INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF

POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

CLIENT M/s. SAUDI ELECTRICITY COMPANY

DETAILED ENGINEERING CONSULTANT M/s. KAFOU TECHNICAL SERVICES
PROJECT INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF POWER PLANT

DOCUMENT
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R1 ISSUED FOR REVIEW 21-07-20 LKG PMJ PMJ

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 INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF
POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 3
3.0 BASIC DESIGN DATA .................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 3
5.0 CONDUCTOR SIZING CALCULATION ............................................................................................................................. 3
6.0 EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION AND CONSIDERATION ..................................................................................... 5
7.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
 INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF
POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

1.0 SCOPE OF DOCUMENT

• This document is intended to summarize the results of the calculations that have been performed in order
to design the earthing system for the electrical network of BSDG for SEC

2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENT

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
1 IEC 60038 IEC STANDARD VOLTAGES
2 IEC 60059 IEC STANDARD CURRENT RATINGS
3 IEC 60050 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY
4 IEEE 80 IEEE GUIDE FOR SAFETY IN AC SUBSTATION GROUNDING
PROJECT DOCUMENT
5 KTS-SEC-BSDG-ARC-101 SDG STEEL STRUCTURE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

3.0 BASIC DESIGN DATA

1 System Voltage 0.400 kV
2 Design Earth Fault Level 40 kA*
3 Average Soil Resistivity 10 Ω-m**
4 Duration of fault 1 Sec
5 Depth of buried conductor 760 mm
6 Ambient temperature (Design) 50 deg C
* Fault Level for the distribution system is considered 40 kA Maximum for BSDG based on the SLD

**Value based on Soil Resistivity Report

4.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENT

4.1 GENERAL
• The objective of this earthing system is to provide a common ground plane reference for electrical system
and a well-defined (return) current path resulting in low transfer impedance for equipment to be
protected.
• Earthing system consist of earthing electrode, Earth Loops & Connections to the equipment requiring
earthing.
• The main earth loop earth strip shall be of 50 x 6 mm (i.e. 300 Sq. mm), PVC Insulated/Sleeved Copper.
Minimum earthing cable size shall be 6 mm2. Earth electrodes shall be copper or copper clad steel, a
minimum of 3000 mm long with a minimum diameter of 19 mm. Earth loop cable shall be buried a
minimum of 750 mm.
• The ground loop shall have a maximum ground resistance of one ohm. Buried connections shall be the
exothermic welded type.
5.0 CONDUCTOR SIZING CALCULATION
 INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF
POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

To verify the suitability of earthing conductors, equation (40) of IEEE Std. 80-2000 shall be used:
I
A= (1)
 TCAP  10 −4
  K 0 + Tm 
   ln 
 t    K +T 
 C R R   0 a 

I RMS current in kA
A Conductor cross section in mm2
Tm Maximum allowable temperature in °C
Ta Ambient temperature in °C
TR Reference temperature for material constants in °C
0 Thermal coefficient of resistivity at 0°C in 1/°C
R Thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference temperature TR in 1/°C
R Resistivity of the earthing conductor at reference temperature TR in ·cm
K0 1/  0 or (1/  R ) – TR in °C
tC Duration of current in s
TCAP Thermal capacity per unit volume in J/ (cm3∙°C)

The various parameters are detailed within the relevant sections.

5.1 RODS

I= 40 kA
r = 0.00393 [1/°C]
Ko = 234 [°C]
r = 1.72 [·cm]
TCAP = 3.42 [J/(cm3∙°C)]
Tm = 1083 °C, bare conductor conservative value
Ta = 50°C, soil reference temperature
Using the data, the minimum cross section, for tc = 1 s, is A = 143.57 mm2.
Since the selected section is 283.5 mm2 (19 mm dia. x 3.048 m length), the material is suitable for the application.

5.2 EARTH LOOP CONDUCTOR OUTSIDE AREA

I= 40 kA
r = 0.00393 [1/°C]
Ko = 234 [°C]
r = 1.72 [·cm]
TCAP = 3.42 [J/(cm3∙°C)]
Tm = 1083 °C, bare conductor conservative value
Ta = 50°C, soil reference temperature
 INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF
POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

Using the data, the minimum conductors cross section, for tc = 1 s, is A = 143.57 mm2.
Since the selected value among standardized section is 50 X 60 mm (i.e. 300 Sq. mm) Cu strip, hence the earthing are
suitable for the application conditions.

6.0 EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION AND CONSIDERATION

Electrodes shall be typically placed near to the structure/building contains electrical equipment The considered rods
data are the following:
- Material: Copper
- Dimension: 19mm (dia.) x 3.048m (Length)
- Installation depth: 0.760 m below the ground level
As per Equation (53) of IEEE 80 total system resistance is given as below:
𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 −𝑹𝒎𝟐
𝐑𝒈 = (2)
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 −𝟐𝑹𝒎
Where;
R1: ground resistance of grid conductors in Ω
R2: ground resistance of all ground rods in Ω
Rm: mutual ground resistance between the group of grid conductors, R1, and group of ground rods, R2 in Ω.
Ground resistance of the grid as per equation 54 of IEEE 80 is
𝛒 𝟐𝑳𝒄 𝑳𝒄 .𝒌𝟏
𝑹𝟏 = ⌊𝐥𝐧 ( 𝒂′ ) + − 𝒌𝟐 ⌋ (3)
𝝅𝑳𝒄 √𝑨
Where;
ρ: is the soil resistivity in Ω∙m
Lc: is the total length of all connected grid conductors in m
a': is √𝒂. 𝟐𝒉 for conductors buried at depth h in m, or
a': is a for conductor on earth surface in m
2a: is the diameter of conductor in m
A: is the area covered by conductors in m2
k1, k2 are the coefficients
Ground resistance of the rod bed as per equation 55 of IEEE 80 is
𝛒 𝟒𝑳𝑹 𝟐 .𝒌𝟏. 𝑳𝒓
𝑹𝟐 = 𝟐𝝅𝒏 ⌊𝐥𝐧 ( )− 𝟏+ (√𝒏𝑹 − 𝟏)𝟐 ⌋ (4)
𝑹 𝑳𝒓 𝒃 √𝑨
Where;
Lr : is the length of each rod in m
2b : is the diameter of rod in m
nR : number of rods placed in area A
Mutual ground resistance between the grid and the rod bed as per equation 56 of IEEE 80 is
𝛒 𝟐𝑳 𝒌𝟏. 𝑳𝒄
𝑹𝒎 = 𝝅𝑳 ⌊𝐥𝐧 ( 𝑳 𝒄) + − 𝒌𝟐 + 𝟏⌋ (5)
𝒄 𝒓 √𝑨

6.1 CALCULATION
Using above equations Area, Ground resistance of the grid
 INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF
POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

𝛒 𝟐𝑳𝒄 𝑳𝒄 . 𝒌𝟏
𝑹𝟏 = ⌊𝐥𝐧 ( ′ ) + − 𝒌𝟐 ⌋
𝝅𝑳𝒄 𝒂 √𝑨

ρ : is the soil resistivity in Ω∙m = 10 Ω∙m

Lc : is the total length of all connected grid conductors in m = 90 m
a' : is √𝒂. 𝟐𝒉 for conductors buried at depth h in m, or = √𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟐(𝟎. 𝟕𝟔) = 0.194
2a : is the diameter of conductor in m = 0.05 m, hence a = 0.05/2 = 0.025 m
A : is the area covered by conductors in m2 = L = 18; W = 18, hence A = 324 m2
k1 : 1.32 (Reference figure 25 Curve A of IEEE 80)
k2 : 5.7 (Reference figure 25 Curve A of IEEE 80)

𝑹𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕 Ω (6)

Using above equations for Area, Ground resistance of the rod bed
𝛒 𝟒𝑳𝑹 𝟐 . 𝒌𝟏. 𝑳𝒓 𝟐
𝑹𝟐 = ⌊𝐥𝐧 ( )−𝟏+ (√𝒏𝑹 − 𝟏) ⌋
𝟐𝝅𝒏𝒓 𝑳𝒓 𝒃 √𝑨

ρ : is the soil resistivity in Ω∙m = 10 Ω∙m

Lr : is the length of each rod in m = 3.048 m
2b : is the diameter of rod in m = 19/1000 = 0.019 m; b = 0.019/2 = 0.0095 m
nR : number of rods placed in area A = 10
A : is the area covered by conductors in m2 = L = 18; W = 18, hence A = 324 m2
k1 : 1.32 (Reference figure 25 Curve A of IEEE 80)

𝑹𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 Ω (7)

Using above equations for BSDG, Mutual ground resistance between the grid and the rod bed
𝛒 𝟐𝑳𝒄 𝒌𝟏. 𝑳𝒄
𝑹𝒎 = ⌊𝐥𝐧 ( )+ − 𝒌𝟐 + 𝟏⌋
𝝅𝑳𝒄 𝑳𝒓 √𝑨

ρ : is the soil resistivity in Ω∙m = 10 Ω∙m

Lc : is the total length of all connected grid conductors in m = 90 m
Lr : is the length of each rod in m = 3.048 m
A : is the area covered by conductors in m2 = L = 18; W = 18, hence A = 324 m2
k2 : 5.7 (Reference figure 25 Curve A of IEEE 80)

𝑹𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏 Ω (8)

Total system resistance for BSDG Building

𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝒎𝟐
𝐑𝒈 =
𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐 − 𝟐𝑹𝒎
 INSTALLATION OF BSDG AT AL-JOUF
POWER PLANT

Doc No : KTS-SEC-BSDG-ELE-009 Date : 21-07-2020

Doc Title : EARTHING CALCULATION REPORT Rev : R1

𝑹𝒈 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝟗 Ω (9)

7.0 CONCLUSION
1. Based on calculation as per clause 6, selected rod is of 20 mm dia. x 3.0 m length.
2. Loop conductor distributed throughout is selected as 50 x 6 mm Insulated copper earth strip
3. Calculated total resistance as per equation 9 is 0.259, which is less than 1 Ω.
 SOIL ELECTRIGAL RESISTIVITY TEST
Wenner's procedure (ASTM-G57)

PROJECT: Generator Foundation evaluation at Al-Jouf p. p DATE: 16n12020

CLlENT: KAFOU TECHNTCAL SERVTCES CO. (KAFOU) REF.:
LOCATION: Dumat Al-Jandal - K.S.A. METHOD:
T. Wenner
EASTING: - NORTHING: TEST No.: 1

EQUIPMENT ETCR 3OOOB T. Location GENERATOR

ELECTRODE RESISTANcE: (R) RESISTIVITY = 2rraR RESISTANCE: (R) RESISTIVIry = 2naR

SPACtNG (M) West West South South
(a) (Ohms) (Ohm-m) (Ohms) (Ohm-m)

1 1.52 9.55 Not applicable Not applicable

-

WEATHER CONDtTtON: Generalty Ctear, Sunny, 42 "C

REMARKS: Just west direction was available to perform the test at 1.0m only.

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