MBM Layers Jeff Firman

Use of Rendered Products in Layer
Feeds
 Jeffre D. Firman, PhD

 Department of Animal Sciences
 University of Missouri
 116 ASRC
 Columbia, MO, USA 65211
 573-882-9427, Fax 573-882-6640
 firmanj@missouri.edu
My background
 Professor for 31 years

 Research on amino acids, energy, by-
product feeds
 Raised commercial scale broilers,
turkeys, turkey breeders, pullets,
currently own 75,000 bird layer farm
 Consulted in 35 different countries
High Quality Protein and
Energy Sources
 World is deficient in protein
 Needs for animal products continue to increase
both with population and with affluence
 While there have been issues in the past, use in
the US and elsewhere is heavy
 Given the paucity of protein sources, rendered
product use makes sense
 The rendering industry is one of the early
practitioners of recycled product use
Supply and pricing of
Rendered Products
 Current price of soybean meal (~290-
350/US ton)
 Meat and bone meal is a bit cheaper,
feed grade poultry meal is similar to
Soya
 Yellow grease is currently ~$0.55/kg
 Other by-product meals are also

found at good prices
Introduction: Rendered
proteins and fats
 Long history worldwide of use of animal proteins and
rendered fats in the poultry industry.
 Products currently being utilized include meat meals from
ruminant and poultry, blood meals, fats, feather meal.
 Variety of use in different species, but today we will discuss
use in layers.
 Provide nutrients needed at competitive prices
 Animal protein sources may improve performance
parameters over corn-soya diets
 While each product has different nutrient contents and
potential values, most are excellent sources of high quality
protein, highly available phosphorus and other minerals.
Goals
 Provide an overview of the products

 Basics of production
 Methods and Limitations on their use
 Economics of their use

Meal Production
 Product is collected at small and large scale

plants
 Ground, cooked (partial drying), fat removed,
further drying, grinding
 Heat is sufficient to inactivate micro-organisms
 Product is the packaged or shipped bulk
 HACCP based procedures are followed to avoid
any recontamination of product
Available products
Ruminant meat meals
 Products from non-edible portion of cattle processing
 Products may vary based on input materials, proportion of
bone
 Utilized in the US poultry industry as a protein/AA, calcium
and phosphorus source
 Inclusion levels typically limited by price
 10% of high quality product would be fine
 Can be used in combination with other by-products
 Typically 50-54% CP, 10% fat, 5% avail P
Available products
Poultry By-product meal:
 By-product of the poultry processing industry
 Consist of the offal and other inedible parts of the chicken
 Differentiation of the products is protein/ash content.
 High ash content less desirable, lower price
 Pet food grade significantly more expensive, now used in
aqua feeds, pet foods
 Inclusion of the product may be something around 10% or 1/3
of protein source
 55-64% CP, 10-14% fat, 3-5% avail P
Available products
Blood meal/feather meal:
 Blood/feather meal is generally not used in high
concentration due to poor amino acid balance
 Constraints would be at 1-2% of the total ration in poultry,
perhaps more in aqua, used as a by-pass protein in
ruminants
 80-88%CP, 1% fat, 0.3% P
Available products
Blended meals:
 Several commercial blends are available as
well as the ability to have products custom
blended to customer specifications
 Some products were designed specifically as a
replacement for fishmeal for instance
 May increase costs, useful if storage space is
lacking or need to simulate fish meal
 Blends were more heavily utilized in the past,
before computer formulation, digestible amino
acids
 Still have a place in markets
Use of animal proteins in
feed
 1. Gather info on your current feeds
 2. Gather info and pricing on potential products
 3. Run formulas with products and available
prices to determine the feed value in your
rations
 4. Look at use of several products
Increasing the number of protein sources available to
the formula results in:
150%
125% • Easier formulation

• Lower formula cost
Percent
100%
• Improved nutrient
75%
balance
50% • Decreased nutrient
One Two Four
excesses
Protein Sources
Cost Excess N
From R. Hamilton
Basics of pullet production
 Goal of pullet production is to get

growth and maturity on targeted
schedule so that lay is induced at the
correct time
 For pullets to be on schedule we need
correct age, weight and lighting
regimen to come together at once
 Lighting is easy so need weight for
age to be correct
Weight for age
Age (wks) Body weight (kg)
4 0.26-.27
6 0.45-.47
8 0.65-.69
10 0.86-.92
12 1.05-1.11
14 1.19-1.27
16 1.33-1.41*
17 1.40-1.48*
*typical light induction
Controlling body weight
 First step is monitoring weight
 Begin weighing at 4-5 weeks
 Adjust feed, hours of light, temp to

maintain target weights
 Feed adjustments are based on
increasing or decreasing
protein/amino acids and energy to
increase/decrease body weight
Use of meat and bone meal
in pullets diets
18% pullet diet with or without MBM
Corn 71.2 68.86
Soya48 18.9 27.12
MBM 8.7 0
Dicalcium Phos 0 1.589
Limestone 0 1.21
Cost/tonne $205.13 $215.86*
* Soya 48 and MBM at same price-

increasing MBM to 110% of soya48
increases cost by $4/tonne
Benefits
 Cost $5-10/tonne reductions

 Improved balance of amino acids
 Highly available source of phosphorus

and Calcium
 Anecdotally has been seen to
decrease pecking
Feeding layers-prelay
 Period between lighting and first egg

 Preparing hen for lay is needed.
 If body weight is on target move to

layer type ration with increased
protein and 2% calcium
 Calcium is to increase stores in
medullary bone
Feeding layers- Lay to 30
weeks
 Early lay period is special
 Hens are just beginning to lay and
feed intake is still increasing
 Birds will gain weight until ~30 weeks
of age
 Egg size will be increasing
significantly during this period
Lay to 30 weeks
 Follow breeder recommendations

 Monitor egg size
 Monitor bird size
 Compare to targets
 Most likely not going to adjust diet at

this time
Layer diets- 30 weeks+
 Use breeder recommendations as a

guide
 Calculate feed intake, monitor egg
size, bird size if there is any concern
birds are losing weight
 Biggest concern is generally egg size
 Slowly decrease protein/amino acids

Understanding egg size
 Egg size generally gets bigger

throughout the cycle
 Increased size may be a market
issue, shell strength decreases with
size
 Gradually decreasing protein/amino
acids will control egg size
 Decreasing protein/amino acids will
reduce cost
 Do not make drastic changes
Use of Meat and bone in a
layer ration
16% layer diet with or without MBM
Corn 67.4 63.8
Soya48 19.7 22.6
MBM 7.0 0
Dicalcium Phos 0.7 0.63
Limestone 5.89 7.8
Cost/tonne $216.45 $226.61*
* Soya 48 and MBM at same price- increasing

MBM to 110% of soya48 increases cost by
$4/tonne
Layer feeds
 Maintain high protein until mature size

has been reached
 Gradually reduce protein/amino acids
as egg size increases to reduce egg
size and costs
 Methionine is probably most important
if eggs are too big
 This will occur throughout the cycle
Summary
 Overall meat and bone meal is a high quality

product
 High in protein/amino acids which helps to
balance the amino acid profile
 High in available Phosphorus and calcium
 Generally a cost effective addition to diets
 May help reduce pecking and stress in birds
Questions?

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Use of Rendered Products in Layer

 Jeffre D. Firman, PhD

 Columbia, MO, USA 65211

 573-882-9427, Fax 573-882-6640

 Professor for 31 years

 Other by-product meals are also

 Provide an overview of the products

 Methods and Limitations on their use

 Economics of their use

 Product is collected at small and large scale

125% • Easier formulation

 Goal of pullet production is to get

 Adjust feed, hours of light, temp to

* Soya 48 and MBM at same price-

 Cost $5-10/tonne reductions

 Highly available source of phosphorus

 Period between lighting and first egg

 If body weight is on target move to

 Follow breeder recommendations

 Monitor bird size

 Most likely not going to adjust diet at

 Use breeder recommendations as a

 Slowly decrease protein/amino acids

 Egg size generally gets bigger

* Soya 48 and MBM at same price- increasing

 Maintain high protein until mature size

 Overall meat and bone meal is a high quality

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