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250 Verbs: A
Past
Main Verbs Past Tense s / es/ ies ing-forms
Participles
(1) forms (2) forms (4) (5)
(3)
abandon abandoned abandoned abandons abandoning
abase abased abased abases abasing
abash abashed abashed abashes abashing
abate abated abated abates abating
abbreviate abbreviated abbreviated abbreviates abbreviating
abdicate abdicated abdicated abdicates abdicating
abduct abducted abducted abducts abducting
abet abetted abetted abets abetting
abhor abhorred abhorred abhors abhorring
abide abode abode abides abiding
abjure abjured abjured abjures abjuring
ablate ablated ablated ablates ablating
abnegate abnegated abnegated abnegates abnegating
abolish abolished abolished abolishes abolishing
abominate abominated abominated abominates abominating
abort aborted aborted aborts aborting
abound abounded abounded abounds abounding
abrade abraded abraded abrades abrading
abreact abreacted abreacted abreacts abreacting
abridge abridged abridged abridges abridging
abrogate abrogated abrogated abrogates abrogating
abscond absconded absconded absconds absconding
absolve absolved absolved absolves absolving
absorb absorbed absorbed absorbs absorbing
abstain abstained abstained abstains abstaining
abstract abstracted abstracted abstracts abstracting
abuse abused abused abuses abusing
abut abutted abutted abuts abutting
accede acceded acceded accedes acceding
accelerate accelerated accelerated accelerates accelerating
accent accented accented accents accenting
accentuate accentuated accentuated accentuates accentuating
accept accepted accepted accepts accepting

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access accessed accessed accesses accessing
accession accessioned accessioned accessions accessioning
acclaim acclaimed acclaimed acclaims acclaiming
acclimatise acclimatised acclimatised acclimatises acclimatising
accommodate accommodated accommodated accommodates accommodating
accompany accompanied accompanied accompanies accompanying
accomplish accomplished accomplished accomplishes accomplishing
accord accorded accorded accords according
accost accosted accosted accosts accosting
account accounted accounted accounts accounting
accredit accredited accredited accredits accrediting
accrete accreted accreted accretes accreting
accrue accrued accrued accrues accruing
accumulate accumulated accumulated accumulates accumulating
accuse accused accused accuses accusing
accustom accustomed accustomed accustoms accustoming
ace aced aced aces acing
ache ached ached aches aching
achieve achieved achieved achieves achieving
achromatize achromatized achromatized achromatizes achromatizing
acidify acidified acidified acidifies acidifying
acidulate acidulated acidulated acidulates acidulating
acknowledge acknowledged acknowledged acknowledges acknowledging
acquiesce acquiesced acquiesced acquiesces acquiescing
acquire acquired acquired acquires acquiring
acquit acquitted acquitted acquits acquitting
act acted acted acts acting
activate activated activated activates activating
actualise actualised actualised actualises actualising
actuate actuated actuated actuates actuating
adapt adapted adapted adapts adapting
add added added adds adding
addle addled addled addles addling
address addressed addressed addresses addressing
adduce adduced adduced adduces adducing
adjoin adjoined adjoined adjoins adjoining
adjourn adjourned adjourned adjourns adjourning

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adjust adjusted adjusted adjusts adjusting
administer administered administered administers administering
admire admired admired admires admiring
admit admitted admitted admits admitting
admix admixed admixed admixes admixing
admonish admonished admonished admonishes admonishing
adopt adopted adopted adopts adopting
adore adored adored adores adoring
adorn adorned adorned adorns adorning
adulate adulated adulated adulates adulating
adulterate adulterated adulterated adulterates adulterating
advance advanced advanced advances advancing
advertise advertised advertised advertises advertising
advise advised advised advises advising
aerate aerated aerated aerates aerating
affect affected affected affects affecting
affiliate affiliated affiliated affiliates affiliating
affirm affirmed affirmed affirms affirming
affix affixed affixed affixes affixing
afflict afflicted afflicted afflict afflict
afford afforded afforded affords affording
afforest afforested afforested afforests afforesting
age aged aged ages aging
agglomerate agglomerated agglomerated agglomerates agglomerating
aggravate aggravated aggravated aggravates aggravating
aggregate aggregated aggregated aggregates aggregating
aggress aggressed aggressed aggresses aggressing
agitate agitated agitated agitates agitating
agonize agonized agonized agonizes agonizing
agree agreed agreed agrees agreeing
aid aided aided aids aiding
ail ailed ailed ails ailing
aim aimed aimed aims aiming
air aired aired airs airing
airbrush airbrushed airbrushed airbrushes airbrushing
alarm alarmed alarmed alarms alarming
alcoholise alcoholised alcoholised alcoholises alcoholising

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alert alerted alerted alerts alerting
alien aliened aliened aliens aliening
alienate alienated alienated alienates alienating
alight alit/alighted alit/alighted alights alighting
align aligned aligned aligns aligning
alkalinise alkalinised alkalinised alkalinises alkalinising
allay allayed allayed allays allaying
allege alleged alleged alleges alleging
allegorise allegorised allegorised allegorises allegorising
alleviate alleviated alleviated alleviates alleviating
allocate allocated allocated allocates allocating
allot allotted allotted allots allotting
allow allowed allowed allows allowing
alloy alloyed alloyed alloys alloying
allude alluded alluded alludes alluding
allure allured allured allures alluring
ally allied allied allies allying
alter altered altered alters altering
alternate alternated alternated alternates alternating
amalgamate amalgamated amalgamated amalgamates amalgamating
amass amassed amassed amasses amassing
amaze amazed amazed amazes amazing
amble ambled ambled ambles ambling
ambush ambushed ambushed ambushes ambushing
ameliorate ameliorated ameliorated ameliorates ameliorating
amend amended amended amends amending
amnesty amnestied amnestied amnesties amnestying
amortize amortized amortized amortizes amortizing
amount amounted amounted amounts amounting
amplify amplified amplified amplifies amplifying
amputate amputated amputated amputates amputating
amuse amused amused amuses amusing
anaesthetise anaesthetised anaesthetised anaesthetises anaesthetising
analyse analysed analysed analyses analysing
anchor anchored anchored anchors anchoring
anger angered angered angers angering
angle angled angled angles angling

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anglicise anglicised anglicised anglicises anglicising
animalise animalised animalised animalises animalising
animate animated animated animates animating
anneal annealed annealed anneals annealing
annex annexed annexed annexes annexing
annihilate annihilated annihilated annihilates annihilating
annotate annotated annotated annotates annotating
announce announced announced announces announcing
annoy annoyed annoyed annoys annoying
annul annulled annulled annuls annulling
anoint anointed anointed anoints anointing
answer answered answered answers answering
antagonise antagonised antagonised antagonises antagonising
antedate antedated antedated antedates antedating
anticipate anticipated anticipated anticipates anticipating
ape aped aped apes aping
apologise apologised apologised apologises apologising
apostrophise apostrophised apostrophised apostrophises apostrophising
appal appalled appalled appals appalling
apparel apparelled apparelled apparels apparelling
appeal appealed appealed appeals appealing
appear appeared appeared appears appearing
appease appeased appeased appeases appeasing
append appended appended appends appending
appertain appertained appertained appertains appertaining
applaud applauded applauded applauds applauding
apply applied applied applies applying
appoint appointed appointed appoints appointing
apportion apportioned apportioned apportions apportioning
appraise appraised appraised appraises appraising
appreciate appreciated appreciated appreciates appreciating
apprehend apprehended apprehended apprehends apprehending
approach approached approached approaches approaching
appropriate appropriated appropriated appropriates appropriating
approve approved approved approves approving
arbitrate arbitrated arbitrated arbitrates arbitrating
arch arched arched arches arching

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argue argued argued argues arguing
arise arose arisen arises arising
arm armed armed arms arming
arouse aroused aroused arouses arousing
arraign arraigned arraigned arraigns arraigning
arrange arranged arranged arranges arranging
array arrayed arrayed arrays arraying
arrest arrested arrested arrests arresting
arrive arrived arrived arrives arriving
articulate articulated articulated articulates articulating
ascertain ascertained ascertained ascertains ascertaining
ascribe ascribed ascribed ascribes ascribing
ask asked asked asks asking
asphalt asphalted asphalted asphalts asphalting
aspire aspired aspired aspires aspiring
assail assailed assailed assails assailing
assassinate assassinated assassinated assassinates assassinating
assault assaulted assaulted assaults assaulting
assay assayed assayed assays assaying
assemble assembled assembled assembles assembling
assert asserted asserted asserts asserting
assess assessed assessed assesses assessing
assign assigned assigned assigns assigning
assimilate assimilated assimilated assimilates assimilating
assist assisted assisted assists assisting
associate associated associated associates associating
assoil assoiled assoiled assoils assoiling
assort assorted assorted assorts assorting
assuage assuaged assuaged assuages assuaging
assume assumed assumed assumes assuming
assure assured assured assures assuring
asterisk asterisked asterisked asterisks asterisking
astonish astonished astonished astonishes astonishing
astound astounded astounded astounds astounding
atomise atomised atomised atomises atomising
atomize atomized atomized atomizes atomizing
atone atoned atoned atones atoning

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atrophy atrophied atrophied atrophies atrophying
attach attached attached attaches attaching
attack attacked attacked attacks attacking
attain attained attained attains attaining
attaint attainted attainted attains attainting
attempt attempted attempted attempts attempting
attend attended attended attends attending
attenuate attenuated attenuated attenuates attenuating
attract attracted attracted attracts attracting
attribute attributed attributed attributes attributing
attune attuned attuned attunes attuning
auction auctioned auctioned auctions auctioning
auctioneer auctioneered auctioneered auctioneers auctioneering
audit audited audited audits auditing
audition auditioned auditioned auditions auditioning
augur augured augured augurs auguring
authenticate authenticated authenticated authenticates authenticating
author authored authored authors authoring
authorise authorised authorised authorises authorising
autoclave autoclaved autoclaved autoclaves autoclaving
autograph autographed autographed autographs autographing
automate automated automated automates automating
avail availed availed avails availing
avenge avenged avenged avenges avenging
aver averred averred avers averring
avert averted averted averts averting
avoid avoided avoided avoids avoiding
await awaited awaited awaits awaiting
awake awoke awoken awakes awaking
awaken awakened awakened awakens awakening
award awarded awarded awards awarding
axe axed axed axes axing
Shailesh Ramanuj: WhatsApp: 99789 99990

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 480 Verbs: A
aah ~ express admiration and pleasure by uttering `ooh' or `aah'; "They
oohed and aahed when they unwrapped the presents"
abacinate ~ blind by holding a red-hot metal plate before someone's
eyes; "The prisoners were abacinated by their captors"
abandon ~ forsake, leave behind; "We abandoned the old car in the
empty parking lot"
abandon ~ leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the
lurch; "The mother deserted her children"
abandon ~ leave behind empty; move out of; "You must vacate your
office by tonight"
abandon ~ stop maintaining or insisting on; of ideas or claims; "He
abandoned the thought of asking for her hand in marriage"; "Both sides
have to give up some claims in these negotiations"
abandon ~ give up with the intent of never claiming again; "Abandon
your life to God"; "She gave up her children to her ex-husband when she
moved to Tahiti"; "We gave the drowning victim up for dead"
abase ~ cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of; "He humiliated his
colleague by criticising him in front of the boss"
abash ~ cause to be embarrassed; cause to feel self-conscious
abate ~ become less in amount or intensity; "The storm abated"; "The
rain let up after a few hours"
abate ~ make less active or intense
abbreviate ~ reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The
manuscript must be shortened"
abbreviate ~ shorten; "Abbreviate `New York' and write `NY'"

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abdicate ~ give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or
duties and obligations; "The King abdicated when he married a divorcee"
abduce ~ advance evidence for
abduct ~ take away to an undisclosed location against their will and
usually in order to extract a ransom; "The industrialist's son was
kidnapped"
abduct ~ pull away from the body; "this muscle abducts"
aberrate ~ diverge from the expected; "The President aberrated from
being a perfect gentleman"
aberrate ~ diverge or deviate from the straight path; produce aberration;
"The surfaces of the concave lens may be proportioned so as to aberrate
exactly equal to the convex lens"
abet ~ assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing
abhor ~ find repugnant; "I loathe that man"; "She abhors cats"
abide ~ dwell; "You can stay with me while you are in town"; "stay a bit
longer--the day is still young"
abide ~ put up with something or somebody unpleasant; "I cannot bear
his constant criticism"; "The new secretary had to endure a lot of
unprofessional remarks"; "he learned to tolerate the heat"; "She stuck out
two years in a miserable marriage"
abjure ~ formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under
pressure; "He retracted his earlier statements about his religion"; "She
abjured her beliefs"
ablactate ~ gradually deprive (infants and young mammals) of mother's
milk; "she weaned her baby when he was 3 months old and started him
on powdered milk"; "The kitten was

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weaned and fed by its owner with a bottle"
ablate ~ remove an organ or bodily structure
ablate ~ wear away through erosion or vaporization
abnegate ~ deny or renounce; "They abnegated their gods"
abnegate ~ surrender (power or a position); "The King abnegated his
power to the ministers"
abnegate ~ deny oneself (something); restrain, especially from indulging
in some pleasure; "She denied herself wine and spirits"
abolish ~ do away with; "Slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century
in America and in Russia"
abominate ~ find repugnant; "I loathe that man"; "She abhors cats"
abort ~ terminate a pregnancy by undergoing an abortion
abort ~ terminate before completion; "abort the mission"; "abort the
process running on my computer"
abort ~ cease development, die, and be aborted; "an aborting fetus"
abound ~ be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities
abound ~ be in a state of movement or action; "The room abounded with
screaming children"; "The garden bristled with toddlers"
abrade ~ rub hard or scrub; "scour the counter tops"
abrade ~ wear away
abrase ~ wear away
abreact ~ discharge bad feelings or tension through verbalization
abridge ~ reduce in scope while retaining essential elements; "The
manuscript must be shortened"

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abridge ~ lessen, diminish, or curtail; "the new law might abridge our
freedom of expression"
abrogate ~ revoke formally
abscise ~ shed flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of a scar
tissue
abscise ~ remove or separate by abscission
abscond ~ run away; usually includes taking something or somebody
along; "The thief made off with our silver"; "the accountant absconded
with the cash from the safe"
abseil ~ descend by means of a rappel; "The ascent was easy--roping
down the mountain would be much more difficult and dangerous"; "You
have to learn how to abseil when you want to do technical climbing"
absent ~ go away or leave; "He absented himself"
absolve ~ grant remission of a sin to; "The priest absolved him and told
him to say ten Hail Marys"
absolve ~ let off the hook; "I absolve you from this responsibility"
absorb ~ become imbued; "The liquids, light, and gases absorb"
absorb ~ cause to become one with; "The sales tax is absorbed into the
state income tax"
absorb ~ assimilate or take in; "The immigrants were quickly absorbed
into society"
absorb ~ take in, also metaphorically; "The sponge absorbs water well";
"She drew strength from the minister's words"
absorb ~ devote (oneself) fully to; "He immersed himself into his studies"
absorb ~ take up, as of debts or payments; "absorb the costs for
something"

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absorb ~ suck or take up or in; "A black star absorbs all matter"
absorb ~ take up mentally; "he absorbed the knowledge or beliefs of his
tribe"
absorb ~ consume all of one's attention or time; "Her interest in
butterflies absorbs her completely"
absquatulate ~ run away; usually includes taking something or
somebody along; "The thief made off with our silver"; "the accountant
absconded with the cash from the safe"
abstain ~ choose not to consume; "I abstain from alcohol"
abstain ~ refrain from voting
abstract ~ make off with belongings of others
abstract ~ give an abstract (of)
abstract ~ consider a concept without thinking of a specific example;
consider abstractly or theoretically
abstract ~ consider apart from a particular case or instance; "Let's
abstract away from this particular example"
abuse ~ use foul or abusive language towards; "The actress abused the
policeman who gave her a parking ticket"; "The angry mother shouted at
the teacher"
abuse ~ treat badly; "This boss abuses his workers"; "She is always
stepping on others to get ahead"
abuse ~ use wrongly or improperly or excessively; "Her husband often
abuses alcohol"; "while she was pregnant, she abused drugs"
abuse ~ change the inherent purpose or function of something; "Don't
abuse the system"; "The director of the factory misused the funds
intended for the health care of his workers"

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abut ~ lie adjacent to another or share a boundary; "Canada adjoins the
U.S."; "England marches with Scotland"
aby ~ make amends for; "expiate one's sins"
abye ~ make amends for; "expiate one's sins"
accede ~ yield to another's wish or opinion; "The government bowed to
the military pressure"
accede ~ to agree or express agreement; "The Maestro assented to the
request for an encore"
accede ~ take on duties or office; "accede to the throne"
accelerate ~ cause to move faster; "He accelerated the car"
accelerate ~ move faster; "The car accelerated"
accent ~ to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes
exercise in addition to a change in diet"
accent ~ put stress on; utter with an accent; "In Farsi, you accent the last
syllable of each word"
accentuate ~ to stress, single out as important; "Dr. Jones emphasizes
exercise in addition to a change in diet"
accentuate ~ put stress on; utter with an accent; "In Farsi, you accent
the last syllable of each word"
accept ~ take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person;
"I'll accept the charges"; "She agreed to bear the responsibility"
accept ~ admit into a group or community; "accept students for graduate
study"; "We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member"
accept ~ react favorably to; consider right and proper; "People did not
accept atonal music at that time"; "We accept the idea of universal health
care"

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accept ~ consider or hold as true; "I cannot accept the dogma of this
church"; "accept an argument"
accept ~ make use of or accept for some purpose; "take a risk"; "take an
opportunity"
accept ~ be sexually responsive to, used of a female domesticated
mammal; "The cow accepted the bull"
accept ~ receive willingly something given or offered; "The only girl who
would have him was the miller's daughter"; "I won't have this dog in my
house!"; "Please accept my present"
accept ~ give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to; "I cannot
accept your invitation"; "I go for this resolution"
accept ~ be designed to hold or take; "This surface will not take the dye"
accept ~ tolerate or accommodate oneself to; "I shall have to accept
these unpleasant working conditions"; "I swallowed the insult"; "She has
learned to live with her husband's little idiosyncrasies"
accept ~ receive (a report) officially, as from a committee
access ~ reach or gain access to; "How does one access the attic in this
house?"; "I cannot get to the T.V. antenna, even if I climb on the roof"
access ~ obtain or retrieve from a storage device; as of information on a
computer
accession ~ make a record of additions to a collection, such as a library
acclaim ~ clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate
approval
acclaim ~ praise vociferously; "The critics hailed the young pianist as a
new Rubinstein"

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acclimate ~ get used to a certain climate; "They never acclimatized in
Egypt"
acclimatise ~ get used to a certain climate; "They never acclimatized in
Egypt"
acclimatize ~ get used to a certain climate; "They never acclimatized in
Egypt"
accommodate ~ provide housing for; "We are lodging three foreign
students this semester"
accommodate ~ be agreeable or acceptable to; "This suits my needs"
accommodate ~ have room for; hold without crowding; "This hotel can
accommodate 250 guests"; "The theater admits 300 people"; "The
auditorium can't hold more than 500 people"
accommodate ~ provide a service or favor for someone; "We had to
oblige him"
accommodate ~ make (one thing) compatible with (another); "The
scientists had to accommodate the new results with the existing theories"
accommodate ~ make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose; "Adapt
our native cuisine to the available food resources of the new country"
accommodate ~ provide with something desired or needed; "Can you
accommodate me with a rental car?"
accompany ~ go or travel along with; "The nurse accompanied the old
lady everywhere"
accompany ~ be present or associated with an event or entity; "French
fries come with the hamburger"; "heart attacks are accompanied by
distruction of heart tissue"; "fish usually goes

with white wine"; "this kind of vein accompanies certain arteries"

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accompany ~ perform an accompaniment to; "The orchestra could
barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano"
accompany ~ be a companion to somebody
accomplish ~ put in effect; "carry out a task"; "execute the decision of the
people"; "He actioned the operation"
accomplish ~ to gain with effort; "she achieved her goal despite
setbacks"
accord ~ allow to have; "grant a privilege"
accord ~ go together; "The colors don't harmonize"; "Their ideas
concorded"
accost ~ speak to someone
accost ~ approach with an offer of sexual favors; "he was solicited by a
prostitute"; "The young man was caught soliciting in the park"
account ~ be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition,
supply, or disposal of something; "Passing grades account for half of the
grades given in this exam"
account ~ to give an account or representation of in words; "Discreet
Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"
account ~ keep an account of
account ~ furnish a justifying analysis or explanation; "I can't account for
the missing money"
accouter ~ provide with military equipment
accoutre ~ provide with military equipment
accredit ~ ascribe an achievement to; "She was not properly credited in
the program"

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accredit ~ grant credentials to; "The Regents officially recognized the
new educational institution"; "recognize an academic degree"
accredit ~ provide or send (envoys or embassadors) with official
credentials
accrete ~ grow or become attached by accretion; "The story accreted
emotion"
accrete ~ grow together (of plants and organs); "After many years the
rose bushes grew together"
accrue ~ grow by addition; "The interest accrues"
accrue ~ come into the possession of; "The house accrued to the oldest
son"
acculturate ~ assimilate culturally
accumulate ~ collect or gather; "Journals are accumulating in my office";
"The work keeps piling up"
accumulate ~ get or gather together; "I am accumulating evidence for
the man's unfaithfulness to his wife"; "She is amassing a lot of data for her
thesis"; "She rolled up a small fortune"
accurse ~ curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine
punishment
accuse ~ bring an accusation against; level a charge against; "The
neighbors accused the man of spousal abuse"
accuse ~ blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against;
"he charged the director with indifference"
accustom ~ make psychologically or physically used (to something);
"She became habituated to the background music"
ace ~ serve an ace against (someone)

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ace ~ succeed at easily; "She sailed through her exams"; "You will pass
with flying colors"; "She nailed her astrophysics course"
ace ~ score an ace against; "He aced his opponents"
ace ~ play (a hole) in one stroke
acerbate ~ cause to be bitter or resentful; "These injustices embittered
her even more"
acerbate ~ make sour or bitter
acetify ~ make sour or more sour
acetify ~ turn acidic; "the solution acetified"
acetylate ~ receive substitution of an acetyl group; "the compounds
acetylated"
acetylate ~ introduce an acetyl group into (a chemical compound)
acetylise ~ receive substitution of an acetyl group; "the compounds
acetylated"
acetylise ~ introduce an acetyl group into (a chemical compound)
acetylize ~ introduce an acetyl group into (a chemical compound)
acetylize ~ receive substitution of an acetyl group; "the compounds
acetylated"
ache ~ have a desire for something or someone who is not present;
"She ached for a cigarette"; "I am pining for my lover"
ache ~ be the source of pain
ache ~ feel physical pain; "Were you hurting after the accident?"
achieve ~ to gain with effort; "she achieved her goal despite setbacks"
achromatise ~ remove color from; "achromatize the lenses"
achromatize ~ remove color from; "achromatize the lenses"
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acidify ~ make sour or more sour
acidify ~ turn acidic; "the solution acetified"
acidulate ~ make sour or more sour
acknowledge ~ declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or
truth of; "He admitted his errors"; "She acknowledged that she might have
forgotten"
acknowledge ~ accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his
power and authority; "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true
heir to the throne"; "We do not recognize your gods"
acknowledge ~ report the receipt of; "The program committee
acknowledged the submission of the authors of the paper"
acknowledge ~ express recognition of the presence or existence of, or
acquaintance with; "He never acknowledges his colleagues when they run
into him in the hallway"; "She acknowledged his complement with a
smile"; "it is important to acknowledge the work of others in one's own
writing"
acknowledge ~ express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for; "We must
acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us"
acknowledge ~ accept as legally binding and valid; "acknowledge the
deed"
acquaint ~ inform; "Please acquaint your colleagues of your plans to
move"
acquaint ~ make familiar or conversant with; "you should acquaint
yourself with your new computer"; "We familiarized ourselves with the new
surroundings"
acquaint ~ cause to come to know personally; "permit me to acquaint
you with my son"; "introduce the new neighbors to the community"

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acquiesce ~ to agree or express agreement; "The Maestro assented to
the request for an encore"
acquire ~ come into the possession of something concrete or abstract;
"She got a lot of paintings from her uncle"; "They acquired a new pet";
"Get your results the next day"; "Get permission to take a few days off
from work"
acquire ~ win something through one's efforts; "I acquired a passing
knowledge of Chinese"; "Gain an understanding of international finance";
"win someone's confidence and friendship"
acquire ~ take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect; "His voice took on
a sad tone"; "The story took a new turn"; "he adopted an air of
superiority"; "She assumed strange manners"; "The gods assume human
or animal form in these fables"
acquire ~ gain knowledge or skills; "She learned dancing from her
sister"; "I learned Sanskrit"; "Children acquire language at an amazing
rate"
acquire ~ come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and
attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains";
"I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts"
acquire ~ locate (a moving entity) by means of a tracking system such as
radar
acquire ~ gain through experience; "I acquired a strong aversion to
television"; "Children must develop a sense of right and wrong"; "Dave
developed leadership qualities in his new position"; "develop a passion for
painting"
acquit ~ pronounce not guilty of criminal charges; "The suspect was
cleared of the murder charges"

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acquit ~ behave in a certain manner; "She carried herself well"; "he bore
himself with dignity"; "They conducted themselves well during these
difficult times"
act ~ play a role or part; "Gielgud played Hamlet"; "She wants to act
Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role"; "She played the servant
to her husband's master"
act ~ behave unnaturally or affectedly; "She's just acting"
act ~ have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected; "The
voting process doesn't work as well as people thought"; "How does your
idea work in practice?"; "This method doesn't work"; "The breaks of my
new car act quickly"; "The medicine works only if you take it with a lot of
water"
act ~ be engaged in an activity, often for no particular purpose other than
pleasure
act ~ behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or
comport oneself; "You should act like an adult"; "Don't behave like a fool";
"What makes her do this way?"; "The dog acts ferocious, but he is really
afraid of people"
act ~ pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind; "He acted the
idiot"; "She plays deaf when the news are bad"
act ~ perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); "think before
you act"; "We must move quickly"; "The governor should act on the new
energy bill"; "The nanny acted quickly

by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel"

act ~ perform on a stage or theater; "She acts in this play"; "He acted in
`Julius Caesar'"; "I played in `A Christmas Carol'"

22
act ~ be suitable for theatrical performance; "This scene acts well"
act ~ discharge one's duties; "She acts as the chair"; "In what capacity
are you acting?"
action ~ institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; "He was
warned that the district attorney would process him"; "She actioned the
company for discrimination"
action ~ put in effect; "carry out a task"; "execute the decision of the
people"; "He actioned the operation"
activate ~ put in motion or move to act; "trigger a reaction"; "actuate the
circuits"
activate ~ make (substances) radioactive
activate ~ make active or more active; "activate an old file"
activate ~ aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that
decompose organic matter
activate ~ make more adsorptive; "activate a metal"
actualise ~ make real or concrete; give reality or substance to; "our ideas
must be substantiated into actions"
actualise ~ represent or describe realistically
actualize ~ make real or concrete; give reality or substance to; "our ideas
must be substantiated into actions"
actualize ~ represent or describe realistically
actuate ~ put in motion or move to act; "trigger a reaction"; "actuate the
circuits"
actuate ~ give an incentive for action; "This moved me to sacrifice my
career"

23
acuminate ~ make sharp or acute; taper; make (something) come to a
point
adapt ~ adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions; "We
must adjust to the bad economic situation"
adapt ~ make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose; "Adapt our native
cuisine to the available food resources of the new country"
add ~ constitute an addition; "This paper will add to her reputation"
add ~ determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those of
the neighboring town"
add ~ make an addition by combining numbers; "Add 27 and 49,
please!"
add ~ state or say further; "`It doesn't matter,' he supplied"
add ~ make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others;
increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of; "We added two students to
that dorm room"; "She added a personal note to her letter"; "Add insult to
injury"; "Add some extra plates to the dinner table"
add ~ bestow a quality on; "Her presence lends a certain cachet to the
company"; "The music added a lot to the play"; "She brings a special
atmosphere to our meetings"; "This adds a light note to the program"
addict ~ to cause (someone or oneself) to become dependent (on
something, especially a narcotic drug)
addle ~ become rotten; "addled eggs"
addle ~ mix up or confuse; "He muddled the issues"
address ~ speak to; "He addressed the crowd outside the window"
address ~ give a speech to; "The chairman addressed the board of
trustees"

24
address ~ put an address on (an envelope)
address ~ address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts
towards something, such as a question
address ~ speak to someone
address ~ adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting
address ~ access or locate by address
address ~ direct a question at someone
address ~ act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression; "This
book deals with incest"; "The course covered all of Western Civilization";
"The new book treats the history of China"
address ~ greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name; "He always
addresses me with `Sir'"; "Call me Mister"; "She calls him by first name"
adduce ~ advance evidence for
adduct ~ draw a limb towards the body; "adduct the thigh muscle"
adhere ~ stick to firmly; "Will this wallpaper adhere to the wall?"
adhere ~ be loyal to; "She stood by her husband in times of trouble";
"The friends stuck together through the war"
adhere ~ be compatible or in accordance with; "You must adhere to the
rules"
adhere ~ come or be in close contact with; stick or hold together and
resist separation; "The dress clings to her body"; "The label stuck to the
box"; "The sushi rice grains cohere"
adhere ~ follow through or carry out a plan without deviation; "They
adhered to their plan"
adhere ~ be a devoted follower or supporter; "The residents of this
village adhered to Catholicism"; "She sticks to her principles"
25
adjoin ~ attach or add; "I adjoin a copy of your my lawyer's letter"
adjoin ~ lie adjacent to another or share a boundary; "Canada adjoins
the U.S."; "England marches with Scotland"
adjoin ~ be in direct physical contact with; make contact; "The two
buildings touch"; "Their hands touched"; "The wire must not contact the
metal cover"; "The surfaces contact at this point"
adjourn ~ break from a meeting or gathering; "We adjourned for lunch";
"The men retired to the library"
adjourn ~ close at the end of a session; "The court adjourned"
adjudge ~ declare to be; "She was declared incompetent"; "judge held
that the defendant was innocent"
adjudicate ~ bring to an end; settle conclusively; "The case was
decided"; "The judge decided the case in favor of the plaintiff"; "The father
adjudicated when the sons were quarreling over their inheritance"
adjudicate ~ put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of;
"The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"; "The judge tried
both father and son in separate trials"
adjure ~ command solemnly
adjure ~ ask for or request earnestly; "The prophet bid all people to
become good persons"
adjust ~ decide how much is to be paid on an insurance claim
adjust ~ place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight; "align
the car with the curb"; "align the sheets of paper on the table"
adjust ~ make correspondent or conformable; "Adjust your eyes to the
darkness"

26
adjust ~ alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a
standard; "Adjust the clock, please"; "correct the alignment of the front
wheels"
adjust ~ adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions; "We
must adjust to the bad economic situation"
admeasure ~ determine the quantity of someone's share
administer ~ work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in
charge of; "administer a program"; "she administers the funds"
administer ~ perform (a church sacrament) ritually; "administer the last
unction"
administer ~ administer or bestow, as in small portions; "administer
critical remarks to everyone present"; "dole out some money"; "shell out
pocket money for the children"; "deal a blow to someone"; "the machine
dispenses soft drinks"
administer ~ direct the taking of; "administer an exam"; "administer an
oath"
administer ~ give or apply (medications)
administrate ~ work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in
charge of; "administer a program"; "she administers the funds"
admire ~ look at with admiration
admire ~ feel admiration for
admit ~ give access or entrance to; "The French doors admit onto the
yard"
admit ~ allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise
the rights, functions, and responsibilities of; "admit someone to the
profession"; "She was admitted to the New

27
Jersey Bar"
admit ~ serve as a means of entrance; "This ticket will admit one adult to
the show"
admit ~ admit into a group or community; "accept students for graduate
study"; "We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member"
admit ~ have room for; hold without crowding; "This hotel can
accommodate 250 guests"; "The theater admits 300 people"; "The
auditorium can't hold more than 500 people"
admit ~ afford possibility; "This problem admits of no solution"; "This
short story allows of several different interpretations"
admit ~ declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of;
"He admitted his errors"; "She acknowledged that she might have
forgotten"
admit ~ allow to enter; grant entry to; "We cannot admit non-members
into our club building"; "This pipe admits air"
admix ~ mix or blend; "Hyaline casts were admixed with neutrophils"
admonish ~ take to task; "He admonished the child for his bad behavior"
admonish ~ warn strongly; put on guard
admonish ~ advise or counsel in terms of someone's behavior; "I warned
him not to go too far"; "I warn you against false assumptions"; "She
warned him to be quiet"
adolesce ~ become adolescent; pass through adolescence; "The
children are beginning to adolesce around the age of 12"
adopt ~ take on titles, offices, duties, responsibilities; "When will the new
President assume office?"

28
adopt ~ take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect; "His voice took on a
sad tone"; "The story took a new turn"; "he adopted an air of superiority";
"She assumed strange manners"; "The gods assume human or animal
form in these fables"
adopt ~ choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or
plans; "She followed the feminist movement"; "The candidate espouses
Republican ideals"
adopt ~ take up and practice as one's own
adopt ~ take into one's family; "They adopted two children from
Nicaragua"
adopt ~ put into dramatic form; "adopt a book for a screenplay"
adopt ~ take up the cause, ideology, practice, method, of someone and
use it as one's own; "She embraced Catholicism"; "They adopted the
Jewish faith"
adore ~ love intensely; "he just adored his wife"
adorn ~ make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.;
"Decorate the room for the party"; "beautify yourself for the special day"
adorn ~ be beautiful to look at; "Flowers adorned the tables everywhere"
adorn ~ furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors
adsorb ~ accumulate (liquids or gases) on the surface
adulate ~ flatter in an obsequious manner
adulterate ~ corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or
inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior
ones; "adulterate liquor"
adumbrate ~ describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or
summary of; "sketch the outline of the book"; "outline his ideas"

29
adumbrate ~ give to understand; "I insinuated that I did not like his wife"
advance ~ pay in advance; "Can you advance me some money?"
advance ~ bring forward for consideration or acceptance; "advance an
argument"
advance ~ increase or raise; "boost the voltage in an electrical circuit"
advance ~ move forward; "we have to advance clocks and watches
when we travel eastward"
advance ~ cause to move forward; "Can you move the car seat
forward?"
advance ~ develop in a positive way; "He progressed well in school";
"My plants are coming along"; "Plans are shaping up"
advance ~ contribute to the progress or growth of; "I am promoting the
use of computers in the classroom"
advance ~ develop further; "We are advancing technology every day"
advance ~ obtain advantages, such as points, etc.; "The home team was
gaining ground"; "After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of
the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western
Conference"; "win points"
advance ~ rise in rate or price; "The stock market gained 24 points
today"
advance ~ move forward, also in the metaphorical sense; "Time
marches on"
advance ~ give a promotion to or assign to a higher position; "John was
kicked upstairs when a replacement was hired"; "Women tend not to
advance in the major law firms"; "I got promoted after many years of hard
work"

30
advantage ~ give an advantage to; "This system advantages the rich"
advect ~ convey by horizontal mass movement of a fluid; "energy
advected from the environment"
adventure ~ take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you
buy these stocks you are gambling"
adventure ~ put at risk; "I will stake my good reputation for this"
advert ~ make a more or less disguised reference to; "He alluded to the
problem but did not mention it"
advert ~ make reference to; "His name was mentioned in connection
with the invention"
advert ~ give heed (to); "The children in the audience attended the
recital quietly"; "She hung on his every word"; "They attended to
everything he said"
advertise ~ make publicity for; try to sell (a product); "The salesman is
aggressively pushing the new computer model"; "The company is heavily
advertizing their new laptops"
advertise ~ call attention to; "Please don't advertise the fact that he has
AIDS"
advertize ~ make publicity for; try to sell (a product); "The salesman is
aggressively pushing the new computer model"; "The company is heavily
advertizing their new laptops"
advertize ~ call attention to; "Please don't advertise the fact that he has
AIDS"
advise ~ inform (somebody) of something; "I advised him that the rent
was due"
advise ~ make a proposal, declare a plan for something; "the senator
proposed to abolish the sales tax"
31
advise ~ give advice to; "The teacher counsels troubled students"; "The
lawyer counselled me when I was accused of tax fraud"
advocate ~ speak, plead, or argue in favor of; "The doctor advocated a
smoking ban in the entire house"
advocate ~ push for something; "The travel agent recommended
strongly that we not travel on Thanksgiving Day"
aerate ~ aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that
decompose organic matter
aerate ~ expose to fresh air; "aerate your old sneakers"
afflict ~ cause great unhappiness for; distress; "she was afflicted by the
death of her parents"
afflict ~ cause physical pain or suffering in; "afflict with the plague"
afford ~ be able to spare or give up; "I can't afford to spend two hours
with this person"
afford ~ be the cause or source of; "He gave me a lot of trouble"; "Our
meeting afforded much interesting information"
afford ~ afford access to; "the door opens to the patio"; "The French
doors give onto a terrace"
afford ~ have the financial means to do something or buy something;
"We can't afford to send our children to college"; "Can you afford this
car?"
afforest ~ establish a forest on previously unforested land; "afforest the
mountains"
affranchise ~ grant freedom to; as from slavery or servitude; "Slaves
were enfranchised in the mid-19th century"

32
affright ~ cause fear in; "The stranger who hangs around the building
frightens me"; "Ghosts could never affright her"
affront ~ treat, mention, or speak to rudely; "He insulted her with his rude
remarks"; "the student who had betrayed his classmate was dissed by
everyone"
age ~ grow old or older; "She aged gracefully"; "we age every day--what
a depressing thought!"; "Young men senesce"
age ~ begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him
to age fast"
age ~ make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"
Agenise ~ age or bleach flour with Agene (nitrogen trichloride)
Agenize ~ age or bleach flour with Agene (nitrogen trichloride)
agglomerate ~ form into one cluster
agglutinate ~ string together (morphemes in an agglutinating language)
agglutinate ~ clump together; as of bacteria, red blood cells, etc.
aggrade ~ build up to a level by depositing sediment
aggrandise ~ add details to
aggrandize ~ add details to
aggravate ~ make worse; "This drug aggravates the pain"
aggravate ~ exasperate or irritate
aggregate ~ amount in the aggregate to
aggregate ~ gather in a mass, sum, or whole
aggress ~ take the initiative and go on the offensive; "The Serbs
attacked the village at night"; "The visiting team started to attack"
aggrieve ~ cause to feel sorrow; "his behavior grieves his mother"
33
aggrieve ~ infringe on the rights of
aggroup ~ form a group or group together
agitate ~ move or cause to move back and forth; "The chemist shook the
flask vigorously"; "My hands were shaking"
agitate ~ try to stir up public opinion
agitate ~ exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an
end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate
for; "The liberal party pushed for reforms"; "She is crusading for women's
rights"; "The Dean is pushing for his favorite candidate"
agitate ~ cause to be agitated, excited, or roused; "The speaker charged
up the crowd with his inflammatory remarks"
agitate ~ change the arrangement or position of
agitate ~ move very slightly; "He shifted in his seat"
agnise ~ be fully aware or cognizant of
agnize ~ be fully aware or cognizant of
agonise ~ suffer agony or anguish
agonise ~ cause to agonize
agonize ~ suffer agony or anguish
agonize ~ cause to agonize
agree ~ be in accord; be in agreement; "We agreed on the terms of the
settlement"; "I can't agree with you!"; "I hold with those who say life is
sacred"; "Both philosophers concord on this point"
agree ~ consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something; "She
agreed to all my conditions"; "He agreed to leave her alone"

34
agree ~ go together; "The colors don't harmonize"; "Their ideas
concorded"
agree ~ show grammatical agreement; "Subjects and verbs must always
agree in English"
agree ~ be agreeable or suitable; "White wine doesn't agree with me"
agree ~ achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose; "No two of my
colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman"
agree ~ be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their
characteristics; "The two stories don't agree in many details"; "The
handwriting checks with the signature on the check"; "The suspect's
fingerprints don't match those on the gun"
aid ~ give help or assistance; be of service; "Everyone helped out during
the earthquake"; "Can you help me carry this table?"; "She never helps
around the house"
aid ~ improve the condition of; "These pills will help the patient"
ail ~ cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed
ail ~ be ill or unwell
aim ~ direct (a remark) toward an intended goal; "She wanted to aim a
pun"
aim ~ point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as
photographic equipment) towards; "Please don't aim at your little
brother!"; "He trained his gun on the burglar"; "Don't train your camera on
the women"; "Take a swipe at one's opponent"
aim ~ propose or intend; "I aim to arrive at noon"
aim ~ intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; "He aimed his
fists towards his opponent's face"; "criticism directed at her superior";
"direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself"
35
aim ~ move into a desired direction of discourse; "What are you driving
at?"
aim ~ have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal
aim ~ specifically design a product, event, or activity for a certain public
air ~ be broadcast; "This show will air Saturdays at 2 P.M."
air ~ broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; "We cannot
air this X-rated song"
air ~ expose to warm or heated air, so as to dry; "Air linen"
air ~ expose to fresh air; "aerate your old sneakers"
air ~ expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen; "air the old
winter clothes"; "air out the smoke-filled rooms"
air ~ make public; "She aired her opinions on welfare"
airbrush ~ paint with an airbrush; "The old car looks like new now that
we airbrushed it"
airfreight ~ transport (cargo) by air
airlift ~ fly people or goods to or from places not accessible by other
means; "Food is airlifted into Bosnia"
airmail ~ send or transport by airmail; "Letters to Europe from the U.S.
are best airmailed"
airt ~ channel into a new direction; "redirect your attention to the danger
from the fundamentalists"
alarm ~ warn or arouse to a sense of danger or call to a state of
preparedness; "The empty house alarmed him"; "We alerted the new
neighbors to the high rate of burglaries"

36
alarm ~ fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly
surprised; "I was horrified at the thought of being late for my interview";
"The news of the executions horrified us"
alchemise ~ alter (elements) by alchemy
alchemize ~ alter (elements) by alchemy
alcoholise ~ treat or infuse with alcohol; "alcoholize the fruit and let them
sit in the refrigerator"
allegorize ~ make into an allegory; "The story was allegorized over time"
alleviate ~ provide physical relief, as from pain; "This pill will relieve your
headaches"
alleviate ~ make easier; "you could facilitate the process by sharing your
knowledge"
alligator ~ crack and acquire the appearance of alligator hide, as from
weathering or improper application; of paint and varnishes
alliterate ~ use alliteration as a form of poetry
allocate ~ distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special
purpose; "I am allocating a loaf of bread to everyone on a daily basis";
"I'm allocating the rations for the camping trip"
allot ~ administer or bestow, as in small portions; "administer critical
remarks to everyone present"; "dole out some money"; "shell out pocket
money for the children"; "deal a blow to someone"; "the machine
dispenses soft drinks"
allot ~ allow to have; "grant a privilege"
allot ~ give out; "We were assigned new uniforms"
allow ~ allow the other (baseball) team to score; "give up a run"

37
allow ~ afford possibility; "This problem admits of no solution"; "This
short story allows of several different interpretations"
allow ~ grant as a discount or in exchange; "The camera store owner
allowed me $50 on my old camera"
allow ~ let have; "grant permission"; "Mandela was allowed few visitors
in prison"
allow ~ allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity
of something; "I allow for this possibility"; "The seamstress planned for 5%
shrinkage after the first wash"
allow ~ allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or
prohibiting; "We don't allow dogs here"; "Children are not permitted
beyond this point"; "We cannot tolerate smoking in the hospital"
allow ~ make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be
attainable or cause to remain; "This leaves no room for improvement";
"The evidence allows only one conclusion"; "allow for mistakes"; "leave
lots of time for the trip"; "This procedure provides for lots of leeway"
allow ~ consent to, give permission; "She permitted her son to visit her
estranged husband"; "I won't let the police search her basement"; "I
cannot allow you to see your exam"
allow ~ give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause; "I will
earmark this money for your research"; "She sets aside time for
meditation every day"
allow ~ make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for
something to happen; "This permits the water to rush in"; "This sealed
door won't allow the water come into the basement"; "This will permit the
rain to run off"
allowance ~ put on a fixed allowance, as of food

38
alloy ~ lower in value by increasing the base-metal content
alloy ~ make an alloy of
allude ~ make a more or less disguised reference to; "He alluded to the
problem but did not mention it"
allure ~ dispose or incline or entice to; "We were tempted by the
delicious-looking food"
ally ~ become an ally or associate, as by a treaty or marriage; "He allied
himself with the Communists"
alphabetise ~ arrange in alphabetical order; "Alphabetize the list"
alphabetize ~ arrange in alphabetical order; "Alphabetize the list"
alphabetize ~ provide with an alphabet; "Cyril and Method alphabetized
the Slavic languages"
alter ~ make an alteration to; "This dress needs to be altered"
alter ~ become different in some particular way, without permanently
losing one's or its former characteristics or essence; "her mood changes
in accordance with the weather"; "The supermarket's selection of
vegetables varies according to the season"
alter ~ remove the ovaries of; "Is your cat spayed?"
alter ~ cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The
advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city";
"The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue"
alter ~ insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby
altercate ~ have a disagreement over something; "We quarreled over the
question as to who discovered America"; "These two fellows are always
scrapping over something"
alternate ~ reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action)

39
alternate ~ be an understudy or alternate for a role
alternate ~ exchange people temporarily to fulfill certain jobs and
functions
alternate ~ go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states
or conditions
alternate ~ do something in turns; "We take turns on the night shift"
aluminise ~ cover with aluminum
aluminize ~ cover with aluminum
amalgamate ~ to bring or combine together or with something else;
"resourcefully he mingled music and dance"
amass ~ get or gather together; "I am accumulating evidence for the
man's unfaithfulness to his wife"; "She is amassing a lot of data for her
thesis"; "She rolled up a small fortune"
amass ~ collect or gather; "Journals are accumulating in my office"; "The
work keeps piling up"
amaze ~ affect with wonder; "Your ability to speak six languages
amazes me!"
amaze ~ be a mystery or bewildering to; "This beats me!"; "Got me--I
don't know the answer!"; "a vexing problem"; "This question really stuck
me"
ambition ~ have as one's ambition
amble ~ walk leisurely
ambulate ~ walk about; not be bedridden or incapable of walking
ambuscade ~ wait in hiding to attack
ambush ~ wait in hiding to attack

40
ambush ~ hunt (quarry) by stalking and ambushing
ameliorate ~ to make better; "The editor improved the manuscript with
his changes"
ameliorate ~ get better; "The weather improved toward evening"
amend ~ set straight or right; "remedy these deficiencies"; "rectify the
inequities in salaries"; "repair an oversight"
amend ~ to make better; "The editor improved the manuscript with his
changes"
amend ~ make amendments to; "amend the document"
amerce ~ punish with an arbitrary penalty
amerce ~ punish by a fine imposed arbitrarily by the discretion of the
court
Americanise ~ become American in character; "After a year in Iowa, he
has totally Americanized"
Americanise ~ make American in character; "The year in the US has
completely Americanized him"
Americanize ~ become American in character; "After a year in Iowa, he
has totally Americanized"
americanize ~ make American in character; "The year in the US has
completely Americanized him"
ammoniate ~ treat with ammonia
ammonify ~ treat with ammonia; cause to undergo ammonification
amnesty ~ grant a pardon to (a group of people)
amortise ~ liquidate gradually
amortize ~ liquidate gradually

41
amount ~ develop into; "This idea will never amount to anything";
"nothing came of his grandiose plans"
amount ~ add up in number or quantity; "The bills amounted to $2,000";
"The bill came to $2,000"
amount ~ be tantamount or equivalent to; "Her action amounted to a
rebellion"
amplify ~ increase the volume of; "amplify sound"
amplify ~ to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth; "tended to romanticize
and exaggerate this `gracious Old South' imagery"
amplify ~ exaggerate or make bigger; "The charges were inflated"
amplify ~ increase in size, volume or significance; "Her terror was
magnified in her mind"
amputate ~ remove surgically; "amputate limbs"
amuse ~ occupy in an agreeable, entertaining or pleasant fashion; "The
play amused the ladies"
amuse ~ make (somebody) laugh; "The clown amused the children"
anaesthetise ~ administer an anaesthetic drug to; "The patient must be
anesthetized before the operation"; "anesthetize the gum before
extracting the teeth"
anaesthetize ~ administer an anaesthetic drug to; "The patient must be
anesthetized before the operation"; "anesthetize the gum before
extracting the teeth"
anagram ~ read letters out of order to discover a hidden meaning
anagrammatise ~ read letters out of order to discover a hidden meaning
anagrammatize ~ read letters out of order to discover a hidden meaning
analogise ~ make an analogy
42
analogize ~ make an analogy
analyse ~ break down into components or essential features; "analyze
today's financial market"
analyse ~ consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to
discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by
Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your
real motives"
analyse ~ subject to psychoanalytic treatment; "I was analyzed in Vienna
by a famous psychiatrist"
analyse ~ make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of;
break down into components or essential features; "analyze a specimen";
"analyze a sentence"; "analyze a chemical compound"
analyze ~ make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of;
break down into components or essential features; "analyze a specimen";
"analyze a sentence"; "analyze a chemical compound"
analyze ~ consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to
discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a sonnet by
Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"; "analyze your
real motives"
analyze ~ subject to psychoanalytic treatment; "I was analyzed in Vienna
by a famous psychiatrist"
analyze ~ break down into components or essential features; "analyze
today's financial market"
anastomose ~ cause to join or open into each other by anastomosis;
"anastomose blood vessels"
anastomose ~ come together or open into each other; "the blood vessels
anastomose"

43
anathematise ~ curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with
divine punishment
anathematize ~ curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with
divine punishment
anathemise ~ wish harm upon; invoke evil upon; "The bad witch cursed
the child"
anathemise ~ curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with
divine punishment
anathemize ~ curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with
divine punishment
anathemize ~ wish harm upon; invoke evil upon; "The bad witch cursed
the child"
anatomise ~ dissect in order to analyze; "anatomize the bodies of the
victims of this strange disease"
anatomize ~ analyze down to the smallest detail; "This writer anatomized
the depth of human behavior"
anatomize ~ dissect in order to analyze; "anatomize the bodies of the
victims of this strange disease"
anchor ~ secure a vessel with an anchor; "We anchored at Baltimore"
anchor ~ fix firmly and stably; "anchor the lamppost in concrete"
ancylose ~ produce ankylosis by surgery
ancylose ~ undergo ankylosis; "joints ankylose"
anele ~ administer an oil or ointment to; often in a religious ceremony of
blessing

44
anesthetise ~ administer an anaesthetic drug to; "The patient must be
anesthetized before the operation"; "anesthetize the gum before
extracting the teeth"
anesthetize ~ administer an anaesthetic drug to; "The patient must be
anesthetized before the operation"; "anesthetize the gum before
extracting the teeth"
anger ~ become angry; "He angers easily"
anger ~ make angry; "The news angered him"
angle ~ seek indirectly; "fish for compliments"
angle ~ present with a bias; "He biased his presentation so as to please
the share holders"
angle ~ fish with a hook
angle ~ move or proceed at an angle; "he angled his way into the room"
angle ~ to incline or bend from a vertical position; "She leaned over the
banister"
anglicise ~ make English in appearance; "She anglicised her name after
moving from Paris to London"
anglicize ~ make English in appearance; "She anglicised her name after
moving from Paris to London"
anguish ~ cause emotional anguish or make miserable; "It pains me to
see my children not being taught well in school"
anguish ~ suffer great pains or distress
angulate ~ make or become angular
animadvert ~ express one's opinion openly and without fear or
hesitation; "John spoke up at the meeting"

45
animadvert ~ express blame or censure or make a harshly critical
remark
animalise ~ make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman; "Life in the camps had
brutalized him"
animalise ~ represent in the form of an animal
animalise ~ become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling
animalize ~ make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman; "Life in the camps had
brutalized him"
animalize ~ represent in the form of an animal
animalize ~ become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling
animate ~ heighten or intensify; "These paintings exalt the imagination"
animate ~ give new life or energy to; "A hot soup will revive me"; "This
will renovate my spirits"; "This treatment repaired my health"
animate ~ make lively; "let's liven up this room a bit"
animate ~ give lifelike qualities to; "animated cartoons"
animise ~ give lifelike qualities to; "animated cartoons"
animize ~ give lifelike qualities to; "animated cartoons"
ankylose ~ undergo ankylosis; "joints ankylose"
ankylose ~ produce ankylosis by surgery
anneal ~ bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a
process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass"
annex ~ take (territory) as if by conquest; "Hitler annexed Lithuania"
annex ~ attach to
annihilate ~ kill in large numbers; "the plague wiped out an entire
population"
46
annotate ~ provide interlinear explanations for words or phrases; "He
annotated on what his teacher had written"
annotate ~ add explanatory notes to or supply with critical comments;
"The scholar annotated the early edition of a famous novel"
announce ~ give the names of; "He announced the winners of the
spelling bee"
announce ~ foreshadow or presage
announce ~ make known; make an announcement; "She denoted her
feelings clearly"
announce ~ announce publicly or officially; "The President declared war"
annoy ~ cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations;
"Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really bothers me"; "It irritates me that she
never closes the door after she leaves"
annul ~ cancel officially; "He revoked the ban on smoking"; "lift an
embargo"; "vacate a death sentence"
annul ~ declare invalid; "The contract was annulled"; "void a plea"
annunciate ~ foreshadow or presage
anodise ~ coat a metal with an oxide coat
anodize ~ coat a metal with an oxide coat
anoint ~ choose by or as if by divine intervention; "She was anointed the
head of the Christian fundamentalist group"
anoint ~ administer an oil or ointment to; often in a religious ceremony of
blessing
answer ~ give the correct answer or solution to; "answer a question";
"answer the riddle"
answer ~ be liable or accountable; "She must answer for her actions"
47
answer ~ understand the meaning of; "The question concerning the
meaning of life cannot be answered"
answer ~ be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity; "A few
words would answer"; "This car suits my purpose well"; "Will $100 do?";
"A `B' grade doesn't suffice to get me into medical school"; "Nothing else
will serve"
answer ~ respond to a signal; "answer the door"; "answer the telephone"
answer ~ be satisfactory for; meet the requirements of or serve the
purpose of; "This may answer her needs"
answer ~ match or correspond; "The drawing of the suspect answers to
the description the victim gave"
answer ~ give a defence or refutation of (a charge) or in (an argument);
"The defendant answered to all the charges of the prosecution"
answer ~ react to a stimulus or command; "The steering of my new car
answers to the slightest touch"
answer ~ react verbally; "She didn't want to answer"; "answer the
question"; "We answered that we would accept the invitation"
antagonise ~ act in opposition to
antagonise ~ provoke the hostility of; "Don't antagonize your boss"
antagonize ~ act in opposition to
antagonize ~ provoke the hostility of; "Don't antagonize your boss"
ante ~ place one's stake
antecede ~ be earlier in time; go back further; "Stone tools precede
bronze tools"
antedate ~ establish something as being earlier relative to something
else

48
antedate ~ be earlier in time; go back further; "Stone tools precede
bronze tools"
anthologise ~ compile an anthology
anthologize ~ compile an anthology
anthropomorphise ~ ascribe human features to something
anthropomorphize ~ ascribe human features to something
antic ~ act as or like a clown
anticipate ~ make a prediction about; tell in advance; "Call the outcome
of an election"
anticipate ~ act in advance of; deal with ahead of time
anticipate ~ be a forerunner of or occur earlier than; "This composition
anticipates Impressionism"
anticipate ~ regard something as probable or likely; "The meteorologists
are expecting rain for tomorrow"
anticipate ~ realize beforehand
anticipate ~ be excited or anxious about
antiquate ~ give an antique appearance to; "antique furniture"
antiquate ~ make obsolete or old-fashioned
antique ~ give an antique appearance to; "antique furniture"
antique ~ shop for antiques; "We went antiquing on Saturday"
antisepticize ~ disinfect with an antiseptic; "The animals were
antisepticized by the veterinarian before the operation"
ape ~ imitate uncritically and in every aspect; "Her little brother apes her
behavior"

49
ape ~ represent in or produce a caricature of; "The drawing caricatured
the President"
aphorise ~ speak or write in aphorisms
aphorize ~ speak or write in aphorisms
apologise ~ defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by
reasoning; "rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior"; "he
rationalized his lack of success"
apologise ~ acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing; "I apologized
for being late"; "He apologized for the many typos"
apologize ~ defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by
reasoning; "rationalize the child's seemingly crazy behavior"; "he
rationalized his lack of success"
apologize ~ acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing; "I apologized
for being late"; "He apologized for the many typoes"
apostatise ~ abandon one's beliefs or allegiances
apostatize ~ abandon one's beliefs or allegiances
apostrophise ~ use an apostrophe
apostrophize ~ use an apostrophe
apotheose ~ deify or glorify
apotheosise ~ deify or glorify
apply ~ be applicable to; as to an analysis; "This theory lends itself well
to our new data"
apply ~ apply oneself to; "Please apply yourself to your homework"
apply ~ refer (a word or name) to a person or thing; "He applied this
racial slur to me!"

50
apply ~ apply to a surface; "She applied paint to the back of the house";
"Put on make-up!"
apply ~ avail oneself to; "apply a principle"; "practice a religion"; "use
care when going down the stairs"; "use your common sense"; "practice
non-violent resistance"
apply ~ ensure observance of laws and rules; "Apply the rules to
everyone"
apply ~ give or convey physically; "She gave him First Aid"; "I gave him a
punch in the nose"
appoint ~ create and charge with a task or function; "nominate a
committee"
appoint ~ furnish; "a beautifully appointed house"
appoint ~ assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to; "He was
appointed deputy manager"; "She was charged with supervising the
creation of a concordance"
apportion ~ distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special
purpose; "I am allocating a loaf of bread to everyone on a daily basis";
"I'm allocating the rations for the camping trip"
apportion ~ give out as one's portion or share
appose ~ place side by side or in close proximity
appraise ~ consider in a comprehensive way; "He appraised the
situation carefully before acting"
appraise ~ evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or
significance of; "I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional";
"access all the factors when taking a risk"
appreciate ~ gain in value; "The yen appreciated again!"

51
appreciate ~ be fully aware of; realize fully; "Do you appreciate the full
meaning of this letter?"
appreciate ~ increase the value of; "The Germans want to appreciate the
Deutsche Mark"
appreciate ~ hold dear; "I prize these old photographs"
appreciate ~ recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
apprehend ~ anticipate with dread or anxiety
apprehend ~ get the meaning of something; "Do you comprehend the
meaning of this letter?"
apprehend ~ take into custody; "the police nabbed the suspected
criminals"
apprentice ~ be or work as an apprentice; "She apprenticed with the
great master"
apprise ~ increase the value of; "The Germans want to appreciate the
Deutsche Mark"
apprise ~ inform (somebody) of something; "I advised him that the rent
was due"
apprise ~ make aware of; "Have the students been apprised of the
tuition hike?"
apprise ~ gain in value; "The yen appreciated again!"
apprize ~ make aware of; "Have the students been apprised of the
tuition hike?"
apprize ~ gain in value; "The yen appreciated again!"
apprize ~ inform (somebody) of something; "I advised him that the rent
was due"

52
apprize ~ increase the value of; "The Germans want to appreciate the
Deutsche Mark"
approach ~ come near in time; "Winter is approaching"; "approaching old
age"
approach ~ begin to deal with; "approach a task"; "go about a difficult
problem"; "approach a new project"
approach ~ come near or verge on, resemble, come nearer in quality, or
character; "This borders on discrimination!"; "His playing approaches that
of Horowitz"
approach ~ move towards; "We were approaching our destination";
"They are drawing near"; "The enemy army came nearer and nearer"
approach ~ make advances to someone, usually with a proposal or
suggestion; "I was approached by the President to serve as his adviser in
foreign matters"
approbate ~ accept (documents) as valid
approbate ~ approve or sanction officially
appropriate ~ give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause;
"I will earmark this money for your research"; "She sets aside time for
meditation every day"
appropriate ~ take possession of by force, as after an invasion; "the
invaders seized the land and property of the inhabitants"; "The army
seized the town"; "The militia captured the castle"
approve ~ judge to be right or commendable; think well of
approve ~ give sanction to; "I approve of his educational policies"
approximate ~ be close or similar; "Her results approximate my own"

53
approximate ~ judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or
time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds"
aquaplane ~ rise up onto a thin film of water between the tires and road
so that there is no more contact with the road; "the car aquaplaned"
aquaplane ~ ride on an aquaplane
aquatint ~ etch in aquatint
arbitrage ~ practice arbitrage, as in the stock market
arbitrate ~ act between parties with a view to reconciling differences; "He
interceded in the family dispute"; "He mediated a settlement"
arborise ~ branch out like trees; "nerve fibers arborize"
arborize ~ branch out like trees; "nerve fibers arborize"
arc ~ form an arch or curve; "her back arches"; "her hips curve nicely"
arch ~ form an arch or curve; "her back arches"; "her hips curve nicely"
archaise ~ give an archaic appearance of character to; "archaized
craftwork"
archaize ~ give an archaic appearance of character to; "archaized
craftwork"
archive ~ put into an archive
argue ~ present reasons and arguments
argue ~ give evidence of; "The evidence argues for your claim"; "The
results indicate the need for more work"
argue ~ have an argument about something
argufy ~ have a disagreement over something; "We quarreled over the
question as to who discovered America"; "These two fellows are always
scrapping over something"

54
arise ~ come into existence; take on form or shape; "A new religious
movement originated in that country"; "a love that sprang up from
friendship"; "the idea for the book grew out of a short story"; "An
interesting phenomenon uprose"
arise ~ move upward; "The fog lifted"; "The smoke arose from the forest
fire"; "The mist uprose from the meadows"
arise ~ result or issue; "A slight unpleasantness arose from this
discussion"
arise ~ originate or come into being; "a question arose"
arise ~ get up and out of bed; "I get up at 7 A.M. every day"; "They rose
early"; "He uprose at night"
arise ~ take part in a rebellion; renounce a former allegiance
arise ~ rise to one's feet; "The audience got up and applauded"
arm ~ prepare oneself for a military confrontation; "The U.S. is girding for
a conflict in the Middle East"; "troops are building up on the Iraqi border"
arm ~ supply with arms; "The U.S. armed the freedom fighters in
Afghanistan"
armor ~ equip with armor
armour ~ equip with armor
aromatise ~ fill or impregnate with an odor; "orange blossoms perfumed
the air in the garden"
aromatize ~ fill or impregnate with an odor; "orange blossoms perfumed
the air in the garden"
arouse ~ stop sleeping; "She woke up to the sound of the alarm clock"
arouse ~ cause to be alert and energetic; "Coffee and tea stimulate me";
"This herbal infusion doesn't stimulate"

55
arouse ~ to begin moving; "As the thunder started the sleeping children
began to stir"
arouse ~ summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by
magic; "raise the specter of unemployment"; "he conjured wild birds in the
air"; "call down the spirits from the mountain"
arouse ~ call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); "arouse pity";
"raise a smile"; "evoke sympathy"
arouse ~ stimulate sexually; "This movie usually arouses the male
audience"
arouse ~ cause to become awake or conscious; "He was roused by the
drunken men in the street"; "Please wake me at 6 AM."
arraign ~ accuse of a wrong or an inadequacy
arraign ~ call before a court to answer an indictment
arrange ~ adapt for performance in a different way; "set this poem to
music"
arrange ~ arrange attractively; "dress my hair for the wedding"
arrange ~ plan, organize, and carry out (an event); "the neighboring tribe
staged an invasion"
arrange ~ arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events; "arrange my
schedule"; "set up one's life"; "I put these memories with those of bygone
times"
arrange ~ set (printed matter) into a specific format; "Format this letter so
it can be printed out"
arrange ~ make arrangements for; "Can you arrange a meeting with the
President?"

56
arrange ~ put into a proper or systematic order; "arrange the books on
the shelves in chronological order"
array ~ align oneself with a group or a way of thinking
array ~ lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line; "lay out the
clothes"; "lay out the arguments"
arrest ~ hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or
influence of; "Arrest the downward trend"; "Check the growth of
communism in South East Asia"; "Contain the rebel movement"; "Turn
back the tide of communism"
arrest ~ cause to stop; "Halt the engines"; "Arrest the progress"; "halt the
presses"
arrest ~ attract and fix; "His look caught her"; "She caught his eye";
"Catch the attention of the waiter"
arrest ~ take into custody; "the police nabbed the suspected criminals"
arrive ~ succeed in a big way; get to the top; "After he published his
book, he had arrived"; "I don't know whether I can make it in science!";
"You will go far, my boy!"
arrive ~ reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress; "She
arrived home at 7 o'clock"; "She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight"
arrogate ~ demand as being one's due or property; assert one's right or
title to; "He claimed his suitcases at the airline counter"; "Mr. Smith claims
special tax exemptions because he is a foreign resident"
arrogate ~ make undue claims to having
arrogate ~ seize and take control without authority and possibly with
force; take as one's right or possession; "He assumed to himself the right
to fill all positions in the town"; "he

57
usurped my rights"; "She seized control of the throne after her husband
died"
arse about ~ be lazy or idle; "Her son is just bumming around all day"
arse around ~ be lazy or idle; "Her son is just bumming around all day"
arse around ~ indulge in horseplay; "Enough horsing around--let's get
back to work!"; "The bored children were fooling about"
arterialise ~ change venous blood into arterial blood
arterialize ~ change venous blood into arterial blood
article ~ bind by a contract; especially for a training period
articulate ~ unite by forming a joint or joints; "the ankle bone articulates
with the leg bones to form the ankle bones"
articulate ~ speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way; "She
pronounces French words in a funny way"; "I cannot say `zip wire'"; "Can
the child sound out this complicated word?"
articulate ~ provide with a joint; "the carpenter jointed two pieces of
wood"
articulate ~ express or state clearly
articulate ~ put into words or an expression; "He formulated his concerns
to the board of trustees"
act as ~ function as or act like; "This heap of stones will act as a barrier"
act as ~ pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind; "He acted the
idiot"; "She plays deaf when the news are bad"
ascend ~ go along towards (a river's) source; "The boat ascended the
Delaware"
ascend ~ go back in order of genealogical succession; "Inheritance may
not ascend linearly"
58
ascend ~ appear to be moving upward, as by means of tendrils; "the
vine climbed up the side of the house"
ascend ~ move to a better position in life or to a better job; "She
ascended from a life of poverty to one of great renown"
ascend ~ travel up; "We ascended the mountain"; "go up a ladder"; "The
mountaineers slowly ascended the steep slope"
ascend ~ become king or queen; "She ascended to the throne after the
King's death"
ascend ~ come up, of celestial bodies; "The sun also rises"; "The sun
uprising sees the dusk night fled..."; "Jupiter ascends"
ascend ~ slope upwards; "The path ascended to the top of the hill"
ascertain ~ be careful or certain to do something; make certain of
something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the
curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product"
ascertain ~ learn or discover with certainty
ascertain ~ find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making
an inquiry or other effort; "I want to see whether she speaks French"; "See
whether it works"; "find out if he speaks Russian"; "Check whether the
train leaves on time"
ascertain ~ establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment,
survey, or study; "find the product of two numbers"; "The physicist who
found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"
ascribe ~ attribute or credit to; "We attributed this quotation to
Shakespeare"; "People impute great cleverness to cats"
ash ~ convert into ashes
ask ~ make a date; "Has he asked you out yet?" "He asekd me to a
dance"
59
ask ~ require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she
did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This job asks a lot of patience
and skill"; "This position demands a lot of personal sacrifice"; "This dinner
calls for a spectacular dessert"; "This intervention does not postulate a
patient's consent"
ask ~ consider obligatory; request and expect; "We require our secretary
to be on time"; "Aren't we asking too much of these children?"; "I expect
my students to arrive in time for their lessons"
ask ~ address a question to and expect an answer from; "Ask your
teacher about trigonometry"; "The children asked me about their dead
grandmother"; "I inquired about their special today"; "He had to ask
directions several times"
ask ~ direct or put; seek an answer to; "ask a question"
ask ~ require or ask for as a price or condition; "He is asking $200 for
the table"; "The kidnappers are asking a million dollars in return for the
release of their hostage"
ask ~ make a request or demand for something to somebody; "She
asked him for a loan"
asperse ~ charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name
and reputation of someone; "The journalists have defamed me!"; "The
article in the paper sullied my reputation"
asphalt ~ cover with tar or asphalt; "asphalt the driveway"
asphyxiate ~ be asphyxiated; die from lack of oxygen; "The child
suffocated under the pillow"
asphyxiate ~ deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing; "Othello
smothered Desdemona with a pillow"; "The child suffocated herself with a
plastic bag that the parents had left on

60
the floor"
asphyxiate ~ impair the respiration of or obstruct the air passage of; "The
foul air was slowly suffocating the children"
aspirate ~ inhale (air, water, etc.)
aspirate ~ remove by suction; "aspirate the wound"
aspirate ~ pronounce with aspiration; of stop sounds
aspire ~ have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal
assail ~ attack someone physically or emotionally; "The mugger
assaulted the woman"; "Nightmares assailed him regularly"
assail ~ launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare
with; "Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World
War II"; "Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week"
assail ~ attack in speech or writing; "The editors of the left-leaning paper
attacked the new House Speaker"
assassinate ~ destroy or damage seriously, as of someone's reputation;
"He assassinated his enemy's character"
assassinate ~ murder; especially of socially prominent persons; "Anwar
Sadat was assassinated because many people did not like his peace
politics with Israel"
assault ~ attack in speech or writing; "The editors of the left-leaning
paper attacked the new House Speaker"
assault ~ force (someone) to have sex against their will; "The woman
was raped on her way home at night"
assault ~ attack someone physically or emotionally; "The mugger
assaulted the woman"; "Nightmares assailed him regularly"

61
assay ~ make an effort or attempt; "He tried to shake off his fears"; "The
infant had essayed a few wobbly steps"; "The police attempted to stop the
thief"; "He sought to improve himself"; "She always seeks to do good in
the world"
assay ~ analyze (chemical substances)
assemble ~ create by putting components or members together; "She
pieced a quilt"; "He tacked together some verses"; "They set up a
committee"
assemble ~ get people together; "assemble your colleagues"; "get
together all those who are interested in the project"; "gather the close
family members"
assemble ~ collect in one place; "We assembled in the church
basement"; "Let's gather in the dining room"
assent ~ to agree or express agreement; "The Maestro assented to the
request for an encore"
assert ~ insist on having one's opinions and rights recognized; "Women
should assert themselves more!"
assert ~ postulate positively and assertively; "The letter asserts a free
society"
assert ~ to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I
swear I am innocent"
assert ~ state categorically
assess ~ set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine)
assess ~ evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or
significance of; "I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional";
"access all the factors when taking a risk"

62
assess ~ estimate the value of (property) for taxation; "Our house hasn't
been assessed in years"
assess ~ charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax
or a fine
asseverate ~ state categorically
assibilate ~ change into a sibilant; "In the syllable /si/, the /s/ sibilates in
Japanese"
assibilate ~ insert a sibilant sound before or after (another sound)
assign ~ transfer one's right to
assign ~ give out; "We were assigned new uniforms"
assign ~ attribute or credit to; "We attributed this quotation to
Shakespeare"; "People impute great cleverness to cats"
assign ~ select something or someone for a specific purpose; "The
teacher assigned him to lead his classmates in the exercise"
assign ~ decide as to where something belongs in a scheme; "The
biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class"
assign ~ attribute or give; "She put too much emphasis on her the last
statement"; "He put all his efforts into this job"; "The teacher put an
interesting twist to the interpretation of the story"
assign ~ make undue claims to having
assign ~ give an assignment to (a person) to a post, or assign a task to
(a person)
assimilate ~ take up mentally; "he absorbed the knowledge or beliefs of
his tribe"
assimilate ~ make similar; "This country assimilates immigrants very
quickly"

63
assimilate ~ become similar to one's environment; "Immigrants often
want to assimilate quickly"
assimilate ~ take (gas, light or heat) into a solution
assimilate ~ become similar in sound; "The nasal assimilates to the
following consonant"
assist ~ work for or be a servant to; "May I serve you?"; "She attends the
old lady in the wheelchair"; "Can you wait on our table, please?"; "Is a
salesperson assisting you?"; "The minister served the King for many
years"
assist ~ act as an assistant in a subordinate or supportive function
assist ~ give help or assistance; be of service; "Everyone helped out
during the earthquake"; "Can you help me carry this table?"; "She never
helps around the house"
associate ~ keep company with; hang out with; "He associates with
strange people"; "She affiliates with her colleagues"
associate ~ make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these
two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot
relate these events at all"
associate ~ bring or come into association or action; "The churches
consociated to fight their dissolution"
assoil ~ pronounce not guilty of criminal charges; "The suspect was
cleared of the murder charges"
assonate ~ correspond in vowel sounds; rhyme in assonance; "The
accented vowels assonated in this poem"
assort ~ arrange or order by classes or categories; "How would you
classify these pottery shards--are they prehistoric?"

64
assort ~ keep company with; hang out with; "He associates with strange
people"; "She affiliates with her colleagues"
assuage ~ satisfy (thirst); "The cold water quenched his thirst"
assuage ~ cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of;
"She managed to mollify the angry customer"
assure ~ cause to feel sure; give reassurance to; "The airline tried to
reassure the customers that the planes were safe"
assure ~ assure somebody of the truth of something with the intention of
giving the listener confidence; "I assured him that traveling to Cambodia
was safe"
assure ~ make a promise or commitment
assure ~ be careful or certain to do something; make certain of
something; "He verified that the valves were closed"; "See that the
curtains are closed"; "control the quality of the product"
asterisk ~ mark with an asterisk; "Linguists star unacceptable sentences"
astonish ~ affect with wonder; "Your ability to speak six languages
amazes me!"
astound ~ affect with wonder; "Your ability to speak six languages
amazes me!"
astringe ~ constrict or bind or draw together; "Lemon juice astringes the
tissue in the mouth"
astringe ~ become constricted or compressed; "The cold substance
astringes"
astrogate ~ guide in interplanetary travel
astrogate ~ navigate in space

65
arrive at ~ reach a destination, either real or abstract; "We hit Detroit by
noon"; "The water reached the doorstep"; "We barely made it to the finish
line"; "I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts"
atomise ~ break up into small particles; "the fine powder had been
atomized by air"
atomise ~ spray very finely; "atomize perfume"
atomise ~ strike at with firepower or bombs; "zap the enemy"
atomize ~ spray very finely; "atomize perfume"
atomize ~ strike at with firepower or bombs; "zap the enemy"
atomize ~ break up into small particles; "the fine powder had been
atomized by air"
atone ~ make amends for; "expiate one's sins"
atone ~ turn away from sin or do penitence
atrophy ~ undergo atrophy; "Muscles that are not used will atrophy"
attach ~ take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority;
"The FBI seized the drugs"; "The customs agents impounded the illegal
shipment"; "The police confiscated the stolen artwork"
attach ~ become attached; "The spider's thread attached to the window
sill"
attach ~ create social or emotional ties; "The grandparents want to bond
with the child"
attach ~ be attached; be in contact with
attach ~ cause to be attached
attack ~ begin to injure; "The cancer cells are attacking his liver"; "Rust is
attacking the metal"

66
attack ~ attack someone physically or emotionally; "The mugger
assaulted the woman"; "Nightmares assailed him regularly"
attack ~ take the initiative and go on the offensive; "The Serbs attacked
the village at night"; "The visiting team started to attack"
attack ~ attack in speech or writing; "The editors of the left-leaning paper
attacked the new House Speaker"
attack ~ set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task; "I
attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed"
attack ~ launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare
with; "Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World
War II"; "Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week"
attain ~ find unexpectedly; "the archeologists chanced upon an old
tomb"; "she struck a goldmine"; "The hikers finally struck the main path to
the lake"
attain ~ reach a destination, either real or abstract; "We hit Detroit by
noon"; "The water reached the doorstep"; "We barely made it to the finish
line"; "I have to hit the MAC machine before the weekend starts"
attain ~ reach a point in time, or a certain state or level; "The
thermometer hit 100 degrees"; "This car can reach a speed of 140 miles
per hour"
attain ~ to gain with effort; "she achieved her goal despite setbacks"
attaint ~ bring shame or dishonor upon; "he dishonored his family by
committing a serious crime"
attaint ~ condemn by attainder; "the man was attainted"
attemper ~ modify the temperature of; "attemper the air"
attempt ~ make an effort or attempt; "He tried to shake off his fears";
"The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps"; "The police attempted to
67
stop the thief"; "He sought to improve himself"; "She always seeks to do
good in the world"
attempt ~ enter upon an activity or enterprise
attend ~ work for or be a servant to; "May I serve you?"; "She attends
the old lady in the wheelchair"; "Can you wait on our table, please?"; "Is a
salesperson assisting you?"; "The minister served the King for many
years"
attend ~ to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result;
"Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation"
attend ~ take charge of or deal with; "Could you see about lunch?"; "I
must attend to this matter"; "She took care of this business"
attend ~ give heed (to); "The children in the audience attended the
recital quietly"; "She hung on his every word"; "They attended to
everything he said"
attend ~ be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.; "She
attends class regularly"; "I rarely attend services at my church"; "did you
go to the meeting?"
attenuate ~ become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude
attenuate ~ weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance)
attest ~ give testimony in a court of law
attest ~ provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior,
attitude, or external attributes; "His high fever attested to his illness"; "The
buildings in Rome manifest a high level of architectural sophistication";
"This decision demonstrates his sense of fairness"
attest ~ establish or verify the usage of; "This word is not attested until
1993"

68
attest ~ authenticate, affirm to be true, genuine, or correct, as in an
official capacity; "I attest this signature"
attire ~ put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and
attractive; "She never dresses up, even when she goes to the opera";
"The young girls were all fancied up for the party"
attitudinise ~ assume certain affected attitudes
attitudinize ~ assume certain affected attitudes
attorn ~ acknowledge a new land owner as one's landlord; "he was
attorned by the tenants"
attract ~ direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological
power or physical attributes; "Her good looks attract the stares of many
men"; "The ad pulled in many potential customers"; "This pianist pulls
huge crowds"; "The store owner was happy that the ad drew in many new
customers"
attract ~ be attractive to; "The idea of a vacation appeals to me"; "The
beautiful garden attracted many people"
attract ~ exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it
from moving away; "the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies"
attribute ~ attribute or credit to; "We attributed this quotation to
Shakespeare"; "People impute great cleverness to cats"
attribute ~ decide as to where something belongs in a scheme; "The
biologist assigned the mushroom to the proper class"
attune ~ adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with
auction ~ sell at an auction
auctioneer ~ sell at an auction

69
audit ~ examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification;
"audit accounts and tax returns"
audit ~ attend academic courses without getting credit
audition ~ perform in order to get a role; "She auditioned for a role on
Broadway"
augment ~ grow or intensify; "The pressure augmented"
augment ~ enlarge or increase; "The recent speech of the president
augmented tensions in the Near East"
augur ~ indicate, as with a sign or an omen; "These signs bode bad
news"
augur ~ predict from an omen
aurify ~ turn golden, transform into gold
auscultate ~ examine by auscultation
auspicate ~ commence in a manner calculated to bring good luck; "They
auspicated the trip with a bottle of champagne"
auspicate ~ indicate, as with a sign or an omen; "These signs bode bad
news"
authenticate ~ establish the authenticity of something
author ~ be the author of; "She authored this play"
authorise ~ grant authorization or clearance for; "Clear the manuscript
for publication"; "The rock star never authorized this slanderous
biography"
authorise ~ give or delegate power or authority to; "She authorized her
assistant to sign the papers"
authorize ~ give or delegate power or authority to; "She authorized her
assistant to sign the papers"
70
authorize ~ grant authorization or clearance for; "Clear the manuscript
for publication"; "The rock star never authorized this slanderous
biography"
autoclave ~ subject to the action of an autoclave
autograph ~ mark with one's signature; "The author autographed his
book"
avoid ~ refrain from certain foods or beverages; "I keep off drugs";
"During Ramadan, Muslims avoid tobacco during the day"
avoid ~ refrain from doing something; "She refrains from calling her
therapist too often"; "He should avoid publishing his wife's memories"
avoid ~ declare invalid; "The contract was annulled"; "void a plea"
avoid ~ prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening; "Let's avoid
a confrontation"; "head off a confrontation"; "avert a strike"
avouch ~ admit openly and bluntly; make no bones about
avow ~ to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true; "Before God I
swear I am innocent"
avow ~ admit openly and bluntly; make no bones about
avulse ~ separate by avulsion
await ~ look forward to the probable occurrence of; "We were expecting
a visit from our relatives"; "She is looking to a promotion"; "he is waiting to
be drafted"
atom-bomb ~ bomb with atomic weapons
abide by ~ act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or
wishes; "He complied with my instructions"; "You must comply or else!";
"Follow these simple rules"; "abide by the rules"
abide by ~ show respect towards; "honor your parents!"

71
air-condition ~ equip with an apparatus for controlling the humidity and
temperature; "Our house is not air-conditioned"
air-condition ~ control the humidity and temperature of; "The room was
cool because it had been air-conditioned"
air-cool ~ equip with an apparatus for controlling the humidity and
temperature; "Our house is not air-conditioned"
air-drop ~ drop (an object) from the air; unload from a plane or helicopter
about-face ~ change one's mind and assume the opposite viewpoint
about-face ~ turn, usually 180 degrees
answer for ~ furnish a justifying analysis or explanation; "I can't account
for the missing money"
allow for ~ make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be
attainable or cause to remain; "This leaves no room for improvement";
"The evidence allows only one conclusion"; "allow for mistakes"; "leave
lots of time for the trip"; "This procedure provides for lots of leeway"
ask for ~ express the need or desire for; "She requested an extra bed in
her room"; "She called for room service"; "when you call, always ask for
Mary"
ask for ~ increase the likelihood of; "ask for trouble"; "invite criticism"
account for ~ be the reason or explanation for; "The recession accounts
for the slow retail business"
account for ~ give reasons for; "Can you account for all these
absences?"
air-freight ~ transport (cargo) by air
allow in ~ allow to enter; grant entry to; "We cannot admit non-members
into our club building"; "This pipe admits air"

72
ask in ~ ask to enter; "We invited the neighbors in for a cup of coffee"
abound in ~ exist in large quantity
act involuntarily ~ act in an uncontrolled manner
ask for it ~ persist with actions or an attitude despite the probability that it
will cause trouble; "He is asking for trouble with his behavior"
ad-lib ~ perform without preparation; "he extemporized a speech at the
wedding"
auction off ~ sell at an auction
add on ~ make an addition; "Let's add on to this"
act on ~ regulate one's behavior in accordance with certain information,
ideas, or advice; "The Founding Fathers acted on certain moral principles"
act on ~ carry further or advance; "Can you act on this matter soon?"
add on ~ add to the very end; "He appended a glossary to his novel
where he used an invented language"
assert oneself ~ put oneself forward in an assertive and insistent manner
air out ~ expose to fresh air; "aerate your old sneakers"
air out ~ expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen; "air the old
winter clothes"; "air out the smoke-filled rooms"
act out ~ represent an incident, state, or emotion by action, especially on
stage; "She could act neurotic anxiety"
act out ~ act out; represent or perform as if in a play; "She reenacted
what had happened earlier that day"
ask out ~ make a date; "Has he asked you out yet?" "He asekd me to a
dance"
arch over ~ form an arch over; "Big rocks overarch the stream"

73
ask over ~ invite someone to one's house; "Can I invite you for dinner on
Sunday night?"
angle-park ~ park at an angle
act reflexively ~ act in an uncontrolled manner
ask round ~ invite someone to one's house; "Can I invite you for dinner
on Sunday night?"
air-ship ~ transport (cargo) by air
air-slake ~ alter by exposure to air with conversion at least in part to a
carbonate; "air-slake lime"
act superior ~ act like the master of; "He is lording it over the students"
add to ~ have an increased effect; "This adds to my worries"
attend to ~ work for or be a servant to; "May I serve you?"; "She attends
the old lady in the wheelchair"; "Can you wait on our table, please?"; "Is a
salesperson assisting you?"; "The minister served the King for many
years"
attend to ~ get down to; pay attention to; take seriously; "Attend to your
duties, please"
attach to ~ be part of; "This problem inheres in the design"
attach to ~ be present or associated with an event or entity; "French fries
come with the hamburger"; "heart attacks are accompanied by distruction
of heart tissue"; "fish usually goes with white wine"; "this kind of vein
accompanies certain arteries"
add together ~ make an addition by combining numbers; "Add 27 and
49, please!"
add together ~ determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to
those of the neighboring town"

74
ask for trouble ~ persist with actions or an attitude despite the probability
that it will cause trouble; "He is asking for trouble with his behavior"
add up ~ determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those
of the neighboring town"
add up ~ develop into; "This idea will never amount to anything";
"nothing came of his grandiose plans"
act up ~ make itself felt as a recurring pain; "My arthritis is acting up
again"
ante up ~ cancel or discharge a debt; "pay up, please!"
act up ~ misbehave badly; act in a silly or improper way; "The children
acted up when they were not bored"
add up ~ add up in number or quantity; "The bills amounted to $2,000";
"The bill came to $2,000"
add up ~ be reasonable or logical or comprehensible
act upon ~ have and exert influence or effect; "The artist's work
influenced the young painter"; "She worked on her friends to support the
political candidate"
acid-wash ~ wash with acid so as to achieve a bleached look; "acid-
wash blue jeans"
ally with ~ unite formally; of interest groups or countries
========================================================

75
 Transitive Verbs Starting with A
Abacinate (v. t.) To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.

Abalienate (v. t.) To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.

Abalienate (v. t.) To estrange; to withdraw.

Abalienate (v. t.) To cause alienation of (mind).

Aband (v. t.) To abandon.

Aband (v. t.) To banish; to expel.

Abandon (v. t.) To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.

Abandon (v. t.) To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce

utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a
person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender.

Abandon (v. t.) Reflexively: To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-
control; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly; -- often in a bad sense.

76
Abandon (v. t.) To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person
gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy,
which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against.

Abash (v. t.) To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as

by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put
to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.

Abate (v. t.) To beat down; to overthrow.

Abate (v. t.) To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state,
number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; to cut
short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope.

Abate (v. t.) To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price.

Abate (v. t.) To blunt.

Abate (v. t.) To reduce in estimation; to deprive.

Abate (v. t.) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; as,
to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ.

Abate (v. t.) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated

entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets.

77
Abate (v. t.) To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain
abates, a storm abates.

Abate (v. t.) To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as,
a writ abates.

Abbreviate (v. t.) To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by

contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken.

Abbreviate (v. t.) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.

Abdicate (v. t.) To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to

withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station,
dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy.

Abdicate (v. t.) To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust,

duty, right, etc.

Abdicate (v. t.) To reject; to cast off.

Abdicate (v. t.) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child;
to disown; to disinherit.

78
Abduce (v. t.) To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different
part.

Abduct (v. t.) To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a

human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.

Abduct (v. t.) To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary
position.

Abear (v. t.) To bear; to behave.

Abear (v. t.) To put up with; to endure.

Aberuncate (v. t.) To weed out.

Abet (v. t.) To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a

bad sense of persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to abet one in his
wicked courses; to abet vice; to abet an insurrection.

Abet (v. t.) To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense.

Abet (v. t.) To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission

of an offense.

79
Abhor (v. t.) To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or
detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity;
to loathe.

Abhor (v. t.) To fill with horror or disgust.

Abhor (v. t.) To protest against; to reject solemnly.

Abide (v. t.) To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I
abide my time.

Abide (v. t.) To endure; to sustain; to submit to.

Abide (v. t.) To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.

Abide (v. t.) To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.

Abirritate (v. t.) To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.

Abjudge (v. t.) To take away by judicial decision.

Abjudicate (v. t.) To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge.

Abjugate (v. t.) To unyoke.

80
Abjure (v. t.) To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; as, to
abjure allegiance to a prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to abandon
it forever.

Abjure (v. t.) To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon

forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to abjure errors.

Ablactate (v. t.) To wean.

Ablaqueate (v. t.) To lay bare, as the roots of a tree.

Ablegate (v. t.) To send abroad.

Abligate (v. t.) To tie up so as to hinder from.

Ablude (v. t.) To be unlike; to differ.

Abnegate (v. t.) To deny and reject; to abjure.

Abnodate (v. t.) To clear (tress) from knots.

Abode (v. t.) An omen.

81
Abode (v. t.) To bode; to foreshow.

Abolish (v. t.) To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; -- said of
laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; as, to abolish slavery, to
abolish folly.

Abolish (v. t.) To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe
out.

Abolitionize (v. t.) To imbue with the principles of abolitionism.

Abominate (v. t.) To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree,
as if with religious dread; loathe; as, to abominate all impiety.

Abord (v. t.) To approach; to accost.

Abrade (v. t.) To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to
abrade rocks.

Abrade (v. t.) Same as Abraid.

Abregge (v. t.) See Abridge.

Abrenounce (v. t.) To renounce.

82
Abridge (v. t.) To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to
diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights.

Abridge (v. t.) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining
the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to abridge a history or
dictionary.

Abridge (v. t.) To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by of, and formerly by
from; as, to abridge one of his rights.

Abroach (v. t.) To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap.

Abrogate (v. t.) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority

of the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws,
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.

Abrogate (v. t.) To put an end to; to do away with.

Abrook (v. t.) To brook; to endure.

Abrupt (v. t.) To tear off or asunder.

Abscind (v. t.) To cut off.

83
Abscond (v. t.) To hide; to conceal.

Absent (v. t.) To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to

prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.

Absent (v. t.) To withhold from being present.

Absinthiate (v. t.) To impregnate with wormwood.

Absolve (v. t.) To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or
responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would
be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as, to absolve a subject from
his allegiance; to absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and
remission of his punishment.

Absolve (v. t.) To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of
the sin or guilt.

Absolve (v. t.) To finish; to accomplish.

Absolve (v. t.) To resolve or explain.

Absorb (v. t.) To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to

disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include.

84
Absorb (v. t.) To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the
lacteals of the body.

Absorb (v. t.) To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; as, absorbed
in study or the pursuit of wealth.

Absorb (v. t.) To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action,

as when charcoal absorbs gases. So heat, light, and electricity are
absorbed or taken up in the substances into which they pass.

Abstain (v. t.) To hinder; to withhold.

Absterge (v. t.) To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse;

hence, to purge.

Absterse (v. t.) To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away.

Abstract (v. t.) To perform the process of abstraction.

Abstringe (v. t.) To unbind.

Abstrude (v. t.) To thrust away.

Absume (v. t.) To consume gradually; to waste away.

85
Abuse (v. t.) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad
use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited
gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's authority.

Abuse (v. t.) To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax
excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's
patience.

Abuse (v. t.) To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage.

Abuse (v. t.) To dishonor.

Abuse (v. t.) To violate; to ravish.

Abuse (v. t.) To deceive; to impose on.

Abuse (v. t.) Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad

purpose; misuse; as, an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil
rights, or of privileges or advantages; an abuse of language.

Abuse (v. t.) Physical ill treatment; injury.

Abuse (v. t.) A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; as, the
abuses in the civil service.

86
Abuse (v. t.) Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive
language; virulent condemnation; reviling.

Abuse (v. t.) Violation; rape; as, abuse of a female child.

Abusion (v. t.) Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception;
cheat.

Accelerate (v. t.) To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add
to the speed of; -- opposed to retard.

Accelerate (v. t.) To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or

process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth,
etc.

Accelerate (v. t.) To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as, to

accelerate our departure.

Accend (v. t.) To set on fire; to kindle.

Accent (v. t.) To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark);
to utter or to mark with accent.

Accent (v. t.) To mark emphatically; to emphasize.

87
Accentuate (v. t.) To pronounce with an accent or with accents.

Accentuate (v. t.) To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to

emphasize.

Accentuate (v. t.) To mark with the written accent.

Accept (v. t.) To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as,
to accept a gift; -- often followed by of.

Accept (v. t.) To receive with favor; to approve.

Accept (v. t.) To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; as, I accept
your proposal, amendment, or excuse.

Accept (v. t.) To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these
words to be accepted?

Accept (v. t.) To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; as, to accept a
bill of exchange.

Accept (v. t.) In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty

imposed; as, to accept the report of a committee. [This makes it the
property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.]

88
Accite (v. t.) To cite; to summon.

Acclaim (v. t.) To applaud.

Acclaim (v. t.) To declare by acclamations.

Acclaim (v. t.) To shout; as, to acclaim my joy.

Acclimate (v. t.) To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.

Acclimatize (v. t.) To inure or habituate to a climate different from that

which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange
climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.

Accloy (v. t.) To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to burden.
See Cloy.

Accoil (v. t.) To gather together; to collect.

Accoil (v. t.) To coil together.

Accommodate (v. t.) To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to

conform; as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances.

89
Accommodate (v. t.) To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to
compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to accommodate differences, a dispute,
etc.

Accommodate (v. t.) To furnish with something desired, needed, or

convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate a friend with a loan or
with lodgings.

Accommodate (v. t.) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make

suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances,
statements to facts, etc.; as, to accommodate prophecy to events.

Accompany (v. t.) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to

keep company with; to go along with; -- followed by with or by; as, he
accompanied his speech with a bow.

Accompany (v. t.) To cohabit with.

Accomplish (v. t.) To complete, as time or distance.

Accomplish (v. t.) To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform;

to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to accomplish a design, an object, a promise.

Accomplish (v. t.) To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in

acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.
90
Accomplish (v. t.) To gain; to obtain.

Accord (v. t.) Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action;

harmony of mind; consent; assent.

Accord (v. t.) Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord;
as, the accord of tones.

Accord (v. t.) Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; as,

the accord of light and shade in painting.

Accord (v. t.) Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; --

preceded by own; as, of one's own accord.

Accord (v. t.) An agreement between parties in controversy, by which

satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a
suit.

Accord (v. t.) To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to

another; to adjust; -- followed by to.

Accord (v. t.) To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle,

adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; as, to accord suits or
controversies.

91
Accord (v. t.) To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; as, to
accord to one due praise.

Accorporate (v. t.) To unite; to attach; to incorporate.

Accost (v. t.) To join side to side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast
or side of.

Accost (v. t.) To approach; to make up to.

Accost (v. t.) To speak to first; to address; to greet.

Account (v. t.) To reckon; to compute; to count.

Account (v. t.) To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign;
-- with to.

Account (v. t.) To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider;

to deem.

Account (v. t.) To recount; to relate.

Accouple (v. t.) To join; to couple.

92
Accourage (v. t.) To encourage.

Accourt (v. t.) To treat courteously; to court.

Accouter (v. t.) Alt. of Accoutre

Accoutre (v. t.) To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for
military service; to equip; to attire; to array.

Accoy (v. t.) To render quiet; to soothe.

Accoy (v. t.) To subdue; to tame; to daunt.

Accredit (v. t.) To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority;
to sanction.

Accredit (v. t.) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy,

or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.

Accredit (v. t.) To believe; to credit; to put trust in.

Accredit (v. t.) To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing
something, or (something) as belonging to some one.

93
Accrete (v. t.) To make adhere; to add.

Accriminate (v. t.) To accuse of a crime.

Accroach (v. t.) To hook, or draw to one's self as with a hook.

Accroach (v. t.) To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives.

Accumber (v. t.) To encumber.

Accumulate (v. t.) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring

together; to amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money.

Accurse (v. t.) To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon;

to curse; to execrate; to anathematize.

Accuse (v. t.) To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or

offense

Accuse (v. t.) to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; -

- with of; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.

Accuse (v. t.) To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure.

94
Accuse (v. t.) To betray; to show. [L.]

Accustom (v. t.) To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or

inure; -- with to.

Acerbate (v. t.) To sour; to imbitter; to irritate.

Acervate (v. t.) To heap up.

Acetify (v. t.) To convert into acid or vinegar.

Achieve (v. t.) To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected
state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a feat, an exploit, an
enterprise.

Achieve (v. t.) To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in

gaining; to win.

Achieve (v. t.) To finish; to kill.

Achromatize (v. t.) To deprive of color; to make achromatic.

Acidify (v. t.) To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to acidify sugar.

95
Acidify (v. t.) To sour; to imbitter.

Acidulate (v. t.) To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour

somewhat.

Acknow (v. t.) To recognize.

Acknow (v. t.) To acknowledge; to confess.

Acknowledge (v. t.) To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a

fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the being of a
God.

Acknowledge (v. t.) To own or recognize in a particular character or

relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.

Acknowledge (v. t.) To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation;

as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt of a letter.

Acknowledge (v. t.) To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal

instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form; as, to
acknowledgea deed.

Acquaint (v. t.) Acquainted.

96
Acquaint (v. t.) To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make
(one) to know; to make familiar; -- followed by with.

Acquaint (v. t.) To communicate notice to; to inform; to make cognizant; --

followed by with (formerly, also, by of), or by that, introducing the
intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the particulars of an act.

Acquaint (v. t.) To familiarize; to accustom.

Acquiet (v. t.) To quiet.

Acquire (v. t.) To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's
own; as, to acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad habits.

Acquit (v. t.) To discharge, as a claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to
requite.

Acquit (v. t.) To pay for; to atone for.

Acquit (v. t.) To set free, release or discharge from an obligation, duty,
liability, burden, or from an accusation or charge; -- now followed by of
before the charge, formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted the prisoner; we
acquit a man of evil intentions.

97
Acquit (v. t.) To clear one's self.

Acquit (v. t.) To bear or conduct one's self; to perform one's part; as, the
soldier acquitted himself well in battle; the orator acquitted himself very
poorly.

Acquittance (v. t.) To acquit.

Acrase (v. t.) Alt. of Acraze

Acraze (v. t.) To craze.

Acraze (v. t.) To impair; to destroy.

Act (v. t.) To move to action; to actuate; to animate.

Act (v. t.) To perform; to execute; to do.

Act (v. t.) To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage.

Act (v. t.) To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; as,
to act the hero.

Act (v. t.) To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.

98
Activate (v. t.) To make active.

Actualize (v. t.) To make actual; to realize in action.

Actuate (v. t.) To put into action or motion; to move or incite to action; to
influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more commonly used of
persons.

Actuate (v. t.) To carry out in practice; to perform.

Acuate (v. t.) To sharpen; to make pungent; to quicken.

Acuminate (v. t.) To render sharp or keen.

Acupuncture (v. t.) To treat with acupuncture.

Acute (v. t.) To give an acute sound to; as, he acutes his rising inflection
too much.

Adact (v. t.) To compel; to drive.

Adapt (v. t.) To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit
for a new use; -- sometimes followed by to or for.

99
Adaunt (v. t.) To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate.

Adaw (v. t.) To subdue; to daunt.

Add (v. t.) To give by way of increased possession (to any one); to bestow
(on).

Add (v. t.) To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several

particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge
the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to
put together mentally; as, to add numbers; to add up a column.

Add (v. t.) To append, as a statement; to say further.

Addeem (v. t.) To award; to adjudge.

Addict (v. t.) To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with to.

Addict (v. t.) To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.

Addoom (v. t.) To adjudge.

Address (v. t.) Act of preparing one's self.

100
Address (v. t.) Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal application.

Address (v. t.) A formal communication, either written or spoken; a

discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a petition; a formal
statement on some subject or special occasion; as, an address of thanks,
an address to the voters.

Address (v. t.) Direction or superscription of a letter, or the name, title, and
place of residence of the person addressed.

Address (v. t.) Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as, a man of

pleasing or insinuating address.

Address (v. t.) Attention in the way one's addresses to a lady.

Address (v. t.) Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness.

Adduce (v. t.) To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or

consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.

Adduct (v. t.) To draw towards a common center or a middle

Addulce (v. t.) To sweeten; to soothe.

101
Adeem (v. t.) To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some
other gift.

Adhibit (v. t.) To admit, as a person or thing; to take in.

Adhibit (v. t.) To use or apply; to administer.

Adhibit (v. t.) To attach; to affix.

Adhort (v. t.) To exhort; to advise.

Adight (v. t.) To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress.

Adipocerate (v. t.) To convert into adipocere.

Adject (v. t.) To add or annex; to join.

Adjective (v. t.) To make an adjective of; to form or change into an

adjective.

Adjoin (v. t.) To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with;
to attach; to append.

102
Adjourn (v. t.) To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to
postpone; to close or suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the
meeting, or the action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the meeting; to
adjourn a debate.

Adjudge (v. t.) To award judicially in the case of a controverted question;

as, the prize was adjudged to the victor.

Adjudge (v. t.) To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or

award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case was adjudged in the
November term.

Adjudge (v. t.) To sentence; to condemn.

Adjudge (v. t.) To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.

Adjudicate (v. t.) To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by

judicial decree.

Adjugate (v. t.) To yoke to.

Adjure (v. t.) To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or

under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or
impressive manner; to entreat earnestly.

103
Adjust (v. t.) To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable;
to bring into proper relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or things
to a standard.

Adjust (v. t.) To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system.

Adjust (v. t.) To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are
agreed in the result; as, to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted.

Adjust (v. t.) To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an

instrument; to regulate for use; as, to adjust a telescope or microscope.

Adjute (v. t.) To add.

Admarginate (v. t.) To write in the margin.

Admeasure (v. t.) To measure.

Admeasure (v. t.) To determine the proper share of, or the proper
apportionment; as, to admeasure dower; to admeasure common of
pasture.

Admeasure (v. t.) The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.

104
Admeasure (v. t.) Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or
ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This
was by writ of admeasurement, directed to the sheriff.

Administer (v. t.) To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or

superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as, to administer the
government or the state.

Administer (v. t.) To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to

administer relief, to administer the sacrament.

Administer (v. t.) To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or

something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a reproof, etc.

Administer (v. t.) To tender, as an oath.

Administer (v. t.) To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or
whose will fails of an executor.

Administrate (v. t.) To administer.

Admire (v. t.) To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with

surprise; to marvel at.

105
Admire (v. t.) To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an
elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation,
esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; as, to admire a
person of high moral worth, to admire a landscape.

Admit (v. t.) To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or
into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his
house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to admit evidence in the
trial of a cause.

Admit (v. t.) To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket admits one into a
playhouse.

Admit (v. t.) To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to

recognize as qualified for a franchise; as, to admit an attorney to practice
law; the prisoner was admitted to bail.

Admit (v. t.) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an

allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; as, the
argument or fact is admitted; he admitted his guilt.

Admit (v. t.) To be capable of; to permit; as, the words do not admit such a
construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or may be
omitted.

Admix (v. t.) To mingle with something else; to mix.

106
Admonish (v. t.) To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but
seriously; to exhort.

Admonish (v. t.) To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise;

to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by of, against, or a
subordinate clause.

Admonish (v. t.) To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify.

Admove (v. t.) To move or conduct to or toward.

Adonize (v. t.) To beautify; to dandify.

Adopt (v. t.) To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend,
citizen, etc.; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the
place of, or as, one's own child.

Adopt (v. t.) To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to
select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of another;
these resolutions were adopted.

Adore (v. t.) To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to;
to honor as deity or as divine.

107
Adore (v. t.) To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost
esteem and affection; to idolize.

Adore (v. t.) To adorn.

Adorn (v. t.) To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to
advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.

Adpress (v. t.) See Appressed.

Adrogate (v. t.) To adopt (a person who is his own master).

Adsignify (v. t.) To denote additionally.

Adulate (v. t.) To flatter in a servile way.

Adulterate (v. t.) To defile by adultery.

Adulterate (v. t.) To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a

foreign or a baser substance; as, to adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin,
etc.

Adumbrate (v. t.) To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to out

108
Adumbrate (v. t.) To overshadow; to shade.

Adure (v. t.) To burn up.

Advance (v. t.) To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to
make to go on.

Advance (v. t.) To raise; to elevate.

Advance (v. t.) To raise to a higher rank; to promote.

Advance (v. t.) To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to

forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to advance the ripening of fruit;
to advance one's interests.

Advance (v. t.) To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; as,
to advance an argument.

Advance (v. t.) To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.

Advance (v. t.) To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes

due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; as, a merchant
advances money on a contract or on goods consigned to him.

109
Advance (v. t.) To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; as,
to advance the price of goods.

Advance (v. t.) To extol; to laud.

Advancement (v. t.) The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced;
progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or
dignity; as, the advancement of learning.

Advancement (v. t.) An advance of money or value; payment in advance.

See Advance, 5.

Advancement (v. t.) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in

advance of a future distribution.

Advancement (v. t.) Settlement on a wife, or jointure.

Advantage (v. t.) To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to

benefit; to profit.

Adverbialize (v. t.) To give the force or form of an adverb to.

Adverse (v. t.) To oppose; to resist.

110
Advertise (v. t.) To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make
known; hence, to warn; -- often followed by of before the subject of
information; as, to advertise a man of his loss.

Advertise (v. t.) To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a
printed notice; as, to advertise goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing day
of a vessel, a political meeting.

Advise (v. t.) To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient
to be followed; to counsel; to warn.

Advise (v. t.) To give information or notice to; to inform; -- with of before
the thing communicated; as, we were advised of the risk.

Advise (v. t.) To consider; to deliberate.

Advise (v. t.) To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by with; as, to advise
with friends.

Advoke (v. t.) To summon; to call.

Adz (v. t.) To cut with an adz.

Aerate (v. t.) To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid
gas, formerly called fixed air.

111
Aerate (v. t.) To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to aerate soil;
to aerate water.

Aerate (v. t.) To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the
blood) by respiration; to arterialize.

Aerify (v. t.) To infuse air into; to combine air with.

Aerify (v. t.) To change into an aeriform state.

Affatuate (v. t.) To infatuate.

Affear (v. t.) To frighten.

Affect (v. t.) To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.

Affect (v. t.) To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch.

Affect (v. t.) To love; to regard with affection.

Affect (v. t.) To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose;
hence, to frequent habitually.

112
Affect (v. t.) To dispose or inc

Affect (v. t.) To aim at; to aspire; to covet.

Affect (v. t.) To tend to by affinity or disposition.

Affect (v. t.) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to
assume; as, to affect ignorance.

Affect (v. t.) To assign; to appoint.

Affeer (v. t.) To confirm; to assure.

Affeer (v. t.) To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement,

to a certain and reasonable sum.

Affiance (v. t.) To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or

solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage.

Affiance (v. t.) To assure by promise.

Affile (v. t.) To polish.

113
Affiliate (v. t.) To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring
or receive into close connection; to ally.

Affiliate (v. t.) To fix the paternity of; -- said of an illegitimate child; as, to
affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another.

Affiliate (v. t.) To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to.

Affiliate (v. t.) To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a
member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by to or
with.

Affine (v. t.) To refine.

Affirm (v. t.) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought

before an appellate court for review.

Affirm (v. t.) To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to

maintain as true; -- opposed to deny.

Affirm (v. t.) To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See
Affirmation, 4.

114
Affix (v. t.) To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to
fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an
instrument; to affix one's name to a writing.

Affix (v. t.) To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically.

Affix (v. t.) To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or
ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or
blame to any one.

Affix (v. t.) To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with on or upon; as, eyes affixed
upon the ground.

Afflict (v. t.) To strike or cast down; to overthrow.

Afflict (v. t.) To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued
pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment.

Afflict (v. t.) To make low or humble.

Afforce (v. t.) To reenforce; to strengthen.

Afford (v. t.) To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural
result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth
affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish.

115
Afford (v. t.) To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being
the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords consolation
in old age.

Afford (v. t.) To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending,

with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his goods
cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity.

Afford (v. t.) To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act
which might under other circumstances be injurious; -- with an auxiliary,
as can, could, might, etc.; to be able or rich enough.

Afforest (v. t.) To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country.

Affranchise (v. t.) To make free; to enfranchise.

Affray (v. t.) To startle from quiet; to alarm.

Affray (v. t.) To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.

Affray (v. t.) The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.

Affray (v. t.) Alarm; terror; fright.

116
Affray (v. t.) A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray.

Affray (v. t.) The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the
terror of others.

Affreight (v. t.) To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.

Affright (v. t.) To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.

Affrighten (v. t.) To frighten.

Affront (v. t.) To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to

face.

Affront (v. t.) To face in defiance; to confront; as, to affront death; hence,
to meet in hostile encounter.

Affront (v. t.) To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to

the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility.

Affuse (v. t.) To pour out or upon.

Affy (v. t.) To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust.

117
Affy (v. t.) To betroth or espouse; to affiance.

Affy (v. t.) To bind in faith.

Africanize (v. t.) To place under the domination of Africans or negroes.

Aftereye (v. t.) To look after.

Againbuy (v. t.) To redeem.

Againsay (v. t.) To gainsay.

Againstand (v. t.) To withstand.

Agast (v. t.) Alt. of Aghast

Aghast (v. t.) To affright; to terrify.

Agatize (v. t.) To convert into agate; to make resemble agate.

Age (v. t.) To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as,
grief ages us.

118
Aggerate (v. t.) To heap up.

Aggest (v. t.) To heap up.

Agglomerate (v. t.) To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a
mass or anything like a mass.

Agglutinate (v. t.) To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other

viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.

Aggrace (v. t.) To favor; to grace.

Aggrandize (v. t.) To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to

aggrandize our conceptions, authority, distress.

Aggrandize (v. t.) To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or

wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.

Aggrandize (v. t.) To make appear great or greater; to exalt.

Aggravate (v. t.) To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase.

Aggravate (v. t.) To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable
or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify.

119
Aggravate (v. t.) To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; as, to
aggravate circumstances.

Aggravate (v. t.) To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.

Aggregate (v. t.) To bring together; to collect into a mass or sum. "The
aggregated soil."

Aggregate (v. t.) To add or unite, as, a person, to an association.

Aggregate (v. t.) To amount in the aggregate to; as, ten loads,
aggregating five hundred bushels.

Aggrege (v. t.) To make heavy; to aggravate.

Aggress (v. t.) To set upon; to attack.

Aggrieve (v. t.) To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or
injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the
passive TO be aggrieved.

Aggroup (v. t.) To bring together in a group; to group.

120
Aghast (v. t.) See Agast, v. t.

Agist (v. t.) To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used originally
of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and collecting the money for
the same.

Agitate (v. t.) To move with a violent, irregular action; as, the wind agitates
the sea; to agitate water in a vessel.

Agitate (v. t.) To move or actuate.

Agitate (v. t.) To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; as, he was greatly
agitated.

Agitate (v. t.) To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; as, a

controversy hotly agitated.

Agitate (v. t.) To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive
busily; to devise; to plot; as, politicians agitate desperate designs.

Agnize (v. t.) To recognize; to acknowledge.

Agnominate (v. t.) To name.

121
Agonize (v. t.) To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to
torture.

Agrarianize (v. t.) To distribute according to, or to imbue with, the

principles of agrarianism.

Agree (v. t.) To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.

Agree (v. t.) To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to

arrange; as, to agree the fact; to agree differences.

Agrise (v. t.) To shudder at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe.

Agrise (v. t.) To terrify; to affright.

Ague (v. t.) To strike with an ague, or with a cold fit.

Aguilt (v. t.) To be guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.

Aguise (v. t.) To dress; to attire; to adorn.

Aid (v. t.) To support, either by furnishing strength or means in

cooperation to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to
assist.

122
Aid (v. t.) Help; succor; assistance; relief.

Aid (v. t.) The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a
helper; an assistant.

Aid (v. t.) A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer
loan.

Aid (v. t.) A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special
occasions.

Aid (v. t.) An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid.

Ail (v. t.) To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to
trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness or
affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man? I know not
what ails him.

Aim (v. t.) To direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct,

as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to
aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (at something); to aim a satire
or a reflection (at some person or vice).

Alacrify (v. t.) To rouse to action; to inspirit.

123
Alarm (v. t.) To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of
approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert.

Alarm (v. t.) To keep in excitement; to disturb.

Alarm (v. t.) To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in
regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.

Albumenize (v. t.) To cover or saturate with albumen; to coat or treat with
an albuminous solution; as, to albumenize paper.

Alchemize (v. t.) To change by alchemy; to transmute.

Alcoholize (v. t.) To reduce to a fine powder.

Alcoholize (v. t.) To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to saturate with
alcohol.

Alegge (v. t.) To allay or alleviate; to lighten.

Algebraize (v. t.) To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.

Alien (v. t.) To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership.

124
Alienate (v. t.) To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right;
to part voluntarily with ownership of.

Alienate (v. t.) To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of

averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; --
with from.

Aliene (v. t.) To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to

aliene an estate.

Align (v. t.) To adjust or form to a

Align (v. t.) To form in

Aliment (v. t.) To nourish; to support.

Aliment (v. t.) To provide for the maintenance of.

Alkalify (v. t.) To convert into an alkali; to give alka

Alkalizate (v. t.) To alkalizate.

125
Alkalize (v. t.) To render alka

Allay (v. t.) To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to
calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions.

Allay (v. t.) To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of
affliction or the bitterness of adversity.

Allay (v. t.) To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside.

Allay (v. t.) To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to
deteriorate.

Allect (v. t.) To allure; to entice.

Alledge (v. t.) See Allege.

Allege (v. t.) To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to

assert; as, to allege a fact.

Allege (v. t.) To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge.

126
Allege (v. t.) To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he
refused to lend, alleging a resolution against lending.

Allege (v. t.) To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble.

Allegge (v. t.) See Alegge and Allay.

Allegorize (v. t.) To form or turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history
of a people.

Allegorize (v. t.) To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical

sense; as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or
figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it.

Allegorize (v. t.) To use allegory.

Alleviate (v. t.) To lighten or lessen the force or weight of.

Alleviate (v. t.) To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to

mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care,
etc. ; -- opposed to aggravate.

Alleviate (v. t.) To extenuate; to palliate.

All-hail (v. t.) To salute; to greet.

127
Alliance (v. t.) To connect by alliance; to ally.

Alligate (v. t.) To tie; to unite by some tie.

Alliterate (v. t.) To employ or place so as to make alliteration.

Allocate (v. t.) To distribute or assign; to allot.

Allocate (v. t.) To localize.

Allot (v. t.) To distribute by lot.

Allot (v. t.) To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute

to each individual concerned; to assign as a share or lot; to set apart as
one's share; to bestow on; to grant; to appoint; as, let every man be
contented with that which Providence allots him.

Allotropize (v. t.) To change in physical properties but not in substance.

Allow (v. t.) To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction.

Allow (v. t.) To like; to be suited or pleased with.

128
Allow (v. t.) To sanction; to invest; to intrust.

Allow (v. t.) To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have;
as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day
for rest.

Allow (v. t.) To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to

accede to an opinion; as, to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow the
truth of a proposition.

Allow (v. t.) To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; esp. to

abate or deduct; as, to allow a sum for leakage.

Allow (v. t.) To grant license to; to permit; to consent to; as, to allow a son
to be absent.

Alloy (v. t.) Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a

mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and
zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an
amalgam.

Alloy (v. t.) The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness.

Alloy (v. t.) A baser metal mixed with a finer.

129
Alloy (v. t.) Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts
from; as, no happiness is without alloy.

Alloy (v. t.) To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable
substance; as, to alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper.

Alloy (v. t.) To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound.

Alloy (v. t.) To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; as, to alloy
pleasure with misfortunes.

Alloy (v. t.) To form a metallic compound.

Allude (v. t.) To compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable.

Allure (v. t.) To attempt to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the
offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or
acceptable; to entice; to attract.

Ally (v. t.) To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by

marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or
confederacy; -- often followed by to or with.

Ally (v. t.) To connect or form a relation between by similitude,

resemblance, friendship, or love.

130
Alose (v. t.) To praise.

Alphabet (v. t.) To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange

alphabetically.

Alphabetize (v. t.) To arrange alphabetically; as, to alphabetize a list of

words.

Alphabetize (v. t.) To furnish with an alphabet.

Alter (v. t.) To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially
or wholly; to vary; to modify.

Alter (v. t.) To agitate; to affect mentally.

Alter (v. t.) To geld.

Alternant (v. t.) Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.

Alternate (v. t.) To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed

by turns; to interchange regularly.

131
Alum (v. t.) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum;
to treat with alum.

Aluminize (v. t.) To treat or impregnate with alum; to alum.

Amain (v. t.) To lower, as a sail, a yard, etc.

Amalgamate (v. t.) To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another

metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.

Amalgamate (v. t.) To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or

combine; as, to amalgamate two races; to amalgamate one race with
another.

Amalgamize (v. t.) To amalgamate.

Amass (v. t.) To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of;
to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words or
phrases.

Amate (v. t.) To dismay; to dishearten; to daunt.

Amate (v. t.) To be a mate to; to match.

Amaze (v. t.) To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze.

132
Amaze (v. t.) To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to
overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly.

Amaze (v. t.) Bewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder;

amazement.

Amber (v. t.) To scent or flavor with ambergris; as, ambered wine.

Amber (v. t.) To preserve in amber; as, an ambered fly.

Ambition (v. t.) To seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet.

Ambuscade (v. t.) A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of

attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in
any situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.

Ambuscade (v. t.) A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an enemy
unexpectedly.

Ambuscade (v. t.) The body of troops lying in ambush.

Ambuscade (v. t.) To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.

133
Ambuscade (v. t.) To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking
place; to waylay.

Ambush (v. t.) A disposition or arrangement of troops for attacking an

enemy unexpectedly from a concealed station. Hence: Unseen peril; a
device to entrap; a snare.

Ambush (v. t.) A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to
attack by surprise.

Ambush (v. t.) The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by
surprise; liers in wait.

Ambush (v. t.) To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy.

Ambush (v. t.) To attack by ambush; to waylay.

Ambushment (v. t.) An ambush.

Amel (v. t.) Enamel.

Amel (v. t.) To enamel.

Ameliorate (v. t.) To make better; to improve; to meliorate.

134
Amen (v. t.) To say Amen to; to sanction fully.

Amenage (v. t.) To manage.

Amend (v. t.) To change or modify in any way for the better

Amend (v. t.) by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous,

faulty, and the like;

Amend (v. t.) by supplying deficiencies;

Amend (v. t.) by substituting something else in the place of what is

removed; to rectify.

Amenuse (v. t.) To lessen.

Amerce (v. t.) To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is

not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced the
criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars.

Amerce (v. t.) To punish, in general; to mulct.

135
Americanize (v. t.) To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in
customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.

Amit (v. t.) To lose.

Ammunition (v. t.) To provide with ammunition.

Amnesty (v. t.) To grant amnesty to.

Amoneste (v. t.) To admonish.

Amortize (v. t.) To make as if dead; to destroy.

Amortize (v. t.) To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation.

See Mortmain.

Amortize (v. t.) To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a

sinking fund.

Amount (v. t.) To signify; to amount to.

Amove (v. t.) To remove, as a person or thing, from a position.

Amove (v. t.) To dismiss from an office or station.

136
Ampliate (v. t.) To enlarge.

Amplificate (v. t.) To amplify.

Amplify (v. t.) To render larger, more extended, or more intense, and the
like; -- used especially of telescopes, microscopes, etc.

Amplify (v. t.) To enlarge by addition or discussion; to treat copiously by

adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.

Amputate (v. t.) To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils.

Amputate (v. t.) To cut off (a limb or projecting part of the body)

Anabaptize (v. t.) To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename.

Anachronize (v. t.) To refer to, or put into, a wrong time.

Anaesthetize (v. t.) To render insensible by an anaesthetic.

Anagram (v. t.) To anagrammatize.

137
Anagrammatize (v. t.) To transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form
an anagram.

Analyze (v. t.) To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its
elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an
examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to
ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a
fossil substance; to analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an action to
ascertain its morality.

Anarchize (v. t.) To reduce to anarchy.

Anathematize (v. t.) To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence:

To condemn publicly as something accursed.

Anatomize (v. t.) To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable

body, for the purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of
the several parts.

Anatomize (v. t.) To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze.

Anchor (v. t.) To place at anchor; to secure by an anchor; as, to anchor a

ship.

Anchor (v. t.) To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; as, to anchor the
cables of a suspension bridge.

138
Anele (v. t.) To anoint.

Anele (v. t.) To give extreme unction to.

Angelify (v. t.) To make like an angel; to angelize.

Angelize (v. t.) To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic.

Anger (v. t.) To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame.

Anger (v. t.) To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.

Angle (v. t.) To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure.

Anglicify (v. t.) To anglicize.

Anglicize (v. t.) To make English; to English; to anglify; render

conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.

Anglify (v. t.) To convert into English; to anglicize.

Anguish (v. t.) To distress with extreme pain or grief.

139
Angulate (v. t.) To make angular.

Anhang (v. t.) To hang.

Anient (v. t.) Alt. of Anientise

Anientise (v. t.) To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate.

Animalize (v. t.) To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in

animal form.

Animalize (v. t.) To convert into animal matter by the processes of

assimilation.

Animalize (v. t.) To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a

lower animal; to sensualize.

Animate (v. t.) To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the
soul animates the body.

Animate (v. t.) To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of;
as, to animate a lyre.

140
Animate (v. t.) To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to
rouse; to enliven.

Animosity (v. t.) Mere spiritedness or courage.

Animosity (v. t.) Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity;
energetic dislike.

Annalize (v. t.) To record in annals.

Anneal (v. t.) To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast
iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to
temper; to toughen.

Anneal (v. t.) To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the
colors laid on them.

Annex (v. t.) To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; --

followed by to.

Annex (v. t.) To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater.

Annex (v. t.) To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as,

to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

141
Annexation (v. t.) The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or
appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to
the United States, or of chattels to the freehold.

Annexation (v. t.) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a

fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the
crown.

Annihilate (v. t.) To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the

existence of; to cause to cease to be.

Annihilate (v. t.) To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of,
so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by
cutting down the trees.

Annihilate (v. t.) To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a

thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate
an argument, law, rights, goodness.

Annominate (v. t.) To name.

Announce (v. t.) To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to
publish; to proclaim.

Announce (v. t.) To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.

142
Annumerate (v. t.) To add on; to count in.

Annunciate (v. t.) To announce.

Anoil (v. t.) To anoint with oil.

Anoint (v. t.) To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also,
to spread over, as oil.

Anoint (v. t.) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite,
especially for consecration.

Anorn (v. t.) To adorn.

Antagonize (v. t.) To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.

Antedate (v. t.) To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date;
thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true
time of its execution.

Antedate (v. t.) To precede in time.

Antedate (v. t.) To anticipate; to make before the true time.

143
Antepone (v. t.) To put before; to prefer.

Antevert (v. t.) To prevent.

Antevert (v. t.) To displace by anteversion.

Anthem (v. t.) To celebrate with anthems.

Antic (v. t.) To make appear like a buffoon.

Anticipate (v. t.) To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to

preclude or prevent by prior action.

Anticipate (v. t.) To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper

or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate
has anticipated a part of his argument.

Anticipate (v. t.) To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand

that which will be desired.

Anticipate (v. t.) To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or

impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the
evils of life.

144
Antidote (v. t.) To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking
an antidote.

Antidote (v. t.) To fortify or preserve by an antidote.

Antiquate (v. t.) To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in
such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.

Antrovert (v. t.) To bend forward.

Anvil (v. t.) To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled
armor.

Ape (v. t.) To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow
servilely or irrationally.

Aphetize (v. t.) To shorten by aphesis.

Apocopate (v. t.) To cut off or drop; as, to apocopate a word, or the last
letter, syllable, or part of a word.

Apologize (v. t.) To defend.

Apotheosize (v. t.) To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god;

to deify; to glorify.
145
Apparel (v. t.) To make or get (something) ready; to prepare.

Apparel (v. t.) To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out.

Apparel (v. t.) To dress or clothe; to attire.

Apparel (v. t.) To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something
ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees appareled with flowers, or a
garden with verdure.

Appay (v. t.) To pay; to satisfy or appease.

Appeach (v. t.) To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to

reproach.

Appeal (v. t.) To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an
inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of
alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause was
appealed from an inferior court.

Appeal (v. t.) To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private

criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; as, to appeal a
person of felony.

146
Appeal (v. t.) To summon; to challenge.

Appeal (v. t.) To invoke.

Appeal (v. t.) To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a
superior judge or court for the purpose of reexamination of for decision.

Appeal (v. t.) To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to

corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all
mankind for the truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to
make earnest request.

Appeal (v. t.) An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an
inferior to a superior judge or court for reexamination or review.

Appeal (v. t.) The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected.

Appeal (v. t.) The right of appeal.

Appeal (v. t.) An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted

by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding
punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense
against the public.

147
Appeal (v. t.) An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his
accomplices, which accomplice was then called an approver. See
Approvement.

Appeal (v. t.) A summons to answer to a charge.

Appeal (v. t.) A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in
one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor;
entreaty.

Appeal (v. t.) Resort to physical means; recourse.

Appease (v. t.) To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to

still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the
ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.

Append (v. t.) To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is
suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was
appended to the column.

Append (v. t.) To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; as,
notes appended to this chapter.

Appendant (v. t.) Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal

appendant to a paper.

148
Appendant (v. t.) Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a
considerable time; -- said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another
inheritance which is superior or more worthy; as, an advowson, common,
etc. , which may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a
freehold, a seat in church to a house.

Appendicate (v. t.) To append.

Apperceive (v. t.) To perceive; to comprehend.

Appete (v. t.) To seek for; to desire.

Appetize (v. t.) To make hungry; to whet the appetite of.

Applaud (v. t.) To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation,

or other significant sign.

Applaud (v. t.) To praise by words; to express approbation of; to

commend; to approve.

Applot (v. t.) To divide into plots or parts; to apportion.

Apply (v. t.) To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another); -- with
to; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a
diseased part of the body.

149
Apply (v. t.) To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in
a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; as, to apply money to the
payment of a debt.

Apply (v. t.) To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or
relative; as, to apply the testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a
person.

Apply (v. t.) To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with
attention; to attach; to inc

Apply (v. t.) To direct or address.

Apply (v. t.) To betake; to address; to refer; -- used reflexively.

Apply (v. t.) To busy; to keep at work; to ply.

Apply (v. t.) To visit.

Appoint (v. t.) To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.

Appoint (v. t.) To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or

mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and
place of.

150
Appoint (v. t.) To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.

Appoint (v. t.) To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary
by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.

Appoint (v. t.) To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or

commendation; to arraign.

Appoint (v. t.) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new

disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; -- said of
an estate already conveyed.

Appointee (v. t.) A person appointed.

Appointee (v. t.) A person in whose favor a power of appointment is

executed.

Apportion (v. t.) To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and
distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion undivided
rights; to apportion time among various employments.

Appose (v. t.) To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing to
another).

151
Appose (v. t.) To place in juxtaposition or proximity.

Appose (v. t.) To put questions to; to examine; to try. [Obs.] See Pose.

Appraise (v. t.) To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by
persons appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and chattels.

Appraise (v. t.) To estimate; to conjecture.

Appraise (v. t.) To praise; to commend.

Appreciate (v. t.) To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value.

Appreciate (v. t.) To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; --
opposed to depreciate.

Appreciate (v. t.) To be sensible of; to distinguish.

Apprehend (v. t.) To take or seize; to take hold of.

Apprehend (v. t.) Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to

arrest; as, to apprehend a criminal.

152
Apprehend (v. t.) To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to
conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to
recognize; to consider.

Apprehend (v. t.) To know or learn with certainty.

Apprehend (v. t.) To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or

fear; to fear.

Apprentice (v. t.) To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the
purpose of instruction in a trade or business.

Apprise (v. t.) To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; -- followed by of;
as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the
commander of what he had done.

Apprize (v. t.) To appraise; to value; to appreciate.

Approach (v. t.) To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance.

Approach (v. t.) To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw

nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached
the age of manhood.

Approach (v. t.) To take approaches to.

153
Approbate (v. t.) To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction
officially.

Appromt (v. t.) To quicken; to prompt.

Appropre (v. t.) To appropriate.

Appropriate (v. t.) To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or

use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a
common benefit.

Appropriate (v. t.) To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use,
in exclusion of all others; -- with to or for; as, a spot of ground is
appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the
navy.

Appropriate (v. t.) To make suitable; to suit.

Appropriate (v. t.) To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its

property.

Approve (v. t.) To show to be real or true; to prove.

154
Approve (v. t.) To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show
practically.

Approve (v. t.) To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve

the decision of a court-martial.

Approve (v. t.) To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to

think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration.

Approve (v. t.) To make or show to be worthy of approbation or

acceptance.

Approve (v. t.) To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; -- said
esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.

Approver (v. t.) A bailiff or steward; an agent.

Approximate (v. t.) To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.

Approximate (v. t.) To come near to; to approach.

Apt (v. t.) To fit; to suit; to adapt.

Aptate (v. t.) To make fit.

155
Arace (v. t.) To tear up by the roots; to draw away.

Araise (v. t.) To raise.

Arbiter (v. t.) To act as arbiter between.

Arbitrable (v. t.) Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable.

Arbitrate (v. t.) To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to

arbitrate a disputed case.

Arbitrate (v. t.) To decide, or determine generally.

Arch (v. t.) To cover with an arch or arches.

Arch (v. t.) To form or bend into the shape of an arch.

Archaize (v. t.) To make appear archaic or antique.

Aread (v. t.) Alt. of Areed

Areed (v. t.) To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; as, to
aread a riddle or a dream.
156
Areed (v. t.) To read.

Areed (v. t.) To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.

Areed (v. t.) To decree; to adjudge.

Arefy (v. t.) To dry, or make dry.

Aret (v. t.) To reckon; to ascribe; to impute.

Argue (v. t.) To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel
argued the cause before a full court; the cause was well argued.

Argue (v. t.) To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by inference,

deduction, or reasoning.

Argue (v. t.) To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different
opinion.

Argue (v. t.) To blame; to accuse; to charge with.

Arianize (v. t.) To convert to Arianism.

157
Arm (v. t.) To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms.

Arm (v. t.) To furnish with arms or limbs.

Arm (v. t.) To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to
arm soldiers; to arm the country.

Arm (v. t.) To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add
strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm
a hook in angling.

Arm (v. t.) Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for
resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.

Armada (v. t.) A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the

Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, a. d. 1558.

Aroint (v. t.) To drive or scare off by some exclamation.

Aromatize (v. t.) To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a

spicy scent or taste to; to perfume.

Arouse (v. t.) To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in
motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; as, to arouse one from sleep; to
arouse the dormant faculties.

158
Arraign (v. t.) To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to
the matter charged in an indictment or complaint.

Arraign (v. t.) To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason,
taste, or any other tribunal.

Arraign (v. t.) To appeal to; to demand; as, to arraign an assize of novel
disseizin.

Arraiment (v. t.) Alt. of Arrayment

Arrayment (v. t.) Clothes; raiment.

Arrange (v. t.) To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the
manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops arranged for
battle.

Arrange (v. t.) To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; as, to arrange

the preliminaries of an undertaking.

Arras (v. t.) To furnish with an arras.

Arrect (v. t.) To direct.

159
Arrect (v. t.) To impute.

Arrest (v. t.) To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to
arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses.

Arrest (v. t.) To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest
one for debt, or for a crime.

Arrest (v. t.) To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or
attention.

Arrest (v. t.) To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate.

Arrest (v. t.) The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.;
stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development.

Arrest (v. t.) The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law;

legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant.

Arrest (v. t.) Any seizure by power, physical or moral.

Arrest (v. t.) A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; -- also
named rat-tails.

Arret (v. t.) Same as Aret.

160
Arride (v. t.) To please; to gratify.

Arrive (v. t.) To bring to shore.

Arrive (v. t.) To reach; to come to.

Arrogate (v. t.) To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or

presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless
pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over kings.

Arrose (v. t.) To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten.

Arsenicate (v. t.) To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with

arsenic.

Arterialize (v. t.) To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by
exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.

Articulate (v. t.) To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with
joints or at the joints.

Articulate (v. t.) To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to

specify.

161
Articulate (v. t.) To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct
syllables or words; to enunciate; as, to articulate letters or language.

Articulate (v. t.) To express distinctly; to give utterance to.

Artificialize (v. t.) To render artificial.

Artilize (v. t.) To make resemble.

Aryanize (v. t.) To make Aryan (a language, or in language).

Ascend (v. t.) To go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to

go up the top of; as, to ascend a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a throne.

Ascertain (v. t.) To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to

make confident; to assure; to apprise.

Ascertain (v. t.) To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from
obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to determine.

Ascertain (v. t.) To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial, examination, or
experiment; to get to know; as, to ascertain the weight of a commodity, or
the purity of a metal.

162
Ascribe (v. t.) To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause; as, his death
was ascribed to a poison; to ascribe an effect to the right cause; to
ascribe such a book to such an author.

Ascribe (v. t.) To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or

allege to belong.

Ash (v. t.) To strew or sprinkle with ashes.

Ashame (v. t.) To shame.

Ask (v. t.) To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; --

often with of, in the sense of from, before the person addressed.

Ask (v. t.) To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of

remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price do you
ask?

Ask (v. t.) To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to

or about; to question.

Ask (v. t.) To invite; as, to ask one to an entertainment.

Ask (v. t.) To publish in church for marriage; -- said of both the banns and
the persons.

163
Askance (v. t.) To turn aside.

Asperate (v. t.) To make rough or uneven.

Asperne (v. t.) To spurn; to despise.

Asperse (v. t.) To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or

to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust.

Asperse (v. t.) To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious
charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good name; to slander or
calumniate; as, to asperse a poet or his writings; to asperse a man's
character.

Asphalt (v. t.) To cover with asphalt; as, to asphalt a roof; asphalted
streets.

Asphyxiate (v. t.) To bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate. [Used

commonly in the past pple.]

Aspirate (v. t.) To pronounce with a breathing, an aspirate, or an h sound;

as, we aspirate the words horse and house; to aspirate a vowel or a liquid
consonant.

164
Aspire (v. t.) To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or
great; to pant; to long; -- followed by to or after, and rarely by at; as, to
aspire to a crown; to aspire after immorality.

Aspire (v. t.) To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar.

Aspire (v. t.) To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.

Assail (v. t.) To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner;
to assault; to molest; as, to assail a man with blows; to assail a city with
artillery.

Assail (v. t.) To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering,
as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like.

Assail (v. t.) To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the
feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by
words, hostile influence, etc.; as, to assail one with appeals, arguments,
abuse, ridicule, and the like.

Assart (v. t.) To grub up, as trees; to commit an assart upon; as, to assart
land or trees.

Assassin (v. t.) To assassinate.

165
Assassinate (v. t.) To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by
treacherous violence.

Assassinate (v. t.) To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended

meaning, to maltreat exceedingly.

Assecure (v. t.) To make sure or safe; to assure.

Assemble (v. t.) To collect into one place or body; to bring or call together;
to convene; to congregate.

Assent (v. t.) To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement,

acquiescence, concurrence, or concession.

Assert (v. t.) To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly;
to state positively; to aver; to asseverate.

Assert (v. t.) To maintain; to defend.

Assert (v. t.) To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or

measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to assert our rights and
liberties.

Assever (v. t.) See Asseverate.

166
Asseverate (v. t.) To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.

Assibilate (v. t.) To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant.

Assiege (v. t.) To besiege.

Assign (v. t.) To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over.

Assign (v. t.) To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out

authoritatively or exactly; as, to assign a limit; to assign counsel for a
prisoner; to assign a day for trial.

Assign (v. t.) To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and
vest in, certain persons, called assignees, for the benefit of creditors.

Assimilate (v. t.) To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a

resemblance between.

Assimilate (v. t.) To liken; to compa/e.

Assimilate (v. t.) To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the

substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as
nourishment; as, food is assimilated and converted into organic tissue.

Assimulate (v. t.) To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble.

167
Assimulate (v. t.) To assimilate.

Assist (v. t.) To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of

distress; to help; to aid; to succor.

Assober (v. t.) To make or keep sober.

Associate (v. t.) To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or

confederate; as, to associate others with us in business, or in an
enterprise.

Associate (v. t.) To join or connect; to combine in acting; as, particles of

gold associated with other substances.

Associate (v. t.) To connect or place together in thought.

Associate (v. t.) To accompany; to keep company with.

Assoil (v. t.) To set free; to release.

Assoil (v. t.) To solve; to clear up.

Assoil (v. t.) To set free from guilt; to absolve.

168
Assoil (v. t.) To expiate; to atone for.

Assoil (v. t.) To remove; to put off.

Assoil (v. t.) To soil; to stain.

Assoilzie (v. t.) Alt. of Assoilyie

Assoilyie (v. t.) To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.

Assort (v. t.) To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like
kind, nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify;
as, to assort goods. [Rarely applied to persons.]

Assort (v. t.) To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of
goods; as, to assort a cargo.

Assot (v. t.) To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate.

Assuage (v. t.) To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or

lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult;
to satisfy, as appetite or desire.

169
Assubjugate (v. t.) To bring into subjection.

Assume (v. t.) To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and
demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly.

Assume (v. t.) To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact;
to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively.

Assume (v. t.) To pretend to possess; to take in appearance.

Assume (v. t.) To receive or adopt.

Assumpt (v. t.) To take up; to elevate; to assume.

Assure (v. t.) To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise,

declaration, or other evidence.

Assure (v. t.) To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the
design of inspiring belief or confidence.

Assure (v. t.) To confirm; to make certain or secure.

Assure (v. t.) To affiance; to betroth.

170
Assure (v. t.) To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a
specified sum at death. See Insure.

Astert (v. t.) To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun.

Aston (v. t.) Alt. of Astone

Astone (v. t.) To stun; to astonish; to stupefy.

Astonish (v. t.) To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow.

Astonish (v. t.) To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to
surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some
sudden emotion or passion.

Astony (v. t.) To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay.

Astrict (v. t.) To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract.

Astrict (v. t.) To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit.

Astrict (v. t.) To restrict the tenure of; as, to astrict lands. See Astriction, 4.

171
Astringe (v. t.) To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw
together; to compress.

Astringe (v. t.) To bind by moral or legal obligation.

Astun (v. t.) To stun.

Asweve (v. t.) To stupefy.

Atake (v. t.) To overtake.

Atheize (v. t.) To render atheistic or godless.

Athink (v. t.) To repent; to displease; to disgust.

Atmolyze (v. t.) To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis.

Atom (v. t.) To reduce to atoms.

Atomize (v. t.) To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray.

Atone (v. t.) To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at

variance; to appease.

172
Atone (v. t.) To unite in making.

Atone (v. t.) To make satisfaction for; to expiate.

Atrede (v. t.) To surpass in council.

Atrenne (v. t.) To outrun.

Atrophy (v. t.) To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or

weaken.

Attach (v. t.) To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to
attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like.

Attach (v. t.) To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority;

to appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company, or
ship.

Attach (v. t.) To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or self-interest;
to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; -- with to; as, attached to a
friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery.

Attach (v. t.) To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to

affix; -- with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular circumstance.

173
Attach (v. t.) To take, seize, or lay hold of.

Attach (v. t.) To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring
before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; -- applied to a
taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for the
arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of
a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be
rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4.

Attache (v. t.) One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite
or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy.

Attack (v. t.) To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to
assault.

Attack (v. t.) To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a

controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by
criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his opinions, in a
pamphlet.

Attack (v. t.) To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some
object of labor or investigation.

Attack (v. t.) To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or

destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.

174
Attain (v. t.) To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain;
to compass; as, to attain rest.

Attain (v. t.) To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire.

Attain (v. t.) To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain.

Attain (v. t.) To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at.

Attain (v. t.) To overtake.

Attain (v. t.) To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.

Attaint (v. t.) To attain; to get act; to hit.

Attaint (v. t.) To find guilty; to convict; -- said esp. of a jury on trial for
giving a false verdict.

Attaint (v. t.) To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting
from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or
felony; to affect by attainder.

Attaint (v. t.) To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act.

175
Attaint (v. t.) To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with
moral contagion; to taint or corrupt.

Attaint (v. t.) To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with

infamy.

Attame (v. t.) To pierce; to attack.

Attame (v. t.) To broach; to begin.

Attaminate (v. t.) To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate.

Attask (v. t.) To take to task; to blame.

Attaste (v. t.) To taste or cause to taste.

Attemper (v. t.) To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to

regulate, as temperature.

Attemper (v. t.) To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; as,

to attemper rigid justice with clemency.

Attemper (v. t.) To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as, a mind well
attempered with kindness and justice.

176
Attemper (v. t.) To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt.

Attemperate (v. t.) To attemper.

Attempt (v. t.) To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or

perform (some action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a bold
flight.

Attempt (v. t.) To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations;

to tempt.

Attempt (v. t.) To try to win, subdue, or overcome; as, one who attempts
the virtue of a woman.

Attempt (v. t.) To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by
force; as, to attempt the enemy's camp.

Attend (v. t.) To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed
to; to regard.

Attend (v. t.) To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over.

177
Attend (v. t.) To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit
professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do
service; to escort; to wait on; to serve.

Attend (v. t.) To be present with; to accompany; to be united or

consequent to; as, a measure attended with ill effects.

Attend (v. t.) To be present at; as, to attend church, school, a concert, a
business meeting.

Attend (v. t.) To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for.

Attendance (v. t.) Attention; regard; careful application.

Attendance (v. t.) The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service;
ministry; the fact of being present; presence.

Attendance (v. t.) Waiting for; expectation.

Attendance (v. t.) The persons attending; a retinue; attendants.

Attendant (v. t.) Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting.

178
Attendant (v. t.) Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following,
as consequential; consequent; as, intemperance with all its attendant
evils.

Attendant (v. t.) Depending on, or owing duty or service to; as, the widow
attendant to the heir.

Attent (v. t.) Attentive; heedful.

Attenuate (v. t.) To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical

action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease,
etc., upon living bodies.

Attenuate (v. t.) To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or
dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to
break them into finer parts.

Attenuate (v. t.) To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less
complex; to weaken.

Atterrate (v. t.) To fill up with alluvial earth.

Attest (v. t.) To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine;
as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record.

179
Attest (v. t.) To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest
its ancient magnificence.

Attest (v. t.) To call to witness; to invoke.

Atticize (v. t.) To conform or make conformable to the language, customs,

etc., of Attica.

Attinge (v. t.) To touch lightly.

Attire (v. t.) To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or
splendid garments.

Attorn (v. t.) To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to
another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the
alienation of the estate.

Attorn (v. t.) To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has
been granted.

Attorney (v. t.) To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy.

Attract (v. t.) To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach,
adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or
decomposition.

180
Attract (v. t.) To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage
or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; as, to attract
admirers.

Attrahent (v. t.) Attracting; drawing; attractive.

Attrap (v. t.) To entrap; to insnare.

Attrap (v. t.) To adorn with trapping; to array.

Attribute (v. t.) To ascribe; to consider (something) as due or appropriate

(to); to refer, as an effect to a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider as
belonging (to).

Attune (v. t.) To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one
sound or musical instrument to another; as, to attune the voice to a harp.

Attune (v. t.) To arrange fitly; to make accordant.

Atwite (v. t.) To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to upbraid.

Auction (v. t.) To sell by auction.

181
Auctioneer (v. t.) To sell by auction; to auction.

Audit (v. t.) To examine and adjust, as an account or accounts; as, to

audit the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit depending
in court.

Augment (v. t.) To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to

swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army by reeforcements; rain
augments a stream; impatience augments an evil.

Augment (v. t.) To add an augment to.

Augur (v. t.) To predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to

presage; to infer.

Angurize (v. t.) To augur.

Aumail (v. t.) To figure or variegate.

Aunter (v. t.) Alt. of Auntre

Auntre (v. t.) To venture; to dare.

Auspicate (v. t.) To foreshow; to foretoken.

182
Auspicate (v. t.) To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to inaugurate;
-- a sense derived from the Roman practice of taking the auspicium, or
inspection of birds, before undertaking any important business.

Authenticate (v. t.) To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof,
attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.

Authenticate (v. t.) To prove authentic; to determine as real and true; as,
to authenticate a portrait.

Author (v. t.) To occasion; to originate.

Author (v. t.) To tell; to say; to declare.

Authorize (v. t.) To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a
right to act; to empower; as, to authorize commissioners to settle a
boundary.

Authorize (v. t.) To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to legalize; as, to
authorize a marriage.

Authorize (v. t.) To establish by authority, as by usage or public opinion; to

sanction; as, idioms authorized by usage.

183
Authorize (v. t.) To sanction or confirm by the authority of some one; to
warrant; as, to authorize a report.

Authorize (v. t.) To justify; to furnish a ground for.

Avail (v. t.) To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to
benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of
judgment.

Avail (v. t.) To promote; to assist.

Avel (v. t.) To pull away.

Avenge (v. t.) To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by

punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a
wrongdoer.

Avenge (v. t.) To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on.

Aventre (v. t.) To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear.

Aver (v. t.) To assert, or prove, the truth of.

Aver (v. t.) To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify. See
Averment.
184
Aver (v. t.) To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as
in confidence of asserting the truth.

Average (v. t.) To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal;
to reduce to a mean.

Average (v. t.) To divide among a number, according to a given

proportion; as, to average a loss.

Average (v. t.) To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.

Averment (v. t.) The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation;
positive assertion.

Averment (v. t.) Verification; establishment by evidence.

Averment (v. t.) A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to

justify or prove what is alleged.

Averruncate (v. t.) To avert; to ward off.

Averruncate (v. t.) To root up.

185
Avile (v. t.) To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate.

Avise (v. t.) To look at; to view; to think of.

Avise (v. t.) To advise; to counsel.

Avoke (v. t.) To call from or back again.

Avouch (v. t.) To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority.

Avouch (v. t.) To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.

Avouch (v. t.) To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to

affirm openly.

Avouch (v. t.) To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to

sanction.

Avow (v. t.) To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own

or acknowledge frankly; as, a man avows his principles or his crimes.

Avow (v. t.) To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See Avowry.

Avowtry (v. t.) Adultery. See Advoutry.

186
Avulse (v. t.) To pluck or pull off.

Await (v. t.) To watch for; to look out for.

Await (v. t.) To wait on, serve, or attend.

Await (v. t.) To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See Expect.

Await (v. t.) To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; as, a glorious
reward awaits the good.

Awake (v. t.) To rouse from sleep; to wake; to awaken.

Awake (v. t.) To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death,
stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; as, to
awake the dead; to awake the dormant faculties.

Awaken (v. t.) To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to wake.

Award (v. t.) To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or

apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to adjudge; as,
the arbitrators awarded damages to the complainant.

187
Award (v. t.) A judgment, sentence, or final decision. Specifically: The
decision of arbitrators in a case submitted.

Award (v. t.) The paper containing the decision of arbitrators; that which is
warded.

Awarn (v. t.) To warn.

Awe (v. t.) To strike with fear and reverence; to inspire with awe; to control
by inspiring dread.

Awhape (v. t.) To confound; to terrify; to amaze.

Azotize (v. t.) To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.

Azure (v. t.) To color blue.

========================================================

188
 Intransitive Verbs Starting with A
Abdicate (v. i.) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
dignity.

Aberr (v. i.) To wander; to stray.

Aberrate (v. i.) To go astray; to diverge.

Abhor (v. i.) To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary
or averse; -- with

Abide (v. i.) To wait; to pause; to delay.

Abide (v. i.) To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell;
to sojourn; -- with with before a person, and commonly with at or in before
a place.

Abide (v. i.) To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to

continue; to remain.

Abjure (v. i.) To renounce on oath.

Abode (v. i.) To be ominous.

189
Abort (v. i.) To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.

Abort (v. i.) To become checked in normal development, so as either to

remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.

Abound (v. i.) To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.

Abound (v. i.) To be copiously supplied; -- followed by in or with.

Abscond (v. i.) To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.

Abscond (v. i.) To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self;
-- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as,
an absconding debtor.

Absist (v. i.) To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.

Absquatulate (v. i.) To take one's self off; to decamp.

Abstain (v. i.) To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and
especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with from.

Abut (v. i.) To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; --

with on, upon, or against; as, his land abuts on the road.

190
Accede (v. i.) To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to recede.

Accede (v. i.) To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain.

Accede (v. i.) To become a party by associating one's self with others; to
give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view;
as, he acceded to my request.

Acclaim (v. i.) To shout applause.

Accommodate (v. i.) To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted.

Accompany (v. i.) To associate in a company; to keep company.

Accompany (v. i.) To cohabit (with).

Accompany (v. i.) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a

composition.

Accord (v. i.) To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by

with, formerly also by to; as, his disposition accords with his looks.

Accord (v. i.) To agree in pitch and tone.

191
Accost (v. i.) To adjoin; to lie alongside.

Account (v. i.) To render or receive an account or relation of particulars;

as, an officer must account with or to the treasurer for money received.

Account (v. i.) To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with for;

as, we must account for the use of our opportunities.

Account (v. i.) To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to
explain; -- with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty.

Accresce (v. i.) To accrue.

Accresce (v. i.) To increase; to grow.

Accrete (v. i.) To grow together.

Accrete (v. i.) To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with to.

Accumb (v. i.) To rec

Accumulate (v. i.) To grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase

greatly.

192
Accustom (v. i.) To be wont.

Accustom (v. i.) To cohabit.

Acetify (v. i.) To turn acid.

Acetize (v. i.) To acetify.

Ache (v. i.) Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or

spasmodic pain. "Such an ache in my bones."

Ache (v. i.) To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to
be distressed.

Acquiesce (v. i.) To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without

opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or
discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object; --
followed by in, formerly also by with and to.

Acquiesce (v. i.) To concur upon conviction; as, to acquiesce in an

opinion; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to
forbear opposition.

Acrospire (v. i.) To put forth the first sprout.

193
Act (v. i.) To exert power; to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon
food.

Act (v. i.) To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to
move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a determination
of the will.

Act (v. i.) To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public

offices; to bear or deport one's self; as, we know not why he has acted so.

Act (v. i.) To perform on the stage; to represent a character.

Acuminate (v. i.) To end in, or come to, a sharp point.

Add (v. i.) To make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase; as, it
adds to our anxiety.

Add (v. i.) To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; as, he adds
rapidly.

Address (v. i.) To prepare one's self.

Address (v. i.) To direct speech.

194
Adhere (v. i.) To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to
become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs sometimes
adhere to the pleura.

Adhere (v. i.) To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by

personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere
to a party, a cause, a leader, a church.

Adhere (v. i.) To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree.

Adjoin (v. i.) To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, the

houses adjoin.

Adjoin (v. i.) To join one's self.

Adjourn (v. i.) To suspend business for a time, as from one day to
another, or for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public
business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as,
congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court adjourned without day.

Adjudicate (v. i.) To come to a judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated
upon the case.

Administer (v. i.) To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to

minister.

195
Administer (v. i.) To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; as,
A administers upon the estate of B.

Admire (v. i.) To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; --

sometimes with at.

Adulter (v. i.) To commit adultery; to pollute.

Adulterate (v. i.) To commit adultery.

Adulterize (v. i.) To commit adultery.

Advance (v. i.) To move or go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to

greet me.

Advance (v. i.) To increase or make progress in any respect; as, to

advance in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price.

Advance (v. i.) To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or

promoted.

Advene (v. i.) To accede, or come (to); to be added to something or

become a part of it, though not essential.

Adventure (v. i.) To try the chance; to take the risk.

196
Advert (v. i.) To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice;
-- with to; as, he adverted to what was said.

Advocate (v. i.) To act as advocate.

Aestivate (v. i.) To spend the summer.

Aestivate (v. i.) To pass the summer in a state of torpor.

Affiliate (v. i.) To connect or associate one's self; -- followed by with; as,
they affiliate with no party.

Affirm (v. i.) To declare or assert positively.

Affirm (v. i.) To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized

magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by
affirmation.

Affy (v. i.) To trust or confide.

Age (v. i.) To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he
grew fat as he aged.

197
Agglomerate (v. i.) To collect in a mass.

Aggrandize (v. i.) To increase or become great.

Aggress (v. i.) To commit the first act of hostility or offense; to begin a
quarrel or controversy; to make an attack; -- with on.

Aggrieve (v. i.) To grieve; to lament.

Agonize (v. i.) To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish.

Agonize (v. i.) To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.

Agree (v. i.) To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison

or concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties
agree in the expediency of the law.

Agree (v. i.) To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by to; as, to agree to
an offer, or to opinion.

Agree (v. i.) To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or

determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a
common resolve; to promise.

198
Agree (v. i.) To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond;
as, the picture does not agree with the original; the two scales agree
exactly.

Agree (v. i.) To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; as, the same
food does not agree with every constitution.

Agree (v. i.) To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.

Agrise (v. i.) To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.

Ail (v. i.) To be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or
indisposed or in trouble.

Aim (v. i.) To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels
as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to aim
at a fox, or at a target.

Aim (v. i.) To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the

accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by
at, or by an infinitive; as, to aim at distinction; to aim to do well.

Aim (v. i.) To guess or conjecture.

Aim (v. i.) The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the

199
Aim (v. i.) The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or
affected.

Aim (v. i.) Intention; purpose; design; scheme.

Aim (v. i.) Conjecture; guess.

Alight (v. i.) To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback
or from a carriage; to dismount.

Alight (v. i.) To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird
alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof.

Alight (v. i.) To come or chance (upon).

Alkalify (v. i.) To become changed into an alkali.

Allatrate (v. i.) To bark as a dog.

Alliterate (v. i.) To compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.

Allonge (v. i.) To thrust with a sword; to lunge.

200
Allow (v. i.) To admit; to concede; to make allowance or abatement.

Allude (v. i.) To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have

reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed
by to; as, the story alludes to a recent transaction.

Alter (v. i.) To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as,
the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure.

Altercate (v. i.) To contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger;
to wrangle.

Alternate (v. i.) To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally

in place or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate
with each other.

Alternate (v. i.) To vary by turns; as, the land alternates between rocky
hills and sandy plains.

Amain (v. i.) To lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.

Amalgamate (v. i.) To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal,

as quicksilver.

201
Amalgamate (v. i.) To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a
uniform whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts amalgamate.

Amaze (v. i.) To be astounded.

Amble (v. i.) To go at the easy gait called an amble; -- applied to the horse
or to its rider.

Amble (v. i.) To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go easily or

without hard shocks.

Ambulate (v. i.) To walk; to move about.

Ambuscade (v. i.) To lie in ambush.

Ambush (v. i.) To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; to
lurk.

Ameliorate (v. i.) To grow better; to meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by

age.

Amend (v. i.) To grow better by rectifying something wrong in manners or

morals; to improve.

Amplify (v. i.) To become larger.

202
Amplify (v. i.) To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or
description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with on or upon.

Amuse (v. i.) To muse; to mediate.

Analogize (v. i.) To employ, or reason by, analogy.

Anastomose (v. i.) To inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as

the arteries and veins.

Anchor (v. i.) To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship (or the
captain) anchored in the stream.

Anchor (v. i.) To stop; to fix or rest.

Angle (v. i.) To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and

Angle (v. i.) To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; as, to
angle for praise.

Anhele (v. i.) To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (for).

203
Animadvert (v. i.) To take notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by
that.

Animadvert (v. i.) To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to

express censure; -- with on or upon.

Animadvert (v. i.) To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment.

Annex (v. i.) To join; to be united.

Annotate (v. i.) To make notes or comments; -- with on or upon.

Answer (v. i.) To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge),

or in reply; to make response.

Answer (v. i.) To make a satisfactory response or return.

Answer (v. i.) To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable;

to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money
intrusted to his care.

Answer (v. i.) To be or act in return.

204
Answer (v. i.) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation,
or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on
some soils.

Answer (v. i.) To be opposite, or to act in opposition.

Answer (v. i.) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient;

as, a very few will answer.

Answer (v. i.) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation,

correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit;
-- usually with to.

Antagonize (v. i.) To act in opposition.

Antic (v. i.) To perform antics.

Antipathize (v. i.) To feel or show antipathy.

Antiquarianize (v. i.) To act the part of an antiquary.

Aphorize (v. i.) To make aphorisms.

Apologize (v. i.) To make an apology or defense.

205
Apologize (v. i.) To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment
of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of
amends; -- with for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering
my letter.

Apology (v. i.) To offer an apology.

Apostate (v. i.) To apostatize.

Apostatize (v. i.) To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to

forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to
which one has previously adhered.

Apostemate (v. i.) To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus.

Apostrophize (v. i.) To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe.

Apothegmatize (v. i.) To utter apothegms, or short and sententious

sayings.

Appall (v. i.) To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or

discouraged.

Appall (v. i.) To lose flavor or become stale.

206
Appear (v. i.) To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible.

Appear (v. i.) To come before the public; as, a great writer appeared at
that time.

Appear (v. i.) To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior

person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's
self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.

Appear (v. i.) To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be

known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing
proved; to be obvious or manifest.

Appear (v. i.) To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.

Appertain (v. i.) To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature,

appointment, or custom; to relate.

Applaud (v. i.) To express approbation loudly or significantly.

Apple (v. i.) To grow like an apple; to bear apples.

Applicate (v. i.) To apply.

207
Apply (v. i.) To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or
analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case.

Apply (v. i.) To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain
something; to make application. (to); to solicit; as, to apply to a friend for
information.

Apply (v. i.) To ply; to move.

Apply (v. i.) To apply or address one's self; to give application; to attend
closely (to).

Appoint (v. i.) To ordain; to determine; to arrange.

Appreciate (v. i.) To rise in value. [See note under Rise, v. i.]

Apprehend (v. i.) To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to

suppose.

Apprehend (v. i.) To be apprehensive; to fear.

Approach (v. i.) To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to

advance nearer.

208
Approach (v. i.) To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to
approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.

Approach (v. i.) The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near.

Approach (v. i.) A access, or opportunity of drawing near.

Approach (v. i.) Movements to gain favor; advances.

Approach (v. i.) A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings

can be approached; an access.

Approach (v. i.) The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made
by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.

Approach (v. i.) See Approaching.

Appropinquate (v. i.) To approach.

Approximate (v. i.) To draw; to approach.

Arbitrate (v. i.) To decide; to determine.

209
Arbitrate (v. i.) To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to arbitrate upon several
reports; to arbitrate in disputes among neighbors; to arbitrate between
parties to a suit.

Arch (v. i.) To form into an arch; to curve.

Argue (v. i.) To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a

proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to reason.

Argue (v. i.) To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason; -- followed by

with; as, you may argue with your friend without convincing him.

Argument (v. i.) To make an argument; to argue.

Argumentize (v. i.) To argue or discuss.

Arianize (v. i.) To admit or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an
Arian.

Arietate (v. i.) To butt, as a ram.

Arise (v. i.) To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above
the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to
ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose; the
sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning.

210
Arise (v. i.) To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become
operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; as,
the waves of the sea arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the king
shall arise.

Arise (v. i.) To proceed; to issue; to spring.

Arm (v. i.) To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack
or resistance; to take arms.

Arrest (v. i.) To tarry; to rest.

Arrive (v. i.) To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in
progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; --
followed by at (formerly sometimes by to), also by in and from.

Arrive (v. i.) To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass

an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment.

Arrive (v. i.) To come; said of time; as, the time arrived.

Arrive (v. i.) To happen or occur.

Article (v. i.) To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant.

211
Articulate (v. i.) To utter articulate sounds; to utter the elementary sounds
of a language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly.

Articulate (v. i.) To treat or make terms.

Articulate (v. i.) To join or be connected by articulation.

Ascend (v. i.) To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to

descend.

Ascend (v. i.) To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to

a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to
generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more
acute, etc.; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity; to ascend to
our first progenitor.

Ask (v. i.) To request or petition; -- usually followed by for; as, to ask for
bread.

Ask (v. i.) To make inquiry, or seek by request; -- sometimes followed by

after.

Assay (v. i.) To attempt, try, or endeavor.

212
Assemble (v. i.) To meet or come together, as a number of individuals; to
convene; to congregate.

Assemble (v. i.) To liken; to compare.

Assimilate (v. i.) To become similar or like something else.

Assimilate (v. i.) To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it

a part of the substance of the assimilating body.

Assimilate (v. i.) To be converted into the substance of the assimilating

body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more
readily than others.

Assist (v. i.) To lend aid; to help.

Assist (v. i.) To be present as a spectator; as, to assist at a public

meeting.

Associate (v. i.) To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy;

as, congenial minds are disposed to associate.

Associate (v. i.) To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a

different part of the body.

213
Assonate (v. i.) To correspond in sound.

Assort (v. i.) To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall

into a class or place.

Assuage (v. i.) To abate or subside.

Assume (v. i.) To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due.

Assume (v. i.) To undertake, as by a promise.

Astert (v. i.) To escape.

Astipulate (v. i.) To assent.

Astronomize (v. i.) To study or to talk astronomy.

Atheize (v. i.) To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist.

Atone (v. i.) To agree; to be in accordance; to accord.

Atone (v. i.) To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation,

or amends, for an offense or a crime.

214
Atrophy (v. i.) To waste away; to dwindle.

Attach (v. i.) To adhere; to be attached.

Attach (v. i.) To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to
vest; as, dower will attach.

Attack (v. i.) To make an onset or attack.

Attain (v. i.) To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or

efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach.

Attain (v. i.) To come or arrive, by an effort of mind.

Attempt (v. i.) To make an attempt; -- with upon.

Attend (v. i.) To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive,
understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; -- usually followed
by to.

Attend (v. i.) To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance

of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; -- often followed
by on or upon.

215
Attend (v. i.) (with to) To take charge of; to look after; as, to attend to a
matter of business.

Attend (v. i.) To wait; to stay; to delay.

Attenuate (v. i.) To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.

Atticize (v. i.) To side with the Athenians.

Atticize (v. i.) To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or
modes of thought of the Athenians.

Attitudinize (v. i.) To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to

pose.

Audit (v. i.) To settle or adjust an account.

Augment (v. i.) To increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; as,
a stream augments by rain.

Augur (v. i.) To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to

foreshow.

Augur (v. i.) To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an

unfavorable issue; as, to augur well or ill.
216
Australize (v. i.) To tend toward the south pole, as a magnet.

Automaton (v. i.) Any thing or being regarded as having the power of
spontaneous motion or action.

Automaton (v. i.) A self-moving machine, or one which has its motive
power within itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which appear to imitate
spontaneously the motions of living beings, such as men, birds, etc.

Avail (v. i.) To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have

strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea
in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will
not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease.

Avenge (v. i.) To take vengeance.

Average (v. i.) To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to
amount to, or to be, on an average; as, the losses of the owners will
average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in length.

Avert (v. i.) To turn away.

Avise (v. i.) To consider; to reflect.

217
Avoid (v. i.) To retire; to withdraw.

Avoid (v. i.) To become void or vacant.

Avolate (v. i.) To fly away; to escape; to exhale.

Await (v. i.) To watch.

Await (v. i.) To wait (on or upon).

Await (v. i.) To wait; to stay in waiting.

Awake (v. i.) To cease to sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep;
and, figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or death.

Award (v. i.) To determine; to make an award.

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218
 POSITIVE VERBS STARTING WITH A
Abide to bear patiently; to tolerate; to endure; to sustain; to submit to;
remain or continue in a state.

Abound to be in highly productive; be in a state of action or movement;

be abundant, plentiful or prevalent; be fully filled or supplied; exist in large
amounts, numbers or quantities.

Absolve to free from a penalty, obligation or responsibility; to pardon; to

finish; to accomplish; to resolve; to explain.

Abstract to summarize; epitomize; to create an abstraction.

Accelerate to act or move faster; to quicken the motion of; to increase or

add the speed of; to gain speed; to hasten (especially the development or
progress of); to progress from grade to grade more quickly than usual.

Accept to receive, admit or agree; give an affirmative reply or respond

favorably to; to assent to; accommodate or tolerate oneself to; to consider
or hold as proper, right, true or usual; admit into a
community or group.

Access to gain, obtain or reach access to.

219
Acclaim to applaud and praise enthusiastically (especially publicly);
express or shout approval

Accommodate to render fit, correspondent or suitable; to adapt; to

conform; to favor; to oblige; supply with; to provide for.

Accomplish to put in effect; to gain with effort or bring to an issue of full

success; to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; to complete.

Accord to be in agreement, harmony or unity; to cause to agree or

conform; to grant (especially as being appropriate or due); to give
consent; to bestow upon.

Account to relate; to explain; to reckon; to compute; to count.

Accredit to believe; to credit; to put trust in; grant credentials to; ascribe
an achievement to.

Accrue to increase; to accumulate; to augment; come into the possession

of.

Accumulate to pile or gather up; amass; increase; to bring or collect

together.

220
Accustom to make physically or psychologically used; make someone or
something accept something as usual or normal; to familiarize; to
habituate.

Aced to get the better of; to receive a grade of A on; to perform with
distinction on.

Achieve to carry out or perform with success; accomplish; finish; to gain

or obtain; win.

Acknowledge to accept or admit the existence or truth of; express

recognition, obligation, gratitude or thanks for.

Acquaint to make someone aware of or familiar with; inform; familiarize.

Acquiesce to rest or remain at rest apparently satisfied and without

objection; to agree; to express agreement.

Acquire to gain or get something; to win something.

Acquit to clear off; to pay off; to requite; to release, rescue, set free or
discharge from an obligation, duty, liability, burden or from an accusation
or charge.

221
Act to behave, perform or play; to carry out an action or be in engaged in
an activity; to behave in a certain manner

Activate to put or set into action, motion or work; to turn on; intensify;
make active or more active.

Actualize to make concrete or real; give substance or reality to; to portray

or describe realistically.

Adapt to fit for or make suitable to a specific use or situation.

Add to join or unite so as to increase in quantity, quality, size or scope; to

make or create an addition.

Address to speak to or greet (especially with prescribed title or name); to

direct the attention or efforts of; to aim; to prepare.

Adhere to be in support of something or remain devoted to; to be loyal to;

to carry out an operation, plan or scheme; to cleave or stick fast; to
become attached, joined or united; be in accordance or compatible with.

Adjust to make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to

bring into proper relations; to adapt or conform oneself; to improve as to
achieve better accuracy.

222
Administer to manage; to minister; to have charge of; apply or give
(especially medications).

Admire to regard with wonder, astonishment, admiration or delight; to

view with surprise or with admiration or elevated feeling of pleasure; to
marvel at.

Adopt to assume; to take on; to choose and take or approve.

Adore to love unquestioningly, intensely or to excess; venerate as an

idol; to worship.

Adorn to make more beautiful or attractive; to decorate.

Adulate to admire or praise excessively.

Advance to bring forward; to move towards the front; to improve or make

progress; to make to go on; to raise; to elevate; to promote; to lend or
supply.

Advertise to make known or public; call attention to; try to sell something.

Advise to counsel; to recommend; to inform; to offer an opinion; to inform.

Advocate to plead, speak or argue in favor of; push for something.

223
Affiliate to trace origin to; keep company or become closely connected
with; hang out with; to accept as a member.

Affirm to make firm; to confirm; ratify; strengthen or establish as with new

evidence or facts positively.

Afford to provide, furnish, supply or make available; to be able to buy or

pay something; to manage.

Agree to approve; accede; grant; correspond; to be appropriate, suitable,

healthful, pleasing or consistent.

Aid to give help, support or assistance; be of service; improve.

Aim to direct or move toward a particular goal or thing; to propose or

intend to do something.

Align to form in line, move or adjust into proper orientation or relationship.

Allay to calm, alleviate or relieve; abate.

Alleviate to ease, lighten or make less severe (especially pain); provide

relief.

224
Allocate to assign or distribute (especially according to a plan); to
localize; to designate.

Allow to permit; to let happen or do; to grant; to like; to assign.

Allure to attract; to entice; to be highly attractive.

Ally to become an associate or ally; to unite or form friendly relationship.

Amaze to affect with wonder; bewilder; astonish.

Ameliorate to become or make better; to improve; to heal; to meliorate.

Amend to make or become better; to remove the errors or faults; to

enrich (especially soil).

Amp to amplify.

Amplify to become or make more intense, larger, potent, powerful or

significant.

Analyze to examine methodically and carefully; break down into essential

features or components.

225
Anoint to choose or nominate someone as leading candidate for or
successor to a position; to choose as if by divine intervention; to apply or
put on ointment, oil or similar substance as a sacred rite
(especially for consecration).

Answer to act, speak or write as a return as to question; to respond; to be

accountable; to correspond or conform to.

Anticipate to realize or feel beforehand; to act in advance of; foresee; to

be eager and excited about; accelerate.

Apologize to write or make an apology; defend; acknowledge

shortcomings, faults or failing.

Appeal to make an earnest request (especially as for help); to be

interesting or attractive.

Appease to make quiet; to calm; to relieve or satisfy; cause to be more

favorably inclined; to gain the good will of; make or bring peace with.

Applaud to praise and express approval (especially by clapping the

hands together); to commend highly.

226
Apply to bring into contact or nearness with something; to put into action,
use or service; to address or direct; to seek or request assistance,
admission or employment.

Appoint to establish; to fix with firmness or power; to set apart, assign or

designate (especially by authority); to furnish or equip.

Appraise to evaluate or estimate the quality, size, amount and the like; to
commend; to praise.

Appreciate to set a value or price on; to estimate justly; to value; to be

sensible of; to distinguish; regard or admire highly; think much of; to
recognize the significance or quality of.

Apprentice to be an apprentice to; to take or place on as a beginner or

learner.

Approve to show to be true or real; to regard as good and acceptable; to

demonstrate.

Arbitrate to judge; to decide and hear; to determine; to act as judge or

arbitrator.

Arise to rise or get up (especially as from a prone or sitting position); to

get up and awaken or come into existence; to move upward; ascend;
originate; to come into being; to proceed, issue or result.

227
Arouse to call forth (especially emotions, feelings and responses); excite;
to wake from sleep or become conscious.

Arrange to organize; to prepare or plan for; to adjust; to settle; to come to

an agreement.

Ascend to move, go or slope upward; to move upward along or upon; to

rise or move up to a higher professional or social rank, station or level; to
advance; to succeed.

Ascertain to discover; find out or learn definitely or with certainty; to make

sure of.

Aspire to desire or hope with eagerness; to seek to attain something high

or great.

Assemble to put or gather together; to liken; to compare.

Assent to agree as to a proposal or give approval to; concur.

Assess to estimate, determine or judge the value, significance or extent

of; to charge.

228
Assign to appoint; to allot; to make over; to specify; to select or fix; to
pass over or transfer property; give out; to attribute.

Assist to support or give aid; to help.

Associate to connect or join together; join as an ally, friend or partner;

form an association, league or union; to combine; to accompany.

Assure to inform positively or give confidence to; to make secure, safe or

sure; to guarantee; to promise.

Astonish to affect with sudden amazement or wonder.

Astound to strike with amazement, wonderment or surprise.

Atone to harmonize or reconcile; to agree; to conciliate.

Attain to obtain or gain possession of; to accomplish or achieve; to come

or arrive.

Attend to be present at; deal with or take charge of; heed; to listen to; to
pay attention.

229
Attest to authenticate; affirm to be correct, genuine or true; to certify in an
official capacity or by signature; to supply evidence of.

Attract to arouse admiration, attention or interest; to pull toward

(especially without touching).

Attribute to associate authorship or ownership of something to someone;

credit to.

Audit to examine, correct or verify (especially financial accounts); to

attend (especially courses, lectures and classes as an auditor).

Augment to increase or enlarge in amount, size or degree; to grow;

intensify.

Authorize to grant permission, power or authority to; to make legal; to

justify.

Automate to make automatic; control or operate automatically.

Award to grant or give as merited or due (especially as a reward or

honor).
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230
 Verbs That Start With A
As you anticipate the latest release from your favorite author, do you ever
wonder how many new vocabulary words you'll learn from him or her?
The more we read, the more we strengthen our vocabulary. A nice way to
bolster this activity is to keep a list of interesting vocabulary words at
hand. Every time you pick up a new word, add it to your ever-growing list.

Until you have time to pick up the latest bestseller from your favorite
author, take a look at these 50 verbs that start with A.

What Is a Verb?
A verb expresses action or a state of being. In English, every word sits in
a specific place and plays a specific role in a sentence. As such, verbs
typically come after the subject of the sentence and before the object of
the sentence.

For example, "Adam and Amy adopt a new puppy every year." In this
sentence, "Adam and Amy" are the subject, "adopt" is the verb showing
action, and "puppy" is the object receiving the action of the verb.
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231
 50 Verbs Starting With A
Be sure to abandon anyone who attempts to abase your writing skills
without offering constructive criticism. In the meantime, enjoy these 50
verbs that start with the letter A.

1. Abandon - to leave something behind

2. Abase - to make someone lower, by humiliation or demotion

3. Abate - to become less or lower in amount or force than at a prior time

4. Abbreviate - to use a shortened form of something to represent the full

form

5. Abduct - to illegally take away a person by using force or coercion

6. Abolish - to destroy, get rid of, or stop something

7. Absorb - to soak up

8. Accept - to willingly take, receive, or agree to an object or idea

9. Accuse - to say another person is at fault for doing something wrong

232
10. Act - to do something

11. Adjust - to change something to a better fit or to be more suitable

12. Admire - to regard someone or something with delight and approval

13. Adopt - to willingly take one into a relationship, particularly in the case
of an orphaned child

14. Adore - to worship, honor, or be very fond of

15. Advise - to offer a suggestion about what should be done in a situation

16. Affect - to produce a change in something

17. Afford - to be able to have something without negative consequences

18. Agree - to have the same opinion or views

19. Aim - to point or direct with a particular goal in mind

20. Allow - to permit or to give permission

233
21. Alter - to make something different without completely changing it

22. Amend - to modify or alter something, often for the better

23. Amuse - to remain occupied in a pleasant manner, usually by doing

something enjoyable

24. Analyse (or analyze) - to learn about something by looking closely at

its individual parts and determining how they work together

25. Announce - to make something publicly known

26. Annoy - to irritate or disturb

27. Answer - to give a response to a question

28. Anticipate - to complete a task before a deadline

29. Appeal - to make an urgent request for something necessary or

desired

30. Appear - to seem or look a certain way

31. Applaud - to show approval or praise, usually with hand clapping

234
32. Apply - to go through the proper steps to be granted a request

33. Appoint - to choose an individual for a position or office

34. Approach - to move close to something

35. Approve - to say you like something or you are alright with it
happening

36. Argue - to verbally disagree with someone

37. Arrive - to show up for something or to reach a destination

38. Ask - to inquire about something in order to get an answer, response,

or action

39. Aspire - to work toward a goal you strongly want to reach

40. Assault - to cause harm to someone, to threaten harm, or to try and

cause harm

41. Assert - to make a statement with full confidence of its factuality

235
42. Assign - to distribute a job or responsibility

43. Assist - to provide help

44. Assume - to formulate an idea for which there is no evidence

45. Assure - to make a statement to inspire morale or belief in someone

46. Attach - to make something stick or physically connect to something

else

47. Attempt - to make an effort to do something

48. Attend - to be present at something

49. Avert - to keep something from happening

50. Avoid - to keep something from coming near, affecting you, or

happening to you
========================================================

236
 Types of Verbs
The main category of verbs is action verbs. Action verbs, also known as
dynamic verbs, express the action of the sentence, whether that's
physical or mental. For example, "I did everything I could to avert my eyes
from the crash." Here's a more thorough list of action verb examples.

Another category of verbs is linking verbs. Linking verbs are typically "to
be" verbs, as in "am," "is," "are," "was," and "were." They link the subject
with more information. For example, "We are sworn enemies."

Then, things get really interesting when we consider irregular verbs.

Regular verbs change from present tense to past tense with the simple
addition of -ed at the end. For example, "I don't approve of Harold and I
never approved of Daniel." Irregular verbs, however, live by their own set
of rules. In fact, there's no rhyme or reason to their shape-shifting manner.
For example: "I usually awake at dawn but, today, I awoke at noon."

The only way to familiarize yourself with irregular verbs is to memorize

them. Be sure to review this list of irregular verbs to commit some of the
most popular ones to memory.
========================================================

237
 Example Sentences
1. I never wanted to abandon my house in London.

2. Will you accept my apology?

3. We must adjust our timeline if we're going to make it on time.

4. Let's agree to disagree.

5. Would you like me to announce your arrival?

6. I'm going to anticipate nothing but rainbows and sunshine.

7. It's time to appoint him as chairman.

8. Mom said we're never to assume anything when it comes to him.

9. Our professor loves to assign exciting projects.

10. Do you know how to attach a hitch to a car?

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www.tfd.com
238
 Phrasal Verbs 1
Account for :~ To explain
They had to ACCOUNT FOR all the money that had gone missing.
Ache for :~ Want something or someone a lot
My partner's been away for a fortnight. I am ACHING FOR her.
Act on :~ To take action because of something like information received
The police were ACTING ON a tip from an informer and caught the gang
red-handed.
Act out :~
1. Perform something with actions and gestures
They ACTED OUT the story on stage.
2. Express an emotion in your behaviour
Their anger is ACTED OUT in their antisocial behaviour.
Act up :~ Behave badly or strangely
My computer's ACTING UP. I think I might have a virus.
Add on :~ Include in a calculation
You have to ADD the VAT ON to the price they give.
Add up :~
1. To make a mathematical total
We ADDED UP the bill to check it was correct.
2. Be a satisfactory explanantion for something

239
She explained why the work wasn't ready, but her story doesn't ADD UP.
Add up to :~ Have a certain result
Trains delays are getting worse and with the high fares, it all ADDS UP TO
misery for the commuters.
Aim at :~ To target
The magazine is AIMED AT teenagers.
Allow for :~ Include something in a plan or calculation
You should ALLOW FOR delays when planning a journey.
Angle for :~ Try to get something indirectly, by hinting or suggesting
He's been ANGLING FOR an invitation, but I don't want him to come.
Answer back :~ To reply rudely to someone in authority
Her mother was shocked when she started ANSWERING her BACK and
refusing to help.
Answer for :~
1. Be held responsible for a problem
The government should be made to ANSWER FOR their failure to sort out
the problem.
2. Speak on behalf of someone or from knowing them
I can ANSWER FOR my partner because I know her position on this
issue.
Argue out :~ Argue about a problem to find a solution
If we can't ARGUE our differences OUT, we'll have to take them to court.

240
Ask after :~ Enquire about someone's health, how life is going
Jenny rang earlier and ASKED AFTER you, so I told her you were fine.
Ask around :~
1. Ask a number of people for information of help
I have no idea, but I'll ASK AROUND at work and see if anyone can help.
2. Invite someone
We ASKED them AROUND for dinner.
Ask for :~ To provoke a negative reaction
You're ASKING FOR trouble.
Ask in :~ To invite somebody into your house
Jon's at the door. ASK him IN.
Ask out :~ To invite someone for a date
He wanted to ASK her OUT but was too shy.
Ask over :~ Invite
They have ASKED us OVER for drinks on Friday.
Ask round :~ Invite someone
We ASKED John ROUND for diner.
Auction off :~ Sell something in an auction
They AUCTIONED OFF their property as they were heavily in debt.
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241
 Phrasal Verbs 2
account for FORMAL
If you account for something, you explain how it came to be the way it is.
act as
to perform the same function as a particular person or thing
act for
If you act for someone, you represent them.
act on
If you act on somebody's advice, you do as they suggest.
act out
If you act out, you express your feelings through acts or words.
act up INFORMAL
If a part of your body or a piece of equipment acts up, it doesn't work
properly.
add to
If something adds to something, it makes it better, greater, stronger or
more extreme in some way.
add up
to add two or more numbers in order to find the total amount
add up to
If two or more numbers add up to another number, this is the total you get
if you add them together.
adhere to FORMAL
If you adhere to a law, a rule or a contract, you obey it or follow it.

242
advise against FORMAL
to suggest to someone that they should not do something they are
thinking of doing
advise of FORMAL
If you advise someone of something, you tell them about it.
agree with
If a certain place or lifestyle agrees with you, it suits you and is good for
you.
aim at
If you aim a product or a creative work at a particular group of people, you
see those people as your market or your audience.
allow for
to consider something, or take it into account, when making plans or
making a decision
allude to FORMAL
to mention or refer to something or someone in an indirect way
amount to
to be similar to, or to have the same effect as
answer back
to reply rudely to someone who is in a position of authority, such as a
teacher, a parent or a coach
answer for
to be held responsible for something
appeal for

243
to ask for something, usually in order to help deal with a crisis or an
emergency
appeal to
If something appeals to you, you like it.
apply to
If something applies to you, it is relevant to you or you are affected by it.
arrive at
to reach a result, a conclusion or a decision after considering relevant
factors or details
ask after
If you ask after someone, you ask about them when you talk to someone
who's seen them recently.
ask for
to let someone know that you'd like them to give you something
ask out
If you ask somebody out, you ask someone you like to go on a date with
you.
ask over
If you ask some people over, you invite them to your house.
associate with
If you associate with someone, you regularly spend time with them.
attach to
to believe that something has importance or significance in relation to
something else

244
attend to
to deal with something or someone
attribute to
to believe that something results directly from a certain event or fact
auction off
to sell something to the highest bidder at an auction
average out at
to come to a certain amount on average
========================================================
idioms 1
A barking dog seldom bites
A person who readily threatens other people does not often take action.

A bit much
If something is excessive or annoying, it is a bit much.

A bridge too far

A bridge too far is an act of overreaching- going too far and getting into
trouble or failing.

A chain is no stronger than its weakest link

This means that processes, organisations, etc, are vulnerable because
the weakest person or part can always damage or break them.

245
A day late and a dollar short
If something is a day late and a dollar short, it is too little, too late.

A fool and his money are soon parted

This idiom means that people who aren't careful with their money spend it
quickly. 'A fool and his money are easily parted' is an alternative form of
the idiom.

A fool at 40 is a fool forever

If someone hasn't matured by the time they reach forty, they never will.

A fresh pair of eyes

A person who is brought in to examine something carefully is a fresh pair
of eyes.

A hitch in your giddy-up

If you have a hitch in your giddy-up, you're not feeling well. ('A hitch in
your gritty-up' is also used.)

A leap in the dark

An action or a risk that you take without having much idea about what will
happen as a result.

246
A lick and a promise
If you give something a lick and a promise, you do it hurriedly, most often
incompletely, intending to return to it later.

A light purse is a heavy curse

Life is difficult when you don't have much money.

A List
Prominent and influential people who comprise the most desirable guests
at a social function or gathering.

A little bird told me

If someone doesn't want to say where they got some information from,
they can say that a little bird told them.

A little learning is a dangerous thing

A small amount of knowledge can cause people to think they are more
expert than they really are.
e.g. he said he'd done a course on home electrics, but when he tried to
mend my table lamp, he fused all the lights! I think a little learning is a
dangerous thing

A long row to hoe

Something that is a long row to hoe is a difficult task that takes a long
time.

247
A lost ball in the high weeds
A lost ball in the high weeds is someone who does not know what they
are doing, where they are or how to do something.

A lot on my plate
If you have got a lot on your plate, you are very busy and have
commitments.

A month of Sundays
A month of Sundays is a long period of time: I haven't seen her in a month
of Sundays.

A OK (not an OK)
If things are A OK, they are absolutely fine.

A penny for your thoughts

This idiom is used as a way of asking someone what they are thinking
about.

A penny saved is a penny earned

Saving money is just as important as earning money- we shouldn't spend
it foolishly.

248
A picture is worth a thousand words
A picture can often get a message across much better than the best
verbal description.

A poor man's something

Something or someone that can be compared to something or someone
else, but is not as good is a poor man's version; a writer who uses lots of
puns but isn't very funny would be a poor man's Oscar Wilde.

A pretty penny
If something costs a pretty penny, it is very expensive.

A problem shared is a problem halved

If you talk about your problems, it will make you feel better.

A rising tide lifts all boats

This idiom, coined by John F Kennedy, describes the idea that when an
economy is performing well, all people will benefit from it.

A rolling stone gathers no moss

People say this to mean that an ambitious person is more successful than
a person not trying to achieve anything. Originally it meant the opposite
and was critical of people trying to get ahead.

A shallow brook babbles the loudest

249
People who are loud and talk a lot usually have nothing of substance to
say. This contrasts with "Still waters run deep." Other versions are
"Shallow brooks babble loudest" and "Shallow brooks are noisy."

A slice off a cut loaf is never missed

Used colloquially to describe having sexual intercourse with someone
who is not a virgin, especially when they are in a relationship. The
analogy refers to a loaf of bread; it is not readily apparent, once the end
has been removed, exactly how many slices have been taken.
('You never miss a slice from a cut loaf' is also used.)

A steal
If something is a steal, it costs much less than it is really worth.

A still tongue keeps a wise head

Wise people don't talk much.

A textbook case
A textbook case, it is a classic or common example of something.

A tumbleweed moment
A period of stunned silence when someone says something particularly
stupid or offensive is a tumbleweed moment.

A watched pot never boils

250
Some things work out in their own time, so being impatient and constantly
checking will just make things seem longer.

A1
If something is A1, it is the very best or finest.

ABC
ABC means the basics of something- knowing the ABC of science, etc.
Meaning: basic terms or basic steps example: she don't know even ABC
steps in dance.

Abide by a decision
If you abide by a decision, you accept it and comply with it, even though
you might disagree with it.

Abject lesson
An abject lesson serves as a warning to others. (In some varieties of
English 'object lesson' is used.)

About as useful as a chocolate teapot

Someone or something that is of no practical use is about as useful as a
chocolate teapot.

About face

251
If someone changes their mind completely, this is an about face. It can be
used when companies, governments, etc, change their position on an
issue.

Above and beyond

This means more than what is expected or required.

Above board
If things are done above board, they are carried out in a legal and proper
manner.

Above par
Better than average or normal

Above the fold

If a news story is important, it will be above the fold- in the top half of the
page of a newspaper.

Above the salt

This means that something or someone has a high position.

Absence makes the heart grow fonder

This idiom means that when people are apart, their love grows stronger.

252
Accident waiting to happen
If something is an accident waiting to happen, there's definitely going to
be an accident or it's bound to go wrong. ('Disaster waiting to happen' is
also used.)

Ace in the hole

An ace in the hole is something other people are not aware of that can be
used to your advantage when the time is right.

Ace up your sleeve

If you have an ace up your sleeve, you have something that will give you
an advantage that other people don't know about.

Achilles' heel
A person's weak spot is their Achilles' heel.

Acid test
An acid test is something that proves whether something is good,
effective, etc, or not.

Across the board

If something applies to everybody, it applies across the board.

Across the ditch

253
This idiom means on the other side of the Tasman Sea, used to refer to
Australia or New Zealand depending on the speaker's location.

Across the pond

This idiom means on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, used to refer to
the US or the UK depending on the speaker's location.

Act of God
An act of God is something like an earthquake or floods that human
beings cannot prevent or control.

Act of war
An act of war is a action that is either intended to start a war or that is
interpreted as being sufficient cause for a war.

Act your age, not your shoe size

Stop behaving immaturely- it is often said to adults who are acting like
overgrown children and to school-age children who are acting like
overgrown toddlers.

Actions speak louder than words

This idiom means that what people actually do is more important than
what they say- people can promise things but then fail to deliver.

Adam's ale

254
(dated, humorous) water

Adam's apple
The Adam's apple is a bulge in the throat, mostly seen in men.

Add fuel to the fire

If people add fuel to the fire, they make a bad situation worse.

Add insult to injury

When people add insult to injury, they make a bad situation even worse.

After the watershed

The watershed is the time limit after which more controversial subjects,
bad language, etc, can be shown on TV in some countries, so if it's after
the watershed, then discussions can be freer, franker and more
controversial.

After your own heart

A person after your own heart thinks the same way as you.

Against the clock

If you do something against the clock, you are rushed and have very little
time to do it.

255
Against the grain
If doing something goes against the grain, you're unwilling to do it
because it contradicts what you believe in, but you have no real choice.

Against your better judgment

If you do something against your better judgment, you do it even though
you do not think you should. You can also do something against someone
else's better judgment.

Age before beauty

When this idiom is used, it is a way of allowing an older person to do
something first, though often in a slightly sarcastic way.

Agony aunt
An agony aunt is a newspaper columnist who gives advice to people
having problems, especially personal ones.

Ahead of the curve

Similar to ahead of the pack, ahead of the curve literally refers to your
position on the statistical bell curve, where the top of the curve represents
the median, average result. By being ahead of the curve you represent
the top percentile of results that either has the advanced skills or
understanding that sets you apart.

256
Ahead of the pack
If you are ahead of the pack, you have made more progress than your
rivals.

Ahead of time
If something happens ahead of time, it happens early or before the set
time.

Air your dirty laundry in public

If you air your dirty laundry in public, you reveal aspects of your private life
that should really remain private, by telling a secret, arguing in public, etc.

Albatross around your neck

An albatross around, or round, your neck is a problem resulting from
something you did that stops you from being successful.

Alike as two peas

If people or things are as alike as two peas, they are identical.

Alive and kicking

If something is active and doing well, it is alive and kicking. (It can be
used for people too.)

All ages and stripes

257
A shorthand for expressing a diversity of folks in a group

All along
If you have known or suspected something all along, then you have felt
this from the beginning.

All and sundry

This idiom is a way of emphasising 'all', like saying 'each and every one'.

All bark and no bite

When someone talks tough but really isn't, they are all bark and no bite.

All bets are off

If all bets are off, then agreements that have been made no longer apply.

All but
If someone all but does something, they almost do it, but don't manage to.

All cats are grey in the dark

Things are indistinguishable in the dark so appearances don't matter.
('All cats are grey at night' is also used.)

All dressed up and nowhere to go

258
You're prepared for something that isn't going to happen.

All ears
If someone says they're all ears, they are very interested in hearing about
something.

All eyes on me
If all eyes are on someone, then everyone is paying attention to them.

All fingers and thumbs

If you're all fingers and thumbs, you are too excited or clumsy to do
something properly that requires manual dexterity. 'All thumbs' is an
alternative form of the idiom.

All hat, no cattle

When someone talks big, but cannot back it up, they are all hat, no cattle.
('Big hat, no cattle' is also used.)

All heart
Someone who is all heart is very kind and generous.

All hell broke loose

When all hell breaks loose, there is chaos, confusion and trouble.

259
All in a day's work
If something is all in a day's work, it is nothing special.

All in your head

If something is all in your head, you have imagined it and it is not real.

All mod cons

If something has all mod cons, it has all the best and most desirable
features. It is an abbreviation of 'modern convenience' that was used in
house adverts.

All mouth and trousers

Someone who's all mouth and trousers talks or boasts a lot but doesn't
deliver. 'All mouth and no trousers' is also used, though this is a
corruption of the original.

All my eye and Peggy Martin

An idiom that appears to have gone out of use but was prevalent in the
English north Midlands of Staffordshire, Cheshire and Derbyshire from at
least the turn of the 20th century until the early 1950s or so. The idiom's
meaning is literally something said or written that is unbelievable, rumour,
over embellished, the result of malicious village gossip etc.

All of the above

260
This idiom can be used to mean everything that has been said or written,
especially all the choices or possibilities.

All over bar the shouting

When something is all over bar the shouting, the outcome is absolutely
certain.
('All over but the shouting' is also used.)

All over Hell's half acre

If you have been all over Hell's half acre, you have been traveling and
visiting many more places than originally intended, usually because you
were unsuccessful in finding what you were looking for.
It can also be used to mean everywhere.

All over the map

If something like a discussion is all over the map, it doesn't stick to the
main topic and goes off on tangents.

All over the place

If something is completely disorganised or confused, it is all over the
place.

All over the shop

If something is completely disorganised or confused, it is all over the
shop.

261
All over the show
If something is all over the show, it's in a complete mess.
An alternative to 'All over the shop'.

All roads lead to Rome

This means that there can be many different ways of doing something.

All set
If you're all set, you are ready for something.

All sixes
If something is all sixes, it doesn't matter how it's done; it's the same as
'six of one and half a dozen of the other'.

All skin and bone

If a person is very underweight, they are all skin and bone, or bones.

All square
If something is all square, nobody has an advantage or is ahead of the
others.

All talk and no trousers

Someone who is all talk and no trousers, talks about doing big, important
things, but doesn't take any action.

262
All that glitters is not gold
This means that appearances can be deceptive and things that look or
sound valuable can be worthless. ('All that glistens is not gold' is an
alternative.)

All the rage

If something's all the rage, it is very popular or fashionable at the moment.

All the tea in China

If someone won't do something for all the tea in China, they won't do it no
matter how much money they are offered.

All things to all people

When we try to be all things to all people, we try to satifsy everyone, and
often end up satisfying no one.

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

This expression means that people need time off from working and if they
don't get it, they will become bored and lack interest and enthusiasm.
(It is often shortened to All work and no play.)

All your eggs in one basket

If you put all your eggs in one basket, you risk everything at once, instead
of trying to spread the risk. (This is often used as a negative imperative-

263
'Don't put all your eggs in one basket'. 'Have your eggs in one basket' is
also used.)

All's fair in love and war

This idiom is used to say that where there is conflict, people can be
expected to behave in a more vicious way.

All's well that ends well

If the end result is good, then everything is good.

All-rounder
An all-rounder is someone of wide-ranging skills or great versatility.
someone who is expert in many things, especially if they are good at all
areas of a sport.

All-singing, all-dancing
If something's all-singing, all-dancing, it is the latest version with the most
up-to-date features.

Almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

Used in response to someone saying "almost" in a win/lose situation. The
full expression is "Almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades."
An alternate form puts "and flinging shit from a shovel" at the end.

Alter ego

264
An alter ego is a very close and intimate friend. It is a Latin phrase that
literally means 'other self'.

Always a bridesmaid, never a bride

If someone is always a bridesmaid, never a bride, they never manage to
fulfil their ambition- they get close, but never manage the recognition, etc,
they crave.

Ambulance chaser
A lawyer who encourages people who have been in accidents or become
ill to sue for compensation is an ambulance chaser.

Amen
Some use 'Amen' or 'Amen to that' as a way of agreeing with something
that has just been said.

An apple a day keeps the doctor away

Eating healthy food keeps you healthy.

An Englishman's home is his castle

This means that what happens in a person's home or private life is their
business and should not be subject to outside interference.

An old flame

265
An old flame is a person that somebody has had an emotional, usually
passionate, relationship with, who is still looked on fondly and with
affection.

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

This expression means that is is better to try to avoid problems in the first
place, rather than trying to fix them once they arise.

And all that jazz

This idiom means that everything related or similar is included.

Angry as a bear
If someone is as angry as a bear, they are very angry.
('Angry as a bear with a sore foot' is also used.)

Angry as a bull
If someone is as angry as a bull, they are very angry.

Answers on a postcard
This idiom can be used to suggest that the answer to something is very
obvious or that the person would really like to hear what people think.

Ants in your pants

266
If someone has ants in their pants, they are agitated or excited about
something and can't keep still.

Any port in a storm

This means that in an emergency any solution will do, even one that
would normally be unacceptable.

Any Tom, Dick or Harry

If something could be done by any Tom, Dick or Harry, it could be done
by absolutely anyone.

Apple of your eye

Something or, more often, someone that is very special to you is the
'apple of your' eye.

Apple pie order

Everything is in perfect order and tidy if it is in apple pie order.

Apples and oranges

'Apples and oranges' used when people compare or describe two totally
different things. ('Apples to oranges' is also used.)

Apples for apples

An apples for apples comparison is a comparison between related or
similar things. ('Apples to apples' is also used.)
267
Apron strings
A man who is tied to a woman's apron strings is excessively dependent
on her, especially when it is his mother's apron strings.

Argue the toss

If you argue the toss, you refuse to accept a decision and argue about it.

Arm and a leg

If something costs an arm and a leg, it is very expensive.

Armchair critic
An armchair critic is someone who offers advice but never shows that
they could actually do any better.

Armchair quarterback
An armchair quarterback is someone who offers advice, especially about
football, but never shows that they could actually do any better.

Armed to the teeth

If people are armed to the teeth, they have lots of weapons.

Around the clock

If something is open around the clock, it is open 24 hours a day. For
example, an airport is open around the clock.

268
Arrow in the quiver
An arrow in the quiver is a strategy or option that could be used to
achieve your objective.

As a rule
If you do something as a rule, then you usually do it.

As cold as ice
This idiom can be used to describe a person who does not show any
emotion.

As cold as stone
If something is as cold as stone, it is very cold. If a person is as cold as
stone, they are unemotional.

As cool as a cucumber
If someone is as cool as a cucumber, they don't get worried by anything.

As good as new
If something has been used but is still in extremely good condition, it is as
good as new.

As good as your word

269
If you say you will do something and then do it, you are as good as your
word.

As mad as a hatter
This simile means that someone is crazy or behaves very strangely. In the
past many people who made hats went insane because they had a lot of
contact with mercury.

As mad as a wrongly shot hog

If someone is as mad as a wrongly shot hog, they are very angry. (Same
as, Angry as a bear or Angry as a bull).

As much use as a chocolate fire-guard

A fire-guard is used in front of a fireplace for safety. A chocolate fire-guard
is of no use. An alternative to 'As much use as a chocolate teapot'.

As much use as a chocolate teapot

Something that is as much use as a chocolate teapot is not useful at all.

As much use as a handbrake on a canoe

This idiom is used to describe someone or something as worthless or
pointless.

As neat as a new pin

This idiom means tidy and clean.
270
As one man
If people do something as one man, then they do it at exactly the same
time or in complete agreement.

As rare as hen's teeth

Something that is rare as hen's teeth is very rare or non-existent.

As the actress said to the bishop

This idiom is used to highlight a sexual reference, deliberate or accidental.

As the crow flies

This idiom is used to describe the shortest possible distance between two
places.

As you sow, so shall you reap

This means that if you do bad things to people, bad things will happen to
you, or good things if you do good things.

Asleep at the switch

If someone is asleep at the switch, they are not doing their job or taking
their responsibilities very carefully. 'Asleep at the wheel' is an alternative.

Asleep at the wheel

271
If someone is asleep at the wheel, they are not doing their job or taking
their responsibilities very carefully. 'Asleep at the switch' is an alternative.

At a drop of a dime
If someone will do something at the drop of a dime, they will do it
instantly, without hesitation.

At a loose end
If you are at a loose end, you have spare time but don't know what to do
with it.

At a loss
If you are at a loss, you are unable to understand or comply.

At a snail's pace
If something moves at a snail's pace, it moves very slowly.

At a stretch
If you work for a period of time, like ten hours, at a stretch, you work
without breaks or interruptions.

At arm's length
If something is at arm's length, it is a safe distance away from you.

272
At cross purposes
When people are at cross purposes, they misunderstand each other or
have different or opposing objectives.

At daggers drawn
If people are at daggers drawn, they are very angry and close to violence.

At death's door
If someone is at death's door, they are very ill and close to death.
If someone looks as if they are at death's door, they look seriously unwell
and might actually be dying.

At each other's throats

If people are at each other's throats, they are fighting, arguing or
competing ruthlessly.

At every turn
If something happens at every turn, it happens repeatedly or constantly.

At full tilt
If something is at full tilt, it is going or happening as fast or as hard as
possible.

At gunpoint

273
If you have to do something at gunpoint, you are forced into doing it.

At large
If a criminal is at large, they have not been found or caught.

At loggerheads
If people are at loggerheads, they are arguing and can't agree on
anything.

At loose ends
If you are at a loose end, you have spare time but don't know what to do
with it.

At odds
If you are at odds with someone, you cannot agree with them and argue.

At sea
If things are at sea, or all at sea, they are disorganized and chaotic.

At the bottom of the totem pole

If someone is at the bottom of the totem pole, they are unimportant.
Opposite is at the top of the totem pole.

At the coalface

274
If you work at the coalface, you deal with the real problems and issues,
rather than sitting in a office discussing things in a detached way.

At the crossroads
If you're at a crossroads, you are a point where an important decision or
choice has to be made.

At the drop of a hat

If you would do something at the drop of a hat, you'd do it immediately.

At the end of the day

This is used to mean 'in conclusion' or 'when all is said and done'.

At the end of your rope

If you are at the end of your rope, you are at the limit of your patience or
endurance.

At the end of your tether

If you are at the end of your tether, you are at the limit of your patience or
endurance.

At the fore
In a leading position

275
At the top of my lungs
If you shout at the top of your lungs, you shout as loudly as you possibly
can.

At the top of the list

If something is at the top of the list, it is of highest priority, most important,
most urgent, or the next in one's line of attention.

At the top of your lungs

If you shout at the top of your lungs, you shout as loudly as you possibly
can.

At the top of your voice

If you talk, shout or sing at the top of your voice, you do it as loudly as you
can.

At your fingertips
When something is at your fingertips, it is readily available and
accessible.

At your wits' end

If you are at your wits' end, you have no idea what to do next and are very
frustrated.

Augean stables
276
An Augean stable is a place that is very dirty or corrupt. Cleaning an
Augean stable is trying to remove the dirt or corruption.

Average Joe
An average Joe is an ordinary person without anything exceptional about
them.

Avowed intent
If someone makes a solemn or serious promise publicly to attempt to
reach a certain goal, this is their avowed intent.

Away with the fairies

If someone is away with the fairies, they don't face reality and have
unrealistic expectations of life.

Awe inspiring
Something or someone that is awe inspiring amazes people in a slightly
frightening but positive way.

AWOL
AWOL stands for "Absent Without Leave", or "Absent Without Official
Leave". Originally a military term, it is used when someone has gone
missing without telling anyone or asking for permission.

Axe to grind

277
If you have an axe to grind with someone or about something, you have a
grievance, a resentment and you want to get revenge or sort it out. In
American English, it is 'ax'.
=======================================================
idioms 2
a bad penny
The phrase a bad penny refers to a person or thing which is unpleasant,
dishonourable, or unwanted that is likely to reappear, particularly at
inconvenient times.

The phrase a bad penny is usually used in the proverb:

A bad penny always turns up.

The origin of the phrase

The phrase 'a bad penny always turns up' is a very old saying. It is
worthwhile noting that pennies were ripe targets for counterfeiters. When
people discovered that those counterfeited pennies had reached their
pockets, the only solution available was to try to spend them as quickly as
possible. But because everyone was trying to get rid of those 'bad
pennies', the chance of encountering the very same one you had spent
earlier was quite high. Accordingly, the phrase 'bad penny' became an
expression referring to an unpopular or undesired thing or person that
keeps reappearing.

278
We thought we wouldn't see John again after what he did, but he showed
up at the party - a bad penny always turns up.

Category | money

a bit of fluff
(Also a bit of skirt.) A sexually attractive woman.

I saw him yesterday with a bit of fluff.

Category | sexuality

a breath of fresh air

said about a new, fresh, and imaginative approach, a change that feels
good.

The president says that the country needs a breath of fresh air.

Category | nature

a clean bill of health

said when you examine someone or something and state that they are
healthy, in good condition, or legal.

279
1. The president was given a clean bill of health by his doctors.
2. The company received a clean bill of health because it fulfilled all the
safety requirements.

Category | health

a dime's worth
an insignificant amount

At best, he'll make a dime's worth of difference with his interference in the
affair.

Category | money

a fact of life
This idiom is used to refer to something which is unpleasant and which
people accept because they cannot change it.

Violence has become a fact of life among teenagers these days.

Category | life

a fool and his money are soon parted

this means that stupid people spend money without thinking about it
enough.

280
John likes his extravagant lifestyle - but then a fool and his money are
soon parted.

Category | money

a life-saver
This phrase is used to refer to something or someone that saves a person
in a difficult situation or critical moment.

Thank you so much for your help. You're a real lifesaver!

Category | life

a little bird told me

said when you don't want reveal the source of your information.

"How did you know the news?"

"Oh, a little bird told me."

Category | animals

a lost ball in the weeds

The phrase a lost ball in the weeds refers to a person who is completely

281
lost or confused and does not know what they are doing, how to do it or
possibly even where they are.

I got confused as to what I should do. I was a lost ball in the weeds.

Category | sport

a man of action
a man who is inclined to act first rather than think about things and
discuss them.

Bill is really a man of action. Since he arrived at the top of the association,
he has done so many things.

Category | men and women

a man of few words

(also a woman of few words) a man who doesn't speak much. A man of
action

He is a man of few words. But when he speaks, he makes a lot of sense.

Category | men and women

282
a man's man
The phrase a man's man refers to a man known for traditionally
masculine interests and activities.

Alex is what you would call a man's man.

Category | men and women

a new lease of life

This idiom is used to refer to an occasion when something gives you the
chance to become happy or healthy and makes you more energetic than
before.

His new job has given him a new lease of life.

Category | life

a number cruncher
a number cruncher refers to someone whose job is to work with numbers
and mathematics. It may also refer to a computer that is able to solve
complicated problems of mathematics.

1. He's a number cruncher. He works for a big firm of accountants.

2. Number crunchers are used on election night to try and forecast the
result.

283
Category | numbers

a penny saved is a penny earned

If you say that a penny saved is a penny earned, you mean it is wise to
save money.

Another variation of this idiom is the following:

a penny saved is a penny gained.

Origin

The origin of the proverb is often attributed to Benjamin Franklin, in 'Poor

Richard’s Almanac'. It is, however, unlikely that he coined the phrase.

It is wise not to spend all you have got on things you don't need because,
you know what they say, a penny saved is a penny gained.

Category | money

a roof over your head

a place to live.

He was so poor that he didn't have a roof over his head.

Category | home

284
a slap in the face
If you describe something as a slap in the face, you mean that you feel it
as an insult or a rejection.

The origin of the idiom

Literally, a slap in the face would offend and embarrass the one who was
subject to it. Figuratively, the same thing would happen for an insult or a
rejection especially when they come as a surprise.

His criticism was a slap in the face for her.

I feel like the cheating was such a slap in the face.

"They could have done a lot of things, but no, what we got from this
government was a slap in the face."

"This is a huge slap in the face for those who do not believe in
democracy."

"When the announcement was made, it was a great slap in the face for
farmers to find out that agriculture is no longer important in today's
society."

Category | parts of the body

285
a steal
A steal refers to a good deal; it's almost like you stole it.

Category | crime

a watched pot never boils

This expression is used to mean that things appear to go more slowly if
one waits anxiously for it.

There's no point running downstairs for every mail delivery. A watched pot
never boils.

Category | furniture

a whole new ball game

a completely different situation.

He has written so many short stories but writing a novel is a whole new
ball game.

Category | sport

a woman of few words

(also a man of few words) a woman who doesn't speak much. A woman
of action

286
She is a woman of few words, but she always gets things done.

Category | men and women

a woman's work is never done

The proverb a woman's work is never done means that a woman often
works longer hours than a man because the housework and raising
children are jobs that never end.

The origin of the saying comes from an old rhymed couplet:

Man may work from sun to sun,

But woman's work is never done.

"A woman's work is never done!", said Leila. She added: "As soon as I
finish washing the breakfast dishes, it's time to start preparing lunch. Then
I have to go shopping and when the kids are back home I have to help
them with their homework."

Category | work

about as useful as a chocolate teapot

Saying something is about as useful as a chocolate teapot means that it is
totally useless.

287
A car in a heavy traffic jam is as useful as a chocolate teapot. Use a bike
instead!

Category | food

above suspicion
This phrase is used to describe a person who is honest enough that no
one would suspect.

The origin of the phrase is attributed to Julius Caesar, who divorced his
wife Pompeia, on the grounds of her possible involvement in a public
scandal, saying that "my wife ought not even to be under suspicion." This
gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: "Caesar's wife must be
above suspicion."

That guy is a peaceful man; he is above suspicion.

Category | law

above the law

Not subject to the law, exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else.

Nobody is above the law.

Category | law

288
above the salt
If someone is above the salt they are of high standing or honor.

The origin of the phrase dates back to the medieval times. Then salt
which was a valuable seasoning was placed in the middle of a dining
table and the lord and his family were seated "above the salt" and other
guests or servants below.

(See also below the salt)

In medieval times lords used to sit above the salt.

Category | food

Achilles heel
said about a strong situation which contains an element of vulnerability.

Journalists considered that minister as the government's Achilles heel.

Category | parts of the body

aching heart
The phrase aching heart is an idiomatic expression that refers to the
feeling of pain because of love.

My aching heart is telling me that he doesn't love me.

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Category | love

acid test
The idiom acid test refers to a decisive test whose findings show the
worth or quality of something.

Our team's next match will be the first real acid test in this competition.

Category | technology and science

act of God
something that occurred, such as an accident, for which no human is
responsible. A natural disaster such as a storm, earthquake...

The Haiti earthquake was really an act of God.

Category | religion

act one's age

To be mature and not childish.

Stop being childish and act your age.

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Category | age

Adam's ale
(old-fashioned) water.

Take a glass of Adam's ale if you are thirsty.

Category | religion

add fuel to the fire

(also add fuel to the flames) to make a problem worse; to say or do
something that makes a bad situation worse.

Don't add fuel to the fire by laughing at him. He is furious about what you
have already done

Category | nature

affinity for
said about you have attraction , preference or sympathy for something or
someone.

He has an affinity for classical music.

Category | relationship
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against the clock
To work or race against the clock means to do something as fast as
possible and try to finish it before a deadline.

The students were racing against the clock to finish the paper before the
deadline.

Category | time

against time
(also against the clock) an attempt to finish something quickly within a
time limit.

It's going to be a race against the time to finish the project before the
deadline.

Category | time

age before beauty

A phrase said to allow older people to go before younger ones. Now most
often used humorously or light-heartedly, and usually said by a younger
person to an older friend or relative out of mock pity for being so much
older and unattractive.

Please, you first. Age before beauty, you know.

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Category | age

age out of something

The phrase age out of something means to reach an age at which one
is no longer eligible for the system of care designed to provide services,
such as education or protection, for people below a certain age level.

He has aged out of the special student scholarship program.

Category | age

ahead of one's time

in advance of concurrent commonly accepted ideas; showing
characteristics of changes yet to be; present in one's work before later
advances in the field.

With his new scientific discoveries, he was ahead of his time.

Category | time

alive and kicking

(also be alive and well) to continue to be well, healthy or successful.

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1. Don't worry about your grandfather; he is alive and kicking.
2. Classical music is still alive and kicking among youngsters

Category | health

all cats are grey in the dark

The phrase all cats are grey in the dark means that in the dark, physical
appearance is unimportant.

The phrase is attributed to Benjamin Franklin.

I really don't care if she is ugly. All cats are gray in the dark.

Category | colors

all dressed up and nowhere to go

The phrase all dressed up and nowhere to go means getting ready for
something and then it never happened. The phrase may be used literally
or figuratively.

She was waiting for him but he never showed up. As usual, she was all
dressed up and nowhere to go.

Category | clothes

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all hat and no cattle
Describing someone who is full of big talk but lacking action, power, or
substance; pretentious.

We expect our president to be effective in his job, not a person who is all
hat and no cattle.

Category | clothes

all in a day's work

What is normal, typical or expected.

Grading my students' papers is all on a day's work for me.

Category | work

all one's eggs in one basket

the state of having invested heavily in just one area or of having devoted
all of one's resources to one thing.

The stock market decline wouldn't have hurt him so badly if he hadn't had
all his eggs in one basket

Category | food

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all that glitters is not gold
appearance is sometimes misleading. Things that appear valuable or
worthwhile might not be as good as they look.

The house looks beautiful from the outside but the inside part of the
house looks terrible; all that glitters is not gold.

Category | money

all that jazz

Everything else related to something; and other similar things.

They enjoyed the party: cocktails, dancing, and all that jazz.

Category | music

all the more

even more.

Her family didn't want her to get married to her new boyfriend, but that just
made her all the more determined.

Category | general

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all walks of life
Occupations, roles, social class, or lifestyle.

Those who attended the wedding represented all walks of life.

Category | life

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy is a proverb which means that
it is not good to work all the time and that people may get bored if they
don't get some time off from work.

This saying appeared first in James Howell's Proverbs in English, Italian,

French and Spanish (1659), and was included in later collections of
proverbs.

Some writers have added a second part to the proverb:

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,

All play and no work makes Jack a mere toy.

See more about this saying on Wikipedia

I think you need to go out and have some fun. You know all work and no
play makes Jack a dull boy.

Category | work

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all's fair in love and war.
In love or in war, you are allowed to be deceitful in order to get what you
want.

To get her to go out with him, he lied and told her that is very rich. All's fair
in love and war.

Category | war

along the lines

in a general direction or manner.

I was thinking along the lines of a vegetable garden, but I could be

persuaded to include some perennials.

Category | general

always chasing rainbows

If you are always chasing rainbows, it means you are trying to do
something that you will never achieve.

Although he is 48 years old, he is still dreaming of becoming a famous

singer. He's always chasing rainbows.

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Category | nature

an act of war
An act which is considered violent enough to cause war.

Bombing the United States naval base at pearl harbour was considered
an act of war.

Category | war

an arm and a leg

a lot of money.

These glasses cost me an arm and a leg.

Category | parts of the body

an eye for an eye

(also, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.) said to suggest that
punishment should equal the crime. At the root of this principle is that one
of the purposes of the law is to provide equitable retribution for an
offended party.

In some countries, justice operates on the principle of an eye for an eye.

That is, if you kill someone, you desrve to die.

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Category | parts of the body

another nail in one's coffin

One in a series of events which lead to downfall or inevitable failure.

After the bankruptcy and the death of his only son, divorce is just another
nail in his coffin.

Category | death

any minute soon now

(also any moment/second/time now) very soon

The news about the president's resignation will be broadcasted on TV any

moment now.

Category | time

any port in a storm

An unfavourable option which might well be avoided in good times but
which nevertheless looks better than the alternatives at the current time.

That horrible hotel was a case of any port in a storm as we couldn't find
any place to spend the night.

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Category | travel

any port in a storm

This idiom is used to describe a situation in which you are forced to
accept any solution whether you like or not.

I accepted the job although it was below my expectations. Any port in a

storm, you know!

Category | weather

apple of somebody's eye

said about someone whom you love the most and you are very proud of.

His son is the apple of his eye.

Category | food

are your ears burning?

said about someone who was not present but was the topic of discussion.
We were just talking about you. Are your ears burning?
Category | parts of the body

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armchair critic
An armchair critic is a person who knows or pretends to know a lot about
something in theory rather than practice.
He is such an armchair critic; he has no experience in the subject but he
is ready to give plenty of advice.

Category | furniture

armed to the teeth

The phrase armed to the teeth is an idiomatic expression that
means heavily armed with deadly weapons.

He was caught armed to the teeth and was a danger to himself and the
community.

The robbers were armed to the teeth. They threatened everybody and
asked them to lie down.
Category | war

arrow in the quiver

This idiom is used when talking about one of a number of resources or
strategies that can be used to achieve a goal.

If you are having a job interview, improving your communication skills can
be another arrow in your quiver.

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Category | war

art is long and life is short

The phrase art is long and life is short is a proverb that suggests that
works of art last much longer than human lives.
The origin of the phrase

The phrase comes from the first two lines of an Aphorism by the Ancient
Greek physician Hippocrates.

Ars longa, vita brevis

What he meant by these lines is:

"it takes a long time to acquire and perfect one's expertise (in, say,
medicine) and one has but a short time in which to do it."
Wikipedia

Jane: I think John spends too much time working on his new book.
Lisa: Yes, but art is long and life is short, you know.

Category | art

as bald as a cue ball

(also as bald as a coot) completely bald.

His father was as bald as a cue ball!

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Category | sport

as blind as a bat
If someone is as blind as a bat, they are nearly or completely blind or
they are unwilling to recognize problems or bad things.

This is a simile which is based on the erroneous idea that bats cannot see
properly. In fact, bats are not blind; they use vision to navigate, especially
for long distances. In addition to their ability to see, they use a
sophisticated built-in sonar system, called echolocation.

For more information on bats see this article on wikipedia

1. Without her glasses, she is as blind as a bat.

2. He is as blind as a bat when it comes to his wife's shameful behavior

Category | health

as gentle as a lamb
Said about kind , innocent, mild-mannered people.

She is as gentle as a lamb. That's why everybody likes her.

Category | animals

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as one man
If a group of people do something as one man, they do it unanimously, in
complete agreement.
They all rose as one man, supporting the poor family.
Category | men and women
as patient as Job
If someone is as patient as Job, they are very patient.

The person who shows great endurance through all sorts of trials is said
to have the patience of Job.

This idiom is a simile related to the religious figure Job mentioned as a

prophet in all Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Job is presented as a good and prosperous family man who is beset with
hideous and dreadful events that bereft him of his loved ones, his health
and all his property. His struggle and his patience to understand his
situation leads him to get a reward from God by restoring his health,
doubling his original wealth and giving him a lot of children and
grandchildren.

If you want to work with that temperamental woman you must be as

patient as Job.

Category | religion

as poor as a church mouse

If someone is as poor as a church mouse they are extremely poor.
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An other similar phrase is hungry as a church mouse.

The phrase is derived from the fact that church buildings don't store or
provide food and therefore mice in such buildings were utterly destitute.

He is as poor as a church mouse; don't ask him to donate anything.

Category | religion

as rare as hen's teeth

If something is as rare as hen's teeth, it is very rare.

Other variations of this idiom include:

- as scarce as hen's teeth.

The origin of the phrase

This idiom dates back to the mid 19th century.
Even if hens do not have teeth, this idiom is used to imply that something
is rare to the point that its existence is impossible.
Good, dedicated plumbers are as rare as hen's teeth in this area.
Computers with the configuration you want are as rare as hen's teeth, but
I'll try to find you one.

Category | animals

306
as ugly as sin
If something is as ugly as sin, it is very ugly.

The term sin has a religious connotation. It refers to a violation of God's

will, a misdeed.

Jesus Christ! The dress she is wearing is as ugly as sin.

Category | religion

at a loss for words

If you are at a loss for words, this means that you are unable to speak.

This phrase is mainly used when you are stunned to the point of
speechlessness.

She was at a loss for words when she saw the golden ring that her
husband bought her for their marriage anniversary.
The boss was so frustrated that he was at a loss of words.
He treated her so badly that she was completely at a loss for words.

Category | language

at death's door
About to die; in a life-threatening state of health

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There were rumours that the president was murdered, or at death's door.

Category | death

at death's door
If you say you are at death's door you mean that you are very close to
the end of your life.

She was so ill and was at death's door for more than a month.

Category | death

at hand
The phrase at hand is an idiomatic expression that means nearby, or
close by in time or in space.

A new cure for AIDS is at hand.

I don't have the company's phone number at hand at the moment.

Category | parts of the body

at sixes and sevens

This idiom is used to describe a state of confusion or disarray.

William Shakespeare uses a similar phrase in Richard II:

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But time will not permit: all is uneven, And everything is left at six and
seven.

John is at sixes and sevens after the death of his wife.

Category | numbers

at the drop of a hat

When someone does something at the drop of a hat, they do it without
delay or good reason.

So many years of sacrifice and then you can leave me at the drop of a
hat.

Category | clothes

at the wheel
Driving; in control of a vehicle.

You know he fell asleep at the wheel. They were so lucky they didn't have
an accident.

Category | travel

309
at your mother's knee
said about something that you learned when you were a child.

She learned to sing at her mother's knee.

Category | parts of the body

========================================================
Proverbs
As the twig is bent, so shall the tree grow
The proverb means that early influences have a permanent effect on a
person. As they grow up, they will act the way where they taught to act as
a child. For example, most people who have criminal tendencies acquire
them as the result of bad environment and improper association during
childhood.
The apple never falls far from the tree
The descendants are usually very much like the ancestors. Children grow
up to be similar to their parents and people who know the parents will be
able to see the resemblances.
The proverb is usually used in a negative way, as when an undesirable
characteristic of the parent is noticed to be passed on the child. It is
similar to the other proverbs: LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON, LIKE MOTHER, LIKE
DAUGHTER, and CHIP OFF THE OLD BLOCK.

He’s an moron, just like his father—the apple never falls far from the
tree.
All cats love fish but hate to get their paws wet
Everyone wants success, but many lack the self-discipline to become
successful. They might hope in luck, but FORTUNE FAVOURS THE BOLD.

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What one loses on the swings one makes up on the roundabouts
The proprietor of a fair ground does not mind running his swings at a loss
if his roundabouts bring him in a handsome profit. He can afford to
provide swings for the few people who enjoy them and who will very likely
pay to go on the roundabouts as well. Similarly a newsagent may make a
much smaller profit on newspapers good for trade because customers
who call in for them will often buy other things at the same time. Another
aspect of the proverb is that although the swings make less profit than the
roundabouts today, they may make more profit than roundabouts
tomorrow.
Avoid a questioner, for he is also a tattler
A person who asks a lot of questions will waste no time in passing your
answers on to other people, however confidential they may be.
Ask no questions and be told no lies
This is often the reply of parents to children who ask too many awkward
questions. It means that if you ask many questions about things you
cannot grasp at the age you are or it is hard for the parents to explain
them, your Mum or Dad will be obliged to tell you lies instead.
As you sow, so shall you reap
You will be punished or rewarded according to whether you have led a
virtuous or a sinful life. The source of the proverb is Galatians, v, 7:
‘WHATSOEVER A MAN SOWETH, THAT SHALL HE ALSO REAP.’
This is religious meaning, but it has a wider application in which it means
the same as: AS YOU MAKE YOUR BED, SO YOU MUST LIE IN IT.
As well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb
In olden times a person found guilty of sheep-stealing was sentenced to
death because stealing a lamb was as great a crime as stealing a sheep
and the penalty was the same, the thief might just as well steal the larger

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animal and so have more meat for himself and his family. The modern
meaning of the proverb is similar to IN FOR A PENNY, IN FOR A POUND.
‘Dad said I was to be home from the dance by eleven o’clock, but I
enjoyed myself so much that it was midnight before I realized it, so I
thought I might as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb and stopped on
till the end.’
Art is long, life is short
This proverb is frequently misunderstood. It does not mean: ‘Human life is
short, but art goes on forever.’ Its real meaning is: ‘There is so much art to
learn and so little time to learn it in.’ Art is not used in the popular sense of
painting, sculpture, etc. In the original saying of Hippocrates, the Greek
surgeon, it referred to the art of healing: ‘Life is short, the art long,
opportunity fleeting …’ Art is skill, craft. Chaucer wrote: ‘The life is short,
the craft so long to learn.’ Sir John Davies wrote:
Skill comes so slow, as life so fast doth fly,
We learn so little and forget so much.
The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest
Our neighbour’s apples may be no longer and riper than our own, but
always appear to be so. Even on our own tree the best apples seem to be
high up and out of our reach. And this doesn’t apply only to apples, so the
proverb means that anything we can’t get seems to be better that what we
have.
‘That’s a fine trout you have caught, uncle,’ said Brain admiringly.
‘Not too bad, my boy, but you should have seen the one that got away!’
Betty Collins had the same weakness.
‘Why,’ she asked her mother, ‘do you always give Susan a bigger slice
of cake than you do me?’
‘I like that!’ protested her sister. ‘Mine’s much smaller than yours.’

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‘Than change plates,’ suggested Mrs Collins, adding when they had
done this: ‘Now you are both satisfied.’
But they weren’t: each thought she had got the worst of exchange.
Appearances are deceptive
Do not judge a thing by its appearance. As another proverb reminds
us, ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD.
Why did you believe him? Why he said he wasn’t married? Asked Mary.
Because, replied Pamela, he was so good-looking and well-dressed,
and had such a nice voice.
All that glitters is not gold, Mary reminded her.
Any port in a storm
In times of difficulty or danger any refuge is better than none.
What a dirty, dingy, miserable old pub to stay the night in, protested Mrs
Furgionston. No hot water and a paper peeling off the bedroom walls.
Can’t we do better than this?
I’m sorry dear replied her husband, but all the other places are full and
we may have to drive for miles before we find anywhere else. Let's stop
where we are. Any port in a storm.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
We should not always be working. Unless we can enjoy some form of
recreation, we become stale and our work suffers in consequence.
I really think Andrew shouldn’t waste his time playing tennis when he
ought to be studying for his examinations.
But he must have some sort of break. Then he goes back to his books
mentally refreshed. This isn’t a case of all play and no work, don’t forget.
All things are difficult before they are easy

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When first we try to ride a bicycle we are quite sure that we shall never do
anything but fall off, but as we go on practicing, the whole thing becomes
so easy that we wonder why we ever had any difficulty at all.
All roads lead to Rome
Towards the end of the fourteenth century Chaucer wrote in a treatise on
the astrolabe, an ancient astronomical instrument, that diverse paths lead
diverse folk the right way to Rome from this and other references to the
many roads to Rome has developed the proverb meaning that a number
of persons scientists, perhaps can arrive at one common objective by
different means.
All lay loads on willing horse
In the days when horses were much used for carrying burdens on their
backs, the animals that gave the least trouble were given more work to do
than those which were stubborn or intractable. Today a willing horses is a
person who is so good natured and helpful that everyone takes advantage
of him.
All’s well that ends well
It is the end that matters, making up for previous failures and
disappointments. Shakespeare used the proverb for the title of one his
comedies.
All’s fish that comes to the net
A professional fisherman can find some use for all the fish he pulls out of
the sea, he cannot afford to be too particular. The proverb advises us to
follow his example by taking advantage of everything that comes our way.
If a dealer in second hand furniture seems to make a profit out of
everything he buys and resells, however useless it may appear to us, we
can say of him:
All’s fish that comes to the net
All’s fair in love and war

314
This proverb permissible to use every stratagem and take advantage of
every opportunity would have us believe that in a courtship, just as on a
battlefield, it is. When, for example, a suitor causes his rival to look fullish
in the eyes of the girl they are both in love with, he can justify his conduct
by saying: ‘All’s fair in love and war.’
All good things come to an end
Pleasures cannot go on forever, for all things change, and THE BEST OF
FRIENDS MUST PART.

All cats are grey in the dark

This proverb suggests that beauty is unimportant. Beneath the outward
appearance people are all much alike. ‘When the candles are out,’ wrote
Plutarch, ‘all women are fair.’
All are not thieves that dogs bark at

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Beware of judging people by appearance. An honest man may give the
impression that he is the biggest scoundrel in the world. Good looks do
not always go with virtue, or ugliness with sin.
After a storm comes a calm
This optimistically suggests that, just as there is inevitably a calm after a
storm, there must be something better after every piece of
unpleasantness.
Advice when most needed is least heeded
Advice is something that wise men don’t need and foolish people won’t
take; and the greater the need for advice, the less likely the foolish person
is to heed it – that is, to pay careful attention to it.
Adam’s ale is the best brew
This tells us that water is the best drink. It is advice against drinking
alcohol. ‘Adam’s ale’ is an old term for water.
Actions speak louder than words
It is what we do that really matters, not just what we say. In
Longfellow’s The Song of Hiawatha, Hiawatha answers the mighty and
bragging Megissogwen:
‘Big words do not smite like war-clubs,
Boastful breath is not a bow-string,
Taunts are not as sharp as arrows,
Deeds are better things than words are,
Actions mightier than boasting!’
Accidents will happen in the best-regulated families
Used by Sir Walter Scott in 1823 and still in common use in modern
times, this proverb has a general application and means that even the
most efficient organizations are not infallible. It is used as a consolation
for mistakes made.

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Absence makes the heart grow fonder
We feel more affection for our relatives and friends when we are parted
from them. A proverb that says just the opposite is OUT OF SIGHT, OUT OF
MIND.

========================================================

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