Election Law Syllabus

University of San Carlos
School of Law & Governance

College of Law
Cebu City
COURSE OUTLINE IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, ELECTION LAWS & LAWS ON

PUBLIC OFFICERS
(A.Y. 2015-2016)
Course : LLB 247N

Credit : 3 units
Professor : Ferdinand G.S. Gujilde
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
It is a component of Political Law. A three-in-one course that studies

public officers, both elective and appointive, and the agencies they occupy.
In Election Laws, it studies the 4 W’s (What, When, Where, Who &
Why) and 1 H (How) of election, suffrage, the constitutional body that
administers elections, election and campaign period with emphasis on the
prohibited acts, candidates, voting, counting, canvassing, proclamation and
election contests.
In Administrative Law, it studies public administrative agencies,

constitutional bodies and national commissions, their powers and limitations.
In Laws on Public Officers, it studies eligibility and qualifications of

public officers, their powers, duties, privileges, prohibitions, liabilities and
discipline.
PROGRAM LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES1 (PLLO):
Upon completion, Carolinian law graduates demonstrate the following:
PLLO 1: KNOWLEDGE
PLLO 2: ETHICS, PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY, WITNESS TO THE WORD
with emphasis on gender sensitivity, humility and political correctness
PLLO 3: THINKING SKILLS which include the ability to identify, simplify and
articulate issues; apply legal reasoning and research to generate appropriate
responses to legal issues; engage in critical analysis and make an informed
and reasoned choice amongst alternatives; and think critically in approaching
legal issues and generating appropriate responses.
PLLO 4: RESEARCH SKILLS with emphasis on ability to identify and simplify
issues relevant to the principle of law involved.
PLLO 5: COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION
PLLO 6: SELF-MANAGEMENT
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Upon completion, the Carolinian law graduate is expected to be Witness to

the Word and to embody the following graduate attributes:
Scientia: A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL

Critical thinker
Lifelong learner
Skilled researcher
Sound decision-maker
Innovative problem-solver
Effective and articulate communicator
Virtus: A VIRTUOUS EXEMPLAR

Incorruptible servant leader
Ethical and values-driven practitioner
Devotio: A DEDICATED ADVOCATE

Committed peacemaker
Culture-sensitive patriot
Socially-engaged citizen
Passionate worker for the marginalized
and under-represented
Sensitive, politically correct and inclusive citizen
COURSE LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion, the law students should be able to:
CLLO 1: Recognize modes by which public officers, elective and appointive,

assume, occupy, administer and lose public office, and in the process, reflect
on the legal bases and ethical considerations for their valid exercise.
CLLO 2: Recognize the sovereign power of every citizen in choosing public

representatives and use it for social change.
CLLO 3: Identify, simplify and digest relevant facts, issues and rulings in the
assigned cases for easy recollection and application whenever a legal
situation presents itself.
CLLO 4: Comprehend the basic individual rights and freedom, as well as the
basic principles on suffrage, and be able to articulate to and convince others
their valid exercise.
LEARNING APPROACHES, STRATEGIES & TECHNIQUES:
In order to achieve such objectives, this course employs in the main

the Socratic teaching method, simulation as well as problem-based learning.
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Students are required to follow this court outline, read relevant cases
and cross references.
They are required to recite legal provisions and how they are
enunciated in relevant jurisprudence during which they are expected to
identify and simplify the relevant facts, issues and ruling in such a way that
they digest the case and narrow it down to the briefest possible one-liner
that best captures the principle of law involved for easy recollection and
application.
At the end of oral recitations on a particular subject matter, the

professor synthesizes the principles of law involved, harmonizes the
seemingly conflicting provisions and cases.
There are 4 written major examinations where students are asked to

answer essay questions that measure their articulation in form and substance
with special emphasis on the ability to identify the issues raised and match
them with the proper remedies and principles of law involved.
MATERIALS/RESOURCES:
No particular reference material is prescribed.
EVALUATIVE MEASURES:
In order to measure student performance, this course uses the

following assessment criteria:
Oral recitation with the passing grade 70%

Four written examinations with the passing grade of 70%
GRADING SYSTEM:
Mid-Term Period Oral Recitation (20%)

Written Examination (80%)
Final Period Oral Recitation (20%)

Written Examination (80%)
Final Grade 50% of the Midterm Period Grade

50% of the Final Period Grade
4
FOR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Part I
ELECTIVE OFFICIALS
Election, defined.
Election, defined under jurisprudence.
Taule v Santos, 200 SCRA 512, 519 (1991)
Election, defined within the context of the Constitution.
Javier v Comelec, G.R. No. L-68379-81, Sept. 22, 1986
Election, purpose.
Lino Luna v Rodriguez, 39 Phil. 208, 1918
Election laws, purpose.

Rulloda v Comelec, G.R. No. 154198, January 20, 2003
Election laws, how construed.

Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571, 582 (2000)
Frivaldo v Comelec, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
Election, classified.
Regular election.
SK election is not a regular election.
Paras v Comelec, 264 SCRA 49 (1996)
Special election to fill out vacancy.
Special election after failure of election.
Lucero v Comelec, 234 SCRA 280 (1994)
Systems of election.
Manual system of election.
B.P. 881 or the Omnibus Election Code
Automated system of election.
R.A. 8436 as amended byR.A. 9369
Manual count during automated election.
R.A. 8436, Section 9
Loong v Comelec, 305 SCRA 832 (1999)
Constitutional basis for election.
1987 Constitution, Article II, Section 1
Elective officials, enumerated.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Sections 1 & 3
Article VI, Section 2 & 5(1) & (2)
Article X, Sections 1, 15, 18 & 19
R.A. 6734 or the Organic Act for ARMM
as amended by R.A. 9054
R.A. 6766 or the Organic Act for CAR
Ordillo v Comelec, 192 SCRA 100 (1992)
5
Local Government Code of 1991, Section 39

Comelec Res. No. 9982, prom. Aug. 18, 2015, as amended by
Comelec Res. No. 9986, prom. Sept. 10, 2015, as amended by
Comelec Res. No. 10002, prom. Oct. 13, 2015
President, how elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution, Article VII, Section 4(1)
Presidential term limit.
Comelec Resolution, Jan. 20, 2010, 2nd Division
Pormento v Estrada, G.R. No. 191988, August 31, 2010
Difference of effects of succession on term limit between the Vice
President and Vice-Mayor
Borja v Comelec, G.R. No. 133495, Sept. 3, 1998
President, qualifications.
1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 2
Article IV, Section 1(3) & 2
Natural-born Filipino, defined.
Fornier v Comelec, G.R. No. 161824, March 3, 2004
Foundling as natural-born.
Poe v Comelec, G.R. No. 221697, March 8, 2016
Residence, defined.
Marcos v Comelec, G.R. No. 119976, Sept. 18, 1995
Domino v Comelec, 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
Period of residence.
Poe v Comelec, G.R. No. 221697, March 8, 2016
Residence requirement, rationale.
Torayno v Comelec, 337 SCRA 574
Property qualification.
Maquera v Borra, G.R. No. L-24761, Aurea v Comelec, Sept. 7, 1965
Vice-President, how elected, term of office and term limit.
1987 Constitution, Article VII, Section 4
President & Vice-President, basis for proclamation.

1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 4(5)
Article IX, Section 6
Winner, defined.
Rulloda v Comelec, G.R. No. 154198, January 20, 2003
Presidential and vice-presidential tie, how broken.

1987 Constitution, Article VII, Section 4(5)
Presidential succession, in case of vacancy at the start of term.

Presidential succession, in case of vacancy on mid-term.

6
Permanent disability of the President.

Estrada v Desierto, G.R. No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001
Resignation of the President.

Vacancy in the office of the Vice-President, how filled.

Vacancy in both the presidency and vice-presidency,

how filled.
1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 25(4)
Omnibus Election Code, Article II, Section 14
Senators, number, how elected, term of office & term limit.

1987 Constitution
Article VI, Section 2
Article XVIII, Section 2(1) & 2
Tolentino v Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
Senator, qualifications.
1987 Constitution, Article VI, Section 3
Pimentel v Comelec, G.R. No. 161658, November 3, 2008
Members of the House of Representatives, number, how elected, term of

office and term limit.
1987 Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 5(1), (2)&(4), Sec.7
Omnibus Election Code, Article III, Section 24
Number of party-list.
Veterans Federation Party v Comelec, 342 SCRA 244
BANAT v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009, Bayan
Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, April 21, 2009
Three-term limit.
Term limit, purpose of.
Latasa v Comelec, G.R. No. 154829, Dec. 10, 2003
Succession, effect on term continuity.
Montebon v Comelec, G.R. No. 180444, April 9, 2008
Preventive suspension, effect on term continuity.
Aldovino v Comelec, 184836, December 23, 2009
Disqualification prior to term end, effect of.
7
Lonzanida v Comelec, G.R. No. 135150, July 28, 1999

Disqualification after term end, effect of.
Ong v Alegre, G.R. No. 163295, January 23, 2006
Rivera v Comelec, G.R. No. 167591, May 9, 2007
Recall, effect on three-term disqualification.
Adormeo v Comelec, 426 Phil. 472 (2002)
Socrates v Comelec, 440 Phil. 106 (2002)
Conversion of municipality to city, effect of.
Latasa v Comelec, G.R. No. 154829, Dec. 10, 2003
Election protest, effects of.
Abundo v Comelec, GR No. 201716, January 8, 2013
Members of the House of Representatives, qualifications.

Party-List Representatives or Nominees, qualifications.

1987 Constitution, Article VI, Section 5(2), Article IX(C), Section 8
R.A. 7941, Sections 2 & 9
Bagong Bayani-OFW v Comelec, GR No. 147589, June 26, 2001
BANAT v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009,
Bayan Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, April 21, 2009
Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 2013
Sectors to be represented by party-list, enumerated.

1987 Constitution, Article VI, Section 5(2)
Sectors to be represented by party-list, classified.

Atong Paglaum v COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, Apr. 2, 2013
Nature of constitutional & statutory enumeration of sectors.

Ang Ladlad v Comelec, G.R. No. 190582, April 8, 2010
Nature of list of nominees.

BA-RA 7941 v Comelec, G.R. No. 177271, May 4, 2007
Vacancy in the Senate or House of Representatives, how filled.

Omnibus Election Code, Article III, Section 22
Elective local officials, term of office & term limit.

1987 Constitution, Article X, Section 8
David v Comelec, G.R. No. 127116, April 8, 1997
Elective local officials, qualifications.
8

Frivaldo v Comelec, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
Labo v Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
SK officials, qualifications and disqualifications.

Sec. 10, R.A. 10742
Garvida v Sales, G.R. No. 124893, April 18, 1997
Elective local officials, disqualifications.

Dual citizenship.
1987 Constitution, Article IV, Section 5
Local Government Code of 1991, Section 40(d)
R.A. 9225
Valles v Comelec, G.R. No. 137000, August 9, 2000
Mercado v Manzano, 307 SCRA 630 (1999)
Labo v Comelec, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
Roseller de Guzman v Comelec, G.R. No. 180048, June 19, 2009
Sobejana-Condon v Comelec, G.R. No. 198742, August 10, 2012
Macquiling v Comelec, GR No. 195649, Apr 16, 2013, MR, July 2, 2013
Fugitives from justice.
Marquez v Comelec, 243 SCRA 538
Permanent residents in foreign country.
Caasi v CA, 191 SCRA 229
Omnibus Election Code, Sections 12 & 68
Vacancy in elective local offices, grounds.

Vacancy in elective local offices, how filled.
Local Government Code of 1991, Section 45(c)
Date of election.
1987 Constitution, Article XVIII, Sections 1, 5
Local Government Code, Section 42
Adjustment of period of pre-election requirements.

Akbayan v Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
Nature of Barangay elections.

Omnibus Election Code, Section 38
Occena v Comelec, 127 SCRA 404 (1984)
Postponement of election, grounds.

9

Montesclaros v Comelec, G.R. No. 152295, July 9, 2002
Postponement of election, jurisdiction.
Benito v Comelec, G.R. No. 134913, January 19, 2001
Basher v Comelec, 330 SCRA 736
Failure of election, grounds.

Mitmug v Comelec, G.R. Nos. 106270-73, 10 Feb. 1994, 230 SCRA 54
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512
Batabor v Comelec, G.R. No. 160428, July 21, 2004
Sardea v Comelec, 225 SCRA 374
Declaration of failure of election, jurisdiction.
Loong v Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999
Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571 (2000)
Postponement or failure of election in Barangay elections, grounds.

Omnibus Election Code, Article VI, Section 45
Special election.
Fixing date of special election.
Pangandaman v Comelec, 319 SCRA 283
Notice of special election.
Hassan v Comelec, 264 SCRA 125
Special election after failure of election.

Special election after failure of election, requisites.
Lucero v Comelec, 234 SCRA 280 (1994)
Calling of special election, jurisdiction.

Part II
SUFFRAGE
Suffrage, defined.
Nolasco v Comelec, 275 SCRA 763 (1997)
People v San Juan, 22 SCRA 505
10
Constitutional basis of suffrage.

1987 Constitution, Article V, Sections 1 & 2
Nature of suffrage.
1973 Constitution, Article V, Section 4
Omnibus Election Code, Sections 4, 261(y)(1), 264
Suffrage for overseas absentee voters.

R.A. 9189, Section 5(d)
Macalintal v Comelec, G.R. No. 157013, July 3, 2003
Suffrage for local absentee voters.
EO 157, March 30, 1987
R.A. 10380, Local Absentee Voting for Media
Suffrage for disabled and illiterate voters.
1987 Constitution, Article V, Sections 2(1) & (2)
RA 10366, Section 11
RA 8189, Section 14
Voter’s registration, defined.

RA 8189, Sections 3(a) (g), 15 & 20
Yra v Abano, 52 Phil. 380
System of continuing registration.
RA 8189, Section 8
Period of registration.
Akbayan-Youth v Comelec, 355 SCRA 318, March 26, 2001
Kabataan Party List v Comelec, GR No. 189868, Dec. 15, 2009
Registration, jurisdiction.
Registration, qualifications, disqualifications, procedure.
R.A. 8189, Sections 9, 10, 11, 12 13 & 14
Residence.
Romualdez v RTC, 226 SCRA 406
Deactivation, reactivation and cancellation of registration.
R.A. 8189, Sections 27, 28, 29
R.A. 8189, Sections 18, 20, 32, 33, 34
Kabataan Party-List v Comelec, G.R. No. 221318, December 16, 2015
Inclusion and exclusion proceedings.

R.A. 8189, Sections 24, 32, 33, 34 & 35
1987 Constitution, Article IX(C), Section 2(3)
Pungutan v Abubakar, 43 SCRA 1, 12 (1972)
Domino v Comelec, GR No. 134015, July 19, 1999
11
Nature of voter’s registration records.

RA 10367, Section 9
Comelec Minute Res. No. 13-1132, October 17, 2013
Annulment of list of voters.
R.A. 8189, Sections 33 & 39
Ututalum v Comelec, 181 SCRA 335
Sarangani v Comelec, 334 SCRA 379
Part III
THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS
Composition, qualifications & term of office.

1987 Constitution, Article IX(C), Sections 1(1) & (2)
Cayetano v Monsod, 201 SCRA 210, 214 (1991)
Brillantes v Yorac, 192 SCRA 358, (1990)
Disabilities, inhibitions & disqualifications.
1987 Constitution, Article IX(A), Section 2
Independence.
1987 Constitution
Article IX(A), Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
Article IX(C), Sections 1 & 2
Powers & functions.
Omnibus Election Code, Article VII, Section 52
Powers & functions, classified.
Filipinas Eng’g. Machine Shop v Ferrer, 135 SCRA 25 (1985)
Baytan v Comelec, G.R. No. 153945, February 4, 2003
History of functions.
Loong v Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS:
(1) Power to enforce and administer election laws.
Sandoval v Comelec, G.R. No. 133842, January 26, 2000
Omnibus Election Code, Article VII, Section 52(a)
Comelec control, grounds, implications, duration.
Comelec Resolution No. 9583, Dec. 18 2012
(2) Power to conduct plebiscite, initiative, referendum & recall.
Plebiscite, defined.
1987 Constitution, Article XVII, Section 4
R.A. 6735, Section 3(e)
Initiative, defined.
1987 Constitution, Article XVII, Sections 1 & 2
R.A. 6735, Sections 3(a), (f), 4 & 5
Santiago v Comelec, G.R.No. 127325, Mar. 19, 1997
Lambino v Comelec, G.R. No. 174153, Oct. 25, 2006
Recall, defined.
12
Garcia v Comelec, 227 SCRA 100 (1993)

Local Gov’t. Code of 1991, Secs. 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 & 74
Comelec Resolution No. 7505, June 6, 2005
Paras v Comelec, 264 SCRA 49 (1996)
Angobung v Comelec, 269 SCRA 245 (1997)
Referendum, defined.
R.A. 6735, Section 3(c)
Revision, defined.
Amendment, defined.
(3) Power to decide all questions affecting elections.
Domino v Comelec, GR No. 134015, July 19, 1999
Sarmiento v Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Pangarungan v Comelec, 216 SCRA 522
Diocese of Bacolod v Comelec, G.R. No. 205728, Jan. 21, 2015
Powers not given.
Pungutan v Abubakar, 43 SCRA 1, 12 (1972)
Montejo v Comelec, 242 SCRA 415 (1995)
(4) Power to deputize other government agencies.
People v Basilla, 179 SCRA 87 (1987)
Omnibus Election Code, Article VII, Section 52(b)
(5) Recommendatory power.
1987 Constitution, Article IX(C), Section 2(7) & (8)
People v Basilla, 179 SCRA 87 (1987)
Tan v Comelec, 237 SCRA 353
(6) Power to register political parties and party-list.
Santos v Comelec, 103 SCRA 628 (1981)
Veterans Federation Party v Comelec, 342 SCRA 244
Bagong Bayani-OFW v Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
Banat v Comelec, G.R. No. 179271, July 8, 2009
Bayan Muna v Comelec, G.R. No. 179295, April 21, 2009
Atong Paglaum v Comelec, G.R. No. 203766, Apr. 2, 2013
In the Matter of the Petition for Registration of “Ang
Ladlad LGBT Party for Party-List System” SPP Case
No.09-228 (PL), Nov. 11, 2009
Ang Ladlad v Comelec, GR No. 190582, April 8, 2010
Atienza v Comelec, GR No. 188920, February 16, 2010
Political party, defined.
R.A. 7941
Groups which cannot be registered as political parties.
13
1987 Constitution, Article IX-C, Section 2(5)

Grounds for cancellation of registration.
R.A. 7941, Section 6(8)
Phil. Guardians Brotherhood v Comelec, GR No.190529, April 29, 2010
(7) Power to supervise or regulate franchises, transportation
1987 Constitution, Article IX(C), Section 4
NPC v Comelec, G.R. No. 102653, March 5, 1992
SWS v Comelec, G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001
1-UTAK v Comelec, G.R. No. 206020, April 14, 2015
Exit polls.
ABS-CBN v Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000
Media practitioners during plebiscite.
Sanidad v Comelec, 181 SCRA 529 (1990)
(8) Power to investigate and prosecute.
Kilosbayan v Comelec, 280 SCRA 892, October 16, 1997
(9) Duty to report.
LEGISLATIVE POWERS:
(1) Rule making power, “laws and regulations”
Omnibus Election Code, Section 52(c)
Gallardo v Tabamo, 218 SCRA 253, 263-264 (1993)
Aruelo Jr. v CA, 227 SCRA 311
(2) Suspension of Rules of Procedure.
Llana v Comelec, G.R. No. 152080, November 28, 2003
JUDICIAL POWERS:
(1) Exercise original jurisdiction over regional, provincial, and city
election contests and appellate jurisdiction over municipal and
Barangay election contests
Javier v Comelec, 144 SCRA 194
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512 (1997)
Lazatin v Comelec, G.R. No. L-80007, January 25, 1988
Lazatin v HRET, G.R. No. 84297, December 8, 1988
Motion for Reconsideration, In Division:
Roces v HRET, G.R. No. 167499, September 15, 2005
Mendoza v Comelec, G.R. No. 188308, October 15, 2009
Ceriaco Bulilis v Victoriano Nuez, G.R. No. 195953, August 9, 2011
Flores v Comelec, 184 SCRA 484 (1990)
Reyes v Comelec, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
(2) Power to issue extraordinary writs.

14
Carlos v Angeles, 346 SCRA 571

Omnibus Election Code, Article VII, Section 52(d)
(3) Contumacy powers.
Filipinas Eng’g. Machine Shop v Ferrer, 135 SCRA 25 (1985)
Masangkay v Comelec, 6 SCRA 27 (1962)
Omnibus Election Code, Article VII, Section 52(e)
(4) Jurisdiction of en banc or division.
Sarmiento v Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Soller v Comelec, G.R. No. 139853, Sept. 5, 2000
Canicosa v Comelec, 282 SCRA 512 (1977)
Baytan v Comelec, G.R. No. 153945, February 4, 2003
Correction of manifest errors.
Torres v Comelec, 270 SCRA 583
Interlocutory orders.
Kho v Comelec, 279 SCRA 463
Subject of Motion for Reconsideration

Salazar v Comelec, 184 SCRA 433, 441 (1990)
Garvida v Sales, 271 SCRA 764
Zarate v Comelec, 318 SCRA 608
Soller v Comelec, 339 SCRA 685
QUASI-JUDICIAL POWERS:
Sandoval v Comelec, G.R. No. 133842, January 26, 2000
Judicial review.
1987 Constitution
Article IX-A, Section 7
Article VIII, Section 5(1)
Certiorari jurisdiction of the SC.
Aratuc v Comelec, 88 SCRA 251
Reyes v RTC, 244 SCRA 41 (1995)
Ambil v Comelec, 244 SCRA 358
Salva v Makalintal, 340 SCRA 506
Relationship with lower courts.
Comelec v Datuimam, 304 SCRA 106 (1999)
Gallardo v Comelec, 218 SCRA 253 (1993)
FOR MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS

15
Part IV
ELECTION PERIOD
Election period.
Omnibus Election Code, Article I, Section 3
R.A. 7166, Sec. 5
Election offenses, enumerated.
(1) Prohibited acts during election period.
Vote-buying and vote-selling.
Appointment of new employees, creation of new position,
promotion or giving salary increases
Ong v Martinez, 188 SCRA 830
Transfer of officers and employees in the civil service.
People v Reyes, G.R. No. 115022, August 14, 1995
Carrying firearms outside residence or place of business.
RA 7166, Section 32
Ban on security personnel and bodyguards.
RA 7166, Section 33
Prohibition against release, disbursement or expenditure of
public funds.
Gallardo v Comelec, 218 SCRA 253 (1993)
Suspension of elective provincial, city, municipal or barangay
officer.
RA 6646, Section 27
Corporation Code, Section 36(9)
(2) Prohibited acts during registration of voters.

Omnibus Election Code, Section 261(y)
RA 8189, Sections 45 & 46
(3) Prohibited acts during voting.

Omnibus Election Code, Section 261(z), (bb)
Bagumbayan-VNP Movement, Inc. v Comelec, G.R. No. 222371 (1-b),
March 17, 2016
(4) Prohibited acts during canvassing.

Omnibus Election Code, Section 261(aa), (bb)
(5) Prohibited acts on candidacy and campaign.

Omnibus Election Code, Section 261(cc)
Campaign expenses.
Ejercito v Comelec, G.R. No. 212398, Nov. 25, 2014
(6) Other prohibitions and election offenses.

Omnibus Election Code, Sections 261(dd) & 262
Liquor ban.
16

Foreign intervention.
Election offenses, persons criminally liable.

Election offenses, penalties for.

RA 8189, Section 46
Electoral sabotage.
R.A. 6646, Section 27, as amended by R.A. 9369, Secs. 42 & 43
Election offenses, prosecution of.

Omnibus Election Code, Sec. 265 as amended by R.A. 9369, Sec. 43
Comelec v Español, G.R. Nos. 149164-73, December 10, 2003
Naldaza v Lavilles, 254 SCRA 286
Deputation of prosecutors to investigate & prosecute.
People v Basilla, 179 SCRA 87
Comelec v Sila, 286 SCRA 177
Prosecution of vote-buying and vote-selling.
Lozano v Comelec, G.R. No. 94626, October 28, 1991
Bernardo v Abalos, G.R. No. 137266, December 5, 2001
Election offenses as mala prohibita

People v Bayona, 61 Phil. 181
People v Fuentes, 181 Phil. 186
Election offenses as mala in se.

Domalanta v Comelec, G.R. No. 125586, June 29, 2000
Garcia v CA, G.R. No. 157171, May 14, 2006
Election offenses, jurisdiction.

Comelec v Noynay, 292 SCRA 354
Juan v People, 322 SCRA 125
Election offenses, prescription.

Campaign period.
Omnibus Election Code, Article I, Section 3
RA 7166, Section 5
Campaign, defined.
RA 9369, Section 13
17
Lanot v Comelec, GR No. 164858, Nov. 16, 2006

Penera v Comelec, GR No. 181613, Sept. 11, 2009
Penera v Comelec, GR No. 181613, Nov. 25, 2009
Prohibited acts or forms during campaign period.

Authorized expenses.
RA 7166, Section 13
Statement of Contributions & Expenditures (SOCE).
RA 7166, Section 14
Election propaganda.
Adiong v Comelec, G.R. No. 103956, March 31, 1992
1-UTAK v Comelec, G.R. No. 206020, April 14, 2015
Airtime limit on political ads
GMA v Comelec, G.R. No. 205357, Sept. 2, 2014
News & opinions regarding candidates.
National Press Club v Comelec, 207 SCRA 1
Part V
CANDIDATES
Certificate of Candidacy (CoC), defined.
CoC, contents of.

Gayo v Verceles, GR No. 150477, Feb. 28, 2005
Tecson v Comelec, GR No. 161434, Mar. 3, 2004
Dumpit-Michelina v Boado, GR No. 163619-20, Nov. 17, 2005
Limbona v Comelec, GR No. 186006, Oct. 16, 2009
CoC, purpose.
Miranda v Abaya, 311 SCRA 617
Who may file.

1987 Constitution, Articles VI & VII
Frivaldo v Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
Who cannot file.

Acts of terrorism.
Diangka v Comelec, G.R. No. 139545, January 28, 2000
Fugitives from justice.
Marquez v Comelec, 243 SCRA 538
18
Permanent residents abroad.

Caasi v CA, 191 SCRA 538
Moral turpitude.
Ty-Delgado v HRET, G.R. No. 219603, January 26, 2016
Term limit.
Revised Administrative Code
Ecclesiastics.
Pamil v Teleron, 56 SCRA 413
Persons receiving compensation from provincial or municipal funds
Public works contractors
Where filed.
RA 7166, Section 7
When filed.
RA 7166, Section 7
Deadline for filing of CoC, purpose.
Miranda v Abaya, 311 SCRA 617
How filed.
RA 7166, Section 7
Duty of Comelec to receive CoC.

Effect of filing.
Quinto v Comelec, GR No. 189698, Dec. 1, 2009
Quinto v Comelec, GR No. 189698, Feb. 22, 2010
Petition to deny due course or cancel CoC.

Omnibus Election Code, Sections 78, 80, 95-97, 261, 264, 269
Salcedo v Comelec, 312 SCRA 447
Substitution of candidates.
Domingo v City Board of Canvassers, GR No. 105365, June 2, 1992
Sinaca v Mula, 315 SCRA 266
Tagolino v HRET, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013
Withdrawal of CoC.
Monsale v Nico, GR No. L-2539, May 28, 1949
Pilar v Comelec, 245 SCRA 759
Multiple CoC.
Go v Comelec, GR No. 147741, May 10, 2001
19
Nuisance candidate.
R.A. 6646
Nolasco v Comelec, 275 SCRA 762
Pamatong v Comelec, GR No. 16872, April 13, 2004
Martinez v HRET & Salimbangon, GR No. 189034, Jan. 11, 2010
Lone Candidate Law.

RA 8295
Part VI
ELECTION
Voting, defined.
Who can vote.
Omnibus Election Code, Article XII, Section 148
Challenge of illegal voters.
Omnibus Election Code, Article XVII, Section 199
Challenge based on certain illegal acts.
When to vote.
Where to vote.
Omnibus Election Code, Art. XIII, Sections 152 & 158
RA 7166, Section 11
How to vote.
Omnibus Election Code, Art. XVII, Secs. 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198
Who conducts.
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIV, Section 168
Board of Election Inspectors.

Composition.
Qualifications & disqualifications.
Omnibus Election Code, Art. XIV, Secs. 166 & 167
Sections 2 & 3, R.A. 10756
Pangandaman v Comelec, G.R. No. 134340, Nov. 25, 1999
Powers.
Counting.
Who conducts.
When to count.
Omnibus Election Code, Article XVIII, Section 206
Where to count.
How to count.
20
RA 7166, Section 25
RA 6646, Section 12
Ballot appreciation, rules.

RA 7166, Section 25
RA 6646, Section 18
Batalla v Comelec, GR No. 184268, September 15, 2009
Ferrer v Comelec, GR No. 139489, April 10, 2000
Neighborhood Rule.
Cordero v Moscardon, 132 SCRA 414
Idem sonans.
Bautista v Castro, 206 SCRA 606
Change of vote.
Ong v Comelec, 347 SCRA 681
Excess ballots.
Spoiled ballots.
Marked ballots.
Signature of voter in the ballot.
Ferrer v De Alban, 101 Phil. 10
Names of persons not candidates.
Protacto v De Leon, 9 SCRA 472
Irrelevant expression.
Bautista v Castro, 206 SCRA 305
Use of sticker.
Lerias v HRET, 202 SCRA 808
Stray votes.
Villarosa v HRET, 340 SCRA 396
Watchers in polling places, qualifications &

disqualifications.
Omnibus Election Code, Article XV, Section 178
Watchers, rights and duties.

Omnibus Election Code, Article XV, Section 179
Persons allowed in and around the polling place.

Comelec v Romillo, 158 SCRA 716
Canvassing, defined.
What to canvass.
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 231
When to canvass.
21
Where to canvass.
How to canvass.
Who conducts.
Omnibus Election Code, Art. XIX, Secs. 221 & 231
Canvassing bodies, enumerated & composition.
RA 7166, Section 19
Laodenio v Comelec, 276 SCRA 705
Congress as National Board of Canvassers (NBC)

President & Vice President
RA 7166, Section 30
Comelec en banc as National & Regional Board of Canvassers

for senators & regional officials, respectively.
RA 7166, Section 30
Provincial Board of Canvassers (PBOC) for District

Representatives & Provincial Officials
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(a)
RA 7166, Section 28(d)
District Board of Canvassers in each legislative

district in Metro Manila (DBC) & District Representatives
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(c)
RA 7166, Section 28(c) 1, 2 & 3
City Board of Canvassers (CBOC) for District Representatives &

City officials
Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(b)
RA 7166, Section 28(b)
Municipal Board of Canvassers (MBOC) for Municipal Officials

Omnibus Election Code, Article XIX, Section 221(d)
RA 7166, Section 28(a)
Barangay Board of Canvassers (BBOC) for Barangay Officials
Persons not allowed inside the canvassing room.

Watchers, rights and duties.

Power of Comelec over Board of Canvassers.

22
Mastura v Comelec, 285 SCRA 493

Librados v Casar, 234 SCRA 13
Pre-proclamation controversy, defined.

Omnibus Election Code, Article XX, Section 241
Chu v Comelec, 319 SCRA 482
RA 7166, Section 15
Belac v Comelec, GR No. 145802, April 4, 2001
Pre-proclamation controversy, scope.

Chaves v Comelec, 211 sCRA 315 (1992)
Manifest error, defined.

O’Hara v Comelec, G.R. Nos. 148941-42, March 12, 2002
Manifest errors, correction of.

RA 7166, Section 15
Trinidad v Comelec, 320 SCRA 836
Ong v Comelec, 221 SCRA 75
Pre-proclamation controversy, jurisdiction.

Milla v Balmores-Laxa, GR No. 151216, July 18, 2003
Issues that may be raised.
Sebastian v Comelec, GR No. 139573-75, March 7, 2000
Bandala v Comelec, GR No. 159369, March 3, 2004
Villamor v Comelec, G.R. No. 169865, July 1, 2006
Ladoeno v Comelec, 276 SCRA 705
Procedure to raise objections.
RA 7166, Section 20
Excluded issues.
Ocampo v Comelec, GR No. 136282, February 15, 2000
Dagloc v Comelec, GR No. 154442-47, December 10, 2003
Bandala v Comelec, GR No. 159369, March 3, 2004
Exception to the exception:
Sandoval v Comelec, GR No. 133842, January 26, 2000
Distinguished from other remedies.

Ampatuan v Comelec, GR No. 149803, January 31, 2002
Sarangani v Comelec, GR No. 155560-62, Nov. 11, 2003
Lucman v Comelec, GR No. 166229, June 29, 2005
Trinidad v Comelec, GR No. 134657, December 15, 1999
Pre-proclamation controversy, termination of.

Sardea v Comelec
23
Penaflorida v Comelec, 282 SCRA 241

Except if:
Proclamation is void.
Matalam v Comelec, 271 SCRA 733
Returns were manufactured.
Agbayani v Comelec, 186 SCRA 464
Computation was erroneous.
Mentang v Comelec, 229 SCRA 669
Filing of election protest or quo warranto, effect on pre-proclamation case.

Maruhom v Comelec, 331 SCRA 473
Laodenio v Comelec, 276 SCRA 405
Except if:
Filing of protest was a precautionary measure.
Mitmug v Comelec, 230 SCRA 54
Doctrine of statistical improbability.

Lagumbay v Climaco, 16 SCRA 175
Velayo v Comelec, 327 SCRA 713
Part VII
PROCLAMATION
Proclamation, defined.
When to proclaim.
Omnibus Election Code, Art. II, Sec. 20, par. 4
Senators
District Representatives
Provincial officials
City officials
Municipal officials
Barangay officials
RA 7166, Sections 20(i), 21
Who to proclaim.
Omnibus Election Code, Article II, Section 20
Who proclaims.
PET
Macalintal v PET, GR No. 191618, November 23, 2010
Suspension or annulment of canvass and proclamation.
Agbayani v Comelec, 186 SCRA 484 (1990)
Second placer rule.
Benito v Comelec, 235 SCRA 436
Loreto v Brion, 311 SCRA 694
Tagolino v HRET, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013
Maquiling v Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, April 16, 2013
24
Assumption to office, effect of.

Agbayani v Comelec, 186 SCRA 484 (1990)
Assumption to office, failure.
Partial proclamation.
RA 7166, Section 21
Annulment of proclamation, grounds.
Torres v Comelec, 270 SCRA 583
Part VIII
ELECTION CONTESTS
Election contest, defined.

Protest, defined.
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC, Rule 1, Section 3(d)
Protest, who may file.

Municipal & Barangay officials
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC, Rule 2, Section 5
Regional, Provincial & City officials
1998 HRET Rules, Rule 17
Senators
Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal, Rule 14
Rules of Presidential Electoral Tribunal, Rule 14
Protest, when to file.

SK officials
RA 7808, Section 1
Omnibus Election Code, Sections 251, 252 & 253
1998 HRET Rules, Rule 16 & 17
Senators
Revised Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal, Rule 14
25
Protest, grounds for.

A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC, Rule 2, Section 11(f)
Common grounds: fraud, terrorism, irregularities or illegal acts
committed before, during or after the casting and counting of votes.
Protest, where filed.

SK Officials
RA 7166, Section 1
Papandayan v Comelec, 230 SCRA 469
Regatcho v Cleto, 126 SCRA 342
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 1, Section 3(d)
Rule 2, Sections 1 & 2
Sampayan v Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Senators
Protest, motion for reconsideration.

SK officials
1993 Comelec Rules of Procedure
Rule 37, Section 19
Rule 38, Section 12
Rule 37, Section 19
Rule 38, Section 12
Rule 19, Section 2
Senators
Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal, Rule 64
Reyes v RTC, 244 SCRA 41
26
Angela v Comelec, 322 SCRA 757

Protest, where & when to appeal.
1993 Comelec Rules of Procedure, Rule 22, Sec. 3
Lindo v Comelec, 194 SCRA 25
RA 7166, Section 22
Guieb v Fontanilla, 247 SCRA348 (1995)
Rivera v Comelec, 199 SCRA 178
Calucag v Comelec, 274 SCRA 405
Flores v Comelec, 184 sCRA 484
1987 Constitution, Article IX(A), Section 7
Rules of Court, Rule 65, Section 4
Lerias v HRET,
Senators
Rules of Court, Rule 65, Section 4
Execution of judgment in election protest pending appeal.

Ferno v Comelec, 328 SCRA 52
Relampagos v Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
Failure to pay appellate docket fee, effect of.

Reyes v RTC, 244 SCRA 41
Rodillas v Comelec, 245 SCRA 702
Protest, abandonment of.

Santiago v Ramos, 253 SCRA 559
Quo warranto, defined.

A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC, Rule 1, Section 3(e)
Quo warranto, where filed.

Papandayan v Comelec, 230 SCRA 469
Regatcho v Cleto, 126 SCRA 342
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC
Rule 1, Section 3(d)
Rule 2, Sections 1 & 2
27

Sampayan v Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Senators
Quo warranto, who may file.
Senators
1998 Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal, Rule 15
Quo warranto, when to file.

SK officials
RA 7808, Section 1
1998 HRET Rules, Rule 16 & 17
Senators
Revised Rules of Senate Electoral Tribunal, Rule 15
Quo warranto, grounds for.
A.M. No. 07-4-15-SC, Rule 2, Section 11(f)
Common ground: ineligibility or disloyalty to country.
Samad v Comelec, 224 SCRA 631
Quo warranto, where & when to appeal.
Quo warranto in elective and appointive office,
distinguished.
FOR PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION

28
LAWS ON PUBLIC OFFICERS (LLB 247N)

Part I
INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
A. Public office and public officers
Article XI, 1987 Constitution
Section 2(b), R.A. 3019
Article 203, Revised Penal Code
Concerned Citizens v Arzaga, AMO No. P-94-1067, Jan. 30, 1997
Fernandez v Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 116418, March 7, 2005
Laurel v Desierto, G.R. No. 145368, April 12, 2002
Segovia v Noel, 47 Phil. 543
Cornejo v Gabriel, 41 Phil. 188 (1920)
Abeja v Tañada, G.R. No. 110272, August 30, 1994
Javier v Sandiganbayan, G.R.No. 147026-27, 9-11-09
Azarcon v Sandiganbayan, 268 sCRA 747
Serana v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 162059, Jan. 22, 2008
Go v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 172602, April 13, 2007
B. Kinds of public officers

De jure
De facto
Sampayan v Daza, G.R. No. 103903, September 11, 1992
Gen. Manager of PPA v Monserate, G.R. No. 129616, April 17, 2002
C. Who may be public officers: eligibility and qualifications
Who prescribes qualifications
Time of possession of qualifications

Usual qualifications
Article VI, Sections 2 & 6, 1987 Constitution
Article VII, Section 3, 1987 Constitution
Article IX(B), (C), Section 1(1), 1987 Constitution
Section 22, Book V, EO 292
Article III, Section 5, 1987 Constitution
Maquera v Borra, G.R. No. L-24761, Sept. 7, 1965
Social Justice Society v DDB, G.R. No. 157870,
Pimentel v Comelec, G.R. No. 161658, Nov. 3, 2008
Laserna v DDB & PDEA, G.R. No. 158633, November 3, 2008
Disqualifications
Under the Constitution
Under the Local Government Code
Omnibus Election Code
Other laws
29
Effect of pardon
Monsanto v Factoran, G.R. No. 78239, Feb. 9, 1989
Garcia v Chair of CoA, G.R. No. 75025, 9-14-93
D. Formation of relations
By election
By appointment
Central Bank v CSC, G.R. No. 80455-56, April 10, 1989
Stages of appointment
Lacson v Romero, G.R. No. L-3081, October 14, 1949
Appointment distinguished from designation
Santiago v CoA, G.R. No. 92284, July 12, 1991
Sevilla v Santos, G.R. No. 88498, June 9, 1992
Next-in-rank rule
Santiago Jr. v CSC, G.R. No. 81467, October 27, 1989
Discretion of appointing authority
Lapinid v CSC, G.R. No. 96298, May 14, 1991
Luego v CSC, G.R. No. L-69137, Aug. 5, 1986
E. Assumption and term of office
Borromeo v Mariano, 41 Phil. 322

Doctrine of holdover capacity
Abas Kida v Senate, G.R. No. 196271, October 18, 2011
F. Code of Conduct: R.A. 6713
Carabeo v CA, G.R. No. 178000 and 178003, Dec. 4, 2009
Part II
POWERS, DUTIES, PRIVILEGES & PROHIBITIONS
A. Source of power
Article II, Section 1, 1987 Constitution
B. Scope of authority
Doctrine of necessary implication

Lo Cham v Ocampo, 77 Phil. 636, 638 (1946)
C. Kinds of authority
Discretionary
Ministerial
Aprueba v Ganzon, G.R. No. 138570, Oct. 10, 2000
First Phil. Holdings v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 88345, Feb. 1, 1996
30
D. Rights and privileges

Right to office
Right to compensation
Article VI, Section 10, 1987 Constitution
Article VIII, Section 10
Article IX-A, Section 3
CSC v Richard Cruz, G.R. No. 187858, Aug. 9, 2011
Presidential immunity from suit

Soliven v Makasiar, G.R. No. 82585, November 14, 1988
Doctrine of official immunity
Farolan v Solmac Marketing, G.R. No. 83589, March 13, 1991
Tuzon v CA, G.R. No. 90107, August 21, 1992
Preference in promotion
Taduran v CSC, G.R. No. L-52051, July 31, 1984
Leave of absence
Sections 284, 285, Revised Admin. Code, as amended by R.A. 2625
Retirement pay
Santiago v COA, G.R. No. 92284, July 12, 1991
E. Prohibitions
Sections 2(3), 8, Article IX-B, 1987 Constitution
Part III
Liabilities of Public Officers
A. Presumption of good faith & regularity
Sections 38 and 39, Chapter IX, Administrative Code of 1987

Farolan v Solmac Mktg., G.R. No. 83589, March 13, 1991
Tuzon v CA, G.R. No. 90107, August 21, 1992
Phil. Racing Club v Bonifacio, G.R. No. L-11910, Sept. 31, 1960
San Luis v CA, G.R. No. 80160, June 26, 1989
B. Kinds of liability
Nonfeasance, misfeasance, malfeasance, defined.

Test to determine if offense was committed in relation to the office
Crisostomo v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152389, April 14, 2005
Esteban v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 146646-69, March 11, 2005
C. Three-fold liability rule

31
Domingo v Rayala, G.R. No. 155831, February 18, 2008

Office of the President v Cataquiz, G.R. No. 183445, Sept. 14, 2011
Chavez v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 91391, Jan. 24, 1991
D. Liability of Superior Officers for Acts of Subordinates
Arias v Sandiganbayan, 180 SCRA 309

Cesa v Ombudsman, G.R. No. 166658, April 30, 2008
Part IV
Termination of Relations
A. Modes of termination
End of term
Fernandez v Ledesma, G.R. No. L-18878, March 30, 1963
Hernandez v Villegas, G.R. No. L-17287, June 30, 1965
Abas Kida v Senate, G.R. No. 196271, October 18, 2011
Retirement
Beronilla v GSIS, G.R. No. L-21723, Nov. 26, 1970
Abolition of office
Manalang v Quitoriano, G.R. No. L-6898, April 30, 1954
Facundo v Pablan, G.R. No. L-17746, January 31, 1962
Cruz v Primicias, 23 SCRA 998
Busacay v Buenaventura, 94 Phil. 1033
Reorganization
Dario v Mison, G.R. No. 81954, August 8, 1989
Dela Llana v Alba, 112 SCRA 294
1987 Constitution, Article VIII, Section 11
Biraogo v Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935 & 193036, Dec. 7, 2010
Cotiangco v Province of Biliran, G.R. No. 157139, Oct. 19, 2011
Abandonment
Summers v Ozaeta, G.R. No. L-1534, October 25, 1948
Incompatible office
Resignation
Office of the Ombudsman v Andutan, G.R. No. 164679, July 27, 2011
Removal
In re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771
Morales v CA, G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015
32
Recall
Prescription
Unabia v City Mayor, 99 Phil. 253
Failure to assume office

Section 11, Omnibus Election Code
Part V
Administrative Discipline
A. Over presidential appointees
Exceptions
Maceda v Vasquez, 221 SCRA 464
Dolalas v Ombudsman, G.R. No. 118808, Dec. 24, 1996
B. Over non-presidential appointees

Section 46, Book V, EO 292
C. Over elective officials

Article XI, 1987 Constitution
Sections 60-69, Local Government Code
Morales v CA, G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015
D. The Ombudsman
Jurisdiction
Ombudsman v CA, G.R. No. 160675, June 16, 2006
Remolona v CSC, 362 SCRA 804
Acop v Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566
Camanag v Guerrero, G.R. No. 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
Khan Jr. v Ombudsman, G.R. No. 125296, July 20, 2006
Power to Investigate Administrative Charges

Ombudsman v Galicia, G.R. No. 167711, October 10, 2008
Ombudsman v Beltran, G.R. No. 168039, June 5, 2009
Ombudsman v CA, G.R. No. 167844, November 22, 2006
Concurrent with the Office of the President

Hagad v Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
Gonzales III v OP, G.R. No. 196231, Sulit v Ochoa,
G.R. No. 196232, Sept. 4, 2012, MR, January 28, 2014
Concurrent with the DoJ

Honasan v DoJ Panel of Prosecutors, G.R. No. 159747, Apr. 13, 2004
Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after February 25, 1986

Republic v Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994
33
Ombudsman for the Military

Agbay v Deputy Omb. for the Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999
Preventive Suspension
Lastimosa v Vasquez, G.R. No. 116801, April 6, 1995
Carabeo v CA, G.R. No. 178000, December 4, 2009
Enforcement of decisions
Marcelo v Ganaden v CA, G.R. Nos. 170500, 170510-11, June 1, 2011
FOR FINAL EXAMINATIONS

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (LLB 247N)
34
Part I
Introductory Concepts
A. Administrative Law, defined.
B. Administrative Law, sources.

Mecano v COA, 216 SCRA 500 (1992)
Leveriza v IAC, 157 SCRA 282 (1988)
C. Administrative agencies
Section 2(1), Chapter I, Book VII, EO 292
C.1. Distinction from department, bureau, office, instrumentality
Sec. 2(10, (11) Introductory Provisions, EO 292
United Residents v CSLP, 353 SCRA 782
C.2. Justification for their existence
Abejo v Dela Cruz, G.R. No. L-63558, May 19, 1987
Solid Homes, Inc. v Payawal, G.R. No. 84811, Aug. 29, 1989
C.3. Administrative relationships among agencies:
supervision, control, attachment
Beja Sr. v CA, 207 SCRA 689
C.4. Nature and manner of creation and abolition
Pantranco v PSC, 70 Phil. 229 (1940)
Solid Homes, Inc. v Payawal, 177 SCRA 72, 79 (1989)
Secretary of DOTC v Mabalot, 378 SCRA 129 (2002)
Eugenio v CSC, 243 SCRA 196 (1995)
De la Llana v Alba, 112 SCRA 294
R.A. 7645, Sec. 62
Larin v Executive Secretary, 280 SCRA 713 (1997)
R.A. 6656, Sections 2-3
Cebu United Enterprises v Gallofin, 106 Phil. 491
Crisostomo v CA, 258 SCRA 134 (1996)
Viola v Alunan III, 277 SCRA 409 (1997)
NLTDRA v CSC, 221 SCRA 145 (1993)
Canonizado v Aguirre, GR No. 133132, January 25, 2000
Bagaoisan v NTA, GR No. 151908, August 12, 2003
C.5. Doctrine of separation of powers
Separate opinion, Justice Puno, Macalintal v Comelec,
GR No. 157013, July 10, 2003
D. Powers of administrative agencies
D.1. quasi-legislative
D.2. quasi-judicial
Smart Communications, Inc. v NTC, 408 SCRA 678
D.3. implied powers
Laguna Lake Development Authority v CA, 231 SCRA 292
Part II
Quasi-legislative Power: Doctrine of Subordinate Legislation
35
A. Nature and definition

Rizal Empire Insurance Group v NLRC, 150 SCRA 565
Sigre v CA, 387 SCRA 15
B. Kinds: Interpretative & Legislative regulation

(supplementary and contingent)
Eslao v CoA, 236 SCRA 161
Peralta v CSC, 211 SCRA 425
C. Source: valid delegation
People v Vera, 65 Phil. 56 (focus only on pp. 112-125)
Edu v Ericta, 35 SCRA 481
ACCFA v CUGCO, 30 sCRA 649
Eastern Shipping Lines v POEA, 166 SCRA 533
Shechter Poultry Corp. v US, 295 SCRA 495
E. Requisites of valid regulation
E.1. Authorized by law
Tayug Rural Bank v CB, GR No. L-46158, Nov. 28, 1986
E.2. Promulgated within the scope of authority
Boie-Takeda v Dela Serna, GR No. 92174, Dec. 10, 1993
Republic v CA, GR No. 109193, Feb. 1, 2000
People v Maceren, GR No. L-32166, Oct. 18, 1977
Echegaray v DoJ Secretary, GR No. 132601, Oct 12, 1998
E.3. Promulgated in accordance with prescribed procedure
E.4. Reasonable and fair
E.5. Duly published
Tanada v Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446
Republic v Medina, GR No. L-32068, Oct. 4, 1971
PCF v Education Secretary, GR No. 78385, Aug. 31, 1987
E.6. Filed with UP Law Center
EO NO. 172, Section 3

EO 200
CIR v Court of Appeals, 261 SCRA 236
EO 292, Book VII, Chapter 2, Section 3(1)
Lupangco v CA, 160 SCRA 848
People v Veridiano, 132 SCRA 523
F. Penal regulations
People v Santos, 62 Phil. 300
Pesigan v Angeles, 129 SCRA 174
G. Construction and interpretation
Part III
Quasi-Judicial Power
36
Section 15, Article III, 1987 Constitution

PCGG v Pena, 159 SCRA 556
United Residents of Dominican Hills v CSLP, 353 SCRA 782
A. Requirements for valid exercise
A.1. Jurisdiction
Globe Wireless Ltd. v Public Service Commission, 147 SCRA 269
A.2. Due Process

Utto v Comelec, 375 SCRA 523
Garcia v Pajaro, 384 SCRA 122
Ang Tibay v CIR, 69 Phil. 635
Rivera v CSC, 240 SCRA 43
Corona v CA, 214 SCRA 378
A.3. Exceptions to requirements of notice and hearing
B. Related powers
B.1. Rules of procedure
Villasenor v Ombudsman, G.R. No. 202303, June 4, 2014
B.2. Subpoena power
B.3. Contempt power
Provident Tree Farm v Batario Jr., 231 SCRA 463
Agusmin v CA, 117 SCRA 369
Section 13, Chapter 3, Book VII, EO 292
Carmelo v Ramos, 6 SCRA 836
Lastimosa v Vasquez, 243 SCRA 497
Section 13, Chapter 3, Book VII, EO 292
C. Quantum of proof
Lameyra v Pangilinan, 322 SCRA 117
Rubberworld v NLRC, 175 SCRA 450
ERB v CA, 357 SCRA 30
D. Enforcement and execution

Lapid v CA, 334 SCRA 738
E. Res judicata
San Luis v CA, 174 SCRA 258
F. Doctrine of primary jurisdiction or Doctrine of Prior Resort
Abejo v De la Cruz, 149 SCRA 654

Province of Zamboanga del Norte v CA, 342 SCRA 549
Antipolo Realty v NHA, 153 SCRA 399
Villaflor v CA, 280 SCRA 287
37
G. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
Garcia v CA, 358 SCRA 416

Gonzales v CA, 357 SCRA 599
Castro v Gloria, GR No. 132174, August 20, 2001
Laguna CATV v Maraan, GR No. 139492, Nov. 19, 2002
H. Exceptions to the doctrine of exhaustion

Paat v CA, 266 SCRA 167
I. Effect of noncompliance with the doctrine of exhaustion

Sunville v Timber v Abad, 206 SCRA 482
Rule 16, Section 1(j), Rules of Civil Procedure
Castro v Gloria, GR No. 132174, August 20, 2001
Part IV
Checks on Administrative Agencies
A. President
Buklod ng Kawaning EIIB v Zamora, GR No. 142801-802, Jul 20, 2001
B. Congress
B.1. Confirmation of Appointments
Sarmiento v Mison, GR No. 79974, Dec. 17, 1987
Calderon v Carale, GR No. 91636, April 23, 1992
Manalo v Sistoza, GR No. 107369, Aug. 11, 1999
Soriano V Lista, GR No. 153881, March 24, 2003
B.2. Creation and abolition
B.3. Appropriation
GR No. 157013, July 10, 2003
B.4. Legislative investigation
GR No. 157013, July 10, 2003
C. Ombudsman
Ombudsman Act of 1989 (RA 6770)
Uy v Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 105965-70, March 20, 2001
Honasan II v Panel of Prosecutors, G.R . No. 159747, April 13, 2004
Ledesma v CA, GR No. 161629, July 29, 2005
D. Courts
Part V
Judicial Review
38
Chung Fu Industries v CA, 206 SCRA 587
A. Methods of review
A.1. General vis-à-vis specific
A.2. Constitutional, statutory or based on Rules of Court
A.3. Extraordinary writ of certiorari, prohibition or mandamus
A.4. Section 9(3), BP Blg. 129
A.5. Rules 43, Rules of Court
B. Questions reviewable
Atlas Consolidated Mining v Factoran, 154 SCRA 49
Amigo Manufacturing v Cluett Peabody, 354 SCRA 434
ERB v CA, 357 SCRA 30
Part VI
The Constitutional Commissions
A. Civil Service Commission
A.1. Composition and qualifications
Article IX(B), Section 1(1)
Article VII, Section 13, par.2
A.2. Appointment and term of office of commissioners
A.3. Appointment of personnel of CSC
Article IX(A), Section 4
A.4. Salary
Article XVIII, Section 17, Article IX(A), Section 3
A.5. Disqualifications
A.6. Removal
Article XI, Section 2
A.7. Functions
Article IX(B), Section 3
Luego v CSC, 143 SCRA 327
A.8. Scope of Civil Service
A.9. Review of decisions
A.10. Fiscal autonomy
B. Commission on Elections
B.1. Composition and Qualifications
Article IX(C), Section 1(1)
Cayetano v Monsod, 201 SCRA 210
B.2. Appointment and term of office of commissioners
B.3. Disqualifications
39
B.4. Salary
Article XVIII, Section 17
B.5. Appointment of personnel
B.6. Removal
B.7. Functions
B.7.1. Administrative
Article IX(C), Sections 2(1), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9)
B.7.2. Adjudicatory
Article IX(C), Section 2(2), and (3)
Canicosa v Comelec, Dec. 5, 1997
B.7.3. Rule-making
Aruelo Jr. v CA, 227 SCRA 311
B.7.4. Regulatory
Article IX(C), Section 4
NPC v Comelec, 144 SCRA 194
B.8. Review of Decisions
Flores v Comelec, 184 SCRA 484
Garces v CA, 259 SCRA 99
B.9. Fiscal autonomy

C. Commission on Audit
C.1. Composition and Qualifications
Article IX(D), Section 1(1)
C.2. Appointment and term of office of commissioners
Article IX(D), Section 1(2)
C.3. Appointment of personnel of CoA
C.4. Salary
Article XVIII, Section 17
C.5. Disqualifications
C.6. Removal
C.7. Functions
Article IX(D), Sections 2-3
40
Philippine Airlines v CoA, 245 SCRA 39

National Housing Corp. v CoA, 226 SCRA 55
Luego v CSC, 143 SCRA 327
C.8. Scope of civil service
C.9. Review of decisions
C.10. Fiscal Autonomy
Part VII
National Commissions
A. Commission on Human Rights (CHR)

A.1. Composition and Qualifications
Article XIII, Section 17, 1987 Constitution
Bautista v Salonga, GR No. 86439, April 13, 1989
A.2. Powers and functions
Article XIII, Sections 18-19
Carino v CHR, GR No. 96681, December 2, 1991
EPZA v CR, 208 SCRA 125
Simon Jr. v CHR, 229 SCRA 118
A.3. Fiscal autonomy
Article XIII, Section 17(4)
B. National Language Commission

Article XIV, Section 9, 1987 Constitution
C. National Police Commission

Article XVI, Section 6, 1987 Constitution
D. Commission on Indigenous Cultural Communities

Article XVI, Section 12, 1987 Constitution

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What are the main components covered in the course?

What are the main components covered in the course?

What are the learning outcomes at the course level?

What are the learning outcomes at the course level?

University of San Carlos

School of Law & Governance

COURSE OUTLINE IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, ELECTION LAWS & LAWS ON

Course : LLB 247N

It is a component of Political Law. A three-in-one course that studies

In Administrative Law, it studies public administrative agencies,

In Laws on Public Officers, it studies eligibility and qualifications of

PROGRAM LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES1 (PLLO):

Upon completion, Carolinian law graduates demonstrate the following:

Upon completion, the Carolinian law graduate is expected to be Witness to

Scientia: A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL

Virtus: A VIRTUOUS EXEMPLAR

Devotio: A DEDICATED ADVOCATE

COURSE LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon completion, the law students should be able to:

CLLO 1: Recognize modes by which public officers, elective and appointive,

CLLO 2: Recognize the sovereign power of every citizen in choosing public

LEARNING APPROACHES, STRATEGIES & TECHNIQUES:

In order to achieve such objectives, this course employs in the main

At the end of oral recitations on a particular subject matter, the

There are 4 written major examinations where students are asked to

No particular reference material is prescribed.

In order to measure student performance, this course uses the

Oral recitation with the passing grade 70%

Mid-Term Period Oral Recitation (20%)

Final Period Oral Recitation (20%)

Final Grade 50% of the Midterm Period Grade

FOR PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Election laws, purpose.

Election laws, how construed.

Local Government Code of 1991, Section 39

President & Vice-President, basis for proclamation.

Presidential and vice-presidential tie, how broken.

Presidential succession, in case of vacancy at the start of term.

Presidential succession, in case of vacancy on mid-term.

Permanent disability of the President.

Resignation of the President.

Vacancy in the office of the Vice-President, how filled.

Vacancy in both the presidency and vice-presidency,

Senators, number, how elected, term of office & term limit.

Members of the House of Representatives, number, how elected, term of

Lonzanida v Comelec, G.R. No. 135150, July 28, 1999

Members of the House of Representatives, qualifications.

Party-List Representatives or Nominees, qualifications.

Sectors to be represented by party-list, enumerated.

Sectors to be represented by party-list, classified.

Nature of constitutional & statutory enumeration of sectors.

Nature of list of nominees.

Vacancy in the Senate or House of Representatives, how filled.

Elective local officials, term of office & term limit.

Local Government Code of 1991, Section 39

SK officials, qualifications and disqualifications.

Elective local officials, disqualifications.

Vacancy in elective local offices, grounds.

Adjustment of period of pre-election requirements.