1.5 Fermenter (R-103) mass balance.

Fermenter is used to generate effectively a target product which is glutamic acid.

Assumption:

1. Assume overall conversion for the fermenter is 74%.

2. Nutrient (biotin) acts as catalyst.

3. Steady-state condition.

S8 S9

S7 Fermenter (R-103) S10

Stream Components Mass flow Mass Molar flow Molar

rate (kg/hr) fraction rate fraction

(kmol/hr)

Input 7 Glucose 13387.5802 0.9408 74.3011 0.7175

Nutrients 340.3809 0.0239 1.3932 0.0134

(biotin)

Water 501.5641 0.0352 27.8647 0.2691

8 Oxygen 7131.2311 1.0000 222.8510 1.0000

9 NH4OH 976.0872 1.0000 27.8564 1.0000

Total 22336.8435 354.2664

 Output 10 Glutamic acid 2022.3955 0.09016 13.7456 0.02216

Glucose 3480.8212 0.1552 19.3186 0.03114

Nutrient 340.3808 0.01517 1.3932 0.002246

Water 5573.7311 0.2485 309.6517 0.4992

Oxygen 381.4562 0.017005 11.9205 0.01922

NH4OH 109.4134 0.004878 3.1225 0.005034

Biomass 1451.5398 0.06471 54.9826 0.08864

CO2 9072.1238 0.4044 206.1846 0.3324

Total 22431.8618 620.3193

1.6 Storage Tank (TK-101) mass balance.

Storage tank is used to receive the materials from the fermenter and to ensure that the process

is continuous to the downstream section.

Assumption:

1. The amount of inlet product is equal to the outlet product.

S10 S11
Storage Tank TK-
101

Stream Components Mass flow Mass Molar Molar

rate fraction flow rate fraction

(kg/hr) (kmol/hr)
In S10
S10 Glutamic 2022.3955 0.09016 13.7456 0.02216

acid

Glucose 3480.8212 0.1552 19.3186 0.03114

Nutrient 340.3808 0.01517 1.3932 0.002246

Water 5573.7311 0.2485 309.6517 0.4992

Oxygen 381.4562 0.017005 11.9205 0.01922

NH4OH 109.4134 0.004878 3.1225 0.005034

Biomass 1451.5398 0.06471 54.9826 0.08864

CO2 9072.1238 0.4044 206.1846 0.3324

Total 22431.8618 620.3193

Out S11 Glutamic 2022.3955 0.09016 13.7456 0.02216

acid

Glucose 3480.8212 0.1552 19.3186 0.03114

Nutrient 340.3808 0.01517 1.3932 0.002246

Water 5573.7311 0.2485 309.6517 0.4992

Oxygen 381.4562 0.017005 11.9205 0.01922

NH4OH 109.4134 0.004878 3.1225 0.005034

Biomass 1451.5398 0.06471 54.9826 0.08864

CO2 9072.1238 0.4044 206.1846 0.3324

Total 22431.8618 620.3193

1.7 Rotary Vacuum Filtration (T-102) mass balance.

Rotary vacuum filtration is used to remove the cell mass and impurities from fermenter.

Assumptions:

1. The amount of inlet product is equal to outlet product.

2. Assume 2% of total liquid is removed at S12.

3. Assume all solid and gases removed at S12.

S12

S11 Rotary vacuum S13

filtration (T-102)

Stream Components Mass flow Mass Molar Molar

rate fraction flow rate fraction

(kg/hr) (kmol/hr)

In S11 Glutamic 2022.3955 0.09016 13.7456 0.02216

acid

Glucose 3480.8212 0.1552 19.3186 0.03114

Nutrient 340.3808 0.01517 1.3932 0.002246

Water 5573.7311 0.2485 309.6517 0.4992

Oxygen 381.4562 0.017005 11.9205 0.01922

NH4OH 109.4134 0.004878 3.1225 0.005034

 Biomass 1451.5398 0.06471 54.9826 0.08864

CO2 9072.1238 0.4044 206.1846 0.3324

Total 22431.8618 620.3193

Out S12 Glutamic 40.5877 0.002556 0.0099 2.3753×10-

5
acid

Glucose 2201.5578 0.1387 12.2187 0.02931

Nutrient 340.38088 0.02144 1.3932 0.003343

Water 2280.5617 0.1436 126.6979 0.3040

Oxygen 381.4562 0.02402 11.9205 0.02860

NH4OH 109.4134 0.006891 3.1225 0.007492

Biomass 1451.5398 0.09142 54.9826 0.1319

CO2 9072.1238 0.5714 206.1846 0.4947

Total 15877.6213 416.7957

S13 Glutamic 1981.8078 0.3024 13.4698 0.06618

acid

Glucose 1279.2642 0.1952 7.09992 0.03488

Water 3293.1694 0.4942 182.9539 0.8989

Total 6554.2414 203.5236

Total (S12 + 22431.8618 620.3193

S13)
Analysis on Energy Balance.

2.4 Fermenter (R-103) energy balance.

Assumption:

1. No shaft work, Ws = 0

2. No evaporation, Mv = 0

3. Heat of reaction ΔHc at 30C is -460kJ gmol-1 O2 consumed.

4. Q accumulation, Qacc = 0

5. Negligible sensible heat change Qsen = 0

T = 30°C T = 30°C
S8 S9 P = 2 bar
P = 2 bar

T = 30°C S7 S10
Fermenter (R-103) T = 30°C
P = 2 bar P = 2 bar

For cell metabolism, the modified energy balance equation is:

-ΔHrxn – MvΔHv – Q – Ws = 0
Since Ws = 0 and Mv = 0, hence:
ΔHrxn – Q = 0
 2.5 Rotary Vacuum Filtration (T-102) energy balance.

T = 30°C
P = 7 bar
S12

T = 30°C S11 Rotary vacuum S13 T = 30°C

P = 2 bar filtration (T-102)
P = 7 bar

Assumption:

1. Q – Ws = ΔH + ΔEk + ΔEp

Ws = 0 (no moving part)

ΔEk = 0 (system is stationary)

ΔEp = 0 (no change in height)

Hence;

Q = ΔH

2. Nutrient (catalyst); ΔH = 0

Reference state:

Glutamic acid (liquid, 30°C, 7 bar)

Biomass (solid, 30°C, 7 bar)

Glucose (liquid, 30°C, 7 bar)

Water (liquid, 30°C, 7 bar)

Oxygen (gas, 30°C, 7 bar)

Ammonium hydroxide (liquid, 30°C, 7 bar)

Carbon dioxide (gas, 30°C, 7 bar)

Stream Temp Pressure Components Molar flow Enthalpy, ΔH

(°C) (bar) rate (kJ/kmol)

(kmol/hr)

Input 11 30 2 Glutamic acid 13.7456 ΔH1 = 50.38799

Biomass 54.9826 ΔH2 = 131.9958

Glucose 19.3186 ΔH3 = 57.75005

Nutrient 1.3932 ΔH4 = 0

Water 309.6517 ΔH5 = 9.0269

Oxygen 11.9205 ΔH6 = 0.01684

Ammonium 3.1225 ΔH7 = 21.9106

hydroxide

Carbon 206.1846 ΔH8 =

dioxide 8121.7614

Total 1686511.6730 kJ/hr

Output 12 30 7 Glutamic acid 0.2757 ΔH9 = 0

Biomass 54.9826 ΔH10 = 0

Glucose 12.2187 ΔH11 = 0

Nutrient 1.3932 ΔH12 = 0

Water 126.6979 ΔH13 = 0

Oxygen 11.92051 ΔH14 = 0

 Ammonium 3.1225 ΔH15 = 0

hydroxide

Carbon 206.1846 ΔH16 = 0

dioxide

Total 0 kJ/hr

13 30 7 Glutamic acid 13.4696 ΔH17 = 0

Glucose 7.09992 ΔH18 = 0

Water 182.9539 ΔH19 = 0

Total 0 kJ/hr

Q = ΔH = -1686511.6730 kJ/hr

Power = 468.4755 kW

2.6 Throttle valve (V-103) energy balance.

S13 Throttle valve S14 T = 30°C

T = 30°C
(V-103)
P = 7 bar P = 2 bar

Assumption:

1. Q – Ws = ΔH + ΔEk + ΔEp

Ws = 0 (no moving part)

ΔEk = 0 (system is stationary)

ΔEp = 0 (no change in height)

 Hence;

Q = ΔH

Reference state:

Glutamic acid (liquid, 30°C, 2 bar)

Glucose (liquid, 30°C, 2 bar)

Water (liquid, 30°C, 2 bar)

Stream Temp Pressure Components Molar Enthalpy,

(°C) (bar) flow rate ΔH

(kmol/hr) (kJ/kmol)

Input 13 30 7 Glutamic 13.4698 ΔH1 =

acid 50.38799

Glucose 7.09992 ΔH2 =

57.75006

Water 182.9539 ΔH3 =

9.0269

Total 2740.2435 kJ/hr

Output 14 30 2 Glutamic 13.4698 ΔH4 = 0

acid

Glucose 7.09992 ΔH5 = 0

Water 182.9539 ΔH6 = 0

Total 0 kJ/hr

Q = ΔH = - 2740.2435 kJ/hr
Power = 0.7528 kW