Procedure and Scope

This Pressure Drop Calculator is designed for Newtonian Liquids and is for general use.
The methods used are Hooper's 2K and Darby's 3K method as they give the better curve fits for pressure loss
vs k factor data for various fittings. The advantage with both the methods is that K values are compensated
for change in Reynolds Number and pipe internal diameter as well, unlike other famous methods.
This compensation brings more accuracy to the pressure drop calculation at any flowrate.

User can input the Pipe ID from the standard drop down list or use their own data
Please check that proper option is chosen to input the pipe diameter

Though the spreadsheet takes input parameters in metric system, the corresponding
calculated values in IP system give a clue to the user if they are not comfortable with metric system

The friction factor is calculated using Poiseuille's equation for laminar flow and Colebrook's equation
for transitional and turbulent flows. However, Katmar's version of Churchill can be used
as one single equation for all kinds of flow. I must appreciate Katmar (Harvey) for this.

I personally opine that, as both Hooper's and Darby's methods give better pressure loss values when compared
with conventional methods, collective data can be used for final pressure drop calculation, in the absence of
suitable factors. For ex. as there are no factors of K, incase of Darby, for miters other than 2 welds
and also for reducers, expanders and orifices, Hooper's values can be included to the final value
of Darby's. I didn't include this in my calculation, at this juncture, and it is users discretion
to use any other suitable method or logic.

This calculator is comfortable with single pipe size and I suggest, if there is a variation of pipe size, to
calculate the sections independantly. In a nut shell, my suggestion is not to calculate reducer and expander
pressure drops in a single step.

The friction factor worksheet calculates Darcy's friction factor by Colebrook's equation.
When dealing with Colebrook's equation, 5 steps of iteration are generally sufficient.
I also included other explicit equations for the calculation of friction factor, based on the article
Estimate friction factor accurately by TK Serghides appeared in March' 84 volume of Chemical Engineering
Magazine.

Good Luck,

Ravi Sankar Duvvuri

 Liquid Pressure Drop Calculator

Select the Option ® Standard Use Cells C4 and D4

Nominal Size and Schedule 2.5" 40
Pipe ID (For pipes not in above list) 0.8740 inches
Flow Rate (Input) 12 m3/hr 52.84 gpm
Density(r) (Input) 900 kg/m3 56.19 lb/ft3
Dynamic Viscosity (µ) (Input) 5 cP
Absolute Roughness (e) (Input) 0.05 mm 0.0020 inches

Velocity (V) 1.08 m/s 3.54 feet/sec

Inner Diameter (ID) 0.0627 m 2.469 inches
Reynolds Number (NRe) 12180
Friction Factor (f) 0.030647
Procedure 2-K 3-K
Total Pressure Drop (m) 15.92 15.85
Total Pressure Drop (Pa) 156081.04 155334.91
Total Pressure Drop (psi) 22.60 22.52
Shear Force 222 N/m2

Input the values in appropriate cells of Column C below

Component Qty Unit Hooper 2-K Darby 3-K

Elevation 5 m 5.000 5.000
Pipe Length 350 m 10.149 10.149
900 Elbow
Threaded, r/D = 1 0 No 0.000 0.000
Threaded, Long Radius, r/D = 1.5 20 No 0.411 0.432
Flanged, Welded, Bend, r/D = 1 0 No 0.000 0.000
Flanged, Welded, Bend, r/D = 2 0 No 0.000
Flanged, Welded, Bend, r/D = 4 0 No 0.000
Flanged, Welded, Bend, r/D = 6 0 No 0.000
Mitered, 1 Weld, 90 Degree 0 No 0.000 0.000
Mitered, 2 Welds, 45 Degree 0 No 0.000 0.000
Mitered, 3 Welds, 30 Degree 0 No 0.000 0.000
Mitered, 4 Welds, 22.5 Degree 0 No 0.000
Mitered, 5 Welds, 18 Degree 0 No 0.000
Valves
Angle Valve - 45 Degree, b = 1 0 No 0.000 0.000
Angle Valve - 90 Degree, b = 1 0 No 0.000
Globe Valve, b = 1 0 No 0.000 0.000
Plug Valve, Branch Flow 0 No 0.000
Plug Valve, Straight Through 0 No 0.000 0.000
Plug Valve, 3-way, Flow Through 0 No 0.000
Gate Valve, b = 1 0 No 0.000 0.000
Ball Valve, b = 1 6 No 0.090 0.033
Butterfly Valve 0 No 0.000
Diaphragm Valve, Dam Type 0 No 0.000 0.000
Swing Check Valve, Vmin = 35r-1/2 2 No 0.265 0.236
Lift Check Valve, Vmin = 40r-1/2 0 No 0.000 0.000
Tilting Disk Check Valve 0 No 0.000
 Steam Line Pressure Drop

Select the Option for Pipe Size Standard

Nominal Size and Schedule 3" 40
Pipe ID (for pipes not in above list) 2.067 inches 52.50 mm
Pipe ID 3.068 inches 77.93 mm
Flow Rate (Input) 30 lb/min 816.47 kg/hr
Steam Pressure 50 psig 3.45 barg
Steam Temperature 297 F 147.2222 0
C
Length of Piping 550 ft 167.6829 m
Density of Steam 0.149 lb/ft3 2.387 kg/m3

Pressure Drop 3.48 psi 0.24 bar

Velocity 3921.39 ft/min 19.93 m/s
 Babcock Formula

P1-P2 (DP) = 0.000131(1+3.6/d)w2L/rd5

w = Flowrate, lb/min
DP = Pressure Drop, psi
d = Inside diameter of pipe, inches
L = Pipe Length, ft
r = Density, lb/ft3

Ref: Applied Process Design for

Chemical and Petrochemical Plants
Volume 1 by Ernest E. Ludwig
 Gas Choked Flow Calculator

Pipe Diameter d 2 inch 50.8

Discharge Coefficient C 0.72
Cross Sectional Area A 0.021819 ft2 0.002028
Source Pressure (absolute) P1 188.55 psia 13.00
Downstream Pressure (absolute) P2 14.696 psia 1.01
Gas Temperature t 376.89 F 191.61
Density r 0.413 lb/ft3 6.62
Universal Gas Constant R 1545.3 ft-lb/(lbmol. 0R)
Gravitational Conversion Factor gc 32.17 ft/s2
Compressibility Factor @ P and T Z 0.916
Specific Heat @ Constant Pressure Cp 0.685 Btu/lbF 2.868
Specific Heat @ Constant Volume Cv 0.479 Btu/lbF 2.005
Ratio of Specific Heats (Cp/Cv) k 1.43
Molecular Weight M 18.0153 lb/lbmol 18.0153

Source Pressure P1 27151.20 lb/ft2

Downstream Pressure P2 2116.22 lb/ft2
Choked Flow? Yes
Temperature (@P) T 836.89 R 0

Mass Flow Rate Q 6.508 lb/s 10626.45

 Formula

mm

m2
bara
bara
0
C
kg/m3

kJ/kgK P1/P2 >= ((k+1)/2)k/(k-1)

kJ/kgK
PV = nRT
kg/kgmol n = No. of Moles

PV = mRT/M
m = Mass
M = Molecular Weight

P = (m/V)(RT/M)
kg/h = rRT/M
or r = PM/ZRT for Real Gases
 Explicit Equations of Friction Factor and Colebrook's Equation

1 Churchill's Equation (for any Re and ε/D)

f= 8((8/Re)12 + 1/(A+B)1.5)1/12

A= (-2.457ln((7/Re)0.9+0.27ε/D))16

B= (37530/Re)16 e 5E-05

R 12180.083187654 ε/D 0.00079729

A 2.03E+19
B 6.60E+07
f 0.03086973

2 Serghides' Equation (Re>2100 and for any ε/D)

f= [A - ((B-A)2/(C-2B+A))]-2

A= -2.0 log((ε/D/3.7) + (12/Re))

B= -2.0 log ((ε/D/3.7)+(2.51A/Re))

C= -2.0 log ((ε/D/3.7) + (2.51B/Re))

A 5.84113229932855
B 5.69591924391886
C 5.71442992985982
f 0.03064590

3 Moody's Equation (4000 ≤ Re ≤ 107 and ε/D ≤ 0.01)

f= 5.5 x 10-3 (1+ (2 x 104ε/D + 106/Re)1/3)

f 0.03086145

4 Wood's Equation (Re ≥ 4000 and for any ε/D)

f= 0.094(ε/D)0.225 + 0.53(ε/D) + 88(ε/D)0.44Rea

a= -1.62(ε/D)0.134

a -0.622775402440743
f 0.03018515

5 Jain's Equation (5000 < Re < 107 and 0.00004 < ε/D < 0.05)

1/f1/2 = 1.14 - 2.0log(e/D + (21.25/Re0.9))

 or f = 1/(1.14 - 2.0log(e/D + (21.25/Re0.9)))2

f 0.03081239

6 Chen's Equation (for any Re and ε/D)

1/f1/2 = -2.0 log((ε/D/3.7065) - (5.0452A/Re))

or f = 1/(-2.0 log((ε/D/3.7065) - (5.0452A/Re)))2
A= log((ε/D)1.1098/2.8257 + (5.8506/Re0.8981))

A -2.85958658377784
f 0.03069254

7 Zigrang and Sylvester's Equation (4000 < Re < 108 and 0.00004 < ε/D < 0.05) - (1)

1/f1/2 = -2.0A
or f = 1/4A2
A= log((ε/D/3.7) - (5.02/Re)* log ((ε/D/3.7) + (13/Re)))

A -2.85159771470842
f 0.03074422

8 Zigrang and Sylvester's Equation (4000 < Re < 108 and 0.00004 < ε/D < 0.05) - (2)

1/f1/2 = -2.0log ((e/d/3.7) - (5.02A/Re))

or f = 1/(-2.0log ((e/d/3.7) - (5.02A/Re)))2

f 0.03063350

9 Colebrook's Equation

1/f1/2 = -2.0 log((e/D/3.7) + (2.51/Ref1/2))

or f = 1/(-2.0 log((e/D/3.7) + (2.51/Ref1/2)))2
f= 0.02

f 0.03242760 0.03042521 0.03067461 0.03064242

Note: Friction factor from Colebrook's equation generally converges after 4 steps of iteration.
If it doesn't converge, copy paste the previous cell to next cell and input the correct cell values for
Reynolds Number(C11) and Effective Roughness(F11)

10 Katmar - Using Churchill, but with Colebrook substituted for "A"

A 2.156E+19
B 6.602E+07
f 0.03064656
 0.03064656

cell values for

Comparision of Friction Factors from various Explicit Equations w.r.to Colebrook's Equation

Re e/D Colebrook Churchill Serghide Moody Wood Jain

12180.08 0.000797 0.03064656 0.03086973 0.03064590 0.03086145 0.03018515 0.03081239

Error (%) 0.728 -0.002 0.701 -1.506 0.541

Note: Zigrang's equation considered in this comparison is the second equation

 Chen Zigrang Katmar
0.03069254 0.03063350 0.03064656

0.150 -0.043 0.000

 Hooper's 2-K Friction Factor Method

Fitting Type Geometry K1 K¥ K

Elbow - 90 Degree Standard, Screwed r/D = 1 800 0.40 0.628
Standard, Flanged/Welded r/D = 1 800 0.25 0.417
Long Radius, all types r/D = 1.5 800 0.20 0.347
Mitered, 1 Weld, 90 Degree r/D = 1.5 1000 1.15 1.698
Mitered, 2 Welds, 45 Degree r/D = 1.5 800 0.35 0.557
Mitered, 3 Welds, 30 Degree r/D = 1.5 800 0.30 0.487
Mitered, 4 Welds, 22.5 Degree r/D = 1.5 800 0.27 0.445
Mitered, 5 Welds, 18 Degree r/D = 1.5 800 0.25 0.417
Elbow - 45 Degree Standard, all types r/D = 1 500 0.20 0.322
Long Radius, all types r/D = 1.5 500 0.15 0.252
Mitered, 1 Weld, 45 Degree 500 0.25 0.392
Mitered, 2 Welds, 22.5 Degree 500 0.15 0.252
Elbows - 180 Degree Standard, Screwed r/D = 1 1000 0.60 0.925
Standard, Flanged/Welded r/D = 1 1000 0.35 0.574
Long Radius, all types r/D = 1.5 1000 0.30 0.504
Tees Through Branch (as elbow)
Standard, Screwed 500 0.70 1.025
Long Radius, Screwed 800 0.40 0.628
Standard, Flanged/Welded 800 0.80 1.190
Stub-in Branch 1000 1.00 1.487
Run Through Threaded r/D = 1 200 0.10 0.157
Run Through Flanged/Welded r/D = 1 150 0.50 0.715
Run Through Stub-in Branch 100 0.00 0.008
Valve Gate Valve Full Line Size, b = 1 300 0.10 0.165
Ball Valve Reduced Trim, b = 0.9 500 0.15 0.252
Plug Valve Reduced Trim, b = 0.9 1000 0.25 0.433
Globe Standard 1500 4.00 5.743
Globe Angle or Y type 1000 2.00 2.892
Diaphragm Valve Dam-Type 1000 2.00 2.892
Butterfly Valve 800 0.25 0.417
Check Valve Lift 2000 10.00 14.214
Check Valve Swing 1500 1.50 2.231
Check Valve Tilting Disk 1000 0.50 0.785
Reducer Square Reducer 4.363
Tapered Reducer 2.699
Round Reducer 0.969
Expander Square Expander 26.606
Tapered Expander 26.475
Round Expander 26.606
Orifice Thin 85.55
Thick 84.924

Formula

K = K1/NRe + K¥(1+1/ID)

Reference: The two-K method predicts by William B. Hooper published in August, 1981 issue of
Chemical Engineering Magazine
Calculate head loss caused by change in pipe size by William B. Hooper
in November, 1988 issue of Chemical Engineering Magazine
 Darby's 3-K Friction Factor Method

Fitting Type Geometry Km Ki Kd Kf

Elbow - 90 Degree Threaded, Standard r/D = 1 800 0.14 4.0 0.633
Threaded, Long Radius r/D = 1.5 800 0.071 4.2 0.364
Flanged, Welded, Bend r/D = 1 800 0.091 4.0 0.434
Flanged, Welded, Bend r/D = 2 800 0.056 3.9 0.288
Flanged, Welded, Bend r/D = 4 800 0.066 3.9 0.328
Flanged, Welded, Bend r/D = 6 800 0.075 4.2 0.381
Mitered, 1 Weld, 90 Degree 1000 0.27 4.0 1.176
Mitered, 2 Welds, 45 Degree 800 0.068 4.1 0.346
Mitered, 3 Welds, 30 Degree 800 0.035 4.2 0.213
Elbow - 45 Degree Threaded, Standard r/D = 1 500 0.071 4.2 0.339
Long Radius r/D = 1.5 500 0.052 4.0 0.252
Mitered, 1 Weld, 45 Degree 500 0.086 4.0 0.389
Mitered, 2 Welds, 22.5 Degree 500 0.052 4.0 0.252
Elbows - 180 Degree Threaded, Colsed Return Bend r/D = 1 1000 0.23 4.0 1.014
Flanged r/D = 1 1000 0.12 4.0 0.568
All r/D = 1.5 1000 0.10 4.0 0.487
Tees Through Branch (as elbow)
Threaded r/D = 1 500 0.274 4.0 1.151
Threaded r/D = 1.5 800 0.14 4.0 0.633
Flanged r/D = 1 800 0.28 4.0 1.200
Stub-in Branch 1000 0.34 4.0 1.459
Run Through Threaded r/D = 1 200 0.091 4.0 0.385
Flanged r/D = 1 150 0.017 4.0 0.081
Stub-in Branch 100 0 0 0.008
Valves Angle Valve - 45 Degree Full Line Size, b = 1 950 0.25 4.0 1.091
Angle Valve - 90 Degree Full Line Size, b = 1 1000 0.69 4.0 2.877
Globe Valve Standard, b = 1 1500 1.70 3.6 6.490
Plug Valve Branch Flow 500 0.41 4.0 1.702
Plug Valve Straight Through 300 0.084 3.9 0.358
Plug Valve Three-Way (flow through) 300 0.14 4.0 0.592
Gate Valve Standard, b = 1 300 0.037 3.9 0.172
Ball Valve Standard, b = 1 300 0.017 4.0 0.093
Diaphragm Valve Dam-Type 1000 0.69 4.9 3.350
Swing Check Valve Vmin = 35r -1/2 1500 0.46 4.0 1.986
Lift Check Valve Vmin = 40r-1/2 2000 2.85 3.8 11.272

Formula

Kf = (Km/Nre)+Ki[1+(Kd/Din0.3)]

Reference: Correlate Pressure Drops Through Fittings By Ron Darby published in April 2001 Issue of
Chemical Engineering Journal
 Critical Shear Stress

Bacteria Critical Shear Stress Unit

to remove Bacteria
from Glass
B. cereus 44.0 N/m2
B. cereus 28.0 N/m2
S. thyphimurium 53.0 N/m2
B. licheniformis 8.4 N/m2
E.coli K12 50.0 N/m2
B. stearothermophilus 1.1 N/m2

Maximum Adhesion
at Shear Stress < 8.0 N/m2
Cell Detachment
at Shear Stress > 12 N/m2
Minimum Adhesion
at Shear Stress > 130 N/m2

Temperature of Water 20 0
C
Dynamic Viscosity 0.001003 N.s/m2
Flow Rate 10 m3/hr
Pipe ID 21.8 mm
Shear Rate 2730.69 s-1
Shear Stress 2.74 N/m2

Velocity to maintain Minimum Adhesion 1036.889

A 2.414E-05
B 247.8
C 140
T 293
DV 0.001005
 Saunders Diaphragm Valves

Flow Co-efficients for Type 'AFP' Forged 2-Way Bodies

BS OD Tubing - Kv Values

% Open DN8 DN8 DN15 DN20 DN25 DN40 DN50 DN65 DN80
3.62x1.63 12.7x1.63
100 0.26 1.93 2.20 4.30 9.80 24.00 52.30 71.50 142.70
90 0.26 1.93 2.10 4.30 9.80 23.30 50.60 69.90 141.00
80 0.26 1.92 2.10 4.20 9.50 22.10 48.20 68.90 121.90
70 0.25 1.85 2.00 4.20 9.50 20.80 43.60 66.40 114.60
60 0.25 1.61 1.90 4.00 9.30 20.50 41.60 64.00 109.30
50 0.25 1.33 1.90 3.60 8.80 19.90 39.45 62.40 106.10
40 0.25 1.09 1.70 3.10 7.80 16.30 36.70 61.20 98.30
30 0.25 0.77 1.40 2.50 6.30 12.30 26.90 46.00 71.90
20 0.23 0.46 1.00 1.70 4.60 8.00 17.10 28.50 39.50
10 0.18 0.18 0.50 0.90 3.00 3.50 6.40 10.60 17.70

Formulae

Q = Kv(DP/r)1/2
DP = r(Q/Kv)2

Q is flowrate in m3/hr
Kv is flow coefficient in m3/h bar
DP is pressure drop in bar
r is density in kg/dm3

Valve Size DN40 Select from the list

%Opening 100 Select from the list
Flowrate 3 m3/hr
Density 1 kg/dm3

Kv 24 m3/h bar
Pressure Drop 0.015625 bar

ISO 1127 Tubing - Kv Values

% Open DN15 DN20 DN25 DN40 DN50 DN65 DN80

100 5.00 5.40 15.10 29.50 56.90 80.40 145.90

90 4.90 5.40 15.00 28.50 52.80 79.20 136.90
80 4.90 5.30 14.90 26.70 51.20 78.00 121.90
70 4.80 5.30 14.90 25.00 48.70 75.30 114.60
60 4.60 5.20 12.90 23.80 48.40 70.40 106.10
50 4.10 4.30 10.40 22.10 47.80 68.30 110.20
40 3.20 3.40 8.00 17.10 38.10 64.10 96.50
 30 2.20 2.20 5.20 12.30 26.30 49.40 69.70
20 1.30 1.10 2.70 7.30 15.20 31.30 42.00
10 0.40 0.30 1.00 2.40 5.00 13.70 18.50

Valve Size DN20 Select from the list

%Opening 100 Select from the list
Flowrate 3 m3/hr
Density 1 kg/dm3

Kv 5.4 m3/h bar

Pressure Drop 0.308642 bar

Minimum Flow Rate 1 m3/hr Kv 1.414

Normal Flow Rate 11.34 m3/hr Kv 16
Maximum Flow Rate 1 m3/hr Kv 1.414
Allowable Pressure Drop 0.5 Bar
Specific Gravity 1
DN8
DN15
DN20
DN25
DN40
DN50
DN65
DN80

DN15
DN20
DN25
DN40
DN50
DN65
DN80
 Pipe Size Data

Nominal Outside Dia. CS Pipe SS Pipe Thickness Inside Dia. Inside Dia.
Size inch Type Sch No. inch inch mm
1/8 0.405 - - 10S 0.049 0.307 7.80
1/8 STD 40 40S 0.068 0.269 6.83
1/8 XS 80 80S 0.095 0.215 5.46
1/4 0.540 - - 10S 0.065 0.410 10.41
1/4 STD 40 40S 0.088 0.364 9.25
1/4 XS 80 80S 0.119 0.302 7.67
3/8 0.675 - - 10S 0.065 0.545 13.84
3/8 STD 40 40S 0.091 0.493 12.52
3/8 XS 80 80S 0.126 0.423 10.74
1/2 0.840 - - 5S 0.065 0.710 18.03
1/2 - - 10S 0.083 0.674 17.12
1/2 STD 40 40S 0.109 0.622 15.80
1/2 XS 80 80S 0.147 0.546 13.87
1/2 - 160 - 0.187 0.466 11.84
1/2 XXS XXS - 0.294 0.252 6.40
3/4 1.050 - - 5S 0.065 0.920 23.37
3/4 - - 10S 0.083 0.884 22.45
3/4 STD 40 40S 0.113 0.824 20.93
3/4 XS 80 80S 0.154 0.742 18.85
3/4 - 160 - 0.219 0.612 15.54
3/4 XXS XXS - 0.308 0.434 11.02
1 1.315 - - 5S 0.065 1.185 30.10
1 - - 10S 0.109 1.097 27.86
1 STD 40 40S 0.133 1.049 26.64
1 XS 80 80S 0.179 0.957 24.31
1 - 160 - 0.250 0.815 20.70
1 XXS XXS - 0.358 0.599 15.21
1 1/4 1.660 - - 5S 0.065 1.530 38.86
1 1/4 - - 10S 0.109 1.442 36.63
1 1/4 STD 40 40S 0.140 1.380 35.05
1 1/4 XS 80 80S 0.191 1.278 32.46
1 1/4 - 160 - 0.250 1.160 29.46
1 1/4 XXS XXS - 0.382 0.896 22.76
1 1/2 1.900 - - 5S 0.065 1.770 44.96
1 1/2 - - 10S 0.109 1.682 42.72
1 1/2 STD 40 40S 0.145 1.610 40.89
1 1/2 XS 80 80S 0.200 1.500 38.10
1 1/2 - 160 - 0.281 1.338 33.99
1 1/2 XXS XXS - 0.400 1.100 27.94
2 2.375 - - 5S 0.065 2.245 57.02
2 - - 10S 0.109 2.157 54.79
2 STD 40 40S 0.154 2.067 52.50
2 XS 80 80S 0.218 1.939 49.25
2 - 160 - 0.344 1.687 42.85
2 XXS XXS - 0.436 1.503 38.18
2 1/2 2.875 - - 5S 0.083 2.709 68.81
2 1/2 - - 10S 0.120 2.635 66.93
2 1/2 STD 40 40S 0.203 2.469 62.71
2 1/2 XS 80 80S 0.276 2.323 59.00
2 1/2 - 160 - 0.375 2.125 53.98
 Pipe Size Data

Nominal Outside Dia. CS Pipe SS Pipe Thickness Inside Dia. Inside Dia.
Size inch Type Sch No. inch inch mm
2 1/2 XXS XXS - 0.552 1.771 44.98
3 3.500 - - 5S 0.083 3.334 84.68
3 - - 10S 0.120 3.260 82.80
3 STD 40 40S 0.216 3.068 77.93
3 XS 80 80S 0.300 2.900 73.66
3 - 160 - 0.438 2.624 66.65
3 XXS XXS - 0.600 2.300 58.42
3 1/2 4.000 - - 5S 0.083 3.834 97.38
3 1/2 - - 10S 0.120 3.760 95.50
3 1/2 STD 40 40S 0.226 3.548 90.12
3 1/2 XS 80 80S 0.318 3.364 85.45
4 4.500 - - 5S 0.083 4.334 110.08
4 - - 10S 0.120 4.260 108.20
4 STD 40 40S 0.237 4.026 102.26
4 XS 80 80S 0.337 3.826 97.18
4 - 120 - 0.438 3.624 92.05
4 - 160 - 0.531 3.438 87.33
4 XXS XXS - 0.674 3.152 80.06
5 5.563 - - 5S 0.109 5.345 135.76
5 - - 10S 0.134 5.295 134.49
5 STD 40 40S 0.258 5.047 128.19
5 XS 80 80S 0.375 4.813 122.25
5 - 120 - 0.500 4.563 115.90
5 - 160 - 0.625 4.313 109.55
5 XXS XXS - 0.750 4.063 103.20
6 6.625 - - 5S 0.109 6.407 162.74
6 - - 10S 0.134 6.357 161.47
6 STD 40 40S 0.280 6.065 154.05
6 XS 80 80S 0.432 5.761 146.33
6 - 120 - 0.562 5.501 139.73
6 - 160 - 0.719 5.187 131.75
6 XXS XXS - 0.864 4.897 124.38
8 8.625 - - 5S 0.109 8.407 213.54
8 - - 10S 0.148 8.329 211.56
8 - 20 - 0.250 8.125 206.38
8 - 30 - 0.277 8.071 205.00
8 STD 40 40S 0.322 7.981 202.72
8 - 60 - 0.406 7.813 198.45
8 XS 80 80S 0.500 7.625 193.68
8 - 100 - 0.594 7.437 188.90
8 - 120 - 0.719 7.187 182.55
8 - 140 - 0.812 7.001 177.83
8 XXS XXS - 0.875 6.875 174.63
8 - 160 - 0.906 6.813 173.05
10 10.750 - - 5S 0.134 10.482 266.24
10 - - 10S 0.165 10.420 264.67
10 - 20 - 0.250 10.250 260.35
10 - 30 - 0.307 10.136 257.45
10 STD 40 40S 0.365 10.020 254.51
10 XS 60 80S 0.500 9.750 247.65
 Pipe Size Data

Nominal Outside Dia. CS Pipe SS Pipe Thickness Inside Dia. Inside Dia.
Size inch Type Sch No. inch inch mm
10 - 80 - 0.594 9.562 242.87
10 - 100 - 0.719 9.312 236.52
10 - 120 - 0.844 9.062 230.17
10 XXS 140 - 1.000 8.750 222.25
10 - 160 - 1.125 8.500 215.90
12 12.750 - - 5S 0.156 12.438 315.93
12 - - 10S 0.180 12.390 314.71
12 - 20 - 0.250 12.250 311.15
12 - 30 - 0.330 12.090 307.09
12 STD STD 40S 0.375 12.000 304.80
12 - 40 - 0.406 11.938 303.23
12 XS XS 80S 0.500 11.750 298.45
12 - 60 - 0.562 11.626 295.30
12 - 80 - 0.688 11.374 288.90
12 - 100 - 0.844 11.062 280.97
12 XXS 120 - 1.000 10.750 273.05
12 - 140 - 1.125 10.500 266.70
12 - 160 - 1.312 10.126 257.20
14 14.000 - - 5S 0.156 13.688 347.68
14 - - 10S 0.188 13.624 346.05
14 - 10 - 0.250 13.500 342.90
14 - 20 - 0.312 13.376 339.75
14 STD 30 - 0.375 13.250 336.55
14 - 40 - 0.438 13.124 333.35
14 XS XS - 0.500 13.000 330.20
14 - 60 - 0.594 12.812 325.42
14 - 80 - 0.750 12.500 317.50
14 - 100 - 0.938 12.124 307.95
14 - 120 - 1.094 11.812 300.02
14 - 140 - 1.250 11.500 292.10
14 - 160 - 1.406 11.188 284.18
16 16.000 - - 5S 0.165 15.670 398.02
16 - - 10S 0.188 15.624 396.85
16 - 10 - 0.250 15.500 393.70
16 - 20 - 0.312 15.376 390.55
16 STD 30 - 0.375 15.250 387.35
16 XS 40 - 0.500 15.000 381.00
16 - 60 - 0.656 14.688 373.08
16 - 80 - 0.844 14.312 363.52
16 - 100 - 1.031 13.938 354.03
16 - 120 - 1.219 13.562 344.47
16 - 140 - 1.438 13.124 333.35
16 - 160 - 1.594 12.812 325.42
18 18.000 - - 5S 0.165 17.670 448.82
18 - - 10S 0.188 17.624 447.65
18 - 10 - 0.250 17.500 444.50
18 - 20 - 0.312 17.376 441.35
18 STD STD - 0.375 17.250 438.15
18 - 30 - 0.438 17.124 434.95
18 XS XS - 0.500 17.000 431.80
 Pipe Size Data

Nominal Outside Dia. CS Pipe SS Pipe Thickness Inside Dia. Inside Dia.
Size inch Type Sch No. inch inch mm
18 - 40 - 0.562 16.876 428.65
18 - 60 - 0.750 16.500 419.10
18 - 80 - 0.938 16.124 409.55
18 - 100 - 1.156 15.688 398.48
18 - 120 - 1.375 15.250 387.35
18 - 140 - 1.562 14.876 377.85
18 - 160 - 1.781 14.438 366.73
20 20.000 - - 5S 0.188 19.624 498.45
20 - - 10S 0.218 19.564 496.93
20 - 10 - 0.250 19.500 495.30
20 STD 20 - 0.375 19.250 488.95
20 XS 30 - 0.500 19.000 482.60
20 - 40 - 0.594 18.812 477.82
20 - 60 - 0.812 18.376 466.75
20 - 80 - 1.031 17.938 455.63
20 - 100 - 1.281 17.438 442.93
20 - 120 - 1.500 17.000 431.80
20 - 140 - 1.750 16.500 419.10
20 - 160 - 1.969 16.062 407.97
22 22.000 - - 5S 0.188 21.624 549.25
22 - - 10S 0.218 21.564 547.73
22 - 10 - 0.250 21.500 546.10
22 STD 20 - 0.375 21.250 539.75
22 XS 30 - 0.500 21.000 533.40
22 - 60 - 0.875 20.250 514.35
22 - 80 - 1.125 19.750 501.65
22 - 100 - 1.375 19.250 488.95
22 - 120 - 1.625 18.750 476.25
22 - 140 - 1.875 18.250 463.55
22 - 160 - 2.125 17.750 450.85
24 24.000 - - 5S 0.218 23.564 598.53
24 - 10 10S 0.250 23.500 596.90
24 STD 20 - 0.375 23.250 590.55
24 XS XS - 0.500 23.000 584.20
24 - 30 - 0.562 22.876 581.05
24 - 40 - 0.688 22.624 574.65
24 - 60 - 0.969 22.062 560.37
24 - 80 - 1.219 21.562 547.67
24 - 100 - 1.531 20.938 531.83
24 - 120 - 1.812 20.376 517.55
24 - 140 - 2.062 19.876 504.85
24 - 160 - 2.344 19.312 490.52
26 26.000 - 10 - 0.312 25.376 644.55
26 STD STD - 0.375 25.250 641.35
26 XS 20 - 0.500 25.000 635.00
28 28.000 - 10 - 0.312 27.376 695.35
28 STD STD - 0.375 27.250 692.15
28 XS 20 - 0.500 27.000 685.80
28 - 30 - 0.625 26.750 679.45
30 30.000 - - 5S 0.250 29.500 749.30
 Pipe Size Data

Nominal Outside Dia. CS Pipe SS Pipe Thickness Inside Dia. Inside Dia.
Size inch Type Sch No. inch inch mm
30 - 10 10S 0.312 29.376 746.15
30 STD STD - 0.375 29.250 742.95
30 XS 20 - 0.500 29.000 736.60
30 - 30 - 0.625 28.750 730.25
32 32.000 - 10 - 0.312 31.376 796.95
32 STD STD - 0.375 31.250 793.75
32 XS 20 - 0.500 31.000 787.40
32 - 30 - 0.625 30.750 781.05
32 - 40 - 0.688 30.624 777.85
34 34.000 - 10 - 0.344 33.312 846.12
34 STD STD - 0.375 33.250 844.55
34 XS 20 - 0.500 33.000 838.20
34 - 30 - 0.625 32.750 831.85
34 - 40 - 0.688 32.624 828.65
36 36.000 10 0.312 35.376 898.55
36 STD STD 0.375 35.250 895.35
36 XS 20 0.500 35.000 889.00
36 30 0.625 34.750 882.65
36 40 0.750 34.500 876.30
 Pipe Size Data Rearranged

Size 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
1/8" 0.269 0.215
1/4" 0.364 0.302
3/8" 0.493 0.423
1/2" 0.622 0.546
3/4" 0.824 0.742
1" 1.049 0.957
1.25" 1.380 1.278
1.5" 1.610 1.500
2" 2.067 1.939
2.5" 2.469 2.323
3" 3.068 2.900
3.5" 3.548 3.364
4" 4.026 3.826
5" 5.047 4.813
6" 6.065 5.761
8" 8.125 8.071 7.981 7.813 7.625 7.437
10" 10.250 10.136 10.020 9.750 9.562 9.312
12" 12.250 12.090 11.938 11.626 11.374 11.062
14" 13.500 13.376 13.250 13.124 12.812 12.500 12.124
16" 15.500 15.376 15.250 15.000 14.688 14.312 13.938
18" 17.500 17.376 17.124 16.876 16.500 16.124 15.688
20" 19.500 19.250 19.000 18.812 18.376 17.938 17.438
22" 21.500 21.250 21.000 Invalid 20.250 19.750 19.250
24" 23.500 23.250 22.876 22.624 22.062 21.562 20.938
26" 25.376 25.000 Invalid
28" 27.376 27.000 26.750
30" 29.376 29.000 28.750
32" 31.376 31.000 30.750 30.624
34" 33.312 33.000 32.750 32.624
36" 35.376 35.000 34.750 34.500

Standard
User
ta Rearranged

120 140 160 STD XS XSS

Invalid
Invalid
Invalid
0.466 0.252
0.612 0.434
0.815 0.599
1.160 0.896
1.338 1.100
1.687 1.503
2.125 1.771
2.624 2.300

3.624 3.438 3.152

4.563 4.313 4.063
5.501 5.187 4.897
7.187 7.001 6.813 6.875
9.062 8.750 8.500
10.750 10.500 10.126 12.000 11.750 10.750
11.812 11.500 11.188 13.250 13.000
13.562 13.124 12.812 15.250 15.000
15.250 14.876 14.438 17.250 17.000
17.000 16.500 16.062 19.250 19.000
18.750 18.250 17.750 21.250 21.000
20.376 19.876 19.312 23.250 23.000
25.250 25.000
27.250 27.000
29.250 Invalid
31.250 Invalid
33.250 33.000
35.250 35.000
 Pump Power Calculation

Select Units IP Unit Conversion

Head 131 ft 39.93 m
Discharge 159 USgpm 36.09 cu.mtr/hr
Specific Gravity 1
Pump Efficiency 95 %
Motor Efficiency 93 %

Water Power 5.26 HP 3.86 kW

Break Power 5.53 HP 4.07 kW
Motor Power 5.95 HP 4.37 kW

Formula in IP Units

WHP = H x Q x 8.33 x SG/33000

H= Head in Feet
Q= Flowrate in Usgpm
8.33 is conversion factor for gallons to lbs
33000 is conversion factor foot-pounds/minute to HP

Formula in SI Units

WKW = H x Q x 1000 x SG x g/[3600 x 1000]

H= Head in meters
Q= Flowrate in m3/hr
1000 is coversion factor from m3 to kg
g= Acceleration due to gravity - 9.81m/s2
3600 is conversion factor for hr to seconds
1000 is conversion factor from W to kW
 Properties of Water

Saturation
vapor Specific enthalpy of liquid Volume heat
Temperature Pressure pressure Density water Specific heat capacity
°C Pa Pa kg/m3 kj/kg kcal/kg kj/kg kcal/kg kj/m3
0 101325 611 999.82 0.06 0.01 4.217 1.007 4216.1
1 101325 657 999.89 4.28 1.02 4.213 1.006 4213.03
2 101325 705 999.94 8.49 2.03 4.21 1.006 4210.12
3 101325 757 999.98 12.7 3.03 4.207 1.005 4207.36
4 101325 813 1000 16.9 4.04 4.205 1.004 4204.74
5 101325 872 1000 21.11 5.04 4.202 1.004 4202.26
6 101325 935 999.99 25.31 6.04 4.2 1.003 4199.89
7 101325 1001 999.96 29.51 7.05 4.198 1.003 4197.63
8 101325 1072 999.91 33.7 8.05 4.196 1.002 4195.47
9 101325 1147 999.85 37.9 9.05 4.194 1.002 4193.4
10 101325 1227 999.77 42.09 10.05 4.192 1.001 4191.42
11 101325 1312 999.68 46.28 11.05 4.191 1.001 4189.51
12 101325 1402 999.58 50.47 12.06 4.189 1.001 4187.67
13 101325 1497 999.46 54.66 13.06 4.188 1 4185.89
14 101325 1597 999.33 58.85 14.06 4.187 1 4184.16
15 101325 1704 999.19 63.04 15.06 4.186 1 4182.49
16 101325 1817 999.03 67.22 16.06 4.185 1 4180.86
17 101325 1936 998.86 71.41 17.06 4.184 0.999 4179.27
18 101325 2063 998.68 75.59 18.05 4.183 0.999 4177.72
19 101325 2196 998.49 79.77 19.05 4.182 0.999 4176.2
20 101325 2337 998.29 83.95 20.05 4.182 0.999 4174.7
21 101325 2486 998.08 88.14 21.05 4.181 0.999 4173.23
22 101325 2642 997.86 92.32 22.05 4.181 0.999 4171.78
23 101325 2808 997.62 96.5 23.05 4.18 0.998 4170.34
24 101325 2982 997.38 100.68 24.05 4.18 0.998 4168.92
25 101325 3166 997.13 104.86 25.04 4.18 0.998 4167.51
26 101325 3360 996.86 109.04 26.04 4.179 0.998 4166.11
27 101325 3564 996.59 113.22 27.04 4.179 0.998 4164.71
28 101325 3779 996.31 117.39 28.04 4.179 0.998 4163.31
29 101325 4004 996.02 121.57 29.04 4.179 0.998 4161.92
30 101325 4242 995.71 125.75 30.04 4.178 0.998 4160.53
31 101325 4491 995.41 129.93 31.03 4.178 0.998 4159.13
32 101325 4754 995.09 134.11 32.03 4.178 0.998 4157.73
33 101325 5029 994.76 138.29 33.03 4.178 0.998 4156.33
34 101325 5318 994.43 142.47 34.03 4.178 0.998 4154.92
35 101325 5622 994.08 146.64 35.03 4.178 0.998 4153.51
36 101325 5940 993.73 150.82 36.02 4.178 0.998 4152.08
37 101325 6274 993.37 155 37.02 4.178 0.998 4150.65
38 101325 6624 993 159.18 38.02 4.178 0.998 4149.2
39 101325 6991 992.63 163.36 39.02 4.179 0.998 4147.74
40 101325 7375 992.25 167.54 40.02 4.179 0.998 4146.28
41 101325 7777 991.86 171.71 41.01 4.179 0.998 4144.8
42 101325 8198 991.46 175.89 42.01 4.179 0.998 4143.3
43 101325 8639 991.05 180.07 43.01 4.179 0.998 4141.8
44 101325 9100 990.64 184.25 44.01 4.179 0.998 4140.28
45 101325 9582 990.22 188.43 45.01 4.18 0.998 4138.75
46 101325 10085 989.8 192.61 46 4.18 0.998 4137.2
47 101325 10612 989.36 196.79 47 4.18 0.998 4135.64
48 101325 11161 988.92 200.97 48 4.18 0.998 4134.06
 49 101325 11735 988.47 205.15 49 4.181 0.999 4132.47
50 101325 12335 988.02 209.33 50 4.181 0.999 4130.87
51 101325 12960 987.56 213.51 51 4.181 0.999 4129.25
52 101325 13612 987.09 217.69 52 4.182 0.999 4127.61
53 101325 14292 986.62 221.88 52.99 4.182 0.999 4125.97
54 101325 15001 986.14 226.06 53.99 4.182 0.999 4124.3
55 101325 15740 985.65 230.24 54.99 4.183 0.999 4122.63
56 101325 16510 985.16 234.42 55.99 4.183 0.999 4120.94
57 101325 17312 984.66 238.61 56.99 4.183 0.999 4119.24
58 101325 18146 984.16 242.79 57.99 4.184 0.999 4117.52
59 101325 19015 983.64 246.97 58.99 4.184 0.999 4115.79
60 101325 19919 983.13 251.16 59.99 4.185 0.999 4114.05
61 101325 20859 982.6 255.34 60.99 4.185 1 4112.3
62 101325 21837 982.07 259.53 61.99 4.186 1 4110.53
63 101325 22854 981.54 263.72 62.99 4.186 1 4108.75
64 101325 23910 981 267.9 63.99 4.187 1 4106.97
65 101325 25008 980.45 272.09 64.99 4.187 1 4105.17
66 101325 26148 979.9 276.28 65.99 4.188 1 4103.36
67 101325 27332 979.34 280.46 66.99 4.188 1 4101.54
68 101325 28561 978.78 284.65 67.99 4.189 1 4099.71
69 101325 29837 978.21 288.84 68.99 4.189 1.001 4097.88
70 101325 31161 977.63 293.03 69.99 4.19 1.001 4096.03
71 101325 32533 977.05 297.22 70.99 4.19 1.001 4094.18
72 101325 33957 976.47 301.41 71.99 4.191 1.001 4092.31
73 101325 35433 975.88 305.6 72.99 4.192 1.001 4090.45
74 101325 36963 975.28 309.79 73.99 4.192 1.001 4088.57
75 101325 38548 974.68 313.99 74.99 4.193 1.001 4086.69
76 101325 40190 974.08 318.18 76 4.194 1.002 4084.8
77 101325 41890 973.46 322.37 77 4.194 1.002 4082.91
78 101325 43650 972.85 326.57 78 4.195 1.002 4081.01
79 101325 45473 972.23 330.76 79 4.196 1.002 4079.11
80 101325 47359 971.6 334.96 80 4.196 1.002 4077.2
81 101325 49310 970.97 339.16 81.01 4.197 1.002 4075.29
82 101325 51328 970.33 343.35 82.01 4.198 1.003 4073.38
83 101325 53415 969.69 347.55 83.01 4.199 1.003 4071.46
84 101325 55572 969.04 351.75 84.01 4.2 1.003 4069.54
85 101325 57803 968.39 355.95 85.02 4.2 1.003 4067.62
86 101325 60107 967.73 360.15 86.02 4.201 1.003 4065.7
87 101325 62488 967.07 364.35 87.02 4.202 1.004 4063.78
88 101325 64947 966.41 368.56 88.03 4.203 1.004 4061.85
89 101325 67486 965.74 372.76 89.03 4.204 1.004 4059.93
90 101325 70108 965.06 376.96 90.04 4.205 1.004 4058
91 101325 72814 964.38 381.17 91.04 4.206 1.005 4056.08
92 101325 75607 963.7 385.38 92.05 4.207 1.005 4054.15
93 101325 78488 963.01 389.58 93.05 4.208 1.005 4052.23
94 101325 81460 962.31 393.79 94.06 4.209 1.005 4050.31
95 101325 84525 961.62 398 95.06 4.21 1.006 4048.39
96 101325 87685 960.91 402.21 96.07 4.211 1.006 4046.47
97 101325 90943 960.2 406.42 97.07 4.212 1.006 4044.55
98 101325 94301 959.49 410.64 98.08 4.213 1.006 4042.64
99 101325 97760 958.78 414.85 99.09 4.214 1.007 4040.73
100 101325 101325 958.05 419.06 100.09 4.216 1.007 4038.82

www.thermexcel.com
Dynamic
viscosity
kg/m.s
0.001792
0.001731
0.001674
0.00162
0.001569
0.00152
0.001473
0.001429
0.001386
0.001346
0.001308
0.001271
0.001236
0.001202
0.00117
0.001139
0.001109
0.001081
0.001054
0.001028
0.001003
0.000979
0.000955
0.000933
0.000911
0.000891
0.000871
0.000852
0.000833
0.000815
0.000798
0.000781
0.000765
0.000749
0.000734
0.00072
0.000705
0.000692
0.000678
0.000666
0.000653
0.000641
0.000629
0.000618
0.000607
0.000596
0.000586
0.000576
0.000566
0.000556
0.000547
0.000538
0.000529
0.000521
0.000512
0.000504
0.000496
0.000489
0.000481
0.000474
0.000467
0.00046
0.000453
0.000447
0.00044
0.000434
0.000428
0.000422
0.000416
0.00041
0.000404
0.000399
0.000394
0.000388
0.000383
0.000378
0.000373
0.000369
0.000364
0.000359
0.000355
0.000351
0.000346
0.000342
0.000338
0.000334
0.00033
0.000326
0.000322
0.000319
0.000315
0.000311
0.000308
0.000304
0.000301
0.000298
0.000295
0.000291
0.000288
0.000285
0.000282
Gas Density Calculation

Name of Gas Air

Tempeature of Gas 35 0
C
Inlet Pressure of Gas 8 barg
Outlet Pressure of Gas 7.5 barg
Molecular Weight 29
Dynamic Viscosity of Gas 0.014 cP
Specific Gravity 1

Density (ρ) @ Inlet Condition 10.20 kg/m3

Density (ρ) @ Outlet Condition 9.64 kg/m3
Specific Volume (V) @ Inlet Condition 0.0980 m3/kg
Specific Volume (V) @ Outlet Condition 0.1038 m3/kg

Flowrate Calculation

Pipe Length 175 m

Pipe ID 0.05059134785522 m
Flow Rate (Assumed) 0.20 m3/s (Standard) 423 0.00
Velocity 99.48 m/s
Reynolds Number 3667212
Flow Rate (Calculated) 0.20 m3/s (Standard) 423
Normal Velocity (Calculated) 99.48 m/s
Reynolds Number 3667224
PD Calculated 0.48 bar
Actual Velocity (Calculated) 11.05 m/s
ε 4.572E-05
ε/D 0.0009037118

Colebrook's Equation

1/f1/2 = -2.0 log((e/D/3.7) + (2.51/Ref1/2))

or f = 1/(-2.0 log((e/D/3.7) + (2.51/Ref1/2)))2
f= 0.02

f 0.02 0.01925106 0.01925280 0.01925280 0.01925280 ###

Note: Friction factor from Colebrook's equation generally converges after 4 steps of iteration.
If it doesn't converge, copy paste the previous cell to next cell and input the correct cell values for
Reynolds Number(C11) and Effective Roughness(F11)

Colebrook's Equation

1/f1/2 = -2.0 log((e/D/3.7) + (2.51/Ref1/2))

or f = 1/(-2.0 log((e/D/3.7) + (2.51/Ref1/2)))2
f= 0.02

f 0.02 0.01925106 0.01925280 0.01925280 0.01925280 ###

Note: Friction factor from Colebrook's equation generally converges after 4 steps of iteration.
If it doesn't converge, copy paste the previous cell to next cell and input the correct cell values for
Reynolds Number(C11) and Effective Roughness(F11)
ect cell values for

ect cell values for

Gas Properties

Name of Gas Chemical Molecular Specific Specific Heat at Specific Critical

Formula Weight (M) Gravity Room Temperature Heat Pressure
(Sg) (J/kg K) Ratio (atm)
Cp Cv γ
Acetylene C2H2 26.0 0.907 1465 1127 1.30
Air 29.0 1.000 1009 721 1.40 37.20
Ammonia NH3 17.0 0.596 2190 1659 1.32 111.30
Argon A 39.9 1.379 519 311 1.67 48.10
n-Butane C4H10 58.1 2.067 1654 1490 1.11
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.0 1.529 858 660 1.30 72.80
Carbon monoxide CO 28.0 0.967 1017 726 1.40
Chlorine Cl2 70.9 2.486 481 362 1.33 76.00
Ethane C2H6 30.0 1.049 1616 1325 1.22
Ethylene C2H4 28.0 0.975 1675 1373 1.22
Helium He 4.0 0.1381 5234 3153 1.66 2.24
Hydrogen Chloride HCl 36.5 1.268 800 567 1.41
Hydrogen H2 2.0 0.0695 14319 10155 1.41 12.80
Hydrogen Sulphide H2S 34.1 1.190 1017 782 1.30
Methane CH4 16.0 0.554 2483 1881 1.32
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 50.5 1.785 1005 838 1.20
Natural Gas 19.5 0.667 2345 1846 1.27
Nitric Oxide NO 30.0 1.037 967 691 1.40
Nitrogen N2 28.0 0.967 1034 733 1.41 33.50
Nitrous Oxide N2O 44.0 1.530 925 706 1.31
Oxygen O2 32.0 1.105 909 649 1.40 49.80
Propane C3H8 44.1 1.562 1645 1430 1.15
Propane propylene C3H6 42.1 1.451 1499 1315 1.14
Sulphur dioxide SO2 64.1 2.264 645 512 1.26
 Critical
Temperature
(K)

Pressure 50 Bara
132.50 Temperature 300 K
405.50 Pr 1.327
151.00 Tr 2.264
A 0.073511
304.19 B 0.05076
r 0.003731
417.00 q -0.020174

5.19

33.20

126.00

155.00
 Absolute Roughness of Pipes

Absolute Roughness, e
Pipe Material micron
x 10-6 feet
(unless noted)
drawn brass 5 1.5
drawn copper 5 1.5
commercial steel 150 45
wrought iron 150 45
asphalted cast iron 400 120
galvanized iron 500 150
cast iron 850 260
wood stave 600 to 3000 0.2 to 0.9 mm
concrete 1000 to 10,000 0.3 to 3 mm
riveted steel 3000 to 30,000 0.9 to 9 mm