MANUSCRIPT With Macro Site

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite

College of Architecture
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
The Philippine economy as of today continues to grow year-on-year. In fact,

according to the 2019 estimate of the International Monetary fund’s statistics, the
Philippine is the world’s 36th largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks 13th in the
overall economies in Asia and is the 3rd largest economy in the ASEAN after Indonesia
and Thailand.
Newly Industrialized, that is what most countries consider the Philippines today as
it has an economy in transition from one – based on agriculture – to one based more on
services and manufacturing.
As stated in the Philippine Statics Authority, the main drivers of growth of the
economy are Trade and Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles, Personal and Household
Goods; Manufacturing; and Other Services.
According to an article of Amber Pariona in economics, The Philippines has a

mixed economic system which includes a variety of private freedom, combined with
centralized economic planning and government regulation. Part of the future economic
plan of the Philippines includes increase in employment opportunities throughout the
country. Not only does this increase residents purchasing power, thus, driving the
economy, but it also increased government income in the form of taxes. An increase in
taxes would allow the government to increase its budget and invest in infrastructure
project of both transportation and communication.
Small and Medium enterprises

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B. Statement of the Problem

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Lack of education, overpopulation, and unemployment are the most common

problems with regards to this study. Greatest needs such as having a proper working
standard for the employees, and professional opportunities has not attained because of
the country’s economic priority.
This project has raised questions such as:
a. What are the possible ways to further increase the Philippine Economic
Growth?
“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

b. How can the increase in Economic Growth affect the continuous escalation of
unemployment growth rate?
c. How can the Constant needs of the community be addressed as the economic
growth continuously incline?
d. How can the tourism industry keep up with the continuous incline in economic
growth?
e. What are the possible factors that can contribute in acquiring economic
stability?
C. Objectives of the Study
In general, this study is created to strengthen the idea of having a competitive

economy and promoting not only the physical capital but also the human capital obtaining
proper education for the people with regard to trading as well as improving the livelihood
of the community and the country’s economic status.
More importantly this study aims to pay attention to the state’s declining
environmental cultivation. Responsive buildings place a big part in our country, it is a sign
of a wealthy economy and it raise the way of living in society.
This project aims to provide solution to the given problems above.
a. To provide facilities that will cater the trading industry such as commercial and
business opportunities.
b. To provide job and employment opportunities to the community.
c. To provide a place for the exchange of goods and services that will cater the
needs of the community in acquiring a better lifestyle.
d. To showcase and emphasize the main economic drive of the country – the
agriculture.
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f. To design a trading facility that will serve as a the center for commercial
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exchange and promote Local business.
D. Significance of the Study
This project is significant in giving contribution and solutions to certain problems

relating to the country’s current socio-economic situation. It aims to improve the trading
system as well as to increase the employment rate of the locals. The outputs of the
findings in this study are beneficial to the following persons:

 To the Government, this study shall serve as a reference and guidelines
for the infrastructure development of the City, most especially the
commercial and trading related programs and projects.
 To the Entrepreneurs, this study shall give background and idea for the
commercial traders on the possible proposals and architectural strategies.
 To the Community, this study will allow the community to have a
commercial trading center that will address their constant needs and
desires.
 To the Consumers, being the main beneficiaries of the project, this
proposal will be able to encourage them to contribute to the economy of
the country as well as to have the comfort and good service.
 To the Future Researcher, this study contains ideas that can be used as a
guide and reference in conducting new researches or in carrying out other
related projects. This study will also serve as an instrument in gathering
information and data that is similar to the study. It will also be a reference
for their study.
 To the Students, the ideas herein can be a source of knowledge in gaining
information particularly on the parameters needed in designing a
commercial trading center.
E. Scope and Limitation
The project proposal seeks to analyze the problems on how the built forms affects
the economic growth and how the responsive cultural design seeks to answer these
issues.
The scope of the project includes:

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 The Project of responsive commercial center and its positive as well as the
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negative effects in our environment.

 The relevance and usage of parametrics.
 Adaptation of certain design strategies to the built forms;
 Structural analysis of the project;
 Electrical, Mechanical, Sanitary, and other supplementary services;
While the limitations of this study includes:
 Vernacular material of project estimate;

 Specific information and data in mechanical;
 Installation of mechanical equipments.
F. Definition of Terms
Escalation – A rapid increase.

International Monetary Fund – Consisting of 189 countries working to foster
global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international
trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce
poverty around the world while periodically depending on World Bank for its
resources.
Mercantile – Relating to trade or commerce; commercial.
Mixed Economic System – A system that combines aspects of both capitalism
and socialism.
Monetary – Relating to money or currency.
Parametricism – An architectural style based on computer technology and
algorithms.
Socio-Economic – Relating to or concerned with the interaction of social and
economic factors.
G. Acronyms and Abbreviations
GDP – Gross Domestic Product
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CHAPTER II
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In this Chapter, the Researchers discuss relevant information and data that can
help in designing a Commercial Trading Center. It also contains Building information and
some legal basis related to the project research. The gathered datas will help the
researchers find the propositions that are related and applicable to the proposed
research.
A. Review of Related Literature
The following reviews of related literature and studies anticipates evaluating the
vital points of the project and presents significant ideas and methodologies that is
essential to the project proposal. Literature reviews are secondary sources.
A.1 Local Project
The following local projects indicated in this section represents the related existing
infrastructures that can be found in the Philippines. It serves as a local basis for the
completion of the project.
A.1.1 Sari-sari Stores
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Source: https://www.choosephilippines.com/awesome-filipinos/inspiring-
pinoys/3287/humble-sari-sari-store-joines-international-scene
Figure 2.1 Sari-sari Store
The Sari-sari store is a small neighborhood retail shop originated and found in the
Philippines. It is called sari-sari in tagalog as for the term itself which means “variety” or
“sundry”. The store usually sells basic goods such as canned food, instant noodles,
coffee, soda, shampoo, soap, and other things that Filipinos get on a daily basis. They

also sell candy, chips, and beer, but can have literally anything commodity the community
needs.
Sari-sari stores form an important economic and social locations in the streets of
the country. It is often privately owned – mostly by a family – and commonly operates in
the shopkeeper’s residence. While many of the Sari-sari store owners may not have
studied a course related in business, they contribute to the grassroots micro-economy
that is why they are also a fundamental part of the eco-system of society.
A.1.2 Greenhills Shopping Center
Source: https://www.summithotels.ph/hotels/summit-hotel-greenhills-soon-open
Figure 2.2 Greenhills Shopping Center
A.1.2.a Overview
The Greenhills Mall is a 16-hectare shopping mall complex with more than 2,000
stores. It is located in Ortigas Avenue, San Juan, Philippines and the shopping center is
itself a landmark of sorts that urban locals and even tourists have come to know and visit.
The Greenhills Mall was one of the first shopping centers to be established in the
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country. It has shopping malls like the Virra Mall and Shoppesville, the Manilabank, PCIB,
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Padilla and Crossroads arcades, Greenhills Theater, Greenhills bowling alley,

supermarkets, and other stores which were leased out by other companies and other
retailers.
A.1.2.b History
The Greenhills Mall was planned and presented during 1996 by one of the great
Filipino Architects, Architect Juan Nakpil. It opened in the early 1970s, and in the late
1980s, it became one of the places where the locals, especially the youths during those

days hang out on the weekends to shop, dine, visit the video arcades and many more. It
was also during this time when the tiangges and small stalls began to sprout in
Greenhills. Greenhills started annual bazaars during the Christmas season and
eventually, it has increased their operations all year round.
A.1.2.c Facilities
Source: https://www.ortigasmalls.com/greenhills/store-directory/
Figure 2.3 Greenhills Bridgeway – Second Floor
A.2 Foreign Project
The following Foreign Projects indicated in this section represents the related
existing infrastructures that can be found in the Internationally. It serves as a foreign basis
for the completion of the project.
A.2.1 Sari-sari Stores
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Source: https://www.timeoutmexico.mx/ciudad-de-mexico/compras-
estilo/mercado-de-medellin
Figure 2.4 Mercado Medellín, Colonia Roma, Mexico City

A.2.1.a Overview
Source: https://www.cntraveler.com/shops/mexico-city/mercado-medellin
Figure 2.5 Mercado Medellín, Colonia Roma, Mexico City
Mercado Medellín is located in Colonia Roma in Mexico. It is a spanish term for a

one-square-block public market which supplies the neighborhood with quality fruits and
vegetables and is popular since it’s one of the only places in the City where produce
goods from other Latin American Countries, Colombian are found.
A.2.1.b Products
According to a Writer from Condé Nast, a mass media company in the United
States, dry Goods such as flowers, craft beers, dried chiles, moles, and handcrafted
furnitures can be found in this public market as well as some exotic fruits and vegetables.
B. Review of Related Studies
This component presents sets of information that offer relevant and significant
considerations in the architectural programming and planning of the Commercial Trading
Center.
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B.1 Project Locale

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Source: http://www.iomni.com.ph/contactus.htm
Figure 2.6 Province of Laguna Map
Laguna, a province in the Philippines that is located in the Calabarzon region in

Luzon. It is bounded by Batangas on the North, Cavite on the east, the province of
Quezon on the West, and Rizal on the south. It is also situated on the Southeastern part
of Metro Manila. Laguna is also surrounded by the shores of Laguna de Bay – which is
the largest lake in the country – on the Southeastern part of the province. The Province
has a total population of 3, 035, 081 recorded on the 2015 census. It is currently the
seventh richest province in the country.
On the historical side, Laguna is notable as it is the birthplace of the country’s

National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal. The province of Laguna as well as the Southern Tagalog
region, was founded as far back as 900 A.D. The oldest known written document in the
Philippines was the Laguna Copperplate Inscription.
The province of Laguna was formerly called La Laguna and La Provincia de la

Laguna de bay as it was named after the Laguna de Bay which surrounds the province.
Laguna occupies the North-central section of the Calabarzon region in Luzon. It

covers a total area of 1, 917.85 km2 or 740.49 m2 which is also the third largest province
in the Calabarzon region and ranks 63rd largest in the entire country. The Municipalities
of Cavinti and the city of San Pablo have the largest areas in the province which covers
203.58 km2 or 78.60 m2 and 197.56 km2 or 76.28 m2 , respectively.
B.2 Profile of San Pablo City, Laguna

This component presents the location of the site where the project proposal will be
situated. This also includes sets of information that will be taken into consideration as the
design process goes on.
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B.2.1 Location
The site is located at San Pablo, Laguna – also known as the City of Seven Lakes
– is the first and oldest city that was established in the Province of Laguna and was
inaugurated on the late 1941. San Pablo is located at the southern tip of the province of
Laguna in the island of Luzon. It is bounded by six municipalities and a City – the
Calauan, Laguna in the northwest; Nagcarlan in the Northeast; Alaminos, Laguna in the
West; Rizal, Laguna in the east; Lipa City, Batangas in the southeastern tip; and the
municipalities of Tiaong and Dolores Quezon in the South (Figure 2.6).

According to their City profile, based on the DENR’s certification, San Pablo City
has a total land area of 19, 756 hectares and has 80 barangays. The main urban area
has a total area of 3, 517.47 hectares which is 17.08% of the City’s total land area with 44
barangays, while, the rural areas which covers 82.20% of the City’s total land area or
roughly 16, 238.54 hectares has 36 barangays.
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Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan of San Pablo City, Laguna
Figure 2.7 Location Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

B.2.2 Population
According to the 2017 PSA data, the City of San Pablo has a total population
record of 272, 923 persons. 50.2% of which is the rural population and 49.73% is urban
population.
The urban barangay which has the most crowded population with 16, 268
persons is the San Francisco, while, the most crowded barangay with a population
density of 2, 077 persons is the San Gabriel.
B.2.3 Topography
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan of San Pablo City, Laguna (2015-2025)
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Figure 2.8 Topographic Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

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The City stands on a plateau of 485 feet above sea level on the lower slopes of
Mount Malarayat. It is bounded by the mountain ranges of Kalisungan and Calauan Hills
in the north, Mt. Mabilog in the northeast, Mounts San Cristobal and Banahaw in the east,
and Susong Dalaga, Napayong, and Masalukot Hills in the south to southeast.

B.2.4 Geology
Bedrock is the hard, solid rock beneath surface materials such as soil and gravel;
as well as sand and other sediments on the ocean floor. There are no bedrock formations
in San Pablo City because of the absence of a coastline.
San Pablo City consists two (2) two (2) distinct geologic characteristics - both
which are volcanic and pyroclastic in origin.
 QV Type (Quaternary) or volcanic flow comprises 23.45% of the City’s total

land area.
 QVP Type (Pliocene-Quaternary) or pyroclastic and volcanic mudflow
deposits, on the other hand, comprises 75.01% of the City’s total land
area. These soils are found in the remaining lower elevation barangays,
comprising of 75.01% of the City’s land area.
B.2.5 Geology
As per the City’s profile, San Pablo City has seven (7) soil types; the Calumpang
Clay, Mountain Soil, Macolod Clay Loam which is the steep phase, Ibaan loam, Lipa
Loam, and Lipa loam which has a deep phase. Majority of the City’s land area – 65.41% –
is categorized by deep level, well drainage, acidic, and friable soil.
The second most common soil type is the Mountain soil. It covers 21.20% of the
total land area or 4, 188.28 hectares.
 Macolod Clay Loam or the steep phase is characterized by commercial

and non commercial forest. Crops such as lanzones, coconuts, and sweet
potatoes can be cultivated in this soil type. It covers 5.35% or 1, 056.95
hectares of the total land area of the City. Some of the most common
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crops like lanzones, coconuts, and sweet potatoes are cultivated in this soil
type.
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 Calumpang Clay is a soil type that has a good external drainage which
covers about 268.64 hectares or 1.35% of the City’s total area. This soil
type is most appropriated for lowland rice but is not recommended for
diversified crops due to its poor internal drainage.
 Ibaan Loam, like calumpang clay, has a poor drainage. It was formed from
volcanic tuff found from plain mountainous relief and covers at about
541.31 hectares or 2.74% of the City’s total Land area.

 Lipa Loam soil which covers majority of the City’s land area is
characterized by deep level, moderate permeability, good drainage –
which supplies nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, and organic
matter – acidic, and friable soil.
 • Mountain Soil, the most common soil type in the City, covers a total land
area of 4, 188.28 hectares. This soil type is found mostly in the parts of
Barangay San Diego, San Isabel, San Jose, Sta. Elena, San Cristobal,
Sto. Niño, Santiago 2, Bautista, Atisan, and in several nearby hilly
mountainous region.
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan of San Pablo City, Laguna (2015-2025)
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Figure 2.9 Soil Type Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

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B.2.6 Slope
More than half of San Pablo City is described as gently sloping to undulating. It
covers 53.99% or 10, 666.61 hectares and is evident in rural areas as well as the central
part of the City.
28.63% or 5, 656.19 hectares of San Pablo has an undulating to rolling terrain

which is also 8-18% of slope and 334.40 hectares or 1.69% of the City is level or plain.

Source: Ecological Profile of San Pablo City, Laguna
Figure 2.10 Slope Map of San Pablo City, Laguna
B.2.7 Climate
San Pablo City is classified under type III climate classification of the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration or the PAGASA. It is
Characterized by no very pronounced maximum rain period with a dry period lasting only
one to three months.
The City has a cool climate as it is nestled in the foothills of three mountains; The
Mount Banahaw, Mount Makiling, and the Sierra Madre Mountains. The wet or rainy
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season occurs from the month of June to November and the dry season which is
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subdivided into two (2); The cool dry season which can be observed during the months of
December to February and the hot dry season which occurs during March to May.
B.2.8 Rainfall
According to the climate projection of the PAGASA for the year 2020 and 2050,
There will be a decrease in rainfall that will occur in the months of December, January,
and February. While, an increase in rainfall shall be expected during southwest monsoon
“Habagat” and northeast monsoon “Amihan”.

Figure 2.11 Rainfall Projection of San Pablo City, Laguna
B.2.9 Natural Hazards/Constraints
Natural Hazards can be into two, the hydrometeorological hazards which is a

phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic nature. Examples are
typhoons, tornado, flooding, rain-induced landslides; while, the other one is the geologic
hazard which are large-scale, complex natural events that originate from the earth like
earthquakes, rock falls, volcanic eruption, earthquake-induced landslides, liquefaction,
and soil erosion.
B.2.9.a Flooding
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Figure 2.12 Flashflood Hazard Map of San Pablo City, Laguna
San Pablo City being classified under a type III climate, would have wet season
throughout the year with only a short dry season usually around February to April. Natural
flooding caused by overflow of adjacent rivers combined with the area’s physical
characteristics only affects five barangays located on the northwestern side of the City.
However, the low portions of the Poblacion experience drainage overflow.
Rural and lakeshore barangays are identified as prone to flooding. Based on

historical accounts of residents, the flood water usually subsides after a few hours and
flows along the rivers in the barangays.
B.2.9.b Soil Erosion
Soil erosion is present in the whole of San Pablo. High erosion rates can be
observed in portions of San Cristobal and Santa Catalina while moderate erosion rates
can be observed in some of the northern and southwestern parts of the City. As with
flooding, rural barangays in San Pablo are at risk to erosion.
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Figure 2.13 Soil Erosion Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

B.2.9.c Landslide
Landslides poses a serious threat in the City as it is a risk to twenty (20)

barangays – particularly those in the periphery with high elevations. It can either be rain-
induced or otherwise. Landslide-prone barangays are San Cristobal, San Buenaventura,
Santa Catalina, and Atisan. At high risk to landslides are the residential areas in some
portion or 33% of San Buenaventura, San Marcos, 6% informal settlers of San Mateo,
Santiago II and 3% informal settlers of San Lorenzo. These rural barangays are also
vulnerable to flooding and soil erosion. The roads in Atisan are high risk to landslide
while the roads in Brgy. Bautista, San Buenaventura, San Crispin, San Isidro, San
Marcos, and San Mateo are moderately at risk. Critical point facilities – schools, health
centers and chapels in some barangays – are at low risk. San Isidro is the only barangay
identified as moderately at risk to landslide in terms of natural resources production, with
possible damages to rice, rambutan, and lanzones.
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Figure 2.14 Landslide Susceptibility Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

Figure 2.15 Rain-induced Landslide Susceptibility Map of San Pablo City,

Laguna
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Figure 2.16 Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility Map of San Pablo

City, Laguna

B.2.9.d Earthquake/Groundshaking
There are no recorded faultline in the area. However, local knowledge claims that
there is a faultline within the City. Although there is no record of a faultline, there are two
recorded earthquakes dated April 4, 2013 (magniture 2.8) and Nov 19, 2013 (magnitude
2.77). Both epicenters of which are recorded to be in San Pablo City.
All exposure units in the City are at low risk to earthquake. The likelihood of
occurrence is very low or rare although the degree of impact of such intensity would be
very destructive.

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Figure 2.17 Ground shaking Susceptibility Map of San Pablo City, Laguna
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B.2.10 Agricultural Lands
Agricultural lands are lands devoted to or suitable for the cultivation of the soil,
planting of crops, growing of trees, raising of livestock, poultry, fish or aquaculture
production, including the harvesting of such farm products and other farm activities, and
practices performed in conjunction with such farming operations by persons, whether
natural or juridical, and not classified by law as mineral land, forest land, commercial land,
or industrial land.

B.2.11 Land Cover
San Pablo City’s land cover is comprised by 92.33% of coconut plantation, 2.73%
cultivated area mixed with brushland/grassland. And arable lands covering 1.06%.
Combined majority of land area devoted to agriculture while a smaller portion is
comprised of built-up areas, bodies of water, and open canopy area.
Figure 2.18 Landcover Map of San Pablo City, Laguna
B.2.12 Existing General Land Use

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The existing general land use of San Pablo City is generally characterized as
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agriculture covering a total of 14,305.74 hectares or 72.41% of the City’s total land area.
Residential area covers 2, 537.06 hectares or 12.84%; Forest and Forest Land covers
about 6.89% or 1,361.39 hectares; infrastructure/utilities, transportation, and services
covers a total land area of 278.42 hectares or 1.41%; for tourism and ecotourism areas, it
comprises 344.06 hectares or 1.74%; Other land uses such as cemetery, sanitary landfill,
industries and parks comprise the 0.34% of the City or 66.50 hectares.

Covering all the seven (7) crater lakes of the City, it comprises 304.884
hectares or 1.54% of the City’s total land area. Waterways, on the other hand, comprises
306.42 hectares (1.55%).
A total of 105.23 hectares and 62.97 hectares of the City’s land area are allotted
for constitutional and institutional land uses, respectively. Commercial areas are located
parallel to main roads and in the urban core of Poblacion. On the other hand, institutional
areas include schools, hospitals and medical facilities, and various government
infrastructures.
Source: GIS Computed area based on GPS survey, Google Street Map San
Pablo City, Laguna
Figure 2.19 Landcover Map of San Pablo City, Laguna
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Figure 2.20 Existing General Land Use Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

B.2.13 Freshwater Resources
San Pablo is abundant with freshwater resources due to the presence of the
seven lakes and the different rivers and creeks in the city. These provide water for
domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreation, and power generation purposes.
B.2.13.a The Seven Lakes
San Pablo City is famous for its majestic seven (7) lakes. These seven (7) lakes
are swarming with various fish species and other faunal species that are able to supply
the City and its neighbouring municipalities.
 Sampaloc Lake
The Largest and most popular among the seven lakes which is located
near the City Hall. It is sunk in a shallow depression revealing its volcanic
origin and has a surface area of 99.21 hectares with maximum depth of 27
meters and 1,400 m3 volume of water. Sampaloc Lake is blessed with
tilapia, dalag, ayungin, bangus, carpa, catfish, dulong, and various species
of shrimps. Today, it is surrounded by mini parks built by various civic
organizations.
 Calibato Lake
Calibato Lake is the deepest among the seven lakes having a maximum
depth of 135 meters with 29, 600 m3 volume of water and 27.18 hectares
surface area. It is located 6.40km away from the City proper.
 Pandin Lake and Yambo Lake
Pandin and Yambo Lakes are famously known as “The Twin Lakes”. Both
lakes are characterized as oligotrophic since they have deep clear waters
with low nutrient supplies, high dissolved oxygen level and contains little
organic matter.
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 Bunot Lake
Located in Barangay Concepcion, Bunot Lake lies 2.20 kilometers away
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from the City proper. It has a surface area of 38.16 hectares with a
maximum depth of 23 meters and approximately 3,500 m3 volume of
water. Bunot Lake is used primarily for floating cages operation where
most of the resident derived their source of income. It is also a major
source of tilapia for Metro Manila and suburbs.
 Mohicap Lake
Mohicap Lake in Barangay San Buenaventura is situated 5.60 kilometers
away from the City proper. It has a surface area of 20.49 hectares with a

maximum depth of 30 meters and approximately 2,000 m3 volume of
water. It is rich in various fish species such as tilapia, carpa, bighead,
bangus, dalag, hito, gurami, hipon, bitoo, kuhol, and ayungin. Lake
Mohicap is one of San Pablo City’s main source of water to this day.
 Palakpakin Lake
Palakpakin Lake is surrounded by three (3) Barangays, namely Barangays
San Buenaventura, San Lorenzo, and Dolores. It has a surface area of
54.49 hectares and an average depth of 7.7 meters.
C. Legal Framework
This component is composed of various laws and ordinances – a legal basis – that
will convey sets of information which are relevant and significant to the study.
C.1 Accesibility Law (Batas Pambansa Bilang 334)
This law was created to further enhance the mobility for the disabled persons by
requiring establishments such as institutional, commercial, cultural, public utilities, etc. to
install facilities and other mechanical devices that will give comfort for their disability as
well as to have the ease of access. Its purpose was to be a basis in providing the
standard requirements for the establishments to be accessible and reliable for the people
with disability.
C.1.1 Accessible Ramp Standards
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Source: Batas Pambansa Bilang 334
Figure 2.21 Design and Dimension of Ramp
 Changes in level shall require a ramp except when served by a dropped

sidewalk, curb ramp, an elevator, or other mechanical device.
 1.2 Accessible ramps shall have the following facilities and features:
 1.2.1 Minimum clear width of 1.20 m.

 1.2.2 Gradient not steeper than 1:12.
 1.2.3 For accessible ramps 3m or more in width, provide intermediate

handrails at the center. Use of double “J” tyoe handrail supports are
recommended.
 1.2.4 Maximum length of 6.00 m.: Accessible ramps with a total length
longer than 6.00 m shall be provided with intermediate landings with a
minimum length of 1.50 m.

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 1.2.5 Level area not less than 1.80 m at the top and bottom of any ramp.
 1.2.6 Handrails on both sides of the ramp at 700 mm and 900 mm from the
floor of the ramp.
 1.2.7 300 mm long extension of the handrail shall be provided at the top
and bottom of ramps.
 1.2.8 Curbs on both sides of the ramp with a minimum height of 100 mm.

Figure 2.24 Curb Height at Ramp
 Any Ramp with a rise greater than 170 mm and leads down towards an
area where vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across the full
width of its lower end, not less than 1.80 meters from the foot of the ramp.
Figure 2.25 Ramps and Vehicular Traffic
C.1.2 Door Standards
 All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m.

 Clear openings shall be measured between the surface of the fully open
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door at the hinge and the door jamb at the stop.

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 A minimum clear level space of 1.50 m x 1.50 m shall be provided before

and extending beyond a door; EXCEPTION: where a door shall open onto
but not into a corridor, the required clear, level space on the corridor side
of the door may be a minimum of 1.20 m. corridor width.

C.1.3 Corridor Standards
 Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m.; waiting areas and
other facilities or spaces shall not obstruct the minimum clearance
requirement.
 Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to turn
around or to enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces shall have a
minimum area of 1.50 m x 1.50m. and shall be spaced at a maximum of
12.00 m.
 Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every
dead end.
 As in walkways, corridors should be maintained level and provided with a
slip resistant surface
C.1.4 Washroom and Toilet Standards
 Accessible public washrooms and toilets shall permit easy passage of a

wheelchair and allow the occupant to enter a stall, close the door and
transfer to the water closet from either a frontal or lateral position;
 Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80
mts.
 A turning space of 2.25 sq.m. with a minimum dimension of 1.50 m. for
wheelchair shall be provided for water closet stalls for lateral mounting.
 The minimum number of accessible water closets on each floor level or on
that part of a floor level accessible to the disabled shall be one (1) where
the total number of water closets per set on that level is 20; and two (2)
where the number of water closets exceed 20;
 The signage for men's washroom door shall be an equilateral triangle with
26
a vertex pointing upward, and those for women shall be a circle; the edges
of the triangle should be 0.30 m long as should be the diameter of the
Page
circle; these signages should at least be 7.5 mm thick; the color and gray
value of the doors; the words "men" and "women" or the appropriate stick
figures should still appear on the washroom doors for the convenience of
the fully sighted.
 The maximum height of water closets should be 0.45 m.; flush control
should have a maximum height of 1.20 mts.
 Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80 m. with a knee recess of 0.60
- 0.70 M. vertical clearance and a 0.50 m. depth.

 Urinals should have an elongated lip or through type; the maximum height
of the lip should be 0.48 m.
C.1.5 Exit Distance Standards
 Wall mounted or free-standing tablets with an embossed plan configuration

of the building which also shows the location of the lobby, washrooms and
emergency exits of the building (indicated by different textures with
corresponding meanings) should be provided either in front of the building
or at the main lobby. The markings of this tablet should be readable by
both the fully sighted and the blind persons.
 Flashing light directional signs indicating the location(s) of fire exit shall be
provided at every change in direction with sufficient power provided in
accordance with the provisions for emergency lighting under Section 3.410
of P.D. NO. 1185 (The Fire Code of the Philippines).
C.1.6 Audible and Visible Alarm System Standards
 Audio-visual alarm systems shall be provided in all fire sections, as defined

under P.D. NO. 1185 otherwise known as The Fire Code of the Philippines,
of buildings in accordance with the guidelines provided under Section
3.503 of the same.
C.2 Legal Framework
This code is to ensure the public safety, promote economic development through
prevention and suppression of all kinds of destructive fires. This would be the basis for
knowing the number of fire exits, fire emergency spaces and other relevant measures.
C.2.1 General Requirements

27
 Every building or structure, new or old, designed for human occupancy

Page
shall be provided with exits sufficient to permit the fast and safe escape of
occupants in case of fire or other emergency. The design of exits and other
fire safety construction shall be such that reliance for safety to life in case
of fire or other emergency will not depend solely on any single fire safety
construction.
 Every building or structure shall be designed, constructed, equipped,
maintained and operated to avoid danger to the lives and ensure safety of

its occupants from fire, smoke, vapor and fumes, during the period of
escape from the building or structure.
 • Every building or structure shall be provided with exits of kind, number,
location and capacity appropriate to the individual building or structure,
with due regard to the character of the occupancy, the number of persons
exposed, the fire protection available and the height and type of
construction of the building or structure, to afford all occupants convenient
facilities for escape.
 Every exit of buildings or structures shall always be arranged and
maintained to provide free and unobstructed egress from all parts thereof.
 Every exit shall be clearly visible. The route to the exit shall be
conspicuously marked in such a manner that every occupant of a building
or structure will readily know the direction of escape.
 All means of egress shall be provided with adequate and reliable
illumination.
 Fire alarm systems or devices shall be provided in every building or
structure of such size, arrangement, or occupancy, to provide adequate
warning to occupants.
 Every building or structure, section, or area thereof of such size,
occupancy and arrangement such that the reasonable safety of a number
of occupants may be endangered by the blocking of any single means of
egress due to fire or smoke, shall have at least two means of egress
remote from each other, so arranged as to minimize any possibility that
both may be blocked by any one fire or other emergency conditions.
 Every vertical way of exit and other vertical openings between floors of a
building shall be suitably enclosed or protected to afford reasonable safety
of occupants while using exits and to prevent spread of fire, smoke, or
28
fumes through vertical openings from floor to floor before occupants have
Page
entered exits.
C.2.2 Exit Distance Standards

Travel distance 61 meters if protected with automatic fire suppression.
C.2.3 Measurement of Travel Distance to Exit

In the case of open areas, distance to exits shall be measured from the most
remote point subject to occupancy. In case of individual rooms subject to occupancy by
not more than six (6) persons, distance to exits shall be measured from the doors of such

rooms provided the path of travel from any point in the room to the room door does not
exceed 15 meters.
C.2.4 Access to Exit Standards

Exit shall be so located and exit access shall be so arranged that exits are readily
accessible at all times. Where exits are not immediately accessible from an open floor
area, safe and continuous passageways, aisles, or corridors leading directly to every exit
shall be maintained and shall be so arrange as to provide convenient access for each
occupant to at least 2 exits be separate ways of travel, except where single exit or limited
dead-ends are permitted by other provisions of this rule.
C.2.5 Headroom Standards

Means of egress shall be so designed and maintained as to provide adequate
headroom as provided in other sections of this rule but in no case shall the ceiling height
(headroom) be less than 2.3 meters nor any projection from the ceiling be less than 2.00
meters from the floor.
C.2.6 Door Standards

C.4.5.a Maintenance. No lock, padlock, hasp, bar, chain, or other device or
combination thereof shall be installed or maintained at any time on or in connection with
any door on which panic hardware is required by this rule, if such device prevents, or is
intended to prevent, the free use of the door for purposes of egress.
C.2.7 Interior Stairs Standards

Treads and Risers. The height of every riser and the width of every tread shall be
so proportioned that the sum of two (2) risers and a tread, exclusive of its nosing of
projections is not less than sixty (60) centimeters nor more than sixty-three and a half
(63.5) centimeters.
C.2.8 Stair Details

29
Each stair, platform, landing, balcony, and stair hallway floor shall be designed to
Page
carry a load of four hundred eighty-eight (488) kilos per square meter, or a concentrated
load of one hundred thirty-six (136) kilo, so located as to produce maximum stress
conditions.
C.2.9 Handrail Details

Handrails on stair shall be not less than seventy-six (76) centimeters nor more
than eighty-six and one-half (86.5) centimeters above the upper surface of the tread,

measured vertically to the top of the rail from a point on the tread twenty-five (25)
millimeters back from the leading edge.
C.3 Revised Plumbing Code of the Philippines
30
Page
Source: Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
Figure 2.26 Minimum Plumbing Facilities

31

Page
Figure 2.27 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
C.4 National Building Code of the Philippines

The decree shall be known as the National Building Code of the Philippines,
declared to be the policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property and public welfare,
consistent with the principles of sound environment management and control; and to this
end, make it the purpose of this code to provide for all buildings and structures, a
framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control their location,
site design, quality of materials, construction, use occupancy and maintenance.

C.4.1 Section 707 Maximum Height of Buildings
BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL) - the maximum height to be allowed for
buildings/structures based on their proposed use or occupancy; the BHL is generally
determined after the application of other development controls (DC) and certain other
parameters, i.e., considerations of site conditions, view, etc. The BHL shall be generally
measured from the established grade line to the topmost portion of the proposed
building/structure. If applicable, the BHL may be subject to clearance requirements of the
Air Transportation Office (ATO) or of the concerned military/security authorities.
Type of Building/ No. of Allowable Storeys Meters above highest grade

Structure
C-1 3-5 10-15 METERS
C-2 6 18 METERS
C-3 16-60 48-180 METERS
Source: National Building Code of the Philippines
32
Page

C.4.2 Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space
Requirements
33
Page
Figure 2.28 Parking and Loading Space Requirements

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Methodology
This chapter presents the various methods and procedures that were undertaken
by the researchers of the study. It addresses the different techniques and approaches
used in collecting the required data and relative documents to put up with the research.
In order to achieve and produce precise data from a factual basis for the
accomplishment of this study, listed and described below are the several methods that
were used by the researchers.
A.1 Descriptive Method
This Descriptive method aims to provide a comprehensive study regarding the

project. It shows to have an obvious and accurate data that will support the proposal as it
involves methods such as quantitative, qualitative and mixed research which can help in
analyzing the characteristics that is essential to the project proposal.
A.1.1 Case Study Method
This method under the descriptive method involves an in-depth study which often
lead to testable hypothesis related to the project proposal.
A.1.2 Observational Method
This method which involves the quantitative and qualitative observations are used
for the collection of data and monitoring the characteristics that is significant for the
project proposal.
34
B. Research Design
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All gathered data that are intended to support the project proposal including the
relative governing laws, data from the site, and other legal basis were carefully examined
and assessed to ensure that only the needed information are included.
B.1 Problem Identification
The Philippines is currently one of the
B.2 Gathering Data

The problem which is already identified has to be justified for its effectivity.
The researcher have gathered the data through the Local Government Offices to
support and justify the socio-economic situation and needs as per the proposed
project.
B.3 Site Selection
The researcher have studied the possible sites that are suitable for the
project proposal. A comparative analysis was conducted as for studying the
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (S.W.O.T) of the prospect
sites which was determined through the site selection process and preliminary
design presentation.
B.4 Data Analysis
Datas such as the related architectural strategies and relevant governing

laws were gathered and analyzed to support the study. While, data regarding the
site were assessed to ensure that only important information were included.
C. Design Conceptualization
The data gathered served as a basis and is incorporated in formulating a

well organized design concept that would suffice the entire architectural needs of
the project.
D. Preliminary Design
This includes various schemes which were produced by the researcher to

determine the most appropriate use of spaces as per the primary objective of the
architectural program of the project.
35
Page
E. Initial Evaluation
The problems that were encountered during the preliminary design phase
of the project from the selection of the thesis title to the selection of the sites were
evaluated for the validity and justification of the study.

F. Design Synthesis
Considering the specific aspects during the preliminary design phase as

well as all the problems encountered were provided with solutions to come up with
a possible proposal.
G. Research Instrument
This component is formulated to support the conceptual framework as well

as the analytical process of the project proposal in achieving the desired
architectural objectives.
G.1 Gadgets and Research Materials
In the process of data collection, the proponents used the following gadgets
and research materials:
Camera – for the photo documentation of the project.
Flash Drives – for transferring of significant data in soft copies that were
gathered throughout the project.
Laptop – this gadget consists of variety of applications that are viable in the
implementation of the project and serves as a research material for the
compilation of the collected data.
Internet – Is a global computer network that provides variety of information

that has greatly contributed in the collection of data.
Books – this instrument is a great help in gathering information aside from

36
the internet which provides data from reliable authors.

Page
G.2 Technical Persons Consultation
To comprehend and gather only the factual and necessary data,

consultation with different persons who are reliable and knowledgeable about the
project were conducted to be able to collect data for the proposal.
 Ms. Ronalyn Germina

- Thesis Technical Adviser

 Ar. Carlo J. Mardrona, uap, rmp
- Thesis Adviser
 Mr. Rolando S. Bombo
- City Planning Coordinator, San Pablo City, Laguna
 • Ms. Yolanda D. Catipon
- City Assessor, San Pablo City, Lagun
 • Mr. Jesus P. De Leon
- City Engineer, San Pablo City, Laguna
37
Page

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The main concentration of this project entitled: “PARAMETRICISM: A Community

Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises” is to propose a project that promotes
local business. It also aims to contribute to the Provincial Economy of Laguna as well as
the National Economy of the Country by means of commercial and trading industry. The
location of this study is in San Pablo City, Laguna.
A. Map Settings
A.1 International Map Settings
38
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Source: https://conceptdraw.com/a1247c3/preview--Political%20map%20of%20Asia
Figure 3.1 Map of Asia
Asia constitutes at nearly one third of the Earth’s landmass and is the largest of
the world’s continents. It lies entirely on the north of the equator except for some

Southeast Asian islands. It is populated by about 60 percent of the world’s population
which is more than 4 billion people.
A.2. National Map Settings
Source: https://www.touropia.com/regions-in-the-philippines-map/
Figure 3.2 Philippine Map
Philippines is an archipelagic nation located in Southeast Asia. It is composed of

7,107 islands and it is subdivided in three main geographical areas: Luzon, Visayas, and
39
Mindanao. The country is surrounded by Celebes Sea in the southwest region.

Furthermore, the Philippines has a total of seven maritime borders with China in the west,
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Japan in the west, Vietnam in the west, Malaysia in the south, Taiwan in the west,
Indonesia in the south, and Palau in the east.
Today, Philippines is still primarily considered as an agricultural country. Most

people in the provinces still live in rural areas and support themselves through the means
of agriculture. The country's agriculture sector is made up of 4 sub-sectors: farming,
fisheries, livestock, and forestry (the latter 2 sectors are very small). Through these

sectors, they employ a total of 39.8 percent of the labor force which contributed an
estimated 20 percent of GDP.
The country's main agricultural crops are the following: rice, corn, coconut,
sugarcane, bananas, pineapple, coffee, mangoes, tobacco, and abaca. Secondary crops
include peanut, cassava, sweet potato, garlic, onion, cabbage, eggplant, calamansi,
rubber, and cotton.
The sector is burdened with low productivity for most of its crops. The government
has recognized the decreasing contribution of the country’s agricultural sector in GDP. The
performance of this sector has drop due to its vulnerability towards extreme weather
events like drought and typhoons, infestations like coconut scale insects, and poor
government support to develop a good infrastructure for farmers and its market.
A.3. Regional Map Settings
Source: http://myteachermommy.com/2016/05/19/calabarzon-map-puzzle-araling-
40
Page
panlipunan-homeschool-project/
Figure 3.3 CALABARZON Map

Calabarzon is an administrative region also known as Southern Tagalog Mainland

which is designated as Region IV-A. The region was named with the acronym of its five
component provinces: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon. In the Philippines,
this region is considered as the most populous with a total of 14.4 million residents in the
year of 2015. It is also next in National Capital Region as the most densely populated
area.
The region has an area of 16,873.31 km2 and is the 12 th largest region in the
country. In west area, the region is bordered by Manila Bay, in north, it is bordered by;
Metro Manila, Bulacan, and Aurora, in east, it is bordered by Lamon Bay and Bicol, in
south, it is bordered by the Isla Verde Passage. It is consists of coastal areas and
highlands but the region itself is relatively flat. The environment ranging from low coastal
areas to rugged mountainous ones depends on the different environment of each
provinces.
According to DTI the region is the third largest contributor to the national GDP,
accounting for 17% of the gross domestic product. The region boasts a 2.1% inflation rate,
lower than the national average of 3%. The region has a 9.2% unemployment rate which is
higher than the national average of 7%. Therefore, Calabarzon and the rest of the country,
is caught in the middle of being an industrial and an agricultural economy.
The region had 282,700 farms, covering 588,500 hectares (1,454,000 acres), or
36.3% of the region's total land area as of 2002. The region still has a large agricultural
base. The home of the International Rice Research Institute can be found within the
University of the Philippines Los Baños in Laguna. The institute’s main goal is to find
sustainable ways to help rice farmers.
A.4. Provincial Map Settings

41
Laguna is a province within the Calabarzon Region. It is considered as one of the

Page
most progressive, historical and cultural provinces in the country. As of the 2015 census, the
province's total population is 3,035,081. It is also currently the seventh richest province in the
country.
Laguna has an area of 60,624 hectares or 149,810 acres of alienable and

disposable agricultural land. About 41,253 hectares or 101,940 acres or 23.44% of
Laguna's total land area is forest land. In 2002, there were 38,445 farms in Laguna. The
top five crops produced in Laguna are rice, maize, coconuts, mangoes, and bananas.

Other crops grown in the province include Robusta coffee, pineapple, lanzones, rambutan,
and sugarcane.
Agriculture and fisheries are the main natural resources of Laguna. This is due to
its location near the Laguna de Bay and the surrounding lowlands. The province has a
population of 3,035,081 based on 2015 census, and a total area of 1,760 km2 or 680 sq mi
of land. Today, Laguna shows a flourishing economy. It produces millions of pesos worth
of coconuts, rice, sugar, citrus fruits, lanzones and other products. It was reported to have
an equity of PHP 4.474 billion in 2015, right after Cavite, the highest in the region.
42
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Source: https://itsmeshaileng.wixsite.com/website

Figure 3.4 Laguna Map
A.5. Municipal Map Setting
43
Page
Source: http://mysanpablo.blogspot.com/2010/09/san-pablo-city-map.html

Figure 3.5 San Pablo City, Laguna Map
San Pablo City, also known as the "City of Seven Lakes" is a 1 st class city in the
province of Laguna. It has a population of 266,068 people according to the 2015 census.
The city is one of the oldest city in the country that is located in the southern portion of the
province of Laguna. It is considered as the largest city in the province by land area.
The city is called as the "City of Seven Lakes" because it is referring to the Seven
Lakes of San Pablo namely: Lake Sampaloc, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Bunot, Lakes Pandin
and Yambo, Lake Muhikap, and Lake Calibato.
(Yung mga next neng pwede ka na mag copy paste sa CLUP lagyan mo nalang
ng interpretation nung data base sa project mo kahit 1-3 sentences lang ok na. Di kasi ako
masyado familiar sa proj eh. Go nengss!)
A.5.a. Land Area
A.5.b. Climate
A.5.c. Geology
A.5.d. Topography and Soils/Slopes
A.5.e. Demographics
A.5.f. Vulnerability to Hazards
A.5.g. Housing
A.5.h. Utilities
44
A.5.h.1. POWER
Page
A.5.h.2. WATER
A.5.h.3. DRAINAGE AND SEWERAGE
A.5.h.4. COMMUNICATIONS
A.5.i Social Sector Development Needs
A.5.j. Agriculture

B. Micro Site Analysis
45
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CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Summary of Findings
Philippines, as a fast-growing country,
This study analyzes the needs of the community with regards to trading and
commercial industry.
B. Conclusions
Based from the accumulated data, it is therefore concluded that the researcher’s
project proposal entitled: “PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-
Medium Enterprises” achieved the objectives stated in the study, wherein:
 The project can offer a trading center for small and medium enterprises
within San Pablo, City, Laguna, from its wide range of commercial spaces
that can cater local businesses.
 The project
C. Recommendations
For an effective design of Architectural layouts of a Community Trading Center in

this study entitled: “PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium
Enterprises”, the following matters are being placed as prime consideration:
46
Page

APPENDIX D
47
Page

APPENDIX D: ARCHITECTURAL PLANS AND PERSPECTIVES
AVIARY PERSPECTIVE
48
Page
AVIARY INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE

AVIARY FRONT ELEVATION
AVIARY SIDE ELEVATION
49
Page
AVIARY SECTION

COMMERCIAL BLOCK PERSPECTIVE
50
COMMERCIAL BLOCK INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE

Page

COMMERCIAL BLOCK FRONT ELEVATION
COMMERCIAL BLOCK SIDE ELEVATION
51
Page
COMMERCIAL BLOCK SECTION

ECO-LODGE PERSPECTIVE
52
ECO-LODGE INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE

Page

ECO-LODGE FRONT ELEVATION
ECO-LODGE SIDE ELEVATION
53
Page
ECO-LODGE SECTION

MAJOR RETAIL CENTER PERSPECTIVE
54
MAJOR RETAIL CENTER INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE

Page

MAJOR RETAIL CENTER FRONT ELEVATION
MAJOR RETAIL CENTER SIDE ELEVATION
55
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MAJOR RETAIL CENTER SECTION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
56
Page

WEBLIOGRAPHY
57
Page

Curriculum Vitae
Of
ALLYSSA JANINE KARYL D. CABUHAT
Educational Background
Tertiary: National College of Science and Technology
Dasmariñas, Cavite
Secondary: Christian Grace School of Cavite
GMA, Cavite
Primary: Philippine Christian University
Dasmariñas, Cavite
Work Experienced
Practicum Industry Junior Architect at Fil.born Builders
Organization
Treasurer
UAPSA-NCST Chapter
2017-2018
58
Page
Member
UAPSA-NCST Chapter
2014-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020
Seminars Attended
2015 “Reviving Heritage” Ar. Joel Vivero Rico

“Art+Architecture+Nature” Ar. Michaela Rosette
Personal Details
Birthday: October 16, 1997
Birthplace: Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
59
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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite

A. Background of the Study

The Philippine economy as of today continues to grow year-on-year. In fact,

According to an article of Amber Pariona in economics, The Philippines has a

Small and Medium enterprises

B. Statement of the Problem

Lack of education, overpopulation, and unemployment are the most common

This project has raised questions such as:

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

C. Objectives of the Study

In general, this study is created to strengthen the idea of having a competitive

This project aims to provide solution to the given problems above.

exchange and promote Local business.

D. Significance of the Study

This project is significant in giving contribution and solutions to certain problems

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

E. Scope and Limitation

The scope of the project includes:

negative effects in our environment.

While the limitations of this study includes:

 Vernacular material of project estimate;

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

Escalation – A rapid increase.

G. Acronyms and Abbreviations

GDP – Gross Domestic Product

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

A. Review of Related Literature

A.1 Local Project

A.1.1 Sari-sari Stores

Figure 2.1 Sari-sari Store

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

A.1.2 Greenhills Shopping Center

Figure 2.2 Greenhills Shopping Center

Padilla and Crossroads arcades, Greenhills Theater, Greenhills bowling alley,

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

Figure 2.3 Greenhills Bridgeway – Second Floor

A.2 Foreign Project

A.2.1 Sari-sari Stores

Figure 2.4 Mercado Medellín, Colonia Roma, Mexico City

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

Figure 2.5 Mercado Medellín, Colonia Roma, Mexico City

Mercado Medellín is located in Colonia Roma in Mexico. It is a spanish term for a

B. Review of Related Studies

B.1 Project Locale

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

Figure 2.6 Province of Laguna Map

Laguna, a province in the Philippines that is located in the Calabarzon region in

On the historical side, Laguna is notable as it is the birthplace of the country’s

The province of Laguna was formerly called La Laguna and La Provincia de la

Laguna occupies the North-central section of the Calabarzon region in Luzon. It

B.2 Profile of San Pablo City, Laguna

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan of San Pablo City, Laguna

Figure 2.7 Location Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

Figure 2.8 Topographic Map of San Pablo City, Laguna

“PARAMETRICISM: A Community Trading Center for Small-to-Medium Enterprises”

 QV Type (Quaternary) or volcanic flow comprises 23.45% of the City’s total