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B Singh • S K Gautam • M S Chauhan • S K Singla

Animal biotechnology is an integral component of agriculture. B Singh • S K Gautam • M S Chauhan • S K Singla

Applicable in science and engineering, it is used for modifying living
organisms. Textbook of Animal Biotechnology discusses topics
including economically important livestock breeds, paradigm shifts
in livestock production, biotechnology in animal nutrition and in
livestock-assisted reproduction. Genomics and genetic engineering
tools in livestock production and management are also discussed
at length.
Divided into 41 chapters, the book is supported with over 50
figures and more than 30 tables. A must have for undergraduates
and postgraduates of various agriculture and animal husbandry
academia, teachers, professionals, it will also prove helpful for

Singh • Gautam • Chauhan • Singla

researchers dealing with basic as well as applied animal sciences
including biotechnology, nutrition, physiology, and reproduction.
Key Features
• Provides cutting-edge technologies in livestock and fish production
• Gives various aspects of biotechniques aimed to improve fish
nutrition, stem cell technology, and transgenesis
• Explains food and dairy biotechnology

The Energy and Resources Institute The Energy and Resources Institute
B Singh • S K Gautam • M S Chauhan • S K Singla
© The Energy and Resources Institute, 2015

ISBN 978-81-7993-327-5

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

All export rights for this book vest exclusively with The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).
Unauthorized export is a violation of terms of sale and is subject to legal action.

Suggested citation
Singh, B, S K Gautam, M S Chauhan, and S K Singla. 2015. Textbook of Animal Biotechnology.
New Delhi: TERI

Published by
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
TERI Press Tel. 2468 2100 or 4150 4900
Darbari Seth Block Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145
IHC Complex, Lodhi Road India +91 • Delhi (0)11
New Delhi – 110 003 E-mail teripress@teri.res.in
India Website www.teriin.org
Bookstore https://bookstore.teri.res.in

Printed in India
 Preface

Animal Biotechnology is contributing immensely to human health, nutrition, and

economy. Textbook of Animal Biotechnology is the first book of its kind to provide researchers
and readers with comprehensive information to aid animal health, production, and
biodiversity conservation through genetic engineering and biotechnological interventions.
The book covers various topics of interest, including economically important livestock
breeds, paradigm shifts in livestock health and production, biotechnology in animal
nutrition, and livestock-assisted reproduction and genomics.
The insightful and thought-provoking collection of chapters is aimed to appraise
cutting-edge technologies in livestock and fish production. Supported with plentiful
illustrations, tables, and boxes, this textbook is a must for undergraduates and
postgraduates, academia, teachers, professionals, and researchers in basic and applied
animal sciences.
The book begins with a general discussion of animal cell culture and tissue
culture lab wherein authors have provided insights into fundamental technologies
such as cell culture technology, recombinant DNA technology, model organisms used
in biotechnology and biomedical science, developments in genomics and molecular
markers in livestock, and use of various bioresources for livestock and industrial
development.
The book discusses various aspects of biotechniques aimed to improve fish nutrition,
stem cell technology, transgenesis and exploitation of marine bioresources. It presents
thorough and avant-garde feats of biotechnology of gut microbiome, nutrigenomics,
metagenomics, and utilization of unconventional forages and feeds. The chapters on
assisted reproduction presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and
opportunities to augment reproduction efficiency of various livestock species. Two
chapters are devoted to food and dairy biotechnology.
Finally, an overview of genomic reprogramming and its prospects in animal
production, livestock in post-genomic era of biology and medicine, applications of
nanotechnology in veterinary health and animal production, and managing livestock
resources in the era of burgeoning global climatic stress is provided.
 Contents

Preface v

1. ANIMAL CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE LABORATORY 1

Introduction 1
Sterilization 3
Basic Equipment in Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory 5
Hazards and Safety in Cell Culture Laboratory 9
Opportunities and Challenges 10
Conclusions 11
References 12

2. BASICS OF CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGY 13

Organisms and Cells 13
Basics of Animal Cell Culture 14
Media Preparation 14
Role of Important Components of Culture Media 22
Opportunities and Challenges 24
Conclusions 25
References 25

3. APPLICATIONS OF CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGY 27

Introduction 27
Advances in Cell Technology 28
Products Obtained from Animal Cells 31
Opportunities and Challenges 33
Conclusions 34
References 35
viii Contents

4. SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 37
Introduction 37
What is Synthetic Biology? 37
Recent Advances in Synthetic Biology 38
Applications of Synthetic Biology 40
Opportunities and Challenges 41
Conclusions 42
References 42

5. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 45

Introduction 45
What is Recombinant DNA? 45
Major Steps Involved in the Technology 46
How Does rDNA Work? 52
Applications of RNA Technology 52
References 54

6. MODEL ORGANISMS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE 55

Introduction 55
What are Model Organisms? 55
Significance of Model Organisms 56
Opportunities and Challenges 60
Conclusions 60
References 60

7. DEVELOPMENTS IN MOLECULAR MARKERS IN LIVESTOCK 63

Introduction 63
Developments in Livestock Genomics 63
Types of Molecular Marker 66
Classification of Molecular Markers 67
Applications of Molecular Markers 73
Opportunities and Challenges 77
Conclusions 78
References 79
 Contents ix

8. EXPLORING VARIOUS BIORESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 81

Introduction 81
Enzymes in Industrial Development 82
Need to Explore Novel and Inexhaustible Source of Raw Biomaterials 87
Potential Microbial Niches for Industrial Applications 88
Alternative Strategies to Enhance Enzyme Production 93
Opportunities and Challenges 95
Conclusions 96
References 96

9. ADVENT OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW 99

Introduction 99
Defining Nanotechnology 101
What are Nanoparticles? 102
Tools of Nanoscience 103
Nanobiotechnology 103
General Applications of Nanotechnology 104
Opportunities and Challenges 106
Conclusions 107
References 107

10. AQUATIC BIORESOURCES: PROSPECTS FOR HEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD 111

Introduction 111
Aquatic Food Resources—A Global and National Perspective 112
Importance of Aquaculture 113
Emerging Trends for Sustainable Aquaculture 115
Opportunities and Challenges 118
Conclusions 119
References 120

11. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISH NUTRITION, REPRODUCTION, AND DIVERSITY

CONSERVATION 121
Introduction 121
Role of Biotechnology in Fishery 121
Cryopreservation 127
 Textbook of Animal Biotechnology

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