IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

CORAM:HONOURABLE MS JUSTICE SONIA GOKANI

Date : 20/10/2016

SPECIAL CRIMINAL APPLICATION (QUASHING) NO. 7666 of 2016

SEJALBEN TEJASBHAI CHOVATIYA….Applicant(s) Versus STATE OF

Appearance: MR K S CHANDRANI, ADVOCATE for the Applicant(s) No. 1 MR RONAK

ORAL ORDER

1. Leave to amend to join the husband as respondent No.2 is permitted. To be carried out
forthwith.

2. At the outset, it is to be mentioned that in this petition, challenge is made to the order dated
6.9.2016 passed by the learned Judge, Family Court below Exh.88 in Criminal Miscellaneous
Application No.346 of 2013, attempts were made by the Court to see that the parties can reach to
any kind of settlement. However, as the same could not be worked out, both the sides have been
heard extensively. The petitioner is the wife, who is married to respondent No.2.

3. The petitioner is married to respondent No.2 on 20.11.2008 and a son is begotten out of the
said wedlock on 21.12.2010. It is the say of the petitioner that after the birth of the son, the
husband got shifted at Jetpur and started residing in a rented premise. He had once again started
residing with joint family at Rajkot. The petitioner urged that she was deserted in August, 2012
and thereafter she made an application under

Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code

4. The trial Court, on an application Exh.88 under sections 195 and 340 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure preferred by respondent No.2 on 13.5.2016, recorded the evidence on both the sides
and directed the Registrar of Family Court to file an application before the Pradyuman Nagar
police station under sections 191,192 and 193 of the Indian Penal Code.

5. After staying the said order for a period of 30 days, the dissatisfied wife is before this Court
with various averments and following reliefs:

“(10) The petitioner on the aforesaid premises, prays before Your Lordships that:

(A) Your Lordships may kindly be pleased to quash and set aside the Order impugned
Dt.6/09/2016 passed by the learned Judge Family Court, Rajkot below Ex88 in Cri.M.A.No.346
of 2013.
(B) Pending admission, hearing and final disposal of present application, Your Lordships may
kindly be pleased to stay the implementation, execution and compliance of the Order Dt.
6/09/2016 passed by the learned Judge Family Court, Rajkot below Exh88 in Cri.M.A.No.346 of
2013.

(C) Your Lordships may kindly be pleased to pass such other and further relief as may be
deemed just and proper in favour of the petitioners, in the interest of justice.”

6. Learned advocate Chandrani appearing for the petitioner has urged that even if there is any
perjury, the petitioner need not be prosecuted. He has urged that Court below was in error in
appreciating the evidence, specifically the income tax return to conclude that the petitioner had
suppressed her true income. It is not the case of the petitioner that she was serving and was
drawing the salary. Her income tax returns have been managed by her father and it is not unusual
for family members to have the income tax returns from the business of family. It is further his
say that the lady is a graduate. However, she would not know about any return being filed by the
father nor would she be aware of the income of the family members and of hers in absence of
any work that she was performing. It is not the case of the other side that she was serving and
getting the salary from the account of Kirit Traders owned by her father.

7. He further has urged that the order passed by the learned Judge is contrary to the provision of
sections 195 and 340 of the Indian Penal Code and, therefore, also the same deserves to be
quashed.

8. Learned advocate appearing for respondent No.2 has urged that it is very rare that the Court
would go out of the way to hold that perjury has been committed and, in the instant case, it is
quite obvious from the record that she had not revealed the fact that she is given permanent
alimony of the sum of Rs.4,00,000/so also all her income is shown under the Income Tax Act.

9. Learned Additional Public Prosecutor for respondent No.1 has urged this Court not to
interfere. According to him, the Court has in detail given the reasonings for initiating the
proceedings against the present petitioner.

10. Admittedly, this order has arisen on account of the affidavit given by the petitioner, wherein
she declared herself a housewife having no source of income. However, she has admitted in her
crossexamination that she has obtained Rs.4 lakhs from her previous husband at the time of
taking divorce from him.

11. An application came to be moved before the Family Court, Ahmedabad by the husband that
though she is earning a salary of Rs.40,000/from business, she has mentioned in her affidavit that
she is a house wife and has no source of income. The earlier application came to be disposed of
on the ground that the evidence was not recorded.

12. Later on, when similar application came to be moved, the Court had questioned as to whether
the applicant had produced false evidence on oath and vide order dated 23.5.2016 directed that
the same would be decided at the time of deciding the main application.

13. Another application came to be moved being Criminal Revision Application No.429 of 2016
before this Court, which was withdrawn on 10.8.2016. Thereafter, an application was moved
before the Family Court, Rajkot to take action against the petitioner under sections 195 read with
section 340 of the Code of Criminal Procedure committing an offence under sections 191, 192
and 193 of the Indian Penal Code. The Court below held in affirmation, which has aggrieved the
petitioner for ventilating the grievance in this petition memo.

14. This Court notices that the Court has elaborately discussed the law and applied the said law
to the facts to hold that the petitioner has not stated the correct facts on oath. She has stated that
she was doing household work and has no source of income while her income is Rs.40,000/per
month from the business. She has of course, revealed that she has received sum of Rs. 4 lakhs
from the earlier marriage. With regard to the income tax returns, she is found to have given false
evidence. With regard to the fixed deposit and the amount that has been credited in her FDR, she
stated that she has no knowledge with regard to her accounts in Central Bank of India and Rajkot
Cooperative Bank. The husband also examined the witness, who was Inspector in the Income
Tax Department, wherein she submitted her personal income and her incometax returns have
been brought on the record to indicate that from the year 201112 she has income from business
at Rs.1,48,251/. The business profit was worth Rs.1,84,251/. The Court has given the details
from Income Tax returns of her income of every assessment year. Senior Manager of Central
Bank of India of Rajkot also has given the details that total of Rs. 17 lakhs, which are deposited
in the name of the petitioner that towards the fixed deposit receipt, which she has not disclosed.
The Court on noticing that she was getting sufficient income from the fixed deposit receipt and
yet has not admitted in the evidence produced by her stating that she has no source of income,
had directed the initiation of the prosecution under section 195 read with section 340 of the Code
of Criminal Procedure.

15. The Apex Court in the case of

Pritish v. State of Maharashtrareported in2002(1) SCC 253

was considering section 340 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to hold that the hub of this
provision is formation of an opinion by the court(before which proceedings were to be held) that
it is expedient in the interest of justice that an inquiry should be made into an offence which
appears to have been committed. In order to form such opinion the Court is empowered to hold a
preliminary inquiry. It is not peremptory that such preliminary inquiry should be held. Even
without such preliminary inquiry the Court can form such an opinion when it appears to the
Court that an offence has been committed in relation to a proceeding in that Court. It is important
to notice that even when the Court forms such an opinion, it is not mandatory that the court
should make a complaint. This subsection has conferred a power in the Court to do so. It does
not mean that the Court should, as a matter of course, make a complaint. But once the Court
decides to do so, then the Court should make a finding to the effect that on the fact situation it is
expedient in the interest of justice that the offence should further be probed into. If the Court
finds it necessary to conduct a preliminary inquiry to reach such a finding it is always open to the
Court to do so, though absence of any such preliminary inquiry would not vitiate a finding
reached by the Court regarding its opinion. The purpose of preliminary inquiry, even if the Court
opts to conduct it, is only to decide whether it is expedient in the interest of justice to inquire into
the offence which appears to have been committed.

16. Likewise, in the decision rendered by the Apex Court in the case of
Iqbal Singh Marwah and another vs. Meenakshi Marwah and anotherreported
in(2005) 4 SCC 370

it has been emphasized that even when there is a case of forgery noticed by the Court and the
Court forms the opinion that unless it is expedient in the interest of justice to prosecute a person,
the Court is not to do it in a referred manner. The expediency will normally be judged by the
Court by weighing not the magnitude of injury suffered by the person affected by the offence,
but having regard to the effect or impact of that offence upon administration of justice. The
Court also held that bar under section 195(1)(b)(ii) that no Court shall take cognizance of any
such offence except on the complaint in writing of such matter. It also held that the bar would be
attracted only when the offences enumerated in section 195(1)(b)(ii) have been committed with
respect to a document, after it has been produced or given in evidence in a proceeding in any
Court. If said offence is committed or given in evidence in Court, no complaint by Court would
be necessary and a private complaint would be maintainable.

17. The only aspect that needs to be considered by this Court is as to whether it is expedient in
the interest of justice that such prosecution would be necessary. This expediency, as held by
Apex Court, is not weighing the magnitude of the injury suffered by the person affected by it but
having regard to the effect or impact that the offence would have on administration of justice and
considering the factual scenario, the Court has formed a preliminary opinion to hold that it is a
case of perjury.

18. As can be noticed from the chronology of events and the evidence that has been adduced
before the Court concerned, it is certain that the injury which could have been sustained by the
other side has not resulted on account of this alleged falsehood because respondent No.2 could
find out at an appropriate time the details which he has furnished before the Court. So far as its
impact on the administration of justice is concerned, this Court has no reason to interfere as often
it is found that the litigants coming before the Court chose to speak blatant lies and do so with
complete impudence.

19. Laws which are otherwise in favour of the distressed wife when are sought to be misused by
declaring completely incorrect facts and also by suppressing the material aspect, the trial Court at
the time of considering the case found that the impact on the administration of justice would
make it expedient for it to direct the prosecution.

20. This Court finds no justification in interfering with the order. Even otherwise, the petitioner
is going to get all the opportunities to defend her case effectively. It is also, therefore, necessary
for this Court not to elaborate further on the merits of the matter.

21. Petition stands disposed of with above directions.