Here are the answers to the multiple choice questions:
1. Rod, sphere, spiral
2. C. Nanometer
3. C. Electron Microscope
4. B. Viruses
5. B. Fungi
6. True, True, False, True
7. False, True, False, True
8. A. Peptidoglycan
9. C. Chitin
10. B. Micrometer
11. C. Prion
12. B. Mold
13. B. Bacteria
14. A. Prokaryotic
15. C. Fungus
16. B. Virus
17. A. Eukaryote
Here are the answers to the multiple choice questions:
1. Rod, sphere, spiral
2. C. Nanometer
3. C. Electron Microscope
4. B. Viruses
5. B. Fungi
6. True, True, False, True
7. False, True, False, True
8. A. Peptidoglycan
9. C. Chitin
10. B. Micrometer
11. C. Prion
12. B. Mold
13. B. Bacteria
14. A. Prokaryotic
15. C. Fungus
16. B. Virus
17. A. Eukaryote
Here are the answers to the multiple choice questions:
1. Rod, sphere, spiral
2. C. Nanometer
3. C. Electron Microscope
4. B. Viruses
5. B. Fungi
6. True, True, False, True
7. False, True, False, True
8. A. Peptidoglycan
9. C. Chitin
10. B. Micrometer
11. C. Prion
12. B. Mold
13. B. Bacteria
14. A. Prokaryotic
15. C. Fungus
16. B. Virus
17. A. Eukaryote
Here are the answers to the multiple choice questions:
1. Rod, sphere, spiral
2. C. Nanometer
3. C. Electron Microscope
4. B. Viruses
5. B. Fungi
6. True, True, False, True
7. False, True, False, True
8. A. Peptidoglycan
9. C. Chitin
10. B. Micrometer
11. C. Prion
12. B. Mold
13. B. Bacteria
14. A. Prokaryotic
15. C. Fungus
16. B. Virus
17. A. Eukaryote
Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Prions Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms I. Bacteria are Prokaryotic Cells Their cells lack nuclear membrane and organelles, which distinguish them from eukaryotes. Size of Bacteria: Bacteria are smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Bacterial cells are extremely small so they are:
Measured in micrometers (µm). One micrometer equals 1/1000 millimeter. Bacteria can be seen by light microscope. Bacteria have a rigid cell wall
Bacterial cell wall contain
peptidoglycan. The cell wall surround the cell membrane and determines the shape of the organism. Bacteria have a rigid cell wall
Bacteria are classified according to the structure of their cell wall into two groups, either Gram-positive or Gram-negative. Additional structures Capsule External to the cell Cell wall wall may be: Cytoplasmic membrane Flagella, Pili, and/or a Capsule.
Pilus
Flagellum Shape of Bacteria Most bacteria have one of four basic shapes that can be described as either: Rod shaped (Bacillus), Spherical (Coccus), Curved (vibrio) or Spiral (spirochete).
Coccus Vibrio Bacillus
Spirochete Bacterial shapes
Rod shaped (Bacillus) Sphere shaped pl. bacilli Curved (Coccus) (Vibrio) pl. cocci
Spiral (spirochetes) Independent existence
Most bacteria are capable of independent
existence and growth, but species of Chlamydia and Rickettsia are obligately intracellular organisms. Bacterial Reproduction
Bacterial cells reproduce asexually by binary fission. However, many bacteria can exchange some genetic information carried on plasmids “small extrachromosomal genetic elements”. Fungi are eukaryotes. Fungi has a complex carbohydrate cell wall (like plants) that contain chitin (plant’s cell wall contain cellulose). Fungi are saprophytic
Fungi are non-
photosynthetic, generally saprophytic organisms (unlike plants). Two major groups are yeast and mold.
Mold
Some fungi are multicellular
filamentous, and are commonly called molds, Others “the yeasts” are unicellular.
Yeast yeasts Molds Fungal reproduction
Fungal reproduction may be
asexual, sexual, or both.
All fungi produce spores.
Viruses Viruses are very small
Viruses are too small to be seen in the light
microscope Measured in nanometer (one nanometer = 1/1000 micrometer) Can be seen only by electron microscope. Virus Structure
Viruses are not cells
(acellular). They have a simple structure. A virus consists of Nucleic acid molecule(s) (DNA or RNA but not both), surrounded by a protein coat (Capsid). Virus Structure
Some viruses may
also have a lipid "envelope". Capsid Nucleic acid
Capsomer Obligate intracellular parasites
Viruses Are obligate intracellular
parasites of other living cells. Viruses contain the genetic information necessary to direct their own replication, however, they require the host cell's structures and enzymatic machinery. Prions 29 Prions
Prions are infectious
protein particles that lack nucleic acid. A prion is a misfolded form of a normal brain protein. normal Disease- causing 30 Prions
Prion can convert a normally folded protein
into the prion form, creating a chain reaction that increases prion numbers. Prions can cause several degenerative brain diseases including scrapie in sheep, “mad cow disease”, and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans 1. Mention three basic bacterial shapes:
1) ………………………………… 2) ………………………………… 3) ………………………………… 2. Virus size is measured in ___________?
A. Millimeter B. Micrometer C. Nanometer D. Picometer 3. Virus can be seen by _______?
A. Light microscope B. Naked Eye C. Electron Microscope 4. Which of the following is measured in nanometer:
A. Fungi B. Viruses C. Bacteria 5. The eukaryotic infectious agent that has a complex carbohydrate cell wall:
A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Prions D. Bacteria 6. Fill in the spaces: 7. Unicellular fungi are called
A. Yeast B. Mold 8. True or False 1. Viruses can be seen by light microscope ( ) 2. Viruses can be seen by Electron microscope ( ) 3. Eukaryotic cells are smaller than bacterial cells ( ) 4. bacterial cells are smaller than Eukaryotic cells ( ) 9. True or False 1. Fungi are photosynthetic ( ) 2. Fungi are saprophytic ( ) 3. Fungi has cell wall that contain peptidoglycan ( ) 4. Fungi has cell wall that contain chitin ( ) 10. Bacterial cell wall contain _______?
A. Peptidoglycan B. Cellulose C. Chitin 11. Fungal cell wall contain _______?
A. Peptidoglycan B. Cellulose C. Chitin 12. Bacterial cell are measured by _________?
A. Nanometer B. Micrometer C. Millimeter 13. Infectious protein particles that lack nucleic acid are called
A. Virus B. Bacteria C. Prion D. Yeast 14. Multicellular fungi are called _______?
A. Yeast B. Mold 15. This picture is of:
A. Virus B. Bacteria C. Fungus D. Prion 16. This infectious agent is:
A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic C. Subcellular 17. Fill in the spaces:
Number 1 is : ………….. Number 2 is : ………….. Number 3 is: …………… 18. This infectious agent is:
A. Bactria B. Virus C. Fungus 19. This infectious agent is:
A. Eukaryote B. Prokaryote 20. This infectious agent is:
A. Yeast B. Mold 21. Prions can cause a disease that affect _____?
A. Brain B. Lung C. Intestine D. Bones 22. Bacteria reproduce by _______?
A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Binary fission 23. Fill in the spaces:
Number 1 is : ……………………….. Number 2 is : ……………………….. Number 4 is: ………………………… Number 5 is: …………………………
Influence of Planting Date and Plant Density On Morphological Characteristics, Seed Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L.)
Influence of Planting Date and Plant Density On Morphological Characteristics, Seed Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L.)
