Test 3

3. Give examples of the two.

1) Time and Attendance at Work

The determination of working time is based on the needs of the company by taking into account
the applicable laws and regulations.

2) Uniforms

Certain employees whose duties are for the sake of uniformity are required to wear work clothes.

3) Occupational Health and Safety

Every employee is required to take part in maintaining order, security, cleanliness and safety

work and work environment.

4) Main Obligations of Employees

Every employee is obliged to carry out the instructions / instructions from the supervisor with
full responsibility.

4. What you is meant by “culture “ and “festival”?

The word culture itself comes from the Sanskrit language, which is budhayah, which is the plural
form of the word buddhi which means mind or reason. Whereas in English culture it is known as
the word culture which comes from Latin, namely colore which means to process or work.

The term culture itself is also used in Indonesian with the loan word "culture". Culture with parts
of the human mind and intellect. The cultural pattern or way of life of a group of people that
continues to develop and is passed on to future generations.

Culture is made up of many complex elements, including religious and political systems,
customs, language, tools, clothing, buildings, and works of art. Language, like culture, is such an
inseparable part of human being that many people tend to think of it as being genetically
inherited.

When someone tries to communicate with people of different cultures, and adjusts their
differences, proves that culture is learned. Culture is a comprehensive lifestyle. culture is
complex, abstract, and broad. Many aspects of culture also determine communicative behavior.
These socio-cultural elements are scattered, and include many human social activities.

Festival,

from Latin comes from the root word "festa" or party in Indonesian. Festival usually means "big
party" or a festive event held to commemorate something. Or it can also be interpreted as a
happy day or week in commemoration of an important or historical event, or a people's party

E.B. Taylor - Kluckhohn dan Kelly

1. E.B. Taylor

A British anthropologist named E.B Taylor defines culture as something complex that includes
the knowledge of beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and others acquired by humans as members
of society

2. Kluckhohn and Kelly

The definition of culture according to Clyde Kluckhohn and William Henderson Kelly in their
book The concept of culture is all life designs that were created historically, either explicitly,
implicitly, rationally, irrational, and non-rational, which exist at certain times as potential guides
in human behavior.

5. Here are some common terms:

a. Christmas

This is a ritual or religious event that is carried out annually by its followers

The Christmas story comes from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New
Testament. According to Luke, an angel appeared to the shepherds outside the city of Bethlehem
and informed them of the birth of Jesus. Matthew also tells how wise men, called the wise men,
followed the bright star that showed them where Jesus was. The first record of Christmas
commemoration is the year 336 AD on the ancient Roman calendar, which is December 25th.
This celebration was most likely influenced by the pagan (non-Christian) celebrations of the day.
As part of the celebration, people prepare special meals, decorate their homes with green leaves,
sing together and exchange gifts. Over time, these customs became part of the Christmas
celebration. In the late 300's Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. In
1100 Christmas has become the most important religious celebration in Europe, in many
countries in Europe with Saint Nicholas as the symbol of giving to one another. Christmas Day
grew in popularity until the Reformation, a religious movement in the 1500s. This movement
gave birth to Protestantism. During the Reformation era, many Christians began to refer to
Christmas as a pagan holiday because it included a custom without a valid religious basis. In the
1600's, because of these unpleasant feelings, Christmas was banned in England and many British
colonies in America. However, the people continued to exchange gifts and soon returned to their
original habits. In the 1800's, there were two new customs adopted at Christmas, namely
decorating the Christmas tree and sending cards to relatives and friends. In the United States,
Santa Claus (Santa Claus) replaces Saint Nicholas as the symbol of giving to one another. Since
the 1900's, Christmas celebrations have become increasingly important for various businesses.

b. Feast Day/ Idhul Fitri

This is a ritual or religious event that is carried out annually by its followers

Eid al-Fitr or Lebaran in Indonesia is a Muslim holiday which falls on the 1st of Shawwal on the
Hijri calendar. Because of the determination of 1 Shawwal which is based on the circulation of
the month, Eid al-Fitr or Hari Raya Puasa falls on a different date each year as seen from
calendar. The method of determining 1 Shawwal also varies .

On the 1st of Shawwal, the end of fasting in the month of Ramadan, then celebrates Eid al-Fitr.
Early in the morning, the Eid prayer is always carried out (Eid prayer), it is sunnah to carry out
the Eid prayer in fields or even roads (especially in big cities). Before the Eid prayer, the priest
reminds who has not paid zakat fitrah, because when the Eid prayer is finished, then paying zakat
is the law of ordinary alms not zakat. The law of this Eid prayer is the sunnah of mu'akkad. On
the night before and after the feast day, Muslims say takbir.

c. Mothers’ Day

Yes this is “CULTURE”

Mother's Day is a day of remembrance or celebration of a mother's role in her family, both for
her husband, children, and her social environment.

Commemoration and celebration are usually carried out by relieving mothers from domestic
duties that are considered to be her daily duties, such as cooking, caring for children, and other
household matters.

In Indonesia, Mother's Day is celebrated on 22 December and is designated as a national

d. April Fool’s

Yes this is “CULTURE”

April Fools 'Day, known as April Fools' Day in English, is celebrated on April 1st every year. On
that day, it is considered permissible for people to lie or joke to others without being guilty. This
day is marked by tricks and other jokes against family, enemies, friends and even neighbors for
the purpose of embarrassing gullible people. In some countries, such as the UK and Australia
and South Africa, jokes are only allowed until noon or before noon. [1] A person who plays
tricks after noon is referred to as "April Fool's Day". [2] However in other places like Canada,
France, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Netherlands and USA jokes are free to play all day long. This day
is also widely celebrated on the Internet.

e. Indonesian Archipelago Day

Yes this is “CULTURE”

13 December 2020 is the commemoration of Nusantara Day. The history of Hari Nusantara
began with the declaration of the Indonesian Prime Minister Djuanda Kartawidjaja on 13
December 1957 regarding Indonesia's maritime boundaries which became known as the Djuanda
Declaration.

6. Related to the position Indonesia has two seasons: “dry and wet”, while Europe has four
seasons: “summer, fall, winter, and autumn/ spring”. Compare the food, sport/ leisure,
fashion in these two areas according to the seasons.

Sport/leisure (Winter)

There are games that you can play in winter, and of course you can still wear thick clothes so
you can warm your body when playing outside :

Skating 

Ski

snowmobile

snowboard

Recreational sports

Team sports

Sport/leisure (Summer)

There are games that you can play in the summer and of course still wear thin and short clothes
that absorb sweat so you can play freely outside in hot weather :

Hiking

Javelin throw
Jogging

Karate

Long jump

Archery

Badminton

Baseball

Basketball

Football

Golf

High jump

Fashion (Winter)

While in the rainy season, of course, use thick clothes. Which serves to maintain body warmth
(Sweater)

Fashion (Summer)

If the summer people or many people wear short clothes because the weather is hot. Of course,
wear thin clothes and also absorb sweat

Food (Winter)

In winter, people consume hot or warm heat which aims to warm the body (like tea and soup)

and tend to eat more food in the summer is snacks

Food (Summer)

During the summer, people usually consume food accompanied by cold drinks. Which aims to
refresh the body

1. What is meant by “rule” and “regulation” in a working place?

Workplace rules are important. They're intended to hold us to a standard of professionalism and
personal responsibility that keeps everything humming along smoothly. The best rules are both
well-intentioned and rigorously scrutinized before they become office policy. They’re rules that
enable us to succeed in our role and help preserve an atmosphere of common purpose. They
support rather than inhibit good work.

But of course not every rule is made equal. There are smart rules and there are dumb rules. The
worst rules are band-aids: poorly thought-out temporary fixes to problems that don’t (or
shouldn’t) exist. A bad or badly implemented rule can create problems for your people, and the
worst rules can devastate morale, sow distrust, and potentially even ruin an organization.

Company management has the right to expect its employees to adhere to reasonable ethical
standards. Employees who act inappropriately or unreasonably can damage business. It is very
risky if management assumes that every employee already has the same views as him. For this
reason, one of the best ways to clarify what management expects of its employees is to develop
general working rules.

Work rules are regulations that are made in writing by the company which contain general
matters regarding work behavior. Work rules apply to all employees and all elements involved in
the company, company leaders, direct supervisors of employees and employees or staff as a
whole. The following is an example of working rules within the company and they are adjusted
to the regulations of the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration.

2. What are the differences between the two?

Regulations are provisions that bind members of the community group,

Whereas rules are guidelines or principles to be followed