No. Words/ phrases Phiên âm của UK, lấy trong Cambridge dictionary online English meaning Vietnamese meaning (if any) Examples (1 câu hoàn chỉnh: đơn giản, ngắn gọn, dễ)

A.
Vocabulary
Soạn từ để học kiểm tra giữa kỳ.
No. Words/ phrases English meaning Vietnamese Examples
Phiên âm của UK, meaning (if any) (1 câu hoàn chỉnh:
lấy trong đơn giản, ngắn gọn,
Cambridge dễ)
dictionary online
1 distinctive
2 in close proximity
to
3 encountered
4 Susceptible (adj)
5 heralds
6 Imprinted (v)
7 coincide with
8 Give rise to
9 perceive
10 letdown
11 intrigued
12 novelty
13 notion
14 Man-made
15 emit
16 Nutritious (adj)
17 Extensive (adj)
18 Conventional (adj)
19 Evidence (n)
20 Stand out (v)
21 disillusionment
22 Binge eating
23 Launch (v)
24 inevitable
25 Sporadic
26 consecutive
27 Curb
28 trigger
29 Servings
30 vital
B. Reading passage
Các câu trả lời phải kèm theo dẫn chứng.
Reading passage 1. Read the passage. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the
list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i A change in dominant species
ii iii Two modern-day relatives of the dinosaurs The
iv likelihood of surviving a similar episode Evidence
v of the collision and its effects
vi A margin of distinct animal remains
vii A volcanic eruption
viii An explanation of the change
ix Poisonous gases
x
An abrupt and devastating event
Hollywood movie to be released
1 Paragraph A 4 Paragraph D
2 Paragraph B 5 Paragraph E
3 Paragraph C 6 Paragraph F
The collision that transformed life on Earth

A. Around 65 million years ago, life on earth changed. However, to say it merely ‘changed’ is something of
an understatement. It would be more accurate to say that the living world underwent one of the most
dramatic, cataclysmic /ˌkæt.əˈklɪz.mɪk/ transformations ever seen. The skies darkened for a whole year and
entire species were wiped out by a single event. This may sound like the stuff of a Hollywood movie, but in
fact the disaster, known as the K-T (cretaceous-tertiary) extinction event, is well documented as a historical
fact.
B. There has been some dispute over the cause of K-T, but in 2010, a review of the evidence by scientists
from several leading UK universities agreed that a meteorite of gargantuan proportions smashed into
the earth with such a tremendous impact that its effects were felt globally. The rock, which is estimated to
have been around 15 kilometres wide, hit Chicxulub in Mexico with an unimaginable force, said to be
around one billion times greater than that of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. The impact projected (tt) masses
of dust and debris (ˈdeb.riː mv) into the atmosphere, blocking out the sun and resulting in darkness and an
enduring, global winter.
C. The impact proved to be a seminal (important) moment in the direction of the evolution of life.
Dinosaurs, which had roamed and ruled the animal kingdom for over 200 million years were wiped out
almost overnight, and mammals, which had lived fearfully in the shadow of the dinosaurs, were given an
opportunity to flourish ( s t ) unrivalled (vt). The first few days after the impact saw dramatic rises in
ground temperatures. This was due to the asteroid (tt) turning into an enormous ball of fire and burning
gases as it fell through the earth’s atmosphere. The resulting heat proved too much for most dinosaurs,
which had nowhere to shelter from the rising temperatures. Mammals, on the other hand, were able to
take shelter in burrows or water. Those dinosaurs that survived this period of intense heat were then faced
with another problem; namely, a lack of food. A combination of heat and lack of sunlight killed most plant
life off relatively quickly. This left a barren landscape with nothing for the large herbivores to eat. As dead
animals decayed, then the carnivores too were also left with a failing supply of food. Mammals, however,
were able to adapt and live off the abundant supply of insects and aquatic plant life. No longer being
threatened by dinosaurs, they could quickly multiply.
D. The K-T boundary layer gives us a whole wealth of evidence to support the claims of impact theory, and
also its consequences. Scientists look to this clay layer, dated to 65 million years ago, for two main
pieces of proof. Within this seam of the earth’s crust, high concentrations of the metallic element iridium
can be found. While this element is not uncommon on earth, the intensity of the traces suggests an extra-
terrestrial source. The second piece of evidence is the layer of soot within the clay. Soot, a by-product of
burning carbon, supports the ideas of a brief period of intense fires circling the earth and wiping out most
land-based vegetation. The K-T boundary layer also clearly demonstrates which animals died out, and
which survived. Through excavation and examination of fossils below the 65 million year old
boundary, evidence of many species can be found which simply do not exist today. Above this boundary,
as the dinosaurs and other species became extinct, these fossils can no longer be found. While many
fossilised dinosaur remains are found below this boundary, above it, evidence of mammals dominates.
E. To say that dinosaurs died out and mammals flourished is somewhat over-simplistic. While non-
avian dinosaurs became extinct, avian-dinosaurs survived and went on to evolve into modern birds. It
is speculated that this was down to two main reasons: firstly their ability to fly and therefore scour wider
areas for food; and secondly their smaller size, which meant that they did not need as many calories, and
therefore needed less food to survive; and also they were more easily able to hide from the worst
excesses of heat. Crocodiles, another close relative of the dinosaur also survived. This was because they are
ectothermic (cold-blooded) and therefore can go for long periods of time without food. Non-avian dinosaurs,
on the other hand, are endothermic (warm-blooded) and can survive for only a relatively short period of time
before they need to refuel with food.
F. The long-term consequences of this dramatic event in the history of the evolution of life on earth led to
the evolution of apes, and of course, ultimately to man’s world dominance. Meteorites half the size of the
one experienced in the K-T event occur every ten million years or so. It is a sober thought to consider if we
are due another planet-changing impact, and whether humans would have the resources and technology to
survive such a catastrophic event.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in
boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.
Collision transformed Earth
 The K-T event produced initial sharp increases in (7) .
 If a creature survived the intense heat, it then had to overcome the issue of the
(8) .
 The blazing wildfires destroyed (9) quite fast.
 Avian dinosaurs survived because of their size and (10) _
Questions 11-13
Choose THREE letters A-F.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following are mentioned as happening after the K-T event?
A Animals increasingly took to living in trees.
B Sea creatures were able to survive the intense heat under the sea.
C Cold-blooded creatures were better equipped to deal with the declining food supply.
D Some dinosaurs survived and ultimately evolved into modern-day creatures.
E It took many decades for the climate to become stable again.
F Mammals were able to hide underground.

No. Words/ phrases Phiên âm của UK, lấy trong Cambridge dictionary online English meaning Vietnamese meaning (if any) Examples (1 câu hoàn chỉnh: đơn giản, ngắn gọn, dễ)

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The collision that transformed life on Earth

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