How To Write Bibliography

HOW TO WRITE A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Your list of works cited should begin at the end of your report on a new page with the centered title,
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alphabetize the entries in your list by the author's last name, using the letter-by-letter system (ignore
spaces and other punctuation.) Only the initials of the first and middle names are given. If the author's
name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring any A, An, or The. If there is more than one author,
use an ampersand (&) before the name of the last author. If there are more than six authors, list only the
first one and use et al. for the rest.
Place the date of publication in parentheses immediately after the name of the author. For dates, spell
out the names of months in the text of your paper, but abbreviate them in the list of works cited, except
for May, June, and July. Use either the day-month-year style (22 July 1999) or the month-day-year
style (July 22, 1999) and be consistent. With the month-day-year style, be sure to add a comma after
the year Place a period after the closing parenthesis. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around
the titles of shorter works within longer works.
Publication names should be in italics.
The APA guidelines specify using sentence-style capitalization for the titles of books or articles, so you
should capitalize only the first word of a title and subtitle. The exceptions to this rule would be
periodical titles and proper names in a title which should still be capitalized. The periodical title is run
in title case, and is followed by the volume number which, with the title, is also italicized.
All APA citations should use hanging indents, that is, the first line of an entry should be flush left, and
the second and subsequent lines should be indented 1/2". This is known as hanging indentation.
Format Example:
Books:
Format:
Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. Additional information. City of
publication: Publishing company.
Examples:
Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
Boorstin, D. (1992). The creators: A history of the heroes of the imagination. New York: Random
Page 1 of 4
This document has been compiled by Dr Subhendu Der purely for the use of students at IBA.
House.
Nicol, A. M., & Pexman, P. M. (1999). Presenting your findings: A practical guide for creating tables.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Searles, B., & Last, M. (1979). A reader's guide to science fiction. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
Toomer, J. (1988). Cane. Ed. Darwin T. Turner. New York: Norton.
Encyclopedia & Dictionary:

Format:
Author's last name, first initial. (Date). Title of Article. Title of Encyclopedia (Volume, pages). City of
publication: Publishing company.
Examples:
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
Pettingill, O. S., Jr. (1980). Falcon and Falconry. World book encyclopedia. (pp. 150-155). Chicago:
World Book.
Tobias, R. (1991). Thurber, James. Encyclopedia americana. (p. 600). New York: Scholastic Library
Publishing.
Magazines & Newspaper Articles/Journals:

Format:
Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article title. Periodical title, volume number(issue
number if available), inclusive pages.
Note: Do not enclose the title in quotation marks. Put a period after the title. If a periodical includes a
volume number, italicize it and then give the page range (in regular type) without "pp." If the periodical
does not use volume numbers, as in newspapers, use p. Or pp. for page numbers.
Note: Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in APA
style.
Examples:
Anderson, A. K. (2005). Affective influences on the attentional dynamics supporting awareness.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 154, 258–281. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.134.2.258
Page 2 of 4
Anderson, A. K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa, E., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003). Neural
correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. Journal of Neuroscience,
23, 5627–5633.
Armony, J. L., & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Modulation of spatial attention by fear-conditioned

stimuli: An event-related fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 40, 817–826.
doi:10.1016/S0028-3932%2801%2900178-6
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical
anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56,
893–897. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
Calvo, M. G., & Lang, P. J. (2004). Gaze patterns when looking at emotional pictures:
Motivationally biased attention. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 221–243.
doi:10.1023/B%3AMOEM.0000040153.26156.ed
Carretie, L. Hinojosa, J. A., Martin-Loeches, M., Mecado, F., & Tapia, M. (2004). Automatic
attention to emotional stimuli: Neural correlates. Human Brain Mapping, 22, 290–299.
doi:10.1002/hbm.20037
Carstensen, L. L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional
selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging, 7, 331–338. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.3.331
Carstensen, L. L., Fung, H., & Charles, S. (2003). Socioemotional selectivity theory and the
regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 103–123.
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of
socioemotional selectivity. American Psychology, 54, 165–181.
doi:10.1023/A%3A1024569803230
Carstensen, L. L., & Mikels, J. A. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging
and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 117–121.
doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00348.x
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
Kalette, D. (1986, July 21). California town counts town to big quake. USA Today, 9, p. A1.
Kanfer, S. (1986, July 21). Heard any good books lately? Time, 113, 71-72.
Trillin, C. (1993, February 15). Culture shopping. New Yorker, pp. 48-51
Page 3 of 4
Website or Webpage:
Format:
Online periodical:
Author's name. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number, Retrieved
month day, year, from full URL
Online document:
Author's name. (Date of publication). Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from full URL
Note: When citing Internet sources, refer to the specific website document. If a document is undated,
use "n.d." (for no date) immediately after the document title. Break a lengthy URL that goes to another
line after a slash or before a period. Continually check your references to online documents. There is no
period following a URL.
Note: If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.
Examples:
Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning injures four at music festival. The Why? Files. Retrieved January
23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org/137lightning/index.html
Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Text Center. Retrieved June 19, 1998, from
Alderman Library, University of Virginia website: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html
Note: If a document is contained within a large and complex website (such as that for a university or a
government agency), identify the host organization and the relevant program or department before
giving the URL for the document itself. Precede the URL with a colon.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being.
Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/
Hilts, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times.
Retrieved November 21, 2000, from http://www.nytimes.com
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HOW TO WRITE A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Encyclopedia & Dictionary:

Magazines & Newspaper Articles/Journals:

Armony, J. L., & Dolan, R. J. (2002). Modulation of spatial attention by fear-conditioned

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