Bhagwan Swaminarayan:

A picture book history

At the abode of Nar Narayan sages, rishis and other liberated souls
had gathered to discuss the dire situation of irreligion in
Bharatkhand (India). When the great sage Durvasa arrived no one
noticed him; this made Durvasa extremely angry such that he
cursed the whole assembly.

Both Dharmadev and Bhaktimata explained to Durvasa the

situation. Durvasa calmed down but said “My curse cannot be
withdrawn, but in order to save you from the curse the Lord will
also take birth on the earth along with you all. He will destroy the
demons, and save you from misery.”

Accordingly, the supreme Lord, Purushottam Narayan, gave

darshan and blessings saying, “Have no fear my children! I to shall
take birth on the earth along with you all. I shall free you from the
clutches of the demons. Worship the Lord, I shall save you from
your troubles.”
It was in the unassuming village of Chhapaiya near Ayodhya, Utter
Pradesh that Shreeji Maharaj decided to manifest Himself on 3 rd
April 1781. The village was naturally pleased at the birth of a son to
Dharmadev and Bhaktimata but there was also an unusual euphoria
about the place.

Children were dancing with great joy, the women folk brought gifts
and people had gathered around the house singing and laughing.

The newly born child was emanating a divine glow that filled the
whole atmosphere; people were enjoying the divine bliss of the
supreme God Himself.
The Lord was named and His future told by a revered sage
Markandeya,

After analysing the precious time the young child was born the sage
told the parents,

“Your son is born under the zodiac sign of Kark Rashi

(Cancer), so His name will be Hari. As He has a dark
complexion he will also be known by the name Krishna.
People will also call Him Ghanshyam. Your son
possesses all the higher virtues like austerity, piety,
morality, truthfulness and discretion, so He will also be
known as Neelkanth.

He... will one day renounce the world. Your son will
restore religion to its rightful place on earth, He will
relieve the miseries of the people... and show them
the way to deliverance. He will... bestow happiness
upon all.”
Having learnt about the future of his son from Sage Markandeya,
Dharmadev was curious and decided to test his son.

Whilst Ghanshyam was in His cradle, Dharmadev put a couple of

objects on a low table: a sword and book. Soon Maharaj got down
from His cradle crawled over to the table and picked the book!
Both His parents were extremely pleased and became convinced
that their son had a great intellect.
As per the curse by Durvasa, Bhaktimata and Dharmadev
experienced a great deal of harassment from demonic people; the
worst of these was Kalidatta.

Kalidatta attempted to dispose of Ghanshyam by sending his

devotees to kidnap Him and kill Him, but none were successful. So
Kalidatta went after Ghanshyam himself.

Kalidatta produced a severe cyclone along with torrential rain. As

Kalidatta approached, Ghanshyam climbed up a tree. Kalidatta lifted
himself in the air and threw himself against the tree with
tremendous force thereby shattering large parts of the tree.
Thinking that Ghanshyam must have been killed Kalidatta laughed
with triumph but only to find that Maharaj was still seated up on the
tree branch. Maharaj then shot a glance at Kalidatta and he was
hurled with great force against another tree repeatedly, until he fell
dead.

That was the end of Kalidatta and the harassment to Dharmadev

and his family.
Ghanshyam‟s sister-in-law, Suvasinibhabhi, was very devout but
she had a strong fondness for a golden ring given by her parents
on her wedding.

Ghanshyam wanted to rid her of this attachment and so stole it. He

exchanged the ring for some indian sweets, which he shared with
his friends. When Maharaj was found out he was scolded very
badly by Dharmadev and Bhaktimata. But Suvasinibhabhi‟s love
for Ghanshyam was greater than her love for gold, and having
understood Ghanshyam‟s motives she gave up her attachment for
the ring.
King Gumansingh was fascinated by the stories of Ghanshyam and
wanted to see proof for himself that He was God; he summoned
Dharmadev and Ghanshyam.

The king thought that if this child is truly God incarnate then he would
test him to see whether there are sixteen sacred signs on God‟s feet.
The king called Dharmadev and Ghanshyam into an open compound and
asked Ghanshyam to sit with both His feet out stretched.

Maharaj obliged, the king was amazed to see the sixteen signs of God.
When Ghanshyam was seven years old, it was time for Him to be
given the sacred thread. A suitably auspicious date was chosen for
the ceremony.

After the thread ceremony, Ghanshyam got ready for the ceremonial
run with His maternal uncle. Ghanshyam thought, “I have to do
good to innumerable souls in this world. I shall therefore run so fast
that I reach the Himalayas... Coming back from there I shall travel
from place to place for the deliverance of my people.”

As the run started, the uncle ran fast but could not catch
Ghansyham. Ghanshyam‟s uncle prayed for Ghanshyam to come
back particularly as His parents would be greatly grieved if He went
away. Hearing this prayer Ghanshyam thought, “My parents are
pure and innocent. I don’t want them to suffer on my account. I will
not therefore leave them and go away.”

Maharaj returned back to His parents; He had now resolved not to

leave home whilst His parents were still alive.
Ghanshyam was now ten years old. Bhaktimata had gone down with
a fever and day by day her condition worsened; she became very
weak and bedridden. One evening she called all three of her sons to
tell them that would not be long in this world.

All the family members had been called together for Bhaktimata‟s
final moments. Ghanshyam lovingly spoke to His mother. He
explained to her about God, man and devotion. He explained that
one should constantly chant God‟s names along with our true form
of atma.

This was the precursor to Maharaj giving the divine mantra of

Swami Narayan to His devotees. Ghanshyam also showed Himself
to his mother in the form of Narayan with four arms. On seeing this
Bhaktimata closed her eyes in meditation and quietly passed away.

Soon after the heart broken Dharmadev also passed away.

After the passing away of Dharmadev and Bhaktimata, Ghanshyam
thought of nothing but to leave home.

In the early hours of the morning (on 18 th July 1793 CE) whilst
everyone in the household were fast asleep Ghanshyam now eleven
yaers of age, got up to embark on an incredible journey that is
unsurpassed in history.

Ghanshyam wore a single piece of loin cloth , took the skin of a

deer for sitting on for meditation. In one hand He held a rosary and
a stick in the other, along with a small water pot, an alms bowl and a
filter cloth, He also took a Shaligram (an image of Vishnu) with Him.
He also wore a string of tulsi beads (Kanthi) around His neck, the
sacred thread and a tilak on His forehead.

His family were devastated and despondent on Ghanshyam‟s

sudden departure.
Alone in the forest on His way to the Himalayas to undertake
penance, Ghanshyam was served by Hanumanji (the Kurdev of the
Swaminarayan faith).

Hanumanji protected Maharaj from demons who wanted to kill Him

and also bought Him food to eat.

On the behest of Maharaj, Hanumanji went to see Ghanshyam‟s

family to tell them that He was safe and well, and to explain to them
that as God incarnate it was necessary for Him to leave home to
start His mission.
Ghanshyam had become emaciated. There was a glow of divinity
about Him and because of his severe penance at such a tender age,
rishis named Him Nilkanth (another name for Shivji)

In a place called Pulhashram in the Himalaya, Nilkanth undertook a

penance to evoke the sun-god by standing on one leg with His arms
up in the air whilst meditating. Maharaj did this solidly for about
three months in all types of weather, come rain, snow or shine.

After this period the sun-god Suryanarayan appeared before

Nilkanth . Maharaj paid His respects and asked Suryanarayan for a
boon that He be protected from all vices and to be blessed so that
He would observe complete and unbroken celibacy (brahmacharya).
He did this to lead by example in setting the ekantik dharma of God-
like saints.
Nilkanth now marched on through deep forests with purpose as He
now had to give darshan to Gopal Yogi, who was a supreme master
of Hatha Yog and a great devotee.

Nilkanth said to the yogi, “I have trudged through forests and

mountains in search of a yogi like you. I met many on the way, some
steeped in worldly desires and some proud and full of arrogance...
but I met none like you, endowed with sterling qualities and a pure
unblemished heart... I now shall learn yoga from you”

As per Maharaj‟s desire, Gopal Yogi taught Him yoga starting with
yoga theory and then Hatha Yoga. Maharaj learnt very quickly and
within a year Nilkanth had mastered yoga even the most difficult
aspects that mere mortals took years to master.

Having served Maharaj and had His darshan, in that state of the
ultimate realisation Gopal Yogi left is mortal body.
Nilkanth met a sadhu called Sevakram who was ill. Maharaj took pity
on him and stayed to look after him.

Nilkanth would prepare fresh bedding for the ill sadhu, wash his
spoiled clothes and cook food for him. Sevakram who had a stash
of money would send Nilkanth to the nearest village to buy food but
only just enough for him; Maharaj had to beg for alms and
sometimes would go hungry if no alms were given. Despite this the
selfish sadhu would not allow Maharaj to eat his food.

When Sevakram was better, both he and Nilkanth travelled from

village to village but Sevakram gave Nilkanth all his belongings to
carry on His head whilst he himself walked free with no burden.

This continued for a few days when finally told Sevakram that He
was leaving to which Sevakram tried to persuade Maharaj to stay
with him because of his own selfish reasons. Maharaj explained to
Sevakram how he had behaved, that he was very ungrateful and that
one should not keep the company of the ungrateful (this story was
recited by Maharaj in the Vachanamrut G I 10).
Further on His travels Nilkanth came across the King of Vanshipur.
The King invited Him to his palace. Although Nilkanth always
preferred to sleep outdoors, seeing the devotion of the King He
accepted the invitation. The royal couple had two daughters but no
son, they were so taken by Nilkanth‟s purity that they made up their
minds that He was the ideal match for their daughters!

The Queen ensured that Nilkanth was well served by her daughters
but Maharaj was impeccable in observing His vows; out of respect
He would always keep His gaze away from the daughters.

The Queen presented Nilkanth with the proposition of marriage to

her daughters. Maharaj informed her that He had only come to
redeem them. The Queen became angry claiming that even the great
rishis in history had fallen victim to the kamdev (the god of lust) and
that He couldn‟t expect to escape. Maharaj stated that He hadn‟t
come to be bound either by a kingdom or by the Queen‟s daughters.
Nilkanth left the palace to continue His mission, the Royal family
were grief stricken.
Nilkanth taught people about the virtues of a true sadhu. Where
false sadhus were taking advantage on gullible people He exposed
them.

At the Rath Yatra festival, in Jaganathpuri the bawas were

honoured and served by the local king, but they showed their true
colours behaving most inappropriately by becoming drunk, being
riotous and being promiscuous towards women.

The king, who genuinely wanted to serve sadhus was greatly

disturbed by this and wanted to punish them. Nilkanth consoled
him and said that there was need to punish them, as they would
receive their comeuppance soon. Later the different bawas factions
got into fight with each other and killed each other.
Having arrived at Loj early one morning, Nilkanth sat under a neem
tree in deep meditation. When a sadhu by the name of Sukhanand
came along, Maharaj immediately opened His eyes. The sadhu
invited Nilkanth to his ashram to meet Muktanand Swami. Nilkanth
introduced Himself to Muktanand Swami describing His journey
across India in His quest for true sadhus.

Maharaj‟s mission was to redeem every soul, and so He was very

particular to ensure that those who would do His work possessed
the correct knowledge and spiritual understanding. As such,
Nilkanth asked Muktanand Swami five fundamental questions,
“Swami, what is jiva (atma)? What is ishwar? And what is maya?
Then explain what is brahm and parbrahm?”

Muktanand Swami answered Maharaj‟s questions perfectly; Maharaj

was very pleased and reassured that He had found sadhus of the
highest calibre.
Nilkanth stayed at the ashram with Muktanand Swami. All the other
sadhus were attracted by the divine glow on Maharaj‟s face and the
bliss emanating from Him.

Muktanand Swami talked about his guru Ramanand Swami who was
the head of the ashram. He described his guru‟s virtues believing
him to be an incarnation of God. Nilkanth was pleased to hear about
this type of guru nistha.

Upon hearing about Ramanand Swami Nilkanth became eager to

have his darshan but he was away in Bhuj. Maharaj wanted to leave
for Bhuj immediately. Muktanand Swami and the other sadhus who
could not bear to see Nilkanth leave persuaded Him not to go.
Instead Maharaj and Muktanand Swami both wrote to Ramanand
Swami.
Mayaram Bhatt delivered letters from Muktanand Swami and
Nilkanth Varni. Ramanand Swami recived the letters with eager
anicipation.

Ramanand Swami first read Muktanand Swami‟s letter; he became

very pleased to read Swami describing the virtues of Nilkanth and
how the sadhus had grown fond of him. Then he read Nilkanth‟s
letter, a glow of great joy shone from his face and tears filled his
eyes.

Ramanand Swami then addressed the assembly, “Devotees, today

is the most fortunate of our lives... The person for whom I have
been waiting, through Him Bhadwat Dharma will be established...
Hundreads of thousands of souls will be redeemed and eligible to
reside in Akshardham”.

Ramanand Swami instructed his devotees to go to Loj to have

darshan of the supreme Lord Nilkanth Varni.
Ramanand Swami had written to Nilkanth telling Him to stay with
Muktanand Swami as he was the pillar of the ashram.

For a year Nilkanth stayed at the ashram working, serving and

begging for alms. In that time Nilkanth showed His divine authority
by introducing strict rules appropriate for tyagi sadhus, in particular
the renouncement of women.

In the mean time Ramanand Swami had come to a village called

Piplana and invited Nilkanth and the sadhis to come and meet him.
The sadhus left on foot with Nilkanth leading the way. As they
approached the outskirts of Piplana village Nilkanth stopped and
put dust on His head believing it to be sanctified because
Ramanand Swami „s footsteps on the ground.

When Nilkanth and Ramanand Swami meet they ran to each other
and embraced each other with divine love. All were amazed at the
affection both showed each other as if they were long lost
companions.
Within a short time Ramanand Swami had decided to put Nilkanth
Varni in his place as his spiritual successor.

At the young age of 21 Nilkanth was made head of the sampraday

and during the official rites was named Shajanand Swami.
Shajanand Swami was given the robes of a king by His guru to wear
rather than bhagwa (hence this is why he is often called by the
name of Maharaj), and to give both tyagi santo and grahast men and
women the benefit of His spiritual company.

Maharaj queried how He could wear such garbs when he had

renounced the world including wealth and women. Ramanand
Swami said that as He was the supreme God Himself that He would
not be affected by such things.
When Sahajanand Swami was made successor , Ramanand Swami
asked Him fto ask for a boon. Some doubters in the crowd who
were sceptical at the succession and did not have a conviction of
Maharaj‟s divinity thought that Maharaj would ask for fame and
wealth, hence exposing his true colours.

To everyone's‟ surprise, Maharaj asked for boon that stand out in

the annals of time demonstrating the compassion that God has for
His true devotees:

Firstly, Maharaj asked that if any of His devotees are

befall any misfortune, then may that misfortune be His
and not His devotees, and secondly, if any devotee is
to suffer the pain of the sting of a scorpion then may
He suffer the pain of a thousand stings in every single
pore of His body (Vach. Jetalpur 5).
Having placed Maharaj as successor, Ramanand Swami decided to
forsake his corporeal body; everyone were distraught and heart
broken.

On the eleventh day after the passing away of Ramanand Swami,

Shreeji Maharaj in a momentous moment introduced to the sadgus
and haribhaktas alike the Swaminarayan Mahamantra.

Later Mul Aksharbrahm Gunatitanand Swami, who was Maharaj‟s

first spiritual successor stated that the Swaminarayan mantra is the
greatest and most powerful mantra : “ It makes the poison of a
black cobra ineffective and dispels the desire for material
pleasures... One brahmrup and is freed from kal, karma and maya.”
Swaminarayan Bhagwan is the Supreme God. He is known as
avatari , the cause of the all the avatars and forms of God.

Many haribhakta had a desire to have darshan of a particular deity ,

or avatars like Rama or Krsna Bhagwann. Shreeji Maharaj told them
to mediate on Him; they dually had darshan of their Istadev.

Swaminarayan Bhawgan thereby demonstrated that He is the God

of all gods. All the avatars and dieties lie within Him and that He is
their source.
Swaminarayan Bhagwan exhibited many of His powers including
giving haribhakta darshan of their Istadev. Muktanand Swami
frowned upon this thinking that Shreeji Maharaj had got carried
away by showing off tricks to impress people and to gain
popularity. But Muktanand Swami had not fully understood that
Swaminarayan was God Himself.

With these doubts about Maharaj in his mind, he had the darshan of
Ramanand Swami whereby Swamiji re-emphasised the glory of
Maharaj as God incarnate. Muktanand Swami felt ashamed that he
had ignored his guru‟s agna to follow Swaminarayan Bhagwan.

With the feeling of repentance and love for God Muktanand Swami
composed the Swaminarayan aarti. He performed the first ever aarti
of Swaminarayan Bhagwan in person.
Social reform, eliminating taboos and superstitions was one of
Swaminarayan Bhagwan‟s great achievements. These included
putting a stop to infanticide also known as “dudh piti karvi” to a
female newly born in milk because of the burden of dowries;
Maharaj promised the satsang would collect money for marriages.

Maharaj also eradicated “sati-pratha”, which was a practice of

women climbing onto the funeral pyre of their dead husbands.

By convincing people the wrongs of these acts Maharaj won over

the public with his love for them.
Joban Pagi was a notorious bandit whom all feared. He robbed and
murdered people alike without any thought or remorse.

Joban Pagi had heard about Swaminarayan‟s horse called Manki,

which was from a famous breed of horses known as Rozo and was
the incarnation of Lord Vishnu‟s eagle carrier called Garuda. He
decided that he wanted to steal Maharaj‟s horse. When he and his
gang came one night to steal the horses they were amazed to see
that in every single stable Maharaj was simultaneously attending to
each of the horses.

After three succesive nights trying to steal the horses they gave up
and came to the gathering the next day where Maharaj was giving a
sermon. Maharaj called to them ordering that they be fed as they
hadn‟t slept or eaten for three nights! Joban Pagi realised
Swaminarayan Bhagwan as God Himself and became a staunch
devotee.
Kathiawad (North Gujarat) was totally lawless with bandits having a
free reign harassing and looting people. However, Swaminarayan
taught the people not break laws, to live regulated and spiritual
lives. Shreeji Maharaj‟s power was such that all became staunch
devotees.

Sir Malcolm was the Governor of Mumbai who was to visit

Kathiawad. He had heard about Maharaj from Bishop Hebber about
His social and religious reforms and was eager to meet Him.

Sir Malcolm invited Maharaj and afforded great respect. Having

discussed about the social reform that Maharaj had undertaken, Sir
Malcolm prayed for protection of the people and requested a book
to explain the Swaminarayan principles. Maharaj gave him the
Shikshapatri, which is now kept in a museum in Oxford.
Once, Muktanand Swami requested Swaminarayan Bhagwan that
He should leave some legacy for the world to follow. Maharaj had
promised that he would build mandirs, leave scriptures and Gunatit
saints through whom He would always stay manifest on earth.

Maharaj wrote the Shikshapatri Himself, which was a code on

conduct for tyagi saints, women, youth and householders.

The Vachanamrut documents the sermons given by Swaminarayan

Bhagwan that contains some 260 such preachings. The
Vachanamrut was authored by Muktanand Swami, Gopalanand
Swami, Shuk Muni and Nityanand Swami and validated by Maharaj.
Swaminarayan Bhagwan had decided to build His first mandir in
Kalupur, Amdavad. As manpower was limited, Mahaharj Himself
joined in the physical work to help build the mandir. His second
mandir was built in Vartal.

On His journey through the Himalaya, Maharaj had visited

Badrikashram were He gave darshan to Nar Narayan rishi. As these
deities are considered to be the example of penance to God,
Bhagwan Swaminarayan had promised that he would build a mandir
dedicated to them. This He did at Kalupur , where the mandir is
known as the Nar Narayan Swaminaryan Mandir.

Likewise, when Maharaj show lotus flowers in a lake in the

Himalaya, the goddess Laxmi appeared to have His darshan.
Maharaj had promised to dedicate a mandir to her as she was a
goddess for the welfare of people. This mandir was constructed in
Vartal and is known as the Laxmi Narayan Swaminarayan Mandir.
The Nar Narayan Mandir and Laxmi Narayan Mandir were selected to
be the centres for the management of the north and south Gujarat
diocese respectively.

Swaminarayan Bhagwan selected brahmins to manage the diocese.

However, as these brahmins had no affinity with the Swaminarayan
movement, their management failed. Maharaj was then convinced
by devotees to install his own relatives to manage the temples and
diocese.

Maharaj put his nephews Ayodyasprashadji Maharaj in charge of

the north Gujarat Nar Narayan diocese and Raghuvirji Maharaj to
manage the south Gujarat Laxmi Narayan diocese. Maharaj also
divided the saints into these diocese.
When Swaminarayan Bhagwan descended on earth, He brought
along with Him His dham, Mul Akshar Brahm Gunatitanand Swami
in order to fulfil His promise to start a lineage of Gunatit saints
through whom He would remain manifest on earth.

Maharaj was in Gadhada, He decided to leave His corporeal body

and invoked a serious illness; all were frightful of what might
happen. In His last days Maharaj called for Gunatitanand Swami.
When Swami arrived Maharaj embraced him and sang to him,

“How can I forget you my beloved when you are part of my

existence , my consciousness? The way the thirsty long for water
and the starving for food, I...”

Maharaj further continued, “I no more wish to live here in this loka.

You continue to spread the glory of Our Swaroop. Do explain the
difference between Avatar and Avatari. Give happiness to all
satsangis... We shall give it to them through you.”
The day was 1st June 1830. Maharaj asked for a stool on which He
sat to meditate in a Swastik posture. He redraw all His focus
inwards for the final time and of His own choice suddenly left His
corporeal body.

When the saints and devotees received news of Maharaj‟s demise, it

was like the very purpose of life itself had ended. Maharaj was
bathed, dressed and prepared according to the rites.

Maharaj was taken to the place of the funeral pyre in a procession

whilst devotional songs were being sung, and flowers being
showered on His body.

Many of the senior saints and elders could not bear to think that
Maharaj would be no more and they broke down. The scene was of
sadness never felt before or could be felt again.

After the final rites were preformed Maharaj‟s body was offered to
the fire, which consumed His body.
Gunatitanand Swami was walking along a field after the funeral. He
saw green turf near a stream. He thought, “Water is the life of this
grass and that is why it is fresh, green and full of life. But our life,
Swaminarayan Bhagwan has left us”. On thinking this he was filled
with great grieve and fainted there and there.

But then Maharaj Himself appeared before Gunatitanand Swami in a

divine form. He took Swami by the hand and revived him and said,
“What is this? Where have I gone? I constantly dwelling in you”.
Maharaj repeated this three times and vanished.

Gunatitanand Swami as the first spiritual successor to Bhagwan

Swaminarayan taught haribhaktas about the glory of Maharaj as
avatari, and that Maharaj Himself was still manifest through His
Gunatit saint.