Jeff Cooper Harry Boxer: Wizards Hit and Run The Techtrader
Jeff Cooper Harry Boxer: Wizards Hit and Run The Techtrader
Jeff Cooper Harry Boxer: Wizards Hit and Run The Techtrader
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Home HIT AND RUN THE TECHTRADER
Daily Jeff Cooper Harry Boxer
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Jeff Cooper has been a Harry Boxer has more
Tactics professional trader since than 30 yrs investment
Resources 1982 and is the author of and technical analysis
three best selling books: Hit experience. He is a
and Run I, Hit and Run II, consultant to many Wall
POWERFUL
and The 5 Day Momentum Street hedge funds and ONLINE
YOUR DAILY Method. Cooper's financial large institutional traders. TRADING
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markets experience started Harry currently authors COURSE
GUIDE
in 1981 at Drexel Burnham, daily reports at his From
HARD RIGHT EDGE
working for his father, a financial website The
private hedge fund Technical Trader.
manager. Cooper has been
Featuring
a trader and author ever Countertrend Day Trading
since, working out of his Using the right tools will
home in Malibu, California. improve your returns in a
tough market.
Interactive The Fantasy Island Reversal Identifying Market Your
Trading The reversal of a strongly Extremes Original Guide
Picks trending stock can leave Learn how to interpret to
PICKS, CHARTS, investors stranded and money volatility indicators so they Successful
SCANS, IDEAS & managers shipwrecked. pinpoint intermediate Short-Term Trading
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Identifying An Explosive Bias reversals and snapback Highly Effective
Check out rallies.
Before The Fact Market Strategies
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Volatility studies can offer clues
Charts with long and stable 3-D Charting Techniques
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bases will yield the best Get
imminent explosion in price.
and trades over time. More Info
Pattern Recognition
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through Jeff's skilled eyes.
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Advanced Trading Like no other method, tape
Strategies and Beginners reading deals with reality
Guide to Computerized itself, allowing traders to see
Trading. market moving forces in
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Mental State
Introduction to Volatility
If you want to be a trader, you
Learn about how to recognize must trade, you must change
and measure changing market yourself from fearing to take a
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report. readiness to react on a valid
Moving Averages I: The Ins signal.
and Outs Of Personal Accountability
Look at the calculation and The ego is a big part of a
comparison of simple, trader's demise in the long
exponential and weighted run. When ego leads decision
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Characteristics and General
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MASTER OF TRENDS Chris began market
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Analysis
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Short-Term Divergence is nothing to fear, how can
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The key to trading on a short-
R.H.Y.T.H.M. Trading
term time frame is always
keeping the larger time frame Don't think, respond.
trend in mind. Developing and retaining self-
Three Index Analysis control through proper
mastering of emotions will
Key turning points in the stock
allow you clarity in watching
market trigger when prices don't
market action as well as
confirm each others trends.
individual trade action.
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Now let me introduce you to Gilligan's cousin, Fantasy Island. A Fantasy Island sell
MARKET
signal occurs when a stock laps or jumps up above the prior days close but below the prior
GUIDE
days high, scores a new 60 day high on the day, but sells off, closing down on the day in the
bottom 25% of the range. (For buys, simply reverse the rules). Due to decimalization, the lap
required to generate Fantasy Island should be meaningful, not pennies. I typically want to
see at least a 50-cent lap.
Featuring There are reversals and then there are reversals. Many tops (and bottoms) are Gilligans
or Fantasy Islands, but not all Gilligans or Fantasy Islands are tops (or bottoms). I am going
to show you how I determine which signals are meaningful. Sometimes very meaningful. The
important thing to remember is that stocks turn on a dime; most trades cannot. The sudden
Interactive reversal of strongly trending stocks often leaves investors stranded and money managers
Trading shipwrecked. Hence, then name Gilligan's Island. Its sometimes less conspicuous relative,
Picks the Fantasy Island, can leave market participants equally marooned.
PICKS, CHARTS,
SCANS, IDEAS & On December 6th, 2001, Imclone Systems (IMCL), one of the leading biotech stocks,
PROFITS
lapped open and ran up to score a new 60-day high only to reverse by the end of the day. A
Check out look at the daily chart shows that IMCL closed at the low of the day and substantially below
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the prior days close after lapping up and hitting a new 60-day high, setting up the Fantasy
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Island sell. Of course, as always, follow-through is required to confirm a signal. Bearishly, the
NOW!
reversal was also a Lightning RodTM (LROD) as well as a Soup NaziTM. The Soup Nazi, as
and in "No soup for you!" (from the character on the Seinfeld show) occurs when a stock makes
EVERY MARKET a new 14-day high, pulls back and fails on a test of that high. Keep in mind that the previous
DAY!
14 day high to a test failure must have occurred at least 4 sessions earlier in order to avoid
stepping in front of an obvious continuation move.
When multiple signals occur, there is a greater than average likelihood of the signal
being successful. In this case, we had three reversal signals: A Fantasy Island, a Soup
Nazi, and an LROD. When multiple signals occur, there is the likelihood for a larger than
average move to play out. When a signal (or multiple signals) occurs at a natural inflection
point in time and price, often a major trend develops.
Let's explore what I mean by a natural inflection point in time and price. W.D. Gann,
the legendary trader and market conceptualist, believe that all tops and bottoms of
consequence were mathematically related, or vibrated off, each other. He believed that a
cause and effect relationship existed between tops and bottom of various durations much in
the same way a rock thrown into a pond corresponds to its counterpart ripples. One of the
tools Gann used to observe the vibrations between tops and bottoms is the Square of Nine
chart or what I refer to as the Wheel of Price and Time. The square of the first odd number,
3, equals nine and completes the first square, or cycle, in the Square of Nine chart. Hence,
the name Square of Nine chart. Since the number 1 squared equals itself, it is not counted.
The Square of Nine is essentially a grid of numbers starting with 1 in the center that spirals
out in clockwise motion forming a vortex, or a 9, similar to the Milky Way or a nautilus shell.
As I mentioned, the first cycle, circle, or square around the center is complete with the
number nine. Once you find the 'zero' point from which stocks' ripples emanate, the
geometry for potential highs and lows in the future can be determined. It is important to keep
in mind, however, that one must not only use the all-time highs and lows on the yearly chart,
but also the closing highs and lows on the daily, weekly, and monthly chart when projecting
price cycles.
A look at the weekly chart of IMCL shows an important low in March of 2001 at 23.87.
23 is on the important cardinal cross of the Square of Nine chart (the north to south and east
to west vectors). The weekly chart shows that one cycle up, or 360 degrees plus 90 degrees
(for a total of 450 degrees) equals 53 on the same vector as March 21st and marked the
closing weekly high in June of 2001. June is 3 months or 90 degrees of the year from March.
Ninety-degree movements in time and price are a natural area to look for support,
resistance, or in some cases, possible acceleration. It is the behavior after 90 degrees of
growth that must be observed. As you can see, opposition the June time frame or 180
degrees in time from June, in December 2001 marked the termination of the advance from
the March 2001 low. A period that consumed nine months (270 degrees of the year - 2 plus
7 equals 9).
Notice that, bullishly, IMCL initially rallied past 46, which represented the first cycle of
360 degrees from low. That suggested that after a pullback, a further advance might be
expected. The initial 46 resistance pretty much contained the nine-week pullback.
Interestingly, for that nine-week period, IMCL never closed below 46 on the weekly closing
chart by more than a point and change. On those occasions, the closes were as follows:
45.99 on the week ending June 22, 2001. 45.50 on the week ending July 13, 2001. 45.81 on
the week ending August 3, 2001. 44.88 on the week ending August 10, 2001. 45.50 on the
week ending August 17, 2001. Not too shabby. Such is the power of the squares.
To recap, off the March low, IMCL found high 450 degrees up in price and 90 degrees
out in time. Then the stock pulled back for 7 to 10 weeks and 90 degrees in price before
commencing on a new leg. Just happenstance?
On the next leg up, note the consolidation at 61, which was 540 degrees up from the low
price. Note also that IMCL first hits 61 on September 20th, precisely 180 degrees in time
from the March low. Ultimately IMCL reached 75.44, making a grasp for 77, which
represents two full cycles of 360 degrees from low. 77 is 720 degrees up from 23 and also is
on the vector crossing between June and December. This is how the June and December
highs are related and square out in time and price.
As shown on the monthly chart, the all-time monthly closing high for IMCL was 77.21
on the month ending February 2000. From the all-time monthly closing high, IMCL shows a
rally peak 36 weeks, or six squared weeks later, to the week ending November 3rd 2000
leading to a major reversal. From the week ending March 23rd, 2001, counting out 36 weeks
gives the week ending November 30th, 2001, the high weekly close prior to its recent
collapse from 75 to 17 in seven weeks. Gann used to say that panics play out in sevens. It
will be interesting to see what happens with IMCL in the coming weeks. The yearly chart has
now turned down and from the weekly closing high in December of 72, 720 degrees down is
20.50. Friday's close, 21.14, which is close enough for government work.
In summary, putting the pieces together, the reversal signals of the daily chart
combined with the Iguana sell signal on the weekly chart at the December high (a new 10-
week high that leaves a tail) proved the math that connected the dots on the Wheel of Time
and Price. I think you will agree that, indeed, symmetry exists in the markets.
Volatility studies can also offer clues as to the likelihood of an imminent explosion in price. Sometimes, of
course, without some knowledge of the above correct underlying structure of a stock price movement, the best
YOUR DAILY volatility studies won't give you a clue to the directional bias of a volatility setup. And of course, as our mama's told
MARKET us, "…it's important to try to get on the train before it leaves the station." As one of my heroes, legendary trader
GUIDE Bernard Baruch said, "Successful speculation is about anticipating the anticipators."
As W.D. Gann used to say, "Use all tools, all the time." Of course, if you don't know how to put the technical
pieces together and 'dovetail a joint,' the more tools you use will simply overwhelm you. For the purpose of
identifying the explosive setup below on DOX and how it tipped its hand, we are going to focus on how drilling down
Featuring from the big picture to the short term picture and how using a few simple tools led to a solid one day profit of 10%. If
you do that enough times the magic of compounding will make you richer than you ever dreamed possible.
As I alluded to above, one of the keys to identifying larger than average moves is not just correct
Interactive interpretation of short-term price behavior, but also the message of the big picture. In other words, the short
Trading term doesn't exist in a vacuum; it emanates from the vibrations created and set in place and determined by big
Picks picture forces. Imagine yourself sitting on the edge of a perfectly placid lake with your feet in the water. A small
PICKS, CHARTS, plane flies overhead, from which a boulder is thrown into the middle of the lake. Ten minutes later, ripples hit your
SCANS, IDEAS & ankles. The initial force was set in motion and the outcome was clear. But it took time to occur.
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Check out Unfortunately in the markets, there are always two vibrations or two trends at work simultaneously, the
MORNING
major and the minor trend. Much like a major and minor chord in music, the tug of war between these two trends
TRADER
determines what kind of slope will dominate as the stock marches across the chart. As in music, in the markets you
NOW!
must grasp a sense of the whole piece before any one note rings true. Only a sense of the whole piece will reveal
and the underlying tone and rhythm of a movement whether on Wall Street or Lincoln Center. As traders, we play note
EVERY MARKET by note but only in the context of a larger framework can satisfaction be maintained.
DAY!
The encouraging part is that, as in music, there are refrains and patterns that repeat. There is often - not
always - symmetry in the markets and the expectations that this repetition of behavior set up. Let's take a look at an
example of drilling down from the big picture to the short-term picture.
On June 14th (a), DOX gapped to the downside confirming a test failure at a top and in the process leaving a
breakaway gap from a triangle. The breakdown gives us a point as which to draw a downside channel.
In my experience, many times the first violent reaction is the midpoint of a move. If you take the high price in
June of 66.50 and the low price of 24 on October 3rd, you are given a range of 42.50 points. One-half of that range
is 21.25 points. Subtracted from the high of 66.50, you have a midpoint of 45.25. A look at the chart at 45.25 shows
the expansion in volatility that marks the midpoint of the ultimate decline (d). Of course, there is no way at that point
to ascertain what the low in fact will be. However, assuming that 45 may be a midpoint, one can arrive at a
projected low point. As Gann said many times, "…as above, so below." Just as there was a test of the high in June
that led to a break of a triangle; likewise, subsequent to the October 3rd low at 24, there was a successful test on
October 31st ((a) chart below).
It is important to note two elements at this point in the chart; 1) from the high on June 5th to the low on
October 3rd was almost 120 calendar days, one-third of the year and an important inflection point in Gann analysis
to look for a potential turning point. It is this price projection and the time count that put DOX on the radar. 2)
Importantly, the test on October 31st occurs after DOX breaks above the down trending parallel channel On
October 11th (see Figure 1).
On November 15th, DOX generates multiple buy signals. Not only does the stock break above the triangle, but it
also leaves an Expansion Pivot buy signal (b) as it closes over the 50ma for the first time since the breakaway gap
to the downside in June. As you know, multiple signals tend to generate better risk to reward setups and many
times generate explosive moves.
Despite the fact that the overall indices, led by the December S&P futures made a first hour high on Friday
November 16th and trended mostly lower for the balance of the morning session, DOX continued to advance. After
a first pullback in sympathy with the futures into 11:30a ((a) chart below) DOX exhibited strong intraday relative
strength, or right translation, when the stock followed through, shrugging off the market, to make a new intraday
high. This set up a solid trend day as DOX continued to stair-step up into the bell leading to solid profits.
In conclusion, as you can see, the explosive move in DOX didn't come out of the blue. Putting the pieces
together -- stalking the prey and leaping as the daily charts triggered, then pressing as the observation of intraday
relative strength suggested a trend day -- made for a successful trade. But if the stock isn't on the radar to focus on,
how can you expect to observe its superior behavior on the key day, Friday, November 16th? I have found that the
creation of a weekly Hit List as well as a Stalking List of big picture setups is the only way to focus and drill down.
In trading, focus is paramount. The more you try to see, often the less you see. The nightly research we do of
quickly scanning manually through hundreds of charts allows me to create both lists. This is where the candidates
for both the Cooper Swing Report and the Cooper Hit and Run Day Trading Report are generated. There are things
that can be seen in scrolling through many charts every day manually that cannot show up on routine computer
pattern scans. As I like to say, speculation is observation.
Jeff Cooper is a full-time professional equities trader. A graduate of New York University, he is also the
author of Hit & Run Trading, Hit & Run Trading II, Hit & Run Lessons, and the comprehensive video course,
Jeff Cooper on Dominating the Day Trading Market. For information about how to subscribe to Jeff
Cooper's nightly newsletter services, go to The Trading Reports.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
WIZARDS By Jeff Cooper
TUTORIAL
Home If you are familiar with anything I've written, you're aware that I key off
patterns. Price action is the market putting its money where its mouth is. In this
Daily
Trading Lesson, I'm going to walk through a recent setup, Citrix Systems POWERFUL
Courses (CTXS), that I focused on in my morning commentary for TradingMarkets.com ONLINE
Tactics on Jan. 13 and Jan. 18. In fleshing out how I picked the setup and, just as TRADING
importantly, how to surf the resulting move, I hope to let you get into my head. COURSE
Resources From
HARD RIGHT EDGE
I'm not really a position player. Long term for me is three days -- maybe three
hours. I seek to capitalize on stock movement as I see momentum ebb and flow.
I may be in and out of a stock a few times the same day. That doesn't mean
YOUR DAILY that's the correct way for you to trade, that's just my style. It probably comes
MARKET from being indoctrinated to the market at a time when the market believed
GUIDE redwoods didn't grow up to the sky -- a time before anything more than three-
month bear markets were outlawed.
Your
I'm going to approach this article in a kind of rapid-fire, stream-of-
Original Guide
consciousness way, much as I would when scrolling quickly through daily
to
Featuring charts after the close, looking for the next day's setups. I'm going to walk through
Successful
the CTXS example showing the way I make trading decisions when looking at
Short-Term Trading
intraday patterns. Short-term traders don't have the luxury of examining a lot of
criteria. There is no air-tight analysis. They must shoot from the hip, react quickly Highly Effective
to what they see, and pull the trigger or be stampeded by a new breed of point- Market Strategies
Interactive
and-click gunslingers. There's plenty of time to think about the trade later. That's and
Trading 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks where the learning becomes indelible. I urge you to review intraday charts and
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print out solid learning examples for posterity.
PICKS, CHARTS, More Info
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Observation 1: Jan 7. Strong reversal after gap down open tests important 50-
day moving average. (1).
Observation 2: Strong close, nearly at the top tick, leaves what I call a
"stickman" double bottom with the tail day of Dec. 15 (2). Nice way to close out
the week. Looks like a potential offset to a climax as the large range up looks to
counterbalance the large range down day of Jan. 6. Stock is poised for
continuation on Monday.
Observation 4: I'm going to zero in on the behavior of the first multiday pullback
after this momentum. This will help me judge whether the stock looks like a mere
two- to three-day snap back or whether smart buyers are accumulating. Are they
going to boom this leader to new highs into expiration. No doubt the January 120
calls were cheap as CTXS tagged par! I'm stalking for signs that the "rally" is
impulsive, i.e., meaning a new leg is coming and the reaction is over. What I
want to see is more rally than decline in both time and price.
Observation 6: This leaves the stock in a "first" 180 position since low as CTXS
closed above its 10-day MA. (P.S. I don't ascribe an meaning to the idea that
gaps need to be filled, but since many traders and technicians do, I do watch for
behavior at gaps. On Wall Street, perception is everything. Reality gets second
shrift.
Observation 7: Now CTXS is in the do-or-die position. When CTXS gaps open
over 3 points on Jan. 13 (to 124), it looks like all engines are go. It appears
poised to challenge prior highs up at 130. However, CTXS fails to maintain
traction and closes below the open. This washes out many momentum players
including myself. I never take them home if they're against me. Yet, I realize the
jury is still out as CTXS may have closed poorly but it was still up on the day.
The nature of trends is for stocks to thrust, pause, and pivot back in the direction
of the emerging and mature trends. However, it is also the prerogative of stocks
to be fickle; it is the nature of the markets not to accommodate -- at least not with
immediate gratification. This is the short-term trader's conundrum!
Stocks often stutter, stop and head fake before continuation prevails. Hey, Magic
Johnson could fake one way and head the other in a fast break. As you've heard
me say before. the second push often offers the better move.
Observation 8: On Friday Jan. 14, the die appears to be cast. CTXS fails to
follow through to the downside after Thursday's poor close. Still, I'm wary of
another false pop up on the open that could quickly fade. But when CTXS gets
through the first hour unscathed and forms a tight band of consolidation, I'm
thinking false moves lead to fast moves (the false move being Jan. 13) ("A" on
intraday chart). I am starting to think trend day. I see that if CTXS can break out
over what appears to be a double head-and-shoulder it could easily be a big
trend day. If CTXS can close at a new high, it may indicate a multiday expansion
in range. This is what I call a Magee Squeeze (after technicians Edwards &
Magee who came up with the head-and-shoulder pattern). Right shoulders that
are broken cook those who short against them. Fast movers come from false
patterns. It's what some technicians refer to as "The Hound of the Baskervilles."
In the novel, Sherlock Holmes solves a murder when he realized it was an
insider job as the hounds didn't bark when the crime was committed. CTXS was
beginning to look like an inside job -- a flush out to par pulls the rubber band
back significantly to catapult the stock to new highs into options expiration.
Observation 9: As CTXS flatlines, hugging old highs from 10:30 to 12:30 on the
morning of Jan. 14, it suggested compression was mounting for an attack to new
highs if they come back from lunch in New York and take out the triple intraday
tops the stock should explode. Bingo. A run to 136 before profit-taking sets in.
Notice that although CTXS does close at a new high, a second late-day violent
selloff ("B" on intraday chart) leaves the stock in a 1-2-3-4 pullback on the 10
minute chart but bullishly keeps some sold-out bulls at bay. This is not unusual
going into a weekend, especially a long weekend. But the stock is now in a
strong position and set up for all those traders and fund managers scouring their
charts over the weekend. The rubber band is pulled back short term (intraday) as
the stock closes with an expansion breakout buy signal. A great weekly close
that will show up on the new high list.
The explosion occurs in three wide-range 10-minute bars. Once it's over, it's
all over but the screaming and shouting. The whole day basically occurs in the
first half-hour. This is why it is crucial to be prepared and do your homework. The
market won't take any excuses that one of these Hounds of the Baskervilles ate
your homework!
Note that when a late-day breakout on Jan 18 ("D" on the intraday chart)
failed, CTXS nose-dived when it took out the morning high to the downside
(intraday Turtle Soup!). After a first retracement ("E"), CTXS waterfalls when it
violates the pullback low ("F").
Conclusion: Markets turn on a dime. Most traders cannot. Therein lies your
profit. As I remember reading somewhere once, "Any fool can believe the
obvious; it takes a genius to believe a palpable lie."
Jeff Cooper is a full-time professional equities trader. A graduate of New
York University, he is also the author of Hit & Run Trading, Hit & Run
Trading II, Hit & Run Lessons, and the comprehensive video course, Jeff
Cooper on Dominating the Day Trading Market. For information about how
to subscribe to Jeff Cooper's nightly newsletter services, go to The
Trading Reports.
Note! When I wrote Hit and Run Trading, I found that stocks that
traded with an average daily volume of under 200,000 shares best fit
the bill for small-cap stocks; however, as the market has grown and
the number of players has expanded, I have noticed that stocks that
trade up to 400,000 shares behave similarly to those that trade lighter
volume.
"E" stands for expansion of range. Often large moves and new legs
begin with an expansion in a stock's daily range, where buyers
overwhelm sellers (or vice versa). Further, since the nature of trends
is to thrust, pause, and thrust back in the direction of the underlying
trend, I'm looking for expansions out of pullbacks or consolidations.
The Process
There are many other tools in my trading kit. I encourage you to watch me trade - live, in real time - on my
web site The Technical Trader.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
The extremeness of that October-November rally was illustrated by the fact that the Nasdaq 100 advanced from
under 800 in the beginning of October to the 1155 area at the end of November, a 360-point gain in less than
YOUR DAILY
two months, or about 40%. If you draw lines across the lows starting in mid-October and then across the same
MARKET
tops you get a near parallel channel. Channel breaks can also help predict market tops and bottoms. After
GUIDE
moving 360 points, the Nasdaq 100 gapped up to the top of that channel and then the next hour came down
sharply. In other words, it reached resistance at the top of the channel by gapping up into it, or what we call an
exhausting gap, and then the next hour came down sharply, which triggered a sell-off that was followed by 10
Your
days of selling as of the close on Friday, December 13.
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Not surprisingly, we had a snapback rally that saw the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 gain more than 25% in a
period of just three weeks. That led me to indicate were now in an overbought environment, at least short-term
(1 week to 1 month), as the McClellan Oscillator reached its highest, most overbought reading since October
1998. When the Oscillator reaches extreme readings, it can reflect an overbought (extreme positive reading) or
oversold (extreme negative reading) condition, the latter generally in the area of -100 and below. (View table of
McClellan Oscillator data.) Sure enough we peaked in late August and pulled back.
On the rally after the pullback I was looking for the market to at most double-top on the S&P 500 and on the
Nasdaq 100, and perhaps not even do that. One of the patterns I noticed in early September was a head-and-
shoulder top forming on these indices’ hourly charts. This meant we could top out at the shoulder and not
double-top at the head, which is exactly what we did.
The Nasdaq 100 broke the bottom of that channel and then on three different occasions over the next two days
got right up to that line. It also got up to the declining 40-day moving average and to the mid-channel resistance,
all three basically converging at one point, and then failed on Thursday December 12. On Friday it gapped down
and followed through to the downside to make a new low for the move, and also broke short-term support in the
1020-25. That led me to believe we might go down to test the double-bottom we had at the end of October and
mid-November at around 970-75 in the ensuing few days.
These are some of the ways I gauge market extremes. This assists me in timing investments, particularly in my
Intermediate-term Model Portfolio, which is up more than 50% since July. Certainly, good stock picking is key,
but gauging turns in intermediate-term market trends can minimize draw-downs and accelerate returns.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
Let me use the example of Neoware (NWRE) to illustrate this basing and breakout phenomenon. After
declining about 90% from its bull-market high around 10 to about 1, Neoware based out for a couple years
and broke out in December 2001 on big volume. Once previous resistance around 2.25-.50 was broken on
volume, the stock was off to the races on a bullish trend.
We named Neoware one of our top Charts of the Week back in February at around $7 even though it had
gained so much so fast because the up-channel after the long period of basing appeared strongly intact.
Also, as you can't see from the chart, the stock had previous highs of around 10 established in 1996, 1997,
and again 2000 that it looked destined to approach. It bounced around and slightly above 10 several times
in the March-April period and once more in May and after breaking through it again in June it hasn't looked
back.
All of this in a market that has been abysmal, which helps explain why I care more about, and can better
forecast, individual chart patterns than I can the market.
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Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
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REVIEWING THE ART OF SHORT SELLING
Tactics TRADING
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Resources By Mark Boucher From
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5. Debt -- must have some, the more the better, over 100%
ideal.(Max. Fuel >99.)
Over the last decade, our short criteria have helped us to:
1) determine when the U.S. market is starting to weaken as these
stocks usually begin to accelerate down just before a broad market;
4) take half profits on 40% decline from entry and then begin using
any high with six lower highs surrounding it as trailing stop;
5) on every new low use ops above correction high as trailing stop;
6) exit if Relative Strength rank or EPS rank ever move above 50 from
below it;
Although the odds are now tilting toward the current (5/00)
environment being a bear market, I am not solidly convinced that
we are there yet. It would take new closing lows in the Nasdaq, S&P
and Dow below their respective February-March lows before I will be
fully convinced that we are in another leg down of an ongoing bear
market. I would also like to see at least a week of consistent 20+
number of stocks on our Bottom RS/EPS New Lows list, and a much
higher concentration of valid breakdowns in stocks on these new lows
list. Similarly, I would like to see a large concentration of specific
industries dominate the new lows lists. If we get all these factors
coming together, than for the first time since 1994, investors will need
to look for and allocate more capital to short selling.
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TRAILING STOP TECHNIQUES
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Resources By Mark Boucher From
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Most investors and traders spend far too much time focusing on how to enter a stock and far too
little time focusing on how to best exit a profitable position. What is particularly interesting regarding
YOUR DAILY this neglect is that most traders make the vast majority of their profits in a year from just one to five trades
MARKET that move substantially in their favor. Thus most traders would actually do better to focus in on how to better
GUIDE exit heavily profitable trades than they would to further refine their entry techniques. I would like to briefly go
over some of our best "trailing stop" techniques to help traders learn how to exit profitable trades much more
profitably. We use a number of trailing stop techniques, but the simple rules of thumb we present here
should greatly enhance the trading of most investors. Your
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to
Featuring PATIENT INITIALLY, CAUTIOUS WHEN PRICEY
Successful
Short-Term Trading
The method we're going to briefly cover is used before a stock becomes overvalued:
Highly Effective
Market Strategies
Interactive -- waiting for the breakout of a three- to four-week or longer consolidation and
Trading 3-D Charting Techniques
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-- putting stops below the low of that consolidation after you've just entered a stock (as long as it is not
PICKS, CHARTS, More Info
becoming overpriced on a price/earnings basis)
SCANS, IDEAS &
PROFITS
Check out This requires patience for the first quarter of a move after you've entered a stock (first 50 or so bars
MORNING after a trade on any timeframe). However, when a stock starts to get a PE ratio that is both higher than its HRE SPOTLIGHT
TRADER historical high PE and above its forward one-to-three year growth rate projected by Wall Street analysts, then
NOW! it is potentially becoming overvalued, and investors should tighten up trailing stops much more aggressively. Technical
and Analysis
EVERY MARKET Once a stock becomes overvalued, it is generally in a blow-off. A blow-off can last from weeks to Masters
DAY! months, and occasionally years - so the trick is to stick with a stock for as long as it is likely to continue
running up, no matter how high the price and PE. This is the essence of attempting to let profits run.
Jeff Cooper
Thus,when a stock rises to a PE ratio that is both higher than its historical high PE and above its projected
(by consensus analysts) growth rate for the next one to three years, we use a different technique than the
Powerful Tools one we used before the stock becomes overvalued. When a stock becomes overvalued, we watch for any
for Traders decline in the close for two days in a row. Once we have a two-day in a row decline in the close, we consider
that stock to be in a "reaction". Once a stock is in a reaction, we wait for it to recover to new highs. On any
new high following a reaction, we will then move our trailing stop to the low of that reaction -- and we'll keep
moving it up in this manner on every reaction and subsequent new high. In this way we are still waiting for a
fairly significant support point to be broken on the downside before exiting a stock, but we are moving our
stops up much more aggressively than is the case prior to the stock becoming overvalued.
Adobe (ADBE) broke out to new 52-week highs in March, 1999, and then developed a nice, tight trading
range from late-March to mid-April, creating just the type of flag pattern we like to watch for an entry signal. It
was exhibiting strong relative strength, strong EPS rank, strong quarterly earnings growth, had very strong
earnings growth estimates for the next year, was the leader in its field, and was being re-accumulated by
funds--meaning that it met most of our criteria for a runaway stock with fuel to go much higher.
When the four-week consolidation was broken to the upside in April (near the 30 level) we started
buying ADBE for clients, it started appearing on our Tradehard.com list of new highs, and it appeared in
our Portfolio Strategy Letter (PSL) model portfolio in the April edition. The first trading range of three-four
weeks following our entry occurred in May, when ADBE declined from 40.53 to 33 1/2, a fairly large dip. In
June, ADBE broke out of this consolidation to new highs, and we instigated our first trailing stop rule, using
trailing stop at 33, and we were finally able to "lock in" a profit by having our stop above our entry price.
Other three-to-four-week-plus consolidations developed in July-August and in August-September, allowing
us to again raise our stops via the three-to-four-week-plus consolidation and new high rule.
Then in October ADBE took off and began to trade above a P/E of 40. Forty had been a high P/E for the
last three years and was above earnings growth estimates for the next two years after the one-year spike in
earnings expected in 1999. This meant ADBE was potentially becoming overvalued, and was potentially
undergoing a blow-off in price. Thus in October we began to use our tighter trailing stop method on ADBE.
Every time ADBE made a two-day-in-a-row decline and then later broke to new highs, we would move our
stop below the low of that reaction.
On Nov. 1 and 2 ADBE made a two-day in a row decline. On Nov. 4 ADBE bottomed at 67 1/8 and then
made a new high on 11/8. This was nothing close to a three-week-plus consolidation, but since we were in
potentially overvalued territory, we used an open protective stop (OPS) at 66 3/4 (just below 67 1/8). The
stock continued to explode to 79 before collapsing, and we were stopped out via our 66 3/4 OPS in early-
December as ADBE began a decline to the 50's.While we didn't catch the top perfectly, we caught the lion's
share of this nice move, and we caught more of the move by using a trailing stop than we would have had
we just began selling the position in October, when it first began to look overvalued.
Our final example is a foreign stock traded on the NASDAQ, Business Objects (BOBJ). In mid-June,
BOBJ broke out of a two-month consolidation on the upside on a high-volume thrust and lap. It showed
strong RS, exploding earnings growth, increasing-but-low ownership by funds, and other elements of our
runaway criteria. We began buying BOBJ near the 30 level, and put it into our PSL model portfolio in June.
BOBJ made a new high in July, corrected to the 37 level, and then consolidated for two months before
making a new 52-week high again - which allowed us to move our trailing stops to just below 37 where we
locked in a profit via our trailing stops.
BOBJ took off on a runaway up-move, and in November it moved above a P/E of 90 (its projected
earnings growth for the next year and a historic PE high). Thus in November we switched to our tighter
trailing stop technique. On 1/6/00 BOBJ hit our stop at 115, below the Dec. 14, 1999 lows, and we took some
very healthy profits.
In Conclusion
Remember no trailing stop technique is perfect. Trailing stops will often take you out of a stock that ends
up moving further in the desired direction. But even more often, the trailing stop will prevent you from letting
your open profits erode substantially in a stock that has peaked for a considerable period of time. You can
always re-enter a stock if it meets your criteria on a new breakout. Trailing stops therefore not only help you
to let your profits run and prevent you from giving back huge portions of open profit, but they also help you to
focus your trading capital on vehicles that are moving up strongly, right now, and exit those that are in
prolonged corrections.
YOUR DAILY This early 30 minute range is something we watch for the duration of the day and a trade is triggered on the
MARKET first break of the high and/or low. The question that follows the break of this range is, do you play for
GUIDE continuation of the break or a reversal following the break? This means, once the break of this range occurs
will you look to enter in the direction of the break, or wait for a chance to play the reversal of the break.
This is determined prior to the break occurring so you know what to look for once the break triggers. It is Your
important to identify several things prior to the breakout to alert to whether you should play for continuation Original Guide
or reversal. There are several steps to identifying and playing this setup and I will list and discuss them. to
Featuring Successful
Short-Term Trading
Identifying the breakout- Things to look for prior to the break of the range:
Highly Effective
Market Strategies
Interactive ● Prior days action, last 90 minutes of the day - If you notice a lot of consolidation in the final 60-90
and
Trading minutes of the prior day be more apt to look for a continuation upon range break. 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks ● Width of 30 minute range - If you see a wide range bar as the first 30-minute bar, which is larger Get
PICKS, CHARTS, than the average of prior 5-10 days then be on alert for possible reversal play and a narrow range More Info
SCANS, IDEAS & bar will suggest likelihood of a continuation.
PROFITS ● Location of moving averages - Look for location of the 20 period ma's on 15,30 and 60 minute
Check out charts, if they are above the high or below the low be on alert for possible reversals if high is broken
MORNING under major ma for example.
TRADER
NOW!
What you really want to see is a group of clear signals when taking this trade. A narrow early range,
and consolidation from prior days 14:30-16:00 period, and no moving averages in the way of a continuation
EVERY MARKET move. If you get 2 out of 3 that is usually fine and when no clear signal is present a reversal of the break is
DAY!
more likely.
Now that we have discussed what to look for we can move on to how to play the trade.
● Entry is taken above the high for longs and below the low for short entries. The stop should be
at the other end of the range meaning to stop out a break of the other end of the range must occur. If
this is too wide for your taste, you may move down 1 timeframe and make your stop at the low of the
prior bar on the 15-minute chart for longs and above the prior 15-minute bar for shorts. If this were
still too wide for you I would advise passing on the trade, altering the stops arbitrarily would affect the
outcome.
● Once you have entered on the break, the target for the trade is approximately the same distance
as the stop, to as much as 1.5 X the stop. If the range of the 30-minute bar was .20, then your target
should be .20-.30 from entry. You can also use a trailing stop by moving your stop with the 15 minute
bars and using a pivot to exit, I would only do this once the trade has gone at least .10 in your favor.
Only move the stop to breakeven once the trade has gone in your favor at least 75% of the
established target. If looking for .20 target, then move stop to B/E once it has traveled .15 for
example. ( targets and stops based on 2002 average moves )
How to play the reversal - When to enter and exit on playing the reversal of the 30-minute breakout:
As discussed above, you would like to see clear signals when taking the trade in the direction of the
breakout, but when little or no clear signals are present I look to play for a reversal of the breakout. Whether
the early range is too wide, a strong move occurred into the close the prior day, or there are moving
averages in the way, a reversal will not give you as much profit as a continuation most times, but is a very
easy trade to enter and the stop will be very clear as well as profit target achievable. Below is a list of how to
play the reversal.
● Wait for the 30-minute range to be established - Make sure the signal is as unclear as possible
for chance of continuation ( signals discussed above )of the break because you are basically betting
the continuation will fail.
● The 30-minute range needs to break by at least .05 for the reversal to become viable. If the
range is 24.25 - 24.55 then you want the price to print above 24.59 to begin looking for a reversal.
● The entry is taken on the first 5-minute pivot following the break of the range. For a short, I am
looking for a break of the low of the prior bar on the 5-minute chart ( a pivot ) to enter short, and will
place a stop over the high of the day, vice versa for a long.
● The target is generally 1/2 of the move prior to the reversal, meaning look at the move that has
occurred prior to the reversal setting up. You can look for a larger move by trailing the stop with the
15-minute chart using a pivot ( break of prior bar ) for exit.
This is generally my first trade the day and should be held for either stop or target and a typical holding
period may last from 10 minutes to 2 hours.
Often time's news may affect this play, as it will cause the break of the range to occur. In this case, either
pass on the trade or extend the range period to 35 minutes and make the break occur of the range created
for at least 5 minutes after the news occurred. Best bet is pass on the trade.
A wide range bar in the first 30 minutes may also be the result of a possible trend day to come. Before
playing for the reversal when this is your main factor please look at the daily chart and see if a trend day is
likely. For example, the day after a NR7, or inside day. Also, look for a possible daily breakout from the day
before that may encourage a trend day. Just something extra to be on alert for.
One final note on this play. Some days there will be two breaks of this range, meaning that early in the
morning the high of the range may be violated while late in the day a move to the lows may cause a break of
the low of this range to occur. In this case you would play the break of the low the same way you played the
break of the high. If it was played as a reversal then play the low the same way. When the break occurs
does not matter as far as time of the day. I would avoid breaks that occur after 15:30, as it does not allow
enough time for the trade to play out.
You will notice the above charts are of the NQ or Nasdaq 100 e-mini futures. These setups are mirrored for
that vehicle as it tracks the NDX 100 the same way as the QQQ.
If you use this instrument instead of the QQQ you can substitute .05 for 2 NQ points in the above setups.
This means where a .20 target is used you may substitute an 8 point NQ target. The charts are also in 5-
minute intervals instead of 30 minute to illustrate the activity at time of setup.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
Pivoting out also takes the guesswork out of exiting, as you are simply looking for the short-term directional
change to occur to promote the exiting of a position. For example if short off of a major resistance level I will
often wait for the 15-minute chart to show a pivot prior to exiting the position. This allows for me to ride the
gain to maximum level for my trading style. Generally the rule to use is to look one timeframe lower than
entry. If I took a trade off of a 30-minute chart I will then use a pivot on the 15-minute for exit. Many traders
don't switch timeframes while in a trade but I find that it offers a much clearer picture for intra-day trading.
Below is an example of pivoting out. First the entry, taken below Inside Range Bar.
Now below is the exit using the "pivot out" approach on the 30-minute chart based on entry taken from the
above 60-minute chart.
In the above examples you can see from first chart, entry is taken when the inside range bar is broken to the
downside. Then, using the pivot out approach, one would exit when the first pivot occurs on the 30-minute
chart.
Exiting Into Expansion
Exiting into expansion is a way to exit when things are going in your favor in a dramatic fashion. This is the
method of choice generally late in a short-term trend when things are likely to "blow off ". This exit works
best in late trend breakouts from contraction. In other words, when price contracts and then breaks out of
the contracted range, slow movement occurs at first, this often turns into a euphoric move that is best exited
into, as opposed to being held for further development.
When exiting a trade into an expansion move there are a few things to look for. First, look for an expansion
bar that will generally be more than twice as wide as any of the preceding bars in the most recent sequence.
Second, look for a sudden increase in volume. Third, begin to look ahead for possible support/resistance
level that the bar may expand into. Having a target in mind will often aid in your decision on where to exit.
Exit can be taken in two places using this method. First target for exit is the targeted support/resistance
zone that is to be looked for once the range begins to expand. The second area for exit is upon completion
of the bar. For example a 30-minute expansion bar closes on the ½ hour. Using one of these two areas for
exit using the expansion approach will often allow you to exit a trade at an extreme top or bottom.
Below is an example of an expansion bar exit. Entry is taken once range is cleared, then exit is taken into
wide range bar.
The three exit strategies outlined above are the three ways I will generally look exit a position. These are all
meant for intra-day trading but also offer some techniques that can be used on much wider timeframes.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
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20 Golden Rules
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INTRODUCTION TO VOLATILITY
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Traders are never far from the concept of volatility--either in the markets or on the
news. We hear about it all the time: Day traders are advised that volatility is their best
YOUR DAILY friend when it comes to intraday trading opportunities, while long-term investors are
MARKET forever warned to hold tight and weather the most recent period of volatility until things
GUIDE settle down again. It's no wonder many traders have trouble understanding what
volatility really means and how it affects their trading.
Your
To better understand this crucial aspect of trading, first we will look at what
Original Guide
volatility represents, its inherent features and a simple way of measuring it. We'll also
to
Featuring look at general ways of applying these concepts to the markets. In future articles, we’ll
Successful
look at more complex volatility measurements and more specific trading techniques.
Short-Term Trading
Volatility has certain inherent features: cyclicity, persistency and mean reversion.
Powerful Tools
Although they might initially sound intimidating, again, the concepts are actually quite
for Traders
simple.
Volatility is cyclical: Volatility tends to run in cycles, increasing and peaking out, then
decreasing until it bottoms out and begins the process all over again. Many traders HRE SPOTLIGHT
believe volatility is more predictable than price (because of this cyclical characteristic)
and have developed models to capitalize on this phenomena. Technical
Analysis
Volatility is persistent: Persistency is simply the ability of volatility to follow through Masters
from one day to the next, suggesting the volatility that exists today will likely to exist
Complete 7- tomorrow. That is, if the market is highly volatile today, it will most likely be volatile
Jeff Cooper
Bells Scans tomorrow; conversely, if the market not volatile today it will likely not be volatile
and More tomorrow. By the same token, if volatility is increasing today, it will likely continue to
Info increase tomorrow, and if volatility is decreasing today, it will likely continue to decrease
tomorrow.
Volatility tends to revert to the mean: Someone once asked me to describe reversion
to the mean (average) in as simple terms as possible. My reply was if you know
someone who’s normally “mean” and then their nice to you for a few days, chances are
they’ll revert back to being mean.
Seriously, this concept simply means that volatility has a tendency to revert back
to more average or normal levels when it reaches a high or low extreme. Once a
market hits an extreme high in volatility, it will likely revert back to the mean--that is,
volatility will fall back to more normal or average levels. Conversely, once volatility hits
an extremely low level, it will likely rise to more normal (or average) levels. It’s like a
rubber band: when stretched so far, it tends to snap back.
The above concepts are illustrated in Figure 1. Notice the cyclical characteristic of
volatility. It tends to oscillate back and forth between periods of low volatility and periods
of high volatility. It tends to persist (follow through). Days of increasing volatility (a) tend
to be followed by days of increasing volatility (b). Conversely, days of decreasing
volatility (c) tend to be followed by days of decreasing volatility (d). Finally, it tends to
revert back to its mean--that is, periods of extremely high volatility (e) tend to be
followed by moves to more normal or average levels (f). Conversely, periods of
extremely low volatility (g) tend to be followed by periods of more normal or average
volatility (h).
Measuring Volatility
Because more volatile markets often gap higher or lower overnight, the true range,
developed by Welles Wilder, provides a more accurate measurement of volatility
because it accounts for overnight gaps in its calculation. This concept is illustrated in
Figure 2. Because the range for only one day doesn’t provide much information, the true
range can be averaged over a period of time (say two weeks). This average true range
gives you a better feel for volatility over time.
Here we measured volatility by taking the 10-day average true range (ATR). Again,
notice the cyclical nature of volatility. It tends to cycle from periods of high volatility to
periods of low volatility. It tends to persist, periods of increasing volatility (a) tend to be
followed by periods of increasing volatility (b). Conversely, periods of decreasing
volatility (c) tend to be followed by periods of decreasing volatility (d). Also, notice that it
tends to revert back to its mean. That is, periods of extremely low volatility (e) tend to be
followed by higher or more normal (average) levels of volatility (f). Conversely, periods
of high volatility (g) tend to be followed by periods of lower or more normal or average
(h) levels of volatility.
Summing Up
Volatility measures the changes in price of a market over a given time period. The
average true range of a market provides a simple way of calculating volatility. Markets
that are generally volatile offer potentially larger profits with the trade off of increased
risk. Volatility has a few important characteristics: cyclicity, persistency and reversion to
the mean. These concepts can be used to help determine which markets offer the
highest potential for profits, when a large move is likely to occur and when the move
may be over.
In parts two and three of this series, we’ll expand upon these concepts using historical
volatility, a more mathematically complex but useful way of measuring volatility. We’ll
show how it can be used to find (or avoid) highly volatile markets, determine realistic
points to set initial protective stops and to find markets that are likely to explode or enter
a low-volatility congestion period.
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The moving average is probably one of the most used and possibly overused
indicators in the financial markets. In the first of this three-part series we will look at the
YOUR DAILY calculation and comparison of simple, exponential and weighted moving averages.
MARKET
GUIDE
Simple Moving Average
An average is simply the sum of a data set divided by the number of data points. Let's look Your
at a set of grades. Suppose Johnny earns the following grades: Original Guide
to
Featuring Successful
67 77 80 82 85
Short-Term Trading
His average would be the sum of the grades divided by the number of tests: Highly Effective
Market Strategies
Interactive
and
Trading (67 + 77 + 80 + 82 + 85)/5 = 391/5 = 78.20 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks Get
PICKS, CHARTS, Now suppose on his next test he scores a 90. If we took a 5-day "moving" average of his More Info
SCANS, IDEAS & grades we would drop off his oldest grade (67) and add in his newest grade (90) and then
PROFITS
divide by 5. This is illustrated in Figure 1. Notice how the average "moves" from the oldest 5
Check out data points to the newest 5 data points, hence the name "moving average."
MORNING HRE SPOTLIGHT
TRADER
NOW!
Technical
and Analysis
EVERY MARKET Masters
DAY!
Jeff Cooper
Powerful Tools
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Complete 7-
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Info
Figure 1: A 5-Period Simple Moving Average. Notice how the average "moves" from the
oldest 5 periods to the newest 5 periods.
An Exponential Moving Average (EMA) takes a percentage of today's price and adds in
the prior day's exponential moving average times 1 minus that percentage. For
instance, suppose you wanted a 10% EMA. You would take today's price and multiply it by
10% then add that figure to the prior day's EMA multiplied by the remaining percent:
Because most people think in terms of days (time periods) versus percentages, the
following formula can be used to determine the percentage to be used in the calculation:
So if you wanted a 20 period EMA you would use 9.52% (2/(20+1)) as your percentage
for the calculation.
As usual, I strongly suggest that you have a computer do all the work, since the EMA is
available in virtually all charting packages. I have yet to meet a trader that does these
calculations by hand. As you can see, by nature of its calculation, the EMA gives more weight
to the recent periods. This brings us to our next type of moving average: the weighted moving
average.
The theory behind a weighted moving average (WMA) is that the recent data is more
relevant than past data. Therefore, it puts more "weight" on the recent data and less weight
on the older data. To calculate it, you take the number of periods you wish to analyze and that
becomes the weight for today's price. Yesterday's price would use today's weight -1 and so
on and so forth for the number of periods. You then divide the sum of the weighted prices by
the sum of the weights.
For example, suppose we took the last five "grades" we used in our first example and
calculated a 5-period WMA. The calculation would be as follows:
Figure 2: Calculation of a Weighted Moving Average. The number of periods (in this
case 5) becomes the "weight" for today. The weight for the remaining days is reduced by
1 until the last day is found. Therefore, the most recent period gets the highest weight and
the oldest period gets the smallest. The summed weighted prices are then divided by the
sum of the weights
Again, I strongly suggest that you have your computer do all the work.
The simple moving average gives equal weight to all data points. By nature, it is the
"true" average. The exponential and weighted moving averages give the most recent data
points the highest rankings or "weightings". Therefore, the simple moving average tends to
lag (by representing all data points equally) the exponential and weighted moving averages
during large price changes. However, during "normal" or "flat" markets the differences
become negligible. This is illustrated in figure 3.
Figure 3: March 2000 Bonds with 50-day Simple, Exponential and Weighted Moving
Averages. Notice during "normal" or "flat" markets the averages tend to run together
(a). However, once the market begins to make sharp moves (b) and (c) the EMA and
WMA tends to catch up to price faster while the Simple Moving Average tends to lag.
Deciding between the types of moving averages really becomes a matter of personal
preference. Normally when you hear talk of moving averages, in the media it normally refers
to simple moving averages. Therefore, due to widespread focus on these numbers, it's
important to give them consideration. The 50- and 200-day (simple) moving averages are
most commonly used here. As a trader, especially during large price moves, you might
consider experimenting with exponential or weighted moving averages.
Looking Ahead
Now that we've defined the different types of moving averages we can focus on
characteristics of the indicator and strategies. In part two we'll look at these
characteristics and general uses of moving averages. We'll touch upon the fact that
"conventional wisdom" regarding moving averages is often wrong. Finally, in part three we'll
look at specific strategies and set-ups involving moving averages.
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In the first part of this series we looked at the calculation and differences between
exponential, weighted and simple moving averages. In this second installment, we’ll look
YOUR DAILY at the characteristics of moving averages and general uses.
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Drop-Off Effect
In the first installment of this series, we discussed a set of hypothetical grades Your
that a student earned. They were 67, 77, 80, 82, and 85. The average of these Original Guide
(67+77+80+82+85)/5 equated to 78.20. We then added in a new score of 90 and to
Featuring "dropped off" the old score of 67, thereby creating a five-day "moving" average. This is Successful
illustrated in Figure 1. Notice that the student’s performance jumped from 78.20 to Short-Term Trading
82.80. This, of course, was due in part because we added in a higher grade but is also
attributed to the fact that we dropped off the oldest grade. This grade also happened to Highly Effective
Market Strategies
Interactive be the worst. Therefore, by dropping off the oldest data point, moves in the moving
and
Trading average can often be exaggerated. This is known as the "drop-off effect". 3-D Charting Techniques
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Figure 1. Simple Moving Average. The increase in the average from 78.20 to 82.80 was due,
in part, to the older data being "dropped off".
The drop-off characteristic is actually quite useful when trailing stops as the
moving average catches up to the price. However, when used as a gauge for
performance, this characteristic should be considered.
As I've joked in prior articles, if you know someone who's mean but then nice for
a few days, chances are they'll revert back to being mean. That's the whole concept
behind reversion to the mean (average). Therefore, reversion to the mean is simply a
market's tendency to revert back to average levels once stretched to an extreme.
Referring to Chart 2, December Bonds, notice that at points (a) through (g) the market
reverts back to the average after being stretched. The problem is, you never know
exactly how far "stretched" can be. Notice that at points (f) and (g) the market moved to
more extreme levels before correcting. Nonetheless, the reversion to the mean
characteristic is useful for determining if a market is due for a correction.
Chart 2 December 1999 Bond Futures. Prices have a tendency to revert back to the mean
(average). Notice that once stretched, points (a) through (g), the price tends to revert back
to the average.
Now that we've defined the characteristics of moving averages, let’s look at
general ways to use them. Conventional wisdom states that you should buy a market
when the fast (short-term) moving average crosses above the slow (longer-term) moving
average and sell that market when the fast moving average crosses below the slow
moving average. Unless you're fortunate to catch a market right before a large trend
(and subsequently quit following this "system"), you will more than likely lose money with
this approach *. This is illustrated in chart 3, the cash S&P index. Notice that following
this method would occasionally catch a big trend (points (b) and (c)) but more often than
not you would lose money during the market’s whipsaw (points (a) and (d)). I’m not
saying that crossovers are completely worthless. My point is that they should be used as
a reference only and not as a purely mechanical system in and of itself.
Chart 3, Cash S&P Index-Using Moving Average Crossovers as Trading Signals. Large
trends such as points (b) and (c) are occasionally captured by using this system. However,
for the most part, the system will lose money due to the market’s whipsaw (points (a) and
(d)).
One of the least complex and possibly most useful ways to use a moving average
is to simply look at its slope. If the slope is rising then the market is in an uptrend. On
the other hand, if the slope is falling then the market is in a downtrend. This is illustrated
in Chart 4, March 2000 Coffee. Keep in mind that you can’t really base a system purely
on this approach but trading with the trend based on the slope of the moving average
may help keep you out of trouble.
Chart 4, March 2000 Coffee-Using the Slope of the Moving Average to Gauge Performance.
Although you probably can’t base a system solely on the moving average slope, a positive
slope suggests an uptrend while a negative slope suggests a downtrend.
Markets will often find support and resistance at the moving averages. For
instance, if a market is in an uptrend and begins to correct, it should not trade below its
immediate term moving average. For example, in stocks, the 50 day moving average
usually provides a good point of reference as it is watched by large traders and
institutions. Stocks should stay above the average and find support there during
corrections. This is illustrated in Chart 5, Cisco Systems. On the other hand, in
downtrends they should find resistance at the moving average during relief rallies.
Chart 5, Cisco Systems-Using the Moving Average as a Reference for Support. Notice that
the stock finds support at or near the 50-day simple moving average.
Looking Ahead
Now that we've defined the different types, characteristics, and uses of moving
averages we’re ready to look at more specific strategies involving moving averages. In
our third and final installment on moving averages, we’ll look at specific strategies
involving moving averages.In their defense, moving average crossovers did seem to
work before the widespread use of computers. You should, however, be suspect of any
newer books which discuss the technique as a viable mechanical system.
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In this third and final installment on moving averages, we will look at more
specific trading methods that seek to capitalize on their inherent features.
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Running Cup and Handle
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The cup-and-handle (1) is typically a major reversal pattern that often precedes
large rallies. It is formed when a stock sells off, bottoms, and then begins to rally, Your
creating a "cup." After the rally, the stock drifts lower, forming the "handle" of the pattern. Original Guide
According to William O'Neil, who popularized the pattern, the best cup-and-handle to
Featuring candidates are stocks that already have staged a strong rally. Successful
Short-Term Trading
One way to measure the “strong rally” would be to use the 50-day moving
Highly Effective
average. As long as a stock remains above the 50-day moving average, it can be Market Strategies
Interactive considered to be in an intermediate-term uptrend. Therefore, cup-and-handles that
and
Trading formed at or above the 50-day moving average are dubbed “running” as the market 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks continues to “run” while the pattern is formed. The theory is that it combines a Get
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Chart 1: Running Cup and Handle. Notice the cup forms at and above the 50-day moving
average. Source: The Tradehard Guide to Conquering the Markets.
Expansion Pivots
As mentioned above and in previous articles, the 50-day simple moving average
provides a point of reference for many institutions and large traders. Jeff Cooper
has observed that “a stock will trade around its 50-day moving average for a period of
time, and then without warning explode either to the upside or downside. This explosion
often follows through for at least a few days…”(2). His strategy looks for a wide-range
day that occurs in a stock that is trading at its 50-day moving average and then seeks to
enter a position in the direction of that expansion.
Chart 2: Expansion Pivots. This set-up looks to enter on follow-through after wide-range
movements at the 50-day moving average.
Holy Grail
Daylight Breakouts
Often, markets will trade around the moving average. They will have a slight rally (or
selloff) and then return to the moving average. This is known as reversion to the mean
(average) and has been discussed in previous articles. On occasion, the market will
break free and begin to trend away from the moving average. While looking for a long-
term trend-following system for the commodities markets, I notice that these trends or
breakouts from the moving averages are often preceded by a period of at least two
days, where the lows (for uptrends) or highs (for downtrends) fail to touch the moving
average. This “gap” above and below the moving average was dubbed “daylight” by a
fellow trader as you could see “daylight” in-between the price bar and the moving
average. The original system, The 2/20-Day EMA Breakout System(3), used a 20-day
exponential moving average and is described below in figure 1. Once the entry
qualifications were met, a buy entry was placed above the two-bar high. Short sales are
reversed. Setups for the pattern are shown in Chart 6, February 2000 Gold Comex.
Figure 1: The 2/20 EMA set-up. Source: Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities,
December 1996 Issue.
Chart 4: February Comex Gold. Notice the 2/20 EMA Breakouts (or “Daylight” Breakouts)
requires the market to trade above the two-bar high of the set-up for longs and below the
two-bar low for shorts. If the market fails to pass these points then there is no trade.
In the first part of the series we defined the different types of moving averages.
These included the simple, weighted and exponential moving averages. These different
types of averages essentially behaved the same except in strong trends and breakouts
when the weighted and exponential moving averages tended to “catch up” faster to
current prices. In Part II, we looked at the characteristics of moving averages such as
reversion-to-the-mean and the drop-off effect. We also looked at general uses which
included support/resistance or reference points and using the slope of the moving
average to measure trend. Finally, we showed more specific set-ups which seek to
capitalize on these features.
So which moving average or set-up is best? It all boils down to personal preference
and trading style. I encourage you to study the different types of moving averages and
the above set-ups. Modify them to your liking or create your own methods.
YOUR DAILY
Like no other method, Tape Reading deals with reality itself
MARKET
allowing traders to see market moving forces in action and to
GUIDE
judge which one prevails at that moment. It provides us with a look
into what other players try to hide and then allows us to separate
reality from our perception. The best example of this is as old as the
Your
Wall Street situation of “selling on news”. There are numerous
Original Guide
examples of “XYZ is selling on such a great news.” Tape Reading
to
Featuring shows why and how it happens. This tells you when you should
Successful
expect non-conventional action on the stock and how to exploit it.
Short-Term Trading
Tape Reading deals with two major categories of market players. Highly Effective
Market Strategies
Interactive They are the Smart Money and the Public. You can replace these old and
Trading terms with any pair you like (big guys and small time traders, insiders 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks and online traders, institutions and retail traders, etc). However, the Get
PICKS, CHARTS, core of market events is the same. Tape Reading is a method of More Info
SCANS, IDEAS & analyzing which side is doing what at that moment. Analysis is done
PROFITS by observing the only, and ultimately, truthful indicators of Price and
Check out Volume Action.
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Tape Reading does not always answer all our questions. In the
NOW!
stock market, nothing does. The stock market has no single ultimate
and answer. Otherwise this answer would already have been discovered
EVERY MARKET and the market would have ceased to exist. There is no way price
DAY!
would ever change if traders knew the exact situation. Furthermore,
any absolute method, once discovered by someone, could not be kept
a secret for others.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
YOUR DAILY
Keeping your emotions in control, you are choosing to change
MARKET
your mental state to optimal for trading and winning. Your heart is
GUIDE
not racing, pulse is not pounding, fear is not interfering with your
ability to make effective decisions, thinking is clear on any stage of
any trade you take. A trader that experiences strong emotions loses
Your
the ability to see the reality of the trade. Beginners often feel euphoria
Original Guide
when they papertrade with, lets say, 80% accuracy. Unfortunately,
to
Featuring when money is on the line, they are under so much pressure, they
Successful
couldn’t tell the time of day. The money is too important to them. Yes,
Short-Term Trading
we live in real World and have to pay bills, but this must be
psychologically separated from the trading and actions we take. Highly Effective
Trading is far more profitable and fun when you are not focusing on Market Strategies
Interactive
money. And trading is far more than just making money. You define a and
Trading 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks winning trade and when you see the pattern or setup, you take the
Get
trade - easily, without hesitation, feeling good about it. You work the
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SCANS, IDEAS & trade right and the money comes as reward for the job well done.
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Check out What makes the difference between a winning trader and a losing
MORNING trader? More knowledge, bigger account, better computer, faster
TRADER connection? All above are very important but not crucial. The ability to
NOW! take action is. But here we have another conflict. In daytrading the
and price patterns form very quickly and require a disciplined, automatic
EVERY MARKET response on trading signals. A disadvantage of a real-time data feed
DAY! is the compulsion to overtrade. The constant price changes and the
dancing indicators strike for action. The flashing neon of Las Vegas
exists for a purpose. Quickly responding to signals and a deep need
for action when you really should not take a trade must be dealt with
by every daytrader. Another problem is not taking action at all , even
Powerful Tools when valid signals tell you probabilities are on your side. Not taking
for Traders action simply means you are not in the game. For some reason you
believe that not taking a trade will be less painful than taking it. The
truth is : if you want to be a trader, you must trade, you must change
yourself from fearing to take a trade to cold-blooded readiness to
react on valid signal. Working toward your goals and dreams, not
sitting and doing nothing.
Traders that manage to Master the game and maintain right state
of mind will tell you about interesting thing. One day when some
critical mass of experience is reached, amazing transition will happen.
Wonderful state comes, which marks the highest possible stage of
trader's development:
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
YOUR DAILY
MARKET
GUIDE
Featuring
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Trading
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The key to trading on a short term time frame is always keeping the larger time frame
trend in mind. Looking above at the larger time frame, the 90 minute charts for the DIA, QQQ
& SPY we notice that all 3 had traded down into a support zone.
From the pivot highs of all 3 indexes, the SPY & QQQ retraced back down to just above
the GAP zone & into their 20 period exponential moving averages and the DIA traded into its
20 period exponential moving average & also a lower trendline of its bull flag for the 90
minute chart.
Looking at the short term time frame, the 5 minute charts for the same 3 stocks, QQQ DIA
& SPY where in a downtrend for most of the day, allowing short term scalping opportunities
to the downside on every retracement to the 20 period exponential moving average.
The 20 period exponential moving average is used as a short term support and resistance
in a trending market., Notice how on both the larger time frame charts above used the 20
ema as support where as the 5 min charts below used it as resistance.
Understanding the use of multiple time frames allows a trader to see both the both the
short term & long term term trends & how support & resistance become factors for key
turning points.
Price support/resistance are the result of pivot highs & lows, GAP open & Gap close
are also considered price support & as stated above, the 20 ema is considered moving
average support/resistance.
When watching the 3 indexes ( DIA, QQQ & SPY), one key to finding turning points is to
watch for divergence's, this allows for entries on a short term time frame & leads to powerful
moves using larger time frame supports. Risk is kept to a minimum because the entries are
based on a short term time frame.
Below you could see the same 3 indexes (DIA QQQ & SPY), BUT notice how the DIA &
SPY tested to NEW lows & the QQQ put in a higher low on the final push down into support
on the 90 min. charts giving a buy divergence on the 5 minute chart.
As you could see above, all 3 indexes had been in a downtrend on the 5 minute charts &
confirmation of the buy divergence came at a break above the blue trendline.
When watching for turning points in the markets, timing is critical, watching the higher
time frame supports & resistance levels is key on higher time frames as your entry is on the
short term time frame, price divergence on the indexes is one key factor to determining entry
signals.
This is one way to time the markets with a low risk entry is by using a protective stop loss
at the last recent pivot low of the short term time frame.
Profit exits are determined by the goal of the trader & the time frame used, a 5 minute
chart would give exits at resistance's above from the intraday pivot highs from the downtrend
for scalping opportunities where as a 90 minute chart would give exits at its pivot highs on
that time frame or in the case of these charts, a retest of the last swing high of the 90 minute
charts above. Criteria for short entries is the reverse of the above information.
Non Confirmation Days are typically non trending environments, The DIA & SPY will trend to
new highs in the examples are shown below & give false hope to many buyers, where as the 3rd
Interactive index, the QQQ has no intention to trade any higher than giving a half hearted attempt to correct
Trading back up from its last swing down.
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PICKS, CHARTS, This type of price action is considered non confirmation, & also considered a price
SCANS, IDEAS & divergence, a price divergence is when 2 or more indexes do not confirm the direction of each
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The DIA (DOW)- As shown in the example below had a beautiful rally from 12:00 PM time
NOW! frame & around the 2pm time frame took our its intraday highs & was breaking out of its range.
and
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The SPY (SP500) also like the DIA above had a rally from the same time frame & it also took
out its intraday highs. (Notice at the 12:00 bottom the price divergence on all 3 indexes? The DIA
and SPY made a retest down only & the QQQ made new lows on the day by several bars, , that
is an another form of non confirmation, price divergence )
The 3rd index QQQ (NASDAQ) gave a very weak attempt at a rally when the 2 other indexes
where making new highs, this was a short signal, many times a trader will notice that the weaker
index will have a bear flag pattern, or a rising channel. This divergence also comes at the upper
part of a range on a much larger time frame daily chart that has been consolidating & when the
markets are in a consolidation, non confirmation setups are more expressed & very clear at times
as we have in the examples.
CIEN is just one stock of many that where emulating the NASDAQ Index-QQQ & where
tradable just as the indexes or QQQ are tradable, notice the powerful move down as a result of
the index (QQQ) & stocks such as CIEN did not confirm, soon as the DIA & SPY went &made
new intraday highs, this was a spot to short the markets. As the person watching the rerun of the
game & knowing the score before it happens, the trader that understands this pattern also
understands the score at the end of the trading day.
Criteria for buys is the reverse of the examples above.
Complete 7-
Bells Scans When a new trader comes to the market place, ready to trade
and More stocks, this is the mindset that most of them have. And it's a good
reason that many do not stick around for too long. They trade, making
Info trades, winning and losing, with no effort at all. If they are winning
more in the beginning, they believe trading is easy, a piece of cake.
How could anything be so hard? You just buy here, and sell there It's
not until a string of losses, or one great loss, begins to redefine their
thought process. If the trader loses and loses, their belief is that
trading is impossible, no one can do it. Once they begin a string of
winners, or a big win, then their belief begins to change, thinking that
maybe it is possible. Notice how we had an initial belief, based on
some criteria, or string of memories, that created it. Once a different
criteria was placed in the experience pool, the belief was somehow
distorted or changed. From my personal example.
Changing My Belief
The difference? I traded with no effort from the beginning with the
lack of fear because I had nothing to tell me there is something to
fear. A margin call instills fear. I learned risk and management
principles, as well as develop my inner self to trading. Now I have
nothing to fear again. I don't feel the market can ever take more from
me than I'm willing to allow it. It’s interesting how a beginner and an
experienced trader, can have the same belief, with a separate
understanding of the same market.
The major point about this: the beginner's beliefs about trading are
based on "the market making and taking his money". The experienced
trader knows that it's "himself" that is accountable for his trading and
the money he risks and makes on each individual trade. The beginner
will never be able to progress to a professional unless he changes this
belief, that trading is about you and your accountability, and has
nothing to do with what the market "does to you". There are two more
beliefs that I feel are major and then one or two minor ones that I want
to discuss.
"I'll buy here, and sell there, when I sell there, you short and cover
at the low. Then I'll buy again, we'll make a killing."
Those who think that the market provides profit and loss are in
my mind, mistaken. You, yourself, your choices decide this. To let
the market dictate your profit and loss to any degree outside your
parameters, you lose control of your trading. The market is neutral. It
will go up and down regardless of your position. It doesn't know who
you are, nor does it care. It goes up, making emotional longs happy
and emotional shorts unhappy. Vice versa with shorts. I added
"emotional" because I will discuss emotion a touch later. The idea
here is that you, at this very moment, have some feeling within you
about yourself, your trading. Either you made money this morning and
are anxious to trade again, as you are confident or you didn't make
money and are frustrated, ready to give up today. Or, you might be
profitable and willing to rest this afternoon, or you lost money and are
ready for revenge this afternoon. "I'll show this stupid market for taking
my money".
Many might think, "but if the market does what it does, and hits my
stop or profit target, then how do I still have control?" The market
moved to make me money or lose my money. You still have to hit the
exit button right? How many times early on did we have a great profit,
only to turn it to a loss? How many times did we have a small loss
turned into a larger one? Even now, I still struggle with what I envision
to happen, versus what I just did.
SYBS for example... 18 3/4 entry, 18 1/2 stop 18 1/2 entry, 18 3/4
exit, envisioning that it would go back over 19 if that was indeed the
bottom. Where did the conflict come in? Maybe I just wanted to make
money from this stock that took some of my money away before.
Maybe I need a confidence builder. Maybe I just didn't want to be in it.
Who knows. The point being., the market just moved how it wanted. It
was my choice to exit where I did. And therefore, the control stays
with me.
If the market can not hurt us, why is it that we feel other's
opinions of stock movement can? How many times early in our
trading do we enter a stock, someone says, market is moving in
opposite direction, so we exit immediately? IF you have resolved to
make a choice in entering that trade, knowing that market can not hurt
you outside of your predefined risks, then how is it that one statement
from someone you know can make you change your belief so fast?
How many times are Vadym and I wrong? How many times does "x"
person read the market wrong How many times do analysts
downgrade the lows and upgrade the highs. You have to change your
belief that other's opinions dictate stock movement to any great
degree. Other's opinions are to define areas of interest. Reversal
points, breakout points, breakdown points, range points, etc. Where I
trade for 3/8 point, Vadym may hold for 1 point. The pivot was the
same, the entry maybe different. But in the point I exit at 3/8, Vadym
thinks I 'Know' something that he does not? When you do this, you
lost control.
I'm long 'x' stock, and someone says, this stock looks weak, I'm
shorting it. So I exit my long because I think he knows something
that I don't? Nonsense, he just has a different perception. This guy
just went short because why? Because something in the tape,
something on the chart, something within him says, time to go short.
This folks, is what makes the market work. Different beliefs about
price action. If you begin to believe everyone else's, not trusting in
your own, you will never progress into a successful trader. If you feel
that "one guy's" contrary position creates a negativity in your position,
unless this guy has millions, it's an argument that needs rectified.
You have 10K to give Trader A or B. I'd give mine to B, who would
you choose?
You must shift your belief that if "I know everything there is to
know about the market, I will succeed" to, "I will learn all I can about
the market, but still realize that I have to know and trust myself, when
signals present themselves."
I was asked one day about why I thought EGRP would be a slow
trending stock. The easy answer was given but the deeper sense of
the trade is something that can't be explained. It was a simple feeling
Complete 7- based on past experience both in watching this stock as well as plenty
Bells Scans of experience in watching other stocks with the same "type" of action.
and More Eventually, you develop the same rhythm that other talents do. In
cases where we aren't in this rhythm, our rules of money management
Info and stop loss allow us continue to learn. Otherwise, we fall into the
trap of one trade wiping out a large portion of our portfolio. This does
not allow the trader to continue the learning process.
This puts us in our first part of the learning process. Vadym and I
teach Tape Reading Principles with our members everyday that are
described in the workbook and in this Learning Center. These tape
principles are not proprietary, not developed, not altered to fit a
system. It is a system in itself that has been around for nearly 400
years. There is no sense of "our method of tape reading" and anyone
that tries to change the true meaning simply detracts from its power. It
is not just watching time/sales, it is not just looking at the prints. The
workbook and this Learning Center show you much more than what
this wrong and simple explanation of it is. The learning phase of the
workbook and Learning Center is something that Vadym and I will
continually discuss with you through any confusion. The concepts
may be foreign to you, but they are explainable and understandable
with a little effort on your part. After this effort to understand the
concepts of the tape reading is completed, the next step for the trader
is to respond to its signals. We call these pivot points.
The market is our teacher. We are its students. The market will
punish us only if we let it. We have powerful tools to regain control of
ourselves both tangible and mentally. Stop loss, money management,
proper mental understanding , etc. As strong as the market is, it's not
anymore powerful than you let it be. Talks of conspiracies,
manipulations and fraudulent actions are not things you can control.
They happen. Maybe more often than we know about. The point being
is that "your" trade, win or lose, is not to be blamed or applauded from
such information. Theories of worthlessness such as these do not
allow your trading to progress because accountability is no longer
yours. It's that big "THEY" entity that rules your trading. You think
"THEY" will allow you to win over time? No, so you must regain
control of your trading and not develop false ideas about why your
trading is the way it is. Do not blame and do not complain. You are
responsible for entering and exiting each trade and each market. Your
decision, to which you hold true, demands accountability for the rest
of the time that that position is open. Once that position is closed, you
assess the trade from personal thoughts, why you entered, why you
exited. Nothing else matters.
T - Trust yourself
What is it about you that makes you a trader? Why did you choose
this business? What strengths about you provide you with the right
temperment to trade successfully? You like risk taking, able to make
quick decisions, unemotional, etc.? Here are my thoughts taken from
a list that Vadym offered me:
● The market exists to give me profits
● Trading is fun, not a frustrating experience
● If the market doesn’t do what I expect then I must reconsider
● Money is not the subject of my focus; stock movement is
● Losing is part of the process of making money. Any particular
loss doesn't make me a loser.
● Trading is a game, I know I can win
● Every losing trade is an opportunity to learn. I am learning
constantly
● I don't have to be in market all the time. I can wait for an
opportunity to come.
● I don't trade for recognition, I don't have to prove anything,
others opinion is not of interest for me
● These are my strengths that allow me to focus on the trade,
which is the only thing that matters once I take it.
Plenty, but two major ones: Ego and it constantly nags at me.
When I am in a great day, such as 3 straight wins on INKT, I feel less
vulnerable. I feel like nothing can touch me. If I was not aware of this
feeling, I would certainly have some negative event tell me that I am
not this good, usually leading to a large loss. I am aware of this feeling
and I control it to some degree, not taking atypical chances. But there
are times when my ego inflates my expectations and it's something
that needs constant control and awareness.
Lastly:
Don't think, respond. You think, you hesitate. You ask "really" when
"rate cut" is announced and you miss the entries. See the signal,
respond. Developing and retaining self-control through proper
mastering of emotions will allow you clarity in watching market action
as well as individual trade action. Let the R.H.Y.T.H.M become a part
of your trading to successfully progress as a trader.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
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One of the most frustrating aspects of day trading can be that gap up or down. For one thing,
much of the day's move is often spent within the gap itself, leaving little for the remainder of the day.
But here is a relatively simple method for determining the day's top or bottom, based on what I call the
YOUR DAILY
"50% Phenomenon", which occurs very often in the intraday charts.
MARKET
GUIDE
The rules are easy to remember.
2. Measure the white space of the gap, and not necessarily the open and closing points.
Since most day trading charting software has Fibonacci lines built in, use this tool to drag your 50%
Interactive line exactly halfway between the low of the upper gap and the high of the lower gap. This usually
Trading happens in the last half hour of the previous day, and the first half hour of the new day. In the chart
Picks below, notice how the last half hour saw the low, and then ticked up a couple bars before the close.
The next day saw a high after a few bars. We are not measuring the gap between the open and close;
PICKS, CHARTS,
instead we are interested in the white space of the gap itself.
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Check out Now note how the bottom of the day was very near our 0% line before it turned back up. The
MORNING 50% Phenomenon gave us our low of the day target within the first half hour of trading.
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3. The 50% line could be at the beginning of the gap, the center of the gap, or the end of the
gap.
If you're thinking that the above chart was a bit too easy, you're right. Here we see a gap with upward
momentum. Notice that the 50% line was placed at the beginning of the gap, rather than the middle.
Placing the 50% line in the center of the gap would have given us an incorrect target for the day's high.
In this example we see that the correct placement of the 50% line was actually the end of the
gap. This chart is moving downward, so don't confuse it with the chart above. Also note that I
averaged the high of the first half hour, choosing the highs of the first two bars -- which were in
agreement -- and ignoring the third bar high. After all, chart reading is a combination of art and
science, with a little bit of voodoo for good measure!
The question you are probably asking is this: How do we know exactly where to place the 50% line
when we first see the gap? The answer is simple: We don't.
Here we see my first attempt at targeting the high of the day by placing my 50% line in the center
of the gap. This looked pretty accurate through the first half of the day, and I expected price to flatline
or fall back from this point. But surprise! There was still lots of juice left.
Once I saw that price would continue its ascent, I moved my 50% line up to the end of the gap.
This time the target for the day's high was accurate. My standard practice is to assume the center
method is the correct one, until proven otherwise, simply because that scenario is a little more
common. But I am always on the lookout for signs that this is not the correct choice, and I never
hesitate to adjust my lines accordingly.
Now here is something interesting. We have two gaps in succession. When I saw this one morning I
remembered that the 50% Phenomenon worked from the base point of a reversal, so I didn't think it
would work for that second gap. But you can see by the naked eye that it would have anyway. By
using the high of that middle day (the 9th) as our foundation point, and placing our 50% line in the
center of that last gap, it would have correctly targeted the low of the day the 12th).
But that is not what is so fascinating about this chart. Notice that the center of the middle day, is
the correct 50% Phenomenon point for the 3-Day move.
Taking the 50% Phenomenon a step further, we see that it can also work within periods of
consolidation. Note the gap. The standard center method worked very well in targeting the bottom of
the next day (black line set). On the third day I noticed that much of the day was a "flatline," so I placed
my 50% line right through the center of it, which accurately targeted the bottom of the fourth day (blue
line set).
As with any chart pattern, the 50% Phenomenon doesn't work every time, so it's essential to have
a stop-loss strategy. But once you begin to look for it, I think you will be amazed at how often it
appears, and how reliable it can be.
The opinions expressed are based on how Rick interprets Events, the Market, and the Charts --
unless otherwise noted -- and are not recommendations to buy or sell securities. Trading stocks
involves risk. Never put your money on the line without a thorough understanding of what you are
doing, and why you are doing it, based on your own personal experience. No Chart Pattern works out
the way we think it should every time, so it is vitally important to have a protective Stop-Loss and/or
Exit point planned before entering into a trade. Do your own research and testing before attempting
any of the techniques.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
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The very first aspect of charts we need to clarify is something that new chart readers miss. Indeed, it
often takes considerable time before realizing that something isn't quite right. Most software applications for chart
reading have two methods for scaling. Scaling is the way we see the prices on the side, and the dates at the
YOUR DAILY
bottom of a chart.
MARKET
GUIDE
The settings can have several variations of names, depending on the software. They are arithmetic (also
known as Linear, Logarithmic, and possibly others), and logarithmic (which has also been called log, automatic,
and semi-Log). Yes, it gets confusing right from the start, especially considering both chart styles have been
called logarithmic. Most software defaults to logarithmic / semi-Log. What this means is that, as the price of a
stock rises, the scale is averaged out to give more weight to the lower prices. This is useful for comparing the
Featuring percentage of change between a low priced stock and a high priced stock, or the percentage of change within
the same stock over a period of time.
Be sure to find out exactly how your charting software determines scaling. Go to the help and look up each
Interactive of the words above. Read their definitions so you are sure how they are determining scale.
Trading
Picks
When looking at the chart, a small dip a year ago would look the same size as a larger dip today, even
PICKS, CHARTS,
though the stock has risen substantially within that year. But the percentage of the change would be the same.
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Check out Why would you want to do this? Because if a $50 dollar stock is gaining 2% day, and a $150 stock is gaining
MORNING 2% day, it may not be as apparent by looking at the charts. The Logarithmic scale would allow you to see the two
TRADER stocks side by side as a pattern, exclusive of price.
NOW!
and But if you are drawing trendlines, you could end up with a distorted picture. Lets look at the Nasdaq. This
EVERY MARKET chart is in Logarithmic scaling from 1975 through 2000. See the nice clean uptrend? Also notice that the Crash of
DAY! 1987 and the Crash of April 2000 are about the same size. And note that from the bottom of the chart scale up to
1000 is almost 2/3 of the chart. From 1000 to 5000 takes up the remainder of the chart. This is obviously giving
you a distorted picture of the actual price action.
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Now view the same chart in Arithmetic format. What a difference! When we hear media announcers tell us
that we are in the midst of the biggest bull market in history, the chart above gives us a very different picture than
the chart below. The real bull market started at the end of the gulf war in the early 1990's, and then picked up
steam as the masses gained access to the Internet. And see how the Crash of 2000 had a more devastating
affect, dollar wise, than did the Crash of 1987, even though the percentage of the plunge was roughly the same.
Even adjusted for inflation, these two charts offer vastly different inferences. Note the key difference in the chart
scaling, where each 1000-point increment gets equal spacing.
In my opinion, the arithmetic chart offers a much more accurate view of what is happening. As we shall
see, this precision is very important in the anticipation of future price.
Let's look now at a weekly chart of the Nasdaq, to determine when price falls to the trendline. The chart here
is in Logarithmic mode. Here we see that the trendline from the 1998 low moves up to the April 2000 low and the
is confirmed by the low in September -- a very predictable stopping place that shows the trend doing just fine,
thank you. Chances are, there is nowhere to go now, but up.
But wait. Not so fast. Now look at the arithmetic chart. Oops! We haven't even reached the trendline yet. Instead
of bouncing, we may have more downside -- maybe all the way to about the 3500 level before things get any
better. Optimism suddenly turns to caution. Keep in mind that we are only looking at the trendline here -- there
may be other factors, like Support, for example, that could influence where the actual Bottom will be.
We know that the arithmetic chart is the more accurate reading, yet the logarithmic is very compelling
evidence that someone, it seems, is buying and selling based on the wrong chart!
The problem we face is that various books and websites may use one or the other method of scaling.
This makes things more difficult, and certainly muddies the water. I have come to the conclusion that the safest
bet when viewing any stock I am truly interested in is to examine the chart with both scaling methods. That way, I
know what both camps are thinking, which will better enable me to plan a strategy accordingly.
The opinions expressed are based on how Rick interprets Events, the Market, and the Charts -- unless
otherwise noted -- and are not recommendations to buy or sell securities. Trading stocks involves risk.
Never put your money on the line without a thorough understanding of what you are doing, and why you are
doing it, based on your own personal experience. No Chart Pattern works out the way we think it should every
time, so it is vitally important to have a protective Stop-Loss and/or Exit point planned before entering into a
trade. Do your own research and testing before attempting any of the techniques.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
for Traders
INTERVIEW:
WIZARDS Joe DiNapoli
INTERVIEW
Home © 1998 Joe DiNapoli and Coast Investment Software, Inc.
6907 Midnight Pass, Sarasota, FL 34242
Daily 941-346-3801 Fax 941-346-3901 POWERFUL
Courses ONLINE
Tactics TradeNet Staff -Neal.: . . . . Sat, Feb 15, 9:57AM PST ( - TRADING
0900 GMT) COURSE
Resources Please post an introductory paragraph explaining what you From
HARD RIGHT EDGE
do, how long you have been involved in the markets etc. to give
readers some background information.
YOUR DAILY Joe DiNapoli: . . . . Sat, Feb 15, 9:57AM PST ( -0900
MARKET GMT)
GUIDE It seems that in one way or another, I've been involved
with trading all my life. In 1967 I finished engineering college and
began seriously trading. Back in those days, I was dealing with low
capitalized, small, over-the-counter issues, where you'd lose 15-25 Your
percent just in the bid/asked spread. We used to margin those Original Guide
"equities", that's using the term loosely, at the company's credit union to
Featuring Successful
where I was working. It was definitely spooky. In those days, I was
also involved in trading options on stocks. That's before they were Short-Term Trading
listed on exchanges, like they are today. You talk about volatility,
Highly Effective
when you wanted to sell, the broker would say 'to who?'. It was strictly Market Strategies
Interactive a bid by appointment situation. We'd generally ended up paying for an and
Trading exercise to exit a position. I got involved in trading commodities , 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks about 1980. I like the commodity markets. If you can develop Get
PICKS, CHARTS, strategies to effectively deal with the risk, the advantages far outweigh More Info
SCANS, IDEAS & those of other markets. Since I've learned how to do that, I have
PROFITS
substantially decreased the amount of stock and options trading that I
Check out do, but I'm still involved. About 1986 I began speaking, initially with
MORNING Jake Bernstein, at the Futures Symposium International. That's when I
TRADER started letting myself out to the public. It really mushroomed from
NOW! there. I've spoken all over the world, in major centers in Asia, Europe,
and and the Middle East. In 1996 alone I've spoken in 22 different
EVERY MARKET countries. That was a bit much, but I couldn't give up the opportunity
DAY!
to speak in places like Tallin, Estonia, St. Petersburg, Russia, and
Bombay. I've met fantastic people all over the globe. The industry has HRE SPOTLIGHT
been nothing but good to me.
Technical
Powerful Tools TradeNet Staff -Neal.: . . . . Sat, Feb 15, 9:57AM PST ( - Analysis
for Traders 0900 GMT) Masters
Tell us a bit about your trading/investing style, how do you
go about it? John Murphy
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Mon, Feb 17, 8:58PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
Joe- I've never used Fibonacci numbers in trading. What are the basic
principles I need to know to get started crunching the numbers, and
what are some possible buy and sell rules?
CACTUS: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:09PM PST ( -0900 GMT) Joe, have
you ever traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange? If yes, can you talk
about how it looks? Do you have any recommendation of how to use
your techniques for trade in that market?.
bbb: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 4:52PM PST ( -0900 GMT) Any opinion about
the Buenos Aires stock exchange? I'm an ewaver and the Elliot count
fits very well in the merval index
TradeNet Staff -Neal.: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:10PM PST ( -
0900 GMT) Hi Gildone, Cash, Cactus, everyone... Joe is
frantically typing responses, so please be patient while he
provides the unprepared responses
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:19PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
Joe, I'm a little new to technical analysis in general, if there is time in
this conference can you explain what a Displaced Moving Average is?
Joe DiNapoli: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:25PM PST ( -0900
GMT)
Hugh, a displaced moving average is a moving average
moved forward (or backward) in time. Imagine you have a 7-day
simple moving average, now slide it to the right by 5 days.. The result
is a 7X5 displaced moving average.. The displaced moving average
value for today is equal to the UNDISPLACED moving average of 5
days ago.
Ollie: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:38PM PST ( -0900 GMT) Joe, is it still
advisable to use Fibonacci retracements as exit points? What do you
recommend?
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:31PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
Yes, that explained it well. (Why didn't I think of that myself?!)
Ollie: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:37PM PST ( -0900 GMT) Cactus, if you're
interested at DMAs, check out the recent issues of Technical Analysis
for Stocks and Commodities Magazine.
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 6:57PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
What is the formula used to construct the Oscillator Predictor?
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 7:13PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
Joe-Do you consider any technical indicators overrated? Which ones
and why?
Joe: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 7:35PM PST ( -0900 GMT) You said you
used lagging indicators, like the displaced MA. If you adjust it to be 5
days ahead, wouldn't that be a leading indicator? You said you use
Fib analysis as a leading indicator? Could you explain?
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 7:42PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
Joe-What is a "detrended oscillator"?
Joe DiNapoli: . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 7:41PM PST ( -0900
GMT)
The formula for the detrend is close minus moving
average, reasonable variations are high or low minus moving
average. This oscillator was used many years ago before the RSI
became popular. It has many advantages over the more common
oscillators, one being that the extremes are not normalized to plus or
minus 100.
Hugh (San Diego): . . . . Wed, Feb 19, 8:01PM PST ( -0900 GMT)
Yes, Neal. I would attend.
All original materials: © 2003 Joe DiNapoli and Coast Investment Software. Republished with
permission by Brooke Publishers, Inc.
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
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Eighteen years in formulation, 18 months in the
making, professional trader, lecturer, and author
Joe DiNapoli, tells it all in his first full length 300
page book.
Say you are scanning tonight and come across XYZ which looks
like it might be a great swingtrade buy if it trades at 15 3/16. The
low of the prior day is 14 1/2. This means you will place your stop at
14 7/16, risking 3/4 of a point on this trade. Assuming a $25,000
trading account you can lose up to $250 per trade. You will use this
number to determine how many shares you can buy, which in this
case is up to, but not more than 333. Most people don't like to do odd
lots, so would round down to 300. Never round up because then you
throw the risk control out the window.
All original materials: © 2003 Brooke Publishers, Inc. and Associated Authors
Comments: trader@hardrightedge.com
20 Golden Rules
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What they neglected to tell me was the fact that they did not have
to use these old market adages in order to "trade" profitably, and as
YOUR DAILY such, had not mastered any of these concepts.
MARKET
GUIDE
Stockbrokers are in the business of selling stocks to retail
clients. Their livelihood is from commission income, which in turn
depends on their sales skills. This has nothing to do with trading. Your
Original Guide
Desk and floor traders in brokerage firms are there to execute to
Featuring retail and institutional client orders. Most of them also trade for Successful
their own accounts and their firm's inventory accounts. Like specialists Short-Term Trading
and market makers, these traders trade with the benefit of holding
Highly Effective
"the book", that is, they know where all of the buy and sell orders are
Market Strategies
Interactive and at what prices. Buying at the bid and then selling at the offer to and
Trading execute all these client orders, and pocketing the spread, is very 3-D Charting Techniques
Picks lucrative. And it does not require extraordinary talent or skill. Many of Get
PICKS, CHARTS, these men, knowing what their income stream will be on a particular More Info
SCANS, IDEAS & day, proceed to trade stocks where they don't hold the book, and lose
PROFITS money in the process.
Check out
MORNING
After the market close, these traders gather in bars, where the
TRADER
neophytes look up to them in hopes of gleaming pearls of wisdom so
NOW!
that they too may someday arrive at the pot of gold at the end of the
and rainbow. Little do they know that it is the structure of the system that
EVERY MARKET makes money for these men and their brokerage firms. It's the way
DAY!
the game is set up. The traders, the salesmen, the specialists, are the
croupiers. The firm and the exchanges are the house. They are net HRE SPOTLIGHT
takers from market participants, living off the avails of trading activities
in this great capitalist system. Technical
Powerful Tools Analysis
for Traders I discovered quickly that the brokers and firm's traders had no Masters
particular brand of magic, and proceeded in the quest for market
knowledge alone. My library contains some 200 books about the John Murphy
market and trading, some dating back to the late 1800s. These books
were written by the likes of William Peter Hamilton, Robert Rhea,
Charles Dow, W.D. Gann, Ben Graham, Robert Edwards, John
Magee, Richard Shabacker, Warren Buffet, George Soros, R. N.
Elliot, Richard Wyckoff, Steve Nison, Tom Demark, Ian Notley, Welles
Complete 7- Wilder, Justin Mamis, Jake Bernstein, Victor Sperandeo, Martin Pring,
Bells Scans Stan Weinstein, Larry MacMillan, David Caplan, John Brooks, Victor
and More Niederhoffer, Charles Kindleburger, Jesse Livermore, George Angell,
Info William Eng, John Murphy, Gregory Morris, William Dunnigan,
Laurence Connors, Linda Bradford Raschke, Alexander Elder,
More Info
Howard Abell, Robert Prechter, Jack Schwager, Robert Hyerczyk, L.L.
Angas, Ken Van Strum, Robert Beckman, R.W. McNeel, Henry
Clews, John Maynard Keynes, and Burton Makiel. The list goes on.
From number crunching to financial astrology, I endured them all.
His basic logic went something like this:We are told to buy low and
sell high. We are told to follow the trend. These would appear to be
mutually exclusive at first glance. The only way to make these two
statements reconcile is if we change it to "buy high, sell higher" or
"sell low, buy back lower". I was struck dumb by the power and the
simplicity of his idea. It was as if I had sailed for a lifetime on the open
ocean expecting to fall off the edge and suddenly discovering that the
earth was round instead. Perhaps it was like the moment when the
apple fell on Isaac Newton's head and he "discovered" gravity.
Suddenly it all became clear to me. I was free.
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Technical
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EVERY MARKET Masters
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John Murphy
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Complete 7- The principle behind the Holy Grail set up is to take advantage of a retracement to enter in the
Bells Scans direction of the emerging or existing trend. "Retracement" is a word used to define a pullback
and More within an existing trend in the language of technical analysis. These patterns, called flags and
Info pennants, were identified long ago by the likes of Richard W. Schabacker in his book Technical
Analysis and Stock Market Profits. Later on, his relative, Robert Edwards, together with John Magee,
popularized them in their landmark book, Technical Analysis of Stock Trends. The key to flags and
pennants is that they are consolidation areas, and therefore, must be made on diminishing volume.
Linda's technique combines the use of classic chart patterns with ADX and a moving average.
In our experience with the Holy Grail technique, the stated requirement of ADX to be over 30 is not
critical so long as it has bottomed and is on the rise. We have refined the entry technique using the
Dunnigan Bar Count method.
First of all, we believe that the trend of the ADX, rather than the absolute level, is most
important. LeBeau and Lucas also share this view. So long as the trend of the ADX is rising, we will
be looking for a retracement to the 20EMA as a spot to enter. Second, we have observed that an ADX
level of over 50 is usually where a trend nears its climax and becomes vulnerable to an abrupt end,
and we usually stand aside in those circumstances. Third, we pay attention to flags on diminishing
volume.
Example #1
In this example, using the Lucent Technologies daily chart, from the peak of on April 7, a
consolidation began. Note that volume and ADX began dropping as price formed a triangle. On May
12, LU tried to break the downtrend line up to that point, the grey line, on volume. It was met the next
day with selling and formed a key reversal day, by going higher intraday, but closing lower than the
close on May 12. Breakout players were burned as LU fell back into the triangle and the downtrend
line was adjusted to a new position, the blue line. On June 4 LU tried to break the downtrend line
again on volume but the next day, it was met with sellers again. Note the ADX had gone sideways
rather than down, as the lack of movement to the downside, combined with the upward movement of
the bars began to affect the ADX calculation.
LU pulled back again toward the moving average, making only "down" and "inside" bars until June 15,
when it traded in the narrowest trading range since June 4. Note volume was contracting on this
pullback, forming a nice bull flag, as flags are called when the trend is up. As a test of support at the
20-day EMA approached, the moment of truth came for LU. On June 16, LU broke the downtrend line
of the bull flag on volume. ADX moved up as the emerging uptrend took hold, with only three "down"
days in between, on June 22, July 7 and July 13.
Buyers of the bull flag had two choices. The aggressive move was to enter a resting buy order above
the high of each "down" (lower low, lower high compared to the day before) until the order was filled,
with an initial stop loss just below the low of the day that the order was filled. The conservative move
was to enter a resting buy order above the high of the first "up" day, namely, June 16. Once the buy
order was filled, the initial stop loss would be placed just below the low of June 16. Traders could then
follow LU up using the Dunnigan Bar Count Stop Method.
Example #2
Here is an intraday example seen on a very liquid instrument, the S&P futures contract. On the
morning of July 19, the September S&P made a Trader Vic 2B top and the market immediately traded
right through the 20EMA5 down two 1421 before it bounced. By the time it reached the 20EMA5,
sellers from both the 5- and 15- minute time frames were lined up at the 1425 area, ready to sell on
weakness. This set up the first Grail sale. Aggressive traders can enter resting stop sell orders under
the "up" bars to enter the trade. The second Grail set up was exactly the same as the first one. The
third and fourth set ups were more complicated. We would have been stopped out of the third one for
a small loss and not taken the fourth one since there was the possibility of a trend reversal by way of
a Trader Vic 1-2-3 test. Note that each time the market fell back to test the low prior to the bear flag
bounce, the target was achieved. Any extra is a bonus.
Example #3
In this example, the S&P closed on its low the day before. In overnight trading on Globex, the high
was 1296.60 with a low of 1283.60. As many traders consider these points to be important support
and resistance levels, we label them as "pivot" points, along with the low from the day before at 1283.
Clearly the S&P was in a downtrend, but it opened gap up (Globex data is not on this chart) and made
three 5-minute "up" candles (higher highs and higher lows relative to the bar before). We began the
day by drawing a horizontal line at 1283, with a potential Trader Vic 1-2-3 setup.
When the move reached resistance overhead (supplied by the Globex high at 1296.60 AND the 20
period exponential moving average at 1297.44) and could go no higher, sellers showed up. When the
low of the third "up" candle at 1293.50 (formed a white shooting star at the arrow) was broken it was
the signal to get short with the expectation that the low at 1283 would be tested. The Holy Grail sale
was set up.
The trade was to get short immediately upon breaking 1293.50 with an initial stop loss at 1295.80, the
morning's high, in anticipation of a test of the low at 1283. The risk was 2.3 points vs. a 10-point
reward on a test of the bottom, a ratio of better than 4:1. Using a conservative trailing stop, one that is
placed at the top of each "down" (lower high and lower low relative to the bar before) candle, we
would close out the trade on the test of the low, when it would go no lower.
Subsequently, the S&P made a 2B bottom (which could have been traded the same way as illustrated
above, but in reverse) and the market bounced to the high of the day, attracted by the magnetic effect
of buy stops entered by mechanical systems that buy first hour breakouts. What a morning that was!
JAPANESE CANDLESTICKS
WIZARDS
TUTORIAL We use Japanese candlesticks in conjunction with classic Western technical analysis.
Home
● With moving averages in trending markets, such as Raschke's Holy Grail set-up;
Daily
● In areas of support and resistance; and, POWERFUL
Courses ● On tests of tops and bottoms, such as the Trader Vic 1-2-3 set-ups. ONLINE
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YOUR DAILY
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Your
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Downtrend, followed by a successful test of bottom using the Trader Vic 1-2-3 method.
Successful test confirmed by the 3 Inside Up pattern.
Uptrend, followed by a test of top using the Trader Vic 1-2-3 method. Failure on test after a
confirmed Dark Cloud Cover pattern.
Gravestone Doji
YOUR DAILY
MARKET
GUIDE
A doji represents indecision and forms part of several important formations:
Your
● Doji Star
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● Morning Doji Star
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● Tri Star
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In this context, the doji star that formed at the red circle was important in the overall
assessment of the market. The triangle outlined in blue had a high of 1348 and a lower boundary of
1341, which is 7 points. The way to measure and project price on this descending triangle is to take
the lower boundary of 1341 and subtract 7 points to arrive at 1334 and just like magic, a doji star
confirmed our measurement.
In this instance, the gravestone doji indicated by the arrow occurred on a test of high, telling
the trader that there are many willing sellers on this test.
PREDATOR OR PREY?
WIZARDS
TUTORIAL Each timeframe in the market has a completely different set of
Home players. Each one has its own predators and its own prey. Do you know
your timeframe? The scary part is that if you don't know and stick to your
Daily timeframe, you're going to be someone's prey and never know why. POWERFUL
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Tactics OK, so what are these timeframes? Let's use a pond and fish analogy. TRADING
The first pond is the 2 minute timeframe. The others are the 5 minute, 15 COURSE
Resources minute, and daily ponds. Don't worry too much about the physical property From
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of these ponds. For instance, fish in the 2 minute pond can feed on fish in
the 15 minute pond. But, the pond analogy is still useful.
YOUR DAILY The 2 minute pond is the group that takes money in a way that we call
MARKET slippage. They nasty little devils are fast and furious. It is amazing to
GUIDE watch them. They are really big fish, with tiny little mouths. They spend
their day eating teenies. It takes a lot of teenies to satisfy them. So they
have to be quick and repetitive. They'll choke on big pieces of meat (large
positions for a long time), so they keep their bites small. These fish are Your
comprised of Market Makers, Specialists, abridgers, and scalpers. These Original Guide
guys are trying to take money from all the other fish - including each other. to
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The 5 minute pond is full of day traders trying to take money from the
15 minute pond. These are the fish looking for intraday trends. Their Highly Effective
mouths are built for 1/4, 1/2 or full points. Where the 2 minute fish worry Market Strategies
Interactive
and
Trading about not getting enough volume, these guys worry having too much.
3-D Charting Techniques
Picks "Who am I going to buy 3,000 shares from and how will I unload 'em." If
Get
they try to eat too much at once, their prey might panic and run away.
PICKS, CHARTS, More Info
SCANS, IDEAS &
PROFITS The 15 minute fish are big ones. These guys work all day long to fill one
Check out order. These are the institutional traders or Market Makers acting as
MORNING traders. They also worry about how much volume they move, but
TRADER sometimes they just can't hide it. So, they can't buy or sell all at once. They
NOW! also have to hide their tracks, because the 5 minute fish are trying to spot
and them and eat from the same plate.
EVERY MARKET
DAY!
The daily pond is a funny mix. There are two main groups. There are the
mutual funds and the Investradors. (I call them this because when a
position goes away from them they become Long Term investors, and HRE SPOTLIGHT
when they are making money, they are traders. This confusion between
Investor and Trader begets the term Investrador.) Investradors are the Technical
bottom of the food chain. They supply the money for all the other fishes. Analysis
Powerful Tools Very kind of them really. Fortunately, 80% of them are philanthropic, so Masters
for Traders there is always a stream of new funds.
John Murphy
The Mutual Fund fish are really big. They move from place to place in
the pond, swallowing great masses of Investradors. How can they do this?
Can't everyone see them coming? Aren't they the slowest fish in the pond?
Yes to all of the above. So the Mutual Funds must use bait. Mutual Funds
swim around with their mouths open wide. Around this mouth are
Complete 7- numerous goodies to tempt the Investradors. They dangle Research
Bells Scans Alerts, Upgrades/Downgrades, Sector Analysis, cover stories on Fortune
and More Magazine, etc.
Info
Let's take a look at this food chain from top to bottom. All the money
comes from the Investradors. The mutual funds eat them alive. However,
in order for the Mutual Funds to move around they need the help of the
Institutional Traders. Kind of like tug boats pushing a freighter around the
bay. So once the Mutual Fund fish eats all the Investradors on one path in
the daily pond, he calls in the Institutional Trader fish to help change
direction. These fish move millions of dollars worth of Investrador flesh. So
they tell the Mutual Fund, "OK, I can do it, but you'll have to wait a day or
two." Then they take the flesh to the 15 minute ponds and start moving it.
This creates eddies in the waters of the 15 minute pond. A good
institutional trader with a small amount of Investrador flesh in a big 15
minute pond can't even be seen. However, the larger the order and smaller
the pond, the bigger eddies.
Now the astute 5 minute fish is watching the waters of the 15 minute
pond. Here he notices something - a trend. The waters of the 15 minute
pond can be very murky. However, it is a little easier to spot these moves
in the 5 minute pond. That big fish sometimes gets too close or makes a
mistake and the Daytrader Fish spots his action. He jumps in front of the
Institutional Trader and steals his pound of flesh and moves on.
Institutional Fish don't like Daytrader Fish.
During this entire process, the 2 minute fish run around cleaning up all
the little leftovers. Finally, all the Investrador flesh is gone. The pond is red
with blood, but the fish are feed.
What pond do you play in? There is money to be made in each pond.
But only if you know who your prey is and who is your predator.
You can be a 2 minute fish. Are you fast? Are you happy with making
teenies? But remember these guys are cannibals.
You can be a 5 minute fish. Are you patient? Do you mind scanning
constantly looking for signs of 15 minute fish? But when it is time to act you
better be fast and decisive. And you better like 1/2 point mouthfuls.
You can be a daily fish. Can you handle the big swings in price? Can you
watch your stock drop 3 points, while waiting for it to gain 9?
Here's a table to help you evaluate just whom you are competing
with:
Now can you decide what pond you are in? Know your prey. Know your
predators.
5 PHASES OF A TRADE
WIZARDS
TUTORIAL You can break a trade into 5 phases. Let me reword that: You should break your
Home trades into 5 phases. Three are intellectual and 2 are reflex. Let's start by looking at
the phases before the details:
Daily
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Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 COURSE
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Type Intellectual Reflex Intellectual Reflex Intellectual
YOUR DAILY Purpose Search for Open the Manage Close the Analyze
MARKET opportunities position the trade - position
GUIDE follow the
rules
Technical
Phase 1 - SEARCHING FOR OPPORTUNITY Analysis
Masters
This part is fun for the first hour of the day. After that I start getting a little bored.
John Murphy
Complete 7-
Phase 1 is simply looking over charts or reading trade rags or whatever, to
Bells Scans
find setups for the type of trades you like. This is primarily an intellectual process.
and More
However, there are emotions that creep in that can really hose you up.
Info
Say you like to trade breakouts. You have just spent an entire hour looking for a
breakout the fits your criteria. You haven't found one. You did, however, find that
you missed about 3. What is your emotional state of mind at this point? Suddenly, a
setup that is a lot like one of your breakouts shows up. However, it is not exact.
Your state of mind will push you towards entering that trade. An hour ago, when you
were fresh, you wouldn't even consider it. Now it miraculously looks great and you
enter another losing trade.
You need to define your process of looking for opportunity and stick to it. If
you get bored then, find some creative angle to keep your interest up. If you get
upset over every missed opportunity then find another profession.
This part must be reflex. From the time it takes to spot a setup until your order is
in should be seconds. I have setups where I hit the offer and others where I bid for
the stock. Know your setup and how to trade it. When the setup is identified, no
matter how you go about it, open the position. Now. Go. Indecision Kills. If you don't
have confidence in your phase 1 process then change it, but DO NOT go into phase
2 and start second guessing. That is the sure sign of a wimp. Wimps lose because
they do not trust their own background work. Enough said.
Well here it is. This is the most difficult part of the whole trading game for most of
us. Your money is on the table and it is time to panic. Reminiscence of a Stock
Operator has a great quote on comparing the professional to the amateur on this
point. He says that for amateurs when the price moves against them they hope it
will come back and when they profit they fear the market will take it away. They end
up cutting their profits short and letting their losers run. Professionals are just the
opposite. When they are losing, they fear the market will take more and when they
are profiting, they hope it will continue.
Sound advice. If this is your area of trouble let me suggest something: Go ahead,
fear, greed, hope, dream, but learn to ignore them. If you are successful at ignoring
them, they will start to go away. The trouble is you will find that these emotions are
fun, but will ALWAYS result in failure. What you must do as a professional trader is
follow your rules regardless of what you feel like.
Here is what I do. I review my trades at the end of the week and see if I followed
my rules exactly. Then I look to see what would have happened if I did follow them. I
total all the results and get a bottom line figure. Would following the rules to the
letter result in more money? If so, I keep trading until I can follow the rules. If not, I
change the rules.
It takes time to develop confidence in your rules. However, it is time well spent.
Your rules are the only weapon you have against yourself. "Luke, Luke, follow the
force" only works in movies. With the market, you need cold hard realities outside of
your own perceptions. When the emotions are at their highest, the quality of your
decisions are at their lowest. Since Phase 3 is the most important and this is where
emotions run the highest, is it any wonder most people lose at trading?
One of my favorite trades generates a lot of emotion for me. So, for this trade I
have a very clear, objective exit plan. Why? Because all that emotion messes me
up. When the trade is reaching the profit objective it always feels like there is more
to go. I have reviewed this trade over and over and found that my written exit is the
most consistent I can get. So, how do I manage the trade? When the exit signal is
given I hit the bid (or offer), period. I don't hem and haw. I don't play "what if"
games. I don't dream about a better trade this time. After I open the position, I get
the close order ready. I have the confirmation button under the mouse. My eyes are
focused, waiting for the exit. Signal, click.
Are all my trades like this? No, just this one. Because it is so emotionally charged
I can't afford to do it otherwise.
Once again this is a reflex action. From phase 3 to 4 you switch from "when do I
do it?" to "how do I get out?" At this point my brain is not thinking about the trade,
profits, loses, commissions, or the Futures. I have one thing to do: get out. Island,
ARCA, whatever, just get me out.
Phase 5 - ANALYZE
Is this important? Ask any professional trader and you will get the same answer:
Yes!
Dr. Alex Elder has an interesting way of finding out if a patient is an alcoholic.
He will ask the patient to write down every time he has a drink; how much, what
were you doing at the time, etc. In a word, keep a diary. If the patient refuses or
questions then he is an alcoholic. If not then he is probably not.
The same goes for traders. If you are unwilling to keep a diary of your trades then
you are probably addicted to trading for its own sake. You're a loser. Sorry to be so
blunt, but someone has to tell you.
Do you want to be a professional trader? Then act like it. Keep records, review
your performance. See what works and what doesn't. Find out what conditions goof
you up the most. Search for ways to improve and work around those conditions.
If your analysis consists of looking over lost opportunities and pining away the
evening you are just creating emotional baggage. You are not analyzing.
One other note on analysis: You cannot form an opinion on a setup based on one
or two trades. Think about it. Does every setup/plan work every time? Of course not.
You might have found the best trade in the whole world. However, it only works 1
out of 4 times, but when it works it generates huge profits. If you try something and
it fails 3 times in a row it may or may not be a bad idea. Paper trade, backtest, do
something to boost your confidence in your idea and then give it some time.
Analyze with real data and objectively. Then take that information back and
improve Phases 1 and 3. Keep this up and the money will come, the money will
come.
Now that you have considered the 5 phases, make a copy of this chart and fill in
your own Decisions, Process, and Emotions for each type of trade you make. Here's
an example for my rules on trading a pullback:
Purpose Search for Open the Manage the Close the Analyze
opportunities position trade position
Decisions Has there Bid for Stop out the For Did I
been enough the stock trade if it stopping follow my
movement to at 1/16 breaks the out hit the rules on
establish a above the low of the bid, for this one?
new trend? 5 minute pullback. profits offer
Is the stop high. Otherwise, out.
too far offer out 1/8
away? Has it below the
cleared a 5 high before
minute high? the pullback.
Doing this will help you analyze where you might be going wrong or what
psychological demons you might be facing. (Do I need to say this?) Then fix it.