Minggu ke-10/11 (20/27 Mei 2021)

KELAS BISPRO 2A MATA KULIAH PENDALAMAN TATA BAHASA INGGRIS

UNTUK PENERJEMAHAN
SEMESTER GENAP 2020/2021
DOSEN: SUPRIATNOKO
supriatnoko@yahoo.co.id

PERTEMUAN M-10: PARTICIPIAL PHRASES

PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Example:
a. The woman who is washing the dishes is our new cook.
The woman washing the dishes is our new cook. (The participle is derived from a progressive verb.)
b. Anyone who violates this law will be punished
Anyone violating this law will be punished. (The participle is derived from a non-progressive verb.)

1. The gentleman who is crossing the street is an old friend of my father’s.

The gentleman crossing the street is an old friend of my father's

2. Anyone who travels in a foreign land should make sure that he has the proper documents.
Anyone travelling in a foreign land should make sure that he has the proper
Documents

3. All passengers who are not going to Rockaway must change trains at the next stop.
All passengers not going to Rockaway must change trains at the next stop.

4. We need a room which seats one hundred people.

We need a room seating one hundred people

5. Anyone who doesn’t enter the country legally will be immediately deported to the country he came
from.
Anyone not entering the country legally will be immediately deported to the country
he came from.

6. The young woman, who was running to catch the bus, stumbled and fell.
The young woman, running to catch the bus, stumbled and fell.

PAST PARTICIPLE

The time of the main verb determines the time of the participle.

Example: Doctors often recommend rabies shots for anyone who is bitten by a strange dog.
Doctors often recommend rabies shots for anyone bitten by a strange dog.
1. The jewelry which was stolen from our neighbor’s house was found by the police.
The jewelry stolen from our neighbor's house was found by the police.

2. A letter which is sent by airmail should arrive sooner than one which is sent by regular mail.
A letter sent by airmail should arrive sooner than one which is sent by regular mail.

3. We will prosecute anyone who is caught trespassing on this property.

We will prosecute anyone caught trespassing on this property.

4. Mr. X, who has been exiled from his homeland for many years, began to make inquiries about
whether he could return.
Mr. X, having been exiled from his homeland for many years, began to make
inquiries about whether he could return.

5. The young violinist, who was encouraged by his teacher, decided to enter his name in the music
contest.
The young violinist, encouraged by his teacher, decided to enter his name in the
music contest

6. The two women, who were dressed in their Sunday best, proceeded on to church.
The two women, dressed in their Sunday best, proceeded on to church.

7. Any package which is not wrapped properly will not be accepted by the post office.
Any package not wrapped properly will not be accepted by the post office.

PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE

This participle expresses present action

Example: Those houses which are now being torn down were built fifty years ago.
Those houses being torn down now were built fifty years ago

1. The music which is being played now is by Bach.

The music being played now is by Bach.

2. The tooth that is being extracted by the dentist has been hurting me for some time.
The tooth being extracted by the dentist has been hurting me for some time.

3. They expect to help the poor with the money that is being collected.
They expect to help the poor with the money being collected.

4. The air-conditioner which is now being installed should make the room more comfortable.
The air-conditioner now being installed should make the room more comfortable
5. The letter which is being typed now will introduce you to our representative in London.
The letter being typed now will introduce you to our representative in London

PERFECT PARTICIPIAL FORMS

(example, having offered, having been offering, having been offered)

Example: Anyone who has talked to him once will be convinced of his innocence.
Anyone having talked to him once will be convinced of his innocence

1. The Smiths, who had found just the house they wanted to buy, began to bargain with the owners to
reduce the price.
The Smiths, having found just the house they wanted to buy, began to bargain with
the owners to reduce the price

2. Mr. Preston, who had been offered a good job out-of-town, told his wife they would have to move.
Mr. Preston, having been offered a good job out-of-town, told his wife they would
have to move.

3. The orchestra members, who had been participating all day, were very tired by evening.
The orchestra members, having been practicing all day, were very tired by evening.

4. Anyone who has served a term in prison will not be hired by that company.
Anyone having served a term in prison will not be hired by that company.

5. Mr. Richards, who had been badly wounded in the last war, was receiving a pension from the
government.
Mr. Richards, having been badly wounded in the last war, was receiving a pension
from the government.

6. Alice, who had not understood the chemistry lectures, failed the examination.
Alice, having not understood the chemistry lectures at all, failed the examination

7. The garden, which had been neglected by the former tenants, was overgrown with weeds.
The garden, having been neglected by the former tenants, was overgrown with weeds

FORM OF PARTICIPLE

Change the adjective clauses to participial phrases. Keep the commas if they are used with the adjective
clauses.

1. The girl who is making the most noise is my daughter.

The girl making the most noise is my daughter

2. The leaflets which were printed last week will be distributed at tonight’s meeting.
The leaflets printed last week will be distributed at tonight's meeting

3. The general, who had been warned of the enemy’s approaching attack, had all his men ready.
The general, having been warned of the enemy's approaching attack, had all his men
 ready

4. The movement, which was doomed from the beginning, came to a very inauspicious end.
The movement, doomed from the beginning, came to a very inauspicious end

5. The children, who had been instructed not to stay out too long, came back before dinner time.
The children, having been instructed not to stay out too long, came back before dinner
time

6. The snow which is falling on the highway will make the roads icy by nightfall.
The snow falling on the highway will make the roads icy by nightfall

7. The money which was not accounted for in his will was distributed equally among his children.
The money not accounted for in his will was distributed equally among his children

8. The men, who surrounded on all sides by the enemy, had to surrender.
The men, surrounded on all sides by the enemy, had to surrender

9. The patients, who had been advised by his doctor to stop smoking, made every effort to do so.
The patient, having been advised by his doctor to stop smoking, made every effort to
do so.

10. Many people who live in a large cities are very lonely.
Many people living in large cities are very lonely.

PUCNTUATION AND POSITION OF PARTICIPIAL PHRASES

1. Restrictive—A student hoping to finish college in three years must work very hard. (No commas are
used.)
2. Nonrestrictive—Robert, hoping to finish college in three years, must work very hard. (Commas are
used.)

Insert the participial phrase in the blank spaces. Do not use commas if the participial phrases serve to
identify the words they refer to, or to limit their quantity.

1. Participial phrase—taking a walk in the woods

a. A person, taking a walk in the woods
,can see a great variety of birds.
b. Our botany class taking a walk in the woods
saw a great variety of birds.

2. Participial phrase—sitting in the rear of the lecture hall

a. Oliver and his friends, sitting in the rear of the lecture hall,
could not hear the professor.
b. The students sitting in the rear of the lecture hall
could not hear the professor.

3. Participial phrase—feeling tired

 a. Any of the swimmers feeling tired
should start to come back to shore.
b. One of the swimmers, feeling tired,
started to come back to shore.

4. Participial phrase—gossiping maliciously about her neighbors

a. Mrs. Smith , gossiping maliciously about her neighbors,
soon lost their friendship.
b. A woman gossiping maliciously about her neighbors
Will soon lose their friendship.

5. Participial phrase—having achieved success early in life

a. A person having achieved success early in life
may become bored with life.
b. My best friend , having achieved success early in life,
became very bored with life.

6. Participial phrase—not satisfied with the service in the store.

a. Mrs. Johnson , not satisfied with the service in the store,
Complained to the management.
b. Any customer not satisfied with the service in the store
May complain to the management.

PARTCIPIAL PHRASES IN TWO-PART OBJECTS OF VERBS

Some verbs are followed by two-part objects, the second of which is participial phrase.
CATCH, KEEP, LEAVE, SEND, FIND

The police caught the young boy stealing a car.

They found the horse tied to a tree.

These verbs may be passive—Their rowboat was found drifting in the lake.

VERB OF PERCEPTION
BEHOLD, FEEL, HEAR, LISTEN TO, NOTICE, OBSERVE, PRECEIVE, SEE, WATCH, WITNESS

We heard the children crying.

I saw them running across the street.

After such verbs of perception, to-less infinitives may be alternatives for participial phrases.

We heard the children cry

I saw them run across the street

Add a two-part object based on the words in parentheses. Note which participial phrases may alternate
with to-less infinitives.
Example:
a. The official kept (we, wait, several hours)
The official kept us waiting (for) several hours
b. We watched (children, play, schoolyard)
We watched the children playing in the schoolyard
also We watched the children play in the schoolyard

1. She felt (her youth, rapidly, slip away)

She felt her youth rapidly slipping away
2. We heard (angry voices, come, next room)
We heard angry voices coming from next room
3. She caught (her daughter, take, money, her purse)
She caught her daughter taking money from her purse
4. They kept (dog, tie up, yard)
They kept the dog tied-up in the yard
5. At the airport we can see (tourists, come, go, all day long)
At the airport we can see the tourists coming and going all day long
6. He had never before observed (rainbow, arch, sky)
He having never before observed rainbow arch in the sky
7. He listened sleepily (his teacher, explain, lesson)
He listened sleepily when his teacher explaining lesson

PARTICIPIAL PHRASES TO EXPRESS MEANS OR MANNER

Participial phrases used in final position may express means or manner with respect to the subject.

She caught cold sitting on the wet grass

By sometimes precedes the participle.

Such participial phrases are especially common after sit, stand, lie.

He sat there staring at the wall.

Use the words in parentheses to form a participial phrases of means or manner

Example:
a. The boy tore his clothes (climb, trees)
The boy tore his clothes climbing trees.
b. He’s standing at the corner (watch, girls, go by)
He’s standing at the corner watching girls go by.

1. He earns a living (drive, truck)

He earns a living by driving truck
2. All night long he lay awake (think, his financial problem)
All night long he lay awake thinking his financial problem
3. We spent the whole evening (watch, movies of our hosts’ trip to Africa)
We spent the whole evening watching movies of our hosts’ trip to Africa
4. He sits around all day (do, nothing)
 He sits around all day doing nothing
5. The injured man lay on the ground (bleed, profusely)
The injured man lay on the ground bleeding profusely
6. The men amused themselves (tell, stories, the biggest fish they had ever caught)
The men amused themselves by telling stories the biggest fish they had ever caught
7. Some men were sitting in the patio (drink, beer)
Some men were sitting in the patio drinking beer

PARTICIPIAL PHRASES AS ALTERNATIVES FOR ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Expand the participial phrases to adverbial clauses. Note which participial phrases may also have a time
word placed before them.

Example:
a. Having shopped all day, she was glad to get home and rest.
After she had shopped all day, she was glad to get home and rest.
also After shopping all day, she was glad to get home and rest.
or After having shopped all day, she was glad to get home and rest.
b. Playing golf in the afternoon heat, he suffered a sunstroke
While he was playing golf in the afternoon heat, he suffered a sunstroke
also While playing golf in the afternoon heat, he suffered a sunstroke.

1. Opening up her jewelry box, she found her diamond rings gone.
While she was opening up jewelry box, she found her diamond rings gone
2. Believing he was a total failure in everything he did, the man was on the point of suicide.
While he was believing a total failure in everything he did, the man was on the point of suicide.
3. Driving along an almost deserted country road, they ran out of gas.
While they were driving along an almost deserted country road, they ran out of gas.
4. Putting on her hat and coat quickly, she ran outside to see what was causing such a commotion.
After she was putting on her hat and coat quickly, she ran outside to see what was causing such a
commotion
5. Not caring to accept welfare assistance, they often went without food.
Because they were not caring to accept welfare assistance, they often went without food.
6. Depressed by the news she had received, she took a tranquilizer to quiet her nerves.
Because she was depressed by the news she had received, she took a tranquilizer to quiet her nerves.
7. Talking things over, they agreed never to quarrel again.
After thet were talking things over, they agreed never to quarrel again.

Change the adverbial clauses of time or cause to participial phrases. Note which participles may be
preceded by time words.

Example:
a. Because they were impressed by the young men’s qualifications, they offered him a good job
with their firm.
Impressed by the young men’s qualifications, they offered him a good job with their firm.
b. While he was walking in the park, he suddenly had a heart attack.
Walking in the park, he suddenly had a heart attack.
also While walking in the park, he suddenly had a heart attack.
1. Because he had been defeated three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.
Defeated three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.
2. When they arrived home late at night, they found that the house had been broken into.
Arrived home late at night, they found that the house had been broken into.
3. While he was backing out of his garage, he hit a dog.
Backing out of his garage, he hit a dog
4. Because he strongly influenced by his young friends, the boy dropped out of school for a while.
Strongly influenced by his young friends, the boy dropped out of school for a while
5. Because they found no one at home, they left a note saying they had called.
Found no one at home, they left a note saying they had called
6. Because she did not know that her husband had already contributed, she gave a large sum of money
to the Red Cross.
Not knowing that her husband had already contributed, she gave a large sum of money to the Red
Cross.

INSTRUCTIONS WITH HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Instruction for performing a service may be referred to in the active or passive voice with have.

ACTIVE PASSIVE—WITH PAST PARTICIPLE

I had the painter paint my house last year I had my house painted last year
He had the tailor alter his suit. He had his suit altered.
We had the store deliver the packages. We had the packages delivered.

Change the instructions after have from active to passive. Omit the agent that carries out the
instructions.
Example: She had the maid wax the floors
She had the floors waxed.

1. They had the plumber repair the broken pipe.

They had the broken pipe repaired

2. She had the dressmaker shorten her dress.

She had her dress shortened

3. They are going to have the serviceman install an air-conditioner tomorrow.

They are going to have an air-conditioner installed tomorrow

4. He had his secretary type a dozen letters.

He had a dozen letters typed

5. We should have the gardener spray the lawn with insecticide.

We should have the lawn with insecticide sprayed
6. They had the upholsterer reupholster their living room set.
They had their living room reupholstered

7. They plan to have a contractor build a swimming pool.

They plan to have a swimming pool built

8. I had the drycleaner clean a few dresses.

I had a few dresses cleaned

9.He always has someone make his shirts to order.

He always has his shirts made to order

10. You must have a lawyer draw up your will immediately.

You must have a lawyer will drew up immediately

The end.