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    Waqar Ul Hassan FALL-19/BSCS-017 Dbms

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    Waqar Ul Hassan
    The document discusses several database models including hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, relational, and object-oriented models. It provides details on the key aspects of the entity-relationship model, including that it divides data into entities and attributes, and relationships are created between entities. Attributes can be simple, composite, derived, single-valued, or multi-valued. Entities make up entity sets. The relational model organizes data into tables with relationships maintained through common fields.

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    Waqar Ul Hassan FALL-19/BSCS-017 Dbms

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    Waqar Ul Hassan
    49 views4 pages
    The document discusses several database models including hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, relational, and object-oriented models. It provides details on the key aspects of the entity-relationship model, including that it divides data into entities and attributes, and relationships are created between entities. Attributes can be simple, composite, derived, single-valued, or multi-valued. Entities make up entity sets. The relational model organizes data into tables with relationships maintained through common fields.

    Original Description:

    Database models and its types

    Original Title

    Database Management

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    The document discusses several database models including hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, relational, and object-oriented models. It provides details on the key aspects of the entity-relationship model, including that it divides data into entities and attributes, and relationships are created between entities. Attributes can be simple, composite, derived, single-valued, or multi-valued. Entities make up entity sets. The relational model organizes data into tables with relationships maintained through common fields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    49 views4 pages

    Waqar Ul Hassan FALL-19/BSCS-017 Dbms

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Ul Hassan
    The document discusses several database models including hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, relational, and object-oriented models. It provides details on the key aspects of the entity-relationship model, including that it divides data into entities and attributes, and relationships are created between entities. Attributes can be simple, composite, derived, single-valued, or multi-valued. Entities make up entity sets. The relational model organizes data into tables with relationships maintained through common fields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    WAQAR UL HASSAN

    FALL-19/BSCS-017
    DBMS

    Assignment#1

    Database Model:

    A database model shows the logical structure of a database,


    including the relationships and constraints that determine
    how data can be stored and accessed. Individual database
    models are designed based on the rules and concepts of
    whichever broader data model the designers adopt. Most data
    models can be represented by an accompanying database
    diagram.

    Types of database models:

    There are many kinds of data models. Some of the most


    common ones include:
     Hierarchical database model
     Relational model
     Network model
     Object-oriented database model
     Entity-relationship model
     Document model
     Entity-attribute-value model
     Star schema
     The object-relational model, which combines the two that
    make up its name

    Hierarchical Model
    This database model organises data into a tree-like-structure, with a single root, to
    which all the other data is linked. The heirarchy starts from the Root data, and expands
    like a tree, adding child nodes to the parent nodes.
    In this model, a child node will only have a single parent node.
    This model efficiently describes many real-world relationships like index of a book,
    recipes etc.

    Network Model
    This is an extension of the Hierarchical model. In this model data is organised more like
    a graph, and are allowed to have more than one parent node.
    In this database model data is more related as more relationships are established in this
    database model. Also, as the data is more related, hence accessing the data is also
    easier and fast. This database model was used to map many-to-many data
    relationships.
    Entity-relationship Model
    In this database model, relationships are created by dividing object of interest into entity
    and its characteristics into attributes.
    Different entities are related using relationships.
    E-R Models are defined to represent the relationships into pictorial form to make it
    easier for different stakeholders to understand.

    ER Model: Attributes
    If a Student is an Entity, then student's roll no., student's name, student's age,
    student's gender etc will be its attributes.
    An attribute can be of many types, here are different types of attributes defined in ER
    database model:

    1. Simple attribute: The attributes with values that are atomic and cannot be
    broken down further are simple attributes. For example, student's age.
    2. Composite attribute: A composite attribute is made up of more than one simple
    attribute. For example, student's address will contain, house no., street
    name, pincode etc.
    3. Derived attribute: These are the attributes which are not present in the whole
    database management system, but are derived using other attributes. For
    example, average age of students in a class.
    4. Single-valued attribute: As the name suggests, they have a single value.
    5. Multi-valued attribute: And, they can have multiple values.

    ER Model: Entity and Entity Set


    Considering the above example, Student is an entity, Teacher is an entity,
    similarly, Class, Subject etc are also entities.
    An Entity is generally a real-world object which has characteristics and holds
    relationships in a DBMS.
    If a Student is an Entity, then the complete dataset of all the students will be the Entity
    Set

    Relational Model:

    In this model, data is organised in two-dimensional tables and the relationship is


    maintained by storing a common field.
    This model was introduced by E.F Codd in 1970, and since then it has been the most
    widely used database model, infact, we can say the only database model used around
    the world.
    The basic structure of data in the relational model is tables. All the information related to
    a particular type is stored in rows of that table.

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