The value of radix in binary number system is ..........

1. 2✓
1. 8
1. 10
1. 16

Question 2

The value of radix in octal number system is ..........

2. 2
2. 8✓
2. 10
2. 16

Question 3

The value of radix in decimal number system is ..........

3. 2
3. 8
3. 10 ✓
3. 16

Question 4

The value of radix in hexadecimal number system is ..........

4. 2
4. 8
4. 10
4. 16 ✓

Question 5

Which of the following are not valid symbols in octal number system ?

5. 2
5. 8✓
5. 9✓
5. 7

Question 6

Which of the following are not valid symbols in hexadecimal number system ?

6. 2
6. 8
6. 9
6. G✓
1. F

Question 7
 Which of the following are not valid symbols in decimal number system ?

7. 2
7. 8
7. 9
7. G✓
2. F✓

Question 8

The hexadecimal digits are 1 to 0 and A to ..........

8. E
8. F✓
8. G
8. D

Question 9

The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is ..........

9. 0010
9. 10
9. 1010 ✓
9. 010

Question 10

ASCII code is a 7 bit code for ..........

10. letters
10. numbers
10. other symbol
10. all of these ✓

Question 11

How many bytes are there in 1011 1001 0110 1110 numbers?

11. 1
11. 2✓
11. 4
11. 8

Question 12

The binary equivalent of the octal Numbers 13.54 is.....

12. 1011.1011
12. 1001.1110
12. 1101.1110 ✓
12. None of these

Question 13
 The octal equivalent of 111 010 is.....

13. 81
13. 72 ✓
13. 71
13. 82

Question 14

The input hexadecimal representation of 1110 is ..........

14. 0111
14. E✓
14. 15
14. 14

Question 15

Which of the following is not a binary number ?

15. 1111
15. 101
15. 11E ✓
15. 000

Question 16

Convert the hexadecimal number 2C to decimal:

16. 3A
16. 34
16. 44 ✓
16. 43

Question 17

UTF8 is a type of .......... encoding.

17. ASCII
17. extended ASCII
17. Unicode ✓
17. ISCII

Question 18

UTF32 is a type of .......... encoding.

18. ASCII
18. extended ASCII
18. Unicode ✓
18. ISCII

Question 19

Which of the following is not a valid UTF8 representation?

19. 2 octet (16 bits)
19. 3 octet (24 bits)
19. 4 octet (32 bits)
19. 8 octet (64 bits) ✓

Question 20

Which of the following is not a valid encoding scheme for characters ?

20. ASCII
20. ISCII
20. Unicode
20. ESCII ✓
Fill in the Blanks

Question 1

The Decimal number system is composed of 10 unique symbols.

Question 2

The Binary number system is composed of 2 unique symbols.

Question 3

The Octal number system is composed of 8 unique symbols.

Question 4

The Hexadecimal number system is composed of 16 unique symbols.

Question 5

The illegal digits of octal number system are 8 and 9.

Question 6

Hexadecimal number system recognizes symbols 0 to 9 and A to F.

Question 7

Each octal number is replaced with 3 bits in octal to binary conversion.

Question 8

Each Hexadecimal number is replaced with 4 bits in Hex to binary conversion.

Question 9

ASCII is a 7 bit code while extended ASCII is a 8 bit code.

Question 10

The Unicode encoding scheme can represent all symbols/characters of most languages.

Question 11

The ISCII encoding scheme represents Indian Languages' characters on computers.

Question 12
UTF8 can take upto 4 bytes to represent a symbol.

Question 13

UTF32 takes exactly 4 bytes to represent a symbol.

Question 14

Unicode value of a symbol is called code point.

True/False Questions

Question 1

A computer can work with Decimal number system.

False

Question 2

A computer can work with Binary number system.

True

Question 3

The number of unique symbols in Hexadecimal number system is 15.

False

Question 4

Number systems can also represent characters.

False

Question 5

ISCII is an encoding scheme created for Indian language characters.

True

Question 6

Unicode is able to represent nearly all languages' characters.

True

Question 7

UTF8 is a fixed-length encoding scheme.

False

Question 8

UTF32 is a fixed-length encoding scheme.

True

Question 9

UTF8 is a variable-length encoding scheme and can represent characters in 1 through 4 bytes.
True

Question 10
UTF8 and UTF32 are the only encoding schemes supported by Unicode.
False
Type A: Short Answer Questions

Question 1

What are some number systems used by computers ?

Answer

The most commonly used number systems are decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number
systems.

Question 2

What is the use of Hexadecimal number system on computers ?

Answer

The Hexadecimal number system is used in computers to specify memory addresses (which are
16-bit or 32-bit long). For example, a memory address 1101011010101111 is a big binary
address but with hex it is D6AF which is easier to remember. The Hexadecimal number system is
also used to represent colour codes. For example, FFFFFF represents White, FF0000 represents
Red, etc.

Question 3

What does radix or base signify ?

Answer

The radix or base of a number system signifies how many unique symbols or digits are used in
the number system to represent numbers. For example, the decimal number system has a radix
or base of 10 meaning it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9 to represent numbers.

Question 4

What is the use of encoding schemes ?

Answer

Encoding schemes help Computers represent and recognize letters, numbers and symbols. It
provides a predetermined set of codes for each recognized letter, number and symbol. Most
popular encoding schemes are ASCI, Unicode, ISCII, etc.

Question 5

Discuss UTF-8 encoding scheme.

Answer

UTF-8 is a variable width encoding that can represent every character in Unicode character set.
The code unit of UTF-8 is 8 bits called an octet. It uses 1 to maximum 6 octets to represent code
points depending on their size i.e. sometimes it uses 8 bits to store the character, other times 16
or 24 or more bits. It is a type of multi-byte encoding.
 Question 6

How is UTF-8 encoding scheme different from UTF-32 encoding scheme ?

Answer

UTF-8 is a variable length encoding scheme that uses different number of bytes to represent
different characters whereas UTF-32 is a fixed length encoding scheme that uses exactly 4 bytes
to represent all Unicode code points.

Question 7

What is the most significant bit and the least significant bit in a binary code ?

Answer

In a binary code, the leftmost bit is called the most significant bit or MSB. It carries the largest
weight. The rightmost bit is called the least significant bit or LSB. It carries the smallest weight.
For example:

\begin{matrix} \underset{\bold{MSB}}{1} & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 &

\underset{\bold{LSB}}{0} \end{matrix}MSB1011011LSB0
Question 8

What are ASCII and extended ASCII encoding schemes ?

Answer

ASCII encoding scheme uses a 7-bit code and it represents 128 characters. Its advantages are
simplicity and efficiency. Extended ASCII encoding scheme uses a 8-bit code and it represents
256 characters.

Question 9

What is the utility of ISCII encoding scheme ?

Answer

ISCII or Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange can be used to represent Indian
languages on the computer. It supports Indian languages that follow both Devanagari script and
other scripts like Tamil, Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, etc.

Question 10

What is Unicode ? What is its significance ?

Answer

Unicode is a universal character encoding scheme that can represent different sets of characters
belonging to different languages by assigning a number to each of the character. It has the
following significance:

21. It defines all the characters needed for writing the majority of known languages in use today
across the world.
21. It is a superset of all other character sets.
21. It is used to represent characters across different platforms and programs.

Question 11

What all encoding schemes does Unicode use to represent characters ?

Answer

Unicode uses UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding schemes.

Question 12

What are ASCII and ISCII ? Why are these used ?

Answer

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It uses a 7-bit code and it
can represent 128 characters. ASCII code is mostly used to represent the characters of English
language, standard keyboard characters as well as control characters like Carriage Return and
Form Feed. ISCII stands for Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange. It uses a 8-bit
code and it can represent 256 characters. It retains all ASCII characters and offers coding for
Indian scripts also. Majority of the Indian languages can be represented using ISCII.

Question 13

What are UTF-8 and UTF-32 encoding schemes. Which one is more popular encoding scheme ?

Answer

UTF-8 is a variable length encoding scheme that uses different number of bytes to represent
different characters whereas UTF-32 is a fixed length encoding scheme that uses exactly 4 bytes
to represent all Unicode code points. UTF-8 is the more popular encoding scheme.

Question 14

What do you understand by code point ?

Answer

Code point refers to a code from a code space that represents a single character from the
character set represented by an encoding scheme. For example, 0x41 is one code point of ASCII
that represents character 'A'.

Question 15

What is the difference between fixed length and variable length encoding schemes ?

Answer

Variable length encoding scheme uses different number of bytes or octets (set of 8 bits) to
represent different characters whereas fixed length encoding scheme uses a fixed number of
bytes to represent different characters.
Type B: Application Based Questions

Question 1
Convert the following binary numbers to decimal:

(a) 1101

Answer

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
1211
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 1
)
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
1281
( 3 x
M 8
S =
B 8
)
Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 4 + 8 = 13

Therefore, (1101)2 = (13)10

(b) 111010

Answer

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0210
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 0
)
1221
1 x
2
=
2
0240
2 x
4
=
0
1281
3 x
8
=
8
1211
46x
1
6
=
1
6
1231
( 52x
M 3
S 2
B =
) 3
2
Equivalent decimal number = 2 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 58

Therefore, (111010)2 = (58)10

(c) 101011111

Answer

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
1211
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 1
)
1221
1 x
2
=
2
1241
2 x
4
=
4
1281
3 x
8
=
8
1211
46x
1
6
=
1
6
0230
52x
3
2
=
0
1261
64x
6
4
=
6
4
0210
72x
 81
2
8
=
0
1221
( 85x
M 62
S 5
B 6
) =
2
5
6
Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 64 + 256 = 351

Therefore, (101011111)2 = (351)10

Question 2

Convert the following binary numbers to decimal :

(a) 1100

Answer

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0210
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 0
)
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
1281
( 3 x
M 8
S =
B 8
)
Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 = 12

Therefore, (1100)2 = (12)10

(b) 10010101

Answer

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
1211
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 1
)
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
0280
3 x
8
=
0
1211
46x
1
6
=
1
 6
0230
52x
3
2
=
0
0260
64x
6
4
=
0
1211
( 72x
M 81
S 2
B 8
) =
1
2
8
Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 4 + 16 + 128 = 149

Therefore, (10010101)2 = (149)10

(c) 11011100

Answer

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0210
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 0
)
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
1281
3 x
8
=
8
1211
46x
1
6
=
1
6
0230
52x
3
2
=
0
1261
64x
6
4
=
6
4
1211
( 72x
M 81
S 2
B 8
) =
1
2
8
Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 + 16 + 64 + 128 = 220

Therefore, (11011100)2 = (220)10

Question 3

Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

(a) 23

Answer
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, (23)10 = (10111)2

(b) 100

Answer

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, (100)10 = (1100100)2

(c) 145

Answer

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, (145)10 = (10010001)2

(d) 0.25

Answer

M= R C
u ea
lt s rr
i uy
p lt
ly a
n
t
0=00
. .
2 5
5
x
2
0=01
.
5
x
2
Therefore, (0.25)10 = (0.01)2

Question 4

Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

(a) 19

Answer

2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, (19)10 = (10011)2

(b) 122

Answer

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, (122)10 = (1111010)2
(c) 161

Answer

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, (161)10 = (10100001)2

(d) 0.675

Answer

M=RC
u ea
lts rr
i uy
p lt
lya
n
t
0=01
. .
6 3
7 5
5
x
2
0=00
. .
3 7
5
x
2
0=01
. .
7 4
x
2
0=00
. .
4 8
x
2
0=01
. .
8 6
x
2
(We stop after 5 iterations if fractional part doesn't become 0)

Therefore, (0.675)10 = (0.10101)2

Question 5

Convert the following decimal numbers to octal:

(a) 19

Answer

8
8
8
0
Therefore, (19)10 = (23)8

(b) 122

Answer

8
8
8
8
0
Therefore, (122)10 = (172)8

(c) 161

Answer

Answer

8
8
8
8
0
Therefore, (161)10 = (241)8

(d) 0.675
Answer

M= RC
u ea
lt s rr
i uy
p lt
ly a
n
t
0=05
. .
6 4
7
5
x
8
0=03
. .
4 2
x
8
0=01
. .
2 6
x
8
0=04
. .
6 8
x
8
0=06
. .
8 4
x
8
Therefore, (0.675)10 = (0.53146)8

Question 6

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to binary:

(a) A6

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
6 01
10
A 10
(10 10
)
(A6)16 = (10100110)2

(b) A07

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
7 01
11
0 00
00
A 10
(10 10
)
(A07)16 = (101000000111)2

(c) 7AB4

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
4 01
00
B 10
(11 11
)
A 10
(10 10
)
7 01
11
(7AB4)16 = (111101010110100)2

Question 7

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to binary:

(a) 23D

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
D 11
(13 01
)
3 00
11
2 00
10
(23D)16 = (1000111101)2

(b) BC9

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
9 10
01
C 11
(12 00
)
B 10
(11 11
)
(BC9)16 = (101111001001)2

(c) 9BC8

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
8 10
00
C 11
(12 00
)
B 10
(11 11
)
9 10
01
(9BC8)16 = (1001101111001000)2

Question 8

Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 10011011101

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0100} \quad \underlinesegment{1101} \quad

\underlinesegment{1101}010011011101
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
 l
11 D
01 (13
)
11 D
01 (13
)
01 4
00
Therefore, (10011011101)2 = (4DD)16

(b) 1111011101011011

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1111} \quad \underlinesegment{0111} \quad

\underlinesegment{0101} \quad \underlinesegment{1011}111101110101
1011
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
10 B
11 (11
)
01 5
01
01 7
11
11 F
11 (15
)
Therefore, (1111011101011011)2 = (F75B)16

(c) 11010111010111

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:
\underlinesegment{0011} \quad \underlinesegment{0101} \quad
\underlinesegment{1101} \quad \underlinesegment{0111}001101011101
0111
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
01 7
11
11 D
01 (13
)
01 5
01
00 3
11
Therefore, (11010111010111)2 = (35D7)16

Question 9

Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 1010110110111

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0001} \quad \underlinesegment{0101} \quad

\underlinesegment{1011} \quad \underlinesegment{0111}000101011011
0111
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
01 7
11
10 B
11 (11
)
01 5
01
00 1
01
Therefore, (1010110110111)2 = (15B7)16

(b) 10110111011011

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0010} \quad \underlinesegment{1101} \quad

\underlinesegment{1101} \quad \underlinesegment{1011}001011011101
1011
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
10 B
11 (11
)
11 D
01 (13
)
11 D
01 (13
)
00 2
10
Therefore, (10110111011011)2 = (2DDB)16

(c) 0110101100

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0001} \quad \underlinesegment{1010} \quad

\underlinesegment{1100}000110101100
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
11 C
00 (12
)
10 A
10 (10
)
00 1
01
Therefore, (0110101100)2 = (1AC)16

Question 10

Convert the following octal numbers to decimal:

(a) 257

Answer

OP VR
coae
t wl s
aeuu
l r e lt
N
o
7817
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 7
)
5885
1 x
8
=
4
0
2862
( 24x
M 6
S 4
B =
) 1
2
8
Equivalent decimal number = 7 + 40 + 128 = 175

Therefore, (257)8 = (175)10

(b) 3527

Answer

OP VR
coae
t wl s
aeuu
l r e lt
N
o
7817
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 7
)
2882
1 x
8
=
1
6
5865
24x
6
4
=
3
2
0
3853
( 31x
M 25
S 1
B 2
) =
1
5
3
6
Equivalent decimal number = 7 + 16 + 320 + 1536 = 1879
Therefore, (3527)8 = (1879)10

(c) 123

Answer

OP VR
coae
t wl s
aeuu
l r e lt
N
o
3813
( 0 x
L 1
S =
B 3
)
2882
1 x
8
=
1
6
1861
( 24x
M 6
S 4
B =
) 6
4
Equivalent decimal number = 3 + 16 + 64 = 83

Therefore, (123)8 = (83)10

(d) 605.12

Answer

Integral part

OP VR
coae
t wl s
aeuu
l r e lt
N
o
5815
 0x
1
=
5
0880
1 x
8
=
0
6866
24x
6
4
=
3
8
4

Fractional part

OP VR
coae
t wl s
aeuu
l r e lt
N
o
1801
- . x
110
2.
51
2
5
=
0
.
1
2
5
2802
- . x
200
1.
50
61
5
6
=
 0
.
0
3
1
2
Equivalent decimal number = 5 + 384 + 0.125 + 0.0312 = 389.1562

Therefore, (605.12)8 = (389.1562)10

Question 11

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal:

(a) A6

Answer

HP V R
eoae
x wl s
aeuu
d r e lt
e
c
i
m
a
l
N
u
m
b
e
r
6116
6 x
0 1
=
6
A1 1 1
( 660
11 x
0 1
) 6
=
1
6
0
Equivalent decimal number = 6 + 160 = 166
Therefore, (A6)16 = (166)10

(b) A13B

Answer

HP V R
eoae
x wl s
aeuu
d r e lt
e
c
i
m
a
l
N
u
m
b
e
r
B111
( 6 1
10 x
1 1
) =
1
1
3113
66x
1 1
6
=
4
8
1121
65x
262
5
6
=
2
5
6
A1 4 1
( 600
139x
0 64
) 0
9
6
=
4
0
9
6
0
Equivalent decimal number = 11 + 48 + 256 + 40960 = 41275

Therefore, (A13B)16 = (41275)10

(c) 3A5

Answer

HP V R
eoae
x wl s
aeuu
d r e lt
e
c
i
m
a
l
N
u
m
b
e
r
5115
6 x
0 1
=
5
A1 1 1
( 660
11 x
0 1
) 6
=
1
6
0
3123
65x
 262
5
6
=
7
6
8
Equivalent decimal number = 5 + 160 + 768 = 933

Therefore, (3A5)16 = (933)10

Question 12

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal:

(a) E9

Answer

HP V R
eoae
x wl s
aeuu
d r e lt
e
c
i
m
a
l
N
u
m
b
e
r
9119
6 x
0 1
=
9
E111
( 664
11 x
4 1
) 6
=
2
2
4
Equivalent decimal number = 9 + 224 = 233
Therefore, (E9)16 = (233)10

(b) 7CA3

Answer

HP V R
eoae
x wl s
aeuu
d r e lt
e
c
i
m
a
l
N
u
m
b
e
r
3113
( 6 x
10 1
1 =
) 3
A1 1 1
( 660
11 x
0 1
) 6
=
1
6
0
C1 2 1
( 652
126x
2 2
) 5
6
=
3
0
7
2
7147
60x
 394
60
9
6
=
2
8
6
7
2
Equivalent decimal number = 3 + 160 + 3072 + 28672 = 31907

Therefore, (7CA3)16 = (31907)10

Question 13

Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 132

Answer

16
16
16
0
Therefore, (132)10 = (84)16

(b) 2352

Answer

16
16
16
16
0
Therefore, (2352)10 = (930)16

(c) 122

Answer

16
16
16
0
Therefore, (122)10 = (7A)16

(d) 0.675
Answer

M= RC
u ea
lt s rr
i uy
p lt
ly a
n
t
0=0A
. . (
6 81
7 0
5 )
x
1
6
0=0C
. . (
8 81
x 2
1 )
6
0=0C
. . (
8 81
x 2
1 )
6
0=0C
. . (
8 81
x 2
1 )
6
0=0C
. . (
8 81
x 2
1 )
6
(We stop after 5 iterations if fractional part doesn't become 0)

Therefore, (0.675)10 = (0.ACCCC)16

Question 14

Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 206

Answer

16
16
16
0
Therefore, (206)10 = (CE)16

(b) 3619

Answer

16
16
16
16
0
Therefore, (3619)10 = (E23)16

Question 15

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to octal:

(a) 38AC

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
C 11
(12 00
)
A 10
(10 10
)
8 10
00
3 00
11
(38AC)16 = (11100010101100)2

Grouping in bits of 3:
\
underlinesegment{011}\medspace\underlinesegment{100}\medspace\underli
nesegment{010}\medspace\underlinesegment{101}\medspace\underlineseg
ment{100}011100010101100
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 4
0
10 5
1
01 2
0
10 4
0
01 3
1
(38AC)16 = (34254)8

(b) 7FD6

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
6 01
10
D 11
(13 01
)
F 11
(15 11
)
7 01
11
(7FD6)16 = (111111111010110)2

Grouping in bits of 3:
\
underlinesegment{111}\medspace\underlinesegment{111}\medspace\underli
nesegment{111}\medspace\underlinesegment{010}\medspace\underlineseg
ment{110}111111111010110
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
11 6
0
01 2
0
11 7
1
11 7
1
11 7
1
(7FD6)16 = (77726)8

(c) ABCD

Answer

He Bin
xad ary
eci Eq
ma uiv
l ale
Nu nt
mb
er
D 11
(13 01
)
C 11
(12 00
)
B 10
(11 11
)
A 10
(10 10
)
(ABCD)16 = (1010101111001101)2
Grouping in bits of 3:

\
underlinesegment{001}\medspace\underlinesegment{010}\medspace\underli
nesegment{101}\medspace\underlinesegment{111}\medspace\underlineseg
ment{001}\medspace\underlinesegment{101}001010101111001101
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 5
1
00 1
1
11 7
1
10 5
1
01 2
0
00 1
1
(ABCD)16 = (125715)8

Question 16

Convert the following octal numbers to binary:

(a) 123

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
3 01
1
2 01
0
1 00
1
Therefore, (123)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{001}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{010}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{011}}001010011)2
(b) 3527

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
7 11
1
2 01
0
5 10
1
3 01
1
Therefore, (3527)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{011}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{010}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment
{111}}011101010111)2
(c) 705

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
5 10
1
0 00
0
7 11
1
Therefore, (705)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{000}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}111000101)2
Question 17
Convert the following octal numbers to binary:

(a) 7642

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
2 01
0
4 10
0
6 11
0
7 11
1
Therefore, (7642)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{110}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{100}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment
{010}}111110100010)2
(b) 7015

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
5 10
1
1 00
1
0 00
0
7 11
1
Therefore, (7015)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{000}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{001}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment
{101}}111000001101)2
(c) 3576

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
6 11
0
7 11
1
5 10
1
3 01
1
Therefore, (3576)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{011}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment
{110}}011101111110)2
(d) 705

Answer

Oct Bin
al ary
Nu Eq
mb uiv
er ale
nt
5 10
1
0 00
0
7 11
1
Therefore, (705)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{000}}\
medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}111000101)2
Question 18

Convert the following binary numbers to octal

(a) 111010
Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{111} \quad \underlinesegment{010}111010

Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
01 2
0
11 7
1
Therefore, (111010)2 = (72)8

(b) 110110101

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{110} \quad \underlinesegment{110} \quad

\underlinesegment{101}110110101
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 5
1
11 6
0
11 6
0
Therefore, (110110101)2 = (665)8

(c) 1101100001

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{001} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad

\underlinesegment{100} \quad \underlinesegment{001}001101100001
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
00 1
1
10 4
0
10 5
1
00 1
1
Therefore, (1101100001)2 = (1541)8

Question 19

Convert the following binary numbers to octal

(a) 11001

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{011} \quad \underlinesegment{001}011001

Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
00 1
1
01 3
1
Therefore, (11001)2 = (31)8

(b) 10101100

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{010} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad

\underlinesegment{100}010101100
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 4
0
10 5
1
01 2
0
Therefore, (10101100)2 = (254)8

(c) 111010111

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{111} \quad \underlinesegment{010} \quad

\underlinesegment{111}111010111
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
11 7
1
01 2
0
11 7
1
Therefore, (111010111)2 = (727)8

Question 20

Add the following binary numbers:

(i) 10110111 and 1100101

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} & 1 & 1 &

\overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} & 1 \\ + & & & 1 & 1 &
0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{0}
& \bold{1} & \bold{1} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} \end{matrix}+1
1100110110101010111111100110
Therefore, (10110111)2 + (1100101)2 = (100011100)2

(ii) 110101 and 101111

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0}

& \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} & 1 \\ + & & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 &
1 \\ \hline & \bold{1} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} &
\bold{0} & \bold{0} \end{matrix}+111111100011011110110110
Therefore, (110101)2 + (101111)2 = (1100100)2

(iii) 110111.110 and 11011101.010

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1}

& \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1}
& \overset{1}{1} & . & \overset{1}{1} & 1 & 0 \\ + & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1
& 1 & 0 & 1 & . & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ \hline & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0}
& \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} &
\bold{.} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} \end{matrix}+1011001101100
11110110111111001111...1100110000
Therefore, (110111.110)2 + (11011101.010)2 = (100010101)2

(iv) 1110.110 and 11010.011

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} & 1

& \overset{1}{0} & . & \overset{1}{1} & 1 & 0 \\ + & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0
& . & 0 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{0}
& \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{.} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1}
\end{matrix}+10110111111001100101...1100110011
Therefore, (1110.110)2 + (11010.011)2 = (101001.001)2

Question 21

Given that A's code point in ASCII is 65, and a's code point is 97. What is the binary
representation of 'A' in ASCII ? (and what's its hexadecimal representation). What is the binary
representation of 'a' in ASCII ?

Answer

Binary representation of 'A' in ASCII will be binary representation of its code point 65.
Converting 65 to binary:

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, binary representation of 'A' in ASCII is 1000001.

Converting 65 to Hexadecimal:

16
16
16
0
Therefore, hexadecimal representation of 'A' in ASCII is (41)16.

Similarly, converting 97 to binary:

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Therefore, binary representation of 'a' in ASCII is 1100001.

Question 22

Convert the following binary numbers to decimal, octal and hexadecimal numbers.

(i) 100101.101

Answer

Decimal Conversion of integral part:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
1211
0 x
1
=
1
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
0280
3 x
8
=
0
0210
46x
1
6
=
0
1231
52x
3
2
=
3
2
Decimal Conversion of fractional part:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
1201
- . x
150
 .
5
=
0
.
5
0200
- . x
220
5.
2
5
=
0
1201
- . x
310
2.
51
2
5
=
0
.
1
2
5
Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 4 + 32 + 0.5 + 0.125 = 37.625

Therefore, (100101.101)2 = (37.625)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{100} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad \bold{.}

\quad \underlinesegment{101}100101.101
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 5
1
10 4
0
. .
10 5
1
Therefore, (100101.101)2 = (45.5)8

Hexadecimal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0010} \quad \underlinesegment{0101} \medspace .

\medspace \underlinesegment{1010}00100101.1010
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
01 5
01
00 2
10
.
10 A
10 (10
)
Therefore, (100101.101)2 = (25.A)16

(ii) 10101100.01011

Answer

Decimal Conversion of integral part:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0210
0 x
1
=
0
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
1281
3 x
8
=
8
0210
46x
1
6
=
0
1231
52x
3
2
=
3
2
0260
64x
6
4
=
0
1211
72x
81
2
8
=
1
2
8
Decimal Conversion of fractional part:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0200
- . x
150
.
5
=
0
1201
- . x
220
5.
2
5
=
0
.
2
5
0200
- . x
310
2.
51
2
5
=
0
1201
- . x
400
6.
20
56
2
5
=
0
.
0
6
2
5
1201
- . x
500
 3.
10
23
51
2
5
=
0
.
0
3
1
2
5
Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 + 32 + 128 + 0.25 + 0.0625 + 0.03125 = 172.34375

Therefore, (10101100.01011)2 = (172.34375)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{010} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad

\underlinesegment{100} \quad \bold{.} \quad \underlinesegment{010}
\quad \underlinesegment{110}010101100.010110
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 4
0
10 5
1
01 2
0
. .
01 2
0
11 6
0
Therefore, (10101100.01011)2 = (254.26)8

Hexadecimal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 4:
\underlinesegment{1010} \quad \underlinesegment{1100} \medspace .
\medspace \underlinesegment{0101} \medspace
\underlinesegment{1000}10101100.01011000
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
11 C
00 (12
)
10 A
10 (10
)
.
01 5
01
10 8
00
Therefore, (10101100.01011)2 = (AC.58)16

(iii) 1010

Answer

Decimal Conversion:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0210
0 x
1
=
0
1221
1 x
2
=
 2
0240
2 x
4
=
0
1281
3 x
8
=
8
Equivalent decimal number = 2 + 8 = 10

Therefore, (1010)2 = (10)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{001} \quad \underlinesegment{010}001010

Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
01 2
0
00 1
1
Therefore, (1010)2 = (12)8

Hexadecimal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1010}1010
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
10 A
10 (10
 )
Therefore, (1010)2 = (A)16

(iv) 10101100.010111

Answer

Decimal Conversion of integral part:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0210
0 x
1
=
0
0220
1 x
2
=
0
1241
2 x
4
=
4
1281
3 x
8
=
8
0210
46x
1
6
=
0
1231
52x
3
2
=
3
 2
0260
64x
6
4
=
0
1211
72x
81
2
8
=
1
2
8
Decimal Conversion of fractional part:

BPVR
i oae
n wl s
aeuu
r r e lt
y
N
o
0200
- . x
150
.
5
=
0
1201
- . x
220
5.
2
5
=
0
.
2
5
0200
- . x
310
2.
51
 2
5
=
0
1201
- . x
400
6.
20
56
2
5
=
0
.
0
6
2
5
1201
- . x
500
3.
10
23
51
2
5
=
0
.
0
3
1
2
5
1201
- . x
600
1.
50
61
25
56
2
5
=
0
.
 0
1
5
6
2
5
Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 + 32 + 128 + 0.25 + 0.0625 + 0.03125 + 0.015625 =
172.359375

Therefore, (10101100.010111)2 = (172.359375)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{010} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad

\underlinesegment{100} \quad \bold{.} \quad \underlinesegment{010}
\quad \underlinesegment{111}010101100.010111
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er Oct
al
10 4
0
10 5
1
01 2
0
. .
01 2
0
11 7
1
Therefore, (10101100.010111)2 = (254.27)8

Hexadecimal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1010} \quad \underlinesegment{1100} \medspace .

\medspace \underlinesegment{0101} \medspace
\underlinesegment{1100}10101100.01011100
Bin Eq
ary uiv
Nu ale
mb nt
er He
xad
eci
ma
l
11 C
00 (12
)
10 A
10 (10
)
.
01 5
01
11 C
00 (12
)
Therefore, (10101100.010111)2 = (AC.5C)16