LUGGAGE TRACKING SYSTEM USING GPS TRACKER

A Mini Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements or the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
G. Gnana Priyanka 18A51A0417
M. Sai Shyam 18A51A0433
P. Sravan Kumar 18A51A0452
G. Bharath Kumar 18A51A0415

U​nder the esteemed guidance of

Dr. Ch. Rajasekhara Rao
Professor
Department of ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ADITYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada, Accredited by NBA& NAAC With A+
Recognized by UGC under Section 2(f) & 12(B))
TEKKALI, ANDHRA PRADESH
2020

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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ADITYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
TEKKALI

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project work entitled ​“LUGGAGE TRACKING
SYSTEM USING GPS TRACKER​”​, ​is a bonafide work done by G.Gnana Priyanka
(18A51A0417), M.Sai Shyam(18A51A0433), P.Sravan Kumar(18A51A0452),
G.Bharath Kumar(18A51A0415) ​and submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of ​BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING​.

Dr.D. YUGANDHAR, Dr. Ch. Rajasekhara Rao

(M. Tech, Ph.D., MISTIE, MIETE) Professor
Head of the Dept. Department of ECE
Department of ECE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and immense sense of gratitude that we acknowledge
the help of these individuals. We are highly indebted to Director ​Prof.V.V. Nageswara rao ​and
Principal ​A.S. Srinivasa Rao​, for the facilities provided to accomplish this mini project.

We would like to thank our head of the department Dr. D. Yugandhar, ​for his
constructive criticism throughout the project.

We feel elated in manifesting our sense of gratitude to our guide ​Dr. Ch.
Rajasekhara Rao ​for his valuable guidance .He has been a constant source of inspiration for us
and we are very deeply thankful to him for his support and invaluable advice​.

We are extremely grateful to my department staff members, lab technicians and

non-teaching staff members for their extreme help throughout our project.

Finally, we express our heartfelt thanks to all my friends who helped in successful
completion of this project.

G. Gnana Priyanka

M. Sai Shyam

P. Sravan Kumar

G. Bharath Kumar

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 DEPARTMENT OF ECE

Vision of the Department:

Create high quality engineering professionals through research, innovation and team work
for a lasting technology development in the area of electronics and communication
engineering.
Mission of the Department:
1. ​To offer a well balanced program of instruction, lab practices, research &
development activities, product incubation.
2. ​Develop accomplished technical personnel with a strong background on fundamental
and advanced concepts, have excellent professional conduct.
3. ​Enhance overall personality development which includes innovative and group
work exercises, entrepreneur skills, communication skills and employability.
4. ​Ensuring an effective teaching-learning process to provide in-depth knowledge of
principals and its applications to electronics and communication engineering and
interdisciplinary areas. ​5. ​Providing industry and development interactions through
consultancy and sponsored research.
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) Of B.Tech in ECE:
PEO I: The graduates would be employed as a practicing engineer in fields such as
design, testing and manufacturing.

PEO II: the graduates would be able to imbibe research, development and
entrepreneurship skills.

PEO III: The graduates would be engaged lifelong self director learning to maintain
and enhance professional skills.

PEO IV: The graduates will be able to exhibit communication skills, team spirit,
leadership skills and ethics with social responsibility.

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES:

Engineering Graduates Will Be Able To:

1. ​Engineering Knowledge: ​Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. ​Problem analysis: ​Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse complex
engineering problems reaching sustained conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
3. ​Design/ development of solutions: ​Design solution for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety and the cultural, societal and
environment considerations.
4. ​Conduct investigations of complex problems: ​Use research based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. ​Modern tool usage: ​Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and its tools including prediction and modelling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. ​The engineer and society: ​Apply reasoning informal by the contextual knowledge to
access societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. ​Environment and sustainability: ​Understand the impact of professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. ​Ethics: ​Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
9. ​Individual and team work: ​Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. ​Communication: ​Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with

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the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend
bright effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
11.Project management and finance: ​Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one's own work as a member
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12.Lifelong learning: ​Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PSO –PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

PSO1: The competency in the application of circuit analysis and design.

PSO II: An ability to solve electronics and communication engineering problems using the
latest hardware and software tools, along with analytical skills to arrive cost effective and
appropriate solutions.

PSO III: The ability to pursue higher studies in either India and abroad and also lead a
successful career with professional ethics.

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ABSTRACT:

The commonest practice of many people carrying their

luggage with them while making a trip or journey with valuable items.

In some cases, people generally lose their luggage out of forgetting and

thefts. To take the edge off these circumstances, a solution has been

carried out through the ​“Luggage Tracking System” ​with which people

can locate their luggage by using GPS Tracker. One needs one’s

Arduino with Quad band module (SIM908) at a certain hidden place in

your bag. Whenever the things happen wrong, Arduino hidden in your

bag can be phoned and it will send an SMS with the location, longitude

and latitude at the moment. So that the suffered persons can easily track

the location of their luggage through updating the information of

luggage location​.

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INTRODUCTION:
Nowadays, the luggage tracking system is implemented using

GPS+GPRS module which rely on proximity to trace the luggage. The module is

paired with the owner's smartphone to keep track of luggage and performs

analytics. Luggage tracking system enables users to keep an eye on their luggage

while sitting remotely and provides more control in terms of security. By this users

can know about the status of their luggage through smartphones. In some cases,

people generally lose/ forget their luggage. To take the edge off these

circumstances we came with a solution by “​Luggage Tracking System”. By this

people can locate their luggage using GPS Tracker. You just need to install your

Arduino with the Quad band module (SIM908) in a hidden place in your bag.

When you think something is wrong call immediately to your Arduino, hidden in

your bag and it will send an SMS with the location, longitude and latitude at the

moment, it also sends the GPS data to a web server with real time position. So that

people can easily track the location of their luggage in a simple manner.

Extra-feature is not only luggage while transporting our packages we can utilize

this tracking system. By that we can get the updates of our luggage.

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Index:
1. Introduction----------------------------------------------------------12
1.1. What is wireless communication------------------------12
1.1.1. What is an electromagnetic wave--------------13
1.1.2. A Brief History of Communication System---13
1.2. What is Wireless Communication?---------------------14
1.2.1. Advantages of Wireless Communication
System---------------------------------------------------15
1.2.1.1. Cost--------------------------------------------15
1.2.1.2. Mobility--------------------------------------16
1.2.1.3. Ease of installation------------------------16
1.2.1.4. Reliability------------------------------------16
1.2.1.5. Disaster recovery--------------------------16
1.2.2. Disadvantages of Wireless
communication system-----------------------------16
1.2.2.1. Interference---------------------------------16
1.2.2.2. Security--------------------------------------17
1.2.2.3. Health Concerns---------------------------17
1.3. Basic elements of Communication System-----------17
1.3.1. The transmission path----------------------------17

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 1.3.2. The Channel-----------------------------------------18
1.3.3. The Reception path--------------------------------18
1.4. Types of Wireless Communication Systems----------19
1.4.1. Television and Radio Broadcasting-------------20
​ 1.4.2. Satellite Communication--------------------------21
1.4.3. Mobile telephone Communication
system----------------------------------------------------21
1.4.4. GPS (Global positioning system)----------------21
1.4.5. Bluetooth----------------------------------------------21
1.4.6. Paging--------------------------------------------------21
1.4.7. Wireless local Area network (WLAN)----------22
1.4.8. Infrared Communication--------------------------22
2. Literature Survey---------------------------------------------------23
2.1 Mobile Tracking System Using GPS-----------------------23
2.2 Vehicle Tracking System Using IoT------------------------23
3. Ingredients----------------------------------------------------------24
3.1. Arduino UNO--------------------------------------------------24
3.1.1. Pins------------------------------------------------------25
3.1.2. Special Pin Functions-------------------------------26
3.1.3. Communication--------------------------------------26
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 3.1.4. Sim Quad Band Module---------------------------27
3.2. Precautions----------------------------------------------------30
3.3. Software Code------------------------------------------------31
3.4. Final Assembly------------------------------------------------33
4. Result------------------------------------------------------------------36
5. Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------38
6. References-----------------------------------------------------------39

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1. Introduction​:
Wireless Communication is the fastest growing and most vibrant
technological area in the communication field. Wireless Communication is a
method of transmitting information from one point to another, without using any
connection like wires, cables or any physical medium.

Generally, in a communication system, information is transmitted from transmitter

to receiver that are placed over a limited distance. With the help of Wireless
Communication, the transmitter and receiver can be placed anywhere between a
few meters (like a T.V. Remote Control) to a few thousand kilometers (Satellite
Communication).

We live in a World of communication and Wireless Communication, in particular,

is a key part of our lives. Some of the commonly used Wireless Communication
Systems in our day – to – day life are: Mobile Phones, GPS Receivers, Remote
Controls, Bluetooth Audio and Wi-Fi etc.

1.1. ​What is Wireless Communication?

Communication Systems can be Wired or Wireless and the medium used
for communication can be Guided or Unguided. In Wired Communication, the
medium is a physical path like Co-axial Cables, Twisted Pair Cables and Optical
Fiber Links etc. which guides the signal to propagate from one point to another.

Such a type of medium is called Guided Medium. On the other hand, Wireless
Communication doesn’t require any physical medium but propagates the signal
through space. Since, space only allows for signal transmission without any
guidance, the medium used in Wireless Communication is called Unguided
Medium.

If there is no physical medium, then how does wireless communication transmit

signals? Even though there are no cables used in wireless communication, the
transmission and reception of signals is accomplished with Antennas.

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 Antennas are electrical devices that transform the electrical signals to radio
signals in the form of Electromagnetic (EM) Waves and vice versa. These
Electromagnetic Waves propagate through space. Hence, both transmitter and
receiver consist of an antenna.

1.1.1. ​What is the Electromagnetic Wave?

Electromagnetic Waves carry the electromagnetic energy of electromagnetic
fields through space. Electromagnetic Waves include Gamma Rays (γ – Rays), X –
Rays, Ultraviolet Rays, Visible Light, Infrared Rays, Microwave Rays and Radio
Waves. Electromagnetic Waves (usually Radio Waves) are used in wireless
communication to carry the signals.

An Electromagnetic Wave consists of both electric and magnetic fields in the form
of time varying sinusoidal waves. Both these fields are oscillating perpendicular to
each other and the direction of propagation of the Electromagnetic Wave is again
perpendicular to both these fields.

Mathematically, an Electromagnetic Wave can be described using Maxwell’s

equations. Pictorial representation of an Electromagnetic Wave is shown below
where the Electric Field is acting in the Y – axis, magnetic field is acting in the Z –
axis and the Electromagnetic Wave propagates in X – axis.

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1.1.2. ​A Brief History Of Communication System
Since the use of smoke signals, flags and flashing mirrors in the pre –
historic period, Wireless communication has been a part of human life and is
continuously evolving. Modern Wireless Communication i.e. using electrical
signals and radio waves for communication has been around us for more than 100
years.

In the year 1897, Guglielmo Marconi successfully demonstrated the Wireless

Telegraphy by sending EM Waves for a short distance of 100 meters. This
demonstration paved the way for Radio Communication and the term Radio is
derived from Radiant Energy.

By early 1900’s, Trans – Atlantic radio transmission had been established, where
Marconi successfully transmitted messages in the form of Morse code. Since then,
the technology related to wireless communication and wireless systems has
advanced rapidly and thus enabling transmissions over longer distances at low cost
with cheaper devices.

Throughout the development of wireless communication, there are many wireless

systems and methods that flourished and many disappeared. The best example for
this is Telephone Communication and Television Transmission. Initially, all
telephone related communication was carried out (and still is) using a wired
network.

But the rapid growth of Mobile Communication started to replace the complex
wired telephone system. In this scenario, the wired technology became outdated
and got replaced by wireless communication.

Another scenario where wireless communication got replaced by wired

communication is Television broadcasting. In the early days, television signals
were broadcasted using wireless radio transmitters. But this setup got replaced by
cable television.

1. These two examples point out that with the development of technology, we
always have to choose what’s best for the situation i.e. in some areas we have to

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 use wired communication whereas in the other, going for wireless may be a
better option.

1.2.​ What is Wireless Communication?

When wired communication can do most of the tasks that a wireless

communication can, why do we need Wireless Communication? The primary and
important benefit of wireless communication is mobility.

Apart from mobility, wireless communication also offers flexibility and ease of
use, which makes it increasingly popular day – by – day. Wireless Communication
like mobile telephony can be made anywhere and anytime with a considerably high
throughput performance.

Another important point is infrastructure. The setup and installation of

infrastructure for wired communication systems is an expensive and time
consuming job. The infrastructure for wireless communication can be installed
easily and low cost.

In emergency situations and remote locations, where the setup of wired

communication is difficult, wireless communication is a viable option.

1.2.1. Advantages of Wireless Communication

There are numerous advantages of Wireless Communication Technology,

Wireless Networking and Wireless Systems over Wired Communication like Cost,
Mobility, Ease of Installation, and Reliability etc.

1.2.1.1. Cost

The cost of installing wires, cables and other infrastructure is eliminated in

wireless communication and hence lowering the overall cost of the system
compared to wired communication systems. Installing a wired network in a
building, digging up the Earth to lay the cables and running those wires across the
streets is an extremely difficult, costly and time consuming job.
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In historical buildings, drilling holes for cables is not a best idea as it destroys the
integrity and importance of the building. Also, in older buildings with no dedicated
lines for communication, wireless communication like Wi-Fi or Wireless LAN is
the only option.

1.2.1.2. Mobility
As mentioned earlier, mobility is the main advantage of wireless
communication system. It offers the freedom to move around while still connected to
the network.

1.2.1.3. Ease of Installation

The setup and installation of wireless communication network’s equipment
and infrastructure is very easy as we need not worry about the hassle of cables.
Also, the time required to set up a wireless system like a Wi-Fi network for
example, is very less when compared to setting up a full cabled network​.

1.2.1.4. Reliability
Since there are no cables and wires involved in wireless communication,
there is no chance of communication failure due to damage of these cables which
may be caused by environmental conditions, cable splice and natural diminution of
metallic conductors​.

1.2.1.5. Disaster Recovery

In case of accidents due to fire, floods or other disasters, the loss of
communication infrastructure in wireless communication systems can be minimal.

1.2.2. Disadvantages of Wireless Communication

Even though wireless communication has a number of advantages over wired
communication, there are a few disadvantages as well. The most concerning
disadvantages are Interference, Security and Health.

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1.2.2.1. Interference
Wireless Communication systems use open space as the medium for
transmitting signals. As a result, there is a huge chance that radio signals from one
wireless communication system or network might interfere with other signals.

The best example is Bluetooth and Wi-Fi (WLAN). Both these technologies use the
2.4GHz frequency for communication and when both of these devices are active
at the same time, there is a chance of interference​.

1.2.2.2. Security
One of the main concerns of wireless communication is Security of the data.
Since the signals are transmitted in open space, it is possible that an intruder can
intercept the signals and copy sensitive information.

1.2.2.3. Health Concerns

Continuous exposure to any type of radiation can be hazardous. Even though
the levels of RF energy that can cause the damage are not accurately established, it
is advised to avoid RF radiation to the maximum.

1.3. Basic Elements of a Wireless Communication System

A typical Wireless Communication System can be divided into three
elements: the Transmitter, the Channel and the Receiver. The following image
shows the block diagram of the wireless communication system.

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1.3.1. The Transmission Path
A typical transmission path of a Wireless Communication System consists
of Encoder, Encryption, Modulation and Multiplexing. The signal from the source
is passed through a Source Encoder, which converts the signal into a suitable form
for applying signal processing techniques.

The redundant information from signals is removed in this process in order to

maximize the utilization of resources. This signal is then encrypted using an
Encryption Standard so that the signal and the information is secured and doesn’t
allow any unauthorized access.

Channel Encoding is a technique that is applied to the signal to reduce the

impairments like noise, interference, etc. During this process, a small amount of
redundancy is introduced to the signal so that it becomes robust against noise. Then
the signal is modulated using a suitable Modulation Technique (like PSK, FSK and
QPSK etc.) , so that the signal can be easily transmitted using an antenna.

The modulated signal is then multiplexed with other signals using different
Multiplexing Techniques like Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) or Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM) to share the valuable bandwidth.

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1.3.2. The Channel
The channel in Wireless Communication indicates the medium of
transmission of the signal i.e. open space. A wireless channel is unpredictable and
also highly variable and random in nature. A channel maybe subject to
interference, distortion, noise, scattering etc. and the result is that the received
signal may be filled with errors.

1.3.3. The Reception Path

The job of the Receiver is to collect the signal from the channel and
reproduce it as the source signal. The reception path of a Wireless Communication
System comprises Demultiplexing , Demodulation, Channel Decoding, Decryption
and Source Decoding. From the components of the reception path it is clear that
the task of the receiver is just the inverse to that of the transmitter.

The signal from the channel is received by the Demultiplexer and is separated from
other signals. The individual signals are demodulated using appropriate
Demodulation Techniques and the original message signal is recovered. The
redundant bits from the message are removed using the Channel Decoder.

Since the message is encrypted, Decryption of the signal removes the

security and turns it into a simple sequence of bits. Finally, this signal is given to
the Source Decoder to get back the original transmitted message or signal.

1.4. Types of Wireless Communication Systems

Today, people need Mobile Phones for many things like talking, internet,
multimedia etc. All these services must be made available to the user on the go i.e.
while the user is mobile. With the help of these wireless communication services,
we can transfer voice, data, videos, images etc.

Wireless Communication Systems also provide different services like video

conferencing, cellular telephone, paging, TV, Radio etc. Due to the need for
variety of communication services, different types of Wireless Communication
Systems are developed. Some of the important Wireless Communication Systems
available today are:
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 ● Television and Radio Broadcasting
● Satellite Communication
● Radar
● Mobile Telephone System (Cellular Communication)
● Global Positioning System (GPS)
● Infrared Communication
● WLAN (Wi-Fi)
● Bluetooth
● Paging
● Cordless Phones
● Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

There are many other systems with each being useful for different
applications. Wireless Communication systems can be again classified as Simplex,
Half Duplex and Full Duplex. Simplex communication is one way communication.
An example is the Radio broadcast system.

Half Duplex is two way communication but not simultaneous one. An

example is walkie – talkie (civilian band radio). Full Duplex is also two way
communication and it is a simultaneous one. Best example for a full duplex is
mobile phones.

The devices used for Wireless Communication may vary from one service to
another and they may have different size, shape, data throughput and cost. The area
covered by a Wireless Communication system is also an important factor. The
wireless networks may be limited to a building, an office campus, a city, a small
regional area (greater than a city) or might have global coverage.

We will see a brief note about some of the important Wireless

Communication Systems.

1.4.1. Television and Radio Broadcasting

Radio is considered to be the first wireless service to be broadcast. It is an
example of a Simplex Communication System where the information is transmitted
only in one direction and all the users receive the same data.

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1.4.2. Satellite Communication
Satellite Communication System is an important type of Wireless
Communication. Satellite Communication Networks provide worldwide coverage
independent to population density.

Satellite Communication Systems offer telecommunication (Satellite Phones),

positioning and navigation (GPS), broadcasting, internet, etc. Other wireless
services like mobile, television broadcasting and other radio systems are dependent
on Satellite Communication Systems.

1.4.3. Mobile Telephone Communication System

Perhaps, the most commonly used wireless communication system is the
Mobile Phone Technology. The development of mobile cellular devices changed
the World like no other technology. Today’s mobile phones are not limited to just
making calls but are integrated with numerous other features like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
GPS, and FM Radio.

1.4.4. Global Positioning System (GPS)

GPS is solely a subcategory of satellite communication. GPS provides
different wireless services like navigation, positioning, location, speed etc. with the
help of dedicated GPS receivers and satellites​.

1.4.5. Bluetooth
Bluetooth is another important low range wireless communication system.
It provides data, voice and audio transmission with a transmission range of 10
meters. Almost all mobile phones, tablets and laptops are equipped with Bluetooth
devices. They can be connected to wireless Bluetooth receivers, audio equipment,
cameras etc​.

1.4.6. Paging
Although it is considered an obsolete technology, paging was a major
success before the widespread use of mobile phones. Paging provides information
in the form of messages and it is a simplex system i.e. the user can only receive the
messages.

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1.4.7. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Wireless Local Area Network or WLAN (Wi-Fi) is an internet related
wireless service. Using WLAN, different devices like laptops and mobile phones
can connect to an access point and access the internet.

1.4.8. Infrared Communication

Infrared Communication is another commonly used wireless communication
in our daily lives. It uses the infrared waves of the Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.
Infrared (IR) Communication is used in remote controls of Televisions, cars, audio
equipment etc.

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2​. ​LITERATURE SURVEY:
2.1 MOBILE TRACKING SYSTEM:

With recent technological advancement of modern science people are

now expecting the information about the location of any object for tracking
purposes. Presently, we want more location based services for being advanced and
to save time and money also. GPS is a system which is already implemented and
everyone can access it without any restriction. Having the facility of GPS to
develop this system we need a GPS device to calculate the location from the
information taken from GPS. Hence, we have chosen Android devices to perform
these calculations because Android mobile phones are cost effective and offer
multidimensional purposes having some special built-in features like GPS service.
Thus, this system is developed for location tracking of a group of people with a
proximity alert system using various latest demanding tools and technology like
Jason, Java, AVD, LAMP etc

2.2 VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM USING IOT:

In this project we are going one step ahead with GPS and going to track
a vehicle using GPS and GSM. Tracking of vehicles is a process in which we track
the vehicle location in the form of latitudes and longitudes.GPS coordinates are the
value of location. This system is very efficient for outdoor application purposes.
Arduino controls all the hardware components, Currently almost all of the public
has their own vehicle.Theft is happening in parking and sometimes driving
insecurity places. The place of vehicle identified using GPS and GSM. When the
theft is identified, the responsible person sends an SMS.

By referencing of above two projects we got an fascinating idea named ​“

LUGGAGE TRACKING SYSTEM”

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​3. Ingredients​:

3.1. Arduino UNO:

The ​Arduino UNO​ is an ​open-source​ ​microcontroller board​ based on

the ​Microchip​ ​ATmega328P​ microcontroller and developed by ​Arduino.cc​.[2]​ ​ [3]​ The
board is equipped with sets of digital and analog ​input/output​ (I/O) pins that may
be interfaced to various ​expansion boards​ (shields) and other circuits.​[1]​ The board
has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of ​PWM​ output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is
programmable with the ​Arduino IDE​ (Integrated Development Environment), via a
type B ​USB cable​.[4]​
​ It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external ​9-volt
battery​, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to
the ​Arduino Nano​ and Leonardo.​[5]​[6]​ The hardware reference design is distributed
under a ​Creative Commons​ Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on
the Arduino website. Layout and production files for some versions of the
hardware are also available.
The word "​uno​" means "one" in ​Italian​ and was chosen to mark the initial
release of ​Arduino Software​.[1]​
​ The Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based
Arduino ​boards;​ it and version 1.0 of the Arduino ​IDE​ were the reference
[3]​

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versions of Arduino, which have now evolved to newer releases.​[4]​ The
ATmega328 on the board comes pre programmed with a ​bootloader​ that allows
uploading new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.​[3]
While the Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol,​[1]​ it
differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial
driver chip. Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a ​USB-to-serial converter​.
3.1.1. Pins​:

General pin functions

● LED​: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is high
value, the LED is on, when the pin is low, it is off.
● VIN​: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it is using an
external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other
regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if
supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
● 5V​: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board
can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB
connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-20V). Supplying voltage via the
5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.
● 3V3​: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50 mA.
● GND​: Ground pins.
● IOREF​: This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference
with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read
the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source, or enable
voltage translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.
● Reset​: Typically used to add a reset button to shields that block the one on the
board.​[7]

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3.1.2. Special pin functions:
Each of the 14 digital pins and 6 analog pins on the Uno can be used as an
input or output, under software control (using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and
digitalRead() functions). They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive
20 mA as the recommended operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor
(disconnected by default) of 20-50K ohm. A maximum of 40mA must not be
exceeded on any I/O pin to avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller. The
Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5; each provides 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default, they measure from ground to 5
volts, though it is possible to change the upper end of the range using the AREF
pin and the analogReference() function.​[7]
In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

● Serial​ ​/ ​UART​: pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit
(TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the
ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL serial chip.
● External interrupts​: pins 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an
interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
● PWM​ ​(pulse-width modulation): pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Can provide 8-bit
PWM output with the analog Write () function.
● SPI​ ​(Serial Peripheral Interface): pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), and 13
(SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
● TWI​ (two-wire interface) / ​I²C​: pin SDA (A4) and pin SCL (A5). Support TWI
communication using the Wire library.
● AREF​ (analog reference): Reference voltage for the analog inputs.​[7]

3.1.3. Communication:
The Arduino/Genuino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating
with a computer, another Arduino/Genuino board, or other microcontrollers. The
ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available
on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this
serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on
the computer. The 16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no
external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. Arduino
Software (IDE) includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be
sent to and from the board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when
data ​is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the

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computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial
library allows serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins.​[7]
3.1.4. SIM Quad band module:
SIM908 Module is a high-performance quad-band GSM / GPRS / GPS
module of industrial grade, which can be controlled via the AT command set. It
can be used to make or receive calls, to send and to receive SMS messages.
Moreover, it can be used to send and to receive data after connecting to the
network. Besides, it can realize global positioning by locating its geographical
position with GPS.

STEP 2: Hardware selection:

​ PRS+GPS
The board (shield) we are going to use in this tutorial is the G
Quadband Module for Arduino (SIM908)​ from Cooking hacks.
The GPRS+GPS shield is fully compatible with old Arduino USB versions,
Duemilanove and Mega.
GPRS+GPS shield diagram (top):

27​ | ​Page
GPRS+GPS shield diagram (bottom):

The LED of the shield shows the status of the GPRS+GPS module. The table
below shows the meaning of the blink of the LED.

Status SIM908 behavior

Off SIM908 is not running

64ms On/ 800ms Off SIM908 not registered the

network

64ms On/ 3000ms Off SIM908 registered to the

network

SIM908 registered to the PPP GPRS communication is

network  established

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 STEP 3: System assembly:

Antenna availability
We recommend the usage of the following antennas:
● Internal 3G/GPRS/GSM antenna
● External 3G/GPRS/GSM antenna
● Internal GPS antenna
● External GPS antenna
Connect the antennas to the shield:

29​ | ​Page
 Connect the shield to the Arduino:

3.2. Precautions​:
● Handle with care the internal antenna. It's fragile.
● The GPS antenna must be in horizontal position.
● To improve the satellite's signal, the antenna has to be in a place with a clear sky
view (no trees, no buildings...).

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 3.3. Software Arduino Code:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial gps(10,11); // RX, TX void serialEvent()

//String str=""; {

char str[70]; while(Serial.available())

String gpsString=""; {

char *test="$GPGGA"; if(Serial.find("Track Vehicle"))

String latitude="No Range "; {

String longitude="No Range "; temp=1;

int temp=0,i; break;

boolean gps_status=0; }

void setup() else

{ temp=0;

Serial.begin(9600); }

gps.begin(9600); }

delay(2000); void gpsEvent()

gsm_init(); {

get_gps(); gpsString="";

delay(2000); while(1)

} {

void loop() while (gps.available()>0)

{ {

serialEvent(); char inChar = (char)gps.read();

if(temp) gpsString+= inChar;

{ i++;

get_gps(); if (i < 7)

tracking(); {

} if(gpsString[i-1] != test[i-1])

} {

i=0; {

gpsString=""; Serial.println("ATE0");

} while(Serial.available()>0)

} {

if(inChar=='\r') if(Serial.find("OK"))

{ echo_flag=0;

31​ | ​Page
 if(i>65) }
{ delay(1000);
gps_status=1; }
break; {
} if(Serial.find("OK"))
else }
{ }
i=0; void init_sms()
}
} Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
} delay(400);
if(gps_status) Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91**********\""); //
use your 10 digit cell no. here
break;
at_flag=0;
}
}
}
{
void gsm_init()
Serial.println("AT+CPIN?");
{
while(Serial.available()>0)
Serial.println("AT");
{
while(Serial.available()>0)
if(Serial.find("+CPIN: READY"))
net_flag=0;
delay(1000);
}
}
delay(1000);
gpsEvent();
}
int str_lenth=i;
void get_gps()
latitude="";
{
longitude="";
gps_status=0;
int comma=0;
int x=0;
while(x<str_lenth)
while(gps_status==0)
{
{
if(gpsString[x]==',')
delay(400);
comma++;
}
if(comma==2) //extract latitude from string
void send_data(String message)
latitude+=gpsString[x+1];
{
else if(comma==4) //extract longitude from
string Serial.println(message);
longitude+=gpsString[x+1]; delay(200);
x++; }
} void send_sms()
int l1=latitude.length(); {

32​ | ​Page
 latitude[l1-1]=' '; Serial.write(26);
l1=longitude.length(); }
longitude[l1-1]=' '; void tracking()
delay(2000) {
send_data("Vehicle Tracking Alert:"); init_sms();
send_data("Your Vehicle Current Location is:"); send_data("Please take some action
soon..\nThankyou");
send_data(latitude);
send_sms();
send_data(longitude);
delay(2000);
}

3.4. Final Assembly​:

You can fix the batteries to the module with flanges so the whole system will
need less room and you will be able to place it better in your bag.

33​ | ​Page
STEP 4: Software
In this step we use an Arduino UNO with the GPRS+GPS(SIM908) shield
to send GPS coordinates to a mobile with a SMS and through HTTP when you call
the module and your number is correct.
Remember, the serial communication jumpers have to be set on Arduino position​.

Identify your phone number and send GPS coordinates

When the person sends a message to the module and if the phone number is
correct, the GPS obtains longitude and latitude, sends you a SMS with the position
and sends the GPS data to the mobile in the form of an URL.
First step:
Load the next sketch into your arduino and then assemble the GPRS+GPS
shield with the antennas and the sim card installed. Remember, you must configure
your APN, login and password. If you don't do this, the GPRS+GPS cannot
connect to the GPRS network. Also, you must set the URL with the IP address of
the specific mobile.

34​ | ​Page
Second Step:
When the GPS fixes the GPS satellites, the GPRS+GPS shield will connect
to the network and it will send the GPS data through the Internet to the mobile in
the form of an URL.
After the Arrival of URL. Search that URL in google then the details such as
latitudes, longitudes and position of the baggage by using this tracker.

35​ | ​Page
 
4. Results
The SIM908 module identifies your phone number when you message it and
if it is correct, the GPS fixes the GPS satellites. The GPRS+GPS shield will
connect to the network and will send the GPS data through URL request. Then we
can show the position of the device in Google Maps.
It's very simple a GPS module to get position data and the 3G module that sends
the URL request with the coordinates of the Luggage. It starts to send the
URLrequest every few seconds with data of the position (latitude and longitude).
When you find your Luggage, you only have to reset your arduino and it is ready
to work again!

​fig (1) fig(2)

fig (1): It represents the final assemblance of our project “Luggage Tracking
system using GPS Tracker”.
fig (2): We got the locations of our luggage when we came in touch with the GPS
Tracker using the GSM module. Here location includes both latitudes and
longitudes

36​ | ​Page
 fig(3): Location of Luggage
This chapter discusses the results and any limitations and problems
encountered during the period of the project. Managed to successfully apply the
“LUGGAGE TRACKING SYSTEM” and it was user friendly and cost
effective. User friendly as in anyone can use just a click of a URL on a
smartphone screen and everything works. And it is cost-effective as in it will cost
exactly as the project requires (optimum price). Figure shows the prototype of the
system.

37​ | ​Page
5. CONCLUSIONS :

This chapter confers on the conclusion of Luggage Tracking System Using IoT and
discusses some future recommendations.
It can be concluded that “LUGGAGE TRACKING SYSTEM” was a success.
This system consists of an Arduino-Uno board, a GPS Module, a GSM Module
and a Google Map Application. It is user friendly and it is cost effective. Also it
can be concluded that the objectives of this project has been successfully met and
they are as follows:

Constructed a luggage tracking system controlled by a smartphone

specifically an embedded device. Designed and implemented a cost effective
luggage tracking system yet an efficient one. Designed a user friendly and a safe
system to control luggage especially aimed to aid the elders.

38​ | ​Page
6. References
1. ^ ​Jump up to:​a​ b​ ​ c​ ​ d​ ​ ​"Arduino UNO for beginners - Projects, Programming
and Parts"​. makerspaces.com. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
2. ^​ ​http://medea.mah.se/2013/04/arduino-faq/
3. ^ ​Jump up to:​a​ b​ ​ c​ ​ ​"What is Arduino?"​. learn.sparkfun.com. Retrieved 4
February 2018.
4. ^ ​Jump up to:​a​ b​ ​ ​"Introduction to Arduino"​ (PDF). priceton.edu. Archived
from t​ he original​ (PDF) on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
5. ^​ ​"Arduino".​ store.arduino.cc. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
6. ^​ ​https://arduino.cc​ ​https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-leonardo-with-head
ers
7. ^ ​Jump up to:​a​ b​ ​ c​ ​ d​ ​ e​ ​ f​ ​ g​ ​ h​ ​ ​official website​. Content was copied from
this source, which is licensed under the ​Creative Commons
Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license​.
8. ^ ​Jump up to:​a​ b​ ​ ​Hernando Barragán (2016-01-01). "​ The Untold History of
Arduino".​ arduinohistory.github.io. Retrieved 2016-03-06.

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