Data Compression MCQ

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Data Compression MCQ
Cryptograpgy and network security (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University)
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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression
Multiple Choice Questions

On
DATA COMPRESSION
By
Mr. Sandeep Vishwakarma
Assistant Professor
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Technical University,Lucknow
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1. Data compression means to ______ the file size.

(A) Increase
(B) Decrease
(C) Can't say
(D) None of the above
Answer
Correct option is B
2. Data compression and encryption both work on binary code.

(A) False
(B) True
Answer
Correct option is B
3. What is compression?
(A) To compress something by pressing it very hardly
(B) To minimize the time taken for a file to be downloaded
(C) To reduce the size of data to save space
(D) To convert one file to another
Answer
Correct option is C
4. Data compression usually works by _______.

(A) Deleting random bits data
(B) Finding repeating patterns
Answer
Correct option is B
5. Why data compressed?

(A) To optimise the data
(B) To reduce secondary storage space
(C) To reduce packet congestion on networks
(D) Both (B) and (C)
Answer
Correct option is D
6. Which is a type of data compression?

(A) Resolution
(B) Zipping
(C) Inputting
(D) Caching
Answer
Correct option is B
7. Data compression involves

(A) Compression only
(B) Reconstruction only
(C) Both compression and reconstruction
Answer
Correct option is C
8. Based on the requirements of reconstruction, data compression schemes can be divided into ____
broad classes.

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(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 2
(D) 5
Answer
Correct option is C
9. _______ compression is the method which eliminate the data which is not noticeable and _______
compression does not eliminate the data which is not noticeable.
(A) Lossless, lossy
(B) Lossy, lossless
(C) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
10. ______ compression is generally used for applications that cannot tolerate any difference between
the original and reconstructed data.
(A) Lossy
(B) Lossless
(C) Both
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
11. What is compression ratio?

(A) The ratio of the number of bits required to represent the data before compression to the number of
bits required to represent the data after compression.
(B) The ratio of the number of bits required to represent the data after compression to the number of
bits required to represent the data before compression.
(C) The ratio of the number of bits required to represent the data after reconstruction to the number of
bits required to represent the data before compression.
(D) The ratio of the number of bits required to represent the data before reconstruction to the number
of bits required to represent the data after reconstruction.
Answer
Correct option is A
12. Suppose storing an image made up of a square array of 256×256 pixels requires 65,536 bytes. The
image is compressed and the compressed version requires 16,384 bytes. Then compression ratio is
_______.
(A) 1:4
(B) 4:1
(C) 1:2
(D) 2:1
Answer
Correct option is B
13. Lossy techniques are generally used for the compression of data that originate as analog signals,
such as
(A) Speech
(B) Video
(C) Both
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is C
14. If fidelity or quality of a reconstruction is _____, then the difference between the reconstruction
and the original is ______.

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(A) High, small

(B) Small, small
(C) High, high
Answer
Correct option is D
15. The development of data compression algorithms for a variety of data can be divided into ____
phases.
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Answer
Correct option is A
16. Which of the following is true of lossy and lossless compression techniques?
(A) Lossless compression is only used in situations where lossy compression techniques can't be used
(B) Lossy compression is best suited for situations where some loss of detail is tolerable, especially if
it will not be detectable by a human
(C) Both lossy and lossless compression techniques will result in some information being lost from
the original file
(D) Neither lossy nor lossless compression can actually reduce the number of bits needed to represent
a file
Answer
Correct option is B
17. Which of the following would not be suitable for Lossy Compression?
(A) Speech
(B) Video
(C) Text
(D) Image
Answer
Correct option is C
18. Which of the following are not in a compressed format?

(A) MP3
(B) Bitmap
(C) MPEG
(D) JPEG
Answer
Correct option is B
19. Information theory was given by

(A) Claude von Regan
(B) Claude Elwood Shannon
(C) Claude Monet
(D) Claude Debussy
Answer
Correct option is B
20. The unit of information depends on the base of the log. If we use log base 2, the unit is ____; if we
use log base e, the unit is ____; and if we use log base 10, the unit is _____.
(A) Hartleys, nats, bits
(B) Hartleys, bits, nats
(C) Bits, nats, hartleys
(D) Bits, hartleys, nats

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Answer
Correct option is C
21. According to Claude Elwood Shannon's second theorem, it is not feasible to transmit information
over the channel with ______ error probability, although by using any coding technique.
(A) Large
(B) May be large or small
(C) Unpredictable
(D) Small
Answer
Correct option is D
22. The essential condition/s for a good error control coding technique?
(A) Better error correcting capability
(B) Maximum transfer of information in bits/sec
(C) Faster coding & decoding methods
(D) All of the above
Answer
Correct option is D
23. The prefix code is also called as

(A) Block code
(B) Convolutional code
(C) Parity code
(D) Instantaneous code
Answer
Correct option is D
24. Self information should be _____.

(A) Negative
(B) Positive
(C) Both
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
25. A code in which no codeword is a prefix to another codeword is called as

(A) Prefix cod
(B) Parity code
(C) Convolutional code
(D) Block code
Answer
Correct option is A
26. The set of binary sequences is called a _____, and the individual members of the set are called
_______.
(A) Codewords, code
(B) Code, codewords
(C) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
27. Full form of ASCII.

(A) American Standard Code for Information Intercaste
(B) American Standard Codewords for Information Interchange

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(C) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(D) American System Code for Information Interchange
Answer
Correct option is C
28. Composite source models is a combination or composition of several sources. In which how many
source being active at any given time?
(A) All
(B) Only one
(C) Only first three
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
29. For models used in lossless compression, we use a specific type of Markov process called a
(A) Continous time Markov chain
(B) Discrete time Markov chain
(C) Constant time Markov chain
Answer
Correct option is B
30. Markov model is often used when developing coding algorithms for
(A) Speech
(B) Image
(C) Both
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is C
31.Which of the following compression type is supported by SQL Server 2014?

(A) Row
(B) Column
(C) Both row and column
(D) None of the mentioned
Answer
Correct option is C
32.Point out the correct statement.
(A) The details of data compression are subject to change without notice in service packs or
subsequent releases
(B) Compression is not available for system tables
(C) If you specify a list of partitions or a partition that is out of range, an error will be generated
(D) All of the mentioned
Answer
Correct option is D
33. In which type of Data Compression, the integrity of the data is preserved?
(A) Lossy Compression
(B) Lossless Compression
(C) Both of the above

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Answer
Correct option is B
34. Which of the following are Lossless methods?

(A) Run- length
(B) Huffman
(C) Lempel Ziv
Answer
Correct option is D
35. Which of the following are lossy methods?
(A) JPEG
(B) MPEG
(C) MP3
Answer
Correct option is D
36. In how many parts we can divide audio and video services into broad categories?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
Answer
Correct option is B
37. Sequence of code assigned is called

(A) code word
(B) word
(C) byte
(D) nibble
Answer
Correct option is A

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Unit-II
1. Huffman codes are ______ codes and are optimum for a given model (set of probabilities).
(A) Parity
(B) Prefix
(C) Convolutional code
(D) Block code
Answer
Correct option is B
2. The Huffman procedure is based on observations regarding optimum prefix codes, which is/are
(A) In an optimum code, symbols that occur more frequently (have a higher probability of
occurrence) will have shorter codewords than symbols that occur less frequently.
(B) In an optimum code,thetwo symbolsthat occurleast frequently will havethe samelength
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is C
3. The best algorithms for solving Huffman codes

(A) Brute force algorithm
(B) Divide and conquer algorithm
(C) Greedy algorithm
(D) Exhaustive search
Answer
Correct option is C
4. How many printable characters does the ASCII character set consists of?
(A) 128
(B) 100
(C) 98
(D) 90
Answer
Correct option is B
5. The difference between the entropy and the average length of the Huffman code is called
(A) Rate
(B) Redundancy
(C) Power
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
6. Unit of redundancy is
(A) bits/second
(B) symbol/bits
(C) bits/symbol
(D) none of these
Answer
Correct option is C

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7. The redundancy is zero when

(A) The probabilities are positive powers of two
(B) The probabilities are negative powers of two
(C) Both
Answer
Correct option is B
8. Which bit is reserved as a parity bit in an ASCII set?

(A) Sixth
(B) Seventh
(C) Eighth
(D) Ninth
Answer
Correct option is C
9. Bits are needed for standard encoding if the size of the character set is X
(A) X+1
(B) log(X)
(C) X2
(D) 2X
Answer
Correct option is B
10. In Huffman coding, data in a tree always occur in

(A) Leaves
(B) Roots
(C) Left sub trees
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is A
11. An optimal code will always be present in a full tree.

(A) True
(B) False
Answer
Correct option is A
12. Running time of the Huffman encoding algorithm is

(A) O(Nlog(C))
(B) O(Clog(C))
(C) O(C)
(D) O(log(C))
Answer
Correct option is B
13. Running time of the Huffman algorithm, if its implementation of the priority queue is done using
linked lists
(A) O(log(C))
(B) O(Clog(C))
(C) O(C2)
(D) O(C)

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Answer
Correct option is C
14. The unary code for a positive integer n is simply n ___ followed by a ___.
(A) zero, ones
(B) ones, zero
(C) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
15. The unary code for 4 is ______.

(A) 11100
(B) 11110
(C) 00001
(D) 00011
Answer
Correct option is B
16. In the Tunstall code, all codewords are of _____ length. However, each codeword represents a
_________ number of letters.
(A) different, equal
(B) equal, different
(C) none of these
Answer
Correct option is B
17. Tunstall coding is a form of entropy coding used for

(A) Lossless data compression
(B) Lossy data compression
(C) Both
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is A
18. The main advantage of a Tunstall code is that

(A) Errors in codewords do not propagate
(B) Errors in codewords propagate
(C) The disparity between frequencies
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is A
19. Applications of Huffman Coding

(A) Text compression
(B) Audio compression
(C) Lossless image compression
Answer
Correct option is D
20. An alphabet consist of the letters A, B, C and D. The probability of occurrence is P(A) = 0.4, P(B)
= 0.1, P(C) = 0.2 and P(D) = 0.3. The Huffman code is
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(A) A = 0
B = 111
C = 110
D = 10
(B) A = 0
B = 11
C = 10
D = 111
(C) A = 0
B = 111
C = 11
D = 101
(D) A = 01
B = 111
C = 110
D = 10
Answer
Correct option is A
21. The basic idea behind Huffman coding is to

(A) compress data by using fewer bits to encode fewer frequently occuring characters
(B) compress data by using fewer bits to encode more frequently occuring characters
(C) compress data by using more bits to encode more frequently occuring characters
(D) expand data by using fewer bits to encode more frequently occuring characters
Answer
Correct option is B
22. Huffman coding is an encoding algorithm used for

(A) lossless data compression
(B) broadband systems
(C) files greater than 1 Mbit
(D) lossy data compression
Answer
Correct option is A
23. A Huffman encoder takes a set of characters with fixed length and produces a set of characters of
(A) random length
(B) fixed length
(C) variable length
(D) constant length
Answer
Correct option is C
24. A Huffman code: A = 1, B = 000, C = 001, D = 01 , P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.1, P(C) = 0.2, P(D) = 0.3
The average number of bits per letter is
(A) 8.0 bit
(B) 2.1 bit
(C) 2.0 bit
(D) 1.9 bit
Answer
Correct option is C

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25. Which of the following is not a part of the channel coding?

(A) rectangular code
(B) Checksum checking
(C) Hamming code
(D) Huffman code
Answer
Correct option is D
26. Which of the following is the first phase of JPEG?
(A) DCT Transformation
(B) Quantization
(C) Data Compression
Answer
Correct option is D
27. Which type of method is used is used to compress data made up of combination of symbols?
(A) Run- length encoding
(B) Huffman encoding
(C) Lempel Ziv encoding
(D) JPEG encoding
Answer
Correct option is A
28. How many passes does lossy compression makes frequently?
(A) One pass
(B) Two pass
(C) Three pass
(D) Four pass
Answer
Correct option is B
29. Information is the
(A) data
(B) meaningful data
(C) raw data
(D) Both A and B
Answer
Correct option is B

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Unit-III
1. In dictionary techniques for data compaction, which approach of building dictionary is used for the
prior knowledge of probability of the frequently occurring patterns?
(A) Adaptive dictionary
(B) Static dictionary
(C) Both
Answer
Correct option is B
2. If the probability of encountering a pattern from the dictionary is p, then the average number of bits
per pattern R is given by
(A) R=21-12p
(B) R=9-p
(C) R=21-p
(D) R=12-p
Answer
Correct option is A
3. Static dictionary –
(A) permanent
(B) sometimes allowing the addition of strings but no deletions
(C) allowing for additions and deletions of strings as new input symbols are being read
(D) Both (A) and (B)
(E) Both (A) and (C)
Answer
Correct option is D
4. Adaptive dictionary –
(A) holding strings previously found in the input stream
(B) sometimes allowing the addition of strings but no deletions
(C) allowing for additions and deletions of strings as new input symbols are being read
(D) Both (A) and (B)
(E) Both (A) and (C)
Answer
Correct option is E
5. LZ77 and LZ78 are the two __________ algorithms published in papers by Abraham Lempel and
Jacob Ziv in 1977 and 1978
(A) Lossy data compression
(B) Lossless data compression
(C) Both
Answer
Correct option is B
6. Deflate = ________
(A) LZ78 + Huffman
(B) LZ77 + Huffman
(C) LZW + Huffman
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B

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7. Full form of GIF.

(A) Graphics Interchange Form
(B) Graphics Inter Format
(C) Graphics Interchange Format
(D) Graphics Interact Format
Answer
Correct option is C
8. LZ78 has _____ compression but very _____ decompression than LZ77.
(A) fast, slow
(B) slow, fast
(C) None of these
Answer
Correct option is B
9. Compression packages which use an LZ77-based algorithm followed by a variable-length coder.

(A) PKZip
(B) Zip
(C) PNG
Answer
Correct option is D
10. Application of LZW

(A) GIF
(B) Zip
(C) PNG
Answer
Correct option is A
11. Algorithm used for solving temporal probabilistic reasoning

(A) Depth-first search
(B) Hidden markov model
(C) Hidden markov model
(D) Breadth-first search
Answer
Correct option is C
12. Where does the Hidden Markov Model is used?

(A) Understanding of real world
(B) Speech recognition
(C) Both
Answer
Correct option is B
13. A coding scheme that takes advantage of long runs of identical symbols is called as
(A) Move-to-front coding
(B) Binary coding
(C) Huffman coding
(D) Move-to-back coding

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Answer
Correct option is A
14. The idea with wavelets is to represent a complicated function by

(A) simple basic functions
(B) sinus functions
(C) lines
(D) square functions
Answer
Correct option is A
15.In a typical picture, most pixels will be

(A) equal
(B) very different to their neighbors
(C) bright
(D) very similar to their neighbors
Answer
Correct option is C
16. Without losing quality, JPEG-2000 can achieve compression ratios of

(A) 2:1
(B) 200:1
(C) 2000:1
(D) 20:1
Answer
Correct option is B
17. The best visual compression quality is achieved using

(A) Fourier transform
(B) Wavelets
(C) DCT
(D) Dolby
Answer
Correct option is B
18. Which is the image processing technique used to improve the quality of image for human
viewing?
(A) compression
(B) enhancement
(C) restoration
(D) analysis
Answer
Correct option is B
19. To remove archival compression and restore the data to column store compression
(A) Use ALTER TABLE
(B) Use ALTER COLUMN
(C) Use ALTER DATABASE
Answer

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Correct option is A
20. Point out the wrong statement.
(A) You can enable or disable ROW or PAGE compression in online state only
(B) When you are compressing indexes, leaf-level pages can be compressed with both row and
page compression
(C) Non–leaf-level pages do not receive page compression
Answer
Correct option is A
21. What is image?
(A) Picture
(B) Matrix of pixel
(C) Collection of pixel
(D) All of these
Answer
Correct option is D
22. An image transmitted using wireless network:
(A) corrupted as a result of lighting or other atmospheric disturbance.
(B) non-corrupted as a result of lighting or other atmospheric disturbance.
(C) corrupted as a result of pixel disturbance.
(D) none of above
Answer
Correct option is A

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Unit-IV
1. Which of the following characterizes a quantizer
(A) Quantization results in a non-reversible loss of information
(B) A quantizer always produces uncorrelated output samples
(C) The output of a quantizer has the same entropy rate as the input
Answer
Correct option is A
2. What is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)?

(A) The ratio of the average squared value of the source output and the squared error of the source
output
(B) The ratio of the average squared value of the source output and the mean squared error of the
source output
(C) The ratio of the average squared value of the source output and the absolute difference measure of
the source output
Answer
Correct option is B
3. The output signal of a scalar quantizer has property

(A) The output is a discrete signal with a finite symbol alphabet
(B) The output is a discrete signal with a countable symbol alphabet (but not necessarily a finite
symbol alphabet)
(C) The output signal may be discrete or continuous
Answer
Correct option is B
4. What is a Lloyd quantizer?

(A) For a given source, the Lloyd quantizer is the best possible scalar quantizer in ratedistortion sense.
That means, there does not exist any other scalar quantizer that yields a smaller distortion at the same
rate.
(B) The output of a Lloyd quantizer is a discrete signal with a uniform pmf
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) A Lloyd quantizer is the scalar quantizer that yields the minimum distortion for a given source
and a given number of quantization intervals.
Answer
Correct option is D
5. Which of the following statement is correct for comparing scalar quantization and vector
quantization?
(A) Vector quantization improves the performance only for sources with memory. For iid sources, the
best scalar quantizer has the same efficiency as the best vector quantizer
(B) Vector quantization does not improve the rate-distortion performance relative to scalar
quantization, but it has a lower complexity
(C) By vector quantization we can always improve the rate-distortion performance relative to the best
scalar quantizer
Answer
Correct option is C

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6. If {x}n is the source output and {y}n is the reconstructed sequence, then the squared error measure
is given by
(A) d(x, y) = (y - x)2
(B) d(x, y) = (x - y)2
(C) d(x, y) = (y + x)2
(D) d(x, y) = (x - y)4
Answer
Correct option is B
7. If {x}n is the source output and {y}n is the reconstructed sequence, then the absolute difference
measure is given by
(A) d(x, y) = |y - x|
(B) d(x, y) = |x - y|
(C) d(x, y) = |y + x|
(D) d(x, y) = |x - y|2
Answer
Correct option is B
8. The process of representing a _______ possibly infinite set of values with a much _______ set is
called quantization
(A) Large, smaller
(B) Smaller, large
(C) None of these
Answer
Correct option is A
9. The set of inputs and outputs of a quantizer can be

(A) Only scalars
(B) Only vectors
(C) Scalars or vectors
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is C
10. Which of the folowing is/are correct for uniform quantizer

(A) The simplest type of quantizer is the uniform quantizer
(B) All intervals are the same size in the uniform quantizer, except possibly for the two outer intervals
(C) The decision boundaries are spaced evenly
Answer
Correct option is D
11. If a Zero is assigned a decision level, then what is the type of quantizer?
(A) A midtread quantizer
(B) A midrise quantizer
(C) A midtreat quantizer
Answer
Correct option is B
12. If a Zero is assigned a quantization level, then what is the type of quantizer?
(A) A midtread quantizer
(B) A midrise quantizer
(C) A midtreat quantizer

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Answer
Correct option is A
13. The main approaches to adapting the quantizer parameters:

(A) An off-line or forward adaptive approach
(B) An on-line or backward adaptive approach
(C) Both
Answer
Correct option is C
14. Uniform quantizer is also called as

(A) Low rise quantizer
(B) High rise quantizer
(C) Mid rise quantizer
Answer
Correct option is C
15. Non uniform quantizer ______ distortion.

(A) Decrease
(B) Increase
(C) Doesn't change
Answer
Correct option is A
16. The spectral density of white noise is ______.

(A) Poisson
(B) Exponential
(C) Uniform
(D) Gaussian
Answer
Correct option is C
17. Which audio/video refers to on-demand requests for compressed audio/video files?
(A) Streaming live
(B) Streaming stored
(C) Interactive
Answer
Correct option is B
18. According to Nyquist theorem, how many times the highest frequency we need to sample an
analog signal?
(A) Three
(B) Two
(C) Four
Answer
Correct option is B
19. Which encoding is based on the science of psychoacoustics, which is the study of how people
perceive sound?

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(A) Predictive
(B) Perceptual
(C) Both of the above
Answer
Correct option is B
20. SDH uses to measure block errors.
(A) CRC
(B) Rectangular code
(C) bit-interleaved parity (BIP )
(D) Simple parity check
21. The minimum sampling rate is called?
(A) Data rate
(B) symbol rate
(C) Nyquist rate
Answer
Correct option is C
22. Spread spectrum is used for

(A) Encrypting signal
(B) Hiding signal
(C) Encrypting & Hiding signal
Answer
Correct option is C
23. Which is a quantization process?
(A) Rounding
(B) Truncation
(C) Rounding & Truncation
Answer
Correct option is C
24. . Quantization is a _____ process.
(A) Non linear
(B) Reversible
(C) Non linear & Reversible
Answer
Correct option is C
25. The mutual information between a pair of events is
(A) Positive
(B) Negative
(C) Zero
Answer
Correct option is D
26. The SNR value can be increased by _____ the number of levels.

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(A) Increasing
(B) Decreasing
(C) Does not depend on
Answer
Correct option is A
27. 1 bit quantizer is a
(A) Hard limiter
(B) Two level comparator
(C) Hard limiter & Two level comparator
Answer
Correct option is C
28. The low pass filter at the output end of delta modulator depends on
(A) Step size
(B) Quantization noise
(C) Bandwidth
Answer
Correct option is C
29. Quantization Matrix in JPEG compression was introduced because
(A) It is computationally more efficient to work with matrix than with scalar
quantization;
(B) It allows better entropy encoding due to DC and AC coefficient distribution in the
8x8 block matrix;
(C) It allows better differentiation of DC and AC coefficients in the 8x8 block matrix
than a scalar quantization;
Answer
Correct option is C
30.What property has the output signal of a scalar quantizer

(A) The output is a discrete signal with a countable symbol alphabet (but not necessarily a
finite symbol alphabet).
(B) The output is a discrete signal with a finite symbol alphabet.
(C) The output signal may be discrete or continuous.
Answer
Correct option is A

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Unit-V
1. Characteristic of a vector quantizer
(A) Multiple quantization indexes are represented by one codeword
(B) Each input symbol is represented by a fixed-length codeword
(C) Multiple input symbols are represented by one quantization index
Answer
Correct option is C
2. Vector quantization is rarely used in practical applications, why?

(A) The coding efficiency is the same as for scalar quantization
(B) The computational complexity, in particular for the encoding, is much higher than in scalar
quantization and a large codebook needs to be stored
(C) It requires block Huffman coding of quantization indexes, which is very complex
Answer
Correct option is B
3. Let N represent the dimension of a vector quantizer. What statement about the performance of the
best vector quantizer with dimension N is correct?
(A) For N approaching infinity, the quantizer performance asymptotically approaches the rate-
distortion function (theoretical limit)
(B) By doubling the dimension N, the bit rate for the same distortion is halved
(C) The vector quantizer performance is independent of N
Answer
Correct option is A
4. Which of the following is/are correct for advantage of vector quantization over scalar quantization
(A) Vector Quantization can lower the average distortion with the number of reconstruction levels
held constant
(B) Vector Quantization can reduce the number of reconstruction levels when distortion is held
constant
(C) Vector Quantization is also more effective than Scalar Quantization When the source output
values are not correlated
Answer
Correct option is D
5. Vector quantization is used for

(A) Lossy data compression
(B) Lossy data correction
(C) Pattern recognition
Answer
Correct option is D
6. The Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm is a ______ quantization algorithm to derive a good codebook.

(A) Scalar
(B) Vector
(C) Both
Answer

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Correct option is B
7. Vector quantization is used in

(A) Video coding
(B) Audio coding
(C) Speech coding
Answer
Correct option is C
8. What are process(Techniques) used in video coding?

(A) Partition of frames into macro blocks
(B) Form of Vector Quantization
(C) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these
Answer
Correct option is C
9. The process of converting the analog sample into discrete form is called
(A) Modulation
(B) Multiplexing
(C) Quantization
(D) Sampling
Answer
Correct option is C
10 . he sequence of operations in which PCM is done is

(A) Sampling, quantizing, encoding
(B) Quantizing, encoding, sampling
(C) Quantizing, sampling, encoding
Answer
Correct option is A
11. To convert a continuous sensed data into Digital form, which of the following is required?
(A) Sampling
(B) Quantization
(C) Both Sampling and Quantization
(D) Neither Sampling nor Quantization
Answer
Correct option is C
12. For a continuous image f(x, y), Quantization is defined as

(A) Digitizing the coordinate values
(B) Digitizing the amplitude values
(C) All of the mentioned
Answer
Correct option is B
13. The resulting image of sampling and quantization is considered a matrix of real numbers.

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By what name(s) the element of this matrix array is called

(A) Image element or Picture element
(B) Pixel or Pel
(C) All of the mentioned
Answer
Correct option is C
14. Which conveys more information?
(A) High probability event
(B) Low probability event
(C) High & Low probability event
Answer
Correct option is B
15. The probability density function of the envelope of narrow band noise is
(A) Uniform
(B) Gaussian
(C) Rayleigh
(D) Rician
Answer
Correct option is B
16. Which model is known as ignorance model?
(A) Physical model
(B) Markov model
(C) Probability model
(D) Composite Source Model
Answer
Correct option is C
17. Shannons theorem is also called
(A) noiseless coding theorem
(B) noisy coding theorem
(C) coding theorem
(D) noiseless theorem
Answer
Correct option is A
18. Transform coding, vector quantization are examples for______
(A) Pixel
(B) compression
(C) Transmission
(D) Lossy compression
Answer

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Correct option is D
19. Entropy Coding is an ________
(A) Lossless
(B) Lossy
(C) 0
(D) None
Answer
Correct option is A
20. ______ is normally used for the data generated by scanning the documents,
fax machine, typewriters etc.
(A) Huffman Coding
(B) Transformation Coding
(C) Vector Quantization
(D) Runlength Encoding
Answer
Correct option is D
21. Compression Technique used in Image Video is
(A) Huffman Coding
(B) Transformation Coding
(C) Entropy Coding
(D) Differential Encoding
Answer
Correct option is B
22. Compression Technique used in Audio is
(A) Differential Encoding
(B) Transformation Encoding
(C) Entropy Coding
(D) Differential & Transformation Encoding
Answer
Correct option is D
23. Expansion of LZ Coding is
(A) Lossy
(B) Lossless
(C) Lempel-ziv-welsh
(D) Lempel-ziv
Answer
Correct option is D
24. Expansion of LZW Coding is

(A) Lossy
(B) Lossless

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(C) Lempel-ziv
(D) Lempel-ziv-welsh
Answer
Correct option is D

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Practice Question
(Option In bold font is Answer )
1. What is compression?
a) To convert one file to another
b) To reduce the size of data to save space
c) To minimise the time taken for a file to be download
d) To compress something by pressing it hard
2. What does Lossy Compression do to files?

a) Increases the file size and keeps the same quality
b) Eliminates no information at all
c) Decreases the file size and keeps the same quality
d) Eliminates unnecessary information in a file to reduce file size
3. What is Lossless Compression?

a) No information is lost but file size is increased
b) There is no loss of information at all after compression
c) Files which have the exact same data after compression
d) Compression involves an algorithm
4. What type of compression would you use to compress a video?

a) Lossy
b) Lossless
5. When Lossy compression is used data is lost?

a) True
b) False
6. Which of the following are not in a compressed format?

a) JPEG
b) MPEG
c) Bitmap
d) MP3
7. Uncompressed audio and video files require less memory thancompressed files....
a) True
b) False
8. What would you use compression for?

a) Making an image file smaller
b) Modifying an image
9. Which of the following would not be suitable for Lossy Compression?

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a) Images
b) Sounds
c) Videos
d) Text
10. Compression in general makes it to send, upload and stream data

a) Quicker
b) Slower
11. Lossless compression permanently deletes the data

a) True
b) False
12. Lossy compression would be suitable for text files

a) True
b) False
13. Compression looks for _ data

a) Unnecessary
b) Repeated
14. How many bits make up one byte?

a) 4
b) 16
c) 8
d) 10
a) Lossless compression throws away unimportant details that a human being will
likely be unable to detect.
b) Lossy compression is only possible on files that are at least one gigabyte in size before
compression.
c) Lossy compression techniques are no longer commonly used.
d) Lossless compression is fully reversible, meaning the original file can be recreated bit
for bit.
a) Both lossy and lossless compression techniques will result in some information
being lost from the original file.
b) Neither lossy nor lossless compression can actually reduce the number of bits needed to
represent a file.
c) Lossless compression is only used in situations where lossy compression techniques can't
be used.
d) Lossy compression is best suited for situations where some loss of detail is
tolerable, especially if it will not be detectable by a human.
17. data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed
from the compressed data.
a) lossy compression
b) lossless compression

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18. Compression looks for _ data

a) Unnecessary
b) Repeated
19. The codec from Google provides modest compression ratios.

a) Snapcheck
b) Snappy
c) FileCompress
d) None of the mentioned
20. Point out the correct statement.

a) Snappy is licensed under the GNU Public License (GPL)
b) BgCIK needs to create an index when it compresses a file
c) The Snappy codec is integrated into Hadoop Common, a set of common utilities that
supports other Hadoop subprojects
21. Which of the following compression is similar to Snappy compression?

a) LZO
b) Bzip2
c) Gzip
d) All of the mentioned
22. Which of the following supports splittable compression?

a) LZO
b) Bzip2
c) Gzip
23. Point out the wrong statement.

a) From a usability standpoint, LZO and Gzip are similar
b) Bzip2 generates a better compression ratio than does Gzip, but it’s much slower
c) Gzip is a compression utility that was adopted by the GNU project
24. Which of the following is the slowest compression technique?

a) LZO
b) Bzip2
c) Gzip
25. Gzip (short for GNU zip) generates compressed files that have a _ extension.
a) .gzip
b) .gz
c) .gzp
d) .g

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26. Which of the following is based on the DEFLATE algorithm?

a) LZO
b) Bzip2
c) Gzip
27. typically compresses files to within 10% to 15% of the best available
techniques.
a) LZO
b) Bzip2
c) Gzip
28. The LZO compression format is composed of approximately _ blocks of compress

a) 128k
b) 256k
c) 24k
d) 36k
29. Digitizing the image intensity amplitude is called

A. sampling
B. quantization
C. framing
D. Both A and B
30. Compressed image can be recovered back by
A. image enhancement
B. image decompression
C. image contrast
D. image equalization
31. Which of the following algorithms is the best approach for solving Huffman codes?
a) exhaustive search
b) greedy algorithm
c) brute force algorithm
d) divide and conquer algorithm
32. The type of encoding where no character code is the prefix of another character code
is called?
a) optimal encoding
b) prefix encoding
c) frequency encoding
d) trie encoding
33. What is the running time of the Huffman encoding algorithm?

a) O(C)
b) O(log C)
c) O(C log C)

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d) O( N log C)
34. What is the running time of the Huffman algorithm, if its implementation of the priority queue
is done using linked lists?
a) O(C)
b) O(log C)
c) O(C log C)
d) O(C2)
35. Run Length Encoding is used for

a) Reducing the repeated string of characters
b) Bit error correction
c) Correction of error in multiple bits
d) All of the above
36. While recovering signal, which gets attenuated more?

a) Low frequency component
b) High frequency component
c) Low & High frequency component
37. Mutual information should be

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Positive & Negative
38. ASCII code is a

a) Fixed length code
b) Variable length code
c) Fixed & Variable length code
39. Which reduces the size of the data?

a) Source coding
b) Channel coding
c) Source & Channel coding
40. In digital image coding which image must be smaller in size?

a) Input image
b) Output image
c) Input & Output image
41. Which coding method uses entropy coding?
a) Lossless coding
b) Lossy coding

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c) Lossless & Lossy coding

42. Which achieves greater compression?

a) Lossless coding
b) Lossy coding
c) Lossless & Lossy coding
43. A code is a mapping from

a) Binary sequence to dicrete set of symbols
b) Discrete set of symbols to binary sequence
c) All of the mentioned
44. Which are uniquely decodable codes?

a) Fixed length codes
b) Variable length codes
c) Fixed & Variable length codes
45. A rate distortion function is a

a) Concave function
b) Convex function
c) Increasing function
46. Self-information should be

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Positive & Negative
47. The unit of average mutual information is

a) Bits
b) Bytes
c) Bits per symbol
d) Bytes per symbol
48. When probability of error during transmission is 0.5, it indicates that
a) Channel is very noisy
b) No information is received
c) Channel is very noisy & No information is received
49. Binary Huffman coding is a

a) Prefix condition code
b) Suffix condition code

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c) Prefix & Suffix condition code

50. The event with minimum probability has least number of bits.
a) True
b) False
51. The method of converting a word to stream of bits is called as

a) Binary coding
b) Source coding
c) Bit coding
d) Cipher coding
52. When the base of the logarithm is 2, then the unit of measure of information is
a) Bits
b) Bytes
c) Nats
53. When X and Y are statistically independent, then I (x,y) is

a) 1
b) 0
c) Ln 2
d) Cannot be determined
54. The self information of random variable is
a) 0
b) 1
c) Infinite
55. Entropy of a random variable is

a) 0
b) 1
c) Infinite
56. Which is more efficient method?

a) Encoding each symbol of a block
b) Encoding block of symbols
c) Encoding each symbol of a block & Encoding block of symbols
57. Lempel-Ziv algorithm is

a) Variable to fixed length algorithm
b) Fixed to variable length algorithm
c) Fixed to fixed length algorithm
d) Variable to variable length algorithm

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58. Coded system are inherently capable of better transmission efficiency than the uncoded
system.
a) True
b) False
59. The prefix code is also known as

a. Instantaneous code
b. Block code
c. Convolutional code
d. Parity bit
60. Down sampling is to make a digital image file smaller by

a) adding pixels
b) removing noise
c) removing pixels
d) adding noise
61. How many printable characters does the ASCII character set consists of? a) 120
b) 128
c) 100
d) 98
62. Which bit is reserved as a parity bit in an ASCII set?

a) first
b) seventh
c) eighth
d) tenth
63. How many bits are needed for standard encoding if the size of the character set is
X?
a) log X
b) X+1
c) 2X
d) X2
64. The code length does not depend on the frequency of occurrence of characters.
a) true
b) false
65. In Huffman coding, data in a tree always occur?

a) roots
b) leaves
c) left sub trees
d) right sub trees
66. What are the types of quantization error?

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a. Granular error
b. Slope over load error
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
67. What are the types of quantizer?

a. Midrise quantizer
b. Midtread quantizer
c. Both a & b
68. What are the types of adaptive quantization?

a. forward adaptive quantization
b. backward adaptive quantization
c. Both a & b
69. Which is a quantization process?

a) Rounding
b) Truncation
c) Rounding & Truncation
70. Quantization is a process.

a) Few to few mapping
b) Few to many mapping
c) Many to few mapping
d) Many to many mapping
71. Quantization is a process.

a) Non linear
b) Reversible
c) Non linear & Reversible
72. Which conveys more information?

a) High probability event
b) Low probability event
c) High & Low probability event
73. What is the type of quantizer, if a Zero is assigned a quantization level?

a) Midrise type
b) Mid tread type
c) Mistreat type

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74. What is the type of quantizer, if a Zero is assigned a decision level?

a) Midrise type
b) Mid tread type
c) Mistreat type
75. If the input analog signal is within the range of the quantizer, the quantization error eq
(n) is bounded in magnitude i.e., |eq (n)| < Δ/2 and the resulting error is called?
a) Granular noise
b) Overload noise
c) Particulate noise
d) Heavy noise
76. If the input analog signal falls outside the range of the quantizer (clipping), eq (n) becomes
unbounded and results in _
a) Granular noise
b) Overload noise
c) Particulate noise
d) Heavy noise
77. In the mathematical model for the quantization error eq (n), to carry out the analysis, what
are the assumptions made about the statistical properties of eq (n)?
i. The error eq (n) is uniformly distributed over the range — Δ/2 < eq (n) < Δ/2.
ii. The error sequence is a stationary white noise sequence. In other words, the error eq (m) and
the error eq (n) for m≠n are uncorrelated.
iii. The error sequence {eq (n)} is uncorrelated with the signal sequence x(n).
iv. The signal sequence x(n) is zero mean and stationary.
a) i, ii & iii
b) i, ii, iii, iv
c) i, iii
d) ii, iii, iv
78. What is the abbreviation of SQNR?

a) Signal-to-Quantization Net Ratio
b) Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio
c) Signal-to-Quantization Noise Region
d) Signal-to-Quantization Net Region
79. What is the scale used for the measurement of SQNR?

a) DB
b) db
c) dB
80. What is the expression for SQNR which can be expressed in a logarithmic scale?
a) 10 log10(Px/Pn)

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b) 10 log10(Pn/Px)
c) 10 log2(Px/Pn)
d) 2 log2(Px/Pn)
81. In the equation SQNR = 10 log10(Px/Pn). what are the terms Px and Pn are called
respectively.
a) Power of the Quantization noise and Signal power
b) Signal power and power of the quantization noise
c) None of the mentioned
82. In the equation SQNR = 10log10(Px/Pn), what are the expressions of Px and Pn?
a) Px=σ2=E[x2(n)] and Pn=σ2 =E[e2q(n)]
b) Px=σ2=E[x2(n)] and Pn= σ2 =E[e3q(n)]
c) Px=σ2=E[x3(n)] and Pn= σ2 =E[e2q(n)]
83. If the quantization error is uniformly distributed in the range (-Δ/2, Δ/2), the mean value
of the error is zero then the variance Pn is?
a) Pn= σ2 =Δ2/12
b) Pn= σ2 =Δ2/6
c) Pn= σ2 =Δ2/4
d) Pn= σ2 =Δ2/2
84. By combining Δ=R2b+1 with Pn=σ2e=Δ2/12 and substituting the result into SQNR = 10
log10PxPn, what is the final expression for SQNR = ?
a) 6.02b + 16.81 + 20log10(R/σx)
b) 6.02b + 16.81 – 20log10(R/σx)
c) 6.02b – 16.81 – 20log10(R/σx)
d) 6.02b – 16.81 – 20log10(R/σx)
85. In the equation SQNR = 6.02b + 16.81 – 20log10(R/σx), for R = 6σx the equation
becomes?
a) SQNR = 6.02b-1.25 dB
b) SQNR = 6.87b-1.55 dB
c) SQNR = 6.02b+1.25 dB
d) SQNR = 6.87b+1.25 dB
86. What characterizes a quantizer?

a. The output of a quantizer has the same entropy rate as the input.
b. Quantization results in a non-reversible loss of information.
c. A quantizer always produces uncorrelated output samples.
87. What property has the output signal of a scalar quantizer?

a. The output is a discrete signal with a countable symbol alphabet (but not necessarily a
finite symbol alphabet).

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b. The output is a discrete signal with a finite symbol alphabet.

c. The output signal may be discrete or continuous.
88. What is a Lloyd quantizer?

a. A Lloyd quantizer is the scalar quantizer that yields the minimum distortion for a
given source and a given number of quantization intervals.
b. The output of a Lloyd quantizer is a discrete signal with a uniform pmf.
c. For a given source, the Lloyd quantizer is the best possible scalar quantizer in ratedistortion
sense. That means, there does not exist any other scalar quantizer that yields a smaller
distortion at the same rate.
89. A Lloyd quantizer can be considered as optimal quantizer for fixed-length coding of the
quantization indices. Can we improve a Lloyd quantizer by using variable length codes?
a. No, variable length coding does not improve the quantizer performance, since all quantization
indices have the same probability.
b. No, variable length coding does not improve the quantizer performance, since the quantizer
output is uncorrelated.
c. Yes, in general, the quantizer performance can be improved by variable length coding
(there are some exceptions for special sources).
90. What characterizes an entropy-constrained Lloyd quantizer?

a. An entropy-constrained Lloyd quantizer is the scalar quantizer that yields the best
ratedistortion performance for a given operation point (assuming that the quantization
indices are coded using optimalentropy coding).
b. An entropy-constrained Lloyd quantizer minimizes the entropy rate of the quantizer output
for a given number of quantization intervals.
c. An entropy-constrained Lloyd quantizer minimizes the number of quantization
intervals for a given distortion.
91. What characterizes the best possible scalar quantizer with variable length coding at high
rates (for MSE distortion)?
a. All quantization intervals have the same probability.
b. All quantization intervals have the same size.
c. None of the above statements is correct.
92. Which statement is true regarding the performance of optimal scalar quantizers with
variable length coding at high rates for iid sources?
a. For iid sources, the operational distortion-rate curve for optimal scalar quantization is always
equal to the distortion-rate function (theoretical limit).
b. Only for Gaussian iid sources, the operational distortion-rate curve for optimal scalar
quantization is equal to the distortion-rate function (theoretical limit)
c. For iid sources, the operational distortion-rate curve for optimal scalar quantization is
1.53 dB worse than the distortion-rate function (theoretical limit).
93. What characterizes a vector quantizer?

a. Multiple input symbols are represented by one quantization index.

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b. Multiple quantization indexes are represented by one codeword.

c. Each input symbol is represented by a fixed-length codeword.
94. What statement is correct for comparing scalar quantization and vector quantization?
a. By vector quantization we can always improve the rate-distortion performance
relative to the best scalar quantizer.
b. Vector quantization improves the performance only for sources with memory. For iid sources,
the best scalar quantizer has the same efficiency as the best vector quantizer.
c. Vector quantization does not improve the rate-distortion performance relative to scalar
quantization, but it has a lower complexity.
95. Why is vector quantization rarely used in practical applications?

a. The coding efficiency is the same as for scalar quantization.
b. It requires block Huffman coding of quantization indexes, which is very complex.
c. The computational complexity, in particular for the encoding, is much higher than in
scalar quantization and a large codebook needs to be stored.
96. Assume we have a source with memory and apply scalar quantization and scalar Huffman
coding? Can the performance, in general, be improved by replacing the scalar Huffman coding by
conditional Huffman coding or block Huffman coding?
a. Yes, the performance can in general be improved, since there will be also dependencies
between successive quantization indexes.
b. No, the performance cannot be improved, since the quantization removes all dependencies
between the source symbols.
c. No, the performance cannot be improved, since the quantization error and the input signal are
uncorrelated.
97. Uniform quantizer is also known as
a) Low rise type
b) Mid rise type
c) High rise type
98. The SNR value can be increased by the number of levels.

a) Increasing
b) Decreasing
c) Does not depend on
99. Prediction gain for better prediction.

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains same
100. Delta modulation is

a) 1 bit DPCM

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b) 2 bit DPCM
c) 4 bit DPCM
101. 1 bit quantizer is a

a) Hard limiter
b) Two level comparator
c) Hard limiter & Two level comparator
102. If step size is increased occurs.

a) Slope overload distortion
b) Granular noise
c) Slope overload distortion & Granular noise
103. Which helps in maintaining the step size?

a) Delta modulation
b) PCM
c) DPCM
d) Adaptive delta modulation
104. The low pass filter at the output end of delta modulator depends on
a) Step size
b) Quantization noise
c) Bandwidth
105. In early late timing error detection method if the bit is constant, then the slope will be
a) Close to zero
b) Close to infinity
c) Close to origin
106. The theoretical gain in zero crossing TED is greater than early late TED.
a) True
b) False
107. Non uniform quantizer distortion.

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Does not effect
108. Vector quantization is used in

a) Audio coding
b) Video coding

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c) Speech coding
109. The spectral density of white noise is

a) Exponential
b) Uniform
c) Poisson
d) Gaussian
110. The probability density function of the envelope of narrow band noise is
a) Uniform
b) Gaussian
c) Rayleigh
d) Rician
111. The type of noise that interferes much with high frequency transmission is
a) White
b) Flicker
c) Transit time
d) Shot
112. Thermal noise power of a resistor depends upon

a) Its resistance value
b) Noise temperature
c) Bandwidth
d) Ambient temperature
113. The size of the quantile interval is called as
a) Inter level
b) Step size
c) Quantile size
d) Level width
114. Uniform quantization provides better quantization for

a) Weak signals
b) Strong signals
c) Weak & Strong signals
115. Non uniform quantization provides better quantization for

a) Weak signals
b) Coarse signals
c) Weak & Coarse signals
116. In non uniform quantization, the quantization noise is _ to signal

size.

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a) Inversely proportional
b) Directly proportional
c) Equal
d) Double
117. The output SNR can be made independent of input signal level by using
a) Uniform quantizer
b) Non uniform quantizer
c) Uniform & Non uniform quantizer
118. Companding is the process of

a) Compression
b) Expansion
c) Compression & Expansion
119. Which value of μ corresponds to linear amplification?
a) μ=0
b) μ=1
c) μ>0
d) μ<0
120. What is the standard value of μ in μ-law ? a) 128

b) 255
c) 256
d) 0
121. The standard value of A in A-law is

a) 87
b) 88
c) 86.7
d) 87.6
122. Which type of quantization is most preferable for audio signals for a human ear?
a) Uniform quantization
b) Non uniform quantization
c) Uniform & Non uniform quantization
123. The characteristics of compressor in μ-law companding are

a) Continuous in nature
b) Logarithmic in nature
c) Linear in nature
d) Discrete in nature
124. In Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm, at each iteration, each vector is split into


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a. two new vectors

b. three new vectors
c. four new vectors
d. eight new vectors
125. JBIG stands for
a. Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group
b. Joint Bi-level Image Export Group
c. Joint Binary Image Experts Group
126. The main features of JBIG is/are:

a. Lossless compression of one-bit-per-pixel image data
b. Ability to encode individual bitplanes of multiple-bit pixels
c. Progressive or sequential encoding of image data
d. All the above
127. Which among the following compression techniques is/are intended for still images?
a. JPEG
b. H.263
c. MPEG
d. All of the above
128. Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) Algorithm is used for

a. lossless compression
b. lossy compression
129. Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) Algorithm is used to compress

a. GIF
b. PDF
c. TIFF
d. All the above
130. GIF stands for

a. Graphical Interface Format
b. Graphical Interchange Format
c. Graphical Intrachange Format
d. Graphical Interlinked Fomat
131. GIF uses dictionary for compressing data.

a. StaticAdaptive/Dynamic
b. Both a & b
c. None of the above
132. JBIG2 compression is

a. lossless compression
b. lossy compression

lOMoARcPSD|8829961
133. LZ77 and LZ78 are the two data compression algorithms.
a. lossless
b. lossy
134. The LZ77 algorithm works on data whereas LZ78 algorithm attempts to
work on data.
a. future , past
b. past , future
c. present, future
d. past, present
135. Prediction by Partial Matching is a method to predict the next symbol depending on n
previous. This method is else called prediction by_
Model.
a. Probability
b. Physical
c. Markov
136. The Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT, also called block-sorting compression)

is used to compress
a. float numbers
b. strings
c. real numbers
d. All the above

Data Compression MCQ

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Data Compression MCQ

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

Multiple Choice Questions

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

1. Data compression means to ______ the file size.

2. Data compression and encryption both work on binary code.

4. Data compression usually works by _______.

5. Why data compressed?

6. Which is a type of data compression?

7. Data compression involves

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

11. What is compression ratio?

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

(A) High, small

18. Which of the following are not in a compressed format?

19. Information theory was given by

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

23. The prefix code is also called as

24. Self information should be _____.

25. A code in which no codeword is a prefix to another codeword is called as

27. Full form of ASCII.

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

(C) American Standard Code for Information Interchange

31.Which of the following compression type is supported by SQL Server 2014?

32.Point out the correct statement.

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

(D) None of the above

34. Which of the following are Lossless methods?

37. Sequence of code assigned is called

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

3. The best algorithms for solving Huffman codes

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

7. The redundancy is zero when

8. Which bit is reserved as a parity bit in an ASCII set?

10. In Huffman coding, data in a tree always occur in

11. An optimal code will always be present in a full tree.

12. Running time of the Huffman encoding algorithm is

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Multiple Choice Questions on Data Compression

15. The unary code for 4 is ______.