World Geog Culture Quizzes and Tests

Section Quizzes and
Chapter Tests
To the Teacher
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lowed by chapter tests, followed by unit posttests.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 11 10
Table of Contents
To the Teacher ............................................................................................................................ ii
Unit 1 The World

Unit 1 Pretest .................................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1 Section 1 Quiz ................................................................................................ 3
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 4
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 5
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 9
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 14
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................ 15
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 17
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 21
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 26
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................ 27
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 29
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 33
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 38
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................ 39
Section 4 Quiz ................................................................................................ 40
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 41
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 45
Unit 1 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................ 49
Unit 1 Form B Test ............................................................................................................................................ 51
Unit 2 The United States and Canada

Unit 2 Pretest .................................................................................................................................................... 53
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 56
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 57
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 61
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 66
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 67
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 71
iii
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 76
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 77
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 81
Unit 2 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................ 85
Unit 2 Form B Test ............................................................................................................................................ 87
Unit 3 Latin America

Unit 3 Pretest .................................................................................................................................................... 89
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................ 92
Form A Test ..................................................................................................... 93
Form B Test ..................................................................................................... 97
Chapter 9 Section 1 Quiz ................................................................................................101
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................102
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................103
Form A Test .....................................................................................................105
Form B Test .....................................................................................................109
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................114
Form A Test .....................................................................................................115
Form B Test .....................................................................................................119
Unit 3 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................123
Unit 3 Form B Test ............................................................................................................................................125
Unit 4 Europe
Unit 4 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................127
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................130
Form A Test .....................................................................................................131
Form B Test .....................................................................................................135
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................140
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................141
Section 4 Quiz ................................................................................................142
Form A Test .....................................................................................................143
Form B Test .....................................................................................................147
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................152
Form A Test .....................................................................................................153
Form B Test .....................................................................................................157
Unit 4 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................161
Unit 4 Form B Test .......................................................................................................................163
iv
Unit 5 Russia
Unit 5 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................165
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................168
Form A Test .....................................................................................................169
Form B Test .....................................................................................................173
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................178
Form A Test .....................................................................................................179
Form B Test .....................................................................................................183
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................188
Form A Test .....................................................................................................189
Form B Test .....................................................................................................193
Unit 5 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................197
Unit 5 Form B Test ............................................................................................................................................199
Unit 6 North Africa, Southwest Asia,

and Central Asia
Unit 6 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................201
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................204
Form A Test .....................................................................................................205
Form B Test .....................................................................................................209
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................214
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................215
Section 4 Quiz ................................................................................................216
Section 5 Quiz ................................................................................................217
Form A Test .....................................................................................................219
Form B Test .....................................................................................................223
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................228
Form A Test .....................................................................................................229
Form B Test .....................................................................................................233
Unit 6 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................237
Unit 6 Form B Test .......................................................................................................................239
Unit 7 Africa South of the Sahara

Unit 7 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................241
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................244
v
Form A Test .....................................................................................................245
Form B Test .....................................................................................................249
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................254
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................255
Section 4 Quiz ................................................................................................256
Section 5 Quiz ................................................................................................257
Form A Test .....................................................................................................259
Form B Test .....................................................................................................263
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................268
Form A Test .....................................................................................................269
Form B Test .....................................................................................................273
Unit 7 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................277
Unit 7 Form B Test .......................................................................................................................279
Unit 8 South Asia

Unit 8 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................281
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................284
Form A Test .....................................................................................................285
Form B Test .....................................................................................................289
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................294
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................295
Form A Test .....................................................................................................297
Form B Test .....................................................................................................301
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................306
Form A Test .....................................................................................................307
Form B Test .....................................................................................................311
Unit 8 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................315
Unit 8 Form B Test ............................................................................................................................................317
Unit 9 East Asia

Unit 9 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................319
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................322
Form A Test .....................................................................................................323
Form B Test .....................................................................................................327
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................332
Section 3 Quiz ................................................................................................333
vi
Form A Test .....................................................................................................335
Form B Test .....................................................................................................339
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................344
Form A Test .....................................................................................................345
Form B Test .....................................................................................................349
Unit 9 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................353
Unit 9 Form B Test .......................................................................................................................355
Unit 10 Southeast Asia

Unit 10 Pretest ..............................................................................................................................357
Chapter 29 Section 1 Quiz..........................................................................................359
Section 2 Quiz..........................................................................................360
Form A Test...............................................................................................361
Form B Test ...............................................................................................365
Section 2 Quiz..........................................................................................370
Form A Test...............................................................................................371
Form B Test ...............................................................................................375
Section 2 Quiz..........................................................................................380
Form A Test...............................................................................................381
Form B Test ...............................................................................................385
Unit 10 Form A Test .......................................................................................................................389
Unit 10 Form B Test .......................................................................................................................391
Unit 11 Australia, Oceania,

and Antarctica
Unit 11 Pretest ....................................................................................................................................................393
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................396
Form A Test .....................................................................................................397
Form B Test .....................................................................................................401
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................406
Form A Test .....................................................................................................407
Form B Test .....................................................................................................411
Section 2 Quiz ................................................................................................416
Form A Test .....................................................................................................417
Form B Test .....................................................................................................421
Unit 11 Form A Test ............................................................................................................................................425
Unit 11 Form B Test .......................................................................................................................427
Answer Key ..........................................................................................................................429
vii
Name Date Class
Pretest
The World
I. MATCHING: Match each item in Column A with an item in Column B.
Write the correct letters in the blanks.
A B
1. typical weather patterns for an area over time A. hemisphere
2. chemical haze that can be seen in the air B. fault

3. all of the bodies of water on the Earth
C. current
4. streams of ocean water
D. migration
5. one of the halves into which the Earth
is divided E. market economy
6. a crack in the Earth’s crust
F. cartography
7. the movement of people from place to place
G. hydrosphere
8. production decisions are made by individuals
and private groups H. climate
9. layer of gases that extends above the
Earth’s surface I. smog
10. study of maps and mapmaking J. atmosphere

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11. Desalination is the process of

a. using unaltered seawater for c. mining salt in any form.
drinking and cooking.
b. removing the salt from d. moving salt from mountains
ocean water. to the ocean.
12. The consistent, proportional relationship between measurements on a map and

measurements on the Earth’s surface is its
a. scale. c. relief.
b. longitude. d. elevation.
13. The Earth rotates on its

a. Equator. c. axis.
b. oceans. d. revolution.
(continued)
Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests 1

Name Date Class
Unit 1, Pretest
14. The birthrate is the number of births per

a. year for 100 people. c. decade for 500 people.
b. century for 1,000 people. d. year for 1,000 people.
15. Human-made features, such as boundaries and highways, would be shown on a

a. political map. c. cartogram.
b. physical map. d. relief map.
16. The movement of air across the surface of the Earth is called
a. rain. c. leeward.
b. current. d. wind.
17. A(n) is a place in a desert with water and lush vegetation.

a. forest c. oasis
b. moraine d. oligarchy
18. The Earth revolves around the sun one time each
a. day. c. month.
b. week. d. year.
19. When , condensation takes place.

a. water vapor cools and falls to c. water heats up, turns into a gas,
the earth as rain, snow, or sleet and rises into the atmosphere
b. water vapor heats and falls to d. the water vapor in a cloud

the earth as rain, snow, or sleet becomes too hot
20. Particular kinds of information, such as climate or population, would be shown

on a
a. hemispheric map. c. physical map.
b. political map. d. thematic map.
III. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS: Answer the following questions

on a separate sheet of paper.
21. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships What is the effect of
elevation (altitude) on climate? How could you have a cold climate
in a tropical latitude?
22. Predicting Consequences The world’s population doubles at increasingly
faster rates. If the rate does not slow down, what may be a few of the
consequences?
2 Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Geography Skills Handbook

MATCHING: Match each item in Column A with an item in Column B.
Write the correct letters in the blanks. (10 points each)
A B
1. shows the relationship between map A. interrupted projection
measurements and actual distances on Earth
B. scale bar
2. pattern of latitude and longitude lines
C. elevation
3. resembles a globe cut apart and laid flat
4. height above sea level D. relief
5. differences in height above sea level E. grid system
MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of

the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
(10 points each)
6. What do cartographers use to show the round Earth on a flat surface?

a. global grid c. compass rose
b. relative location d. map projection
7. What are parallel lines that circle the Earth and measure distance north or south
of the Equator called?
a. absolute location c. latitude
b. cardinal directions d. longitude
8. What is the part of a map that explains the symbols, colors, and lines used?
a. compass rose c. cartogram
b. key d. flow line
9. What divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern
Hemisphere?
a. the Prime Meridian c. cardinal directions
b. the Equator d. flow lines
10. What is each degree of latitude or longitude further divided into?

a. minutes b. seconds c. meridians d. grids

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
The Geographer’s Craft

A B
1. refers to a specific location of a place, A. functional region
including its physical setting
2. a particular space with physical and human B. perceptual region
meaning
C. site
3. resembles a globe cut apart and laid flat
4. refers to a geographic position of a place in D. situation
relation to other places
5. a place defined by popular feelings and images E. place

(10 points each)
6. What is a geographer who examines human economic activities called?

a. geographic educator c. physical geographer

b. human geographer d. environmental specialist
7. What do geographers often use to test the validity of their ideas?

a. direct observation c. mapping
b. interviewing d. statistics
8. What is the study of the interrelationship between people and their physical
environment?
a. human-environment interaction c. physical geography
b. ecosystem d. human geography
9. What does a common characteristic, such as a product, define?

a. formal region c. perceptual region
b. functional region d. location
10. What do geographers use latitude and longitude to determine?

a. functional region c. relative location
b. formal region d. absolute location

Name Date Class
Form A Test
How Geographers Look at the World

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the location of one place in relation to another A. absolute location
2. maps that use colors and symbols to show informa-
B. topography
tion related to a specific idea
3. maps showing movement of people, goods, and C. flow-line maps
ideas
D. relative location
4. the exact location of a place on Earth’s surface
5. the shape of the Earth’s physical features E. qualitative maps
II. Recalling Facts and Ideas

MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of the
6. What are the two types of location that geographers use as reference points?
a. high and low c. absolute and relative
b. human and physical d. population and coastal
7. What is another name for parallels that circle the Earth?

a. lines of longitude c. the Prime Meridian
b. lines of latitude d. meridians
8. Why are maps useful to geographers?

a. A great deal of statistical informa- c. There are many different types
tion can be recorded on a map. of maps.
b. Maps can show the history of d. Maps can show some information
a country at a glance. better than writing can.
9. Statistical data, such as census numbers,

a. are of little practical use to c. never can be misunderstood.
geographers.
b. are always more accurate than d. help geographers identify patterns
interviewing people in person. and trends.
10. Why do geographers study history?

a. to help understand the c. to help determine what
altitude of a region places looked like in the past
b. to make predictions about the d. to learn about latitude and
future geography of an area longitude in ancient times
(continued)

Name Date Class
Chapter 1, Form A Test
11. What is another name for mapmakers?

a. geographers c. architects
b. geologists d. cartographers
12. Which features are most accurately depicted on a globe?

a. area, close-up detail, distance c. close-up detail, distance, direction
b. area, distance, direction d. direction, area, close-up detail
13. What is meant by the term relative location?

a. the exact spot at which a place c. the location of a place unrelated
is found on the globe to other places
b. the location of a place in relation d. the distance of a place from the
to other places Prime Meridian
14. Which of the following would be shown on a physical map?

a. capital cities c. railroads
b. roads and highways d. relief and elevation
15. What name is given to the study of the connections between people and
their physical environment?
a. people-place reaction c. human-environment interaction
b. animal-location relationships d. geography-location interaction
III. Critical Thinking Questions

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

16. Drawing Conclusions How can accurate mapping benefit people?
17. Inferring What helpful information would a geographer obtain by study-
ing the economic activities of a particular area?
IV. Applying Skills Composite Temperature (°F)

Reading a Map Use the map on the right to Jan to Feb 1995 to 2000
answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper.
18. What is the highest average temperature
in January along the West Coast?
19. What is the lowest average temperature
at the southeastern tip of the United
States?
Albuquerque, NM
20. Which city has the warmer average Little Rock, AR
temperature: Albuquerque, New Mexico,
or Little Rock, Arkansas?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the document below to answer the

following question on a separate sheet of paper.
Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends.
Economics has made us partners. And necessity has made us allies. Those
who nature so hath joined, let no man put asunder.
—John F. Kennedy, address to Canadian Parliament, 1961
21. Summarize, in your own words, what John F. Kennedy was saying to
Canada.
Reading a Graphic Organizer Use the graphic organizer below to answer

the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Direct observation Mapping
Research methods
used by geographers
Technology
22. What research method used by geographers is missing from the diagram
above?
23. Give an example of how geographers use the missing research method.
Reading a Chart Use the chart below to answer the following questions
U.S. Technology 1998 2008

Cell phone subscriptions
per 100 people 24 86
Fixed telephone lines

Internet users
Source: International Telecommunication Union
24. How did the number of cell phone subscriptions per 100 people change
between 1998 and 2008?
25. Why did the number of fixed telephone lines decrease between 1998
and 2008?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
How Geographers Look at the World

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a region defined by a common characteristic A. site
2. the specific location of a place, including its
physical setting B. situation
3. a region defined by feelings and images
C. formal region
4. a central place and the surrounding territory
linked to it D. functional region
5. the geographic position of a place in relation to
other places or features of a larger region E. perceptual region

6. On what do functional regions focus?

a. a time period in a specific part c. a central point and the surrounding
of the world territory linked to it
b. the distant future and how d. a system of related regions that

geography will change in an area cover large continents
7. What part of a map explains its symbols, colors, and lines?
a. scale bar c. key
b. compass rose d. cardinal directions
8. What kind of maps show topography?

a. political maps c. thematic maps
b. physical maps d. qualitative maps
9. Why would a geographer be likely to study population density maps of two

counties?
a. to find out which area has the c. to locate the capital of each area
larger supply of natural resources
b. to determine which area has the d. to determine the region’s
greater need for services elevation
10. Satellite imagery is a form of which type of geographic research method?
a. direct observation c. statistical analysis
b. interviewing d. mapping
(continued)

Name Date Class
Chapter 1, Form B Test
11. What do geographers study when they want to understand how a mountain
range affects settlement?
a. the ecosystem c. human-environment interaction
b. the formal region d. geographic information systems
12. Why do geographers use a grid system?

a. to identify the precise location c. to provide information for historians
of any place on Earth
b. to determine the number of d. to calculate the elevations of
people living in a given area mountains and depths of oceans
13. What happens to migrants entering a long-established society?
a. They will be welcomed by c. They might transform the society’s
everyone. culture.
b. They will have no impact on d. They will be forced to return to the
the society. place from which they came.
14. What do we mean when we say that a city is located at longitude 120°E?
a. It is located west of the c. It is located north of the Equator.
Prime Meridian.
b. It is located east of the d. It is located east of the Equator.
Prime Meridian.
15. What kind of map shows states, cities, roads, and railroads?
a. a political map b. a physical map c. a cartogram d. a qualitative map

16. Making Inferences Why might geographers be interested in learning
about the history of an area?
17. Categorizing Information How do geographers divide the Earth?
Describe the grid system, and explain its
most important features, such as the Composite Temperature (°F)
Equator and the Prime Meridian. Jan to Feb 1995 to 2000
IV. Applying Skills

Reading a Map Use the map on the right to
sheet of paper.
18. What is the lowest average temperature
along the East Coast?
Albuquerque, NM
19. What is the average temperature range at Little Rock, AR
the northwestern tip of the United States?
20. Which city has the colder average 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature: Albuquerque, New Mexico,
Source: Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic
or Little Rock, Arkansas? and Atmospheric Administration

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the document below to answer the fol-

lowing question on a separate sheet of paper.
Geography has made us neighbors. History has made us friends.

Economics has made us partners. And necessity has made us allies. Those
who nature so hath joined, let no man put asunder.
—John F. Kennedy, address to Canadian Parliament, 1961
21. Summarize, in your own words, what John F. Kennedy was saying to
Canada.
Reading a Chart Use the chart below to answer the following

questions on a separate sheet of paper.
U.S. Technology 1998 2008

Cell phone subscriptions
Fixed telephone lines

Internet users
22. According to the chart on U.S. technology, each 100 people in the
United States had fixed telephone lines in 1998.
23. Of the technologies shown in the chart, the number of changed

the most dramatically between 1998 and 2008.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Map Use the map below to answer the following

CANADA
WASHINGTON
N.H. MAINE
MONTANA Superior
NORTH DAKOTA Lake
VT.
MASS.
La
OREGON MINN.
ke
n
e Ontario
Lake Michiga
Hur
Lak
on
IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA WIS. NEW YORK RHODE
MICH. E ri
e ISLAND
WYOMING ke
La PENN. CONNECTICUT
NEBRASKA IOWA
OHIO MD. NEW JERSEY
NEVADA IND.
ILLINOIS
UTAH W.VA. DELAWARE
COLORADO VIRGINIA
KANSAS MISSOURI
CALIFORNIA KENTUCKY ATLANTIC
N.C.
TENNESSEE OCEAN
PACIFIC ARIZONA OKLAHOMA S.C. N
NEW MEXICO ARK.
OCEAN
MISS. GEORGIA W E
ALABAMA
TEXAS S
FLORIDA
MEXICO LOUISIANA

ALASKA
HAWAII GULF OF MEXICO
0 250 500 miles
00 300 mi.
300 mi. 0 100 mi.
0 300 km 0 100 km 0 250 500 kilometers
24. Describe the relative location of the state of Michigan, using the map.
25. Choose a place on the map that you know well. Describe the perceptual
region—the associated popular feelings and images—of that place.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Planet Earth
A B
1. natural features of the Earth’s surface A. Dead Sea
2. lowest dry land point on Earth B. hydrosphere
3. small, irregularly shaped, planetlike objects
C. landforms
4. highest point on Earth
D. asteroids
5. includes bodies of water such as oceans,
lakes, and rivers E. Mount Everest

(10 points each)
6. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are

a. terrestrial planets. c. dwarf planets.
b. asteroids. d. gas giant planets.
7. A is made up of icy dust particles and frozen gases.

a. meteoroid c. comet
b. solar system d. gas giant planet
8. Earth’s most visible landforms as seen from space are

a. climates. c. highways.
b. continents. d. hills.
9. An underwater extension of the coastal plain is called the

a. lithosphere. c. continental shelf.
b. Isthmus of Panama. d. continental slope.
10. Outside the , life can exist only with mechanical

life-support systems.
a. valleys c. continents
b. biosphere d. asteroid belt

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Forces of Change
A B
1. the innermost part of the Earth A. plate
2. sudden, violent movement along a fault line

B. glacier
3. huge part of Earth’s crust that floats on the
upper mantle
C. mountain
4. large body of ice that moves across Earth’s
surface D. earthquake
5. landform created by colliding continental plates
E. core

(10 points each)
6. The Grand Canyon in Colorado was created by

a. glacial erosion. c. water erosion.

b. wind erosion. d. chemical erosion.
7. The core, , and crust are the three layers of the Earth.
a. mantle c. plates
b. magma d. lava
8. During pieces of the Earth’s crust come together slowly.

a. erosion c. accretion
b. glaciation d. collision
9. Limestone dissolved by carbon dioxide in rain water is an example

of weathering.
a. physical c. chemical
b. water d. slow
10. When lava breaks through the Earth’s crust, a is formed.

a. trench c. mantle
b. volcano d. glacier

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
Earth’s Water
A B
1. an underground rock layer saturated with water A. water cycle
2. freshwater beneath Earth’s surface B. groundwater
3. the movement of water through different forms C. evaporation
4. changing of liquid water into vapor D. aquifer
5. process of turning ocean water into freshwater E. desalination

(10 points each)
6. About 97 percent of the water on Earth circles the globe as

a. rivers. c. rain.
b. oceans. d. lakes.
7. When clouds gather more water than they can hold, they release moisture as
a. precipitation. c. groundwater.
b. condensation. d. evaporation.
8. Which ocean is the world’s largest ocean?

a. Arctic c. Pacific
b. Atlantic d. Indian
9. Most of the Earth’s total freshwater is in

a. the oceans. c. large lakes.
b. glaciers and ice caps. d. desalination plants.
10. Water vapor changing into liquid water is called

a. evaporation. c. condensation.
b. desalination. d. thunderstorms.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Physical World

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the process that breaks down rocks into smaller A. continental shelf
pieces
B. evaporation
2. large, moving body of ice
3. the changing of liquid water into vapor, or gas C. weathering
4. an underwater extension of the coastal plain

D. plate tectonics
5. the processes that create many of Earth’s
physical features E. glacier

MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
6. Land takes up about how much of the Earth’s surface?

a. 70 percent c. 30 percent
b. 15 percent d. 20 percent
7. What is the highest point on the Earth?

a. Mount Whitney c. Mount Denali
b. the eastern highlands of Africa d. Mount Everest
8. Which of the following best describes the Earth’s inner core?

a. liquid and extremely hot c. liquid and cool
b. solid and cool d. solid and extremely hot
9. What do the terrestrial planets have in common?

a. air temperature c. gaseous formation
b. solid, rocky crusts d. thin, encircling rings
10. Erosion is the wearing away of Earth’s

a. inner core by tectonic activity. c. mantle by the forces of magma
and gravity.
b. surface by wind, glaciers, and d. crust by the pull of the sun and
moving water. the moon.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. The water cycle shows us that the Earth’s water

a. moves around the Earth and is c. moves around the Earth but maintains
decreasing each year. a consistent total amount.
b. moves around the Earth and is d. does not move around the Earth but
increasing each year. maintains a consistent total amount.
12. A lake is a body of water that

a. flows through land areas. c. is fed only by rainfall.
b. is completely surrounded by land. d. must end up flowing to an ocean.
13. What are the three layers of the Earth?

a. ground, air, and water c. water, mantle, and crust
b. core, mantle, and crust d. core, mantle, and air
14. Groundwater comes from

a. rain, melted snow, lakes, and rivers. c. oceans, rain, lakes, and rivers.
b. rain, aquifers, oceans, and streams. d. deserts, valleys, mountains, and oceans.
15. Three types of are seas, gulfs, and bays.

a. oceans c. landforms
b. cloud formations d. bodies of salt water

16. Making Inferences What forces do you think contributed to the many
differences in Earth’s surface?
17. Summarizing the Main Idea Define the
two processes involved in wind and
water movements. Crust
IV. Applying Skills Mantle

Reading a Diagram Use the diagram on the Outer
right to answer the following questions on core
a separate sheet of paper.
18. Which of Earth’s layers is the thinnest? Inner core

19. What is Earth’s innermost layer called?
20. Which of Earth’s layers is between the

outer core and crust?

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the documents below to answer the

following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Human societies suffer much more from declining or irregular water
resources than from changes in temperature. Climate models often make a
rather poor job of simulating even present-day precipitation or the balance
between precipitation and evaporation.
—Frank Oldfield, “Out of Africa,” Nature, January 27, 2000.
21. According to the passage above, human societies suffer more from
than from changes in temperature.
If we do nothing . . . it’s likely that the wheat in some parts of the field
will be killed. Soil will be lost from already vulnerable spots in the field
and end up in fence rows and roadsides—not good environmental
stewardship.
—Crop Watch News Service, University of Nebraska Institute of
Agriculture and Natural Resources Cooperative Extension,
March 15, 2002
22. This Crop Watch bulletin describes the dangers of .
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Chart Use the chart below to answer the following questions.
Write the letter of the best answer to each question in the blanks on the left.
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS GAS GIANT PLANETS

Mercury Jupiter
Venus Saturn
Uranus Neptune
Earth
Mars
23. Which planet is listed in the wrong category?

a. Mars b. Saturn c. Uranus d. Mercury
24. What do the terrestrial planets have in common?

a. air temperature c. gaseous formation
b. solid, rocky crusts d. thin, encircling rings
Reading a Diagram Use the diagram below to answer the following ques-
tion. Write the letter of the best answer in the blank on the left.
Cause Effect/Cause Effect

warm air cools clouds form

25. Which part of the water cycle correctly completes the diagram above?
a. evaporation c. condensation
b. precipitation d. desalination

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Physical World

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the super-hot, solid material inside the Earth A. hydrosphere
2. the part of Earth that supports life B. lithosphere
3. the watery areas of Earth C. biosphere
4. the surface land areas of Earth’s crust D. core
5. molten rock E. mantle

6. Four major types of underwater landforms are

a. mountains, cliffs, valleys, c. geysers, hot springs, snowfields,
and trenches. and cliffs.
b. oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams. d. cities, towns, villages, and counties.
7. The is the deepest known depression on Earth.

a. Pacific Plate c. Mariana Trench
b. Dead Sea d. Isthmus of Panama
8. Which planets are known as dwarf planets?

a. Saturn and Pluto c. Venus and Ceres
b. Ceres and Pluto d. Mercury and Jupiter
9. Asteroids are found mainly between

a. Mercury and the sun. c. the orbits of Saturn and Mars.
b. Earth and the moon. d. the orbits of Jupiter and Mars.
10. What do many scientists believe about the Earth’s continents?

a. They were pulled apart over a c. They once were joined in a single
period of one or two centuries. massive supercontinent.
b. They were pushed together over d. They look the same today as they
millions of years. did millions of years ago.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Cracks in the Earth’s crust are called

a. moraines. c. plates.
b. continental shelves. d. faults.
12. Surrounding the inner core of the Earth is

a. a liquid outer core. c. the crust.
b. a solid outer core. d. the mantle.
13. What is magma?

a. the solid rock at the Earth’s core c. molten rock within the Earth
b. part of the Earth’s solid crust d. solid rock of iron and nickel
14. All planets are grouped into

a. terrestrial planets, gas giant c. terrestrial planets, outer planets,
planets, and dwarf planets. and inner planets.
b. suns, meteorites, and moons. d. free-moving planets, orbiting planets,
and stationary planets.
15. Physical weathering takes place when

a. large masses of rock are welded c. chemicals slowly break down rocks
together by volcanic action. over many years.
b. large masses of rock are broken d. winds blow dirt away from rocks.
into smaller pieces.

16. Drawing Conclusions What is the lowest dry land point on Earth? In
what world region is this located?
17. Comparing and Contrasting How
are terrestrial and gas giant planets Crust
alike and different?
Mantle
IV. Applying Skills
Outer
Reading a Diagram Use the diagram on core
the right to answer the following questions
18. What is Earth’s innermost layer called? Inner core
19. Which of Earth’s layers is between the

outer core and the crust?
20. What layer forms the Earth’s surface?

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the documents below to answer the fol-

lowing questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Slowly rolled out of harm’s way, a 130-year-old North Carolina landmark
is receiving visitors again. The Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, the nation’s
tallest, reopened Friday after being moved a half-mile to save it…. When
the spiral-striped lighthouse closed its doors in November 1998, it was less
than 150 feet from the advancing ocean…. When it went into service in
1870, warning ships away from the treacherous shoals of the Caroline
coastline, the lighthouse stood 1,600 feet from the ocean…. But over the
decades…the ocean [came] steadily closer.
—“Rolled Back from Brink, Cape Hatteras Lighthouse reopens,”
www.cnn.com, May 26, 2000.
21. What forces of change caused the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse to end up
1,450 feet closer to the ocean than it was at its opening? Explain.
The highest of the world’s mountains, it seems, has to make but a single
gesture of magnificence to be the lord of all, vast in unchallenged and iso-
lated supremacy.
—George Mallory, 1924
22. Which of Earth’s landform extremes does George Mallory describe?
(continued)

Name Date Class
tions on a separate sheet of paper.
The Solar System
Pluto
Asteroid Belt (dwarf planet)
Jupiter Saturn
Mars
Mercury Venus
Sun Neptune
Ceres Uranus
Earth (dwarf planet)
Source: National Geographic Society

23. Which planets are closest to Earth?
24. Which are the gas giant planets?
25. What name applies to the group of planets that includes Mercury, Venus,
Earth, and Mars?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Earth-Sun Relationships
A B
1. the latitude of 23 1--2 ° N A. Tropic of Cancer
2. short-term aspect of climate
B. atmosphere
3. traps heat and keeps it from escaping too
quickly into space C. weather
4. permanent daylight found at the Poles during
D. equinox
summer
5. equal hours of daylight and nighttime E. midnight sun

(10 points each)
6. Earth’s position in relation to the sun is the main influence on

a. global warming. c. climate.
b. rotation. d. radiation.
7. The angle of Earth’s tilt affects

a. temperatures. c. global warming.
b. weather. d. the atmosphere.
8. An increase in greenhouse gases might be contributing to

a. ice caps. c. global cooling.
b. atmospheric oxygen. d. global warming.
9. Earth completes one when it travels once around the sun.

a. axis c. solstice
b. revolution d. hemisphere
10. The marks the beginning of summer or winter.

a. tilt c. axis
b. equinox d. solstice

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Factors Affecting Climate

A B
1. air moving across the face of the Earth A. currents
2. windless area at the Equator B. westerlies
3. surface features that affect climate C. doldrums
4. prevailing winds in the midlatitudes D. wind
5. cold and warm streams of ocean water E. landforms

(10 points each)
6. Places located in the have warm to hot climates.

a. high latitudes c. low latitudes
b. rain shadow d. midlatitudes

7. Clouds release moisture on the of mountains.
a. windward side c. peaks
b. leeward side d. slopes
8. In an El Niño year, precipitation increases along the coasts of

a. Hawaii. c. Europe and Africa.
b. Southeast Asia. d. North and South America.
9. Cold ocean currents affect climate by

a. warming land. c. causing precipitation.
b. cooling land. d. flooding.
10. The receive warm air masses in summer and cold ones in winter.
a. midlatitudes c. high latitudes
b. low latitudes d. doldrums

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
World Climate Patterns

A B
1. the climate region with the widest temperature A. steppe
ranges
2. a dry area with sparse plant life B. tropical dry
3. an era when glaciers covered large parts of

C. subarctic
the Earth
4. the climate region with dry winters, wet D. ice age
summers, and year-round high temperatures
5. a large and generally treeless grassland area E. desert

(10 points each)
6. Which of the following describes a Mediterranean climate?

a. dry winters and very hot, dry c. very cold winters and warm
summers summers
b. mild, rainy winters and hot, d. heavy rain throughout the year
sunny summers
7. The terms tropical, dry, midlatitude, high-latitude, and highlands identify

a. vegetation. c. climatic changes.
b. doldrums. d. climate regions.
8. In a climate, ocean winds bring cool summers and damp winters.

a. marine west coast c. desert
b. tropical wet d. subarctic
9. In high-latitude climates, are common.

a. ice ages c. freezing temperatures
b. deserts d. climatic changes
10. Burning fossil fuels releases gases that mix with water to form
a. oxygen. c. clouds.
b. acid rain. d. solar energy.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Climates of the Earth

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. condition of the atmosphere at one place A. climate
and time
B. leeward
2. low-latitude area of very little wind
3. subsoil that never thaws C. weather
4. long-term weather patterns for an area
D. permafrost
5. the side of a mountain that does not get
direct wind E. doldrums

6. Which statement is true of places located in high latitudes?

a. They have a very warm climate. c. They have a mix of extremely hot and
extremely cold weather.

b. They have the same weather as d. They have the coldest climates
places in other latitudes. on Earth.
7. Elevation and climate

a. are very closely related. c. are two terms for the same condition.
b. have little effect on each other. d. are almost impossible to measure
accurately.
8. What were the ice ages?

a. periods of time when glaciers c. periods of time when glaciers
receded to cover only the Poles covered much of the Earth
b. eras during which Earth’s orbit d. times when human and animal
kept the planet far from the sun life thrived in high latitudes
9. Which of the following climate regions has the widest temperature range?
a. arctic b. subarctic c. marine west coast d. tropical
10. Why is Earth’s atmosphere important?

a. It creates the tides. c. It allows heat to escape quickly
in order to cool the planet.
b. It has no effect on heat gain d. It keeps heat from escaping too
or loss. quickly into space.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. In which months do equinoxes take place?

a. June and December c. July and January
b. October and April d. March and September
12. An oasis is a place in the desert at which

a. large cities often are found. c. the temperature is hotter than
in the surrounding area.
b. there is water and lush vegetation. d. desert winds collide to produce sandstorms.
13. What is the natural vegetation of deserts?

a. fir and pine trees c. coconut, banana, and mango trees
b. scattered shrubs and cacti d. evergreen trees and ferns
14. What are global winds that blow in fairly constant patterns called?
a. trade winds c. polar easterlies
b. westerlies d. prevailing winds
15. Earth rotates on its axis one time each

a. day. c. month.
b. week. d. year.

TYPES OF MIDLATITUDE CLIMATES
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions
Marine West Coast

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect abundant rainfall
Relationships How does the Earth-sun cool summers and damp winters
relationship affect climate? evergreen and deciduous trees
17. Problem Solving What are some things Pacific coast of North America
that people might be able to do to
Mediterranean
combat the increasing greenhouse effect?
mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers
Mediterranean scrub and short trees
IV. Applying Skills Mediterranean area and southern California
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right
Humid Subtropical
to answer the following questions on a
nearly year-round rain
separate sheet of paper.
short, mild winters and high humidity
18. Which climate zone has hot, sunny prairies, mixed forests
summers? southeastern United States
19. Which climate zone has cool summers Humid Continental
and damp winters?
located inland away from oceans
20. Which climate zone do you think has long, cold winters
the coldest winters? Why? evergreens and deciduous trees
western Russia

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the document below to answer the fol-

lowing question on a separate sheet of paper.
The warmer waters usually mean bad news for fisherman and for birds—
fewer cold-water fish in the region….
[According to Conrad Lautenbacher of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration:] “It makes a big difference to our economy to
know what's about to happen in terms of energy resources, in terms of
fishing industry, agriculture, what kinds of crops you are going to plant.”
—Marsha Walton, “El Niño: How big a punch?” www.cnn.com,
March 7, 2002.
21. The passage above describes the climatic phenomenon of
.
Reading a Diagram Use the diagram below to answer the following

question on a separate sheet of paper.
Mountain Warm, dry air

Cool, moist air range in rain shadow
drops moisture
North air LEEWARD

o ist
,m SIDE
Ocean Warm
WINDWARD
South SIDE
The Rain Shadow Effect
22. The city of Seattle, which is on the windward side of the Washington
Cascades, gets about 37 inches of precipitation a year. Spokane, on the
leeward side of the Cascades, receives less than 17 inches. Use this dia-
gram and your understanding of the rain shadow effect to explain the dif-
ference in precipitation between Seattle and Spokane.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Hours of sunlight in selected cities on June 21,

the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION LATITUDE DAYLIGHT HOURS
Quito, Ecuador 0° N 12 hours
Guantanamo, Cuba 20° N 13 hours
Cairo, Egypt 30° N 14 hours
Beijing, China 40° N 15 hours
Prague, Czech Republic 50° N 17 hours
Ft. Yukon, AK, United States 67° N 24 hours
23. About how many hours of daylight occur at the summer solstice in
Beijing, China?
24. Explain why there are more hours of daylight in Fort Yukon, Alaska, than
in Guantanamo, Cuba.
25. Quito, Ecuador, is located on the Equator (0° N). Will the number of

hours of daylight there change significantly during the year? Explain.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Climates of the Earth

I. Using Key Terms
Write the correct letters in the blanks at the left.
A B
1. trees that have cones A. global warming
2. the side of a mountain that receives the most
B. smog
precipitation
3. a possible result of the greenhouse effect C. deciduous
4. a visible chemical haze in the atmosphere
D. windward
5. trees with broad leaves that change color and
drop their leaves E. coniferous

6. What is the natural vegetation of deserts?

a. fir and pine trees c. coconut, banana, and mango trees
b. scattered shrubs and cacti d. evergreen trees and ferns
7. Wind patterns are

a. caused by the moon’s pull c. important factors in Earth’s
upon Earth. climates.
b. relatively unimportant as d. almost impossible to determine
climate factors. and track.
8. What causes the Earth’s seasons?
a. the moon’s revolution and its c. Earth’s revolution and its
tilt in relation to Earth tilt in relation to the sun
b. Earth’s rotation and its tilt d. the movement of the continents
in relation to the sun due to continental drift
9. Which of the following affect temperatures on Earth?
a. Earth’s position in relation c. tidal ebb and flow as influenced
to the sun by the sun
b. the phases of the moon d. the number of hours in a calendar day
10. Which of the following areas receive little direct sunlight year-round?
a. the low latitudes c. the midlatitudes
b. the high latitudes d. the midlatitudes and high latitudes
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. What are the two kinds of tropical climates?

a. tropical continental and c. tropical marine west coast
tropical desert and tropical desert
b. tropical rain forest and tropical d. tropical wet and tropical dry
Mediterranean
12. What is the northernmost point on the Earth to receive the sun’s
direct rays?
a. Tropic of Capricorn c. Tropic of Cancer
b. Equator d. North Pole
13. Where are Earth’s polar areas located?

a. in the midlatitudes c. in the major latitudes
b. in the high latitudes d. in the low latitudes
14. Which of the following statements about Earth’s atmosphere is TRUE?

a. It thins as elevation increases. c. It stays the same at all elevations.
b. It thins as elevation decreases. d. It thickens during solar equinoxes.
15. What causes day and night?

a. revolution of Earth c. orbit of Earth
b. rotation of Earth d. Earth’s gravity

TYPES OF MIDLATITUDE CLIMATES

Marine West Coast
16. Making Generalizations Explain why abundant rainfall
prevailing winds move in the patterns cool summers and damp winters
they do. evergreen and deciduous trees
17. Categorizing Information There are Pacific coast of North America
three general zones of latitude. Name Mediterranean
and give a location for each.
mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers
Mediterranean scrub and short trees
IV. Applying Skills Mediterranean area and southern California
Humid Subtropical
to answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper. nearly year-round rain
short, mild winters and high humidity
18. Which climate zone has long, cold winters? prairies, mixed forests
19. In which climate zone are Mediterranean southeastern United States
scrub and short trees found?
Humid Continental
20. In which climate zone would you most located inland away from oceans
want to live? Why? long, cold winters
evergreens and deciduous trees
western Russia

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the document below to answer the

From that blazing disk high in the Hawaiian sky comes the endless power
that drives and rules all life on earth: its plant growth and the food chains
of all its creatures; the winds, rains, and churning weather of the planet;
the ocean currents, forests, prairies, and deserts.
—Samuel W. Matthews, “Under the Sun: Is Our World Warming?”
National Geographic, October 1990
21. Explain the link Samuel Matthews is making between the sun and Earth.
Reading a Diagram Use the diagram on the right to answer the

X
22. If the circle in this diagram is Earth and X is the sun, what
does the line represent?
23. If the X in this diagram is the sun, explain the effect of tilt on
the temperature in a given location on Earth.
(continued)

Name Date Class

World Natural Vegetation Regions

120°W 60°W 0° 60°E 120°E
ARCTIC OCEAN
ARCTIC
CIRCLE
60°N
Mosco
Moscow
Seattle
Seattle Ottawa
Ottawa London
London
Chicag
Chicago Tashken
Tashkent
Madrid
Madrid Beijin
Beijing
30°N Los Angeles Washington,
Washington, Tokyo
Tokyo
TROPIC OF CA
NCER
D.C.
D.C.
ATLANTIC Cair
Cairo
Hong Kong
Kong PACIFIC
City
Mexico City OCEAN Mumbai
Mumbai
PACIFIC OCEAN
Caracas
Caracas Dakar
Dakar (Bombay)
(Bombay) Bangkok
Bangkok
OCEAN
EQUATOR
0°
PRIME MERIDIAN
Kinshasa
Kinshasa INDIAN Jakarta
Tropical rain forest Jakarta
OCEAN
Tropical grassland (savanna) Lima
Lima
Desert scrub and TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
desert waste Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
30°S Johannesburg
Johannesburg
Temperate grassland
Santiago
Santiago Cape Town
Town
Mediterranean scrub Buenos
Buenos
Aires
Aires N 0 4,000 kilometers Sydney
Sydney
Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest W E
0 4,000 miles
Winkel Tripel projection
Mixed forest (deciduous
and coniferous) S
60°S
Tundra IC CIRCLE
ANTARCT
Ice cap
Highland (vegetation
varies with elevation)

24. In which vegetation region is the city of Jakarta?
25. Which cities are located in desert scrub and desert waste
vegetation zones?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
World Population
A B
1. situation in which the birthrate and death rate A. doubling time
are equal
B. negative population
2. the number of years it takes to double the
growth
population
3. situation in which the annual death rate C. demography
exceeds the birthrate
D. metropolitan areas
4. the study of populations
E. zero population growth
5. where many people live in densely populated
countries

(10 points each)
6. To determine , geographers divide the total population by the total

land area.
a. population growth c. negative population growth
b. population density d. doubling time
7. Population density is an average and does not account for population

distribution.
a. increased b. negative c. growing d. uneven
8. One challenge of rapid population growth is providing adequate

a. population distribution. c. urbanization.
b. food production. d. migration.
9. Countries experiencing negative population growth may have to

a. import workers. c. close borders.
b. export food. d. hire demographers.
10. For a given area, population distribution is strongly influenced by

a. prevailing winds. c. geography.
b. ocean currents. d. birthrate.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Global Cultures
A B
1. a large group of languages having similar roots A. migration
2. changes in culture through outside influences
B. cultural diffusion
3. groups of hunters and herders with no fixed
homes C. language family
4. helps members of a culture work together
D. social system
5. the movement of people from one area to
another E. nomads

(10 points each)
6. A key element in a culture’s development is

a. language. c. climate.

b. migration. d. diffusion.
7. Painting, architecture, and music often include

a. ethnic groups. c. social systems.
b. economic activities. d. religious symbols.
8. Governments are organized by and types of authority.

a. social systems c. cultural regions
b. levels of power d. individual needs
9. Some influential culture hearths developed in areas that are now

a. Egypt and Mexico. c. China and Canada.
b. Finland and Greece. d. England and France.
10. A turning point called the involved the use of computers.

a. Industrial Revolution c. culture hearth
b. information revolution d. Agricultural Revolution

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
Political and Economic Systems

A B
1. a command economy with strict governmental A. oligarchy
control
2. a small group holds power B. confederation
3. a king or queen shares power with elected

C. constitutional monarchy
representatives
4. a loose union of independent territories D. market economy
5. businesses make what they believe
consumers want E. communism

(10 points each)
6. Which system of government gives all powers to the national government?

a. socialist monarchy c. federal

b. unitary system d. oligarchy
7. One of the goals of this system of government is the equal distribution of

wealth.
a. socialism c. democracy
b. autocracy d. confederation
8. Habit and custom determine economic activities in a(n)

a. market economy. c. command economy.
b. traditional economy. d. oligarchy.
9. People can own businesses and make profits in a system.

a. command economy c. traditional economy
b. communist d. free enterprise
10. A system of government divides power between national and

state governments.
a. democratic c. federal
b. unitary d. socialist

Name Date Class
Section 4 Quiz
Resources, Trade, and the Environment

A B
1. the removal of trade barriers A. primary
2. economic activities that use raw materials to
produce something new and more valuable B. embargo
3. economic activities that take or use natural

C. free trade
resources directly from the Earth
4. ban on any form of trade with another country D. tertiary
5. economic activities that provide services to
people and businesses E. secondary

(10 points each)
6. The burning of fossil fuels is the main source of

a. photosynthesis. c. land pollution.
b. water pollution. d. air pollution.
7. Water, wind, and solar power are resources.

a. renewable c. hydroelectric
b. nonrenewable d. unpolluted
8. farmers raise crops and livestock to sell in the market.

a. Environmental c. Subsistence
b. Industrialized d. Commercial
9. The United States, Canada, and Mexico set up to eliminate

trade barriers.
a. quotas c. NAFTA
b. embargoes d. GATT
10. A limit on the quantity of a product that can be imported is a(n)

a. ban. c. embargo.
b. quota. d. barrier.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Human World

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a people who share a common language, and history A. natural resource
2. system under which the government owns the
means of production and distribution B. population density
3. an element from the Earth not made by people
but usable by them C. ethnic group
4. a country that is working toward greater technology
and manufacturing D. developing country
5. the average number of people living in a
square unit of land E. command economy

6. Renewable resources are those that

a. can be used up over time. c. are of very little value.

b. can be replaced. d. can be made usable only through
modern technology.
7. What is an embargo?
a. a tax on profits c. a ban on trade with one country
by another
b. an agreement to stop taxing d. a stimulant to the economy
goods and services
8. Subsistence farming involves
a. growing only enough food c. working on a farm that is owned
for family needs. by a major corporation.
b. growing food to sell in markets d. having a constant surplus of food.
worldwide.
9. When the death rate is higher than the birthrate, exists.
a. zero population growth c. population density
b. doubling time d. negative population growth
10. Cities and their surrounding areas are known as

a. urban towns. c. metropolitan areas.
b. city regions. d. suburbs.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Within a culture a social class may be made up of

a. members of the same c. a group ranked by ancestry, wealth,
political party. or education.
b. members of a single family. d. a group of people who like the
same movies.
12. At the end of the 1900s, the world experienced the
a. Industrial Revolution. c. Green Revolution.
b. Agricultural Revolution. d. information revolution.
13. Which statement about a unitary system of government is accurate?

a. Key powers are held by the c. The national government is made up
national government. of many small, self-governing states.
b. Power is shared equally between d. The government allows the people
the people and the government. to make most political decisions.
14. What is a tariff?
a. a tax imposed on imported goods c. a plan under which governments
give money to private businesses
b. a tax imposed on excess d. a necessary part of a free-trade
merchandise agreement
15. A monarchy is a form of government in which
a. the government is run by c. an elected parliament makes all
a few people. the laws.
b. a king or queen has chief control d. there are no laws.
of the state.

World Population Growth
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions 10
9
16. Drawing Conclusions Why is shared
8
Population (in billions)
language so important for cultural unity?

7
17. Analyzing Explain how economic activities
help define a culture. 6
5
IV. Applying Skills
4
Reading a Line Graph Use the graph on the
right to answer the following questions on a 3
separate sheet of paper. 2
18. How many people were there in the 1
world in A.D. 1000?
19. What happened to the world’s population 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
about 1900? Year 2050*
*Projected figure
20. By how many people did the world’s Source: World Almanac, 2001; Population Reference
population grow between 1600 and 1900? Bureau, 2001

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the passages below to answer the

Australia: “In recent decades, Australia has transformed itself into an
internationally competitive, advanced market economy. It boasted one of
the OECD’s fastest growing economies during the 1990s, a performance
due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s.”
Afghanistan: “…Afghanistan is …landlocked, and highly dependent on
foreign aid, agriculture, and trade with neighboring countries. Much of the
population continues to suffer from shortages of housing, clean water,
electricity, medical care, and jobs.”
—The World Factbook 2008, www.cia.gov
21. Which of the two nations described above is a developed nation?
22. How are the problems Afghanistan faces typical of developing nations?
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
Religion provides a sense of identity and shared moral values
Language ?
Social Groups helps members of a culture work together to meet basic needs
Government maintains order, provides protections, supplies services
Economic Activities ?
23. To help complete the chart above, explain how language helps define
culture.
24. To help complete the chart above, explain how economic activities help
define culture.
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following question on
ORIGIN OF REFUGEE POPULATIONS, 2006

Afghanistan 3,260,300
Former Palestine 3,036,400
Iraq 1,687,800
Myanmar 693,300
Sudan 648,000
Source: www.refugees.org
25. According to the table, which country was the source of the largest group
of refugees in the world?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Human World

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the growth rate of a population A. culture
2. the movement of people from place to place
B. oligarchy
3. a system under which a small group holds
power C. natural increase
4. the language, religion, and history of a people
D. migration
5. a system that divides government between
national and state E. federal system

6. Culture hearths are places where

a. people first discovered fire. c. early centers of civilization
influenced their surroundings.
b. the youngest civilizations began. d. the information revolution first

took place.
7. Why must countries trade with each other?
a. Each country wants to make c. Natural resources are distributed
other countries happy. unevenly among countries.
b. Natural resources are distributed d. Otherwise, countries would
evenly throughout the world. accumulate too many goods.
8. What are two major factors that aided the development of complex social systems?
a. hunting and gathering c. decreasing population and disease
b. trade and increased wealth d. the invention of the saw and the rise
of forestry
9. Communism is a command economy with
a. very strict controls. c. decision-making power in the hands
of individual businesses.
b. few or no controls. d. a very strong free-enterprise system.
10. An absolute monarch is one who

a. shares power with his or c. is elected by the vote of
her subjects. the people.
b. has no real power at all. d. has unlimited rule of the people.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Countries that have moved from primarily agricultural to primarily manufactur-
ing and industrial activities are
a. developed countries. c. developing countries.
b. new industrialized countries. d. communist countries.
12. Which statement about the world’s population is accurate?
a. It is evenly distributed. c. It is unevenly distributed.
b. It is decreasing. d. It is increasing, but at a slower rate
than during the 1800s.
13. Culture regions are typically defined by economic systems, government, and
a. climate. c. elevation.
b. social groups. d. prevailing winds.
14. Some of the factors that change cultures are
a. trade, migration, and war. c. a never-changing water supply
and the amount of natural rainfall.
b. geology and the need for people d. living in a totally isolated place
to stay in one place. and not traveling.
15. An ethnic group is made up of people who
a. have only their race in common. c. come from different places but have
similar traditions.
b. have a common language, history, d. put aside their differences to work
and place of origin. toward a common goal.

World Population Growth

10
16. Categorizing Information What are the
9
main features of an oligarchy, a democracy, and
an autocracy? Give an example of each one. 8
Population (in billions)
17. Drawing Conclusions If you were going to 7

start your own business, would you rather
work under a command economy or a 6
market economy? Why? 5
4
IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Line Graph Use the graph on the 3
right to answer the following questions on a 2
1
18. What was the world’s population in 1400?
19. What was the population trend between 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
A.D.
1000 and 1600?
Year 2050*
20. What is the highest projected population *Projected figure
number for 2050? Source: World Almanac, 2001; Population Reference
Bureau, 2001

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the documents below to answer the fol-

It is the common failing of totalitarian regimes that they cannot really
understand the nature of our democracy. They mistake dissent for disloy-
alty. They mistake restlessness for a rejection of policy. They mistake a
few committees for a country. They misjudge individual speeches for
public policy.
—President Lyndon B. Johnson, address at San Antonio, September
1967
21. Use your understanding of totalitarian government and democracy to
explain the main point of President Johnson’s words.
Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change. . . . It is, as it
has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped
create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and
promises to reshape them again.
—Michael Parfit, “Human Migration,” National Geographic, October
1998
22. Explain some of the recent changes that migration has caused.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Map Use the map below to answer the following questions on
Southwest Asia: Economic Activity
30°E Black Sea 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E

40°N
Ca
Istanbul 0 mi. 500
spi
Wheat 0 km 500 ASIA
a
Fruit TU R KE Y
n Se
Lambert Azimuthal
Olives Cotton Sheep Equal-Area projection
a
Mersin
Mediterranean SYR IA
Sea LEBANON Tehran
AFGHANISTAN
Tel Aviv-Yafo Baghdad Cotton
30°N IR A Q Barley
ISRAEL
JORDAN IRAN
Camels Resources
Dat
P
Coal
Pe
KUWAIT s
es
BAHRAIN ian
r
Re
AFRICA Gu Copper
d S
lf
T R OP I C
O F C A NC Camels QATAR Gulf of Gold
ER Oman
e
S A UD I
a
Dates A R A B I A Iron ore
Land Use UNITED ARAB Dates Lead

20°N EMIRATES
Commercial farming OMAN Manganese
Subsistence farming
Natural gas
Forests
Livestock raising Coffee N Petroleum
Y E MEN
Dates
Nomadic herding Phosphates

Commercial fishing Aden
A d en
Manufacturing area G ulf of P
Potash

Little or no activity Zinc
23. What are the primary economic activities of the people of Yemen?
24. What nonrenewable resources does Oman have?
25. What type of secondary economic activity is shown on the map?

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The World
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. language, religion, social groups, government, A. command economy
and more
2. government-controlled production and B. culture
distribution
C. population density
3. molten rock within the Earth
4. the exact point on a grid of latitude D. magma

and longitude lines
5. the number of people per square unit of land E. absolute location

6. Cartographers are people who make

a. weather forecasts. c. musical instruments.

b. train schedules. d. maps.
7. Latitude lines run

a. parallel to the Equator. c. in circular patterns clockwise
in the Northern Hemisphere.
b. north and south from the Poles. d. in circular patterns counterclockwise
in the Northern Hemisphere.
8. The solstices take place in

a. February and May. c. March and September.
b. December and January. d. June and December.
9. When a mountain blocks precipitation to its leeward side, the result is a

a. windward circumstance. c. rain shadow effect.
b. leeward disturbance. d. greenhouse effect.
10. A government that is run by one person alone

a. has never happened in c. is called an oligarchy.
world history.
b. is called an autocracy. d. may be known as a
democratic monarchy.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 1, Form A Test
11. Two types of dry climates are desert and

a. Mediterranean. c. steppe.
b. chaparral. d. marine west coast.
12. The Coriolis effect causes prevailing winds to blow

a. diagonally. c. more slowly than usual.
b. backward. d. counterclockwise in the
Northern Hemisphere.
13. Earth takes one year to complete a(n)
a. rotation. c. revolution.
b. equinox. d. axis.
14. The doubling time is the time it takes for the

a. Earth to turn two rotations. c. number of people in an area
to begin growing.
b. landmass of a continent d. population of an area to double
to double. in size.
15. The two types of weathering are
a. rain and avalanche. c. physical and chemical.
b. physical and erosion. d. glacier and thunderstorm.


16. Summarizing the Main Idea In two or
Rain Shadow Effect
three sentences, explain the theory of
continental drift. N
17. Making Decisions If you had to choose
a form of government under which to W E
live, which one would you choose?
Explain why you would prefer it to others. S
IV. Applying Skills

Reading a Diagram Use the diagram on windward leeward
18. From which direction are the prevailing
winds coming?
19. On which side of the mountain is the
rain shadow?
20. Which side of the mountain has dense
forests? Why does no dense forest appear
on the other side?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The World
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the shape of Earth’s physical features A. grid system
2. people who share a common language, history,

and place of origin B. topography
3. lines of latitude and longitude

C. mantle
4. the middle layer of the Earth that lies beneath
the crust D. cultural diffusion
5. the process of spreading new knowledge and
ideas from culture to culture E. ethnic group

6. The theory of continental drift states that

a. continents were formed by c. continents were once joined and
colliding tectonic plates. then drifted apart.
b. one gigantic supercontinent d. magma created separate continents.
never existed.
7. The term refers to the location of one place in relation to another.

a. absolute location c. relative region
b. relative location d. absolute grid
8. Where is the Tropic of Capricorn located?

a. between the Antarctic Circle c. between the Arctic Circle
and the Equator and the North Pole
b. between the Arctic Circle d. between the Antarctic Circle
and the Equator and the South Pole
9. Temperatures on Earth are affected by

a. the cycles of the moon. c. the angle of Earth’s tilt.
b. the orbit of Mercury around d. the Coriolis effect.
the sun.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 1, Form B Test
10. A community of plants, animals, and their surroundings is called a(n)

a. place. b. region. c. absolute location. d. ecosystem.
11. Which of the following best summarizes the water cycle?

a. evaporation, subduction, c. evaporation, condensation,
accretion precipitation
b. condensation, spreading, d. condensation, precipitation,
precipitation weathering
12. A central point and the related territory around it is called a(n)
a. perceptual region. c. absolute location.
b. relative location. d. functional region.
13. A country establishes by imposing tariffs, quotas, or embargoes.

a. free trade c. industrialization
b. barriers to trade d. economic development
14. The Prime Meridian is the

a. dividing line for the Northern c. line halfway between the Equator
and Southern Hemispheres. and the South Pole.
b. line halfway between the Equator d. dividing line for the Eastern
and the North Pole. and Western Hemispheres.
15. The climate region that is closest to the poles is the

a. subarctic. b. steppe. c. tundra. d. low latitude.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect
Relationships Why do prevailing winds blow Rain Shadow Effect
in a diagonal direction? N
17. Making Inferences How can trade and migra-
W E
tion change cultures?
S
IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Diagram Use the diagram on the right
windward leeward
18. Which side of the mountain has a drier land-
scape?
19. On which side of the mountain would you find
more food for grazing animals? Why?
20. Why does the mountain prevent the rain from
reaching the leeward side?

Name Date Class
Pretest
The United States and Canada

A B
1. the original inhabitants of North America A. dominion
2. a city’s outlying communities B. commodities

3. the ability to speak two languages
C. suburbs
4. agricultural goods produced for sale
D. Native Americans
5. naturally treeless expanse of grass
6. tax or fee E. tariff
7. system that helped enslaved people escape F. divide

from bondage
G. immigrate
8. partially self-governing country
9. high point that determines the direction H. prairie

rivers flow
I. bilingual
10. to come into a foreign country to make
one’s home J. Underground Railroad
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of
11. Water is an important resource for

a. transportation. c. overfishing.
b. waste dumping. d. eutrophication.
12. The Great Plains, in the center of the continent, has a

a. humid continental climate. c. subarctic climate.
b. high-latitude climate. d. steppe climate.
13. A is one kind of governmental decision-making group.

a. free market c. parliament
b. constitution d. colony
14. When immigrants arrive in a new country, they

a. often keep their language and c. leave behind all language and
traditions while adapting to cultural identity.
new ways.
b. usually live in communities that d. are quickly assimilated into the
retain only ancient traditions. new culture.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 2, Pretest
15. Most of the Canadian population lives

a. in the Prairie provinces. c. in the Maritime provinces.
b. near the U.S.–Canada border. d. in Toronto and Quebec.
16. North America’s natural resources

a. include factories and c. are abundant and always
manufacturing systems. able to replace themselves.
b. include timber, fisheries, mineral d. do not include petroleum or minerals.
deposits, soil, and water.
17. People own their own businesses in a(n)
a. planned economy. c. underground economy.
b. communal economy. d. market economy.
18. The Mississippi River empties into

a. Lake Erie. c. the Atlantic Ocean.
b. the Gulf of Mexico. d. the Pacific Ocean.
19. Greenland is
a. part of Central America. c. an island west of Canada.
b. part of the North American d. an island northeast of Canada.
mainland.
20. Cultivating the land to catch and hold rainwater is known as
a. terraced farming. c. dry farming.
b. irrigation farming. d. subsistence farming.

21. Making Inferences In what ways has immigration enriched life in

North America?
22. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships How do you affect
the environment, and how do environmental concerns affect you?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. smaller river or stream that connects to a A. divide
larger river
2. boundary where higher land drops to the B. headwaters
coastal plain
C. tributary
3. high point or ridge that determines the
direction in which rivers flow
D. aquaculture
4. fish farming
5. source of a river E. fall line

(10 points each)
6. A notable feature of the is Death Valley.

a. Great Lakes b. Great Divide c. Great Plains d. Great Basin
7. Where are North America’s greatest oil reserves found?

a. in Alaska; in Texas; and in c. in Texas; in New Mexico; and in

Alberta, Canada Alberta, Canada
b. in Alaska; in Texas; and in d. in Alaska; in the Rocky Mountains;
Quebec, Canada and in Alberta, Canada
8. In North America, where is iron ore mainly found?

a. northern Montana and Idaho, and c. Pennsylvania, New York, and
the Canadian Rockies Canada’s Great Lakes
b. northern Minnesota and Michigan, d. the Appalachians, Wyoming, and
and the Canadian Shield British Columbia
9. Lakes and rivers are important resources because they

a. are a source of recreation. c. provide an outlet for sewers
and industrial waste.
b. are used for shipping d. are a natural defense against
and transportation. invaders.
10. The once was one of the world’s richest fishing grounds.
a. Great Lakes of Canada c. Gulf of Alaska
b. Grand Banks of Canada d. St. Lawrence River

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Climate and Vegetation

A B
1. vegetation made up of dense forests of shrubs A. hurricane
and short trees
2. large, powerful ocean windstorm hundreds of B. chaparral
miles wide
3. warm, dry wind that blows down the Rockies
C. supercell
in early spring
4. violent spring and summer thunderstorm that
often spawns tornadoes D. chinook
5. violent snowstorm that impedes visibility and
lasts for over three hours E. blizzard

(10 points each)
6. Ever-present cold and little vegetation are found

a. at high altitudes. c. at high elevations and far northern latitudes.

b. in far northern latitudes. d. just below the timberline.
7. The Great Plains have bitter winters and hot summers because
a. they are far from the oceans. c. they have the highest rainfall average
in the United States.
b. they have few lakes and rivers. d. the prairies have fields of tall grass.
8. The highest temperature ever recorded in the United States was at

a. Bonneville, Utah. c. the Painted Desert.
b. Florida’s southern tip. d. Death Valley.
9. The Dust Bowl was caused by

a. drought and poor farming c. settlers who planted fields of tall
techniques. prairie grass.
b. lightning fires on the prairie and d. thunderstorms over the Great Plains.
years of drought.
10. Few people live in Greenland because
a. it is isolated from Europe’s c. its transportation and shipping facilities
cultural centers. are poor.
b. it is the biggest island in the world. d. the weather is bitterly cold and
farming is difficult.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography
of the United States and Canada
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. large, treeless expanse of grasses A. blizzard
2. warm, dry Rocky Mountain wind B. chinook
3. Florida’s wetlands and swamps C. hurricane
4. tropical ocean storm D. Everglades
5. severe winter snowstorm E. prairie

6. The Grand Banks is located off the coast of

a. Canada. c. Maine.
b. Alaska. d. Florida.
7. What kind of climate characterizes the northeastern United States?

a. humid continental c. marine west coast
b. Mediterranean d. steppe
8. The Pacific Ranges were formed by

a. volcanic activity. c. the collision of tectonic plates.
b. recent glacier deposits. d. the Great Divide.
9. Tall are common native plants of the Great Plains.

a. deciduous trees c. conifers
b. cacti d. grasses
10. The Piedmont drops to the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and eastern rivers break into
rapids and waterfalls
a. along the fall line. c. in the Appalachian Mountains.
b. along the Continental Divide. d. in the tidal basin.
11. Summers generally are in the southeastern United States.

a. cold c. hot and dry
b. cool and rainy d. long and muggy
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. West of the Continental Divide, rivers flow into

a. the Gulf of Mexico. c. the Mississippi River.
b. the Pacific Ocean. d. the Rio Grande.
13. Which of the following areas are not top producers of petroleum and/or
natural gas?
a. Texas c. Wyoming
b. Alaska d. Alberta
14. No trees grow

a. below the timberline. c. below the fault line.
b. above the timberline. d. north of the Great Lakes.
15. What part did glaciers play in forming the Great Lakes?
a. Glaciers melted in upstream c. Glaciers carved basins out
rivers and lakes. of bedrock.
b. Glaciers forced the Earth’s crust d. Glaciers froze the topsoil.
upward.

16. Finding and Summarizing the Main Idea Explain how abundant
freshwater resources have made North America a wealthy region.

17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships Explain how the Great
Lakes were formed.
IV. Applying Skills Normal Temperatures (°F) for 1971–2000

100
Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar Jul Jul
Normal Range of High
graph on the right to answer the Jul Jul
and Low Temperatures Jul
Jul
following questions on a 80 Jan
Jul
18. According to the bar graph, 60 Jan
Jan
which city has the lowest
Jul Jan
winter temperatures?
40 Jan
19. Which two cities have the Jan
Jan
least difference between their

Jan
summer high temperature and 20
their winter high temperature?
20. Given what you know about Jan
0
climate, do the figures for
Barrow,
Alaska
San Francisco,
California
City,
YorkYork,
New York
Miami,
Florida
Albuquerque,
New Mexico
Columbus,
Ohio
Montreal,
Canada
Barrow and Montreal surprise

NewNew
you? Why or why not? -20
Source: World Almanac, 2003

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the passage below to answer the follow-

ing question. Write the letter of the best answer in the blank on the left.
By 12,000 years ago glaciers had carved canyons through the resulting
uplift and created a sequence of stark, steep-flanked peaks, the tallest of
which, the Grand Teton, surges well over a mile above the sagebrush flats
into the sky. Conceived in even greater violence, Yellowstone’s central
plateau was born in a succession of massive volcanic eruptions, the last of
which occurred some 600,000 years ago.
—Alexandra Fuller, “Yellowstone and the Tetons,” National Geographic
(online), November 2003
21. The above description of the formation of the Grand Teton defines the process of
a. tectonic activity. c. weathering.
b. wind erosion. d. glacial erosion.
Just How Cold Is It?

City Average Number of Days Average Winter
Below 32ºF/0ºC Temperatures
Chicago, Illinois 132 25ºF/⫺3ºC
Yellowknife, 224 ⫺10ºF/⫺23ºC
Northwest Territories
Source: www.weatherbase.com
22. According to the table, how many more days of below-freezing temperatures
does Yellowknife have than Chicago?
a. 90 c. 92
b. 91 d. 93
23. According to the table, how many degrees warmer is the average winter
temperature in Chicago than in Yellowknife?
a. 15 degrees F c. 20 degrees F
b. 35 degrees F d. 30 degrees F
(continued)

Name Date Class

questions. Write the letter of the best answer to each question in the
blanks on the left.
90°W 80°W 70°W

50°N
0 mi. 400
0 km 400
R.
MAINE
upe Azimuthal Equidistant projection
L. S rior
ce
VERMONT
ren
aw
.L
L.
S
St
N
NEW
Hu
NEW HAMPSHIRE
L. Michigan
AI
L. Ontario YORK
ron
MASSACHUSETTS
NT
RHODE ISLAND
OU
ie
Er CONNECTICUT
L.
M
PENNSYLVANIA NEW JERSEY

OHIO
A
DELAWARE
AN
IA
40°N WEST
DI
VIRGINIA MARYLAND
CH
IN
O hi Washington, D.C.
o R.
VIRGINIA
LA
N KENTUCKY Atlantic
PA
NORTH Ocean
R.
CAROLINA
AP
TENNESSEE
ppi
issi
SOUTH Elevations
Miss
CAROLINA Feet Meters

3,000
PI
10,000
1,500
S IP
5,000
GEORGIA 600

2,000
S IS
300
ALABAMA 1,000
0
IS
0
M
24. According to the map above, which of the following states has the highest point
of elevation?
a. Alabama c. North Carolina
b. Mississippi d. Indiana
25. According to the map above, which body of water forms part of the northern
border of Ohio?
a. Ohio River c. Lake Erie
b. Mississippi River d. St. Lawrence River

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. high point that determines the direction of rivers A. divide
2. place for catching fish and marine animals B. headwaters
3. branch of a river
C. tributary
4. boundary where rivers break into rapids and
waterfalls D. fishery
5. origin of a river E. fall line

6. What kind of climate does Hawaii have?
a. humid subtropical c. marine west coast
b. tropical wet d. tropical dry

7. Few people inhabit because of its harsh climate.
a. Canada c. Alaska
b. Minnesota d. Greenland
8. Moist winds from the Gulf of Mexico and the Arctic
a. bring rain and snow to the c. usually dissipate at sea.
Great Plains.
b. form supercells along the d. create muggy summer weather
East Coast. in Washington, D.C.
9. The Canadian cities of , , and grew up along the
St. Lawrence River.
a. Quebec, Halifax, Ottawa c. Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton
b. Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary d. Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa
10. The Dust Bowl occurred when ___________ and dry weather blanketed the
Great Plains.
a. settlers broke up the sod to c. livestock grazed too heavily
grow crops
b. settlers used large amounts d. irrigation systems flooded
of fertilizer the land
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Large deposits of coal, iron, and other minerals favored industrial and urban
growth in the
a. Pacific Northwest. c. Canadian west.
b. Great Lakes area. d. Great Plains region.
12. Climate regions vary with changes in elevation and

a. latitude. c. soil condition.
b. longitude. d. rainfall.
13. A tornado develops out of a

a. rain shadow. c. blizzard.
b. supercell. d. hurricane.
14. Which of the following is not included in the Pacific Ranges?

a. the Alaska Range c. the Cascade Range
b. the Sierra Nevada d. the Rocky Mountains
15. Mediterranean scrub vegetation that depends on regular burning for

its growth is called
a. switchgrass. c. deciduous forest.
b. chaparral. d. chinook.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships How did soil changes in

the plains during the 1930s affect the area’s population?
17. Categorizing Information Name and briefly describe four landforms
or geographical features shared by the United States and Canada.
IV. Applying Skills Normal Temperatures (°F) for 1971–2000

100
Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar Jul Jul
Normal Range of High
graph on the right to answer the Jul Jul
and Low Temperatures Jul
Jul
following questions on a 80 Jan
separate sheet of paper. Jul
18. According to the bar graph, 60 Jan

Jan
which two cities have the
Jul Jan
highest summer temperatures?
40 Jan
19. What is normally the coldest Jan
Jan
temperature in Columbus,
Jan
Ohio? When does it occur? 20
20. Given what you know about
climate, do the figures for Jan
0
Miami, Florida, surprise you?
Barrow,
Alaska
San Francisco,
California
City,
YorkYork,
New York
Miami,
Florida
Albuquerque,
New Mexico
Columbus,
Ohio
Montreal,
Canada
Why or why not?

NewNew
-20

Name Date Class
Just How Cold Is It?

City Average Number of Days Average Winter
Below 32ºF/0ºC Temperatures
Chicago, Illinois 132 25ºF/⫺3ºC
Yellowknife, 224 ⫺10ºF/⫺23ºC
Northwest Territories
Source: www.weatherbase.com
21. According to the table, how many more days of below-freezing temperatures
does Yellowknife have than Chicago?
a. 90 c. 92
b. 91 d. 93
22. According to the table, how many degrees warmer is the average winter
temperature in Chicago than in Yellowknife?
a. 15 degrees F c. 20 degrees F
b. 35 degrees F d. 30 degrees F
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following question on a
Great Lakes Erie Huron Michigan Ontario Superior

Length (miles) 241 206 307 193 350

Breadth (miles) 57 183 118 53 160
Volume of water 116 850 1,180 393 2,935
(cubic miles)
23. According to the table, is the largest of the Great Lakes.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the passage below to answer the

By 12,000 years ago glaciers had carved canyons through the resulting
uplift and created a sequence of stark, steep-flanked peaks, the tallest of
which, the Grand Teton, surges well over a mile above the sagebrush flats
into the sky. Conceived in even greater violence, Yellowstone’s central
plateau was born in a succession of massive volcanic eruptions, the last of
which occurred some 600,000 years ago.
—Alexandra Fuller, “Yellowstone and the Tetons,” National
Geographic (online), November 2003
24. According to the passage, Yellowstone’s central plateau was created by

25. The above description of the formation of the Grand Teton defines the
process of

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The United States

A B
1. region including a city and its surrounding A. metropolitan area
suburbs
2. the spread of urban development into B. suburb
surrounding areas
C. urban sprawl
3. outlying community around a city
4. the movement of people into one country from D. megalopolis
another
5. chain of closely linked metropolitan areas E. immigration

(10 points each)
6. The movement of people into one country from another is called

a. naturalization. c. migration.
b. immigration. d. urbanization.
7. What is the population density of the United States?

a. 8 people per square mile c. 87 people per square mile
(3 people per sq. km) (33 people per sq. km)
b. 31 people per square mile d. 250 people per square mile
(12 people per sq. km) (100 people per sq. km)
8. The spread of people and suburban development as metropolitan areas become
more crowded is called
a. a megalopolis. c. urban sprawl.
b. westward expansion. d. urbanization.
9. What land acquisition, made in 1803, doubled the size of the United States?
a. the Louisiana Purchase c. the annexation of Texas
b. the Alaska Purchase d. the Gadsden Purchase
10. Compared to the population in 1970, Americans are now

a. getting younger. c. the same age as in 1970.
b. getting older. d. 50% over the age of 40 and
50% under the age of 40.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Canada
A B
1. French-speaking citizens of Quebec A. Loyalist
2. partially self-governing country
B. Inuit
3. colonists who wished to remain subject to the
British government C. Quebecois
4. breaking away of one part of a country to create an
D. dominion
independent country
5. Arctic native peoples of North America E. separatism

(10 points each)
6. What prompted migration to the Prairie Provinces in the late twentieth century?
a. mild climate c. many large urban centers
b. the discovery of oil and d. development of trade between

natural gas Canada and Asia
7. What happened to the populations of Native Americans during the 200 years
following the arrival of the first Europeans in the 1400s?
a. Native populations declined. c. All native populations died off.
b. Native populations increased. d. Native Americans migrated south.
8. Quebec’s movement toward independence is called

a. bilingualism. b. separatism. c. provincialism. d. Quebecois.
9. The agreement that eliminates tariffs and other trade barriers between
Canada and the United States and Mexico is the
a. General Agreement on Tariffs c. North American Free Trade
and Trade (GATT). Agreement (NAFTA).
b. World Trade Organization d. Free Trade of the Americas Agreement
(WTO). (FTAA)
10. What are the official languages of Canada?

a. English and Inuktitut c. English and French
b. French and Inuktitut d. English and German

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Pretest
Cultural Geography
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the collective governing body of Canada A. bilingual
2. having the ability to speak two languages
B. Parliament
3. American musical form with roots in Africa
and Europe C. dominion
4. the breaking away of one part of a country to
D. jazz
create an independent country
5. a partially self-governing country E. separatism

6. In order to expand westward, the United States purchased lands from

a. Spain and France. c. England and France.
b. France. d. England and Spain.
7. Population clusters in the United States are located

a. along the Pacific coast, the Great c. in the Great Plains.
Lakes, and in the Northeast.
b. in the South and Southwest. d. along the U.S.-Mexico border.
8. Canada was originally a of Great Britain.

a. dominion c. loyalist system
b. confederacy d. bilingual system
9. A large number of the early colonists of Canada were

a. political refugees from Europe. c. Spanish explorers.
b. Loyalists who left the American d. Native Americans who had
colonies. been educated by missionaries.
10. What name was given to the network of safe houses that assisted people
escaping slavery in the 1800s?
a. the Transcontinental Railroad c. the Bill of Rights
b. the Underground Railroad d. the Freedom Trail
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Canada and the United States have

a. the same population density. c. the same health programs.
b. the exact same form of d. played a role in each other’s
government. histories.
12. Why did the Midwest become a leading center of industry in the 1800s?
a. Waterfalls supplied power to run c. Large supplies of coal made
machines. steam power cheap.
b. Nearby petroleum reserves d. Large supplies of whale oil came in
supplied cheap power. through the St. Lawrence Seaway.
13. Some people in the French-speaking province of are interested in

gaining independence from Canada.
a. Nunavut b. Quebec c. Alberta d. Montreal
14. For at least , people have lived in North America.

a. 10,000 years c. 20,000 years
b. 100,000 years d. 40,000 years
15. Compared to households in 1970, households in the United States today are,
on average,
a. smaller, with only one or c. the same size, with about
two people. four people.
b. larger, with more than d. mostly made up of children
four people. under the age of 18.

16. Drawing Conclusions What are the three least densely populated areas
of the United States? Why?
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships What were some of the
reasons immigrants came to the United States and Canada?
IV. Applying Skills

Population of
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to answer
San Francisco, California
18. Between which two years did the population Date Population
of San Francisco grow most quickly? 1846 200
19. How may natural resources have affected the 1848 800
population changes shown in the chart? 1849 10,000
20. What problems do you think San Francisco 1850 35,000
experienced in 1850? Explain.
1900 300,000
Sources: The World Book, 2000; Time Almanac, 2001

Name Date Class
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Population Statistics
Projected Infant
Population Population Estimated Mortality
Population under Change Population Rate per
Country and Density Urban 15/over 65 2009–2050 2050 1,000
33,700,000
Canada 9 per sq. mi. 79% 17%/14% 24% 41,900,000 5.0
3 per sq. km
306,800,000
United
87 per sq. mi. 79% 20%/13% 43% 439,000,000 6.6
States
33 per sq. km
Source: 2009 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau.
21. According to the table, about how many more people are projected to live in
the United States and Canada in 2050 than did in 2009?
a. 328,500,000 c. 140,400,000
b. 145,800,000 d. 456,800,000
22. According to the table, how does the population of the United States compare
with that of Canada?
a. The populations are about equal. c. The United States has just under
10 times as many people.

b. The United States has about d. The population density is
twice as many people. greater in Canada.
(continued)

Name Date Class

following question. Write the letter of the best answer in the blank on the left.
Seventy million Americans lived in the nation’s urbanized areas in 1950;
these regions covered some 13,000 square miles. By 1990 the urban-subur-
ban population had more than doubled, yet the area occupied by that pop-
ulation almost quintupled—to more than 60,000 square miles.
Phoenix, Arizona, one of the Sunbelt’s fastest growing communities, has
been spreading outward at the rate of an acre an hour. Atlanta, Georgia,
another overachiever, boasts a metropolitan area that is already larger than
the state of Delaware.
—John G. Mitchell, “Urban Sprawl,” National Geographic, July 2001
23. What process is being described in the passage above?
a. urbanization c. natural increase
b. migration d. urban sprawl
U.S. Population by Race, 2006 (in millions)

White 239.7
Black or African American 38.3
American Indian and Alaska Native 2.9
Asian 13.1

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.5
Two or more races 4.7
Total 299.3
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.
24. Which of the following can be concluded about the population of the United
States from the chart above?
a. About one-third of the population is not white.
b. About one-fourth of the population is of two or more races.
c. There are three times as many Asian as African Americans.
d. About one-third of the population is American Indian and Alaska Native.
25. Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population consists of American

Indians and Alaska Natives?
a. about 20 percent c. about 2.5 percent
b. about 10 percent d. about 1 percent

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. growing southern region of the United States A. Sunbelt
2. outlying areas of cities B. suburbs
3. chain of closely linked metropolitan areas C. urban sprawl
4. the spread of people and suburban development D. megalopolis
5. political unit similar to a state E. province

6. Most people of the United States are or their descendants.

a. immigrants c. suburbanites
b. republicans d. Native Americans
7. What did America’s inland and coastal waterways provide in the development of cities?
a. shipping and trade routes c. a natural defense from attacks by
the British
b. a water route from the Atlantic d. a safe haven for runaway slaves
to the Pacific
8. Enslaved African Americans were when they escaped to
Canada.
a. protected c. returned to the South
b. hunted d. jailed
9. After the American Revolution, the American colonies ruled themselves under
a. industrialization. c. a republic.
b. a dominion. d. the British monarchy.
10. Which statement about health care in the United States is true?
a. Some Americans cannot afford c. The switch to managed health care
to buy health insurance. plans is not part of a cost-control effort.
b. The federal government pays d. Americans with disabilities do not have
for all health care services. access to health insurance.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Most of the people in the United States live in

a. metropolitan areas. c. the Sunbelt.
b. rural areas. d. on the Great Plains.
12. What European countries were the first to colonize North America?
a. Germany, Italy, and France c. Mexico, China, and Great Britain
b. Norway, Spain, and Poland d. Spain, France, and Great Britain
13. Great mineral resources, technological inventions, and immigrants in need of

work contributed greatly to the
a. industrialization of American cities. c. rise of the United States as a
world power.
b. growth of small farms. d. Bill of Rights.
14. Which country sold to the United States the largest tract of land west of the
Mississippi?
a. Spain c. France
b. England d. Russia
15. Most people in the United States

a. would like to emigrate to c. are worse off, economically,
another country. than most Europeans.
b. enjoy one of the highest d. have barely enough to eat.
standards of living in the world.

16. Making Inferences Why would a Bill of Rights be especially important

to a nation populated by immigrants?
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships How did natural resources
and climate contribute to the establishment of slavery in the South?
IV. Applying Skills

Population of
San Francisco, California
Date Population
18. Compare population figures for San Francisco
for the years 1848–1850. What conclusions can 1846 200
you draw about how the city was growing? 1848 800
19. Why did a very large number of immigrants arrive 1849 10,000
in San Francisco in a very short span of time? 1850 35,000
1900 300,000
20. In general, how did natural resources affect
population distribution, and why?
Sources: The World Book, 2000; Time Almanac, 2001

Name Date Class

People have always been drawn to rivers. They choose to live, work and
enjoy life in places fed by bountiful waters. The power and promise of
the Merrimack led to the settlement of the area near the Pawtucket Falls
by native peoples and to the founding of a new city in the 19th century.
—City of Lowell, History
21. The quotation above is about Lowell, Massachusetts, where an industrial
city was founded in 1821. What was the source of power for the industry
of Lowell?
Population Statistics
Projected Infant
Population Population Estimated Mortality
Population under Change Population Rate per
Country and Density Urban 15/over 65 2009–2050 2050 1,000
33,700,000
Canada 9 per sq. mi. 79% 17%/14% 24% 41,900,000 5.0
3 per sq. km
306,800,000
United
87 per sq. mi. 79% 20%/13% 43% 439,000,000 6.6
States
33 per sq. km
Source: 2009 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau.
22. How does the population of the United States compare with that of Canada?
a. The populations are about equal. c. The United States has just under
10 times as many people.
b. The United States has about d. The population density is
twice as many people. greater in Canada.
23. How do the two countries in the table above compare in terms of age
distribution?
a. They are fairly similar. c. Canada has a higher percentage of
older people.
b. The United States has a higher d. Canada has a younger
percentage of older people. population overall.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Time Line Use the time line below to answer the following
The United States Expands

1803 ?
1845 Texas becomes a state
1850 California becomes a state
1867 Purchase of Alaska
1900 Hawaii becomes a territory
24. What state joined the United States 17 years before the purchase of
Alaska?
25. What was the major land acquisition from France in 1803 called?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. when a country earns more in exports than it A. commodity
spends on imports
2. economies that place an emphasis on service B. postindustrial
and high-tech businesses
C. trade deficit
3. good produced for sale
4. when a country pays more for imports than it D. trade surplus
earns in exports
5. a tax on exports or imports E. tariff

(10 points each)
6. About acres of the United States are involved in agriculture.

a. 250 million c. 10 million
b. 920 million d. 5 million
7. The Prairie Provinces of Canada and the Great Plains of the United States are
often referred to as the of North America.
a. Wheat Belt c. Dairy Region
b. Corn Belt d. Fruit Basket
8. Extensive reliance on cars has resulted in

a. efficient use of fuel. c. a monopoly on petroleum.
b. a decline in public transportation. d. road congestion and air pollution.
9. Why does Canada have a trade surplus?

a. It doesn’t spend large amounts c. Canada exports many of the products
of money on foreign oil and gas. that the United States exports.
b. Canada exports very few natural d. Canada’s strict regulation of its national
resources. budget ensures a surplus.
10. Which of the following issues became a major concern for the United States in
2001?
a. pollution c. economic reform
b. global trade d. terrorism

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
People and Their Environment

A B
1. taking out whole forests when harvesting timber A. smog
2. precipitation that can corrode stone and metal
buildings and damage crops B. acid rain
3. process by which a body of water becomes

C. eutrophication
rich in dissolved nutrients
4. occurs when the amount of fish caught exceeds D. clear-cutting
the amount that can be resupplied naturally
5. visible, toxic haze E. overfishing

(10 points each)
6. The elk population when wolves were driven out of parts of western

Canada.
a. became endangered c. became healthier
b. grew out of control d. began to diminish
7. Most of the acid rain in Canada comes from

a. Canadian industrial emissions. c. Russia.
b. the United States. d. nuclear power plants.
8. What is one of the main drawbacks to using nuclear energy?

a. It emits greenhouse c. Spent radioactive fuel takes thousands
gases. of years to become inactive.
b. It is too expensive. d. It is not usable in remote areas.
9. The end of asbestos dumping in the __________ is a significant result of the

Clean Water Act.
a. Nashua River b. Rio Grande c. Great Lakes d. Mississippi River
10. How might human activity accelerate global warming?

a. volcanic eruptions c. dumping asbestos into rivers
b. allowing eutrophication d. burning fossil fuels

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today:
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. converting old factories for use in new industries A. arable
2. tax on imports or exports
B. tariff
3. suited for farming
C. outsourcing
4. total control of an industry by one person or
company
D. retooling
5. setting up businesses abroad to produce
products for domestic use E. monopoly

6. North American economies are based increasingly on

a. heavy industry. c. timber harvesting.

b. fisheries. d. high-tech businesses.
7. Today, dairy farms are found in every American state and many Canadian
provinces due to
a. improved feed sources c. increasing demand for dairy products
and automation. in cosmetics.
b. the inability to transport d. increased price supports for dairy
fresh milk. products.
8. What name is given to a system of trade in which individuals can operate
and profit from their own business?
a. communism c. trade surplus
b. market economy d. monopoly
9. About 20 percent of the freight in the United States and Canada, in the form of
gas and oil, is carried by
a. railroads. c. pipelines.
b. barges and ships. d. long-haul trucks.
(continued)

Name Date Class
10. What border security program between the United States and Canada
establishes complete and reliable records for all cargo?
a. FAST c. FTA
b. NAFTA d. CMAA
11. Clear-cutting leaves areas vulnerable to flooding and

a. smog. c. thermal pollution.
b. acid rain. d. erosion.
12. Which of the following is a result of acid rain?

a. Concrete and steel buildings c. Lakes become unable to support
collapse. most organisms.
b. Oxygen in the air is depleted. d. Overgrowth of algae depletes oxygen
in bodies of water.
13. Canada earns more from exports than it spends for imports, resulting in a
a. tariff. c. global economy.
b. trade surplus. d. trade deficit.

2007 United States
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions Exports and Imports
on a separate sheet of paper. (in millions of dollars)
14. Drawing Conclusions Explain why Exports Imports

most of the acid rain falls on the eastern Airplanes 30,291 10,734
half of the continent. Aluminum 4,483 11,931

15. Making Connections What steps have Animal feeds 4,029 699
the United States and Canada taken to Artwork/antiques 1,858 5,512
prevent damage to water supplies? Cereal flour 2,015 3,010
Chemicals, fertilizers 2,990 3,701
IV. Applying Skills Chemicals, plastics 28,861 17,385
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right Clothing 4,129 76,383
to answer the following questions on a Coal 3,471 2,418
separate sheet of paper. Coffee 5 2,502
16. From which exported products did the Iron and steel mill products 10,430 24,632
United States earn more than $10 billion Petroleum preparations 14,782 59,698
in 2007? Scientific instruments 34,544 30,242
Soybeans 6,282 63
17. In 2007, did the United States export
more vehicles or import more Televisions, VCRs, etc. 20,974 104,079
vehicles? Toys/games/sporting goods 3,756 25,069
Vehicles 71,747 195,926
18. Look at the figures for scientific
instruments. Using knowledge from Wheat 4,410 174
the chapter, why do you think that Source: World Almanac, 2007
the United States exports so much
more of this product than it imports?

Name Date Class

Shaken by the collapse of the steel industry, which had provided them with
an unshakable sense of identity for more than a century, Pittsburghers hun-
kered down and built a new economy based on services, medicine, educa-
tion, and technology. In the process, they transformed their community from
one driven by quantity of production into one devoted to quality of life.
—Peter Miller, “Pittsburgh: Stronger than Steel,” National Geographic,
December 1991
19. What led to the collapse of the steel industry?
20. What is the “new economy” that was created in Pittsburgh known as?
21. What is the process of converting old factories for use in new industries
known as?
Reading a Chart Use the chart below to answer the following questions on
Communications in Canada United States

Telephone services publicly owned privately owned
TV and radio stations publicly owned privately owned
Postal Service publicly owned publicly owned
Newspapers privately owned privately owned
22. Which type of communications is privately owned in Canada?
23. Which type of communications is publicly owned in the United States?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Map Use the map below to answer the following questions.
United States: Economic Activity
0 mi. 100 Resources

Sugarcane 0 km 100
Iron ore Copper
Honolulu
21°N
Petroleum Zinc
HAWAII
Natural gas Gold
Pacific Fruit
Ocean Coal Silver
159°W 156°W
Land Use
Commercial farming
24. What is the most significant agricultural product grown

Subsistence farming
near the Mississippi Delta area? Livestock raising
a. potatoes c. cotton Nomadic herding
Hunting and gathering
b. corn d. fruit Forests
Manufacturing and trade
25. Name an important agricultural product grown in both Commercial fishing
California and Florida. Little or no activity
a. potatoes c. cotton
b. corn d. fruit

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today:
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. precipitation that carries a high amount of acidic A. clear-cutting
material
2. process by which water becomes rich in dissolved B. overfishing
nutrients
C. smog
3. taking out whole forests when harvesting timber
4. a visible, toxic haze D. eutrophication
5. occurs when the amount of fish caught exceeds the
amount that can be resupplied naturally E. acid rain

6. The abandoned factories and steel mills in old industrial areas came to be
known as
a. “the Sunbelt.” c. “the Manufacturing Belt.”
b. “the Rust Belt.” d. Silicon Valley.
7. Most of the freight in the United States and Canada is carried
a. by airlines. c. along inland waterways.
b. by long-haul trucks. d. by rail.
8. Which countries are included in NAFTA?
a. Canada and the United States c. Canada, the United States, and
Great Britain
b. Canada, the United States, d. the United States and Mexico
and Mexico
9. Chemical emissions from cars and factories combine with water vapor to create
a. groundwater. c. smog.
b. carbon monoxide. d. acid rain.
10. The United States and Canada both started as mostly __________ economies.
a. agricultural c. postindustrial
b. industrial d. service industry
11. A city’s central business district is generally referred to as the

a. suburbs. b. uptown. c. market. d. downtown.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. When economies are interconnected and dependent on one another for goods
and services, the result is a
a. monopoly. c. trade surplus.
b. trade deficit. d. global economy.
13. In order to help reduce emissions, car manufacturers are producing

a. cars that use inorganic fuels. c. fuel-efficient hybrid cars.
b. cars that carry more passengers. d. slower cars.
14. Why do businesses in the United States practice outsourcing?

a. transportation costs are lower c. production and labor costs are lower
b. raw materials costs are lower d. labor force is better-educated
15. In what area are the United States and Canada experiencing the most economic
growth?
a. service industries c. agriculture
b. heavy industry d. light industry

16. Finding the Main Idea Briefly explain

how industry in the United States has 2007 United States
Exports and Imports
changed over the past 50 years. (in millions of dollars)
17. Problem Solving What steps have the Exports Imports

United States and Canada taken to pre- Airplanes 30,291 10,734
vent damage to water supplies?
Aluminum 4,483 11,931
Animal feeds 4,029 699
IV. Applying Skills Artwork/antiques 1,858 5,512
Reading a Chart Use the chart at the right Cereal flour 2,015 3,010
to answer the following questions on a Chemicals, fertilizers 2,990 3,701
Chemicals, plastics 28,861 17,385
18. Which product contributed most to Clothing 4,129 76,383
the trade deficit for the United States Coal 3,471 2,418
in 2007? Coffee 5 2,502
19. In 2007, did the United States export Iron and steel mill products 10,430 24,632
more airplanes or import more airplanes? Petroleum preparations 14,782 59,698
20. Look at the figures for petroleum Scientific instruments 34,544 30,242
preparations. Why do you think Soybeans 6,282 63
Americans import much more of this Televisions, VCRs, etc. 20,974 104,079
product than they export? Toys/games/sporting goods 3,756 25,069
Vehicles 71,747 195,926
Wheat 4,410 174

Name Date Class

. . . Silicon Valley has attracted the best and brightest from all over the
world. It has as intellectual capital two great universities: Stanford and the
University of California at Berkeley. It is home base to a who’s who of
technology and the incubator for hundreds of graduates seeking to emu-
late Hewlett and Packard. It was here that Pong, the first video game,
went from dream to reality, as well as the ink-jet printer, the video
recorder, the mouse, the personal computer, and much else we take for
granted in the information age. The expertise of Silicon Valley has, in no
small measure, wired the world.
—Cathy Newman, “Silicon Valley: Inside the Dream Incubator,”
National Geographic, December 2001
21. What type of industry is described in the passage above?
County fairs endure as an occasion to celebrate our agrarian traditions, to

honor family, inventiveness, and hard work. . . . County fairs also give us
a chance to glimpse the American past. Yet they have lasted not by being
annual historical reenactments but by evolving as American society
evolves and becomes more urban.
—John McCarry, “County Fairs,” National Geographic, October 1997
22. To what general shift in American society does the quotation refer?
This is gold mining today, the ads proclaim—beautiful hills, waving fields
of grass, prancing mule deer, a glimmering lake. . . . I saw waste rock

piles shaped into eye-pleasing mounds, the milling operation that recycles
and contains all processed water, and the huge [residue-collecting] pond
that, over time, will become a 600-acre wetland. I saw the sophisticated
monitoring system for the early detection of contamination in the ground-
water. I even saw the gate placed over the mouth of a tunnel to protect
the maternity roost for a local population of Townsend’s big-eared bats.
—T. H. Watkins, “Hard Rock Legacy,” National Geographic, March 2000
23. The quotation describes the management techniques of a modern gold
mining operation. What is the primary purpose of these techniques?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Communications in Canada United States

Telephone services publicly owned privately owned
TV and radio stations publicly owned privately owned
Postal Service publicly owned publicly owned
Newspapers privately owned privately owned
24. Which type of communications is privately owned in Canada?

25. Which type of communications is publicly owned in the United States?

Name Date Class
Form A Test

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the hottest and the lowest place in the United States A. Boswash
2. area carved by glaciers during the Ice Age B. Grand Banks
3. Canada’s once-rich fishing territory C. Great Plains
4. megalopolis on the East Coast of the United States D. Death Valley
5. area that stretches across central North America E. Great Lakes

6. The Appalachian Mountains are the range in the United States.
a. oldest c. tallest
b. youngest d. shortest
7. The great wealth of Canada and the United States is based on
a. their abundant natural resources. c. trade agreements like NAFTA.
b. industrialization in the 1700s. d. service industries in the Sunbelt.

8. Mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers characterize a
a. marine west coast climate. c. steppe climate.
b. humid subtropical climate. d. Mediterranean climate.
9. Which of the following are part of the native vegetation of the Great Plains?
a. tall grasses c. mostly evergreen forests
b. cacti and hardy shrubs d. swamp mangroves
10. Immigrants came to Canada to seek
a. political and religious freedom. c. land not yet claimed in unsettled
territories.
b. new consumers for their products. d. people to hire to work back in their
home countries.
11. Why was the Louisiana Purchase valuable?
a. Fugitive slaves found refuge there c. It provided the Canadian provinces
at the end of the Underground with possibilities for expansion.
Railroad.
b. It doubled the size of the country d. It brought about a lasting peace
and gave the U.S. access to the between the United States
Far West. and France.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 2, Form A Test
12. The labor of enslaved Africans became even more important in the South when
a. cattle ranching was introduced. c. Birmingham became a major steel center.
b. cotton became a major cash crop. d. the coastal seaports began to grow.
13. During the American Revolution, when Loyalists left the American colonies,
many of them
a. migrated to Canada. c. died on the high seas.
b. moved into western territories. d. fought Native Americans.
14. Quebec’s separatists
a. seek independence today from c. seek independence from France.
Canada.
b. sought independence from d. wish to become a province instead
Great Britain in 1776. of a territory.
15. As technology transforms the workplace, both the United States and Canada
are developing economies.
a. industrial c. agricultural
b. traditional d. postindustrial

16. Predicting Consequences What do you United States Immigration History
think will happen to Earth if scientists are
right about global warming? What might 1565 First Spanish settlement: St. Augustine, Florida
people do to prevent this?

1607 First English settlement: Jamestown, Virginia
17. Categorizing Information Describe 1820–1890 15.4 million immigrants, mainly from western
the physical geography, climate, and and northern Europe
vegetation of any four distinct regions 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act passed (repealed in 1943)
of North America.
1891–1920 18.2 million immigrants, largely from eastern
and southern Europe
IV. Applying Skills
1907–1952 Series of immigration acts passed with quotas
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on favoring immigrants from western and
the right to answer the following questions northern Europe
on a separate sheet of paper. 1950s Post World War II refugee admissions acts passed
18. When did immigrants from Europe first 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act reverses
begin to arrive in the United States? national origins quota system
19. How many immigrants arrived between 1980 Refugee Act sets standards for accepting refugees
1820 and 1890, and from where did 1980–1988 584,750 legal immigrants enter the United States
they come?
1986 1.77 million illegal immigrants apprehended;
20. How have immigration policies changed Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
passed
over the years?
1990 Immigration Control Act expands the
antidiscrimination policies of the IRCA
Sources: U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service;

Federation for American Immigration Reform

Name Date Class
Form B Test

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. determines the direction North American A. Prairie Provinces
rivers flow
B. St. Lawrence River
2. part of North America’s Corn Belt
C. Great Divide
3. home to high-tech industries in the United States
4. trade agreement among North American countries D. NAFTA
5. great shipping lane during period of industrialization E. Silicon Valley

6. The Appalachian Mountains in North America.

a. are the oldest mountains c. include the highest point
b. are active volcanoes d. are extinct volcanoes
7. The Great Lakes

a. separate the Great Plains from c. are fed continually by Canadian
the East Coast Plain. glaciers.
b. were formed as part of the d. were formed when glaciers gouged
Great Basin. bedrock.
8. What kind of climate is found in North Carolina?

a. Mediterranean b. marine c. subtropical d. tropical
9. Areas of North America that are far from the oceans are prone to
a. extreme temperature changes. c. heavy rainfall.
b. have the mildest climates. d. experience hurricanes.
10. The River drains much of Canada’s northern interior.

a. Peace b. Nelson c. Mackenzie d. St. Lawrence
11. A is one kind of governmental decision-making group.

a. free market b. constitution c. parliament d. colony
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 2, Form B Test
12. Which statement about industrialization in the United States is accurate?

a. It developed at an even pace c. It has been monitored continually
throughout the states and territories. for its possible environmental effects.
b. It was enhanced by abundant d. It was hindered by lack of minerals.
resources and immigrant laborers.
13. Population centers in Canada do NOT include the
a. Prairie Provinces. c. Great Lakes–St. Lawrence lowlands.
b. Pacific coast of British Columbia. d. far north, along the Arctic Ocean.
14. blends African rhythms and European harmonies.

a. Blues b. Jazz c. Rock ’n’ roll d. Folk music
15. Which statement about water pollution is accurate?

a. It can cause a lake to be c. It does not affect underground
biologically dead. water supplies.
b. It is easily remedied and d. It is not a result of acid rain.
not a major problem.

16. Comparing and Contrasting Name
United States Immigration History
three ways in which Canada and the
United States are similar and three 1565 First Spanish settlement: St. Augustine, Florida
ways in which they are different.
1607 First English settlement: Jamestown, Virginia

17. Finding and Summarizing the Main
1820–1890 15.4 million immigrants, mainly from western
Idea In general, how have employment and northern Europe
trends in the United States changed
1882 Chinese Exclusion Act passed (repealed in 1943)
since the late 1700s?
1891–1920 18.2 million immigrants, largely from eastern
and southern Europe
IV. Applying Skills
1907–1952 Series of immigration acts passed with quotas
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on favoring immigrants from western and
the right to answer the following questions northern Europe
1950s Post World War II refugee admissions acts passed
18. Judging from events on this time line,
1965 Immigration and Nationality Act reverses
why do you think that immigration national origins quota system
policies were unrestricted until 1882
but restricted after 1882? 1980 Refugee Act sets standards for accepting refugees
1980–1988 584,750 legal immigrants enter the United States
19. How many immigrants arrived between
1891 and 1920, and from where did 1986 1.77 million illegal immigrants apprehended;
they come? Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
passed
20. What do the entries for 1986 and 1990
1990 Immigration Control Act expands the
tell you about the immigration situation? antidiscrimination policies of the IRCA
Why do you think the government
enacted these laws? Sources: U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service;
Federation for American Immigration Reform

Name Date Class
Pretest
Latin America
A B
1. type of power generated by flowing water A. llanos
2. “high plain”
B. tierra fría
3. continuous high layer of leaves covering the
rain forest C. indigenous
4. the highest and coldest vertical climate zone in
Middle America D. hydroelectric power
5. grasslands in Colombia and Venezuela E. altiplano

6. the migration of people from rural areas to
cities F. canopy
7. a city with more than 10 million people G. dialect

8. descended from an area’s first inhabitants
H. patois
9. dialects that blend elements from different
languages
I. megacity
10. a form of a language unique to a particular

group J. urbanization
11. Service industries, such as banking, communications, or retail sales,

a. have decreased in Latin America c. have increased in Latin America in
in recent decades. recent decades.
b. are not available in most of d. are the most important economic
Latin America. activity in Latin America.
12. What are latifundia?

a. a form of Internet communication c. small plots of land often farmed by
families
b. large textile-manufacturing d. large, mechanized farms
factories
13. Latin America includes Middle America, the Caribbean, and

a. Mexico. c. Cuba.
b. El Salvador. d. South America.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 3, Pretest
14. Which Caribbean islands have political links to the United States?
a. Jamaica and Barbados c. Puerto Rico and some Virgin Islands
b. Costa Rica and Belize d. Panama and Guatemala
15. Latin America’s major road system, , stretches from northern Mexico to
southern Chile.
a. the Pan-American Highway c. the Trans-Amazonian Highway
b. the Trans-Andean Highway d. the Inter-American Highway
16. What attracted settlers to the mountains and plateaus of Latin America?
a. cooler climates and rich c. activities such as hunting and fishing
natural resources
b. beautiful scenery and helpful d. peace and quiet
indigenous peoples
17. Major deposits of oil and natural gas are located along the Gulf of Mexico and the
a. Pacific Ocean. c. Caribbean Sea.
b. Rio Grande. d. Atlantic Ocean.
18. About what percentage of Mexico’s population is urban?

19. Hundreds of smaller rivers join the Amazon River as it flows to the Pacific

Ocean to form the
a. Río de la Plata. c. Brazilian Highlands.
a. Amazon Basin. d. Mato Grosso Plateau.
20. Why have many people who lived in rural Mexico migrated to urban areas of
the country?
a. limited agricultural land c. lack of shopping
b. lack of transportation sources d. bad weather

21. Drawing Conclusions In what ways might the great river systems of
South America be used by people living there?
22. Making Generalizations What is one thing most Latin Americans have in
common? Why do you think it is found in so many areas of the region?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. grasslands in inland areas of Colombia and A. pampas
Venezuela
B. altiplano
2. grassy, treeless plains of southern South
America
C. llano
3. parallel mountain ranges
D. escarpment
4. “high plain” region in Peru and Bolivia
5. a steep cliff or slope E. cordilleras

(10 points each)
6. Latin America’s system of rivers provides a source of energy called

a. hydroelectric power. c. water power.
b. steam power. d. electric power.
7. The Andes consist of , several ranges that run parallel to one another.
a. cordilleras c. escarpments
b. llanos d. altiplanos
8. Mexico’s Sierra Madre mountain ranges surround the densely populated

a. Mexican Plateau. c. Yucatan Peninsula.
b. Mato Grosso Plateau. d. Gran Chaco.
9. The forms part of the border between Mexico and the United States.
a. Amazon River c. Rio Grande
b. Andes Mountains d. Sierra Madre
10. is South America’s largest lake and contains some of Venezuela’s

most important oil fields.
a. Lake Nicaragua c. Lake Titicaca
b. Río de la Plata d. Lake Maracaibo

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. climate with high temperatures, abundant A. humid subtropic
rainfall, and an extended dry season
2. climate with cool winters, hot summers, and B. tropical dry
light rainfall
C. steppe
3. location of the Earth’s largest rain forest
4. climate with cool to mild winters and hot, D. Atacama Desert

humid summers
5. result of shifting winds and cold ocean currents E. Amazon Basin

(10 points each)
6. Much of Latin America is characterized by which type of climate?

a. dry c. midlatitude
b. tropical d. highland
7. Which factor has the greatest influence on Latin America’s climates?

a. distance from the Equator c. elevation
b. level of technology d. proximity to the Pacific Ocean
8. Due to the overgrazing of pampas, farmers

a. increased the number of cattle c. moved to other countries.
on the land.
b. stopped raising cattle altogether. d. planted alfalfa, corn, and cotton
to hold the topsoil.
9. Which of the vertical climate zones is the most densely populated?

a. tierra helada c. tierra caliente
b. tierra templada d. puna
10. What are the main crops grown in the tierra caliente?
a. bananas, sugar, rice, and cacao c. coffee and corn
b. potatoes and barley d. alfalfa and squash

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of Latin America

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. type of power generated by flowing water A. llanos
2. “high plain”
B. tierra fría
3. continuous high layer of leaves covering
the rain forest C. hydroelectric power
4. the highest and coldest vertical climate zone in

D. altiplano
Middle America
5. grasslands in Colombia and Venezuela E. canopy

6. The mountains located along the western edge of South America are the
a. Sierra Madre. c. Andes.

b. Rocky Mountains. d. Western Highlands.
7. Parallel mountain ranges are called

a. cordilleras. c. estuaries.
b. altiplanos. d. tierra caliente.
8. Latin America includes Middle America, the Caribbean, and

a. Mexico. c. Cuba.
b. El Salvador. d. South America.
9. Colombian mines have been producing for thousands of years.

a. emeralds c. sterling silver
b. gold d. bauxite
10. Shifting winds and the cold Peru ocean current have combined to create the
a. pampas. c. Atacama Desert.
b. Andes. d. llanos.
11. The pampas consist primarily of

a. grasslands. c. deserts.
b. forests. d. rain forests. (continued)

Name Date Class
12. A(n) is a place where an ocean tide meets a river current.

a. escarpment c. estuary
b. coast d. cordillera
13. The Mato Grosso Plateau spreads across

a. Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. c. Mexico.
b. Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. d. Colombia and Venezuela.
14. The area surrounding Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela contains rich deposits of
a. gold. c. tin.
b. silver. d. oil.
15. The tropical climate of the Amazon Basin results from its location on the
Equator and
a. altitude. c. the ocean tides.
b. rainfall. d. prevailing wind patterns.

16. Identifying Cause and Effect How do major rivers in South America
affect the economic development of the region?
17. Comparing and Contrasting Compare the climate and vegetation in
the tierra fría and the tierra caliente.

IV. Applying Skills
Reading Charts Use the chart below to answer the following questions on
Selected Caribbean Island Countries

Country Area Coastline Highest Elevation
Dominica 290 sq. mi. (751 sq. km) 92 mi. (148 km) 4,747 ft. (1,447 m)
Grenada 131 sq. mi. (339 sq. km) 75 mi. (121 km) 2,756 ft. (840 m)
St. Vincent and 151 sq. mi. (391 sq. km) 52 mi. (84 km) 4,049 ft. (1,234 m)
the Grenadines
St. Lucia 239 sq. mi. (619 sq. km) 98 mi. (158 km) 3,117 ft. (950 m)
Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet 2005; Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook 2007.
18. According to the table, which island country has the highest elevation?
19. Rank the countries from the smallest to largest according to area.
20. How does the length of the coastline of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
compare to that of St. Lucia?

Name Date Class
Recent Volcanic Activity in Latin America

Volcano Country Most Recent
Eruption
Soufrière Hills Montserrat, West Indies ongoing
Tungurahua Ecuador ongoing
Popocatepetl Mexico ongoing
Colima Mexico ongoing
Fuego Guatemala ongoing
Pacaya Guatemala ongoing
Reventador Ecuador 2009
Llaima Chile 2009
Guagua Pichincha Ecuador 2009
San Cristobal Nicaragua 2006
Masaya Nicaragua 2008
Arenal Costa Rica 2008
Source: Global Volcanism Program, www.volcano.si.edu
21. In which country did volcanic activity occur in 2006?

22. When was the most recent volcanic eruption of Chile’s Llaima volcano?
23. Which countries have had the most ongoing volcanic eruptions?

ing questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Here at this one site on the Equator, in about 1,500 acres, scientists have
counted 3,000 species of plants, 530 species of birds, nearly 80 species of
bats, and 11 species of primates. There are jaguars and other wild cats,
tapir, deer, otters, capybaras, and agoutis....
—Virginia Morell, “The Variety of Life,” National Geographic,
February 1999
24. Create a topic sentence for this paragraph by completing the following
sentence: The Amazon rain forest shelters more per square mile
than any other region on Earth.
25. Do you think that Morell would support legislation to protect habitats in
Latin America? Why or why not?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of Latin America

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. “frozen land” A. tierra caliente
2. “temperate land” B. cordilleras
3. mountain ranges that run parallel to each other C. tierra templada
4. a steep cliff or slope D. tierra helada
5. “hot land” E. escarpment

6. The plateau of Patagonia is

a. wet and lush. c. temperate, green, and windy.
b. dry, barren, and windy. d. hot and dry.
7. The Rio Grande forms part of the border between

a. Peru and Colombia. c. Bolivia and Brazil.
b. Mexico and the United States. d. Argentina and Uruguay.
8. The is the Western Hemisphere’s longest river.

a. Rio Grande c. Paraná River
b. Amazon River d. Uruguay River
9. Mild climate, fertile soil, and adequate rainfall have attracted people to the
for thousands of years.
a. Mato Grosso Plateau c. Mexican Plateau
b. Sierra Madre d. Atacama Desert
10. Steppe climate in Latin America has

a. cold summers and rainy winters. c. cool summers, cold winters,
and heavy rainfall.
b. hot summers, cool winters, d. hot summers, warm winters,
and light rainfall. and almost no rainfall.
11. Located in the Andes, Lake Titicaca is

a. the world’s highest navigable lake. c. Latin America’s smallest lake.
b. South America’s largest lake. d. an inlet from the Caribbean Sea.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. The Amazon Basin contains the world’s largest

a. water supply. c. mountain.
b. rain forest. d. lake.
13. The Río de la Plata is a large where three rivers meet the
Atlantic Ocean.
a. dam c. estuary
b. llano d. highlands
14. Many Caribbean islands are actually

a. archipelagos. c. volcanic peaks.
b. atolls. d. lagoons.
15. Major deposits of oil and natural gas are located along the Gulf of Mexico and the
a. Pacific Ocean. c. Caribbean Sea.
b. Rio Grande. d. Atlantic Ocean.

16. Making Generalizations What generalizations can be made about the

types of climate and vegetation found in Latin America?
17. Drawing Conclusions Why would people in South America be likely
to build dams on the major rivers? Name a benefit.

IV. Applying Skills

St. Vincent and 151 sq. mi. (391 sq. km) 52 mi. (84 km) 4,049 ft. (1,234 m)
the Grenadines
Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet 2005; Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook 2007.
18. Which island country has the longest coastline?

19. Which island country has an area almost twice as large as that of
St. Vincent and the Grenadines?
20. Rank the countries by the length of their coastlines from shortest
to longest.

Name Date Class

They are nature’s “water towers,” providing billions of gallons of fresh,
clean, filtered water. They are home to thousands of indigenous peoples,
and storehouses of [unexplored] biodiversity . . .
Yet in as little as ten years’ time, biologists warn, the world’s cloud
forests ...may be all but gone.
They are being cleared for cattle grazing and coca plantations. Logged
to provide fuel...Paved over and developed...for transportation.
—John Roach, “Cloud Forests Fading in the Mist,” National Geographic
News, August 13, 2001
21. Why does the author call cloud forests “nature’s ‘water towers’”?
22. Name three factors that are threatening cloud forests.
23. Why does the author suggest that conserving cloud forests is an
important issue?

Mexico: Vertical Climate Zones

Tierra helada 16,000 feet (4,800 m) Sierra Madre Occidental
Puna 12,000 feet (3,600 m) Grasses Mexico City Sierra Madre Oriental
Tierra fría 6,000 feet (1,800m) Potatoes, wheat, apples
Pacific Tierra templada 2,500 feet (760 m) Coffee, corn, citrus fruit Caribbean
Ocean Tierra caliente 0 feet (0m) Bananas, cacao, sugarcane, rice Sea
Sea Level
24. The city of Oaxaca, Mexico, located at 5,070 feet, is in which

climate zone?
25. In which climate zone is cacao grown?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Mexico
A B
1. the blending of beliefs and practices A. megacity
2. a dictator B. caudillo
3. a royally appointed official
C. syncretism
4. a city with more than 10 million people
D. primate city
5. an urban area that dominates its country’s
economy, culture, and politics E. viceroy

(10 points each)
6. In Mexico, parents and children often share their home with

a. extended family. c. migrant workers.
b. neighbors and friends. d. the homeless.
7. While Mexico gained its independence in 1821, power remained largely with
a. the Catholic church. c. wealthy landowners, army officials,

and clergy.
b. el Partido Revolucionario d. the conquistadors.
Institucional (PRI).
8. The Maya are remembered today for

a. sailing the Atlantic Ocean. c. their farming techniques.
b. their skill in mathematics and d. dominating the lands from present day
astronomy. Ecuador to Chile.
9. In 1521, Hernán Cortés

a. conquered the Inca in c. defeated the Aztec in Bolivia.
South America.
b. sailed around the tip of d. claimed Mexico for Spain and
South America. defeated the Aztec.
10. Diego Rivera is one of the Mexican artists who

a. satirized the lower classes c. created huge murals of historical
in Mexico. events.
b. painted only landscapes. d. are not known outside of their
native country.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Central America and the Caribbean

A B
1. a mixed religion in Haiti A. dialects
2. forms of a language unique to a particular

B. matriarchal
group of people
3. a person of mixed Native American and C. mestizo
European descent
D. patois
4. ruled by a woman such as a mother,
grandmother, or aunt E. voodoo
5. dialects that blend indigenous, European,
African, and Asian languages

(10 points each)
6. Throughout Central America and the Caribbean, about 66 percent of the

population live in
a. rural areas. c. the mountainous regions.
b. towns and cities. d. shantytowns.
7. Some Caribbean islands remain under foreign control, such as

a. Cuba and Haiti. c. Puerto Rico and some of the
Virgin Islands.
b. Trinidad and Tobago. d. all of the West Indies.
8. Handwoven textiles from this country reflect ancient Maya symbols and
weaving techniques.
a. Guatemala c. Cuba
b. Haiti d. the Dominican Republic
9. The first permanent European settlement was founded

a. on the island of Hispaniola. c. in Panama.
b. on the island of Cuba. d. in El Salvador.
10. In the Caribbean, the structure of the family is often

a. patriarchal. c. matriarchal.
b. hierarchal. d. extended.

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
South America
A B
1. African-based religion A. samba
2. planned capital city in Brazil’s interior B. Cuzco
C. Candomblé
3. a series of knotted cords used by the Inca to keep
financial records D. Brasilia
4. musical style found in Brazil E. quipu
5. capital of Inca empire

(10 points each)
6. The Moche, Mapuche, and Aymara were indigenous groups whose societies
were primarily based on
a. trade. c. mathematics and astronomy.
b. agriculture. d. weaving and textiles.
7. The loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries is known as
a. brain drain. c. urbanization.
b. external migration. d. syncretism.
8. Most indigenous groups in South America live in the Andes region of

a. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. c. Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
b. Venezuela, Colombia, d. Peru, Chile, and Argentina.
and Ecuador.
9. The post-colonial period in South America saw

a. increased rights for indigenous c. political and economic instability.
people.
b. strong ties maintained with d. a rise in democracies.
colonial countries.
10. Education in South America

a. varies greatly from country c. ends at the 8th grade.
to country.
b. is free to everyone. d. gets worse each year because of brain drain.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of Latin America

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the migration of people from rural areas to cities A. indigenous
2. a city with more than 10 million people B. dialect
3. descended from an area’s first inhabitants C. patois
4. dialects that blend elements of different languages D. megacity
5. a form of a language unique to a particular group E. urbanization

6. Jai alai is a popular in Latin America.

a. musical style c. sport
b. art form d. dance
7. Mosaics are pictures and designs made by

a. painting wax onto fabric and c. wrapping hard-boiled eggs in paper
then dyeing the cloth. and other materials.
b. setting small pieces of colored d. carving images out of large stones.
stones or tiles into mortar.
8. The Europeans who claimed parts of the Americas for Spain were called
a. chinampas. c. viceroys.
b. caudillos. d. conquistadors.
9. A is artwork that is painted directly onto a wall.

a. mural b. mosaic c. glyph d. caudillo
10. When did most Latin American countries gain their independence?
a. the 1600s c. the 1800s
b. the mid-1700s d. the early 1900s
11. is celebrated in the week before the Roman Catholic observance of Lent.
a. Bolívar Day c. Cinco de Mayo
b. Carnival d. Thanksgiving
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. The blending of beliefs and practices from different religions is called
a. patois. c. syncretism.
b. matriarchal. d. Protestantism.
13. The Columbian Exchange involved plants, animals, and the transmission of
a. ideas. c. money.
b. infectious disease. d. manufactured goods.
14. What is a quipu?

a. a tool that the Aztec used c. a type of grazing animal that the Maya
for farming used for wool and food
b. a type of house in which several d. a set of knotted cords that the Inca
generations of Inca could live used for keeping accounts
15. The Native American empires of Latin America were the

a. Maya, Inca, and Spanish. c. Mexican, Haitian, and Brazilian.
b. Maya, Aztec, and Inca. d. Aztec, Spanish, and Toltec.

16. Making Connections What first brought Africans to Latin America?
17. Predicting Consequences What are

Population Growth in

some things that could happen if
large Latin American cities continue Central America
to become more and more crowded? Population Projected Population
Mid-2009 2050
(millions) (millions)
IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Table Use the table on the Central America 152.0 200.0
right to answer the following questions Belize 0.3 0.5
Costa Rica 4.5 6.1
18. According to the table, which
Central American country is the El Salvador 7.3 11.2
most populous?
Guatemala 14.0 27.5
19. According to the table, which
country is expected to have the Honduras 7.5 12.4
least number of people in 2050? Mexico 109.6 129.0
20. According to the table, which Nicaragua 5.7 8.2
country is expected to have the
greatest number of people in 2050? Panama 3.5 5.1
Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet 2009.

Name Date Class

ing question on a separate sheet of paper.
Migration is... everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict....Unlike the flight
of refugees, which is usually chaotic, economic movement is a chain that
links the world. Migration...continues to push us toward change.
—Michael Parfit, “Human Migration,” National Geographic,
October 1998
21. According to this author, what is the primary motivation for migration?
Change in Urban and Rural Population

in Six Latin American Countries
Population Average Annual
Country
Distribution (%) Rate of Change (%)
2005 1990–2005
Urban Rural Urban Rural
Argentina 91.4 8.6 0.33 –2.76
Bolivia 64.2 35.8 0.96 –1.44
Brazil 84.2 15.8 0.79 –3.12
Chile 87.6 12.4 0.34 –2.01

Ecuador 63.6 36.4 0.96 –1.40
Peru 71.1 28.9 0.21 –0.49
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database.
22. What population trend is reflected by all six countries in the table?
23. Based on the table, which country experienced the highest average annual
rate of rural population change?
24. Based on the table, which country experienced the lowest average annual
rate of rural population change?
25. Based on the table, which two countries experienced the same annual rate
of urban population change?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of Latin America

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a dictator A. glyph
2. the blending of beliefs and practices B. viceroy
3. great-grandparents, grandparents, aunts, uncles,
C. caudillo
cousins
4. a picture writing carved in stone D. extended family
5. a governing official appointed by the king E. syncretism

6. Who was Simón Bolívar?

a. a painter who lived in Bolivia c. a Mexican revolutionary leader
b. a Spanish colonial leader d. a Venezuelan revolutionary leader
in Venezuela
7. Aztec farmers grew maize and beans on

a. chinampas. b. quipu. c. terraced fields. d. coastal deserts.
8. Which statement about South America’s population is accurate?

a. The greatest concentration is c. Most South Americans have
in the interior highlands. moved from the coasts to the
inland mountains.
b. The greatest concentration is d. Most of South America’s population
in the coastal areas. lives in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.
9. When did the Maya dominate southern Mexico and northern Central America?
a. from A.D. 100 to A.D. 300 c. from A.D. 500 to A.D. 1300
b. from A.D. 250 to A.D. 900 d. from 500 B.C. to A.D. 250
10. was the first Latin American country to gain its independence.
a. Mexico b. Brazil c. Cuba d. Haiti
11. Diego Rivera was a well-known Mexican

a. revolutionary leader. c. writer.
b. painter. d. musician.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Picture writings carved in stone are called

a. caudillos. b. glyphs. c. mosaics. d. murals.
13. Africans first came to the Caribbean as

a. willing workers in search of c. tourists and missionaries.
better jobs.
b. conquerors looking for new d. enslaved workers brought
sources of wealth. by Europeans.
14. Where was the Aztec city of Tenochititlán located?

a. halfway between the Mayan c. in northern Brazil, on the banks of
and Incan capitals the Amazon River
b. on what today is Mexico City d. on the eastern coast of Mexico
15. Most present-day descendants of the Maya live in

a. Mexico and Central America. c. Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru.
b. the Caribbean. d. the United States of America.

16. Comparing and Contrasting In what sense did politics remain the same
after many Latin American countries became independent?
17. Making Generalizations What

general statement could you make
Population Growth in
about religious practices in many
Central America
parts of Latin America? Give one
example. Population Projected Population
Mid-2009 2050
(millions) (millions)
IV. Applying Skills
Central America 152.0 200.0
Reading a Table Use the table on the
right to answer the following questions Belize 0.3 0.5
Costa Rica 4.5 6.1
18. Based on the information provided
in the table, how does El Salvador’s El Salvador 7.3 11.2
2009 population compare to that of
Guatemala 14.0 27.5
Panama?
Honduras 7.5 12.4
19. According to the table, how many
countries have populations greater Mexico 109.6 129.0
than 10 million?
Nicaragua 5.7 8.2
20. According to the table, what is the
total projected population for Central Panama 3.5 5.1
America in 2050? Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet 2009.

Name Date Class

We are not Europeans; we are not Indians; we are but a mixed species of
aborigines and Spaniards. Americans by birth and Europeans by law, we
find ourselves engaged in a dual conflict: we are disputing with the
natives for titles of ownership, and we are struggling to maintain ourselves
in the country that gave us birth against the opposition of the invaders.
—Simón Bolivár, Message to the Congress of Angostura, 1819
21. What did Bolivár mean by “struggling to maintain ourselves... against the
opposition of the invaders”?
Reading a Graph Use the graph below to answer the following questions
Ethnic Groups in Selected Latin American Countries

Argentina
97% 3%
Brazil 6% 39% 54% 1%
2%
Venezuela 10% 67% 21%
Guyana 36% 7% 7% 50%

Country
Dominican
11% 16% 73%
Republic
Mexico 30% 60% 9% 1%
Guatemala 44% 56%
45% 37% 15% 3%

Peru
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent
* Two or more ethnic groups
Source: World Almanac, 2006 African S Asian/SE Asian
Native American European
Mixed* Other
22. Which two countries have the largest percentage of Native Americans?
23. In which country is about half of the population of South Asian or
Southeast Asian heritage?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Life Expectancy in Selected Latin American Countries, 2006
13
1 16
3 5
14 15
Life Expectancy 2 4 6
(years) 8 11
Less than 55
12
55-64 7
65-69
70-74 9
75 or more
0 mi. 1,000
10
0 km 1,000
Source: World Population Data Sheet, 2006.
24. What is the life expectancy in Haiti (number 15 on the map)?

25. The Dominican Republic (number 16) is Haiti’s neighbor. Compare life
expectancy in the two countries. Suggest why it might differ in the two
countries.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. to sell goods and services to another country A. campesino
2. business that provides a service instead of making goods B. cash crop
3. farmworker C. gross domestic
4. value of goods and services created within a country in product
a year
D. service industry
5. farm product grown to be sold or traded rather than
used by the farm family E. export
MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of the choice
that best completes the statement or answers the question. (10 points each)
6. Large agricultural estates owned by wealthy families or corporations are called

a. campesinos. b. minifundia. c. cash crops. d. latifundia.
7. Most Latin American countries

a. are highly industrialized. c. have no industry.

b. are becoming more industrialized. d. export only high-tech goods.
8. Brazil, Mexico, Guatemala, and Colombia are some of the world’s leading
producers of
a. cattle. b. sugarcane. c. coffee. d. bananas.
9. Road building in Latin America often has been slow because

a. environmental concerns create c. most people use airplanes to travel.
delays in construction.
b. a lack of funds and geographic d. people have depended upon good railway
barriers pose challenges. systems and see little reason for change.
10. What has halted needed domestic programs such as education and health care
in some Latin American countries?
a. conflicts between governments c. the repayment of large foreign debts
and militia groups
b. natural disasters have required d. governments believe that domestic
spending for clean up programs are not necessary

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. makeshift communities on the edges of cities A. sustainable development
2. traditional farming method in which all vegeta-
tion is cut and burned to add nutrients to the soil B. reforestation
3. planting young trees or seeds on lands where
C. shantytowns
trees have been cut or destroyed
4. the loss or destruction of trees D. deforestation
5. technological and economic growth that does
not deplete the human and natural resources E. slash-and-burn farming
MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of the choice
that best completes the statement or answers the question. (10 points each)
6. More than 20 percent of the Amazon rain forest

a. has already been destroyed. c. remains after deforestation programs.
b. has been replanted. d. has been turned into successful
agricultural communities.

7. Which of the following is the most direct result of having large numbers
of migrants move to Latin American cities?
a. a boom in the construction c. a demand for more teachers and
industry doctors
b. increasing shantytowns d. requests for foreign aid
8. In an attempt to address the needs of urban areas, groups of homeless people

in Santiago
a. have high-paying jobs. c. have turned abandoned city buildings
into affordable housing.
b. live in hotels at government d. have helped to build new factories.
expense.
9. After rain forests are cleared for planting,

a. the soil loses its fertility within c. the forests grow back within a decade.
two years.
b. farmers raise crops for many years. d. cattle graze on grass for decades.
10. Which statement about Latin America’s physical geography is true?

a. It is the same throughout c. It makes the region especially
the region. vulnerable to natural disasters.
b. It is rarely affected by d. It does not include high mountains.
natural disasters.
Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: Latin America

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. working toward greater manufacturing and A. maquiladoras
technology
B. campesino
2. destruction of forest lands
C. deforestation
3. a rural farmer or worker
4. a factory owned by a foreign corporation D. sustainable development
5. growth that does not deplete resources E. developing country

6. Foreign debt for some Latin American countries increased

a. because rescheduled loans raised c. because their economies are doing
the total interest on the debt. so well.

b. because such a large segment d. but they have a good credit rating with
of their population is poor. international banks.
7. Minifundia are farms

a. that provide cash crops in c. that are always planted in one crop.
great quantities.
b. whose small plots of land feed d. where crops are grown for a small
rural families. but highly profitable market.
8. In 2008, and ranked among the top 10 countries in the region

with the most Internet users.
a. Mexico, Dominican Republic c. Brazil, Peru
b. Brazil, Mexico d. Peru, Dominican Republic
9. The term reforestation refers to planting new trees

a. where forest lands have been c. in public lands that have been
stripped and cleared. reclaimed for forestry.
b. in old-growth forests that have d. during the winter months when
never been cut. rainfall is light.
(continued)

Name Date Class
10. Due to leaching, slash-and-burned farmland loses its fertility

a. in a few decades. c. within one or two years.
b. in less than one season. d. after a few seasons.
11. Physical geography, political instability, and ties to more developed regions have
a. encouraged industrial growth in c. resulted in decreased migration in
Latin America. Latin America.
b. resulted in increased foreign debt d. limited industrial growth in
in Latin America. Latin America.
12. Maquiladoras benefit foreign corporations by allowing them to
a. hire high-cost labor. c. produce taxable exports.
b. hire low-cost labor. d. produce duty-free imports.
13. Many rural migrants in Latin America are forced to live in when they
reach the city.
a. apartments b. shelters c. shantytowns d. minifundia
14. Latin American governments use satellite imaging to help

a. prevent earthquakes. c. prevent volcanic eruptions.
b. forecast hurricanes. d. predict tornadoes.
15. Farmers in the Amazon Basin clear the land using a technique called in
which all plants are cut down and set on fire.
a. sustainable development c. latifundia
b. reforestation d. slash-and-burn farming

16. Predicting Consequences What are some
of the consequences of the continued Effects of Farms and Ranches
on Rain Forest Destruction
destruction of rain forests in the Amazon
Basin? SLASH-AND-BURN CLEARING METHOD
17. Identifying Cause and Effect What is (1) Cut and strip all plants and dry them out.
an effect of a large agricultural estate (2) Burn vegetation.
becoming more mechanized?
(3) Leave ash on ground to fertilize soil.
IV. Applying Skills
FARMS RANCHES
grow crops grow grass for cattle
to answer the following questions on a separate
sheet of paper. heavy rains wash grass dries up
soil away within within 4 years
18. How do farmers use the material left over 1 to 2 years
from burning?
farmers move ranchers move
19. How long does it take for the soil on the on to new areas on to new areas
farms to wash away? cut down cut down
20. Why does the soil wash away so quickly more rain forest more rain forest
after the forest has been cut?

Name Date Class

question. Write the letter of the best answer in the blank on the left.
economic growth controls on

without damaging deforestation
the envirnoment
technology respect for

used to protect indigenous
resources population
21. Which topic can complete this word web?

a. border disputes c. latifundia and minifundia
b. slash-and-burn farming d. sustainable development

following questions. Write the letter of the best answers to each question
in the blanks on the left.
The Government of Canada, the Government of the United Mexican States

and the Government of the United States of America, resolved to:
STRENGTHEN the special bonds of friendship and cooperation among
their nations;
CONTRIBUTE to the harmonious development and expansion of world
trade and provide a catalyst to broader international cooperation;
CREATE an expanded and secure market for the goods and services
produced in their territories; ...
ENSURE a predictable commercial framework for business planning and
investment;
—excerpts from the Preamble to the North American Free Trade
Agreement, 1992
22. What does NAFTA regulate?
a. the use of chemical pesticides c. communications systems and methods
b. air quality and water quality d. the flow of goods, services, and people
(continued)

Name Date Class
23. Which of these themes is emphasized by this preamble?

a. civil rights of native workers c. economic cooperation among nations
b. cultural risks of increas- d. how geographic features
ing globalization affect transportation
Reading a Table Use the table to answer the following questions on a

Telecommunications in Latin America

Telephone
Cell Phones Internet Users
Mainlines
Country (per 1,000 people) (per 1,000 people)
(per 1,000 people)
1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005
Argentina 93 227 — 570 0 177
Brazil 63 230 — 462 0 195
Chile 66 211 1 649 0 172
Colombia 69 168 0 479 0 104
Costa Rica 92 321 0 254 0 254
Mexico 64 189 1 460 0 181
Panama 90 136 0 418 0 64
Venezuela 75 136 — 470 0 125
Source: United Nations, Human Development Report 2007/2008.

24. Based on the table, what generalization can you make about
telecommunications in Latin America between 1990 and 2005?
25. Why do you think cell phone usage increased more than telephone
mainlines did between 1990 and 2005?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: Latin America

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. makeshift community A. deforestation
2. provides service, not goods B. gross domestic product
3. the clearing of forests C. shantytown
4. an area with no trade restrictions D. free trade zone
5. the value of goods and services in a country E. service industry

6. The Mexican cities of Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez have many maquiladoras, or
a. locally-owned factories. c. transportation centers.
b. foreign-owned factories. d. shipping docks.
7. NAFTA reduced trade restrictions among which countries?

a. Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina c. Mexico, island countries of the
Caribbean, and Bolivia
b. Mexico, the United States, d. Canada, the United States, and Mexico
and Panama
8. is a major challenge to agricultural development in Latin America

today.
a. Increasing private funding c. Getting at least a few farms
for irrigation projects mechanized
b. Unevenly distributed farmland d. Dependence on foreign labor
9. Tropical climates and fertile soil make and the world’s leading
producers of sugarcane.
a. Brazil and Cuba c. Uruguay and Argentina
b. Cuba and Chile d. Brazil and Peru
10. Service industries, such as banking, communications, or retail sales,

a. have decreased in Latin America c. have increased in Latin America in
during recent decades. recent decades.
b. are not available in most of d. are the most important economic
Latin America. activity in Latin America.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. What are latifundia?

a. a form of Internet communication c. small plots of land often farmed
by families
b. large textile-manufacturing d. large, mechanized farms
factories
12. Latin America’s major road system, , stretches from northern Mexico to
southern Chile.
a. the Pan-American Highway c. the Trans-Amazonian Highway
b. the Trans-Andean Highway d. the Inter-American Highway
13. Technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and
natural resources of a given area is known as
a. industrial development. c. mixed farming.
b. urban sprawl. d. sustainable development.
14. What is a major risk Latin American countries take by depending on one or two
export products?
a. destruction of the cash crop c. increased demand for exports
by natural disasters
b. breakdown of farm equipment d. lack of agricultural laborers
15. What are some of Latin America’s agricultural exports?
a. apples, beans, tobacco c. bananas, sugarcane, coffee
b. pineapple, oranges, lemons d. apples, beans, tobacco

16. Drawing Conclusions Most Latin American
countries are developing countries. Briefly Effects of Farms and Ranches
explain what this means. on Rain Forest Destruction
17. Making Connections Given what you have SLASH-AND-BURN CLEARING METHOD
learned about the current state of Latin (1) Cut and strip all plants and dry them out.
American rain forests, what are some steps
(2) Burn vegetation.
that may lead to healing in these areas?
(3) Leave ash on ground to fertilize soil.
IV. Applying Skills FARMS RANCHES

Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right grow crops grow grass for cattle
to answer the following questions on a heavy rains wash grass dries up
separate sheet of paper. soil away within within 4 years
1 to 2 years
18. What do ranchers grow?
farmers move ranchers move
19. What is the name of the method used on to new areas on to new areas
for clearing the forest? cut down cut down
20. What do farmers do after the soil has more rain forest more rain forest
washed away?

Name Date Class
tions on a separate sheet of paper.
Farmers cut down all plants

and strip bark from trees.
After the plants are dry,

they are set on fire.
Ashes from the fire put

nutrients in the soil.
21. This chart shows the steps in farming.

22. What problem does the farming method shown in this chart create in
Latin America?
Document-Based Questions Use the passage below to answer the following

question. Write the letter of the best answer in the blank on the left.
…La Vega, is one of the hundreds of poor areas that occupy the steep
hillsides ringing the Caracas valley....Below are the shimmering office
buildings of the business district. Once, these hillsides were lush, but that
was decades before millions of dirt-poor campesinos from inland areas
began their long migration to the capital, looking for modernity and the
prosperous life. The greater part of Caracas’s estimated 3.2 million people
live on these now stripped inclines, and only a few twisting, potholed
roads, linked to an intricate web of steep footpaths, connect the precipitous
alleyways where bare-brick older dwellings and newer cardboard and tin
shacks are pitched against each other at an impossible angle to the hills.
—Alma Guillermoprieto, “Venezuela According to Chavez,”
National Geographic, April 2006.
23. What is the name of the type of settlement described in the passage above?
a. megacity c. primate city
b. central business district d. shantytown
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following questions
Telecommunications in Latin America

Telephone
Cell Phones Internet Users
Mainlines
Country (per 1,000 people) (per 1,000 people)
(per 1,000 people)
1990 2005 1990 2005 1990 2005
Argentina 93 227 — 570 0 177
Brazil 63 230 — 462 0 195
Chile 66 211 1 649 0 172
Colombia 69 168 0 479 0 104
Costa Rica 92 321 0 254 0 254
Mexico 64 189 1 460 0 181
Panama 90 136 0 418 0 64
Venezuela 75 136 — 470 0 125
Source: United Nations, Human Development Report 2007/2008.
24. According to the table, how did the number of Internet users in Costa
Rica compare to that of Panama in 2005?
25. According to the table, which three countries had the highest number of
cell phone users in 2005?

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Latin America
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. working toward greater manufacturing and A. maquiladora
technology
B. campesino
2. destruction of forest lands
C. deforestation
3. a rural farmer or worker
4. a factory owned by a foreign corporation D. sustainable development
5. growth that does not deplete resources E. developing country

6. The mountains located along the western edge of South America are the
a. Sierra Madre. c. Andes.
b. Rocky Mountains. d. Western Highlands.
7. Shifting winds and the cold Peru ocean current have combined to create the
a. pampas. c. Atacama Desert.
b. Andes. d. llanos.
8. The Columbian Exchange involved plants, animals, and the transmission of

a. ideas. c. money.
b. infectious disease. d. manufactured goods.
9. Who was Simón Bolívar?

a. a painter who lived in Bolivia c. a Mexican revolutionary leader
b. a Spanish colonial leader d. a Venezuelan revolutionary leader
in Venezuela
10. The Río de la Plata is a large where three rivers meet the
Atlantic Ocean.
a. dam c. estuary
b. llano d. highlands
11. The Rio Grande forms part of the border between

a. Peru and Colombia. c. Bolivia and Brazil.
b. Mexico and the United States. d. Argentina and Uruguay. (continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 3, Form A Test
12. A blending of religious beliefs and practices from different religions is called
a. patois. c. syncretism.
b. matriarchal. d. Protestantism.
13. The Mexican cities of Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez have many maquiladoras, or
a. locally-owned factories. c. transportation centers.
b. foreign-owned factories. d. shipping docks.
14. Which of these activities is considered Mexico’s national sport?

a. soccer c. basketball
b. volleyball d. bullfighting
15. In some Latin American countries, growing cities have absorbed surrounding
cities and suburbs to create
a. central business districts. c. primate cities.
b. metropolitan areas. d. megacities.

16. Drawing Conclusions Why is it risky for a country’s economy to depend
on only one main cash crop?
17. Identifying Cause and Effect How have migration patterns into major
cities affected urban life?

IV. Applying Skills
Population Growth in Selected Central American Countries

Population Projected Population
Mid-2009 (millions) 2050 (millions)
Belize 0.3 0.5
Costa Rica 4.5 6.1
Guatemala 14.0 27.5
Honduras 7.5 12.4
Mexico 109.6 129.0
Panama 3.5 5.1
Source: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet 2009.
18. According to the table above, which Central American country is the least populous?
19. According to the table, which country is expected to have the most number
of people in 2050?
20. Based on the information provided in the table, which two countries are
expected to have twice the number of people in 2050?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Latin America
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the migration of people from rural areas to cities A. indigenous
2. a city with more than 10 million people B. dialect
3. descended from an area’s first inhabitants C. patois
4. dialects that blend elements of different languages D. megacity
5. a form of a language unique to a particular group E. urbanization

6. The Amazon Basin contains the world’s largest

a. water supply. c. mountain.
b. rain forest. d. lake.
7. The Native American empires of Latin America were the

a. Maya, Inca, and Spanish. c. Mexican, Haitian, and Brazilian.

b. Maya, Aztec, and Inca. d. Aztec, Spanish, and Toltec.
8. Parallel mountain ranges are called

a. cordilleras. c. estuaries.
b. antiplanos. d. tierra caliente.
9. Major challenges of Latin American megacities include

a. irrigation, sickness, noise pollution, c. an abundance of jobs, traffic, and
and traffic. water pollution.
b. housing, employment, maintaining d. flooding, crime, excess housing, and
infrastructure, and crime. disease.
10. The five vertical climate zones in the highlands of Latin America are determined by
a. rainfall. c. distance from the Equator.
b. elevation. d. longitude.
11. Many Caribbean islands are actually

a. archipelagos. c. volcanic peaks.
b. atolls. d. lagoons.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 3, Form B Test
12. In communist Cuba, people must purchase homes directly from

a. the government. c. clergy members.
b. the military. d. family members.
13. Technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and
natural resources of a given area is known as
a. industrial development. c. mixed farming.
b. urban sprawl. d. sustainable development.
14. Voodoo is a religion practiced in which Caribbean countries?

a. Costa Rica and Belize c. Puerto Rico and the West Indies
b. Haiti and the Dominican Republic d. Cuba and Costa Rica
15. What role do compadres play in Mexican culture?

a. cooks c. godparents
b. builders d. field workers

16. Drawing Conclusions What factors led Latin Americans to want
independence from European colonial rule?
17. Making Comparisons Compare living conditions in a rapidly urbanizing
Latin American city with life in the tierra fría.
IV. Applying Skills


St. Vincent and
151 sq. mi. (391 sq. km) 52 mi. (84 km) 4,049 ft. (1,234 m)
the Grenadines
Sources: Population Reference Bureau, World Population Data Sheet 2005; Central Intelligence
Agency, World Factbook 2007.
18. According to the table above, which island country has the lowest
elevation?
19. Rank the countries from the largest to smallest according to area.
20. How does the length of the coastline of Dominica compare to that of
St. Lucia?

Name Date Class
Pretest
Europe
A B
1. Northern Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland A. Adriatic Sea
2. highest mountain range in Europe B. Strait of Gibraltar

3. most important waterway of eastern Europe C. Rhine River
4. waterway that runs through Germany to the D. Danube River
North Sea
E. Brussels
5. area that includes Albania and Croatia
F. United Kingdom
6. administrative center for the EU
7. body of water that lies between Italy and Croatia G. Iberian Peninsula
8. Mediterranean island H. Crete
9. narrow water passage south of Spain I. Alps
10. area that is home to Spain and Portugal J. Balkan Peninsula

11. When and why was Germany reunited?

a. in 1991 when the Soviet Union c. after World War I to prevent Nazi
fell forces from invading Germany
b. in 1961 to keep East Germans d. in the 1930s to unite communist
from fleeing communism Europe with democratic Europe
12. The is a relatively new but common European currency.

a. peso c. euro
b. lira d. pound
13. To what does the term Holocaust refer?

a. concentration camps located c. the Nazi killing of 6 million European
at Auschwitz Jews during World War II
b. the Nazi invasion of eastern Europe d. the Nazi invasion of Poland
14. Which type of languages dominate southern Europe?

a. Germanic c. Slavic
b. Romance d. Latin
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 4, Pretest
15. Which statement or statements about the English Channel are accurate?
a. It divides London c. It is the site of an underwater
tunnel.
b. It has helped protect England d. It divides England from Ireland.
from invasions in the past.
16. During the Cold War, eastern European countries primarily

a. were democracies or monarchies. c. traded freely with western Europe.
b. were controlled by the communist d. enjoyed a higher standard of living
Soviet Union. than other Europeans did.
17. A major goal of many Europeans today is

a. maintaining independent c. working toward a unified Europe.
economies.
b. unofficially continuing the d. enforcing high tariffs for intercontinental
Cold War. trade.
18. Which area of Europe experienced ethnic conflict among Serbs, Croats, and
Bosnian Muslims in the 1990s?
a. the Balkan Peninsula c. the United Kingdom
b. Scandinavia d. the Iberian Peninsula
19. The Renaissance was a period of

a. restructuring European Christian c. changing ideas about technology

churches. and industry.
b. flourishing European music, d. industrial and economic growth
literature, and arts. in western Europe.
20. Generally, eastern Europe than western Europe.

a. has fewer environmental c. has a lower percentage of farmers
problems
b. has more environmental d. has a higher population density
problems

21. Analyzing Information How did the ancient cultures of Greece and
Rome influence European culture?
22. Predicting Consequences Do you think that small European countries
could benefit from sharing in the economic and political decisions made
by larger European countries? Why or why not?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. landmass shared by Europe and Asia A. Scandinavian Peninsula
2. landform located in far northern Europe B. Apennines
3. landform bordered by the Adriatic, Ionian,
Aegean, and Black Seas C. Balkan Peninsula
4. mountain chain on the Italian peninsula D. Iberian Peninsula
5. landform politically divided into Spain
and Portugal E. Eurasia

(10 points each)
6. Fjords are long, narrow inlets carved by

a. human activity. c. waves and water currents.
b. ancient glaciers. d. volcanic activity.
7. Iceland is a land of glaciers and

a. active volcanoes. c. sandy beaches.
b. long-dormant volcanoes. d. dense forests.
8. Which statement is true of Sicily, Ireland, and Britain?

a. They all are part of Scandinavia. c. They all are peninsulas.
b. They all are part of mainland d. They all are islands.
Europe.
9. The Alps stretch from southern France to which region?

a. Britain c. the Balkan Peninsula
b. the Iberian Peninsula d. southern Italy
10. In earthen dikes hold back the sea.

a. Ireland c. Rhineland
b. the Netherlands d. Italy

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. warm water current that moves along the A. Gulf Stream
European coast
B. North Atlantic Current
2. wind that helps bring warm water from the
Gulf of Mexico towards Europe
C. siroccos
3. dry, winter winds that blow down from the
mountains
D. mistral
4. hot, dry winds from North Africa
5. strong north wind from the Alps E. foehns

(10 points each)
6. What city is located at the center of the Meseta?

a. Paris c. Berlin
b. London d. Madrid
7. The elevation above which trees cannot grow is called the

a. permafrost. c. fjord.
b. mistral. d. timberline.
8. Iceland and northern Scandinavia have climates.

a. subarctic and tundra c. subarctic and marine west coast
b. permafrost d. steppe
9. Eastern Europe and part of northern Europe have humid

a. continental climates. c. and warm winters.
b. tropical climates. d. subtropical climates.
10. Where are coniferous trees found in Western Europe?

a. around the Bay of Biscay c. northern Spain and Portugal
b. Alpine mountain regions d. the Netherlands, Germany, and the
British Isles

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of Europe

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. river that is the main waterway of England A. Main-Danube
2. canal that links the North and Black Seas B. Po
3. river that runs through France C. Seine
4. German river D. Elbe
5. Italian river E. Thames

6. The central highlands of France are known as

a. Ben Nevis. c. the Meseta.
b. the Carpathians. d. the Massif Central.
7. Europe’s northwestern mountains have been rounded by

a. weathering and erosion. c. glaciation and erosion.
b. earthquakes. d. volcanic eruptions.
8. The Danube River flows from Germany to the

a. Atlantic Ocean. c. North Sea.
b. Adriatic Sea. d. Black Sea.
9. The Northern European Plain is rich in

a. coal, oil, copper, and petroleum. c. agricultural lands and petroleum
deposits.
b. coal and oil. d. agricultural lands, iron ore, and coal.
10. A fine, rich soil that is carried by the wind is known as

a. bauxite. c. polder.
b. loess. d. mistral.
11. A climate is found in most of southern Europe.

a. Mediterranean c. humid subtropical
b. tropical d. tundra
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Hot, dry winds that blow from North Africa into southern Europe are called
a. foehns. c. loess.
b. mistrals. d. siroccos.
13. How does the Netherlands protect its lowland areas?

a. with dikes to hold back the sea c. by planting grasses whose roots
trap water in the soil
b. with dikes to hold in rivers d. by excavating fjords that hold back
and lakes the sea
14. Which two factors most influence Europe’s climate and vegetation?
a. elevation and proximity to c. elevation and population density
the sea
b. northern latitude and population d. northern latitude and proximity
density to the sea
15. The Pyrenees mountains separate the Peninsula from the rest of Europe.
a. Italian c. Iberian
b. Scandinavian d. Balkan

16. Comparing and Contrasting Explain how the climate and vegetation in

Iceland differ from those of southern Italy.
17. Making Inferences Why might many Europeans feel that the Main-
Danube Canal was an important project?
IV. Applying Skills Elevation of Selected Mountains

feet meters
Reading a Bar Graph Use the
16,000 4,878
bar graph on the right to answer
the following questions on a 14,000 4,267
12,000 3,658
18. Which of these mountains
10,000 3,048
is the highest, and how
high is it? 8,000 2,438
19. About how much higher is 6,000 1,829
Mt. Blanc than Mt. Etna?
4,000 1,219
20. Which mountain has the
lowest elevation? What is its 2,000 610
elevation? 0 0
Vesuvius Ben Nevis Mt. Blanc Mt. Etna

Name Date Class

[The Alps are] essentially a geologic wilderness: fierce jagged peaks in
parallel series. The timberline is relatively low; above the trees typically
are meadows that for centuries have been used for summer grazing.
—James Salter, National Geographic Traveler, 2001
21. The author suggests that the timberline of the Alps begins at a
elevation than many other mountains.

Europe: Economic Activity
20°W 0° 20°E 40°E 60°E
Resources 0 mi. 500
0 km 500
ON)
Coal Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
OND
Iron ore a
E
CL
e
H (L
CIR
S
Reykjavík
Petroleum Reindeer IC
T
n
ICELAND
WIC
ARC
ia
EEN
Bauxite
eg
w
F GR
Land Use
Copper N
or
Commercial farming
NO
N
Lead Faroe Is. Subsistence farming

ni a
IDIA
60
°N
SWEDEN
oth
Zinc Nomadic herding

FINLAND
MER
fB
NORWAY Forests
lf o
Silver Manufacturing and trade

Gu
Cattle Helsinki Commercial fishing

Uranium Oslo
Sheep Stockholm Little or no activity

Phosphate ESTONIA
a
Glasgow
Se
UNITED Dairy
N Nickel Belfast LATVIA
IRELAND KINGDOM Dairy R U S S I A
ic
Dublin
Nort h DENMARK
l
t
Natural
50
°N gas Manchester Copenhagen a LITHUANIA
Dairy Liverpool Sea B
RUSSIA Wheat
Celtic Birmingham
Manganese Sea Sugar Beets Hamburg Gdańsk
Minsk
Amsterdam Potatoes Oats Corn
London NETH. Berlin P O L A N D BE LARUS
Brussels G E RM ANY Warsaw Potatoes
Potatoes
ATLaNTIC Bonn Łód´z Wheat Kharkiv
BELG. Kraków Kiev
Potatoes Frankfurt Sugar Beets
OCEaN Nantes
Apples Paris LUX.
Strasbourg Dairy
Prague
CZECH REP.
Corn
U K R A I N E Donetsk
Corn Wheat
F R A N C E Munich SLOVAKIA
Bay o f
Grapes Zurich LIECH.
Vienna Corn MOLDOVA
SWITZ. Budapest Wheat N Sea of
Bi scay Grapes AUSTRIA
Lyon SLOV. Fruit HUNGARY Azov
Tobacco Milan
Bilbao Venice Corn ROMANIA Grapes
Turin
Corn Corn GrapesGenoa Belgrade Corn
40°
Sheep CROATIA BOSN. Bucharest B l a c k S e a
L
N Olives & Wheat

GA
Sheep ANDORRA SAN MARINO SERBIA

Ad
ITALY HERZG.
BULGARIA
TU
ri a
Lisbon Madrid Corsica t

Barcelona Potatoes ic
POR
Cork Hemp Se MONT. Tobacco

a
SPA I N Rome
Sheep ALBANIA MACED.
Cork Citrus Sardinia Sheep Naples Almonds TURKEY
Fruits Balearic Is. Tobacco Olives E
Goats Olives Tyrrhenian Sheep C Sponges
E
Sea Ionian Aegean

E
Olives Sea
GR
Strait of Gibraltar Sea

Sicily Athens
Goats Olives
Sponges
Crete Rhodes Nicosia
MALTA M
e d Olives
CYPRUS
i t
e r r
a n e
a n S e a
22. Important resources found in the North Sea are and .

(continued)
23. Bulgaria, Ireland, and Spain all have deposits of the mineral .
Name Date Class
Unit 3, Form A Test
Important Rivers in Europe

River Length Outflow
Danube 1,776 mi. Black Sea
Po 405 mi. Adriatic Sea
Rhine 820 mi. North Sea
Rhône 505 mi. Mediterranean Sea
Seine 496 mi. English Channel
24. Which river empties into the Adriatic Sea?

25. Which river is the longest?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of Europe

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. mainland peninsula of Denmark A. North Sea
2. dried vegetation used for fuel B. Jutland

3. another name for Ireland
C. peat
4. connected to the Black Sea by the
Main-Danube Canal D. Crete
5. island in the Mediterranean Sea E. the Emerald Isle

6. The British Isles include the islands of

a. Great Britain and Ireland. c. Ireland, Great Britain, and Scotland.
b. England and Scotland. d. Great Britain and England.
7. The coastline of the Scandinavian Peninsula is characterized by long, narrow,

steep-sided inlets called
a. dikes. b. fjords. c. polders. d. siroccos.
8. The separate(s) the Iberian Peninsula from Africa.

a. Apennines c. Strait of Gibraltar
b. North Sea d. Aegean Sea
9. Permafrost is found in
a. northern Germany. c. southern Scandinavia.
b. northern Scotland. d. northern Scandinavia.
10. Which ocean currents bring warm waters to western Europe?

a. North Pacific Drift and California c. Peru Current and West Wind Drift
Current Current
b. North Atlantic Current and d. Japan Current and Oyashio Current
Gulf Stream
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Dry winds called blow down from the mountains into valleys and
plains and can cause avalanches.
a. loess b. steppes c. mistrals d. foehns
12. The run through eastern Europe from Slovakia to Romania.

a. Pyrenees b. Meseta c. Carpathians d. Alps
13. Iceland’s location along the results in volcanoes, hot springs, and geysers.
a. Antarctic Circle c. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
b. Mid-Pacific Ridge d. Arctic Circle
14. Europe’s marine west coast climate

a. has mild winters, cool summers, c. provides a good environment for
and abundant rain. coniferous trees.
b. is prevalent in eastern Europe. d. has cold winters, heavy snowfall,
and cool, short summers.
15. Much of eastern Europe has a climate with cold, snowy winters and hot
summers.
a. steppe c. highland
b. humid continental d. humid subtropical


16. Categorizing Information Name two important rivers in Europe. Tell
where they are located and why they are important to the people who
live there.
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships Why is the climate of Paris
milder than that of an American
city on the east coast at the same Elevation of Selected Mountains
latitude? feet meters
16,000 4,878
IV. Applying Skills 14,000 4,267

Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar 12,000 3,658
graph below to answer the following
questions on a separate sheet of paper. 10,000 3,048
18. Which mountain has the lowest 8,000 2,438

elevation? What is its elevation? 6,000 1,829
19. About how much higher is Ben
4,000 1,219
Nevis than Vesuvius?
2,000 610
20. Which mountain has the highest
elevation? What is its elevation? 0 0
Vesuvius Ben Nevis Mt. Blanc Mt. Etna

Name Date Class
Length of Coastline
Italy 4,712 miles (7,600 km)
Spain 3,084 miles (4,964 km)
Sweden 2,000 miles (3,218 km)
Norway 13,624 miles (21,935 km)
United Kingdom 7,723 miles (12,429 km)
Source: www.nationsencyclopedia.com
21. According to the table,

a. Sweden’s coastline is about twice as long as Italy’s coastline.
b. Spain’s coastline is longer than Italy’s coastline.
c. Norway has less coastline than the United Kingdom.
d. Norway’s coastline is more than three times the length of Italy’s coastline.
22. Which conclusion can you draw from this table?

a. Islands such as the United Kingdom have more coastline than peninsulas
such as Italy.
b. The area of Spain is less than the area of Italy.
c. Norway’s fjords and islands greatly increase the length of its total coastline.
d. The United Kingdom has a greater landmass than Spain.

Currently Europe leads the world in its use of wind power. Denmark gen-
erates 15 percent of its energy needs using wind power with Germany
and Sweden close behind. By 2020 Denmark expects to generate 50 per-
cent of its power demands using wind.
—Bijal P. Trivedi, National Geographic Today, January 15, 2002
23. Explain why Europe is well situated to supply some of its electricity needs
with wind power.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Europe: Natural Vegetation
20°W 0° 20°E 40°E 60°E

AR N
CH
CT
IC
DON NWI
C IR
60
CLE
°N
(LON F GREE
Reykjavík
)
Mediterranean scrub
NO
Deciduous and mixed

IDIA
deciduous-coniferous
forest
MER
Helsinki Coniferous forest

ATLaNTIC Oslo Temperate grassland
OCEaN Stockholm Tundra
Glasgow Rīga
50
°N
Copenhagen
Dublin
Amsterdam
London Berlin
Rotterdam
Prague Kiev
Paris Frankfurt
Bay
of

Biscay Vienna
40° Belgrade
N
Bl a c k
Madrid Bucharest Se a
Rome
M e d i
t e
r r Athens
0 mi. 500 a
n
0 km 500
e a
n
Azimuthal Equidistant projection S e a
24. In which vegetation zone is the city of Bucharest?

25. Based on the natural vegetation map, how would you describe the
changes in European vegetation from north to south?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Northern Europe
A B
1. a religious movement of the 1500s A. Middle Ages
2. period between ancient and modern times
B. Reformation
3. began in England in the 1700s
C. Enlightenment
4. power struggle between communist and
noncommunist world
D. Industrial Revolution
5. movement that emphasized the importance
of reason E. Cold War

(10 points each)
6. The most densely populated nation in northern Europe is

a. Sweden. c. Iceland.
b. the United Kingdom. d. Norway.
7. Northern Europe’s largest and oldest urban area is

a. Paris. c. Rome.
b. Scandinavia. d. London.
8. The conquering Roman Empire brought which religion to northern Europe?

a. Islam c. Paganism
b. Christianity d. Judaism
9. The unhealthy conditions of the Industrial Revolution led to

a. industrial capitalism. c. communism.
b. the Enlightenment. d. the Reformation.
10. The nations of northern Europe have literacy rates of

a. nearly 100 percent. c. 70–80 percent.
b. less than 60 percent. d. 60–70 percent.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Western Europe
A B
1. captures immediate experiences of natural world A. Holocaust
2. accurately depicts details of everyday life B. Crusades
3. religious wars
C. reparations
4. Germany’s payments to Europe after
World War I D. realism
5. the mass killing of 6 million European Jews E. impressionism

(10 points each)
6. ________’s three official languages of German, French, and Italian reflect the
different cultures that have shaped the country over time.
a. Switzerland c. France

b. Germany d. the Netherlands
7. The western European city that is the administrative center of the European
Union is
a. Paris. c. Geneva.
b. Berlin. d. Brussels.
8. An ancient European group that lived in the Pyrenees more than 3,000 years
ago was the
a. Basques. c. Romans.
b. Frisians. d. Franks.
9. The French Revolution was based on the ideas of the

a. Enlightenment. c. Holy Roman Empire.
b. Reformation. d. Renaissance.
10. After World War II, which country was divided between communist and
noncommunist governments?
a. France c. Germany
b. Belgium d. Netherlands

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
Southern Europe
A B
1. center of classical Greek civilization A. Vatican City
2. independent communities linked by culture B. Constantinople
3. capital of Byzantine Empire C. city-states
4. home to the Roman Catholic Church D. Athens
5. Italian city with canals E. Venice

(10 points each)
6. Muslim Moors invaded Spain in and held it for over 700 years.
a. A.D. 400 c. A.D. 711
b. 400 B.C. d. 711 B.C.
7. The most populous nation in southern Europe is

a. Italy. c. Spain.
b. Greece. d. Portugal.
8. The recent dominant migration patterns of the region has resulted in

a. suburbanization. c. urbanization.
b. rural concentration. d. emigration.
9. The two early civilizations of southern Europe that laid the foundations for
Western civilization were
a. Spain and Portugal. c. Greece and Rome.
b. the Moors and Byzantines. d. the Catalans and Basques.
10. All nations in southern Europe are currently members of the

a. Soviet Union. c. Holy Roman Empire.
b. European Union. d. Byzantine Empire.

Name Date Class
Section 4 Quiz
Eastern Europe
A B
1. ruled the Balkans for nearly 500 years A. Balkanization
2. division of a region into smaller parts B. ethnic cleansing
3. Eastern Europe’s most populous nation C. Ottomans
4. expelling or killing rival ethnic groups D. Ukraine
5. formed six Balkan nations into one country E. Yugoslavia

(10 points each)
6. Public demonstrations led to the fall of eastern Europe’s communist governments in

a. 1959. c. 1979.
b. 1969. d. 1989.
7. Most people in eastern Europe speak languages.

a. Germanic c. Italic
b. Indo-European d. Eastern Orthodox
8. As the largest ethnic group in Europe, can trace their roots to ancient
Slavic groups near the Black Sea.
a. Russians c. Germans
b. Roma d. Slovaks
9. In the 1990s fractured along ethnic lines.

a. Romania c. Yugoslavia
b. Bosnia d. Kosovo
10. Most eastern Europeans are ethnically

a. Celtic. c. Roma.
b. Germanic. d. Slavic.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of Europe

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. language family that includes Polish and Czech A. Crusades
2. the slaughter of 6 million Jews in World War II B. Holocaust
3. capital of the United Kingdom C. Slavic
4. unique city known for its canals D. London
5. series of religious wars to win Palestine E. Venice

6. The United Kingdom includes

a. England, Wales, Scotland, and c. England, Ireland, and Northern
Northern Ireland. Ireland.
b. England, Ireland, Wales and d. Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Scotland.
7. Approximately how many ethnic groups live in Europe today?

a. 500 c. 160
b. 50 d. 1,600
8. In the 1990s, fractured along ethnic lines, sparking violence and

movements for independence.
a. Germany c. Romania
b. Yugoslavia d. Poland
9. The was an age of exploration and artistic achievement in Europe.

a. Reformation c. Renaissance
b. Revolution d. Romance
10. Beginning in the late , the Industrial Revolution transformed manufac-

turing in Europe by replacing human labor with machines.
a. 1700s c. 1900s
b. 1500s d. 1600s
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. The ancient Greeks formed city-states that were independent but shared
a common
a. monarchy. c. language and culture.
b. enemy to the north— d. desire to dominate trade on the
Germanic invaders. Mediterranean Sea.
12. A system in which monarchs or lords gave land to nobles in return for pledges
of loyalty was known as
a. industrial capitalism. c. the Middle Ages.
b. communism. d. feudalism.
13. The goal of the is a united Europe in which goods, services, and workers
can move freely among member countries.
a. Common Market b. United Nations c. European Union d. Maastricht Treaty
14. , the accurate depiction of everyday life, became a prominent artistic

movement in the mid-1800s.
a. Realism b. Impressionism c. Romanticism d. Modern art
15. After World War II, most eastern European countries were under
a. Communist rule. c. Nazi rule.
b. democratic rule. d. Roman rule.

Selected Events in European History

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a
separate sheet of paper. 27 B.C.–A.D. 180 High point of Roman Empire
16. Identifying Cause and Effect Relationships 380 Christianity made official religion
of Roman Empire
How did religion influence the development
500s–1500 Middle Ages, Feudalism
of Europe during the Middle Ages?
570–632 Muhammad, prophet of Islam
17. Predict Consequences Do you think the
1095–1291 Crusades
European Union will attempt to share one
1300s–1600 Renaissance
language? Why or why not?
1492 Columbus sails to the Americas
1500s Reformation
IV. Applying Skills
mid 1600s–1700s Enlightenment
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the
1789 French Revolution
right to answer the following questions on a
mid 1700s–1800s Industrial Revolution
mid 1800s Birth of Communism
18. During which time period did Columbus
1917 Russian Revolution
reach North America?
1914–1918 World War I
19. Which years marked the high point of the 1939–1945 World War II
Roman Empire?
1949–1989 Cold War
20. Which events occurred during the same 1992 European Union established
century in which the European Union
was established? Source: Oxford Encyclopedia of World History

Name Date Class

One morning I went on a...walk through... the historic center of Naples

[Italy]. Here the grid plan remains from the original Greek settlement, with
laundry-festooned streets barely the width of an average driveway. Lack of
space has never presented any serious problem to the Neapolitan.
—Erla Zwingle, “Naples Unabashed,” National Geographic,
March 1988
21. Which of the following conclusions could you draw from this quotation?
a. The Greeks influenced many aspects of city planning in Naples.
b. People who live in the city of Naples have plenty of space.
c. The Greeks originally planned the pattern and width of the streets in Naples.
d. In Naples, the Greeks began the custom of hanging laundry outdoors.

AUSTRIA
ITALY SL OVENI A HUNGARY

Ljubljana
Zagreb ROMANIA
CROATIA VOJVODINA
S
Belgrade
BOSNI A A N D
E
HERZEGOV I N A
R
SERBIA
Sarajevo
B
I
MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
KOSOVO
A
ALBANIA Skopje
MACEDONIA
GREECE
22. In the 1990s, many refugees left Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo after
being oppressed and attacked by the .
23. At the end of World War II, the republics on this map were part of the
country called .
(continued)

Name Date Class
The European Union 2009

Pre-2000 Member Countries Austria, Belgium, Britain, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden
New Members in 2004 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia
New Members in 2007 Bulgaria, Romania
Negotiations Beginning Croatia, Macedonia, Turkey
Potential Candidates Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iceland, Kosovo,
Montenegro, Serbia
24. In which region of Europe are most of the new member countries?
25. Explain why countries such as Croatia, Macedonia, and Turkey might wish
to join the European Union.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of Europe

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. forced removal of a population based on A. ethnic cleansing
ancestry, language and customs
2. the use of business profits to expand that B. fuedalism
business
C. industrial capitalism
3. loyalty pledged for land
4. money paid as compensation after a war D. welfare state

5. a country that offers a complete social welfare
program to its citizens E. reparations

6. The city-state of introduced the Western idea of democracy.

a. Rome b. Athens c. Alexandria d. Byzantium
7. The Reformation, a movement that lessened the power of the Roman Catholic
Church, began in
a. Spain. b. Germany. c. Italy. d. Sweden.
8. Industrial and social changes in Europe in the 1800s led to , an

economic system in which owners used profits to expand their companies.
a. communism c. socialism
b. feudalism d. industrial capitalism
9. Foreigners who work on a temporary basis in a country other than the ones in
which they are citizens are called
a. migrants. b. refugees. c. guest workers. d. immigrants.
10. Who are the native people of northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland?
a. the Sami b. the Roma c. the Basques d. the Saxons
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. The was a power struggle between the Soviet-controlled Communist

world and the non-Communist world.
a. Reformation c. Renaissance
b. Cold War d. Korean War
12. Constantinople was the capital of

a. the Roman Empire. c. the Byzantine Empire.
b. the Roman Catholic Church. d. England’s colonies.
13. is the most populous country in all of Europe.

a. France c. United Kingdom
b. Italy d. Germany
14. Countries that have health-care systems funded by the government are known as
a. communist states. c. democratic states.
b. city-states. d. welfare states.
15. focused on emotions and the struggles of individuals.

a. Romanticism c. Impressionism
b. Renaissance composition d. Realism


separate sheet of paper. Selected Events in European History
16. Comparing and Contrasting How has 27 B.C.–A.D. 180 High point of Roman Empire
Europe changed during the past 30 years? 380 Christianity made official religion
How has it remained the same? of Roman Empire
17. Finding and Summarizing the Main Idea 500s–1500 Middle Ages, Feudalism
How has religion influenced the culture of 570–632 Muhammad, prophet of Islam
modern Europe? 1095–1291 Crusades
1300s–1600 Renaissance
IV. Applying Skills 1492 Columbus sails to the Americas
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the 1500s Reformation
right to answer the following questions on a mid 1600s–1700s Enlightenment
separate sheet of paper. 1789 French Revolution
mid 1700s–1800s Industrial Revolution
18. How many years after the French Revolution
did the Russian Revolution take place? mid 1800s Birth of Communism
1917 Russian Revolution
19. When did Muhammad live?
1914–1918 World War I
20. How many years did the Cold War last? 1939–1945 World War II
1949–1989 Cold War
1992 European Union established
Source: Oxford Encyclopedia of World History

Name Date Class
Reading a Chart Use the chart below to answer the following question on
Cause Effect/Cause Effect

Industrial •Power-driven
Revolution machinery
•Improved
transportation and
communication
21. What word or phrase completes this cause-and-effect chart?

Throughout its long history Spain has been washed over, in whole or in
part, by invading hordes of Phoenicians, Celts, Greeks, Carthaginians,
Romans, Vandals, Visigoths, and Moors, and each of them has left some-
thing distinctive to one or more regions of the country in architecture,
music, culture, gastronomy, outlook, even appearance.
—Bill Bryson, “The New World of Spain,” National Geographic, April
1992
22. Summarize the main idea of this passage.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Europe, 1955
30°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 50°E

20°W 40°E
70°N
AR Y
CTI
C C IR
A
CL E
LAND
W
ICELAND
N
R
°N
D E
60
N O
FIN
Atlantic
S W E
Ocean
SOVIET
Se a
North UNION
N Sea
tic
UNITED DENMARK
al
B
IRELAND KINGDOM
50°
EAST N
NETH.
GER. POLAND
BELG. WEST

GER. CZECHOSLOVAKIA
LUX.
LIECH. AUSTRIA HUNGARY
FRANCE SWITZ. YU ROMANIA Black Sea
SAN GO
MARINO SL
ANDORRA AV BULGARIA
I
40°
ITALY N
PORTUGAL U
A
MONACO RK
SPAIN E Y
VATICAN
CITY ALBANIA GREECE
Mediterra
nea CYPRUS
MALTA n Se a
0 mi. 400
0 km 400
Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
23. This map shows Europe during the period known as the , when
the government of the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries were
under control.
24. The map shows that after World War II, the country of was divided
into two parts.
25. The map shows the Balkan country of , which no longer exists.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. train tunnel beneath the English Channel A. INTELSAT
2. television network in western Europe B. Chunnel
3. Germany’s superhighways C. TGVs
4. France’s high-speed trains D. autobahnen
5. international satellite broadcasting system E. Eurovision

(10 points each)
6. In 1992, the European Union was formed in

a. Maastricht, the Netherlands. c. London, England.
b. Berlin, Germany. d. Paris, France.
7. The European Union’s future plans include

a. establishment of a constitution. c. no environmental standards.
b. rejection of eastern European d. a common national language.
countries.
8. Where are Europe’s largest industrial regions located?

a. England, Germany, Italy, c. France, Spain, and Portugal
and Sweden
b. mountainous regions of eastern d. France, Germany, Italy, Poland,
Europe Czech Republic
9. Since the fall of communism, eastern Europeans have

a. gained independence but lost c. gained greater job security
some social services. and benefits.
b. gained independence and d. lost most hope of building a
government health care. better life.
10. Since the fall of communism, the economies of eastern Europe are
shifting to economies.
a. command, market c. traditional, command
b. market, command d. traditional, market

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. polluted industrial area of central Europe A. “black triangle”
2. cause of flooding in the Netherlands B. Bialowieza Forest
3. arid region of Spain
C. Meseta
4. unspoiled wilderness area in Poland and Belarus
D. North Sea
5. narrow channel between the Mediterranean and
the Atlantic E. Strait of Gibraltar

(10 points each)
6. What are the main causes of eastern Europe’s environmental problems?

a. the rarity of forests and rivers c. overfishing and timber harvesting
b. rapid industrialization with few d. strip mining and patterns of
pollution controls population density

7. Of the following, the nation most at risk for acid rain is
a. Spain. b. Greece. c. Iceland. d. Poland.
8. Some scientists claim that carbon dioxide emissions will

a. melt the polar ice caps. c. destroy entire forests.
b. create smog in urban areas. d. harm wildlife in rivers and streams.
9. What is one reason that the European Union is concerned about its pollution?
a. Air and water currents carry it c. Europe can profit if pollution
beyond national boundaries. restrictions are lessened.
b. The United States profits off of d. Europe is fined by the rest of the
pollution while Europe does not. world if EU countries continue to pollute.
10. Pollution in the Mediterranean is problematic because

a. people are used to it. c. the sea is old.
b. environmental guidelines are d. few natural currents carry the
being enforced. pollutants away.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: Europe

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. high-speed French trains A. Ruhr
2. European telecommunication satellites B. TGVs
3. Europe’s leading industrial center C. Rotterdam
4. largest European port D. Main-Danube Canal
5. links ports between the North and Black Seas E. INTELSATs

6. What has caused declining fish populations in Scandinavia?

a. farming collectives c. global warming
b. acid rain d. timber harvesting
7. The European Union requires its members to

a. limit and clean up environmental c. cease industrial production.
pollution.
b. pay high tariffs. d. limit environmental pollution.
8. The Maastricht Treaty was the agreement that

a. ended World War II. c. brought about the fall of communism.
b. set up the European Union. d. set up trade between Europe and the
United States.
9. Europe’s large deposits of coal and iron sparked the growth of in

the 1800s.
a. heavy industry c. service industries
b. light industry d. farm cooperatives
10. On , foods are raised without chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

a. farm cooperatives c. state farms
b. collective farms d. organic farms
11. and rank among Europe’s top service industries.

a. Health care, social assistance c. Transportation, warehousing
b. International banking, insurance d. Rental, leasing
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Today, Europe’s leading include the Ruhr and Middle Rhine
districts in Germany and the Po basin in Italy.
a. agricultural areas c. centers of high tech industries
b. centers of service industries d. industrial centers
13. The River and its tributaries carry more freight than any other river
system in Europe.
a. Elbe b. Rhine c. Po d. Danube
14. Increasing global temperatures are due in part to increasing amounts of

in the atmosphere.
a. oxygen atoms b. minerals c. carbon dioxide d. oxygen
15. Which body of water is polluted by agricultural runoff?

a. Mediterranean Sea c. Danube River
b. North Sea d. Strait of Gibraltar

16. Drawing Conclusions Why do Europeans still ship goods via canals
and rivers?
17. Evaluating Information Why is it difficult to promote economic growth
and take care of the environment at the same time?
IV. Applying Skills

Communications in Selected Countries, 2008

Telephone main lines Cellular phone subscribers Internet users
(per 100 people) (per 100 people) (per 100 people)
(year) 2008 2008 2008
Bulgaria 28 138 34
China 25 47 22
Finland 31 128 82
France 56 93 68
Greece 53 123 43
Saudi Arabia 16 142 30
Thailand 10 92 23
United States 49 86 74
18. How does communication in France compare with that of other European
countries?
19. How does communication in the European countries on the chart compare
to that of the non-European countries on the chart?
20. According to the chart, which country listed has the largest number of
cellular phone subscribers?

Name Date Class

Today’s worker [in Hungary] wants to become part of the middle class, to
own a car and a weekend cottage in the country. “That’s what I want,”
says Gábor Szabó, a young welder, “to become a European.”
—Tad Szulc, “Dispatches from Eastern Europe,” National Geographic,
March 1991
21. After eastern Europe broke away from the Soviet Union, workers in
Hungary and other eastern European countries hoped to .

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22. What was the status of Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey with regard to the
European Union in 2009?
23. Name three European countries on the Balkan Peninsula that were neither
applicants nor members of the European Union in 2009.
24. Which northern European countries have not joined the European Union?
25. With its expansion in 2007, the European Union included member countries.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: Europe

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. increase in the Earth’s average temperature A. Bialowieza Forest
2. German freeway system B. autobahnen
3. tunnel linking England and France C. global warming
4. badly polluted European industrial area D. Chunnel
5. wilderness area in Belarus and Poland E. “black triangle”

6. Rapid industrialization led to in eastern Europe.

a. the fall of communism c. huge profits
b. serious environmental pollution d. a trade surplus
7. Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea is caused by

a. shipping lanes. c. tourists, industrial dumping,
and inadequate ocean currents.
b. polluted Atlantic currents. d. pollution flow from the Danube
and Rhine Rivers.
8. and rank among Europe’s top service industries.

a. Health care, social assistance c. Transportation, warehousing
b. International banking, insurance d. Rental, leasing
9. Eastern Europeans have since the fall of communism.

a. increased heavy industry c. received improved government services
b. quickly established independent d. lost government services
companies
10. , or organizations in which farmers share in growing and selling

products, reduce costs and increase profits.
a. Farm cooperatives c. Mixed farms
b. State farms d. Organic farms
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Many European consumers believe that genetically engineered foods

a. will solve eastern Europe’s c. have not been tested adequately
agriculture problems. for safety.
b. cause birth defects. d. improve diversity of vegetables.
12. The type of farming in dry areas that produces crops without the use of any
irrigation, and relies on methods that conserve soil moisture is called
a. organic farming. c. cooperative farming.
b. mixed farming. d. dry farming
13. European countries that lack raw materials would likely shift their economic
base from
a. heavy industry to light industry. c. farming to tourism.
b. farming to technology. d. light industry to heavy industry.
14. Europe’s large deposits of coal and iron sparked the growth of in
the 1800s.
a. heavy industry c. service industries
b. light industry d. farm cooperatives
15. Eastern Europe seeks from western Europe and the rest of the world
to help support environmental cleanup.
a. financial help and technology c. legal advice
b. automobiles d. weapons

separate sheet of paper. European Union Membership
16. Predicting Consequences How may Members 2002 Members 2004
pollution continue to lower the quality Austria Cyprus
of life in eastern Europe? Belgium Czech Republic
17. Drawing Conclusions Does the threat Denmark Estonia, Hungary
of global warming require international Finland Latvia, Lithuania
cooperation? Why or why not? France Malta, Poland
Germany Slovakia, Slovenia
IV. Applying Skills Greece
Ireland Members 2007
Italy Bulgaria
Luxembourg Romania
18. As of 2002 was Lithuania a member of the Netherlands
European Union?
Portugal In Negotiations
19. In 2002, how many countries belonged to the Spain Croatia
European Union? How many joined since 2002? Sweden Macedonia
20. Why do you think Turkey has not been accepted United Kingdom Turkey
into the EU yet?

Name Date Class

A Czechoslovak friend described what it was like in the 1950s....“The
bright future lay in industrializing as fast as possible. This way we would
exploit all natural resources and gain mastery over nature. The technology
was often out of date, but we were after short-term benefits—there was
no thought of the future environmental consequences.
—Jon Thompson, “East Europe’s Dark Dawn,” National Geographic,
June 1991
21. The speaker is describing the ideas behind Czechoslovakia’s
economy that was in effect after World War II.
22. Explain what the speaker meant by the “environmental consequences” in
Czechoslovakia.
Reading a Chart Use the charts below to answer the following questions
Railway Tunnel Length Opened

(miles)
Channel Tunnel 31 1994
Simplon Nos. 1 and 2 12 1906, 1922
Apennine 11 1934
Gotthard 9 1882
23. Which is the oldest railway tunnel?
24. How long is the Channel Tunnel?
25. When was the Apennine opened?

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Europe
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. one of the earliest European civilizations A. Industrial Revolution
2. era of great advancements in the arts and sciences
B. Renaissance
3. empire that was the seat of the Eastern
Orthodox Church C. Cold War
4. power struggle between the communist world
D. Roman
and noncommunist world
5. European shift into mass production E. Byzantine

6. The Main-Danube Canal is important because it links

a. ports in Europe. c. the Thames and the Rhine.
b. the North Sea and the Black Sea. d. the Danube River and the Black Sea.
7. What percentage of European forest has been removed over time?

8. Mediterranean Europe receives the hot, dry from Africa.

a. mistrals c. loess
b. foehns d. siroccos
9. The Berlin Wall was a symbol of

a. World War I. c. World War II.
b. the Cold War. d. the European Union.
10. Serious environmental problems in eastern Europe have resulted from

a. industrialization during communism. c. overfishing and timber cutting.
b. burning the native forests. d. government strip mining policies.
11. The goal(s) of the European Union include

a. a common bank and foreign policy c. relaxing current environmental
and fewer environmental standards. standards.
b. rejection of most eastern European d. a common bank and foreign policy
countries. and strict environmental standards.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 4, Form A Test
12. Important service industries in Europe include

a. agriculture and technology. c. banking and insurance.
b. mining and technology. d. insurance and agriculture.
13. Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

a. a religious leader c. a modern artist
b. a painter and inventor d. a political leader
14. The dispute in the present-day Balkans is over

a. ethnic differences. c. religious and political ties.
b. language. d. sacred lands.
15. Today, people in Europe

a. rely upon heavy industry and c. work primarily in service, agriculture,
mining to support their economies. and trade.
b. are employed in the sectors of d. work in manufacturing, service and
farming and heavy industry. technology industries, and agriculture.

16. Making Inferences Why do you think people who share closely linked
histories and homelands are involved in Europe’s most violent ethnic disputes?
17. Categorizing Information Name the five peninsulas of Europe. Briefly
describe their physical geography and climates.

IV. Applying Skills
READING A CHART Use the chart below to answer the following questions
Some Explorations of the Early Renaissance

Explorer Country Date Result of Expedition
Bartolomeu Dias Portugal 1488 sailed around the Cape of Good Hope
Christopher Columbus Spain 1492 discovered the West Indies
John Cabot England 1497 landed in Newfoundland
Vasco da Gama Portugal 1498 found a sea route to India
Vasco Núñez de Balboa Spain 1513 at Panama, first European to sight the eastern edge
of the Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan Portugal 1521 died in an attempt to circumnavigate the Earth
Juan Sebastián de Elcano Spain 1522 was the first to circumnavigate the Earth
Fernão Mendes Pinto Portugal 1542 was the first European in Japan
Richard Chancellor England 1553 established a Russian trade route
18. What happened about four years before Columbus’s first journey to the Americas?
19. How much time passed between Columbus’s first journey and Balboa’s discovery?
20. How does the information in this chart illustrate the fact that one aspect of
the Renaissance was a great interest in the world outside of Europe?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Europe
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. home to ancient democratic city-state A. Vatican City
2. bordered on the north by the Pyrenees Mountains B. Kosovo
3. place where fish populations are declining
C. Greece
because of acid rain in lakes and rivers
4. area of Serbian violent ethnic cleansing D. Scandinavia
5. center of the Roman Catholic Church E. Iberian Peninsula

6. The River connects ports in eastern Europe to the Black Sea.

a. Danube c. Thames
b. Elbe d. Rhine
7. The climate in western Europe is

a. one of cold, snowy winters and c. cold for its latitude because of Atlantic
hot, muggy summers. winds blowing from the Gulf Stream.
b. warm for its latitude because of d. made more temperate by the cooling
Atlantic winds blowing from the foehns.
Gulf Stream.
8. During the , Christianity was established throughout Europe.

a. Roman and Byzantine Empires c. Middle Ages
b. Reformation and Renaissance d. Roman and Greek civilizations
9. In the 1950s,
a. eastern Europe needed workers. c. western Europe restricted immigration.
b. western Europe needed workers. d. eastern Europe encouraged immigration.
10. From the 1400s through the 1800s,

a. the Roman Empire flourished. c. Europeans imported their resources.
b. Europeans searched for common d. Europeans explored and colonized
economic solutions. other parts of the world.
11. The city of Berlin was divided shortly after

a. World War I. c. the Cold War.
b. World War II. d. the Reformation. (continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 4, Form B Test
12. The , signed in 2007, replaced the failed EU constitution.

a. Warsaw Pact c. Maastricht Treaty
b. Treaty of Rome d. Lisbon Treaty
13. People in Italy and Spain speak languages.

a. Baltic b. Romance c. Germanic d. Slavic
14. The economies of European countries generally are

a. small but growing. c. healthier in the west than in the east.
b. improved over the last century. d. dominated by agriculture.
15. Which of the following is still being debated within the European Union?
a. lifting tariffs on imports c. a new constitution
b. tearing down the Berlin Wall d. admitting western European countries

16. Problem Solving How will the entrance of eastern European countries
into the European Union help solve problems for countries in
western Europe?
17. Summarizing the Main Idea In your own words, explain one unifying
cultural element and one cultural element that creates conflicts in Europe.
IV. Applying Skills

Some Explorations of the Early Renaissance

Explorer Country Date Result of Expedition
Bartolomeu Dias Portugal 1488 sailed around the Cape of Good Hope
Christopher Columbus Spain 1492 discovered the West Indies
John Cabot England 1497 landed in Newfoundland
Vasco da Gama Portugal 1498 found a sea route to India
Vasco Núñez de Balboa Spain 1513 at Panama, first European to sight the eastern edge
of the Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan Portugal 1521 died in an attempt to circumnavigate the earth
Juan Sebastián de Elcano Spain 1522 was the first to circumnavigate the earth
Fernão Mendes Pinto Portugal 1542 was the first European in Japan
Richard Chancellor England 1553 established a Russian trade route
18. Where did Vasco Núñez de Balboa come from, and why is he important?
19. Which of Núñez de Balboa’s countrymen was the first person to circum-
navigate the earth?
20. Which Portuguese explorer traveled the farthest in this time period? Where
did he go, and when?

Name Date Class
Pretest
Russia
A B
1. a large, distinct ethnic group within a country A. ethnic group
2. supreme leader of Russia before the creation of B. communism

the Soviet Union
3. an illegal way to buy scarce goods C. black market
4. rich black soil of the Northern European Plain D. czar
5. philosophy of Karl Marx E. nationality

6. a permanently frozen layer of soil
F. nuclear waste
7. by-products of producing nuclear power
G. Cold War
8. people that share a common ancestry, language,
religion, and customs H. permafrost
9. belief that there is no God or other supreme being
I. atheism
10. struggle between the United States and the USSR for
world influence J. chernozem
11. Most of Russia’s longest rivers are

a. very clean and pure. c. found in Siberia.
b. passable throughout the year. d. drying up.
12. In the early 1990s, the Soviet Union

a. reclaimed its former power. c. broke up.
b. became the strongest d. became a dictatorship.
government in the world.
13. Soviet industrial growth

a. never matched its agricultural c. caused no environmental problems.
growth.
b. led to serious environmental d. was concentrated in the eastern third
problems. of the country.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 5, Pretest
14. The tundra is

a. a humid continental area in c. the climate for all of Russia.
southern Russia.
b. a very cold region in the north d. a very warm region in the south
with sparse vegetation. with lush vegetation.
15. What was a serf?

a. a peasant farmer who worked c. a trainer of horses for the czar’s army
as a virtual slave
b. a small landowner who worked d. a servant of the czars, who lived in
for the czars the Kremlin
16. Soviet satellite countries were

a. able to petition the Soviet c. under the control of the Soviet Union.
government for independence.
b. areas in which the Soviet d. countries that controlled the
aerospace industry developed. Soviet Union.
17. A(n) is known as an atheist.

a. person who believes there is no c. woman who becomes a Buddhist nun
God or supreme being
b. Islamic holy man d. government official in the Soviet Union
18. In general, Russia has a climate.

a. mild c. desert

b. tropical d. cold and harsh
19. Which statement about the Soviet economy is accurate?

a. It was run by corporations and c. It was controlled by foreign investors.
banks.
b. It was completely controlled by d. It was allowed to meet market supply
the government. and demand.
20. After the Soviet Union broke up, the government encouraged
a. foreign countries to take over c. private ownership of formerly state-run
all the farms and businesses. farms and businesses.
b. people to stop owning farms d. continued government control of farms
and businesses. and businesses.

21. Evaluating Information Because the Soviet government controlled

all forms of mass communication, how reliable were its news and
informational broadcasts and publications?
22. Predicting Consequences How can art be used by a communist
government to further its cause?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. body of water that connects Moscow to the A. Kamchatka Peninsula
Caspian Sea
2. area that has more than 100 volcanoes B. Lake Baikal
3. area that feeds much of Russia

C. Volga River
4. body of water that forms part of the border
between Russia and China D. Amur River
5. body of water that contains about 20 percent
of the Earth’s freshwater E. Northern European Plain

(10 points each)
6. Most of Russia’s coasts lie along waters that

a. are tropical. c. are open year-round.

b. never freeze at any time of d. are frozen many months a
the year. year.
7. The Caspian Sea actually is a

a. river. c. large ocean.
b. lake. d. dry lake.
8. Which of the following are products of Russia’s rich soil?

a. rice, bananas, and sugar beets c. wheat, barley, rye, and oats
b. coffee, tea, and wheat d. olives, dates, and plums
9. About of the world’s forest land is in Russia.

10. The is marked by the Ural Mountains.

a. traditional boundary between c. shift between Siberia’s steppe climate
Russia and China and the Pacific Ocean
b. traditional boundary between d. place where the Baltic and Atlantic
European Russia and Asian Russia Oceans meet

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. located in a humid continental climate A. tundra
2. place known as the “cold pole of the world” B. Verkhoyansk
3. climate in which most Russians live C. subarctic
4. dominant climate region in Russia D. midlatitude
5. region found mostly north of the Arctic Circle E. Moscow

(10 points each)
6. What is the tundra?

a. a vast, treeless plain c. part of the border between Russia
and Europe
b. a well-traveled waterway d. a fertile plain that is excellent for
growing wheat

7. During World War II the Germans were
a. able to govern Russia for five c. forced back by the Russian military
years. and the heavy rains.
b. victorious because of a surprise d. forced back by the Russian military
Russian surrender. and the harsh winter.
8. What has damaged the steppe ecosystem?
a. undergrazing and an overuse c. the introduction of new insect species
of fertilizer and reduced farming
b. overgrazing and the introduction d. the migration of farmers to Russia’s
of foreign plants large cities
9. The vegetation that thrives in the tundra is limited to
a. mosses, barley, wheat, and corn. c. dwarf shrubs, mosses, lichen, potatoes,
and beans.
b. coniferous trees. d. mosses, lichen, algae, and dwarf
shrubs.
10. Which statement best helps explain why the Russian climate is so cold?
a. Much of the country lies south c. Most of the country lies far from
of Norway. any moderating ocean influence.
b. Most of the country lies close to d. Much of the country is dark for long
the freezing oceans. periods of time.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of Russia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the effect of extreme variations in temperature A. chernozem
in an interior area B. taiga
2. grassland area
C. steppe
3. permanently frozen subsoil
4. rich black soil that supports grain production D. continentality
5. huge area that contains coniferous forests E. permafrost

6. Which of the following statements about the fishing industry in Russia is true?
a. Salmon, herring, cod, and halibut c. Fishing is important to the economy
support the fishing industry. despite polluted waterways.
b. All of the fishing industry d. Russia’s fishing exports double
depends on sturgeon. every year.
7. The mark the traditional boundary between European Russia and Asian
Russia.
a. Verkhoyanski Mountains c. Ural Mountains
b. Sayan Mountains d. Caucasus Mountains
8. The Caucasus Mountains are located between the and Seas.
a. Black, Caspian c. Baltic, Barents
b. Black, Baltic d. Caspian, Barents
9. The Volga River connects Moscow with which body of water?
a. Pacific Ocean c. Mediterranean Sea
b. Bering Sea d. Caspian Sea
10. Russia has
a. large forest lands but not c. small reserves of mineral resources.
much petroleum.
b. huge reserves of mineral d. vast petroleum deposits but few
resources. minerals.
11. The climate region dominates the landscape in Russia’s far north.
a. subarctic c. steppe
b. tundra d. humid continental
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. What is the Black Earth Belt?

a. an area in which the ground is c. an area in which factories are most
frozen most of the year important to the economy
b. a region in which farming is d. an area of rich soil whose farms feed
difficult because of the infertile soil most of Russia
13. Russia’s largest climate region is the
a. arctic. c. highland.
b. subarctic. d. humid continental.
14. The majority of Russia’s people live
a. on the Northern European Plain. c. along the Lena River.
b. on the West Siberian Plain. d. on the Central Siberian Plateau.
15. Russian coasts lie along the Pacific Ocean,
a. Arctic Ocean, Caspian Sea, c. Arctic Ocean, Caspian Sea, North Sea,
Black Sea, and Baltic Sea. and Black Sea.
b. Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, d. Arctic Ocean, North Sea, Black Sea,
Black Sea, and Baltic Sea. and Baltic Sea.
III. Critical Thinking Questions RUSSIAN CLIMATE ZONES

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on
a separate sheet of paper. High-Latitude Climates
Tundra
16. Making Inferences Why is Russia’s physical
• vast, treeless plain far to the north
geography considered both a blessing and a

• average annual temperature below
challenge? freezing
• continuously dark during part of winter
17. Predicting Consequences Why are sturgeon • continuously light during part of summer
valuable, and why are they now protected? • shallow, acidic soil supports only mosses,
If people keep fishing for sturgeon illegally, lichen, algae, dwarf shrubs
what could happen? Subarctic
• very cold temperatures
• 120–250 days a year of snow cover
• taiga (coniferous forest)
IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to Midlatitude Climates
answer the following questions on a separate Humid Continental
sheet of paper. • most of Northern European Plain
• mixed forest zone
18. In which climate zone would you find large • fertile soil supports coniferous and
grasslands? Where is this climate zone deciduous trees and crops such as wheat
and barley
located?
Steppe
19. Which climate zone has between 120 and • small area between Black and Caspian
250 days of snow cover? Seas, thin band along Russia’s border
with Kazakhstan
20. Which zone would have light 24 hours a day • temperate area with dry summers and
at some times of the year? cold, dry winters
• fertile soil supports grasslands and
many crops

Name Date Class

Christmas morning in Russia...a cruel snow-laden wind blowing straight
out of the pages of Russian history and literature whipped across roofs
and through the frozen streets of Moscow.
—Daniel Clifton
21. Use what you know about Moscow’s location and latitude to explain
Daniel Clifton’s description of Moscow in late December.
Reading a Map Use the map and table below to answer the following
Siberian Rivers
NUMBER
ON MAP RIVER LENGTH CHARACTERISTICS
1 Amur 2,744 mi. (4,416 km) Forms part of Russian-Chinese border
2 Lena 2,734 mi. (4,400 km) Delta about 250 miles (402 km) wide
3 Ob-Irtysh 3,362 mi. (5,410 km) Major transportation route
4 Yenisey- 3,440 mi. (5,536 km) Delta frozen from October to June
Angara
0 1000 miles
0 1000 kilometers
ARCTIC OCEAN
2
INS
UN AL
Sea of
RUSSIA
M O UR
Okhotsk
TA
4
3
1
Lake
Baikal
CHINA
22. Which is the longest of the Siberian rivers?
23. Into what body of water do most of Siberia’s rivers empty?
24. Why is the valley of the Amur River warmer than the valleys of the other
rivers shown on the map?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following question on
ARABLE LAND IN SELECTED COUNTRIES

United
Russia Canada States France
Arable land 7.17% 4.57% 18.01% 33.46%
Permanent crops 0.11% 0.65% 0.21% 2.03%
Other 92.7% 94.78% 81.78% 64.51%
(includes permanent meadows
and pastures, forests and
woodlands, built-on areas,
roads, barren land, etc.)
Source: The 2008 World Factbook, www.cia.gov
25. Consider the geographic locations of Russia and Canada. Why do these
nations have less arable land and more permanent meadows, pastures,
and forests than either France or the United States?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of Russia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. area in which Russia’s highest point is found A. Volga River
2. forms part of the border between Russia and
B. Northern European Plain
China
3. drains much of the eastern part of the Northern C. Caspian Sea
European Plain
D. Caucasus Mountains
4. body of water that has no outlet to the ocean
5. area that is home to most of Russia’s people E. Amur River

6. Canals link the River to the Sea, providing a water route to
northern Europe.
a. Lena, Laptev b. Volga, Black c. Irtysh, Barents d. Volga, Baltic
7. When attacking Russia in 1941, German forces
a. were defeated in part by Russia’s c. were very well prepared for the harsh
harsh winter. winter to come.
b. found Russians had burned their d. were defeated with very little loss of
own villages to keep the Germans life.
from finding food.
8. Which of these Russian cities are located on the Northern European Plain?
a. St. Petersburg and Moscow c. St. Petersburg and Omsk
b. Moscow and Vladivostok d. Yakutsk and Moscow
9. Russia has few ocean ports that are
a. closed year-round. c. free from ice year-round.
b. able to accept more than one d. usable for ships constructed in the
type of ship. past 20 years.
10. The Caspian Sea is
a. a saltwater lake. c. the world’s largest freshwater lake.
b. a freshwater sea. d. a saltwater lake with an outlet to
the ocean.
11. Which statement about Russia’s size is TRUE?
a. Russia spans three continents. c. Russia is both a country and an
entire continent.
b. Russia spans seven time zones. d. Russia spans two continents.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Napoleon’s Grand Army of 600,000 men

a. moved south to escape the winter. c. was reduced to 40,000 men by Russia’s
harsh winter and a lack of food.
b. crossed the Volga River. d. quickly defeated Russia’s army.
13. The rivers in Siberia flow
a. north and are warmer at the c. east and are about the same
source than at the mouth. temperature at the source and mouth.
b. south and are colder at the d. west and are frozen throughout
source than at the mouth. the year.
14. Russia’s taiga is the world’s largest
a. deciduous forest. c. freshwater lake.
b. wheat belt. d. coniferous forest.
15. The Volga-Don canal connects
a. the Amur River and Siberia. c. Moscow to the Baltic Sea.
b. Moscow to the Sea of Azov d. St. Petersburg and the West
and the Black Sea. Siberian Plain.
III. Critical Thinking Questions RUSSIAN CLIMATE ZONES

on a separate sheet of paper. High-Latitude Climates
Tundra
16. Making Generalizations Why is the Volga
• vast, treeless plain far to the north
River important to the people and economy • average annual temperature below
of Russia? freezing

• continuously dark during part of winter
17. Comparing and Contrasting How are • continuously light during part of summer
the northern part of the Northern European • shallow, acidic soil supports only mosses,
Plain and the lowlands of the West lichen, algae, dwarf shrubs
Siberian Plain similar? Subarctic
• very cold temperatures
• 120–250 days a year of snow cover
IV. Applying Skills • taiga (coniferous forest)
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to
Midlatitude Climates
Humid Continental
sheet of paper.
• most of Northern European Plain
18. Which climate zone has between 120 and • mixed forest zone
250 days of snow cover? • fertile soil supports coniferous and
deciduous trees and crops such as wheat
19. Which climate zone is found along and barley
Russia’s border with Kazakhstan? Steppe
• small area between Black and Caspian
20. In which zones might the most people live, Seas, thin band along Russia’s border
and why? with Kazakhstan
• temperate area with dry summers and
cold, dry winters
• fertile soil supports grasslands and
many crops

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the passages below to answer the fol-

On the sixth of November the sky became terrible...The army marched
along wrapped in a cold mist....While the men were struggling to make
headway against the icy, cutting blast, the snow driven by the wind was
piling up and filling the hollows along the way. Their smooth surfaces hid
unsuspected depths which opened up treacherously under our feet. The
men were swallowed up, and the weak...were buried forever.
—Philippe-Paul de Ségur, Napoleon’s Russian Campaign
21. How was the experience of Napoleon’s advance on Moscow similar to
that of German troops in World War II?
Magnificence is the characteristic of everything one sees in Russia.
—Germaine de Staël, Ten Years of Exile, 1821
22. Explain how Germaine de Staël’s comment can be applied to Russia’s land
and climate.
In countries where there is a mild climate, less effort is expended on the
struggle with nature and man is kinder and more gentle.
—Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Uncle Vanya
23. What are some efforts Russians must make to adjust to their climate?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Russia: Economic Activity
NORTH 80°W Land

100°W Use
120 Resources
°W
AMERICA 60
°W Commercial farming
Coal Tungsten
Subsistence farming
14
°W
0°
40
Livestock raising Petroleum Platinum
W
160°
20°W
Nomadic herding
Natural gas Gold
W
Forests Chukchi
Iron ore Copper
180°
North
0°
Sea
80°N 20°E
Manufacturing
Pole and trade
N Nickel Lead
Arctic
Commercial fishing
70°N
°E
160
Little or no activity Bauxite Zinc
Oc e a n
60°N
East
40 Be r i ng
°E SiberianManganese Tin
E
Se a
0°
14
Sea
60° °E
E 120
EUROPE 80°E 100°E
N
Barents Laptev
Sea
B a l t i c S ea Reindeer Sea Kara
Reindeer
Sea
St.Petersburg N
RUSSIA
CLE
Flax CIR
A R C T IC S ea o f

Corn Moscow O k h o t sk
Nizhniy
50
°N
Novgorod
Barley Oats
Kazan Perm
Samara N
Tyumen
R U S S I A
Rostov Wheat
Chelyabinsk
Wheat Wheat Lake
Baikal
N
Novosibirsk
Irkutsk Sheep
N Vladivostok
n Sea
40
°N
Sea of
Caspia
Japan
(East Sea)
CENTRAL
ASIA
EAST
East China
30°
N ASIA Sea
Pacific
0 mi. 1,000
Ocean
0 km 1,000
Two-Point Equidistant projection
24. How does the presence of chernozem in southwestern Russia explain the
extensive agricultural activity in this area?
25. Based on this map, why do you think most of Russia’s people live in the
southwest?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Population and Culture

A B
1. group represented by more than 80 percent of A. ethnic Russians
the people of Russia
2. ethnic group that includes Chechens and B. Siberia
Dagestanis
C. Turkic peoples
3. second-largest family of ethnic groups in Russia
4. the era between 1922 and 1991 D. Caucasian peoples

5. region that makes up the majority of Russia’s
land and 20 percent of its people E. Soviet

(10 points each)
6. Today is the official language of Russia.

a. Slavic c. Muscovy
b. Russian d. Ukrainian
7. What religious belief did the Soviet government promote?

a. Eastern Orthodoxy c. Islam
b. atheism d. Judaism
8. What percentage of Russians live in western Russia?

9. Russia’s population distribution is strongly influenced by

a. the demands of world trade. c. the Pacific Ocean.
b. its ethnic and religious diversity. d. its physical environment.
10. Ethnic Russians are part of which larger ethnic group?

a. Slavs c. Turkic
b. Caucasians d. Ukrainians

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
History and Government

A B
1. German philosopher who advocated a society led by A. Karl Marx
workers
B. Joseph Stalin
2. loose union of city-states organized by the Varangians
C. Kievan Rus
3. fortress built in Moscow by Ivan the Great
4. people who drove out the Mongols in the late 1400s D. Kremlin
5. leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin’s death E. Muscovites

(10 points each)
6. In 1989 many satellite countries in eastern Europe

a. made a new alliance with the c. overthrew their communist rulers.
Soviet Union.

b. established the European Union. d. attacked Moscow and other cities.
7. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the government

a. took over all the factories c. exercised much greater control over
and farms. the economy.
b. began moving toward a d. demanded that all trade with other
market economy. nations cease.
8. The United States and the Soviet Union

a. avoided outright conflict during c. both benefited from the Cold War.
the Cold War.
b. fought each other in the Battle d. disbanded their nuclear arsenals during
of Moscow. the Cold War.
9. Under Peter the Great, Russia in the late 1600s.

a. stretched its resources too far c. joined the Soviet Union
and became a weak nation
b. added territory, strengthened the d. lost territory but increased trade
military, and increased trade with Europe
10. During the 1800s many non-Russian ethnic groups, especially Jews,
a. enjoyed new-found freedoms. c. joined the military forces of Poland.
b. gained political power. d. faced prejudice and harsh treatment.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of Russia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. self-rule A. ethnic group
2. philosophy calling for greater economic
equality in society B. satellite
3. a group that shares a common ancestry,

C. pogrom
language, religion, or customs
4. organized persecution and massacres of Jewish D. socialism
people under the czars
5. country once controlled by the Soviet Union E. sovereignty

6. Russia’s historical roots date back to the

a. 400s B.C. c. A.D. 800s.

b. A.D. 600s. d. 1000s B.C.
7. What is the second-largest religion in Russia today?

a. Islam c. Buddhism
b. Christianity d. Judaism
8. During the late 1700s, the Russian nobility

a. adopted the Muslim religion c. rejected western Europe as a decadent
and customs. culture.
b. adopted western European ways. d. embraced the ideas of Karl Marx.
9. Ethnic make up 80 percent of Russia’s population.

a. Caucasians c. Turkic peoples
b. Serbs d. Russians
10. The uneven distribution of population in Russia is due to

a. government laws about housing. c. the physical environment.
b. the country’s level of economic d. the country’s standard of living.
development.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. As believers in communism, Bolsheviks

a. proposed a new society in which c. immigrated to Russia from other
corporations had power. places.
b. supported the czars. d. wanted a new society led by workers.
12. What was Kievan Rus?
a. an influential Russian czar of c. the first agricultural commune
the 1400s established by the Bolsheviks
b. a union of city-states organized d. a rank of nobility that only a czar
by the Varangians could bestow
13. The Russian Revolution in 1917
a. installed the Eastern Orthodox c. immediately established the USSR.
Church as the center of power
in Russia.
b. forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate d. made Peter the Great the leader of
the throne. the country’s new government.
14. After the fall of the Soviet Union,
a. ethnic conflicts and separatist c. the nation achieved a level of stability
movements threatened stability. never seen before.
b. most Soviet satellites chose to d. most Russians wanted to return to the
remain part of Russia. Soviet system.
III. Critical Thinking Questions RELIGIONS IN RUSSIA


separate sheet of paper. Buddhism
republic of Kalmykia
15. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships What republic of Buryatia
are some of the factors that led Russians to revolt
in the early 1900s?
Russian Orthodox Christian
16. Making Generalizations What general statement ethnic Russians
could you make about Russian religious life after western Russia
the breakup of the Soviet Union?
Islam
IV. Applying Skills southern regions
Reading Charts Use the chart on the right to answer Caucasus
the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. areas north of Kazakhstan
17. Within Russia, where do most Muslims live?
Judaism
18. What is the main religion of ethnic Russians?
Many have left Russia because
19. Why have many Jewish people left the country? of persecution.
400,000–700,000 in Russia in 2009

Name Date Class

Tatars make up 48 percent of Tatarstan’s 3.7 million population. Russians
are 43 percent. The ratio is close, but the Russians are worried....[T]he
Tatar birthrate is 40 percent higher than the Russian, and efforts to revive
Tatar ways... will surely erode Russian influence.
—Mike Edwards, “Russia: Playing by New Rules,” National
Geographic, March 1993
20. Based on this quotation, why would Russia worry that Tatarstan might
want to separate from Russia?
Reading a Time Line Use the time line below to answer the
TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD
1891 Construction begins
1900 Line opens using boats to cross Lake Baikal
1903 Shortcut opens through Manchuria
1904 Workers finish section around Lake Baikal
1916 Train travel begins along original route in Russia
1950s Electrification of rail line begins
21. In what year did travel begin on the Trans-Siberian Railroad?

22. How many years after the start of construction were trains running along
the originally planned route?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Russia: Religions
Atheist: 5.0% Nonreligious: Muslim: 8.2%

25.8% Protestant: 0.9%
Traditional
beliefs: 0.8% Other: 1.2%
Ukrainian Jewish: 0.6%
Orthodox: 0.9% Roman
Russian Catholic: 1.0%
Orthodox:
53.1%
Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica 2009.
23. What percentage of the Russian population is Muslim?

24. Explain why there are so few Jews in Russia.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of Russia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. form of government in the Soviet Union A. socialist realism
2. belief that there is no God or other supreme being

B. intelligentsia
3. struggle between the Soviet Union and the United
States for world influence C. Cold War
4. a style of art and literature that glorified Soviet ideals
D. communism
and goals
5. intellectual elite in the Soviet Union E. atheism

6. Ethnic Russians are part of a

a. larger group called Poles. c. significant minority in Russia.

b. smaller group known as d. larger group called Slavs.
Caucasians.
7. The majority of Russia’s population lives

a. in Siberia. c. between the Ural Mountains and
Belarus and Ukraine.
b. east of the Ural Mountains and d. along the coastal areas of the
south of Kazakhstan. North Sea.
8. The ideas of are the basis for communism.

a. Joseph Stalin c. Catherine the Great
b. Boris Yeltsin d. Karl Marx
9. Russia’s first crowned czar was

a. Peter the Great. c. Nicholas II.
b. Ivan the Terrible. d. Alexander II.
10. Catherine the Great gained a long-sought

a. audience with the Queen c. warm-water port on the Black Sea.
of England.
b. river system that connected d. railroad line across Siberia.
Moscow with Siberia. (continued)

Name Date Class
11. The Soviet government actively promoted , or the belief that there is no
God or other supreme being.
a. atheism c. sovereignty
b. pogroms d. socialist realism
12. Which Russian holiday celebrates the coming of spring?

a. Christmas c. Easter
b. Maslenitsa d. May Day
13. Caucasian peoples live

a. along the Lena River in Siberia. c. in the middle Volga area of Russia.
b. in the Caucasus region of d. in Tatarstan, a western
southwestern Russia. Russian republic.
14. The Turkic peoples in Russia include the Tatars, Chuvash,

a. Poles, and Sakha. c. Ukrainians, and Dagestanis.
b. Bashkirs, and Chechens. d. Bashkirs, and Sakha.
15. Christmas reemerged as a religious holiday for Eastern Orthodox Christians in

Russia in
a. 1918. c. 1924.
b. 1991. d. 1953.

RELIGIONS IN RUSSIA
separate sheet of paper. Buddhism
republic of Kalmykia
16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships What republic of Buryatia
were some of the results of persecution of Jewish
people under the czars and the Soviet Union?
Russian Orthodox Christian
17. Making Inferences Why did the Soviet Union ethnic Russians
limit artistic expression? western Russia
Islam
IV. Applying Skills southern regions
Reading Charts Use the chart on the right to answer Caucasus
the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. areas north of Kazakhstan
18. In which two republics do most Buddhists live?
Judaism
19. How many Jewish people lived in Russia in 2009?
Many have left Russia because
20. Why is Islam, rather than one of the other of persecution.
religions, so prevalent in the southern regions? 400,000–700,000 in Russia in 2009

Name Date Class
DEMOGRAPHICS IN EASTERN EUROPE

Infant Life Expectancy
Mortality Rate Population
(per 1,000 Growth
Country births) Male Female Rate (%)
Russia 11.06 59.12 73.03 ⫺0.484
Poland 7.07 71.18 79.44 ⫺0.046
Czech Republic 3.86 73.14 79.88 ⫺0.071
Albania 20.02 74.95 80.53 0.529
Ukraine 9.5 62.16 73.96 ⫺0.675
Source: The World Factbook 2008, www.cia.gov.
21. Which of the countries shown in the table has the lowest overall life
expectancy, including both males and females?
22. How does Russia’s infant mortality rate compare to that of the Czech
Republic?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Graph Use the graph below to answer the

Russia: Religions
Atheist: 5.0% Nonreligious: Muslim: 8.2%

25.8% Protestant: 0.9%
Traditional
beliefs: 0.8% Other: 1.2%
Ukrainian Jewish: 0.6%
Orthodox: 0.9% Roman
Russian Catholic: 1.0%
Orthodox:
53.1%
Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica 2009.
23. What percentage of the Russian population is Muslim?

The Bolshevik dream finally ended with Mikhail Gorbachev’s program of

glasnost, or openness, which allowed citizens to speak freely for the first
time in decades. All the carefully constructed “truths” began to unravel,
and there was no turning back.

—Dusko Doder, “The Bolshevik Revolution,” National Geographic,
October 1992
24. In the context of this passage, what was the “Bolshevik dream”?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. things needed for everyday life A. command economy
2. farms where farmers shared profits B. privatization
3. system in which the government makes key
C. consumer goods
economic decisions
4. illegal trade for scarce goods D. black market
5. process that reduces government-owned companies E. kolkhozes

(10 points each)
6. Why is public transportation important in Russia?

a. Many people own cars. c. The government gives away cars to
most people.
b. Most people live in cities, and d. Public transportation is entirely funded

many do not own cars. by private companies.
7. Under the Soviet Union, most people worked

a. seven days a week. c. for themselves.
b. on ships bound for other d. in state-run factories or farms.
countries.
8. Russia’s main item(s) for international trade

a. is energy. c. are agricultural products.
b. is machinery. d. are high-tech items.
9. Between 1990 and 1995, Russia’s GDP

a. increased by 50 percent. c. stayed essentially the same.
b. fell by 50 percent. d. had little impact on the lives of the
Russian people.
10. The Soviet Union made its main economic focus.

a. heavy industry c. mining metals for export
b. the arts d. building highways throughout
the country

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. body of water into which Soviet nuclear materials A. World Bank
were dumped
B. Bering Sea
2. chemicals used to kill crop-damaging pests
3. “the Pearl of Siberia” and site of polluting paper C. Lake Baikal
pulp factory
D. pesticides
4. site of a mining operation that is opposed by many
5. organization trying to help Russia manage its forests E. Kamchatka

(10 points each)
6. What is Russia’s main environmental challenge today?

a. continuing the conservation c. managing its resources without
policies of the Soviet Union disregarding the environment
b. increasing industrial production d. stopping the use of nuclear and

to spare forests and farmland hydroelectric power sources
7. The Soviet Union between 1949 and 1987.
a. banned nuclear explosions c. decreased dependence on nuclear power
b. set off more than 600 nuclear d. had fewer nuclear weapons than most
explosions countries in the world
8. After the Chernobyl accident, Soviet leaders
a. shut down all nuclear power c. did not open some new nuclear
plants. reactors.
b. built new nuclear power plants d. ignored protests from countries that
with stronger safeguards. had been affected by leaked radiation.
9. People who live around Lake Baikal have
a. been pleased with industrial c. ignored environmental damage to
growth around the lake. the lake.
b. protested the closure of plants d. protested pollution of the lake and forced
that has cost them jobs. some of the worst offenders to close.
10. The Soviet disregard for the effects of industrialization
a. helped restore the nation’s c. severely damaged the country’s air,
environment. water, and soil.
b. had little effect on the air, land, d. was halted by protesters during
and water. the 1950s.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: Russia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. large factory farm A. privatization
2. good needed for everyday life B. sovkhoz
3. change from state-run to privately owned companies
C. command economy
4. small farm worked by farmers
D. kolkhoz
5. system under which the government makes all key
economic decisions E. consumer good

6. Russia depends primarily upon for transportation.

a. cars and trucks c. railroads and waterways
b. airplanes and cars d. subways and trucks
7. Russia’s air, water, and soil were damaged by

a. the Russian Revolution. c. the program called perestroika.
b. Soviet disregard for the effects d. free market forces for change from
of industrialization. within the Soviet Union.
8. Since Mikhail Gorbachev came to power, Russia has been moving toward
a. a market economy. c. a command economy.
b. a black market economy. d. an industrial economy.
9. Which statement about Lake Baikal is TRUE?

a. It was formed by a man-made c. It is home to a very small number
dam. of plant and animal species.
b. It holds one-fifth of the world’s d. It is a vacation destination for
freshwater. many Russians.
10. Under the Soviet system, the government

a. controlled all forms of mass c. controlled editorials but not the
communication. reporting of news.
b. allowed newspapers to print d. encouraged access to a wide variety
whatever they wanted. of news sources.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Why is public transportation important in Russia?

a. Private ownership of automobiles c. Nobody commutes to work.
is forbidden.
b. The fares help fund social d. Most people live in cities and do not
welfare programs. own cars.
12. Russia is a major producer of which of these minerals?

a. nickel c. silver
b. diamonds d. gold
13. Russian farmland and water have been damaged by

a. overuse of fertilizers and c. severe weather swept in by global
pesticides. wind currents.
b. increased organic farming. d. tourism.
14. Within Russia, are the primary means of transporting crude oil and
natural gas.
a. trucks b. airplanes c. ships d. pipelines
15. Russia’s major trading partners include

a. Brazil, France, and Iraq. c. Israel, Syria, and Jordan.
b. Japan, the European Union, and d. other former Soviet republics,
the United States. Canada, and Brazil.

16. Drawing Conclusions In what way are the Soviet and market economy
farming systems the same?
17. Making Inferences Why is it difficult for Russia to shift to a market
economy after being under a command economy for so many years?
IV. Applying Skills

Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to RUSSIAN ECONOMIES
sheet of paper. Command Market
18. What types of economies are named in Government made key Businesses were
the chart? economic decisions. privatized.
Government owned all People could start small
19. Under what type of economy did Gosplan businesses. businesses.
control prices? How are prices determined Gosplan controlled Supply and demand
in Russia’s new market economy? prices. determined prices.
Yeltsin removed 90 percent
20. How does the ownership of businesses of price controls.
differ between the two economies?

Name Date Class

Russia: Economic Activity
NORTH 80°W Land

100°W Use
120 Resources
°W
AMERICA 60
°W Commercial farming
Coal Tungsten
Subsistence farming
14
°W
0°
40
Livestock raising Petroleum Platinum
W
160°
Nomadic herding
20°W
Natural gas Gold

W
Forests Chukchi
Iron ore Copper
180°
North Sea
0°
80°N 20°E
Manufacturing
Pole and trade
N Nickel Lead
Commercial fishing
70°N
Arctic
E °
160
Little or no activity Bauxite Zinc
East
60°N
Ocean B ering
40
°E SiberianManganese Tin Sea
E
0°
Sea
14
60° °E
E 120
EUROPE 80°E 100°E
N
Barents Laptev
Sea
B a l t i c S ea Reindeer Sea Kara
Reindeer
Sea
St.Petersburg N
RUSSIA
CLE
Flax CIR
A R C T IC S ea of
Corn Moscow O k h ot s k
Nizhniy
50
°N
Novgorod
Barley Oats
Kazan Perm
Samara N
Tyumen
R U S S I A
Rostov Wheat
Chelyabinsk
Wheat Wheat Lake
Baikal
N
Novosibirsk
Irkutsk Sheep
Vladivostok
n Sea
40
N
°N
Sea of
Caspia
Japan
(East Sea)
CENTRAL
ASIA
EAST
East China
30°
N ASIA Sea
Pacific
0 mi. 1,000
Ocean
0 km 1,000
21. Where are most of Russia’s oil reserves?

22. What is one way that Russia’s oil industry can help industries using the
other resources shown on this map?
(continued)

Name Date Class

Lake Baikal is a symbol, Sasha told me once, of all the things that give
Siberian life its distinct sweetness—the natural beauty, the purity of open
air, the hardy generosity of the people and the poetry in their collective
soul. “This is what Russians mean when they talk about the Motherland,”
he said. “And nothing, nothing is more precious to us than that.”
—Don Belt, “Russia’s Lake Baikal: The World’s Great Lake,” National
Geographic, June 1992
23. What is threatening Lake Baikal?
24. Why is Lake Baikal considered a natural wonder by Russians and the
global community?
The end of the Cold War has enabled aircraft to begin using a set of four
polar routes. . . . “We anticipate that using polar routes will save passen-
gers significant flying time. Airlines will use less fuel and that will mean
significant savings on each flight.”. . . [For example,] airlines traveling from
Toronto to Beijing will travel . . . 3,013 nautical miles through Russian and
Chinese airspace.
—“End of Cold War Opens Polar Routes,” SpaceDaily, October
2000, www.spacedaily.com/news/arctic-00b.html
25. Why would the end of the Cold War—or the Soviet system—open up
Russian air space?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: Russia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. way to purchase scarce or illegal goods A. nuclear waste
2. chemical used to kill crop-damaging pests
B. radioactive material
3. material contaminated by residue from the
generation of nuclear energy C. market economy
4. by-product of producing nuclear power
D. pesticide
5. system under which businesses are privately
owned E. black market

6. Boris Yeltsin removed 90 percent of price controls and encouraged

a. black market. c. privatization.
b. socialism. d. a global economy.
7. Major cities are found where the Trans-Siberian Railroad

a. crosses large rivers. c. begins in western Russia.
b. travels through mountain passes. d. ends in eastern Russia.
8. The Soviets dumped into the Barents, Baltic, and Bering Seas.
a. old tires c. radioactive materials
b. nonindigenous fish d. tea
9. Many Russians who could do so have invested their profits from privatization
a. in military technology. c. back into their companies.
b. in rare coins. d. outside Russia.
10. Global warming is causing the permafrost in to melt.

a. the Kola Peninsula c. Siberia
b. the Northern European Plain d. Moscow
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Without controls during the 1990s, prices on Russian consumer goods
a. soared, and many people could c. stayed where they had been during
not afford to buy the goods. the 1980s.
b. fell to all-time lows. d. fell, but not dramatically.
12. When Vladimir Putin became president of Russia in 1999, the country needed
a. to build more nuclear power c. to weaken its military.
plants.
b. to lend more money out to d. a stronger banking system.
foreign countries.
13. The black market in Russia is a(n)
a. legal open-air trading market c. market for goods that no longer
in most cities. exist.
b. illegal low-cost trade center. d. illegal trade in scarce or illegal goods.
14. Boris Yeltsin

a. spoke out strongly against c. decided not to interfere in the market
privatization. economy.
b. expanded upon Gorbachev’s d. reinstated some government controls
plan toward a market economy. that were reduced by Gorbachev.
15. A Soviet-era farm that was worked by farmers who shared, to a degree, in the
farm’s production and profits was called a
a. kolkhoz. c. commercial farm.
b. sovkhoz. d. subsistence farm.

16. Comparing and Contrasting What were the differences between
the sovkhozes and the kolkhozes under Soviet rule? What kept
workers on the sovkhozes from being motivated to work hard?
17. Making Generalizations On what two systems does Russia primarily
depend for transportation? Why?
IV. Applying Skills RUSSIAN ECONOMIES

answer the following questions on a separate Command Market
sheet of paper. Government made key Businesses were
economic decisions. privatized.
18. Which type of economy includes
Government owned all People could start small
privatization of businesses?
businesses. businesses.
19. How does the ownership of business differ Gosplan controlled Supply and demand
between the two economies? prices. determined prices.
Yeltsin removed 90 percent
20. What did Yeltsin do to move Russia of price controls.
further into a market economy?

Name Date Class
Reading a Time Line Use the time line below to answer the following
1987 Transition begins

1988 Shift of power
1991 Failed coup; Soviet republics declare independence
1992 Economic instability; prices soar
1993 Privatization
1994 Unemployment rises to 7.7%
1996 Unemployment climbs to 9.9%
1998 Financial crisis: ruble plummets; unemployment reaches 12.3%
1999 Economic recovery
2000 Putin takes control; cracks down on corruption
21. What happened to unemployment during Russia’s transition to a

market economy?
22. What happened to prices in Russia in the early 1990s? How did this affect
ordinary Russians?
23. According to the time line, in what year did Russian unemployment reach
its highest point?
24. The time line shows that the Russian ruble plummeted in value in 1998.
The sharp drop meant that Russia was unable to make payments on its
debt. Explain why these events led Russia to seek loans from other
nations.

Freedom of enterprise was from the beginning not altogether a blessing.

As the liberty to work or to starve, it spelled toil, insecurity, and fear for
the vast majority of the population.
—Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man,
www.marcuse.org/herbert/pubs/64onedim/odm1.html
25. Explain how this passage could be applied to the experience of ordinary
Russians in the post-Soviet economy.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Russia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. “restructuring” A. perestroika
2. government program that required people to B. kolkhoz
speak Russian
C. Bolshevik
3. revolutionary group led by Lenin
4. term for greater political openness D. Russification
5. small Soviet farm E. glasnost

6. Russia is the
a. largest continent in the world. c. largest country in the world.
b. second-largest country in d. country in Europe with the best

the world. highway system.
7. The is a layer of subsoil that is always frozen.

a. frostsoil c. subarctic chernozem
b. ice d. permafrost
8. Pogroms were the planned persecution and massacre of

a. Russian Jews. c. communists.
b. Orthodox Christians. d. immigrants from western Europe.
9. Islam has the of any religion in Russia today.

a. most followers c. second-highest membership
b. fewest followers d. most rapidly declining membership
10. A sovkhoz was a

a. large factory under the c. game preserve created for the
Soviet Union. exclusive use of the czars.
b. factory farm run by the d. refugee camp during the civil war
Soviet government. in Russia.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 5, Form A Test
11. What factor contributes to poor water quality in Russia?

a. deforestation c. building pipelines
b. demolishing dams d. massive flooding
12. The Volga River connects Moscow with which body of water?
a. the Black Sea c. the Atlantic Ocean
b. the Mediterranean Sea d. the Caspian Sea
13. The are one of the Turkic peoples in Russia.

a. Chechens c. Tatars
b. Dagestanis d. Serbs
14. Who was Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn?

a. a painter who depicted Russian c. a composer who wrote the
landscapes and people Nutcracker Suite
b. a writer who was punished d. a dancer who performed with the
by the Soviets Bolshoi Ballet
15. The Kamchatka Peninsula is

a. between the Black and c. a tropical zone in eastern Russia.
Caspian Seas.
b. an area containing many d. very close to Moscow.
active volcanoes.

16. Drawing Conclusions How can art be used by a communist government

to further its cause?
17. Making Inferences Why did many Russian people return to religious
practice after the breakup of the Soviet Union?
IV. Applying Skills Chronology of Pollution Events

Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the in the Soviet Union and Russia
separate sheet of paper. 1949–1987 explosions of 600 nuclear bombs
18. According to the time line, what happened 1957 paper pulp factory announced for Lake
in 1986? Baikal
19. What did the Soviet Union do between 1986 Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident
1949 and 1987?
2000 Chernobyl reactor shut down
20. How many years passed between the
announcement of the paper pulp factory
at Lake Baikal and the Chernobyl accident?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Russia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a large, distinct ethnic group within a country A. ethnic group
2. supreme leader of Russia before the creation of the
B. communism
Soviet Union
3. an illegal way to buy scarce goods C. black market
4. philosophy of Karl Marx
D. czar
5. people that share a common ancestry, language,
religion, and customs E. nationality

6. What is the taiga?

a. a huge lake in Siberia c. an enormous region of forest land
b. a resort area on the Baltic Sea d. an exclusive section of Moscow
7. The term tundra refers to a

a. land with lush vegetation and c. dry, desolate desert in eastern Russia.
a high agricultural yield.
b. resort area in southern Russia d. vast, treeless plain in the far north.
with many lakes and streams.
8. Russia has because most of the country is far from any ocean.
a. few coastal areas c. hot summers and mild winters
b. extreme variations in temperature d. difficulty producing enough crops
to feed its own people
9. The main idea behind is that economic wealth should be distributed

more evenly.
a. socialism c. glasnost
b. capitalism d. Romanticism
10. Which statement is true of a market economy?

a. All means of production are c. Prices are set by a committee of
owned by the state. business leaders.
b. Businesses are privately owned. d. Corporations are controlled by
governments.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 5, Form B Test
11. The Cold War

a. made little impact upon the daily c. lasted for 40 years.
lives of Soviet citizens.
b. lasted for almost 10 years. d. strengthened the Soviet Union’s
standing in international opinion.
12. Prince Vladimir adopted of Russia.
a. Islam as the religion c. Judaism as the religion
b. Orthodox Christianity as d. Hinduism and Buddhism as
the religion official religions
13. The Turkic people are the
a. largest family of ethnic c. smallest ethnic group in Russia.
groups in Russia.
b. most vigorously persecuted d. second-largest family of ethnic groups
of all Russians. in Russia.
14. Slavs include
a. ethnic Russians, Poles, and Serbs. c. Chechens and Bashkirs.
b. Tatars and Caucasians. d. Sakha and Chuvash.
15. The move from is known as privatization.

a. privately run companies to c. state-run companies to privately
state-run companies run companies
b. a market economy to a d. capitalism to communism
command economy

16. Summarizing the Main Idea In one sentence, explain what is meant by
the term command economy.
17. Making Generalizations In general, what is the climate of Russia like,
and how does that climate affect human activity there?
IV. Applying Skills Chronology of Pollution Events

Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the in the Soviet Union and Russia
separate sheet of paper. 1949–1987 explosions of 600 nuclear bombs
18. According to the time line, what happened 1957 paper pulp factory announced for Lake
in 1957? Baikal
19. How many nuclear bombs were exploded 1986 Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident
2000 Chernobyl reactor shut down
20. What overall picture do you get from the
time line about pollution in Russia?

Name Date Class
Pretest
North Africa, Southwest Asia,
and Central Asia
A B
1. desert A. embargo
2. place of worship in Islamic religion B. mosque
3. the blocking of exports and imports as a
political move C. alluvial soil
4. rich soil deposited by moving water D. phosphate

5. streambed that remains dry until a heavy rain E. wadi
6. a place in the desert where underground water
surfaces F. kum
7. petroleum products used for making paints and G. oasis

plastics
H. petrochemicals
8. the raising and grazing of livestock
9. nomadic desert herder I. bedouin

10. a chemical used in fertilizers J. pastoralism
11. Current land disputes in the Eastern Mediterranean exist between

a. Israelis and Palestinians. c. Palestinians and Arabs.
b. Israelis and Iraqis. d. Palestinians and Kuwaitis.
12. Where is Egypt located?

a. directly north of Morocco c. on the west coast of the African
continent
b. on the western Saudi d. at the eastern edge of North Africa
Arabian Peninsula
13. Farmland in Syria, Turkey, and Iraq is irrigated by
a. the Nile River. c. aquifers.
b. the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. d. wadis.
14. The was a trade route that connected Europe, Central Asia, and China.
a. Persian Empire c. Fertile Crescent
b. Mesopotamia d. Silk Road
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 6, Pretest
15. Which of the following groups consider Jerusalem a holy city?

a. Christians and Jews c. Christians, Muslims, and Jews
b. Muslims and Jews d. Jews, Buddhists, and Hindus
16. Raw material for compact discs, crayons, and house paint comes from
a. natural gas. c. phosphates.
b. petroleum. d. coal.
17. Many countries near the Persian Gulf use freshwater produced by
a. aquifers. c. desalination.
b. heavy annual rains. d. evaporation.
18. The Persian Gulf War began when

a. Saudi Arabia invaded Iran. c. Kuwait invaded Iraq.
b. Americans invaded Iraq. d. Iraq invaded Kuwait.
19. Oil is transported from its source to refineries by

a. trucks. c. trains.
b. pipelines. d. tankers.
20. The Sahara is

a. the world’s largest desert. c. a desert located north of Yemen.
b. a desert in southern Africa. d. one of the world’s largest deserts.

21. Making Generalizations How would you describe the overall climate
and vegetation of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia?
22. Drawing Conclusions How are the economies of this region interrelated
with those in Europe and the United States?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. landmass separated from Africa by the Red Sea A. Anatolia
and the Gulf of Aden
B. Sinai Peninsula
2. black sand desert in Turkmenistan
3. landmass that points west to the Aegean Sea C. Arabian Peninsula
4. red sand desert in Uzbekistan

D. Kyzyl Kum
5. landmass flanked by the Gulf of Suez and the
Gulf of Aqaba E. Kara-Kum

(10 points each)
6. The are Africa’s longest mountain range.

a. Caucasus Mountains c. Atlas Mountains
b. Hejaz Mountains d. Asir Mountains
7. The Dead Sea is

a. a landlocked freshwater sea. c. open to the Mediterranean Sea.
b. open to the Persian Gulf. d. a landlocked salt water sea.
8. The Sea is Earth’s largest inland body of water.

a. Black c. Mediterranean
b. Caspian d. Aegean
9. The longest river in the world is the

a. Tigris. c. Euphrates.
b. Jordan. d. Nile.
10. Tectonic movement

I. created the Mediterranean Sea.
II. created the Red Sea.
III. continues to shape the region today.
a. II c. II and III
b. I and II d. I, II, and III

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. flat sandstone plateau A. erg
2. stony plain covered with rocky gravel B. oasis
3. place where water surfaces in the desert C. hamada
4. sandy, dune-covered area D. reg
5. Arabian Peninsula desert E. Rub‘ al Khali

(10 points each)
6. In desert regions grow.

a. no plants at all c. grazing grasses
b. cacti and drought-resistant shrubs d. citrus trees and palm trees

7. Most rainfall in the region of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia occurs
a. in the steppe and coastal regions. c. in the highlands and the northern
regions.
b. in the coastal and highlands d. along the coast.
regions.
8. A steppe climate receives about inches of rain annually.

a. less than 14 c. between 20 and 25
b. between 15 and 20 d. more than 25
9. Which statement about the southern Caspian Sea is accurate?

a. Its coastal plain has a c. It is subject to the rain shadow effect.
Mediterranean climate.
b. It is surrounded by d. Winters are mild and dry.
tropical grassland.
10. The Sahara

a. has existed for a million years. c. was created by overgrazing goats
and sheep.
b. covers most of North Africa. d. is located in southern Africa.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. climate zone that receives less than 14 inches (36 cm) A. steppe
of rain annually
2. climate zone that is cooler and wetter than other B. Mediterranean
climates of this region
C. desert
3. climate that attracts visitors to Morocco
4. climate zone that includes the Rub‘ al Khali D. highland
5. a place in the desert where underground water
surfaces E. oasis

6. What does the name Mesopotamia mean?

a. “land of many animals” c. “land of first civilizations”
b. “fertile land” d. “land between two rivers”
7. Deserts cover almost of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia.
a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 50 percent d. 70 percent
8. The separate the Arabian Peninsula from Africa.

a. Aegean Sea and the Red Sea c. Red Sea and the Black Sea
b. Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden d. Black Sea and the Gulf of Aden
9. Which mountain range extends across Morocco and Algeria?

a. Taurus Mountains c. Zagros Mountains
b. Atlas Mountains d. Caucasus Mountains
10. Which side of the Atlas Mountains receives enough precipitation to water the
coastal regions?
a. western b. southern c. northern d. eastern
11. The Hejaz and Asir mountain ranges stretch along the coast of which peninsula?
a. Sinai b. Asian c. Persian d. Arabian (continued)

Name Date Class
12. Today, about of Egypt’s people live on 3 percent of its land.

13. A climate receives an average of 10 inches (25 cm) of rain or less per year.
a. steppe b. highland c. desert d. Mediterranean
14. How much of the world’s known oil reserves lie beneath North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia?
a. about 5 percent c. about 50 percent
b. about 7 percent d. about 60 percent
15. A place in the desert where underground water surfaces is called

a. an oasis. c. a wadi.
b. a reg. d. a hamada.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships How has tectonic

movement affected the land and people of North Africa, Southwest Asia,
and Central Asia?
17. Making Inferences How have climate changes in the region altered the
North African landscape over the centuries?

IV. Applying Skills
Climates of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia

Weather Surface Avg. High Temp. Avg. Low Temp. Avg. Annual
Station Elevation (ft.) (°F) in July (°F) in Jan. Precipitation (in.)
Algiers, Algeria 72 82 48 31.0
Almaty, Kazakhstan N/A 81 7 24.0
Cairo, Egypt 209 97 46 1.0
Damascus, Syria 2,001 97 36 8.6
Istanbul, Turkey 157 82 37 33.0
Tehran, Iran 3,950 99 27 10.0
Source: Atlasweather.com
18. Which city has the lowest average temperature in January?

19. Which city has the highest average annual precipitation? What is the figure?
20. What generalization can be made about the elevations in Southwest Asia?
In North Africa?

Name Date Class

After three weeks the sun-baked land of the burr abruptly gave way to
towering sand dunes. We had reached the Great Erg of Bilma. At this
point we were acutely conscious that we were, at last, in real
camel country.
—John Hare, National Geographic Magazine, December 2002
21. What is the most significant feature of the region Hare describes?
Oil is not a new discovery here; Marco Polo noted its abundance 700
years ago. Oil and related natural gas lie under the Caspian waters and
shore in two zones, one extending from Baku east toward Turkmenistan
and the other westward from Kazakhstan under the waters of the northern
end of the sea.
—Robert Cullen, The Rise and Fall of the Caspian Sea, 1999
22. What factors of the region’s physical and cultural geography make it
difficult to produce and transport oil from the Caspian Sea?
(continued)

Name Date Class
50°N
Vegetation Map of North Africa
20°W
40°N
Atlantic
Ocean Medi
te
rr
an
ean
OROCCO
MOROCCO TUNISIA
TU Sea
30°N
ALGERIA
LIBYA
EGYPT
Re
d
Se
20°N
a
Tropical forest
Chaparral
0 mi. 1,000
Tropical grassland
0 km 1,000 Temperate grassland
Desert scrub and

N desert waste
23. Where is the only country in North Africa in which you will find tropical
grassland?
24. What vegetation zone surrounds the Nile River?
25. Where is chaparral found?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of North Africa,
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. body of water that lies between Uzbekistan and A. Black Sea
Kazakhstan
2. body of water bordering northern Libya B. Caspian Sea
3. body of water that separates the Arabian
Peninsula from Egypt C. Aral Sea
4. body of water that is bordered by Turkey and
Georgia D. Mediterranean Sea
5. body of water that is bordered in part by
Turkmenistan and Iran E. Red Sea

6. The is the largest landlocked body of salt water in the world.

a. Persian Gulf b. Black Sea c. Red Sea d. Caspian Sea
7. The Mountains rise north of Mount Ararat between the Black Sea and
Caspian Sea.
a. Zagros b. Atlas c. Pontiac d. Caucasus
8. The Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba flank the Peninsula.
a. Arabian b. Sinai c. Anatolian d. Mediterranean
9. is a way of life for people living in the steppe climate zone.

a. Pastoralism c. Growing crops
b. Mining d. Tourism
10. One of the region’s wettest places is in

a. Saudi Arabia. b. Algeria. c. Turkey. d. Georgia.
11. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run mostly through

a. Yemen. c. Iraq.
b. Egypt. d. Kazakhstan.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Runoff from infrequent rainstorms creates , streambeds that remain dry
until a heavy rain.
a. wadis b. ergs c. regs d. hamada
13. A climate borders the Sahara to the north and the south.
a. desert c. Mediterranean
b. steppe d. humid subtropical
14. The is located at the mouth of the Jordan River.

a. Red Sea b. Caspian Sea c. Dead Sea d. Black Sea
15. The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus Strait connect the
a. Black and Red Seas c. Aegean and Red Seas
b. Aegean and Black Seas d. Caspian and Black Seas

16. Drawing Conclusions Why are earthquakes more common in Turkey,

Iran, and Afghanistan than in countries in North Africa?
17. Categorizing Information List three peninsulas in North Africa, Southwest
Asia, or Central Asia, and give the location of each.

IV. Applying Skills
Climates of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia

Weather Surface Avg. High Temp. Avg. Low Temp. Avg. Annual
Station Elevation (ft.) (°F) in July (°F) in Jan. Precipitation (in.)
Algiers, Algeria 72 82 48 31.0
Almaty, Kazakhstan N/A 81 7 24.0
Cairo, Egypt 209 97 46 1.0
Damascus, Syria 2,001 97 36 8.6
Istanbul, Turkey 157 82 37 33.0
Tehran, Iran 3,950 99 27 10.0
Source: Atlasweather.com
18. Which city has the lowest average annual precipitation? What is the figure?
19. Which city has the highest average temperature in July?
20. Which cities can be considered part of a desert region? Explain.

Name Date Class

As we plodded along, the scrub around us jumped and shimmered in
waves of heat. This and the imagined end of a Ti-n-Toumma horizon
made the endlessly unfolding plateau seem irreducible—like dry bone.
The blue of the sky was veiled in a hot, white haze, and a vindictive
sun smote down on the hard-baked earth and frizzling sand,
evaporating sweat before it left our pores.
—John Hare, “Surviving the Sahara” National Geographic, December
2002
21. What geographic feature of North Africa do you think John Hare is
describing in this excerpt? Why do you think so?
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following questions on
Deadliest Earthquakes in the Region, 2002–2006

Date Location Number of Deaths Magnitude
(Richter Scale)
March 2006 Western Iran 70 6.1
February 2005 Central Iran 612 6.4
May 2004 Northern Iran 35 6.3
February 2004 Near north coast of Morocco 628 6.4
December 2003 Southeastern Iran 31,000 6.6

May 2003 Eastern Turkey 177 6.4
May 2003 Northern Algeria 2,266 6.8
June 2002 Western Iran 261 6.5
April 2002 Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan 50 5.9
March 2002 Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan 166 7.4
March 2002 Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan 1,000 6.1
February 2002 Turkey 44 6.5
Source: World Almanac, infoplease.com
22. Where did the earthquake of the lowest magnitude occur in this region
23. Which of the years shown in the table had the most earthquakes?
24. Where did the most deadly earthquake listed in this table take place?
25. Do earthquakes follow a regular pattern in this region?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
North Africa
A B
1. indigenous culture in North Africa before A. nationalism
Arab invasions
2. people who move from place to place
B. Berber
depending on the season and availability of
food and water
3. nomadic Arabic-speaking people who migrated C. nomads
to North Africa from the Arabian Peninsula
4. belief that an ethnic group has the right to an
D. Arabs
independent country
5. migrated from the Arabian Peninsula to North
Africa in the A.D. 600s E. bedouin

(10 points each)
6. Most of the people in North Africa are

a. Armenians b. Egyptians c. Christians d. Muslims
7. Which statement about the cities of North Africa is accurate?

a. They are undeveloped but thriving.
b. They are small compared to those in many regions of the world.
c. They are challenged to improve their infrastructures.
d. They are growing slowly.
8. The Sumerians used a writing system called to keep records.

a. hieroglyphics b. calligraphy c. pictographs d. cuneiform
9. More than 90 percent of Egypt’s people live

a. in cities built at large oases. c. in the Nile Delta region.
b. along the border with Libya. d. on the Mediterranean coast.
10. The boundaries drawn between Libya, Egypt, and Algeria by European colonial
powers are called
a. geometric boundaries. c. cultural boundaries.
b. natural boundaries. d. longitudinal boundaries.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
The Eastern Mediterranean

A B
1. city along the coast in central Israel A. Beirut
2. Arab territory
B. Damascus
3. coastal city in Lebanon
C. Jerusalem
4. capital and religious center of the kingdom
of Israel
D. Palestine
5. one of the oldest, continuously settled cities
in the world E. Tel Aviv-Jaffa

(10 points each)
6. The dry, desert climate causes most people in the eastern Mediterranean
subregion to live

a. in the interior areas. c. along coastal plains and in the
Euphrates River valley.
b. in and around Damascus d. in the Syrian Desert.
and Amman.
7. As a result of Arab-Israeli conflicts over the territory of Palestine,

a. most Palestinians have c. Palestinians established refugee
converted to Judaism. settlements in Arab countries.
b. Palestinians have set up an d. Palestinian Christian culture has been
independent state. absorbed into Israeli Jewish culture.
8. Which country contains the fewest Arabs?

a. Jordan b. Israel c. Syria d. Lebanon
9. Jews were originally expelled from their homeland by the

a. Palestinians. b. Romans. c. French. d. British.
10. About percent of the Jews in Israel are immigrants.

a. 5 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
The Northeast
A B
1. center where cultures developed and spread A. qanat
outward
B. Sunni
2. underground canal built by the Persians
3. mud-brick temple built by Sumerians C. culture hearth

4. wedge-shaped symbols written on clay tablets
D. ziggurat
5. branch of Islam practiced by most
Turkish Muslims E. cuneiform

(10 points each)
6. The ancient civilization that developed along the eastern Mediterranean coast
around 3000 B.C. and traded widely across the Mediterranean is the
a. Sumerians. b. Phoenicians. c. Persians. d. Ottomans.
7. Many alphabets used in much of the Western world today are based on the
alphabet developed around 3000 B.C. by the
a. Sumerians. b. Phoenicians. c. Arabs. d. Persians.
8. In 1979 Iran’s secular government was overthrown during the

a. Arab-Israeli war. c. Communist Revolution.
b. Islamic Revolution. d. Ottoman Empire.
9. Which ethnic group, settled in the border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran, does
not have their own country?
a. Turks c. Shiites
b. Mesopotamians d. Kurds
10. The natural boundary between the countries of Iraq and Iran is formed by the
a. Atlas Mountains. c. Euphrates River.
b. Zagros Mountains. d. Persian Gulf.

Name Date Class
Section 4 Quiz
The Arabian Peninsula

A B
1. territories ruled by an Islamic religious leader A. Ibadhism
2. countries like Kuwait and Qatar, ruled by princes
B. shari’ ah
3. Islamic Law based on the Quran
C. emirates
4. sect that advocates the literal teachings of the
Quran
D. sheikhdoms
5. Muslim group that chooses their ruler by
communal consensus and consent E. Wahhabi

(10 points each)
6. The majority of the population of the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Kuwait are
a. citizens. c. bedouin.
b. foreign workers. d. Saudis.

7. Population densities in some Saudi Arabian cities and oases can be
a. 30 people per square mile c. 376 people per square mile
(11 per sq. km). (146 per sq. km).
b. 80 people per square mile d. 2,600 people per square mile
(32 per sq. km). (1,000 per sq. km).
8. What is a hajj?
a. a type of law based on the Quran c. a pilgrimage to Makkah made
by most Muslims
b. a ruling family in a constitutional d. a Muslim from South Asia working
principality on the Arabian Peninsula
9. What is the literacy rate in Bahrain?
10. Because of the principles of Islam,
a. mosques and palaces on the c. architecture is the only art form
Arabian Peninsula are undecorated. on the Arabian Peninsula.
b. Muslim artists work in geometric d. there are no artists on the
patterns and floral designs. Arabian Peninsula.

Name Date Class
Section 5 Quiz
Central Asia
A B
1. predominant ethnic group in Afghanistan A. al-Qaeda
2. a trading station on the Silk Road B. Pashtun
3. group of Afghan freedom fighters
C. mujahideen
4. fundamentalist Islamic group that occupied
Afghanistan D. Samarqand
5. terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden E. Taliban
M U LT I P L E C H O I C E : In each blank on the left, write the letter of

(10 points each)
6. Most people in Georgia are
a. Muslims. c. Hindus.
b. Taoists. d. Christians.
7. What was the Silk Road?

a. a trade route connecting the c. a sea route connecting China
Arabian Peninsula with North Africa with the Arabian Peninsula
b. a trade route connecting the d. a trade route connecting China
North Sea with the Baltic Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
8. Because Armenia is a Christian country surrounded by Muslim countries it is
called a(n)
a. enclave. c. anomaly.
b. exclave. d. subculture.
9. Health care in Central Asia has been lacking since the breakup of the Soviet
Union because
a. Central Asian countries have c. Central Asian countries have too
many elderly people. many doctors and hospitals.
b. Central Asian economies cannot d. Central Asian people are traveling
adequately fund health care. to Western Europe for health care.
10. What languages are spoken by most people in Central Asia?
a. a form of Arabic c. a form of the Turkic languages
b. Russian d. Georgian

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of North Africa,
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a Muslim place of worship A. prophet
2. the belief in the right of each people to be an
independent nation B. infrastructure
3. a messenger from God

C. domesticate
4. to adapt plants and animals from the wild for
use by people D. mosque
5. basic urban necessities such as city roads,
buildings, and services E. nationalism

6. was the primary gateway for Arabs migrating in to North Africa.

a. Algeria b. Tunisia c. Egypt d. Libya
7. The independent state of Israel was founded

a. in 1967. b. in 1800. c. in 1932. d. in 1948.
8. In the 1950s, when low oil prices caused payments to be cut to oil-producing
countries, the Gulf states reacted by
a. instituting an oil embargo. c. helping to form the Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries.
b. pumping more oil to increase d. helping to form the League of
revenue. Arab States.
9. More than 90 percent of Egypt’s people live
a. in cities built at large oases. c. in the Nile Delta region.
b. along the border with Libya. d. on the Mediterranean coast.
10. The people indigenous to North Africa before Arab invasions are called
a. nomads b. Moors. c. Berbers. d. bedouins.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. are the dominant sects of Islam in most states on the Arabian
Peninsula.
a. Sunni and Shia. c. Ibadhism and Wahhabi.
b. Shia and Wahhabi. d. Sunni and Ibadhism.
12. Many Central Asian countries declared independence
a. in the 1950s and 1960s. c. when the Soviet Union dissolved
in 1991.
b. when the Soviet Union invaded d. when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989.
Afghanistan in 1979.
13. The in the early 1900s led to increased wealth, modernization, and
immigration in many Arab countries on the Arabian Peninsula.
a. increase in foreign aid c. lifting of strict shari’ah laws
b. creation of a regional trading bloc d. discovery of oil
14. Political boundaries that often follow straight lines and do not account for
natural or cultural features are known as
a. geometric boundaries. c. national boundaries.
b. natural boundaries. d. independent boundaries.
15. Jews were originally expelled from their homeland by the
a. Palestinians. b. Romans. c. French. d. British.

A Troubled History
16. Comparing and Contrasting How would
your life be different if you lived in a 1000 B.C. Israelite King David captures Jerusalem
predominantly Muslim country? How from Canaanites
would it remain the same?
63 B.C. Romans occupy Jerusalem
17. Making Generalizations How can nationalism
both help and hurt an ethnic group? A.D. 637 Muslims take Jerusalem
1099 Christians take Jerusalem

IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the right 1187 Muslims retake Jerusalem
to answer the following questions on a separate sheet
1922–1948 Palestine ruled as British mandate
of paper.
18. For at least how long have ethnic and religious 1939–1945 Six million Jews killed by Nazis
groups been fighting over Palestine?
1948 Israel founded as Jewish state
19. About how long ago was Jerusalem captured
by the Romans? 2000 Peace talks stall over status of
Jerusalem
20. What event greatly increased support for an
independent Jewish homeland? When did that
Source: The World Book Encyclopedia
event occur?

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the excerpt below to answer the

“I don’t believe anybody is Turkish, whatever that means,” he said. Then,
swinging his arms to take in the lunch crowd, he exclaimed, “Look at us!
A mix of Turks, Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Iranians, Armenians, Kurds.”
—Thomas B. Allen, “Turkey Struggles for Balance,” National
Geographic, May 1994
21. What does the Turk quoted in this article mean when he says that he
does not believe “anybody is Turkish”?
Reading a Map Use the map below to answer the following question on a
Early Civilizations, c. 3000 B.C.
Early agricultural civilizations

40°E 50°E
40°N Caspian
Sea
N Ti
gr
i
sR
.
MESOPOTAMIA
Eu
Me d ite r r a ne a n p hr
ate 60°E
Se a sR
.
Pe Gul
30°N
rsi f
NILE
an
VALLEY
0 mi. 500
Ni
Re
0 km 500
le
. Lambert Azimuthal
R
Se
Equal-Area projection
TROPIC OF CANCER
a
22. This map shows part of the rich agricultural area known as the Fertile
.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Egypt: Population Growth Rate, 1950–2050*
3.0
2.5
2.0
Growth Rate
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
20
30
40
50
96
97
98
99
00
01
20
20
20
20
–1
–1
–1
–1
–2
–2
0–
0–
0–
0–
50
60
70
80
90
00
01
02
03
04
19
19
19
19
19
20

*2
*2
*2
*2
Years
* projected
Source: U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base
23. During which years did Egypt have the highest population growth rate?
24. Does the data in the graph suggest that Egypt’s population growth rate is
decreasing due to dwindling natural resources?
25. The population growth rate in Egypt between 1990 and 2000 was about
percent.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of North Africa,
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. Islam freedom (guerilla) fighters A. culture hearth
2. a ban on trade B. embargo
3. a center where a culture developed and spread
C. hajj
outward
4. a pilgrimage to Makkah D. emir
5. a prince or ruler in Islamic countries E. mujahideen

6. When Arabs moved into North Africa, they brought their

a. religion and government. c. language and family structure.
b. language and religion. d. government and family structure.
7. The boundaries drawn between Libya, Egypt, and Algeria by European colonial
powers are called boundaries.
a. geometric b. natural c. cultural d. longitudinal
8. As a result of Arab-Israeli conflicts over the territory of Palestine,

a. most Palestinians have converted c. Palestinians established refugee
to Judaism. settlements in Arab countries.
b. Palestinians have set up an d. Palestinian Christian culture has been
independent state. absorbed into Israeli Jewish culture.
9. The dry, desert climate causes most people in the eastern Mediterranean
subregion to live
a. in the interior areas. c. along coastal plains and in the
Euphrates River valley.
b. in and around Damascus d. in the Syrian Desert.
and Amman.
10. Why are floral and geometric designs an important element in Islamic art?
a. Stonecutters find these designs c. Artistic depictions of living figures
easiest to work with. are discouraged in religious art.
b. Such designs are believed to d. Such designs show a reverence for
reflect the holiness of God. nature and for human thought.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. One of the world’s first culture hearths developed between the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers, in an area called
a. Mesopotamia. c. the Ottoman Empire.
b. Sumeria. d. Phoenicia.
12. Which statement best describes the system of government in Saudi Arabia?
a. The Saudi Arabian government is a c. The Saudi Arabian government has
confederation of seven emirates. political parties and a bicameral
legislature.
b. The Saudi Arabian government is a d. The Saudi Arabian government
constitutional emirate ruled by follows shari’ah, or Islamic Law.
an emir.
13. The Ottoman Empire was centered in present-day and lasted for more
than 600 years.
a. Iran b. Turkey c. Egypt d. Iraq
14. The has made Egypt a key regional power.
a. Nile River c. Aswan High Dam
b. Mediterranean Sea d. Suez Canal
15. The want an independent state of their own in the West Bank and
Gaza Strip areas.
a. Israelis b. Christians c. Palestinians d. Kurds

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a A Troubled History

16. Making Generalizations Describe the 1000 B.C. Israelite King David captures Jerusalem
beliefs held in common by Jews, Christians, from Canaanites
and Muslims.
63 B.C. Romans occupy Jerusalem
17. Predicting Consequences What might have
been the future of the countries in North Africa, A.D. 637 Muslims take Jerusalem
Southwest Asia, and Central Asia if oil had not
1099 Christians take Jerusalem
been discovered there?
1187 Muslims retake Jerusalem
IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the right 1922–1948 Palestine ruled as British mandate
1939–1945 Six million Jews killed by Nazis
of paper.
18. When was Jerusalem first settled by 1948 Israel founded as Jewish state
the Israelites?
2000 Peace talks stall over status of
19. During which years did Muslims rule the Jerusalem
city of Jerusalem? How many years does
this total? Source: The World Book Encyclopedia
20. About how long ago was Jerusalem captured

by the Romans?

Name Date Class
Document-Based Questions Use the documents below to answer the

21. Does this cartoon present an optimistic view or a pessimistic view of the
Israeli-Palestinian Peace Talks of 2000?
“I don’t believe anybody is Turkish, whatever that means,” he said. Then,
swinging his arms to take in the lunch crowd, he exclaimed, “Look at us!
A mix of Turks, Arabs, Jews, Greeks, Iranians, Armenians, Kurds.”
—Thomas B. Allen, “Turkey Struggles for Balance,”
National Geographic, May 1994
22. What does the Turk quoted in this passage mean when he says that he
does not believe “anybody is Turkish”?
(continued)

Name Date Class
TURKEY
Major oil
reserves
SYRIA
LEBANON IRAN
IRAQ KUWAIT
BAHRAIN
JORDAN QATAR
ISRAEL
Persian
Gulf U.A.E.
Re
SAUDI
d
ARABIA
Se
OMAN
a
0 mi. 500
0 km 500 Arabian
YEMEN Sea
23. Which countries in this region possess little to no major oil reserves?
24. What changes would you expect to see on an oil reserve map of the
region 50 years from today?
Reading a Graph Use the graph below to answer the following question

Levels of Urbanization
Bahrain
Saudi Arabia
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Egypt
Tajikistan
Afghanistan
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent Urban
Source: World Population Data Sheet, 2006
25. The most highly urbanized country shown on the graph is .

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. overland carrier of oil A. Kuwait
2. group of oil-producing countries B. Dubai

3. country with petroleum-based economy
C. pipeline
4. network of road, rail, and air transportation
systems D. TRACECA
5. location where a “cybercity” is planned E. OPEC

(10 points each)
6. Saudi Arabia
a. has an economy based on oil. c. grows most of its own food.
b. exports grains and cereals. d. maintains a diversified economy.
7. Farmers in the Mediterranean climate regions

a. have insufficient water for crops. c. grow cereals in the cool climate.
b. grow grapes, olives, dates, d. frequently strike oil on their land.
and citrus.
8. What do plastics, paints, fertilizers, and medicines have in common?

a. They are not affordable in c. All of them are made from
Saudi Arabia. agricultural products.
b. All of them are imported by d. They can be made from petrochemicals.
oil-producing countries.
9. The , a human-made waterway, enables ships to pass from the

Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
a. Suez Canal c. Strait of Tiran
b. Strait of Hormuz d. Panama Canal
10. What are the main commodities of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and
Central Asia?
a. corn, sugar, and beans c. cereal grains
b. oil and petroleum products d. high-tech instruments

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. Libyan freshwater pipeline A. Kazakhstan
2. contaminated by radiation leaks during
B. Aswa- n High Dam
Cold War weapons tests
3. contaminated by oil in 1990–1991 war C. Caspian Sea
4. area near the Elburz Mountains of Iran that is
D. Persian Gulf
severely polluted
5. built to control flooding and irrigate farmland E. Great Man-Made River

(10 points each)
6. From which river does Israel funnel freshwater through a system of canals?
a. Euphrates b. Tigris c. Jordan d. Nile
7. The Aswan High Dam

a. controls the Nile’s floods. c. provides some of Egypt’s electrical
power.
b. has allowed land to retain salt. d. all of the above
8. Which statement about aquifers is accurate?

a. They carry oil supplies a great c. They will never run dry.
distance.
b. They are threatened as the d. They are found in few places around
population grows. the world.
9. For centuries, farmers in the Nile Delta waited

a. for the flooding Nile to deposit c. to irrigate their crops with water from
rich soil. the Red Sea.
b. for the flooding Nile to wash d. to irrigate their crops with water from
away soil. the Jordan River.
10. The Dead Sea

a. receives less water from feeder c. frequently floods the surrounding
rivers each year. regions.
b. no longer supports a population d. is an inland freshwater sea.
of sturgeon.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: North Africa,
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. petroleum that has not been refined A. arable
2. a restriction in trade B. commodity
3. product derived from oil or gas C. crude oil
4. suitable for farming D. petrochemical

5. an economic good E. embargo

MULTIPLE CHOICE: In the blanks on the left, write the letter of the
choice that best completes each statement or answers each question.
6. Overfishing and pollution have decreased fish catches in the

a. Red Sea. b. Black Sea. c. Caspian Sea. d. Aral Sea.
7. North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia hold of the world’s oil
reserves.
a. less than 10 percent c. about 50 percent
b. under 50 percent d. over 60 percent
8. Extensive road systems cross , connecting major cities with oil fields
and seaports.
a. Morocco, Algeria, and Libya c. Iran, Turkey, and Egypt
b. Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, d. Georgia, Armenia, and Turkey
and Tajikistan
9. The Great Man-Made River uses pipelines to carry freshwater across

a. Saudi Arabia. b. Libya. c. Iraq. d. Turkey.
10. Which of the following waterways is human made?

a. Strait of Hormuz b. Suez Canal c. Strait of Tiran d. Nile River
11. An underground layer of porous rock, gravel, or sand that contains water is called
a. an aquifer. b. a delta. c. an estuary. d. groundwater.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Scientists have linked to industrial pollution in Kazakhstan.

a. increasing infant mortality rates c. increasing life expectancy
b. decreasing birthrates d. decreasing infant mortality rates
13. Why are North Africa and Southwest Asia popular travel destinations?
a. The subregions have religious c. Most countries have sunny
importance. Mediterranean beaches.
b. Every country welcomes tourists. d. The subregions are mostly
undeveloped.
14. Limited freshwater resources in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
have forced countries to use the process of
a. reservoirs. b. aqueducts. c. desalination. d. aquifers.
15. mining contributes to the region’s economic growth.

a. Coal and copper c. Copper and cobalt
b. Coal and diamond d. Copper and diamond

16. Comparing and Contrasting Write a statement comparing the advantages
of the Aswa- n High Dam with its disadvantages.
17. Problem Solving What economic problem do oil-producing countries

face, and what seems the best solution to this problem?
IV. Applying Skills

Reading Circle Graphs Use the graphs below to answer the following
Afghanistan Statistics
Labor Force Land Use
Source: CIA World Factbook 2004
arable
services land
10% 12% other
forests and 39%
industry woodlands
10% agriculture 3%
80% permanent
pasture
46%
18. What percentage of Afghan land is not suitable for farming?

19. How much greater is the percentage of farmers than that of farmland?
20. Given this information, what problem might arise in Afghanistan
if the population increases?

Name Date Class

Hundreds of cisterns kept Petra from dying of thirst in times of drought,
while masonry dams surrounding hills protected the city from flash floods
after bursts of rain.... That kind of planning is called for again today.
—Don Belt, “Petra: Ancient City of Stone,” National Geographic,
December 1998
21. What are cisterns?
a. thunderstorms c. rivers diverted for irrigation
b. artificial reservoirs d. oil pipelines
22. What is the topic of this passage?
a. the effect of population distribution on natural resources
b. water management in Southwest Asia
c. desalination and replenishing aquifers in Southwest Asia
d. the economic effects of natural disasters
Arable Land vs. Total Land Area

Country Total Land Area Arable Land Percent Arable
Afghanistan 251,885 sq. mi. (652,230 sq. km) 30,226 sq. mi. (78,267 sq. km) 12%
Azerbaijan 31,903 sq. mi. (82,629 sq. km) 6,699 sq. mi. (17,352 sq. km) 21%
Georgia 26,911 sq. mi. (69,700 sq. km) 3,229 sq. mi. (8,364 sq. km) 12%
Iran 591,352 sq. mi. (1,531,595 sq. km) 59,135 sq. mi. (153,159 sq. km) 10%
Iraq 168,868 sq. mi. (437,367 sq. km) 21,953 sq. mi. (56,858 sq. km) 13%
Israel 8,356 sq. mi. (21,642 sq. km) 1,253 sq. mi. (3,246 sq. km) 15%
1,042,360 sq. mi.
Kazakhstan 83,389 sq. mi. (215,976 sq. km) 8%
(2,699,700 sq. km)
829,999 sq. mi.
Saudi Arabia 16,599 sq. mi. (42,994 sq. km) 2%
(2,149,690 sq. km)
Turkey 297,156 sq. mi. (769,632 sq. km) 89,147 sq. mi. (230,889 sq. km) 30%
Turkmenistan 181,441 sq. mi. (469,930 sq. km) 9,072 sq. mi. (23,497 sq. km) 5%
Source: www.cia.gov, The World Factbook 2009.
23. How many more square miles of arable land does Turkey have than Israel?
24. Rank the countries from smallest amount of arable land (sq. mi./sq. km)
to largest amount of arable land.
(continued)

Name Date Class

The Shrinking Aral Sea

0 mi. 150
N
0 km 150
Albers Conic Equal-Area projection Shoreline in 1999
Shoreline in 1960
KAZAKHSTAN Desert
Syr Darya
45°N
Aral
Sea
A m u Dary a
UZBEKISTAN
60°E

25. What has caused the size of the Aral Sea to decrease?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: North Africa,
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. link between the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea A. Aral Sea
2. heavily polluted inland sea B. Gulf of Aqaba
3. controls Nile’s floods C. Strait of Hormuz
4. connected to the Red Sea by the Strait of Tiran D. Elburz Mountains
5. located at the southern end of the Caspian Sea in Iran E. Aswa- n High Dam

6. What are petrochemicals?

a. products derived from oil c. chemicals leaked during weapons
and natural gas testing

b. products used to extinguish d. chemicals used to modify petroleum
oil well fires products
7. The allows ships to pass from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
a. Suez Canal c. Strait of Tiran
b. Bosporus d. Strait of Hormuz
8. uses a system of human-made canals to transport freshwater from the

Jordan River.
a. Jordan b. Israel c. Syria d. Iraq
9. Generally, oil-rich countries in the region of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and
Central Asia
a. cannot find markets to sell oil. c. have abundant water resources.
b. lack water resources. d. have abundant arable land.
10. What factors have affected tourism in Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Israel, and Lebanon?
a. conflicts and instability c. public health and clean water concerns
b. heavy rains and flooding d. overcrowding and poverty
11. How much of the world’s freshwater-production capacity does the region have?
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. The , which links the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea, is of strategic
and economic importance to the region.
a. Dardanelles c. Strait of Hormuz
b. Strait of Tiran d. Suez Canal
13. Because Iraqi troops dumped oil into the Persian Gulf during the Persian Gulf War,
a. thousands of fish and other c. oil is no longer shipped in the
marine life died. Persian Gulf.
b. the city of Beirut was put at risk. d. Kuwait no longer produces oil.
14. Today, the ancient is the route of a modern communications

superhighway.
a. road to Makkah c. Nile Delta Valley
b. Silk Road d. Persian Empire
15. Many of Central Asia’s environmental problems were caused by

a. farmers following ancient c. global warming.
techniques.
b. extremist Muslim groups. d. the Soviet Union.
III. Critical Thinking Questions Organization of Petroleum

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions Exporting Countries (OPEC)
11 members including Algeria,

16. Predicting Consequences Why is Libya, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar,
desalination important in Southwest Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates
Asia and North Africa? Date OPEC action
17. Making Inferences Name three ways 1960 founded to give members
in which oil and petroleum production control over production
help build a strong economy. and pricing
1973 quadrupled petroleum prices
IV. Applying Skills 1973 restricted shipments to the
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right U.S. because of its aid to Israel
to answer the following questions on a during the Arab-Israeli War
separate sheet of paper. 1974–1980 tripled prices again
18. When was OPEC founded? early 1990s failed to raise prices because of
disagreements over production
19. In which years did OPEC raise prices? and western countries’ growing
By how much? abilities to conserve energy
20. What might Americans do to keep 1999, 2000 cut back on oil production to
prices of petroleum down and find raise prices again
an equal balance in the imports of Source: U.S. Department of Energy
oil and petroleum?

Name Date Class

An ocean of yellow sand covers Egypt, divided by the dark green vein of
the Nile River. The river injects life into the bright green fan at its mouth,
while the gray, man-made mass of Cairo eats away at the fan’s delicate
stem....Cairo’s commercial and residential sprawl has locked priceless soil
beneath miles of concrete....
—Peter Theroux, “The Imperiled Nile Delta,” National Geographic,
January 1997
21. What creates the “bright green fan” described in this passage?
22. Why does the author feel that the soil underneath the city of Cairo
is priceless?
GDP in Selected Countries

Country GDP (billion) GDP per capita
Bahrain $24.6 $34,700
Jordan $28.2 $4,700
Kuwait $138.6 $55,300
Iran $852.6 $12,300
Iraq $100.0 $3,600

Israel $184.9 $28,800
Lebanon $40.7 $10,400
Oman $61.2 $19,100
Qatar $57.7 $75,900
Saudi Arabia $572.2 $20,700
Syria $83.0 $4,300
Turkey $667.7 $9,400
United Arab Emirates $145.8 $55,200
Yemen $52.6 $2,400
Source: The World Factbook 2008, www.cia.gov.
23. What is the GDP per capita gross in Lebanon? How does it compare to
that of Yemen?
24. Explain how Qatar and Lebanon can have nearly the same gross domestic
product but very different per capita gross domestic product.
25. Which country in the chart above has the highest per capita gross domestic
product?

Name Date Class
Form A Test
and Central Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. desert A. kum
2. a place in the desert where underground water surfaces B. oasis
3. petroleum products used for making paints and plastics C. petrochemicals
4. the raising and grazing of livestock D. bedouin
5. nomadic desert herder E. pastoralism

6. The most common climate region in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and
Central Asia is
a. humid continental. c. steppe.
b. Mediterranean. d. desert.
7. Centers where cultures developed and spread outward are called

a. indigenous cultures. c. fertile crescents.
b. holy lands. d. culture hearths.
8. Approximately what percentage of Jewish people were born in Israel?

9. During the 1800s, people in the Arabian Peninsula sought protection

from Great Britain to fight off
a. rule by the Ottoman Empire. c. bedouin invasions.
b. rule by the Soviet Union. d. rule by the French.
10. Most Muslims believe in

a. fasting monthly. c. liberal teaching of the Quran.
b. making a pilgrimage to Makkah d. choosing leaders by consensus.
at least once in their lives.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 6, Form A Test
11. The GDP of the region’s wealthiest countries is based on

a. petroleum and oil production. c. petrochemical production.
b. agriculture. d. industry and mining.
12. The indigenous people of North Africa are the
a. Pashtun. c. nomads.
b. bedouin. d. Berbers.
13. In the Northeast subregion, the highest literacy rate is found in
a. Iraq. c. Iran.
b. Turkey. d. Kurdistan.
14. The Great Man-Made River, desalination projects, and the Aswa- n High Dam
all show
a. the Nabateans’ technological c. the gradual move toward technology
ingenuity. and industry.
b. cooperation between Palestinian d. attempts to deal with the region’s
and Israeli scientists. water needs.
15. Kazakhstan’s environmental problems are the result of
a. environmental damage caused c. pollution created by policies of
by drifting pollutants. the Soviet Union.
b. ethnic differences. d. sinking water levels on an inland sea.

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on Iraq and Kuwait, 1961–1991
1961 Iraq claims Kuwait under Ottoman

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships
law; threatens to invade but backs
How has the geography of the Nile Delta down when Britain supports Kuwait
supported civilizations for thousands of
years? Will it continue to do so? Explain. 1973 Iraq invades Kuwait-Iraq border post;
Iraq persuaded to withdraw
17. Drawing Conclusions How does OPEC
1980–1988 Kuwait supports Iraq in its war
help member countries, and how does with Iran
it have power in the global economy?
Does OPEC use its power fairly? Explain. Aug. 2, 1990 Iraqi forces invade Kuwait; United
States and the United Nations
immediately demand Iraq’s
IV. Applying Skills withdrawal
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the Jan. 16, 1991 Saddam Hussein refuses UN
right to answer the following questions on a demands; Allied forces begin
separate sheet of paper. bombing Iraq and Iraqi forces in
Kuwait
18. Why did Iraq claim a right in 1961 to the
land that is now Kuwait? Feb. 23, 1991 Allied forces launch a ground war
19. In the years 1980–1988, what was the Feb. 27–Mar. 3

1991 Iraqi forces in Kuwait are defeated;
relationship between Kuwait and Iraq? Iraq accepts cease-fire terms;
20. Why did the United States and the United fighting ends; economic sanctions
Nations respond quickly to Iraq’s actions imposed
in 1990 and 1991?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
and Central Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. pilgrimage to Makkah made by most Muslims A. shari’ ah
2. land suitable for farming B. monotheism
3. belief in one god C. desalination
4. removing salt from sea water D. arable
5. Islamic Law based on the Quran E. hajj

6. Which of the following is an accomplishment of the Sumerians?

a. building qanats c. developed a new alphabet in which
letters stood for sounds
b. using canals to irrigate crops d. traded widely across the Mediterranean
7. Some 50 percent of the people in Israel

a. immigrated there to escape c. immigrated there to live in the
the Holocaust. Jewish homeland.
b. are Muslims. d. are Jewish.
8. The is the Islamic holy book.

a. Quran b. Makkah c. Torah d. New Testament
9. The Kurds live without a homeland

a. on the borders of Turkmenistan c. in border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and
and the shores of the Black Sea. Iran.
b. on the Arabian peninsula. d. within Israel.
10. Most Iranians speak

a. Farsi. b. Arabic. c. Turkish. d. English.
11. What group came to power in Afghanistan during the 1990s?

a. the Saudis b. the Kurds c. the Taliban d. the Berbers
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 6, Form B Test
12. Which statements about the Caspian Sea are accurate?

I.It is the largest inland body of water in the world.
II.It laps the shores of both Europe and Asia.
III.It is polluted and overfished.
a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III
13. Petrochemicals
a. have been banned in Kazakhstan. c. clean up oil spills.
b. are used to produce medicines, d. contribute little to the economy
fertilizers, and plastics. of the region.
14. Which area is not involved in the current Israeli/Palestinian conflict?

a. the West Bank c. East Jerusalem
b. the Gaza Strip d. the Sinai Peninsula
15. Why has the level of the Dead Sea dropped so dramatically?
a. People have used the water for c. Over time people have diverted
irrigation and drinking for centuries. freshwater streams that feed it.
b. The Great Man-Made River has d. The evaporation rate is higher than
depleted the sea’s aquifers. the amount of rainfall.
III. Critical Thinking Questions Oil, Natural Gas, and

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on Iron Ore Resources
Natural Gas

16. Summarizing the Main Idea In a few
Oil Reserves Reserves
sentences, discuss this region’s relationship
to water and three projects that attempt to 30%
provide solutions to its water problems. 67%
17. Drawing Conclusions Imagine that you

70%
33% 33%
are taking a walk in the Sahara. Describe
what you see. Use the words erg, reg, and
hamada in your description.
Iron Ore Reserves
IV. Applying Skills
Reading Circle Graphs Use the graphs on the
right to answer the following questions on a 90%
separate sheet of paper. 10%
18. How much of the world’s iron ore reserves
does the region hold?
Percent of world reserves located in
19. Which resource does this region have in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and
greatest abundance? Central Asia
other
20. How does reading circle graphs help you
visualize and understand what you have read Source: U.S. Dept. of Energy
about the economic wealth of this region?

Name Date Class
Pretest
Africa South of the Sahara

A B
1. agriculture for local use, not sale A. extended family
2. a northeast trade wind on Africa’s Atlantic Coast

B. delta
3. separation of races under the former South
African government C. harmattan
4. group of people including parents,
grandparents, children, and other relatives D. subsistence farming
5. agriculture grown for export E. domesticate

6. tourism based on respect for the environment
F. oral tradition
7. triangle-shaped deposit of silt and sand at
the mouth of a river G. urbanization
8. to tame animals for use by people
H. ecotourism
9. process of people moving from the country
into cities
I. apartheid
10. the practice of passing along stories from

generation to generation by word of mouth J. cash crops
11. South Africa is rich in which of the following?

a. oil and bauxite c. lead and copper
b. gold and diamonds d. oil and uranium
12. Kilimanjaro is a
a. volcanic mountain. c. small mountain in Namibia.
b. mountain in West Africa. d. mountain formed by glacial activity.
13. Most countries in Africa south of the Sahara

a. became independent during c. gained independence between 1950
the 1800s. and 2000.
b. became colonies during the d. joined in a single union of African
1950s and 1960s. states in 1999.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 7, Pretest
14. What is the main criticism of commercial farms in the region?

a. They do not grow large crops c. They produce so much food that some
and therefore do not produce of it goes to waste.
enough food.
b. They grow a variety of crops on d. Profits go to foreign owners, and they
a large scale. don’t produce food for local people.
15. Poaching is
a. a common regional cooking c. illegal hunting.
method.
b. legal hunting. d. a tourist activity.
16. The River is the main artery in western Africa.

a. Zambezi c. Niger
b. Orange d. Congo
17. European colonies established borders that

a. disregarded traditional ethnic c. proved to be far superior to traditional
boundaries. ethnic boundaries.
b. respected traditional ethnic d. were ignored by colonial governments
boundaries. throughout the region.
18. The role of manufacturing in the region’s economy is

a. large. c. nonexistent.
b. small. d. moderate.

19. African governments have created game preserves to
a. make sure that local people can c. allow supervised hunting of animals.
use the land.
b. protect endangered animals and d. make the process of extinction as
their habitats. painless as possible.
20. Which of the following descriptions of Africa south of the Sahara is accurate?
a. It is a huge area of high c. It is a region made up entirely
volcanic mountain ranges. of savanna grasslands.
b. It is a lowland area with almost d. It is a series of step-like plateaus.
no areas of high elevation.

21. Making Generalizations How did colonial governments prepare people

in the region for independence and self-rule? Explain your answer.
22. Summarizing the Main Idea What are the main challenges facing Africa
south of the Sahara today? What are a few things that might be done to deal
with these challenges?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. landlocked, shrinking body of water A. Lake Victoria
2. largest lake in Africa
B. Eastern Highlands
3. part of the escarpment along the southern edge
of the continent C. Lake Chad
4. dividing line between Uganda and the
D. Ruwenzori Mountains
Democratic Republic of the Congo
5. location of most African mountains E. Drakensberg Range

(10 points each)
6. Lakes and rivers in Africa south of the Sahara

a. are located in huge basins formed c. are few and far between because of
millions of years ago. the desert conditions.
b. drain to the north and east across d. were formed within the last 3,000
the Sahel region. years.
7. The nickname refers to the Niger River.

a. “little river” c. “great river”
b. “wild and raging river” d. “blue river”
8. The Congo River is important because it

a. reaches the sea in a shallow bed c. flows into the interior of the continent
that people can cross on foot. with no ocean outlet.
b. reaches the sea in a deep, d. reaches the sea at Lagos, Nigeria.
navigable estuary.
9. Diamond deposits are located in

a. Sudan, Ethiopia, and the Nile c. Niger, Chad, and the Niger River Basin.
River Basin.
b. South Africa, Botswana, and the d. Kenya, Somalia, and Victoria Falls.
Congo River Basin.
10. The Niger River is very important for both

a. agriculture and transportation. c. mining and water sports.
b. shipbuilding and heavy industry. d. tourism and high-tech industry.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. upper layer of the rain forest. A. Sahel
2. hot, dry northeast trade wind B. Serengeti Plain
3. steppe that forms the southern “coast”
C. harmattan
of the Sahara
4. one of the world’s largest savannas D. Kalahari
5. desert that lies partly in eastern Namibia E. canopy

(10 points each)
6. Tropical dry climates in Africa have

a. a dry climate all year. c. a wet climate all year.
b. alternating wet and dry seasons. d. an unpredictable but often very

cold winter season.
7. The climate in Africa south of the Sahara is mostly

a. desert. c. tropical.
b. Mediterranean. d. marine west coast.
8. Human land use and animal activities in the Sahel have

a. had little effect on the land. c. improved the land’s fertility
b. contributed to desertification. d. caused drought.
9. Cash crops in this region’s tropical zone

a. include bananas, pineapple, c. have yet to be planted, but will be
cocoa, tea, coffee, and cotton. by 2020.
b. were destroyed by the d. include rice, corn, soybeans, lemons,
monsoons of the 1990s. and apples.
10. Africa’s tropical rain forest is threatened by

a. animal migrations and forest fires. c. tornadoes and excessive rain.
b. farms and commercial logging. d. urbanization and desertification.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of Africa
South of the Sahara
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. steep, often jagged slope or cliff A. rift valley
2. area where freshwater from a river B. delta
meets seawater
C. estuary
3. process that turns arable land into desert
4. a crack in Earth’s surface caused by shifting D. desertification
5. alluvial deposits at the mouth of a river E. escarpment

6. The Great Rift Valley was formed, in part, by

a. shifting tectonic plates. c. wind erosion.
b. erosion by massive glaciers. d. human engineering.
7. What are the most abundant resources in Africa south of the Sahara?
a. soil and coal c. water and soil
b. minerals and soil d. minerals and water
8. What human-made African lake supplies electricity to Ghana?

a. Lake Tanganyika c. Lake Volta
b. Lake Victoria d. Lake Malawi
9. The tropical wet climate zone in Africa south of the Sahara can receive more
than of rain a year.
a. 250 inches (635 cm) c. 60 inches (152 cm)
b. 35 inches (90 cm) d. 500 inches (1,270 cm)
10. In western Africa a is welcome after heavy summer rains.

a. monsoon c. harmattan
b. drought d. wet season
11. As one moves away from the Equator, climates change from
a. savanna to rain forests. c. steppe to wetter regions.
b. tropical to steppe and desert. d. desert into less arid steppe.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Where is the Kalahari Desert located?

a. in the Sahel c. in southern Africa
b. in western Africa d. in eastern Africa
13. The Ethiopian Highlands are

a. part of the Western Highlands. c. part of the Eastern Highlands.
b. hills that extend west to Mali. d. a plateau bordering Namibia.
14. Most of the rivers in Africa south of the Sahara

a. cannot be navigated from c. are wide and slow.
mouth to source.
b. flow north to south. d. are too shallow to navigate.
15. The is called the Sahel.

a. steppe north of the Kalahari c. steppe south of the Sahara
b. tropical area near the Equator d. desert area west of the Sahara

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships Describe the process of

desertification of the Sahel.
17. Making Generalizations What general statements could you make about
water resources in Africa south of the Sahara? Include rainfall, rivers,

lakes, and oceans.
Average Annual Rainfall
IV. Applying Skills of Selected Cities
Inches cm
Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar 80 203
graph on the right to answer the
following questions on a separate 70 178
sheet of paper.
60 152
18. Which of these four cities
is likely to be located in a 50 127
steppe or desert climate?
Explain your answer. 40 102
19. Are any of these four cities
30 76
likely to be located in a tropical
wet climate? Explain your 20 52
answer.
20. Which city receives more 10 25
than twice as much rain as
0 0
Johannesburg? Brazzaville, Johannesburg, Khartoum, Kisangani,
Congo South Africa Sudan Democratic
Republic of
Source: WorldClimate the Congo

Name Date Class

The Ethiopian Highlands are far cooler and [more moist] than the sur-
rounding lowlands. Although plagued in recent years by drought, this area
is, in normal times, an agricultural island in a desert sea.
—Curt Stager, “Africa’s Great Rift,” National Geographic, May 1990
21. The climate of the Ethiopian Highlands, described in the passage above, is
suitable for farming even though it is close to the .

Threatened Species in Selected African Countries
MAMMALS BIRDS REPTILES PLANTS

Botswana 8 9 0 0
Cameroon 43 18 4 355
Chad 14 5 1 2
Ghana 18 9 5 117
Nigeria 30 10 5 172
South Africa 28 38 20 73
Tanzania 35 39 5 241
Source: The 2006 IUCN Red List
22. Which of the countries has the greatest number of threatened species?
(continued)

Name Date Class

Africa South of the Sahara: Economic Activity
0° E U ROPE 20°E 40°E
Med SOUTHW EST

it
er
ra ASIA
n e a
n Se a
20°W NORTH AFRICA

Boundary claimed
IA by Sudan
R
N TROPIC OF CANCER
ed
A
IT
20°N
R
S
AU
Camels
ea
Camels
M
Camels Dates Pearls

SENEGAL NIGER CHAD
S U D A N ERITREA
Dakar Rice MALI Sheep Khartoum
GAMBIA A de n
Sheep Goats
IN of A
Kano DJIBOUTI Gulf
GUINEA- RKASO
Rice Cattle Peanuts Cattle
Fruit
BISSAU GUINEA Millet U F Cacao
NIG ER IA Sorghum
GHANA
B
10°N Cotton Wheat

BENIN
TOGO
Rubber Coffee Cacao Addis Goats
IA
SIERRA LEONE COTE Millet
Ibadan Cotton Ababa Coffee Sheep
D'IVOIRE
N
CENTRAL Goats
O O AFRICAN
Corn
L
LIBERIA Cacao Lagos ER
Cotton ETHIOPIA
A
Abidjan Accra M REPUBLIC
CADouala
M
Corn Tea O
DACoffee Coffee S
Cacao Tea
EQUATORIAL GUINEA Cotton Coffee
Sugarcane
AN
O
EQUATOR SAO TOME & PRINCIPE GABON

Rubber
Kisangani K ENYA Bananas
NG
UG
0° Kisumu

RWANDA Fruits
MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH
Cotton Nairobi
CO
DEM. REP. Coffee

OF THE CONGO
Kinshasa BURUNDI
CABINDA
(LONDON)
Cotton
Cattle Cloves
Coffee Palm oil Dar es Salaam
Cotton TANZANIA
Luanda Tea Tobacco Pearls SEYCHELLES
Sugarcane
COMOROS
10°S
ANGOLA MALAWI Cashews
Vanilla
0 mi. 1,000 Corn N Tea Rice
el
ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE
nn
0 km 1,000
Vanilla
ha
Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection Coconuts

Harare MADAGASCAR
eC
ZIMBABWE Antananarivo
iq u
NAMIBIA Cloves
mb
Coffee Cattle
Cattle BOTSWANA Rice
za
20°S Land Use

CAPRICORN Bananas
Mo
Commercial farmingTROPIC OF Corn

Coffee
Subsistence farming Maputo Goats
Sheep SWAZILAND Resources
Livestock raising Johannesburg Petroleum
Corn Corn Sugarcane
Nomadic herding Cotton LESOTHO Natural gas
Manufacturing and trade Sheep Durban
30°S
Commercial fishing SOUTH Coal
Little or no activity AFRI C A N Nickel
Cape Town Port
Elizabeth Tungsten
Copper
23. What is the dominant land use in Africa south of the Sahara? Tin
Gemstones
24. In which part of Africa south of the Sahara are most of the petroleum
Gold
resources found?
25. What is it possible to conclude about the region where camels are herded?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of Africa
South of the Sahara
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. to wash nutrients out of the soil A. savanna
2. a northeast trade wind B. faults
3. fractures in the Earth’s crust C. cataract
4. tropical grassland with some trees D. harmattan
5. waterfall where river crosses escarpment E. leach

6. The factor that has the greatest influence on climate in Africa south of the
Sahara is
a. elevation. c. desertification.
b. rainfall. d. longitude.
7. What forms part of the escarpment along the southern

edge of the African continent?
a. Kilimanjaro c. the Ruwenzeri Mountains
b. Mount Kenya d. the Drakensberg Range
8. Which African country has about half of the world’s gold?

a. Nigeria b. Botswana c. South Africa d. Ghana
9. Which area of Africa south of the Sahara is characterized by midlatitude

climates?
a. southern b. eastern c. northern d. western
10. Where are tropical rain forests located in Africa south of the Sahara?
a. along the Tropic of Capricorn c. along the Tropic of Cancer
b. at the southern tip of Africa d. near the Equator
11. Unlike most African rivers, the reaches the sea through a
deep estuary that is about 6 miles (10 km) wide.
a. Senegal River c. Zambezi River
b. Congo River d. Niger River
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. The Niger River splits into an inland in southern Nigeria.

a. escarpment c. delta
b. cataract d. basin
13. Droughts and a dry climate have contributed to the shrinking size of
a. Lake Tanganyika. c. Lake Victoria.
b. Lake Chad. d. Lake Malawi.
14. Kilimanjaro is located in the region known as Africa’s

a. Northern Highlands. c. Eastern Highlands.
b. Southern Highlands. d. Western Highlands.
15. The expansion of agricultural lands in Africa south of the Sahara poses a
serious threat to
a. mineral development. c. lakes.
b. the rivers of the region. d. rain forests.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships Describe the geologic

events that formed the Great Rift Valley.
17. Making Generalizations What general statement can you make about
elevation and the physical geography of Africa south of the Sahara?
IV. Applying Skills

Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar graph below to answer the following
Lengths of Rivers
Niger
Zambezi
Congo
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Miles
18. Which of these three rivers is the longest? What is its length?
19. Which river is longer, the Niger or the Zambezi? About how much longer is it?
20. What is the difference in length between the Congo River and
the Zambezi River?

Name Date Class

Drought and desertification threaten the livelihood of over 1 billion people
in more than 110 countries around the world. Last year alone, hundreds of
thousands of people in eastern Africa had to abandon their lands when
drought rendered farming unsustainable. In the Americas and southern
Europe, forest fires devastated millions of acres of land, and massive sand-
storms ravaged vast areas of North East Asia.
—Kofi Annan, in message on world day to combat desertification,
June 7, 2001.
21. Land that is undergoing the process of desertification is turning into
desert. Why do scientists think desertification occurs?
Recent years have seen a general trend of increasing drought conditions
compared with the weather conditions of the 1930s to late 1940s.
...Another change is in the harmattan which has now extended its fron-
tiers into the tropical hinterland, and sometimes as far as the equatorial
climate areas.
—Aquatic Plants and Wetlands and Wildlife Resources of Nigeria
22. What is the “harmattan” referred to in the quotation?

World Time Zones

60°W 30°W 0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E 180° 150°W 120°W 90°W
Monday
Sunday
Anchorage
Moscow
London
New York
INTERNATIONAL
Rome Denver City

Beijing
Los Angeles Nashville
DATE LINE
Tokyo
Mumbai Honolulu Mexico
(Bombay) City
Rio de Janeiro
Cape Town Sydney

Nonstandard time
Miller Cylindrical projection

8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AM AM AM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM AM
23. When it is 10 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Rio de Janeiro?

(continued)

Name Date Class
24. How many different time zones does Africa have?
Reading a Graph Use the graph below to answer the following

Leading Diamond-Producing Countries

50 10
Thousands of kilograms (per year)

Thousands of carats (per year)
40 8
30 6
20 4
10 2
0 0
Australia Dem. Republic Russia South Botswana
of the Congo Africa
Source: Minerals Yearbook, 2006.
25. How does the diamond production of South Africa compare to

that of the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Sahel
Write the correct answers in the blanks. (10 points each)
A B
1. region of Sudan where conflict is displacing A. Kush
millions of people
B. indigenous
2. cultures that originated in the region
C. Islam
3. center of the Mali empire
4. predominant religion in the Sahel D. Timbuktu
5. became powerful when Egypt faded E. Darfur
(10 points each)
6. Why is French widely spoken in the Sahel?

a. English is hard to learn. c. All the schools teach French.

b. Only the French trade with d. Much of the Sahel was under French
countries in the Sahel. colonial rule.
7. Literacy in the Sahel is generally
a. high. c. low.
b. higher in rural areas. d. on par with European countries.
8. When did the countries of the Sahel gain their independence from European
colonial powers?
a. between 1950 and 2000 c. between 1900 and 1950
b. after 2000 d. between 1850 and 1900
9. Which of the following is a factor that prevents access to health care in the
Sahel?
a. religious objections c. poverty
b. urbanization d. desertification
10. What is one consequence of colonial boundaries that cut across ethnic
boundaries?
a. droughts c. weak governments
b. civil wars d. corrupt governments.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
East Africa
A B
1. inland city in Kenya A. Tanzania
2. country where Bantu people are in the majority B. Nairobi

3. country where Hutu people are in the majority C. Djibouti
4. country whose people were the first on the
continent to adopt Islam D. Axum
5. early trading economy in Ethiopia E. Burundi
(10 points each)
6. Which of the following cause(s) poor food production in East Africa?

a. government policies and c. low world market prices for food
poor farming practices and government actions

b. not enough food is exported d. heavy seasonal rains
7. Where are most urban centers in East Africa located?

a. in the highlands c. in the interior
b. along the coast and in river valleys d. along the rift valley
8. The oldest human bones found in East Africa are about

a. 200,000 years old. c. 3 million years old.
b. 1 million years old. d. 4 million years old.
9. In which country did conflict between Hutu and Tutsi people lead to genocide
in 1994?
a. Kenya c. Uganda
b. Rwanda d. Somalia
10. What is the most common language in Sudan and Eritrea?

a. Congo-Kordofanian c. English
b. French d. Arabic

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
West Africa
A B
1. empire that was rich with gold A. Hausa
2. ethnic group that lived in southern Niger and
B. Gambia
northern Nigeria
3. language widely spoken in West Africa C. Ghana
4. country in which most people live in villages
D. Nigeria
5. rapidly growing country of more than
150 million people E. Yoruba
(10 points each)
6. Where do most of the people in West Africa live?

a. in tropical rain forests c. along the coast and river plains
b. in the deserts and steppes d. along the rivers and in the tropical
savannas
7. What did Portuguese explorers want when they began trading in West Africa?
a. gold and salt c. lumber and minerals
b. gold and slaves d. slaves and oil
8. In what country did civil war follow independence in 1960?

a. Togo c. Liberia
b. Sierra Leone d. Nigeria
9. What is a consequence of poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition in

parts of West Africa?
a. high infant mortality c. uncontrolled tropical diseases
b. education is ignored d. very little food is grown
10. Cloth made by which people has become a symbol of Africa to many African
Americans?
a. Yoruba c. Hausa
b. Ashanti d. Sena

Name Date Class
Section 4 Quiz
Central Africa
A B
1. origin of most people in Equatorial Guinea A. Gabon
2. relatively unchanged indigenous group B. Mangbetu
3. island nation C. Bantu
4. Central African group known for their art D. São Tomé and Principe
5. center of the slave trade E. Mbuti
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question
(10 points each)
6. Which country experienced human rights abuses and one-party rule from the
late 1960s to the 1990s?
a. Cameroon c. Republic of the Congo
b. Gabon d. Democratic Republic of the Congo

7. The western highlands of Cameroon are
a. infertile and sparsely populated. c. an important source of minerals.
b. populated only by subsistence d. believed to be the origin of ancient
farmers. Bantu migrations.
8. In addition to creating states in the southeast of Africa, the Bantu people

a. founded the kingdoms of Kongo, c. built huge fortresses and road
Luba, and Luanda. networks in Central Africa.
b. migrated north of the Sahara. d. stopped the slave trade from the
interior of Africa.
9. The French changed the economy of the Congo by extracting resources and
a. building roads and cities. c. encouraging the slave trade.
b. growing cash crops. d. building factories and other industry.
10. What is helping countries in Central Africa stabilize?

a. farming and logging activities c. oil and other natural resources
b. manufacturing d. tourism

Name Date Class
Section 5 Quiz
Southern Africa
A B
1. city that owes its origins to gold mining A. Namibia
2. divides Zambia and Zimbabwe B. Johannesburg
3. home of San peoples C. Angola
4. gained independence through a coup d’etat D. Zambezi River
5. island nation E. Madagascar
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question
(10 points each)
6. What small country is completely surrounded by South Africa?

a. Zimbabwe c. Lesotho
b. Swaziland d. Botswana
7. Which people’s traditional homes are called kraals ?

a. San c. Sena
b. Zulu d. Swazi
8. How much of the population in southern Africa is expected to live in

cities by the year 2030?
a. more than half c. a quarter
b. about a third d. three quarters
9. About what percentage of the world’s HIV-positive population lives in

Africa south of the Sahara?
a. one-half c. one-fourth
b. two-thirds d. three-fourths
10. Which country has enjoyed a relatively smooth transition from European
colonial rule to independence?
a. Mozambique c. Zimbabwe
b. Angola d. Botswana

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of Africa
South of the Sahara
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. native to a place A. nuclear family
2. a common language B. oral tradition
3. group that includes parents and children C. indigenous
4. convenient business location for rural dwellers D. lingua franca
5. passing down stories by word of mouth E. service center

6. In 1994 South Africa held its first election
a. based on universal suffrage. c. in more than 100 years.
b. in which only black South d. in which women were allowed
Africans were allowed to vote. to vote.
7. Urbanization in Africa south of the Sahara is

a. not a major factor in political c. occurring faster than anywhere else
and cultural life. in the world.
b. growing at its slowest point d. occurring more slowly than anywhere
in history. else in the world.
8. is the dominant religion among the peoples of the Sahel region.
a. Buddhism c. Islam
b. Judaism d. Christianity
9. When , the African slave trade greatly increased.
a. Africans began to ship slaves c. Islamic traders replaced European
to Europe traders in western Africa
b. Europeans needed more workers d. Africans took Arabs across the
in the Americas Sahara
10. The grew rich from the gold-for-salt trade started in the western
empire of Ghana.
a. Kingdom of Kush c. Congo Empire
b. Kingdom of Axum d. Mali Empire
11. The practice of passing down stories from generation to generation by word of
mouth is called
a. lingua franca b. pidgin c. coup d’etat d. oral tradition
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. During the 1800s Europeans seeking raw materials and a market for goods
a. chose to colonize Australia c. established colonies in Africa with
instead of Africa. boundaries that cut through ethnic
territories.
b. set up trading posts but did not d. focused entirely on the spice trade
interfere in African culture and from India and China.
politics.
13. Located along the coast of the Red Sea, the people of have had
long trading relationships with Arabian, Asian, and Mediterranean civilizations.
a. southern Africa c. West Africa
b. East Africa d. Central Africa
14. Which of the following countries is not part of the Sahel?

a. Chad c. Mali
b. Niger d. Congo
15. The population of East Africa

a. is unevenly distributed because c. is unevenly distributed because of land
of political borders. and climate.
b. is evenly distributed throughout d. is evenly distributed because of
the region. European colonization.

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a Selected Language Categories,

separate sheet of paper. Africa South of the Sahara
16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships Congo-Kordofanian
How has African music influenced musical forms
or styles in the United States? Give examples. • found in central, eastern, and
southern Africa
17. Making Inferences What was the attitude of • Bantu-based languages of Guinea
most Europeans toward Africans from the coast peoples
beginning of colonization through the 1800s?
• includes Swahili, Zulu, Kongo
How can you tell?
Afro-Asiatic
IV. Applying Skills • found in northwest and northeast
parts of region
the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. • includes Hausa, Fulani
18. Based on the chart, from which category does Malayo-Polynesian

the Zulu language come?
• various dialects in Madagascar
19. In which language category do the languages
of the Guinea coast peoples fit? Indo-European
• includes English, French, Afrikaans
20. Which Indo-European languages are spoken
in Africa south of the Sahara?

Name Date Class

You wind down the escarpment, and there below is a sweeping view over
the green folds and steep valleys of Zululand, dotted with thatch huts and
small patches of corn.
—Peter Godwin, “Zulu: People of Heaven, Heirs to Violence,”
National Geographic, August 2000
21. The “thatch huts” in which the Zulu people live are called .
“‘Zanzibar, Dar es Salaam, Comoros, Mombasa, Mogadishu. Bombay,
Mangalore…’ The names of places strewn along the rim of the Indian
Ocean tripped like a melody off the old sailor’s tongue. ‘I visited them all
and more. From here in Africa we sailed with ivory, mangrove, coconuts,
tortoise and cowrie shells. From Arabia we brought dates, whale oil,
carpets, and incense. From India pots, glassware, and cloth. Trade was
our life, you see.’”
—Robert Caputo, “Swahili Coast: East Africa’s Ancient Crossroads,”
22. Centuries ago, Djbouti established trading relationships with ,
, and .
(continued)

Name Date Class

The Atlantic Slave Trade, Mid-1700s
Main sources of enslaved Africans

Slave trade route
Trade route for tobacco and sugar
100ºW 80ºW 60ºW 40ºW 20ºW GREAT 20ºE 40ºETrade route
60ºE of cheap European
N BRITAIN manufactured goods
FRANCE
PORTUGAL
40ºN
AMERICAN SPAIN
COLONIES
Atlantic
WE
Ocean TROPIC OF CANCER

ST
CUBA IN
20ºN DI
ES SENEGAL
JAMAICA HAITI
SIERRA GOLD OIL
LEONE IVORY COAST RIVERS
COAST
0º
EQUATOR SLAVE CAMEROONS
COAST
Pacific CONGO Indian
Ocean BRAZIL ANGOLA Ocean
MOZAMBIQUE
TROPIC OF
CAPRICORN
0 mi. 3,000 CAPE
COLONY
0 km 3,000

Robinson projection
23. According to the map, most of the enslaved people came from .
24. Based on the map, was shipped from the American colonies to
Great Britain and France as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
25. According to the map, some enslaved Africans came from on the
east coast of Africa.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of Africa
South of the Sahara
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. headed by a male family member A. pidgin
2. a violent overthrow of a government
B. apartheid
3. simplified speech used among people who
speak different languages
C. patriarchal
4. South African policy of strict separation of
the races D. universal suffrage
5. equal voting rights for all adult citizens of
a nation E. coup d’etat

6. Where is most of West Africa’s population concentrated?

a. interior plains areas c. in the mountains
b. tropical rain forest areas d. coastal areas and river plains
7. European explorers established trade relationships based on

in Central Africa.
a. the slave trade c. the import of manufactured goods
b. the export of cash crops d. the spice trade
8. What has made trade important throught the history of East Africa?
a. its climate c. its location
b. its people d. its lack of farms
9. European colonizers disrupted African village life by

a. replacing locally centered c. forcing African men to seek
agriculture with huge plantations. employment outside of their villages.
b. building miles and miles of roads d. prohibiting extended families from
and railroads. living together.
10. Which two languages commonly serve as the lingua franca in East Africa?
a. Arabic and English c. German and French
b. English and French d. Arabic and German
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Which of the following is the world’s largest ethnic group of nomadic herders?
a. the Hausa c. the Wolof
b. the Mandé d. the Fulani
12. By the A.D. 800s, Bantu-speaking peoples

a. replaced the original population c. displaced western Africa’s farms and
of the Sahel. trading communities.
b. settled and established kingdoms d. displaced the European population
in Central Africa. to become the dominant traders in
West Africa.
13. is considered the place of origin for all of humankind.
a. East Africa c. Central Africa
b. West Africa d. southern Africa
14. Which of the following is thought to be the source of Bantu migrations

throughout the region?
a. southern Europe c. the western highlands of Cameroon
b. the area that is now Niger d. the area that is now Sudan
15. Ancient peoples moved south into Africa south of the Sahara around 3000 B.C.
to 2500 B.C. because
a. the climate in which they were c. people in the south wanted a political
living became hotter and drier. alliance with them.
b. the Ice Age cooled the north. d. they were fleeing from invaders.

III. Critical Thinking Questions Selected Language Categories,
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on Africa South of the Sahara
a separate sheet of paper. Congo-Kordofanian
16. Making Connections What was life for black • found in central, eastern, and
South Africans like under apartheid? southern Africa
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships • Bantu-based languages of Guinea
What have been some of the effects of trade coast peoples
on religious practices in Africa south of the • includes Swahili, Zulu, Kongo
Sahara?
Afro-Asiatic
• found in northwest and northeast
IV. Applying Skills parts of region
• includes Hausa, Fulani
18. Where are Afro-Asiatic languages spoken? Malayo-Polynesian
19. Which Indo-European languages are spoken in • various dialects in Madagascar

Africa south of the Sahara?
Indo-European
20. What are two examples of Afro-Asiatic
• includes English, French, Afrikaans
languages?

Name Date Class

At the beginning there was a huge drop of milk.
Then Doondari came and created the stone.
Then the stone created iron;
And iron created fire;
And fire created water;
And water created air.
—Ulli Beier, trans. in The Origins of Life and Death, 1966
21. What is this story from the Fulani people of Mali about?
22. The story, which has been passed down from one generation to another,
is part of the of the Fulani people of Mali.
European Colonial Rule
S
20ºW
30ºN F
0º
F Medit. Sea
40ºE
Independent
S B Belgian
F
T R O PIC O F C A N C E R I British
F French
20ºN N G German
F I I Italian
P P Portuguese
10ºN S Spanish
F
G G I
EQUATOR
0º S
ATLaNTIC B INDIaN
OCEaN G OCEaN
P
P
G F
0 mi. 800 TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
0 km 800
B
23. South Africa became independent in 1910. Which two African countries
were never under European colonial rule?
24. Name the two African countries south of the Equator that were colonies
of Portugal.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Birth and Death Rates in Africa, 1960–2000

50
Births
40
Births/Deaths per 1,000 Population
30
Deaths
20
10
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year
25. Use the graph to explain why Africa has had the highest rate
of population growth in the world.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. city at one end of the Trans-African Highway A. Nigeria
2. 300-mile long gold deposit in South Africa
B. Guinea
3. regional trading association in Africa south of
the Sahara
C. ECOWAS
4. country that exports valuable rain forest
hardwoods D. Witwatersrand
5. country that has large oil deposits and is a
member of OPEC E. Mombasa

(10 points each)
6. In many African countries south of the Sahara, most of the profits from mining
a. go to the workers in those c. are erased by the enormous costs
countries. of doing business.
b. go to foreign investors and d. turn nations that once were poor
corporations. into wealthy nations.

7. Africans who cannot afford their own computers run e-commerce businesses
using
a. Internet connections at public c. Internet connections at cybercafés.
universities and libraries.
b. television hookups to the Internet. d. satellite dishes to reach the Internet.
8. In Zimbabwe, large-scale farms
a. have been forcibly seized c. have been purchased by small-scale
by the government. farmers.
b. have been converted to public d. are being created by European
housing. corporations.
9. Which of the following are major export crops from Africa south of the Sahara?
a. rice, bananas, and wheat c. grapes, oranges, and corn
b. pineapple, sugar, and barley d. cacao, coffee, and peanuts
10. One reason economic development is difficult in most of Africa south of the
Sahara is that
a. there are not enough workers c. religious beliefs discourage making
available for industries. a profit.
b. billions of dollars are owed d. not enough land is available for
to foreign countries. development.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. areas established to save endangered animals A. carrying capacity
2. the number of people an area of land can support

B. civil war
3. the spreading of desert
C. game preserves
4. threat to food distribution in Somalia, Liberia,
and Rwanda
D. drought
5. threat that has become more severe since the
1970s, turning farmland into wasteland E. desertification

(10 points each)
6. In Africa south of the Sahara, war

a. is typically caused by invading c. has little effect on daily life.
Europeans.

b. continues to be a major cause d. has been stopped altogether through
of hunger and malnutrition. land-sharing agreements.
7. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the protection of tropical
forests in Africa south of the Sahara?
a. It is an increasing priority. c. It is not an issue because there are
so many forests left.
b. It does not interest most d. It has little effect on the economy
African farmers. and people’s lives.
8. In Sudan, is one result of civil war.
a. an increase in supplies of food c. the prevention of delivery of food
and medicines supplies
b. the rebuilding of communities d. the elimination of starvation
9. Two factors that have led to desertification in the Sahel are

a. civil war and global warming. c. droughts and animal grazing.
b. animal grazing and severe storms. d. political turmoil and game parks.
10. Which of the following statements about communications in the region

is accurate?
a. Many people rely on televisions c. High literacy rates encourage the
to obtain news and information. use of newspapers and magazines.
b. Telephone service is limited, d. Cell phone use is not possible in
especially in rural areas. the region.
Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today:
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. disappearance from the Earth A. ecotourism
2. the number of people an area of land can support B. e-commerce
3. travel that shows concern for the environment C. cash crop
4. buying and selling on the Internet D. extinction
5. an agricultural product grown and sold for profit E. carrying capacity

6. In parts of Africa beginning in the 1970s,

a. efficient farming methods reduced c. mild droughts had a small impact
the effects of drought. on agriculture.
b. severe droughts turned d. there was a two-year period
farmland into wasteland. of drought, followed by heavy rain.

7. Which of the following is a major factor in the decline of elephants in Africa
south of the Sahara?
a. ecotourism b. game parks c. changes in climate d. poaching
8. Economic imbalances in this region are largely due to the uneven distribution of
a. military power. c. mineral resources.
b. land. d. people.
9. Most profits from mining in South Africa

a. go to foreign corporations. c. are reinvested in the country’s
economy.
b. are divided among the workers d. go into a fund to help increase literacy
as bonuses. in the country.
10. The primary type of farming in the region is farming.
a. commercial c. conservation
b. subsistence d. sedentary
11. The collapse of Zimbabwe’s agriculture-based economy was caused by

a. a decade of widespread drought. c. a decrease in the demand for
agricultural exports from Zimbabwe.
b. government-forced seizures of d. soil erosion caused by years of
white-owned plantations. overgrazing livestock.
(continued)
Name Date Class
12. The use of heavy farm machinery, tilling, and clear-cutting in Africa south of the Sahara
a. allows farmers to reuse their c. has been banned in most parts
lands for decades. of the region since 1995.
b. causes rain forests to grow d. causes soil erosion and
back in record numbers. desertification.
13. A(n) has caused great suffering in Sudan.
a. civil war lasting for more than c. increase in food production during
a decade the past 20 years
b. influx of tourists to the region d. decades-long war with Ghana
14. Agriculture conducted on permanent farms
a. is rarely practiced in Africa c. is rapidly taking the place
south of the Sahara. of commercial farming.
b. is called subsistence farming. d. is called sedentary farming.
15. Most countries in Africa south of the Sahara rely on trade relationships with
a. European countries. c. China.
b. the United States. d. Japan.

16. Drawing Conclusions In Africa south of the Sahara, what problems does
commercial farming cause for local people?
17. Comparing and Contrasting How did agriculture and hunger change in
Eritrea and Ethiopia because of the war between the two countries? What
factor other than war played an important role?

IV. Applying Skills
Information For Five African Countries

Infant Mortality
Rate (per 1,000
Life Expectancy GDP Per Capita births) Literacy Rate
Angola 37.6 years $ 6,500 184.4 67.4%
Ethiopia 72.3 years $21,800 7.6 99.8%
Nigeria 47.4 years $ 2,200 95.5 68.0%
South Africa 42.5 years $10,600 59.4 86.4%
Tanzania 50.7 years $ 1,100 71.7 69.4%
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2008, www.cia.gov.
18. What country shown has the lowest per capita GDP?
19. What is the difference between the highest and lowest per capita GDP
shown?
20. Which countries have a literacy rate above 70 percent?

Name Date Class

Subsistence farming, trading goods for other goods, and sharing within
extended families and communities have been some of the ways Africans
have survived on the lowest incomes in the world. Mere survival, however,
has not been enough. Experts view income generation, especially among
women and the rural poor, as a key to Africa’s more prosperous future.
“Below the Poverty Line,” Africare, www.africare.org/at_work/
cooking_oil/index.html
21. The “subsistence farming” mentioned in the quotation refers to .
22. Other than the activities described in the passage above, how do some
Africans generate income?
Agricultural Workforce
Niger
Angola
Mozambique
Senegal
Cameroon
Gabon
Namibia
South Africa
Mauritius
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent of Workforce
Source: www.cia.gov; The World Factbook, 2006.
23. What evidence does the graph present that farming is the main economic
activity in Africa south of the Sahara?
24. Approximately what percentage of Angola’s workforce is engaged in
agriculture?
25. Which country shown on the graph has the lowest percentage of its
workforce engaged in agriculture?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today:
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. agriculture conducted in permanent settlements A. commercial farming
2. a land-management technique that helps protect
farmland B. conservation farming
3. a method in which farmers move every one to three
years to find better soil C. sedentary farming
4. agriculture in which crops are produced on a large
scale D. shifting cultivation
5. small-scale agriculture that provides for the needs of
the family or village E. subsistence farming

6. Farmers have begun to preserve farmland in Africa south of the Sahara through
a. sedentary farming. c. shifting cultivation.
b. conservation farming. d. subsistence farming.
7. In the 1970s, nearly 80,000 elephants a year were killed in Africa south of the
Sahara primarily for
a. sport. b. their tusks. c. their meat. d. their skins.
8. Why is water transportation limited in Africa south of the Sahara?

a. because some rivers cannot be c. because there are no large rivers in
navigated from source to mouth the region
b. because countries lack the money d. because rail transportation is faster
necessary to build boats and cheaper
9. Most commercial farms in the region are
a. small foreign-owned businesses. c. small family-owned businesses.
b. large foreign-owned plantations. d. large family-owned plantations.
10. Most countries in Africa south of the Sahara rely on trade relationships with
a. European countries. c. China.
b. the United States. d. Japan.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. What are the main cash crops of Kenya, Tanzania, and Madagascar?
a. cotton and coconuts c. coffee and tea
b. palm oil and peanuts d. cacao and sisal
12. What do many countries in Africa south of the Sahara depend on to help them
industrialize?
a. income from property taxes c. income from exports
b. private investments d. foreign loans
13. What factor limits the use of traditional media such as newspapers and
magazines in Africa south of the Sahara?
a. cost to create newspapers/ c. popularity of the Internet
magazines
b. low literacy rates d. low GDP per capita
14. Which subregion of Africa south of the Sahara has been the most severely
affected by desertification?
a. East Africa b. West Africa c. Central Africa d. the Sahel
15. In addition to the elephant, which other animal in the region is at risk for
extinction?
a. the wildebeest c. the baboon
b. the mountain gorilla d. the hippopotamus

16. Making Inferences What are game preserves, and why are they controver-

sial in Africa south of the Sahara?
17. Identifying Central Issues Why is there widespread famine in Africa south of
the Sahara?
IV. Applying Skills
Information for Five African Countries

Infant Mortality
Rate (per 1,000
Life Expectancy GDP Per Capita births) Literacy Rate
Angola 37.6 years $ 6,500 184.4 67.4%
Ethiopia 72.3 years $21,800 7.6 99.8%
Nigeria 47.4 years $ 2,200 95.5 68.0%
South Africa 42.5 years $10,600 59.4 86.4%
Tanzania 50.7 years $ 1,100 71.7 69.4%
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook 2008, www.cia.gov.
18. Which countries have a literacy rate above 70 percent?

19. How does South Africa’s infant mortality rate compare with that of Angola?
20. What is the relationship between infant mortality and literacy?

Name Date Class

Subsistence farming, trading goods for other goods, and sharing within
extended families and communities have been some of the ways Africans
have survived on the lowest incomes in the world. Mere survival, however,
has not been enough. Experts view income generation, especially among
women and the rural poor, as a key to Africa’s more prosperous future.
—“Below the Poverty Line,” Africare, www.africare.org/at_work/
cooking_oil/index.html
21. The “subsistence farming” mentioned in the passage refers to .
22. Other than the activities described in the passage above, how do some
Africans generate income?


20ºW 10ºW 0º 10ºE 20ºE 30ºE 40ºE 50ºE 60ºE
30ºN
T R OP I C O F C A N C E R
20ºN
I
E
J
10ºN H A
C
EQUATOR
0º
L
N F
D
10ºS
B
G
0 mi. 800
20ºS
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
0 km 800
Lambert Azimuthal
Equal-Area projection
30ºS K
23. The Trans-African Highway runs from Mombasa, Kenya, to Lagos, Nigeria.
Which letter on the map represents Nigeria?
24. More than 90 percent of the rain forest has disappeared in Madagascar.
Which letter on the map represents Madagascar?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following

Population Information for Selected African Countries

South Chad Senegal
Africa
Total population 44,000,000 9,940,000 11,980,000
Population density 100/sq. mi. 20/sq. mi. 157/sq. mi.
Annual population growth –0.4% 2.9% 2.3%
Percent urban 53% 24% 45%
GDP (US dollars) $540.8 billion $14.0 billion $20.6 billion
GDP per capita $12,000 $1,400 $1,800
Life expectancy 43 years 48 years 59 years
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 births) 60 91 53
Population per physician 692 25 75
Literacy rate 86% 48% 40%
Number of automobiles 4,350,000 9,630 110,000

Sources: CIA World Factbook, 2006; 2006 World Population Data Sheet; The World Almanac
25. Compare the population density of Chad and Senegal in terms of the land
area of each country (Chad–495,753 sq. mi.; Senegal–75,954 sq. mi.) and
the percentage of urban population.

Name Date Class
Form A Test

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. separation of races under the former South A. extended family
African government
2. group of people including parents, grandparents, B. oral tradition
children, and other relatives
3. to tame animals for use by people C. domesticate
4. process of people moving from the country
into cities D. urbanization
5. the practice of passing along stories from
generation to generation by word of mouth E. apartheid

6. The tropical wet climate

a. is the wettest climate in this c. is a transition zone between the
region. savanna and the desert.
b. covers almost half of Africa. d. is an area of this region that is most
prone to desertification.
7. What impact has the HIV/AIDS epidemic already had throughout Africa
south of the Sahara?
a. life expectancy has risen c. infant mortality has fallen
b. no impact yet d. life expectancy has fallen
8. Since the late 1990s, droughts in the region have

a. become less severe. c. not caused food shortages.
b. become more severe. d. not occurred.
9. Which of the following lakes is located outside of the Great Rift Valley?
a. Lake Malawi c. Lake Chad
b. Lake Victoria d. Lake Tanganyika
10. ____________________ was the central city of the empire of Mali.

a. Timbuktu b. Axum c. Songhai d. Ghana
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 7, Form A Test
11. Which of the following statements about logging in the region is accurate?
a. Coastal countries export bamboo c. The lumber industry has a large
and mahogany. output.
b. Coastal countries with rain forests d. It accounts for about 25 percent of
export significant amounts the world’s lumber supply.
of lumber.
12. Which of the following are the main climate zones of Africa south of the
Sahara?
a. tropical wet, steppe, Sahel, c. tropical wet, highland, tropical dry,
and desert and desert
b. tropical wet, Congo, Sahel, d. tropical wet, steppe, tropical dry,
and desert and desert
13. Where are most of the mountains in this region located?

a. in the Central Highlands c. in the Eastern Highlands
b. in the Southern Highlands d. in the Western Highlands
14. The Witwaterstrand is a

a. river in Namibia. c. controversial game preserve in Nigeria.
b. 300-mile (483 km) long gold d. rich South African diamond deposit.
deposit in South Africa.
15. Crops grown for are known as cash crops.

a. markets in other places c. food

b. local use d. profits to be shared among the workers
III. Critical Thinking Questions Selected History of Political

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a separate Groups and Events in Africa
sheet of paper. South of the Sahara
16. Determining Cause and Effect How did colonial 2000s B.C.– Kingdom of Kush
A.D. 300s
governments prepare people in the region for
A.D. 700s–1200s Ghana trading empire
independence and self-rule?
800s migrating Bantu establish
17. Drawing Conclusions What forces led to the end of settlements in central and
southern Africa
apartheid?
1200s beginning of European
trade with Africa
1200s–1400s Mali trading empire
IV. Applying Skills
1400s–1591 Songhai trading empire
Reading a Time Line Use the time line at the right to
1591 Moroccan invasion of
answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Songhai
1500s–1800s peak of European slave
18. What happened in 1591? trade
19. Over what period of time was the European slave 1800s–1900s European colonies
established
trade at its strongest?
1950–2000 African countries gain
20. About when was the Ghana trading empire independence
established? Source: Oxford Encyclopedia of World History

Name Date Class
Form B Test

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a simplified speech used among people who A. shifting cultivation
speak different languages
2. area where freshwater from a river B. escarpments
meets seawater
3. a steep slope or cliff C. lingua franca
4. practice of moving to new land when land
loses its fertility D. pidgin
5. a common language used by people who
speak different native languages E. estuary
6. Which of the following lakes is located outside of the Great Rift Valley?
a. Lake Malawi b. Lake Victoria c. Lake Chad d. Lake Tanganyika
7. The Masai are traditional

a. farmers in Kenya. c. Moroccan sheep farmers.
b. hunters in Ethiopia. d. Tanzanian cattle herders.
8. Which of the following statements about European colonial rule in Africa

is accurate?
a. Europeans took into consideration c. Huge plantations were replaced with
the boundaries of ethnic African locally centered agriculture.
homelands.
b. The disregard for ethnic boundaries d. Except for South Africa and Liberia, all
set Africans against one another. of Africa was under European rule.
9. was the central city of the empire of Mali.
a. Timbuktu b. Axum c. Songhai d. Ghana
10. The Sahel is an area in which

a. lush farmlands are prospering. c. grazing lands are turning into desert.
b. glaciers once carved steep d. an average of 80 inches of rain falls
mountains. each year.
11. The two largest religious groups in the region are
a. Islam and Muslim. c. Islam and Christianity.
b. Christianity and Hinduism. d. Judaism and Buddhism. (continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 7, Form B Test
12. African music today

a. has influenced other musical c. is considered old-fashioned by most
forms around the world. of Africa’s young people.
b. is popular in Africa but has had d. is based on American pop forms
little influence elsewhere. and styles.
13. Subsistence farming is the

a. least common form of agriculture c. way that countries grow food
in the region. for export.
b. most common form of d. reason that people have so much
agriculture in the region. surplus food.
14. Slave trading in West Africa was the most extensive

a. when African chiefs and kings c. when Europeans shipped Africans to
enslaved prisoners of war. plantations in the Americas.
b. when Arab traders brought d. when the French brought Black Moors
enslaved Africans to Muslim back to Mauritania.
countries.
15. Where is the Kalahari Desert located?

a. along the southern edge of c. in southern Africa
the Sahara
b. in the Congo Basin d. along the southeastern coast of Africa

a separate sheet of paper. Selected History of Political
16. Categorizing Information What are some Groups and Events in Africa
important commercial crops in the region? South of the Sahara
2000s B.C.– Kingdom of Kush
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships A.D. 300s
What effects do poor sanitation and disease A.D. 700s–1200s Ghana trading empire
have on life in Africa south of the Sahara? 800s migrating Bantu establish
settlements in central and
southern Africa
IV. Applying Skills 1200s beginning of European
trade with Africa
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on the 1200s–1400s Mali trading empire
1400s–1591 Songhai trading empire
1591 Moroccan invasion of
Songhai
18. When did the Bantu people establish settlements
1500s–1800s peak of European slave
in central and southern Africa? trade
19. During what years did Europeans colonize and 1800s–1900s European colonies
established
have control over most of Africa?
1950–2000 African countries gain
20. When did most African countries gain independence
independence? Source: Oxford Encyclopedia of World History

Name Date Class
Pretest
South Asia
A B
1. major river system in Pakistan A. Hindi
2. language spoken by about half of India’s people B. Indus

3. Himalayan peak C. Ganges
4. sacred river of India D. caste system
5. people who are expert guides on Himalayan treks
E. monsoons
6. spiritual advisors
F. ecotourism
7. annual rain-bearing winds
G. gurus
8. visiting a place to appreciate its natural environment
H. Mumbai (Bombay)
9. centuries-old set of social classifications in India
I. Everest
10. Indian city with population of more than
18 million people J. sherpas
11. Which of the following lists all of the countries of South Asia?
a. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, c. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
and Sri Lanka Georgia, Vietnam, and Kashmir
b. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, d. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan,
Sri Lanka, and Kashmir Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Bangladesh
12. From the latter half of the 1700s until the first half of the 1900s, India was
a. independent but widely settled c. a British colony.
by British farmers.
b. a French colony. d. a Dutch colony.
13. Sri Lanka is

a. a mountainous country between c. an island off the tip of India.
Bhutan and Nepal.
b. a chain of tiny islands south d. a developing country east of Pakistan.
of India.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 8, Pretest
14. Which body of water borders eastern India?

a. the Arabian Sea c. the Pacific Ocean
b. the Bay of Bengal d. the Ganges River
15. Most people in Pakistan are

a. Muslims. c. Buddhists.
b. Christians. d. Hindus.
16. Bhutan is than India and Bangladesh.

a. at a much higher elevation c. warmer
b. more sparsely populated d. less rugged
17. Through nonviolent resistance, led India to independence.

a. Satyajit Ray c. Mohandas Gandhi
b. Siddartha Gautama d. Kathkali
18. At the time of India’s independence, India and became separate states.
a. Pakistan c. Bhutan
b. Bangladesh d. Sri Lanka
19. Visitors to Nepal often

a. visit the great city of c. visit Islamic mosques and shrines.
Kolkata (Calcutta).
b. trek in the Himalaya. d. trek in the southern Indian rain forest.

20. Which statement about farming in the region is accurate?
a. As industrialization has increased, c. Over the past century, most farms
farming has decreased. have been automated.
b. Farming projects are managed d. Much farming is still done primarily by
by British monopolies. hand and with simple tools.

21. Summarizing the Main Idea Briefly discuss what you know about the
different cultures and physical landscapes of South Asia.
22. Problem Solving More than one-fifth of the world’s population lives in
South Asia. What problems might such a densely populated region have?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. river that flows west into India and south into A. Indus
Bangladesh
B. Brahmaputra
2. route between Pakistan and Afghanistan
C. Gangetic Plain
3. river that flows through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea
4. highest peak in the world D. Mount Everest
5. fertile region in north India E. Khyber Pass

(10 points each)
6. South Asia consists of how many countries?

a. 5 c. 10
b. 7 d. 15
7. The Bay of Bengal lies to the of the subcontinent.

a. north c. west
b. south d. east
8. The Himalaya mountain ranges were formed

I. through volcanic action.
II. as the subcontinent broke away from Africa.
III. when the subcontinent collided with Asia.
a. I c. III
b. II d. I and II
9. To what does the name Maldives refer?

a. a chain of volcanic and c. a mountain range in the Deccan
coral islands Plateau
b. a teardrop-shaped island east d. a disputed area in Sri Lanka
of India
10. Hindus believe that the is sacred.

a. Vindhya Range c. Ganges River
b. Indus River d. Bay of Bengal

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. climate zone marked by grasslands and A. the Sundarbans
deciduous forests
B. Thar Desert
2. swampy area in southwest Bangladesh
C. humid subtropical
3. climate zone marked by lush, dense vegetation
4. area that lies to the east of the Indus River D. tropical dry
5. climate zone marked by mixed forests E. tropical wet

(10 points each)
6. Which area is characterized by tropical grassland?

a. the west coast of India. c. southern Sri Lanka.
b. the Gangetic Plain. d. western Pakistan.

7. The Himalaya block the cold winds from Central Asia, giving parts of Nepal,
Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India what type of climate?
a. tropical wet c. tropical dry
b. humid subtropical d. steppe
8. The Himalayan highlands and the Karakoram peaks have

a. steppe climates. c. cold winters but warm summers.
b. year-round snow. d. arid conditions.
9. Because of in parts of this region, rice crops can be grown all

year long.
a. cool temperatures and water c. high temperatures and abundant
from mountain snowfall water
b. high temperatures during d. mild temperatures and long
the dry periods dry seasons
10. The lower Himalayan foothills are covered with

a. desert. c. grassland and stands of bamboo.
b. mangrove forest. d. glaciers.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of South Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a storm with heavy rains and high winds that A. subcontinent
blow in a circular pattern
2. a seasonal wind that brings warm, moist air
B. alluvial plain
from the oceans in summer and cold, dry air
from inland in winter
3. a huge sea wave caused by an undersea C. monsoon
earthquake
4. a large landmass that is part of a continent but
D. cyclone
still distinct from it
5. a floodplain on which rivers have deposited
rich soil E. tsunami

6. According to the theory of continental drift, how were the Himalaya formed?
a. through volcanic activity c. through the spreading apart of the
Indian subcontinent from Africa
b. through the collision of the d. through subduction on the ocean floor
Indian subcontinent with Asia
7. The separate the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia.
a. Eastern Ghats c. Indus and Ganges Rivers
b. Himalaya d. Western Ghats
8. Monsoon rains are heaviest in South Asia.

a. eastern c. northern
b. southern d. western
9. How much of the world’s population lives on the Gangetic Plain?

10. Which of the following is located between the Eastern and Western Ghats?
a. Chota Nagpur Plateau c. Sri Lanka
b. Deccan Plateau d. Khyber Pass (continued)

Name Date Class
11. Where is the source for the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus Rivers?
a. Hindu Kush c. Himalaya
b. the Arabian Sea d. the Indian Ocean
12. What is the main reason that the Gangetic Plain is the most agriculturally
productive area of India?
a. It is the world’s longest c. It is irrigated by the Brahmaputra
alluvial plain. River.
b. It is India’s most populated area. d. It is irrigated by the Indus River.
13. The is a narrow crossing between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

a. Western Ghats c. Brahmaputra River
b. Khyber Pass d. Hindu Kush
14. The Sundarbans are located in a climate region.

a. desert c. humid subtropical
b. highland d. tropical wet
15. The seasons in the region depend on monsoons, or

a. seasonal precipitation. c. seasonal winds.
b. natural disasters. d. ocean currents.

16. Finding and Summarizing the Main Idea Describe a physical and a
cultural effect of the Vindhya Range in central India.
17. Making Inferences What problems arise when rivers cross international
boundaries?
IV. Applying Skills Peak, Country/Continent Height (ft)

Aconcagua, Argentina 22,834
sheet of paper. Mt. Everest, Nepal-Tibet 29,028
Kilimanjaro, Tanzania 19,340
18. Which peak on the chart is the highest?
K2, India 28,250
Where is it located?
Mt. McKinley, Alaska 20,320
19. Which peak on the chart is the lowest?
Mont Blanc, France-Italy 15,771
Where is it located?
Vinson Massif, Antarctica 16,864
20. How much higher is K2 than Mont Blanc?

Name Date Class

The eagle soared even higher in the updraft as I picked my way along
the dark rocks beside the Arabian Sea. The winds shifted with promise,
deepening the resonance of the surf, muffling even the crows that cackled
and lurched along the seawalls. The water grew choppy, and the black
thorns of fishermen’s sails scratched the horizon. Surely the time [of the
monsoon] was at hand.
—Priit J. Vesilind, “Monsoons: Life Breath of Half the World,”
21. This passage describes the coming of moist monsoon winds from the
Arabian Sea. In what season would such winds blow?
Reading a Table Use the table below to answer the following

BANGLADESH NEPAL
Population 144,200,000 25,400,000
Area 55,598 sq. mi. 56,826 sq. mi.
Physical mostly flat alluvial plain; Flat Ganges River Plain
geography hilly in southeast in south, hilly in central region,
Himalaya in north
Coastline 360 mi. none — landlocked

Arable land 73 percent 17 percent
Irrigated land 12,000 sq. mi. 3,280 sq. mi.
Labor force in 81 percent 63 percent
Agriculture
Natural hazards droughts, cyclones, severe thunderstorms, flooding,
flooding landslides, drought
Source: CIA World Factbook, 2006
22. In what ways are Bangladesh and Nepal similar?
23. Explain the difference in amount of arable land in Bangladesh and Nepal
in terms of the physical geography of the two countries.
(continued)

Name Date Class

South Asia: Economic Activity

60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E
CENTRAL EAST
ASIA ASIA
Rawalpindi
Corn
Lahore
30°N
Cotton
Wheat
Wheat
PAKISTAN BHUTAN
Delhi NEPAL
Cattle
Sheep
Rice Lucknow Rice
Sheep Goats Cattle
Kanpur Jute
Cotton Cattle
Karachi Patna
TROPIC OF Barley BANGLADESH
CANCER INDIA
Dhaka Jute
Rice Chittagong
Kolkata (Calcutta)
N
Cotton
20°N

Rice
Resources
Arabian Mumbai Sheep
Petroleum (Bombay) Pune
Sea
Natural gas Wheat
Coal Hyderabad
Bay of
Uranium
Rice
Bengal
Iron ore
Cotton
Chromite Bangalore Chennai Andaman
Gemstones (Madras) Islands
0 mi. 400
Copper
Lak
Tea 0 km 400
shad
10°N Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection

Pearls
weep
Coconuts
Land Use
Commercial farming Rubber Nicobar Is.
Subsistence farming
Nomadic herding
SRI LANKA
MALDIVES Colombo Tea
Forests
Manufacturing and trade Coconuts
Commercial fishing
Little or no activity
24. What crops are grown in eastern Pakistan?

25. In which South Asian countries are forests an important natural resource?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of South Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. joins with another river to form a delta before A. Deccan Plateau
emptying into the Bay of Bengal
2. flows mainly through Pakistan and empties into B. Ganges River
the Arabian Sea
C. Indus River
3. divides India into two distinct cultures
4. part of the landmass from which the D. Brahmaputra River

subcontinent broke away
5. river revered by Hindus E. Satpura Range

6. Located in the Himalaya, Mount is the tallest mountain in the world.

a. Karakorum b. Everest c. McKinley d. Deccan
7. Which of the following rivers flows mainly through Pakistan?

a. Ganges River c. Brahmaputra River
b. Indus River d. Brahmaputra and Ganges Rivers
8. Which statement about the Vindhya Range is accurate?

a. It is south of the Deccan c. It was formed during a
Plateau great earthquake.
b. It has created an impassable d. It separates northern and
barrier between India and China. southern India.
9. The Indus River empties into the

a. Bay of Bengal. c. Pacific Ocean.
b. Arabian Sea. d. Ganges River.
10. The Ganges Plain is

a. heavily forested. c. the world’s longest alluvial plain.
b. mostly pastureland. d. sparsely populated.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. The Eastern and Western Ghats block rainfall to the

a. Great Indian Desert. c. Ganges Plain.
b. Khyber Pass. d. Deccan Plateau.
12. When does South Asia’s wet season occur?

a. from February to June c. from October to late February
b. from June or July to September d. from May through August
13. Which river joins the Ganges River in Bangladesh to form the Ganges Delta?
a. Narmada River c. Indus River
b. Brahmaputra River d. Krishna River
14. Both petroleum and natural gas are found in and around the
a. Eastern Ghats. c. Ganges Delta.
b. Thar Desert. d. Western Ghats.
15. Which country has experienced massive soil erosion as a result of severe
overcutting?
a. Pakistan c. Nepal
b. Bhutan d. India


16. Identifying Cause and Effect Explain how climate and physical features
bring rainfall from the Arabian Sea to the Ganges Plain.
17. Comparing and Contrasting How does the climate in the northern parts
of the region differ from the most of the rest of the region?
IV. Applying Skills Country Pop. Density Percent

Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to (per sq. mile) Urban
answer the following questions on a separate Bangladesh 2,637 23%
sheet of paper.
Bhutan 49 31%
18. Which country has the highest population
Canada 8 79%
density: China, India, or France?
Chile 56 87%
19. Which country has the lowest percentage
of city dwellers? China 355 37%
France 287 76%
20. How would you compare the population
density and distribution of the United States India 884 29%
with that of India? United States 80 79%

Name Date Class

The Ghats are the principal watershed for all of peninsular India. Each
June black rain-heavy monsoon clouds sweeping in from the Indian
Ocean are intercepted by the western summits and relieved of most of
their burden—more than 29 feet of rain falls annually in some sections—
before moving on to spill what little moisture is left onto the more gradual
eastern slopes and the broad Deccan Plateau beyond. Some 60 rivers and
countless streams tumble westward down the escarpment. Three of the
most important eastward-flowing river systems of peninsular India—the
Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery [Ka– veri]—have their beginnings here as
well and have slaked the thirst and watered the fields of southern Indians
for at least 5,000 years.
—Geoffrey C. Ward, “India’s Western Ghats,” National Geographic,
January 2002
21. What is meant by the term watershed in the passage above?
22. Why is the word escarpment used to describe the Deccan Plateau in the
passage above?
The eagle soared even higher in the updraft as I picked my way along the
dark rocks beside the Arabian Sea. The winds shifted with promise,
deepening the resonance of the surf, muffling even the crows that cackled
and lurched along the seawalls. The water grew choppy, and the black
thorns of fishermen’s sails scratched the horizon. Surely the time [of the
monsoon] was at hand.

—Priit J. Vesilind, “Monsoons: Life Breath of Half the World,”
23. This passage describes the coming of moist monsoon winds from the
Arabian Sea. In what season would such winds blow?
(continued)

Name Date Class

60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E
CENTRAL EAST
ASIA ASIA
Rawalpindi
Corn
Lahore
30°N
Cotton
Wheat
Wheat
PAKISTAN BHUTAN
Delhi NEPAL
Cattle
Sheep
Rice Lucknow Rice
Sheep Goats Cattle
Kanpur Jute
Cotton Cattle
Karachi Patna
CANCER INDIA
Dhaka Jute
Rice Chittagong
Kolkata (Calcutta)
N
Cotton
20°N

Rice
Resources
Petroleum (Bombay) Pune
Sea
Natural gas Wheat
Coal Hyderabad
Bay of
Uranium
Rice
Bengal
Iron ore
Cotton
Chromite Bangalore Chennai Andaman
Gemstones (Madras) Islands
0 mi. 400
Copper
Lak
Tea 0 km 400
shad
10°N Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection

Pearls
weep
Coconuts
Land Use
Commercial farming Rubber Nicobar Is.
Subsistence farming
Nomadic herding
SRI LANKA
MALDIVES Colombo Tea
Forests
Manufacturing and trade Coconuts
Commercial fishing
24. Which mainland countries are not involved in commercial fishing?

25. Where in the region is iron ore located?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
India
A B
1. home of the highest concentrations of India’s A. Bollywood
population
2. India’s second-largest city and part of a B. Mumbai (Bombay)
sprawling megalopolis
C. Kolkata (Calcutta)
3. thriving port city on a branch of the
Ganges River
D. Delhi
4. nickname for India’s film industry
5. India’s main port on the Arabian Sea E. Gangetic Plain

(10 points each)
6. Most Indians live in

a. cities. c. mountainous regions.
b. Bhutan. d. rural farm villages.
7. The people of India speak official languages.

a. 2 c. 13
b. 7 d. 23
8. Jati describes social position and work among

a. Buddhist monks. c. officials of the Indian government.
b. Hindu people. d. the Jains.
9. India’s main religions include , Sikhism, Jainism, and Christianity.

I. Shintoism, Buddhism, Judaism
II. Buddhism, Taoism, Shintoism
III. Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism
a. II c. I
b. III d. I and III
10. Hindu belief requires every person to carry out his or her , or moral
duty.
a. karma c. lama
b. dharma d. guru

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Pakistan and Bangladesh

A B
1. disputed territory between Pakistan and India A. Harappa
2. the official language of Pakistan

B. Aryans
3. religious group that incorporates elements of
Hinduism and Islam
C. Sikhs
4. the third most densely populated city in the
world D. Kashmir
5. group that moved into the Indus River valley
around 1500 B.C. E. Dhaka

(10 points each)
6. South Asia’s earliest civilizations arose in

a. the Indus River valley. c. Bangladesh.
b. Ceylon. d. Kashmir.
7. What is the main ethnic group of Bangladesh?

a. Punjabi c. Pashtun
b. Sindhi d. Bengali
8. The modern capital of Pakistan is

a. Karachi. c. Dhaka.
b. Islamabad. d. Lahore.
9. More Pakistanis speak than any other language.

a. Punjabi c. Urdu
b. Bangla d. English
10. When Hindu and Muslim leaders could not agree on a constitution, Britain
granted independence to two separate states, and .
a. India; Pakistan c. Pakistan; Bangladesh
b. India; Kashmir d. Kashmir; Bangladesh

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka

A B
1. ethnic majority in Sri Lanka A. Nepal
2. Dutch law remains the basis of law in this

country B. Maldives
3. began a southward expansion in the 1700s

C. Sri Lanka
under the Shah dynasty
4. repetitive prayers D. Sinhalese
5. first settled by Buddhist peoples from southern
Asia E. mantras

(10 points each)
6. About 35 percent of the people in Bhutan

a. are of Nepalese ancestry. c. practice Tibetan Buddhism.

b. are descendants of Tibetan d. attend elementary school.
peoples.
7. The ruled the Maldive Islands in the late 1500s.

a. Portugese c. British
b. Dutch d. French
8. The two main ethnic groups of Sri Lanka are

a. the Sherpas and the c. the Sinhalese and the Tamils.
Tibeto-Nepalese.
b. the Sharchops and the Gurung. d. the Bhote and the Licchavi.
9. The stupas of Nepal and Sri Lanka are

a. religious shrines. c. Buddhist poems.
b. chanted prayers. d. Hindu priests.
10. Only life expectancy comes close to that of the United States.
a. Nepal’s and Bhutan’s c. Bhutan’s and Sri Lanka’s
b. Sri Lanka’s and Maldives’ d. Maldives’ and Nepal’s

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of South Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. fortified Buddhist monastery A. dharma
2. Buddhist repetitive prayer B. stupa
3. Hindu concept of moral duty
C. dzong
4. Hindu concept of individual responsibility
for good and bad actions D. mantra
5. domed Buddhist shrine E. karma

6. The highest population concentrations in South Asia are found

a. in the Thar Desert. c. on the Deccan Plateau.
b. in Nepal. d. on the Gangetic Plain.
7. People within which of the following religious groups also identify themselves
as part of a jati?
a. Muslims b. Christians c. Sikhs d. Hindus
8. Why did Pakistan and Bangladesh become separate countries?

a. They shared Islam but had c. The British forced the two to become
little else in common. separate countries.
b. Hindus in Pakistan and Muslims d. The two land areas were separated by
in Bangladesh did not get along. India.
9. Which of the following is the most densely populated country in South Asia?
a. Bangladesh b. Pakistan c. India d. Sri Lanka
10. Which South Asian countries have a monarchy as their form of government?
a. Pakistan and Bhutan c. Nepal and Bhutan
b. Maldives and India d. Nepal and India
11. The Aryans arrived in the Indus Valley and wrote the Vedas
a. after the Indus Valley civilization c. during the height of the Indus
crumbled. Valley civilization.
b. with the help of Mohandas d. with the help of Siddhartha Gautama.
Gandhi.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Hindus believe that after death,

a. a person’s spirit ceases to exist. c. people join many gods and goddesses.
b. each person will be offered the d. most people are reborn as another
chance to enter nirvana. living thing.
13. South Asia’s most urbanized country is
a. India. b. Pakistan. c. Bangladesh. d. Sri Lanka.
14. One government program aimed at reducing population growth in Bangladesh

a. enforces a one-child policy. c. provides small business loans to
women.
b. encourages voluntary sterilization d. provides small business loans for men.
of women.
15. Pakistan has been in conflict with over the Kashmir region for decades.
a. India b. Great Britain c. Bangladesh d. Maldives

16. Drawing Conclusions How does the diversity of languages in South Asia
both benefit and cause problems for people?
17. Making Connections What are some problems that the flow of people
from rural areas to cities has created for South Asia’s cities?
IV. Applying Skills

Comparing Maps Use the maps below to answer the following questions
India Early 1800s India 1858 India 1947

British East India British India Boundary of
Company KASHMIR Indian States present-day India
Indian States
BALUCHISTAN PAKISTAN
OUDH 1947 New Delhi
MARATHA Plassey RAJPUTANA

INDIA BURMA
CONFEDERACY BURMA 1947 1948
HYDERABAD HYDERABAD PAKISTAN
Arabian Arabian Arabian 1947
Sea Bay of Sea Bay of Sea
Bengal Bengal
MYSORE MYSORE Bay of
Bengal
TRAVANCORE TRAVANCORE
CEYLON CEYLON
1948
18. What areas of India did the British East India Company occupy in the
early 1800s?
19. In 1858 which states remained independent of British India?
20. How does the third map differ from the first two?

Name Date Class

British rule in India was not malign [or] needlessly cruel. . . . [T]he
purpose of British rule was to educate Indians to be able to rule
themselves and for the British to retire. . . . When freedom came, the
British left us valuable legacies, which have come in very useful to us
in ruling ourselves to some purpose.
—M.R. Masani, former opposition leader of the Indian Parliament
[The British] tried to educate a certain middle class and allowed it all the
facilities; but the basic reforms they did not carry out. Our literacy rates
were so poor, and our technology has taken years to catch up with mod-
ern development. . . . They needn’t have left us to chaos, as they did, and
divided our country.
—Aruna Asaf Ali, Indian nationalist leader
21. Which of these political leaders believes that British rule benefited India?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Top Five Languages Spoken in India
PERCENT OF
LANGUAGE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS POPULATION
Hindi 46.4%
Bengali 6.9%
Telugu 6.7%
Marathi 6.6%
= 20 million speakers
Tamil 6.0%

Other 27.4%
Languages
22. How many people in India speak Tamil?

23. According to the graph, which language is spoken most widely in India?
Reading a Map Use the map on the right to answer the

ASIA N
Islamabad KASHMIR
H
I
24. Use the map to explain why both Pakistan and India want M
PAKISTAN A
control of Kashmir. New L A Y A
Delhi
25. Explain the religious conflict that contributes to the
INDIA
India-Pakistan struggle over Kashmir, including how
Arabian
religion affected the partition of India after independence Sea Bay of
from Britain. Bengal
0 mi. 600
0 km 600

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of South Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. Hindu belief of rebirth A. mercantilism
2. Buddhist monk B. raj
3. Hindi word meaning “empire”
C. imperialism
4. political and economic domination
D. lama
5. system of using colonies for supplying materials
and markets E. reincarnation

6. How much of the world’s population lives in India?

a. about 5 percent c. more than 15 percent
b. about 10 percent d. more than 20 percent
7. In Pakistan most people are

a. Hindus. c. Buddhists.
b. Muslims. d. Christians.
8. A jati is a group that indicates a person’s

a. gender. c. income.
b. social position. d. location.
9. The Indus Valley is the site of , one of the world’s oldest cities.
a. Kolkata (Calcutta) c. Dhaka
b. Mumbai (Bombay) d. Harappa
10. Which two countries in South Asia have developed nuclear weapons?
a. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh c. India and Pakistan
b. Nepal and Maldives d. Pakistan and Bangladesh
11. The ancient outline Aryan ideas about social structure and religion.
a. Vedas c. jati
b. Ramayana d. dharma
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. was India’s beloved nonviolent political and spiritual leader.

a. Indira Gandhi c. Nawaz Sharif
b. Mohandas Gandhi d. Pervez Musharraf
13. Education in Pakistan and Bangladesh

a. is on par with the rest of the c. exceeds that of India.
developed world.
b. has lagged behind the rest of d. exceeds that of the developed world.
the region.
14. make up the largest religious group in India.

a. Jains c. Muslims
b. Buddhists d. Hindus
15. Which of the following countries is the most ethnically diverse?

a. Nepal c. Sri Lanka
b. Bhutan d. Maldives

16. Making Inferences What challenges are faced by educators in South Asia?
17. Categorizing Information What are the two great religions in South Asia?
Briefly explain how these two religions have blended through the region.

IV. Applying Skills
Comparing Maps Use the maps below to answer the following questions
India Early 1800s India 1858 India 1947

British East India British India Boundary of
Company KASHMIR Indian States present-day India
Indian States
BALUCHISTAN PAKISTAN
OUDH 1947 New Delhi
MARATHA Plassey RAJPUTANA

INDIA BURMA
CONFEDERACY BURMA 1947 1948
HYDERABAD HYDERABAD PAKISTAN
Arabian Arabian Arabian 1947
Sea Bay of Sea Bay of Sea
Bengal Bengal
MYSORE MYSORE Bay of
Bengal
TRAVANCORE TRAVANCORE
CEYLON CEYLON
1948
18. In the early 1800s, in which of today’s South Asian countries did the
British East India Company control the most territory?
19. Which map shows the British in control of most of Pakistan?
20. How does the third map differ from the first two?

Name Date Class

British rule in India was not malign [or] needlessly cruel. . . . [T]he
purpose of British rule was to educate Indians to be able to rule them-
selves and for the British to retire. . . . When freedom came, the British
left us valuable legacies, which have come in very useful to us in ruling
ourselves to some purpose.
—M.R. Masani, former opposition leader of the Indian Parliament
[The British] tried to educate a certain middle class and allowed it all the
facilities; but the basic reforms they did not carry out. Our literacy rates
were so poor, and our technology has taken years to catch up with mod-
ern development. . . . They needn’t have left us to chaos, as they did, and
divided our country.
—Aruna Asaf Ali, Indian nationalist leader
21. Which of these political leaders believes that British rule benefited India?
South Asia: Religions

60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E 100°E
N
A S I A
30°N BHUTAN
PAKISTA N
NEPAL
T R O PIC O F
CANCER
I N D I A
20°N
BANGLADESH Major
Religions
Hinduism
Andaman Buddhism
Islands Islam
Christianity
Nicobar Sikhism
Lakshadweep SRI
LANKA Islands Local
0 mi. 400
MALDIVES 0 km 400
22. In which parts of South Asia are the people predominantly Buddhist?
23. Where is Sikhism practiced?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Percent Enrolled in Secondary School

in Selected South Asian Countries
Country 1980 2004
Males Females Males Females
Bangladesh 26 9 45 50
India 39 20 58 47
Nepal 33 9 50 39
Pakistan 20 8 26 19
Sri Lanka 52 57 84 89
Source: Population Reference Bureau, World’s Youth 2006 Data Sheet.
24. According to the table above, which country showed the least improvement in
overall school enrollment between 1980 and 2004?
a. India c. Pakistan
b. Nepal d. Sri Lanka
25. According to the table above, which country showed the most improvement in
female enrollment between 1980 and 2004?
a. Bangladesh c. Nepal
b. India d. Sri Lanka

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. traditional Indian homespun fabric A. Chittagong
2. energy source consisting of plant materials and B. Hyderabad
animal dung
C. biomass
3. businesses that employ workers in their homes
4. part of “India’s Silicon Valley” D. khadi
5. port in Bangladesh E. cottage industries

(10 points each)
6. In Sri Lanka farmers grow on huge plantations.

a. winter wheat and rice c. vegetables for local people
b. cotton and hemp d. tea, rubber, and coconuts
7. Freedom of the press is limited in

a. Pakistan. c. Bhutan and Nepal.
b. India and Bangladesh. d. Sri Lanka and Maldives.
8. During the , scientists helped South Asians develop more productive

crop varieties.
a. green revolution of the 1960s c. Chipko movement
b. Indian independence movement d. monsoon movement
9. Most South Asian people work as

a. shipbreakers. c. weavers.
b. farmers. d. technology experts.
10. Which country does not have seaports linking major ocean trade routes?
a. Pakistan c. Bangladesh
b. Bhutan d. Sri Lanka

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. movement whose nurseries provide seedlings A. wildlife reserves
for reforestation
B. Chipko
2. Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka
3. focus of two recent wars between India and C. Dalits

Pakistan
D. Kashmir
4. protected animal habitats
5. the lowest Indian social status E. Sinhalese

(10 points each)
6. A primary reason for South Asia’s increasing environmental problems is

a. the region’s high standard c. nuclear disasters.

of living.
b. violent summer weather. d. the region’s huge population.
7. Which environmental problem made Sri Lanka more vulnerable to devastation

by the 2004 tsunami?
a. deforestation c. pollution from industry
b. lack of access to clean water d. poaching
8. The disputed border between Pakistan and India is known as the

a. Line of Control. c. Hindu Kush.
b. Bay of Bengal. d. Narmada River.
9. Bengal tigers in Southeast Asia are threatened by

a. environmentalists. c. the government.
b. poachers. d. tourists.
10. India experiences internal conflicts among

a. various sects of Buddhist monks. c. militant Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.
b. members of various Hindu sects. d. local government officials.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: South Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. plant materials and animal dung collected and A. cash crop
burned for fuel
2. a crop raised for sale rather than personal B. ecotourism
consumption
3. encourages responsible interaction with the C. cottage industry
environment
4. a business that employs workers in their homes D. biomass
5. a program to increase higher yields of wheat,

rice, and other crops E. green revolution

6. Which of the following have reduced animals’ natural habitats in South Asia?
a. air and water pollution c. deforestation and irrigation
b. erosion and flooding d. industrialization and poaching
7. Ship breakers in Chittagong, Bangladesh, dismantle old ships in order to

a. create light industry. c. assist cottage industries.
b. provide work for unemployed d. recycle iron and steel.
city residents.
8. Those who oppose the construction of the Narmada River dam

a. argue that ancestral villages c. want to resettle in cities and
will be flooded. temporary camps.
b. believe that damming the river d. complain that building the dam will
for irrigation is important. be expensive.
9. Pakistan and India disagree about the political borders of

a. Bangladesh. b. Bhutan. c. Kashmir. d. Nepal.
(continued)

Name Date Class
10. Most tourists visit South Asia to see

a. wild animals, mountains, temples, c. sophisticated metropolitan regions.
and festivals.
b. great forests, unspoiled by d. Buddhist monasteries.
human activity.
11. Why has tourism declined in Sri Lanka?

a. pollution c. religious and political conflict
b. habitat destruction d. anti-tourist government policies
12. Since 1996, rebels in have been trying to establish a Communist republic.
a. Bhutan c. Pakistan
b. Sri Lanka d. Nepal
13. Most farmers in South Asia

a. go into debt to buy chemical c. own large parcels of land.
fertilizers and heavy equipment.
b. plow fields, carry water, and d. produce more food than their
sow seed by hand. communities can eat.
14. Cottage industries in India produce

a. fine silk material and silk clothing. c. jewelry, woodcarvings, and cloth.
b. computer software. d. ships.
15. What has been the cause of erosion, floods, and loss of soil in Bangladesh and
Sri Lanka?

a. deforestation b. drought c. poaching d. war

16. Drawing Conclusions Describe several ways in which the growing
human population is having negative effects on the environment of
South Asia.
17. Making Generalizations In general, how do most South Asians live?
IV. Applying Skills Populations of Selected Indian Cities

City Metropolitan Central
answer the following questions on a separate Area (2006) City (2003)
sheet of paper.
Chennai 7,040,000 3,841,000
18. Which city has the largest population?
Delhi 16,000,000 7,206,000
19. Does the central city of Kolkata have
Hyderabad 6,340,000 3,145,000
more people or fewer people than the
metropolitan area of Delhi? Kolkata 14,570,000 4,399,000
20. Which city has the smallest population? Mumbai 18,840,000 9,925,000
Sources: www.citymayors.com

Name Date Class

Oppression of the 160 to 180 million Dalits, who are viewed as being too
low to even be part of the caste system, is one of the most repelling, but
enduring, realities of the Indian countryside. Equally oppressive is the vio-
lence perpetrated against them....Yet, the Dalits are resisting. In parts of
the country, they are organizing politically to demand their rights. A Dalit
woman rules the largest state, Uttar Pradesh.
—Praful Bidwai, “Subhuman Lives” India Together (online), October
2002, www.indiatogether.org/dalit/articles/bidwai1002.htm
21. How are the people of India working to change discrimination against
Dalits?

Causes Challenges
growing population, timber operations, deforestation
traditional slash-and-burn practices
endangered animals
nuclear proliferation
22. Complete the chart by listing causes for endangered animals in South Asia.
23. Complete the chart by listing causes for nuclear proliferation in

South Asia.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Graph Use the graphs below to answer the following questions
Employment by Economic Sector

India Pakistan
Industry Industry
17% 20%
Agriculture
Agriculture Services 42%
60% 23% Services
38%
24. In which economic sector does India employ a larger percentage of the
population than does Pakistan?

25. India is a leading exporter of software. In which economic sector does
this type of work belong?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: South Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. reforestation program that provides seedlings A. poaching
2. using resources at a rate that does not deplete B. sustainable development

them
C. Dalits
3. lowest social class in India
4. illegal killing of wild animals D. nuclear proliferation
5. the spreading development of nuclear arms E. Chipko

6. Which South Asian countries have nuclear capability?

a. India and Pakistan c. Nepal and India
b. India and Bangladesh d. Bhutan and Pakistan
7. The effort to increase and diversify crop yields in India that began in the 1960s
is called
a. the green revolution. c. ecotourism.
b. cottage industries. d. sustainable development.
8. Farms in India are generally , while farms in Sri Lanka are generally
.
a. very small, very large c. unproductive, productive
b. very large, very small d. productive, unproductive
9. What is the dominant crop grown in Bangladesh’s delta region and along the
region’s great rivers?
a. peaches c. corn
b. wheat d. rice
10. Which of the following is an example of biomass?

a. oil c. natural gas
b. nuclear power d. plant material
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Cottage industries are most closely associated with

a. large corporations. c. government-run industries.
b. small businesses. d. homebuilding.
12. South Asia is in a state of environmental crisis due to

a. nuclear waste. c. rising sea levels.
b. dams. d. deforestation.
13. Which of the following threats to wildlife is being addressed through economic
incentives?
a. deforestation c. livestock protection
b. irrigation d. poaching
14. Four of the world’s most polluted cities are located in

a. Pakistan. c. Bangladesh.
b. India. d. Nepal.
15. What was created in the 1970s in Bangladesh to help impoverished people start
their own small businesses?
a. a job-training program c. a bank-operated microcredit program
b. a government-funded loan program d. a business college

16. Predicting Consequences Bhutan has been reluctant to accept modern

technology, industry, and tourism. How might this reluctance and caution
benefit Bhutan?
17. Problem Solving How would an investment in primary and secondary
education solve the problem of worker shortages in India’s high-tech
industries?
IV. Applying Skills Percent Enrolled in Secondary School

Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to in Selected South Asian Countries
answer the following questions on a separate 1980 2004
sheet of paper. Males Females Males Females
18. Which country has the highest percentage Bangladesh 26 9 45 50
of its people in secondary education? India 39 20 58 47
19. Which country had the lowest percentages Nepal 33 9 50 39
in 1980? In 2004? Pakistan 20 8 26 19
20. Does the information shown in this chart Sri Lanka 52 57 84 89

support the conclusion that conditions Source: Population Reference Bureau; World’s Youth 2006 Data Sheet
are improving for women in Bangladesh?
Explain your answer.

Name Date Class

Traditionally, this region has been covered in thick mangrove forests. But
the forests have since been depleted by almost 85%. . . . Of the eight
species of mangrove forests, only one survives. The destruction of man-
grove forests has sounded the death-knell for fish species such as tiger
shrimp, palla fish and dangri . . . . These forests also face threats from oil
spills, increasing pollution from nearby Karachi, declining water levels in
the river Indus and pressures from traditional fishermen who make clear-
ings in the forests for fishing. . . . [The mangrove forests] provide natural
protection to the shoreline and the port, and cut down coastal erosion.
Mangroves also reduce the need for dredging.
—“WWF, Shell launch ‘save mangrove project’ in Sindh,” Info Change
News & Features (online), October 9, 2003,
www.infochangeindia.org/index.jsp
21. What are some problems caused by the decline of mangrove forests?
I have been climbing since well before dawn, and now I am alone at
17,000 feet. . . . Around me in a vast arc stand the snowy crests of the
majestic Annapurna Range. The day is cloudy, not a breath of wind. The
solitary splendor is dazzling—until I glance down at my feet. There,
frozen into the ice cap of Tharpu Chuli, lies a miniature garbage dump:
discarded candy wrappers, film cartons, plastic bags, wads of tissue, and
half-empty food cans, all of it left by foreign climbing groups. It is a
familiar and sickening sight to old Himalaya hands—the growing pollution

of a priceless heritage.
—Galen Rowell, “Annapurna: Sanctuary for the Himalayas,”
National Geographic, September 1989
22. According to this passage, what is one challenge that South Asia faces in
balancing tourism and environmental protection?
(continued)

Name Date Class

60°E 70°E 80°E 90°E Resources
Petroleum
Natural gas
Coal
CENTRAL EAST Uranium
ASIA ASIA
Iron ore
Rawalpindi Chromite
Corn Gemstones
Lahore
Cotton Copper
30°N
Wheat
Wheat
PAKISTAN BHUTAN
Delhi NEPAL
Cattle
Sheep
Rice Lucknow Rice
Sheep Goats Cattle
Kanpur Jute
Cotton Cattle
Karachi Patna
CANCER INDIA
Dhaka Jute
Rice Chittagong
Kolkata (Calcutta)
N
Cotton
20°N
Rice

(Bombay) Pune
Sea Wheat
Hyderabad
Bay of
Rice
Bengal
Cotton
Bangalore Chennai Andaman
(Madras) Islands
0 mi. 400
Lak
Tea 0 km 400
shad
Land Use10°N Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection

Pearls
weep
Commercial farming Coconuts

Subsistence farming
Rubber Nicobar Is.
Nomadic herding
Hunting and gathering SRI LANKA
Forests MALDIVES Colombo Tea
Manufacturing and trade
Commercial fishing Coconuts
23. What cities are near jute-growing areas?

24. What industry do Chennai (Madras) and Colombo have in common?
25. What is the main commercial farming crop in Sri Lanka? What problems
does its dominance create for the local population?
Name Date Class
Form A Test
South Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. moral duty A. Ganges
2. leader of India’s fight for independence B. Mohandas Gandhi
3. “The Awakened One” C. Siddhartha Gautama
4. great Hindu empire, A.D. 320–500 D. dharma
5. India’s “sacred river” E. Gupta

6. What are monsoons?

a. mountains to the east of c. India’s hot and dry seasons, lasting
the Himalaya from June through August
b. seasonal winds which bring rains d. Hindu temples along the Indus River
in the summer and dry air in

the winter
7. The governments of have regulated tourism to protect threatened

natural and cultural resources.
a. Nepal and Bhutan c. Sri Lanka and Maldives
b. Bhutan and Maldives d. Bhutan and Sri Lanka
8. What is the “golden crop” that produces income for Bangladesh?

a. tea c. jute
b. coconuts d. rice
9. Which statements about South Asian farmers are accurate?

I. It is difficult to feed Bangladesh’s huge population with what they produce.
II. Most farm in the Gangetic Plain.
III. They grow only subsistence crops.
a. I, II, and III c. I and II
b. I and III d. II and III
10. What portion of the world’s population lives in the Gangetic Plain?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 8, Form A Test
11. The Indian subcontinent was once

a. part of Southeast Asia. c. part of the Pacific tectonic plate.
b. volcanic lava and ash. d. part of the same landmass as Africa.
12. The vegetation of a tropical savanna climate

a. includes grasslands. c. requires year-round rainfall.
b. includes coniferous trees. d. includes only shrubs.
13. In 2004, a powerful caused widespread devastation in Sri Lanka.

a. tornado c. flash flood
b. monsoon d. tsunami
14. Many people in Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Dhaka

a. work as sherpas in the Himalaya. c. live on the Deccan Plateau.
b. live in extreme poverty and in d. practice subsistence farming along
overcrowded conditions. the Indus River.
15. Which religion includes the concepts of karma and dharma?

a. Hinduism c. Daoism
b. Buddhism d. Islam
III. Critical Thinking Questions History of India and Pakistan

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following
2500 B.C. Rise of Indus Valley civilization

1500 B.C. Aryans arrive and Hinduism develops
16. Identifying Cause and Effect Describe
three climate regions of South Asia, and 563 B.C. Birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha
explain how physical features affect 320–180 B.C. Mauryan Empire; Buddhism becomes favored
them. religion
17. Summarizing the Main Idea Describe A.D. 320–550 Gupta Empire; Hindu culture flourishes
current conflicts between Muslims and 1100s First Muslim kingdom established
Hindus in South Asia.
1510 Portuguese capture Goa on India’s
west coast
IV. Applying Skills 1527 Mogul Empire established
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on 1857 British government takes control of most
the right to answer the following questions of India
1885 Indian National Congress founded,
18. When did Islam arrive, in force, beginning the movement for
independence
in India?
early 1940s Muslim League demands partition of India
19. For about how long did the British into separate Muslim and Hindu states
government control India?
1947 Independence for India and Pakistan
20. What events on this time line help
you understand why India and Source: Oxford Encyclopedia of World History
Pakistan are separate countries today?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
South Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. spiritual advisors A. caste system
2. annual rain-bearing winds
B. monsoons
3. visiting a place to appreciate its natural
environment C. ecotourism
4. centuries-old set of social classifications in India
D. gurus
5. people who are expert guides on Himalayan
treks E. Sherpas
6. Wildlife reserves in South Asia
a. are common throughout the c. have been planned but not yet
Ganges Plain. opened.
b. are working to reverse d. have saved South Asia’s endangered
wildlife losses. species.
7. Which statement about relations between Hindus and Muslims is true?

a. The two groups have worked c. Muslims and Hindus are fighting in
together only in conservation Sri Lanka.
projects.
b. The two groups share a belief in d. The two groups are in conflict over
nirvana. Kashmir.
8. The forests of Nepal
a. have been protected for more c. are now protected by the government.
than four centuries.
b. provide lumber for Kolkata’s d. are located primarily in India.
apartment buildings.
9. Mohandas Gandhi’s philosophy was based on
a. belief in nonviolence and truth. c. belief in the importance of strength.
b. a desire for independence for d. historical methods of resolving
India at any price. conflict in the region.
10. Which statement about South Asia’s economy is accurate?
a. It is in constant recession. c. The population is supported by the
region’s abundant resources.
b. Increased trade has helped d. Economic growth is slowing down.
countries become more
interdependent.
(continued)
Name Date Class
Unit 8, Form B Test
11. Most people in India

a. live in the Ganges Plain. c. work on huge plantations.
b. are Muslim. d. are Christian.
12. Sri Lanka is an island that

a. was created by a volcano. c. was formed by coral reefs.
b. broke off the Indian subcontinent. d. has a primarily desert climate.
13. Nepal and Bhutan India.

a. are hotter and more humid than c. are more mountainous and more
populated than
b. share the same climate and d. are more mountainous and less
population density as populous than
14. is the world’s highest peak.
a. Vindya Range c. Deccan Plateau
b. Khyber Pass d. Mount Everest
15. The employed a policy called mercantilism in India.

a. Chinese c. British
b. Mogul Empire d. Gupta

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following History of India and Pakistan
questions on a separate sheet of paper. 2500 B.C. Rise of Indus Valley civilization
16. Drawing Conclusions Why do you

1500 B.C. Aryans arrive and Hinduism develops
think Mohandas Gandhi’s methods
helped force the British to grant 563 B.C. Birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha
India independence? 320–180 B.C. Mauryan Empire; Buddhism becomes favored
17. Comparing and Contrasting Compare religion
and contrast two of South Asia’s major A.D. 320–550 Gupta Empire; Hindu culture flourishes
religions.
1100s First Muslim kingdom established
1510 Portuguese capture Goa on India’s
IV. Applying Skills west coast
Reading a Time Line Use the time line on 1527 Mogul Empire established
on a separate sheet of paper. 1857 British government takes control of most
of India
18. About when did Buddhism take hold
1885 Indian National Congress founded,
in India? beginning the movement for
19. For about how long did India’s fight independence
for independence from Britain last? early 1940s Muslim League demands partition of India
20. What events on this time line help into separate Muslim and Hindu states
you understand why in some parts of 1947 Independence for India and Pakistan
South Asia, Buddhism and Hinduism
have accepted some of each other’s Source: Oxford Encyclopedia of World History
philosophies and traditions?

Name Date Class
Pretest
East Asia
A B
1. military ruler of feudal Japan A. culture hearth
2. form of Japanese poetry B. shogun
3. fleet of ships for commercial transport C. trade surplus
4. a center from which ideas and practices spread D. typhoon
5. violent storm of the western Pacific Ocean
E. samurai
6. person who speaks out against government
F. merchant marine
7. cultivation of fish
G. dissident
8. warrior in feudal Japan
H. haiku
9. exports exceed imports
I. aquaculture
10. enormous wave usually caused by an undersea
earthquake J. tsunami
11. East Asia contains economies.

a. only command c. only market
b. market and command d. neither command nor market
12. Most people in China work in

a. the arts. c. government.
b. industry. d. agriculture.
13. Which of the following are island countries in East Asia?

a. Mongolia and China c. Taiwan and Japan
b. Taiwan and South Korea d. China and Taiwan
14. Because East Asia is a meeting point of tectonic plates, the region
a. has very little seismic activity c. is subject to intense hurricanes
or tidal waves. in the spring.
b. experiences earthquakes and d. is not considered to be part
volcanic eruptions. of the Ring of Fire.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 9, Pretest
15. Monsoons are

a. seasonal winds that have a c. earthquake-proof buildings found
great effect on the climate. in northern Japan.
b. ocean currents that have a great d. boats that operate as fishing factories
effect on the climate. on the South China Sea.
16. The only East Asian country that is landlocked is

a. China. c. North Korea.
b. Mongolia. d. South Korea.
17. Japan is the leading in East Asia.

a. agricultural producer c. user of bicycles for transportation
b. lumber exporter d. industrial nation
18. East Asian culture began in

a. Japan and then spread to the rest c. China and spread to Korea and Japan.
of the region.
b. Mongolia and then spread d. Korea and spread to China and Japan.
directly to Japan.
19. Where do most people in China live?

a. in rural areas c. on mountains and in the
Western Highlands
b. in fertile valleys and plains of d. in the southwestern part of the country
China’s three great rivers

20. Which of the following statements about environmental protection laws in
Japan is accurate?
a. As of 2000 Japan had no c. Japan has been very slow to
environmental protection laws implement a few anti-pollution laws.
in place.
b. Since the 1880s Japan has had d. Japan has very strict anti-pollution
strict environmental laws. laws today.

21. Drawing Conclusions Why is fishing a very important part of the

economy for much of East Asia?
22. Making Generalizations What generalization can you make about
population distribution in East Asia?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. desert with frequent dust storms A. South China Sea
2. island chain –
B. Honshu
3. Japan’s largest island
C. archipelago
4. body of water that was formed by tectonic
activity D. Himalaya
5. separates China from South Asia E. Gobi

(10 points each)
6. Most of the mountainous islands of East Asia

a. were formed by folds in the c. are inactive volcanoes.
ocean floor.
b. were formed only within the last d. are the product of volcanic activity.
500 years.
7. East Asia’s Ring of Fire is a

a. single large volcano in an c. mountain range between China
island chain. and Mongolia.
b. place of frequent earthquakes d. devastating tsunami in 1901 that killed
and active volcanoes. thousands of people.
8. Where is Mount Fuji located?

a. South Korea b. the Philippines c. Japan d. Mongolia
9. China’s Yangtze River is the

a. longest river in all of Asia. c. second-longest river in East Asia.
b. longest river in the world. d. source of yellow-colored soil that it
deposits along its banks.
10. Natural resources and productive farmlands are

a. evenly distributed throughout c. hard to find in East Asia.
East Asia.
b. unevenly distributed throughout d. most abundant in the western sections
East Asia. of East Asia.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. cold-water ocean current A. typhoon
2. brings snow and cold temperatures to Japan
B. Kuril
and the Koreas
3. producer of more than 80 percent of the C. winter monsoon
rainfall in East Asia
D. Hainan
4. violent storm
5. island with a tropical wet climate E. summer monsoon

(10 points each)
6. Typhoons are caused by

a. the meeting of storm systems c. the interaction of ocean currents and

with high mountains. monsoon winds.
b. wintertime currents of dry, d. an influx of tropical air from the
cold air. northern Mongolian Plain.
7. East Asia’s support grasses and a few trees.

a. tropical rain forest regions c. fertile coastal plains and river valleys
b. inland steppe areas d. yurts
8. The Japan Current flows

a. south and brings cold to the land. c. south and brings warmth to the land.
b. north and brings cold to the land. d. north and brings warmth to the land.
9. The mulberry tree is important to East Asia because

a. silk worms eat the leaves. c. mulberries help people live longer.
b. the giant panda eats the mulberries. d. the leaves are used to brew tea.
10. What kind of climate is found in the southeastern quarter of East Asia?
a. steppe c. tropical dry
b. marine west coast d. humid subtropical

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of East Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. location of Mount Fuji A. Himalaya
2. one of East Asia’s only extensive lowland areas B. Huang He
3. Asia’s longest river –
C. Honshu
4. northern China’s major river D. Northeast Plain
5. landform that separates China from South Asia E. Chang Jiang

6. What is an archipelago?
a. a large mountain range c. a large, flat coastal plain
b. a chain of lakes d. a chain or group of islands
7. Hokkaido – is the
a. largest of the major Japanese c. northernmost of the major Japanese

islands. islands.
b. southernmost of the major d. trust territory held by the Chinese
Japanese islands. government.
8. Earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes are
a. not a problem in East Asia. c. the result of monsoon wind cycles.
b. the result of ocean currents. d. caused by movement of tectonic plates.
9. Winds from the Gobi bring

a. dust storms to parts of China c. drifts of volcanic ash across East Asia.
and Mongolia.
b. rain to China’s agricultural areas. d. acid rain to China’s coastal cities.
10. Monsoon winds in East Asia blow from the

a. southwest in winter and c. northeast in winter and southwest
northeast in summer. in summer.
b. northwest in winter and d. southeast in winter and northwest
southeast in summer. in summer.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. The Japan Current is an ocean current that

a. warms the landmasses of Japan. c. causes tsunamis to hit the coast
of Japan.
b. has little or no effect on Japan. d. brings frigid cold water to the
Japanese islands.
12. The form a natural barrier between Mongolia and China.
a. Himalaya c. Altay Shan
b. Kunlan Shan d. Pamirs
13. East Asia’s are dominated by dry highlands and grasslands.

a. north and east c. north and west
b. south and east d. south and west
14. Which of the following waterways is made yellow by the loess it carries?
a. Huang He c. Xi
b. Chang Jiang d. Grand Canal
15. East Asia’s rivers provide

a. a good way to travel into the c. very little other than drinking water.
high mountains.
b. important transportation systems d. little hydroelectric power because they
and support fertile farmlands. are so small.


16. Problem Solving What are some ways in which the people of East Asia can
prepare for the natural disasters, such as earthquakes, that strike the region?
17. Comparing and Contrasting How are the summer and winter monsoons
different from each other?
East Asian Ocean Currents
IV. Applying Skills
Warm water
Reading a Map Use the map on the right current
to answer the following questions on a Cold water
separate sheet of paper. current
18. What is the name of the warm water Kuril Current

current?
19. Which parts of the Japanese islands
are affected by the Kuril Current?
20. Which current would be more likely
to bring cold weather?
Japan Current

Name Date Class

The journey toward the epicentre of the earthquake which struck Taiwan
this week takes the traveller across an extraordinary landscape. Factories,
farmland, and homes push hard against one another beneath hills still
clothed in primeval greenery, in a land neither urban or rural any more
but an intense mixture of both.
—Martin Woollacott, “After the Quake Come the Tremors of
Democracy,” The Guardian, September 24, 1999
21. What does this passage tell you about the location of Taiwan?
Average Rainfall in Selected Cities in China

10
9 Beijing
Chengdu
8
Average Monthly Rainfall (in inches)
Hangzhou
7 Urumqi
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Months
22. Throughout the year, Beijing always receives less rainfall than .
23. In May and June, receives the greatest average rainfall.
(continued)

Name Date Class
East Asia: Physical Map

140°E 160°E
60°E ARCTIC CIRCLE
60 80°E
°N 100°E
120°E
0 mi. 1,000
0 km 1,000
Sea
of
Okhotsk
RUSSIA
50°
N
Amur R.
U ssu r i R .
an Ra.
Hokkaido
R.
Ha u
a
AL ng Hentiyn gh
g
TA ay n
So
r Khin
Y M ts Mts.
Dzungarian MO . MANCHURIAN
Basin UN M O N GOLIA
TA
eate PLAIN Sea of Honshu
40° T I A N INS o R. R. Japan
N S H A N Li a
BI (East Sea)
lu
Tarim R.
Gr
GO
Ya
Ta rim B a s i n NORTH JAPANESE
TA KL I MAKAN Bei Shan KOREA ALPS
Mt. Fuji
K2 D E SE RT
(Godwin Austen) Shandong SOUTH JAPAN 12,388 ft.
SHAN Peninsula KOREA (3,776 m)
28,250 ft. KUNLUN R. Shikoku
(8,611 m) lo w Ye l l o w
Yel
Plateau of Sea Kyushu
C H I N A NORTH

Wei R.
30°N H Tibet
Qin Ling
CHINA
I Salwe
en R Mountains
PLAIN
M . R. Ea s t
A L Chi na
tze
A Y A SICHUAN
ng
Ya Sea
Ryukyu
Mt. Everest BASIN Dongting
Hu
R.
29,035 ft. Wuyi Islands

R.
Gan
(8,850 m) a
it
Shan
Se
ng
tra
ia
T RO P ne
Me
nS
X
SOUTH I C OF
CANCE Taiwan i
pp
kon
wa
R Xi R. i
20°N A S I A il
i
g R.
Ta
Ph
Luzon Strait
Leizhou Peninsula Pacific
Gulf
SOUTHEAST of Hainan S o u th Ocean
N Ba y o f Tonkin
ASIA China
Be n g a l Se a
10°N
24. Japan is a(n) , or island chain.

25. How did the Ring of Fire affect the geographic development of East Asia?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of East Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. southern China’s most important river system A. tsunami
2. winds that bring rain or snow, depending on
the season B. Xi
3. huge sea wave caused by an underwater
earthquake C. typhoon
4. violent storm in the Pacific Ocean that blows
across coastal East Asia D. Pamirs
5. area of high peaks and deep valleys in western
China E. monsoon

6. A tsunami is the result of
a. an underwater earthquake. c. layers of lava and ash.

b. the winter monsoons. d. hurricane-force winds.
7. Which part of East Asia is characterized by a humid subtropical climate?
a. northeast b. southwest c. northwest d. southeast
8. What are China’s main waterway systems?
a. the Huang He and the Red and c. the Huang He, the Xi, the Chang Jiang,
Blue Rivers and the Grand Canal
b. the Huang He, the Chang Jiang, d. the Huang He, the Xi, the Volga
and the Grand Canal River, and the Grand Canal
9. A is a powerful, hurricane-like storm in the western Pacific.
a. tornado c. tsunami
b. waterspout d. typhoon
10. Monsoons affect the climate by making it warmer or colder depending upon
a. how hard they blow. c. the weather forecast.
b. the direction in which they d. the day of the week and the time
are blowing. of day.
11. Although Mount Fuji has not erupted in approximately years, scientists
believe it is still active.
a. 300 b. 400 c. 500 d. 600
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Which of the following is an archipelago?

a. North Korea and South Korea c. Taiwan
b. Japan d. China
13. Both China and Korea have

a. huge amounts of diamonds c. smaller coal reserves than Taiwan.
and copper.
b. abundant deposits of coal. d. large deposits of graphite.
14. Japan has

a. limited farmland and poor soil. c. limited farmland but excellent soil.
b. excellent soil and large amounts d. many large farms that produce a
of farmland. variety of crops.
15. The Sea of Japan was created through

a. accretion. c. subduction.
b. faulting. d. spreading.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships What factors come together

to create a typhoon? What are some of the effects of typhoons?
17. Drawing Conclusions Why are the people of East Asia so dependent

upon the sea for food?
IV. Applying Skills

Reading a Map Use the map on the
right to answer the following questions East Asian Ocean Currents
18. From what direction does the Warm water

current
Japan Current flow, and what part
Cold water
of Japan does it affect? current
19. Where does the Kuril Current Kuril Current
originate?
20. If you wanted to avoid cold
weather, which part of Japan
would you choose to live in,
and why?
Japan Current

Name Date Class

The journey toward the epicentre [epicenter] of the earthquake which
struck Taiwan this week takes the traveller across an extraordinary land-
scape. Factories, farmland, and homes push hard against one another
beneath hill still clothed in primeval greenery, in a land neither urban or
rural any more but an intense mixture of both.
—Martin Woollacott, “After the Quake Come the Tremors of
Democracy,” The Guardian, September 24, 1999
21. Explain what epicenter means in this passage.
Because the loess plateau is well suited to agriculture, natural forests in

most areas were replaced centuries ago by agricultural cropland and pas-
ture . . . . With the loss of forest cover, erosion has increased so that
today erosion has affected 45 percent of the area, with an average annual
soil loss of 3,720 tons per km2.
—Chris Carpenter, “Central China loess plateau mixed forests,”
www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles
22. Why is the loess plateau in China “well suited to agriculture”?
(continued)

Name Date Class

East Asia
7 9
11
1
8
N
6 30°
2
10
E R
ANC
12 IC OF C
TRO P

20°N
N
5
0 mi. 1,000
0 km 1,000 10°N
130°E
23. On this map of East Asia, number 10 marks the location of the .
24. Number 7 indicates the location of the on the map.
Cause Effect
Monsoons are late or bring
less rain than usual.
25. What is the effect on agriculture of monsoons that are late or bring less
rain than usual?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
China
A B
1. valley where China’s culture began A. Han
2. once a Buddhist kingdom B. Qing
3. large urban center in China
C. Tibet
4. last ruling dynasty in China
D. Shanghai
5. ethnic group to which most Chinese
people belong E. Wei River

(10 points each)
6. Most Chinese inhabit the

a. interior areas of the country. c. western regions of the country.
b. island of Honshu –. d. valleys and plains of China’s three
great rivers.
7. When Western traders tried to set up trading in China,

a. China refused to trade. c. China welcomed the traders.
b. China used powerful warships d. China traded only silk and tea.
to keep traders away.
8. Most Chinese people live and work

a. in large cities. c. on farms.
b. in southern China, near Tibet. d. on islands along the coast.
9. Today, the economics of China and Taiwan

a. remain independent of each other. c. are intertwined.
b. are tied together by investments. d. rely occasionally on each other.
10. What has China done to limit population growth?

a. introduced a policy that allows a c. denied health care to people who
family to have only one child have children
b. introduced a policy that allows a d. allowed families to have only as many
family to have only two children children as they can support

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Japan
A B
1. Japan’s aboriginal people A. Ainu
2. series of cities along the Pacific coast of Honshu B. Shintoism
3. Japan’s first shogun –

C. Tokaido– corridor
4. ancient religion that reveres nature D. haiku
5. a form of Japanese poetry E. Minamoto

(10 points each)
6. Japanese people experience acculturation, or

a. the spreading of Japanese c. the absorption of popular culture
culture to other countries. from another country.
b. the destruction of Japanese culture. d. the isolation of Japanese culture.

7. Although an emperor officially ruled Japan, after A.D. 1192 the samurai
a. did little to influence how Japan c. helped powerful shoguns govern
was governed. the country.
b. took over the country for their d. fought many wars with other
own personal gain. countries.
8. In Japan, increased life expectancy

a. has improved the health c. is due to insurance provided by the
care system. government.
b. has put a strain on the health d. is the result of Western influence.
care system
9. Most people in Japan live

a. in coastal urban areas. –
c. on the northernmost island, Hokkaido.
b. in the mountainous interior. d. in river valleys.
10. During the Meiji Restoration,

a. the shoguns ruled Japan with c. many clans ruled Japan.
the support of the samurai.
b. Japan’s government rapidly d. Japan adopted China’s philosophy,
modernized the country. writing, and governmental structure.

Name Date Class
Section 3 Quiz
North and South Korea

A B
1. city in South Korea A. Hermit Kingdom
2. nickname for Korea during the 1800s B. Seoul
3. leader of a military coup in South Korea C. Major General Park Chung-Hee
4. pale green glaze used on vases D. Kim Jong Il
5. leader of North Korea E. celadon

(10 points each)
6. During the Korean War, the United States

a. fought on the side of South Korea, c. demanded that the United Nations
against communist North Korea. cease being involved in the conflict.
b. remained neutral despite d. tried to unite Korea under the rule of
international pressure to intervene. North Korea’s government.
7. The philosophy of Confucius became the model for

a. Korea’s arts. c. communism in North Korea.
b. Korea’s government. d. communism in South Korea.
8. In the 1800s, European countries used their military force to trade with the
Korean Peninsula. This was called
a. “military rule.” c. “colonialism.”
b. “gunboat diplomacy.” d. “occupation.”
9. Which neighboring country occupied Korea from the 1200s to the 1300s?
a. Japan c. China
b. Mongolia d. Tibet
10. Korea was divided into North Korea and South Korea
a. when China seized control of c. after World War II.
the country.
b. during the Sino-Japanese War. d. after China lost control of Korea.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of East Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. belonging to the same ethnic group A. aborigine
2. original inhabitant of an area B. acculturation
3. form of Japanese poetry C. ideograms
4. pictures and symbols used for writing Chinese D. homogeneous
5. absorbing popular culture from another country E. haiku

6. Which religion is specific to Japan?

a. Confucianism c. Catholicism
b. Buddhism d. Shintoism
7. Ethnic Han Chinese makes up of China’s population.

a. about 50 percent c. more than 90 percent

b. around 60 percent d. about 30 percent
8. Which of the following was once a Buddhist kingdom but is now part of China?
a. Tibet c. Manchuria
b. Mongolia d. Taiwan
9. Chinese historical records were first kept under the dynasty.

a. Zhou c. Han
b. Shang d. Ming
10. Confucius lived during the dynasty.

a. Zhou c. Han
b. Shang d. Ming
11. On what was Confucius’s system of thought based?

a. mathematical and astronomical c. scientific investigation
principles
b. discipline and moral conduct d. the ideas of Plato
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. As mainland China maintained strict communist rule in the late 1900s, Taiwan has
a. developed a powerful export- c. repeatedly requested to become part
based economy. of communist China.
b. also adopted communism. d. developed a military force that was
stronger than China’s.
13. From the 1890s to the 1940s, Japan built an empire that included
a. Korea, Mongolia, and Tibet. c. Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria.
b. Korea, Tibet, and other d. Taiwan, Singapore, and Tibet.
Pacific Islands.
14. Japan fought over possession of Korea from 1904–1905.

a. the United States b. China c. Russia d. Mongolia
15. Powerful ruled Japan from the 1100s to the late 1800s.
a. samurai b. dynasties c. clans d. shoguns

16. Drawing Conclusions What are some of the effects of migration from
rural to urban areas in East Asia?
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships In what ways did Chinese
culture influence those of Japan and Korea?

IV. Applying Skills
Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar graph below to answer the following
Literacy Rates in East Asia

Japan
South Korea
Country
North Korea
Taiwan
Mongolia
China
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent
18. Which countries have the highest literacy rates in East Asia?
19. Which country shown on the graph has the lowest literacy rate?
20. About how much higher is the literacy rate for Japan than for China?

Name Date Class

A creation of awesome scale and accomplishment—an unforgettable
symbol of China’s first emperor...Qin Shi Huang [Di] wanted an army
with him after he died,” says museum director Yuan. “His underground
empire was a miniature of his real one.” More than 700,000 laborers toiled
36 years building his monument.
—O. Louis Mazzatenta, “China’s Warriors Rise from the Earth,”
21. What historic event occurred during the rule of Qin Shi Huang Di?
After the war, Japan was in chaos. There was regret, suffering. There were
no rich then, only poor. We pulled together, worked hard, geared our
economy for export. . . . Now we’re prosperous, and we’re bringing that
prosperity to others.
—Arthur Zich, “Japan’s Sun Rises Over the Pacific,” National
Geographic, November 1991
22. What is the main idea of this passage?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Migration Between Chinese Provinces, 1985–1990
1400
Out
1200
In
1000
Migrants (in thousands)
800
600
400
200
0
Guangdong
Jiangsu
Beijing
Shanghai
Tianjin
Henan
Hebei
Sichuan
Hunan
Guangxi
Provinces

23. Which province had the smallest difference between the number of
people moving in and those moving out?
24. Which provinces had more people moving in than moving out?
25. What is a major reason for population migration between
Chinese provinces?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of East Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. growing apart of cultures A. dynasty
2. a family group B. atheist
3. nonreligious C. cultural convergence
4. ruling family D. cultural divergence
5. mixing of cultures E. clan

6. After its defeat in World War II, Japan

a. was economically powerful. c. continued building weapons.
b. quickly reoccupied its d. was economically shattered.
overseas territories.
7. Why has the Chinese government built dozens of agricultural towns in remote
areas?
a. to encourage people to convert c. to stem farm labor shortages resulting
from agricultural to industrial jobs from urbanization
b. to institute population d. to strengthen local governments and
reduction programs encourage local rule
8. The Chinese Communist government encourages
a. Buddhism. c. polytheism.
b. atheism. d. Confucianism.
9. What is meant by the statement “Japan has a homogeneous population”?

a. The population is getting smaller. c. The population is mostly one ethnicity.
b. The population is growing. d. The population is migratory.
10. After World War II, Korea was

a. unified for the first time in c. divided into U.S.-backed North
more than 1,000 years. Korea and Communist South Korea.
b. divided into U.S.-backed d. governed by an alliance between
South Korea and Communist China and Japan.
North Korea.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Between the 1890s and the 1940s, Japan

a. did not build up its military c. transformed from a feudal country to a
power. modern country.
b. refused to trade with any d. returned lands to Korea and parts of
other country. mainland Asia.
12. In which modern-day country did the region’s culture hearth originate?
a. Korea and Japan c. Mongolia
b. Taipei d. China
13. The world’s most populous urban area is
a. Shanghai, China. c. Beijing, China.
b. Tokyo, Japan. d. Seoul, South Korea.
14. The Meiji Restoration in Japan was predominantly
a. a religious movement. c. a genocide.
b. an isolationist movement. d. a modernization movement.
15. Koreans trace their origins back to people from
a. northern China and central Asia. c. Vietnam and Cambodia.
b. Japan and Taiwan. d. southern China and South Asia.

Average Annual GDP Per Capita, 2006
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on 35,000
30,000
16. Drawing Conclusions Did Japan’s empire
Income (in dollars)
grow or shrink between the 1890s and 25,000

1940s? Explain.
20,000
17. Finding and Summarizing the Main Idea
What is the text’s main point about the 15,000
way that many people practice religion
in East Asia? 10,000
5,000
IV. Applying Skills
0
Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar graph on the Japan South China Hong Mongolia North
right to answer the following questions on a Korea Kong Korea
separate sheet of paper. Location
Source: CIA World Fact Book, 2006
18. Which country had the lowest Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) per capita? How much was it?
19. Which country had the highest GDP per
capita in 2006? How much was it?
20. What was the difference in GDP per capita
between Japan and North Korea?

Name Date Class

As early as the [A.D. 400s], caves were carved into the sandstone cliffs of
the Tian Shan range as shrines and places of worship for [Buddhists]. . . .
Worshipers built these shrines in hopes of . . . personal well-being, a safe
and prosperous journey, advancement in the next life, or perhaps the
birth of many healthy sons. . . .
—Reza, “Pilgrimage to China’s Buddhist Caves,” National Geographic,
April 1996
21. How does the religious history described in this passage contrast with
China today?
After the war, Japan was in chaos. There was regret, suffering. There were
no rich then, only poor. We pulled together, worked hard, geared our
economy for export....Now we’re prosperous, and we’re bringing that
prosperity to others.
—Arthur Zich, “Japan’s Sun Rises Over the Pacific,” National
(continued)

Name Date Class

Japanese Expansion, 1895–1942

90°E 120°E 150°E 180°
SOVIET UNION ds
an
n Isl
Aleutia
Sakhalin
OUTER MONGOLIA
45°N
MANCHURIA
1931 Hokkaido
Sea of
Japan
Beijing Pacific
KOREA(East Sea) Honshu
1910 JAPAN Tokyo Ocean
CHINA
Nagasaki Hiroshima
Shanghai Kyushu Shikoku
30°N
Ryukyu
BURMA
BRITISH Guangzhou Islands TROPIC OF CANCER
INDIA Hong TAIWAN
Kong 1895 Wake I. Hawaiian
Hainan Mariana Islands
SIAM FRENCH Islands
15°N
INDOCHINA Philippine J A PA N E S E
South Islands M A N DAT E
Malay Saigon China 1919
N
Peninsula Sea
Caroline Islands
MALAYA Marshall
Singapore Islands EQUATOR
Su
0°
Gilbert
ma
Borneo Islands
tra
Celebes
New Solomon
D U T C H E AS T IN D IES Guinea Islands 0 mi. 1,000
Indian Java

Ocean 0 km 1,000
Mercator projection
15°S
AUSTRALIA
Japanese Expansion
Greatest extent of
Japanese control, 1942
1895 Date of acquisition of
territory
23. In what year did Japan acquire Taiwan?

24. Which region came under Japanese control first, Manchuria or Korea?
When did these acquisitions occur?
25. Describe one event that occurred as a result of Japan’s expansion as
shown on this map.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. Chinese territory and a major trading center A. Taiwan
2. places high taxes on many imported finished
goods B. Great Leap Forward
3. campaign in the 1950s to organize Chinese

C. Japan
farmers into huge farming communities
4. international response to the Tiananmen Square D. Macau
action by the Chinese government
5. has a successful export-based economy E. economic sanctions

(10 points each)
6. South Korea after the Korean War.

a. suffered an economic depression c. rapidly moved from an industrial
to an agricultural nation
b. rapidly moved from an agricultural d. completely stopped exporting

to an industrial nation products
7. In recent years the United States has tried to

a. stop Japanese exports completely. c. persuade Japan to export a much
larger quantity of goods.
b. stop importing goods to Japan. d. persuade Japan to open its markets
to more imports.
8. Most of the roads in Mongolia are

a. paved two-lane highways. c. unpaved.
b. large modern freeways. d. impassable during a large part
of the year.
9. China and North Korea

a. control access to the Internet. c. urge citizens to explore foreign news
sources on the Internet.
b. encourage everyone to use d. supply every school with computers
the Internet. and modems.
10. Most South Korean farmers work on

a. large, cooperative farms. c. farms with little or no machinery.
b. farms that are very far from d. small family farms.
their homes.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. a huge wave that can cause massive damage A. supertrawlers
2. site of disastrous earthquakes in 1999 B. acid rain
3. water-related pollution from burning coal
C. Taiwan
4. East Asian leader in developing engines with
no emissions D. Japan
5. discouraged due to overfishing E. tsunami

(10 points each)
6. How do China, North Korea, and Mongolia produce their electric power?
a. primarily from hydroelectric dams c. primarily by burning coal from their
own reserves
b. from nuclear power plants d. by importing coal and petroleum

7. Since the 1970s the Japanese government has
a. encouraged industries to c. banned any industry that pollutes
ignore pollution. the environment.
b. encouraged industries to d. been criticized for not dealing harshly
curb pollution. with pollution problems.
8. Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea draw of their power from nuclear
plants.
a. between 30 and 40 percent c. none
b. between 10 and 15 percent d. all
9. Because two-thirds of China’s cities lack fresh water

a. water is imported from c. people must boil their water before
other countries. drinking it.
b. population is strictly limited in d. water treatment plants are being
some locations. built quickly.
10. One positive step being taken in China to deal with environmental concerns is
a. planting trees on deforested land. c. offering money to people who use
less electricity.
b. a decrease in recycling. d. building new power plants.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: East Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. when a country’s exports exceed its imports A. economic sanction
2. a trade restriction B. trade deficit
3. fleets of ships used for commercial transport C. trade surplus
4. cultivation of fish and other seafood D. merchant marine
5. when a country’s imports exceed its exports E. aquaculture

6. China’s Great Leap Forward campaign
a. urged farmers to return to c. closed most farms in order to build
traditional farming methods. factories.
b. radically changed farming by d. increased the freedom of farmers to
establishing communes. do as they pleased.
7. Which of the following has been a harmful result of industrialization in East Asia?
a. a negative impact on c. a lack of trade with countries
the environment outside East Asia
b. the decreasing standard of living d. the decreasing influence of East Asia
in the world economy
8. To make up for the farm labor shortage, South Korea
a. grows fewer crops. c. exports less food.
b. uses traditional equipment and d. uses modern equipment and more
more efficient farming techniques. efficient farming techniques.
9. The North Korean Communist government
a. controls crop production c. exports its huge rice surplus to
and distribution. other countries.
b. is not involved in crop production d. allows farmers to choose which crops
and distribution. to grow but controls where the crops
are sold.
10. Which country has East Asia’s most rural economy?
a. Japan b. China c. North Korea d. South Korea
11. South Korea rapidly moved from an agricultural to an industrial economy
a. after World War II. c. after the Cold War.
b. after World War I. d. after the Korean War.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Some of the world’s strictest environmental laws are in

a. China. c. Taiwan.
b. North Korea. d. Japan.
13. How did Taiwan develop a successful export economy?

a. by switching from manufacturing c. by increasing production of pine-
to agriculture apples, bananas, and sugarcane
b. by investing profits from agriculture d. by importing more manufactured goods
in manufacturing industries from the United States
14. The Mongolian economy relies primarily on

a. building cars. c. livestock and farm products.
b. making electronic goods. d. manufacturing machine parts.
15. What is the purpose of the organization known as APEC?

a. to encourage trade with Europe c. to settle political disputes
b. to make trade among member d. to establish an acceptable standard
countries efficient and fair of living throughout East Asia

16. Comparing and Contrasting How do the various countries in East Asia
meet their power needs? Give specific examples.
17. Predicting Consequences If East Asian countries do not clean up their

environmental problems, what are some of the things that might happen?
IV. Applying Skills

Methods of Transportation
Country Air Road Water Rail
Japan yes nationwide highways ocean ports high-speed trains,
commuter trains,
subways
South Korea yes nationwide highways ocean ports nationwide railroads
China* yes mix of highways and ocean ports, rivers, railroads
roads canals
Mongolia yes mostly unpaved roads railroads
*far fewer overland transportation systems in western China
18. Which country has no ocean ports?

19. Which country has a system of canals?
20. Which country has the most technologically sophisticated transportation?
Explain.

Name Date Class

Today the port [of Shanghai] handles more than 160 million tons of cargo
a year through loadings and unloadings along the 40 miles of wharves on
the [Yangtze River]. . . .
—William Ellis, “Shanghai,” National Geographic, March 1994
21. Many of the export goods loaded in and out of the port of Shanghai are
carried by fleets of .
The most tangible cost of modernization is environmental....Today greater
Taipei’s population has swollen to almost six million—nearly 30 percent of
the island’s total....The city chokes on the fumes of 460,000 cars, 7,300
buses, 38,000 taxis, and 869,000 motorcycles, whose drivers park all over
the sidewalks and often drive down them too.
—Arthur Zich, “Taiwan: The Other China Changes Course,” National
22. How does transportation lead to environmental pollution in Taipei?
Reading a Graph Use the graphs below to answer the following questions
Japanese Exports and Japanese Imports
other other
4% 2%
anent
ures
% fossil fuels
16%
manufactured
foodstuffs/ items
manufactured items 54%
raw materials
(includes machinery, motor vehicles,
28%
consumer electronics)
96%
Exports Imports
23. Based on the information in these graphs, MP3 players and Nissan trucks
would be examples of .
24. About percent of Japanese imports are fossil fuels.
(continued)

Name Date Class

Transportation Routes in Central Japan
132°E 136°E Hokkaido 144°E

140°E
40°N
Akita Morioka
Se a o f
Ja p a n N Shinjo
( E a s t Se a ) Yamagata
Niigata
Nagano
Honshu JAPAN 36°N
Kawasaki Tokyo
Kyoto Nagoya Yokohama
Hiroshima Kobe Osaka
Kitakyushu Pacific
Shikoku Ocean
Kyushu Bullet train route
32°N
Major road
0 mi. 200 Other road
National capital
0 km 200
Polyconic projection Major city

25. Based on the map above, you could take transportation to get
from Hiroshima to Kyoto if you did not own an automobile.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: East Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. gaseous substances found in liquid coolants A. chlorofluorocarbons
2. a trade group whose members ensure fair and B. commune
efficient trade among members
C. cooperative
3. a collective farming community whose workers
share work and products D. World Trade Organization
4. an international body that oversees trade E. Asia-Pacific Economic
agreements
Cooperation
5. a voluntary organization whose members work
together and share expenses and profits

6. In order to stimulate economic growth, China’s Communist government has

a. tightened controls on industries c. protected human rights.

b. focused on reducing industrial d. adopted some features of a market
output because of pollution. economy.
7. Despite an international treaty to limit it, Japan continues extensive
a. shark hunting. c. tuna fishing.
b. whale hunting. d. supertrawling.
8. The Chinese territory of Hong Kong

a. is a center of agriculture. c. has a command economy.
b. is a center of trade. d. has a traditional economy.
9. Taiwan has a very successful economy.

a. agricultural c. export-based
b. command d. import-based
10. Japanese fleets continue to hunt whales

a. because there are too many. c. in order to export whale products.
b. in spite of worldwide criticism due d. because of global support for its
to declining whale populations. whaling practices.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Which of the following statements about pollution in East Asia is accurate?
a. Acid rain is a problem only c. Urban areas of North and South
in China. Korea are plagued with air pollution.
b. North Korea’s safe drinking d. Pollution is not of national concern
water supplies are adequate. in Japan.
12. Some of China’s trading partners, such as the United States,
a. have completely ignored the issue c. have used sanctions to pressure China
of human rights. to improve its human rights record.
b. have praised China for its human d. have refused to stop trade with China
rights record. for any reason.
13. Which of the following countries have nationwide highway and railroad networks?
a. China, Japan, and Taiwan c. South Korea, Japan, and Mongolia
b. North Korea, South Korea, d. Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
and China
14. Much of the air and water pollution in urban areas of North Korea, South
Korea, and Taiwan is due to
a. prevailing winds from China. c. negligent industrial controls.
b. heavy dependence on d. agricultural run-off.
nuclear power.
15. Making Inferences How would the news be different in a country such

as China, where all the media sources are controlled by the government,
than in one where media access is free and open?
16. Making Generalizations What general statements could you make about
the relationship between types of governments and economic structures of
the different countries in East Asia? Support your statement with examples.
IV. Applying Skills
Methods of Transportation
Country Air Road Water Rail
Japan yes nationwide highways ocean ports high-speed trains,
commuter trains,
subways
South Korea yes nationwide highways ocean ports nationwide railroads
China* yes mix of highways and ocean ports, rivers, railroads
roads canals
Mongolia yes mostly unpaved roads railroads
*far fewer overland transportation systems in western China
17. Which country has mostly unpaved roads?

18. In terms of transportation, how are eastern and western China different?
19. Which country has high-speed trains?

Name Date Class

... Out of the ashes [of Hiroshima’s atomic bombing in 1945] has arisen a
fully modern city....The new Hiroshima is a self-proclaimed City of Peace,
with a towering skyline, cosmopolitan shopping arcades, and more than
700 manicured parks. Its port sends out to New York, Shanghai, and
London...the latest in consumer and industrial products.
—Ted Gup, “Up from Ground Zero: Hiroshima,” National Geographic,
August 1995
21. What Allied country dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
The most tangible cost of modernization is environmental....Today greater

Taipei’s population has swollen to almost six million—nearly 30 percent of
the island’s total....The city chokes on the fumes of 460,000 cars, 7,300
buses, 38,000 taxis, and 869,000 motorcycles, whose drivers park all over
the sidewalks and often drive down them too.
—Arthur Zich, “Taiwan: The Other China Changes Course,” National
22. How does transportation lead to environmental pollution in Taipei?
(continued)

Name Date Class
East Asia: The Moving Earth
80°E 100°E 120°E 140°E
CENTRAL Russia-Kazakhstan- RUSSIA

Xinjiang Province
ASIA Sept. 27, 2003
Coastal Hokkaido¯
Nov. 28, 2004 °N
40
Coastal Hokkaido¯
Mongolia Sept. 25, 2003
July 9, 1905 Sanriku
Ulaanbaatar Northeastern June 15, 1896 and
March 2, 1933
MONGOLIA China border
June 28, 2002 Northern Honshu¯
Gobi-Altay Province May 26, 2003
Kyrgyzstan-Xinjiang Province border region Coastal Honshu¯
Dec. 4, 1957
NORTH Sea of
Dec. 25, 2002 Aug. 16, 2005
Haicheng
Southern Xinjiang Province, China Feb. 4, 1975 KOREA Japan
P‘yŏngyang (East
Feb. 24,, 2003 Tokyo
Beijing Sea)
Xinjiang-Xizang
j g g Province border region Seoul JAPAN Kanto
Tangshan Sept. 1, 1923
March 20,
20 22008 Tsinghai
N May 22, 1927
July 27, 1976 SOUTH Coastal Honshu¯
Ningxia-Gansu KOREA Sept. 5, 2004
Dec. 16, 1920 Ko¯be
W Kyushu Jan. 16, 1995
E Shaanxi March 20, 2005
Jan. 23, 1556
S Eastern Sichuan East
May 12, 2008 CHINA PACIFIC
China
Assam-Tibet Sea OCEAN
August 15, 1950
R
NCE
March 31, 2002 F CA
PIC O
TRO
Taipei 20°N
Yunnan, China Chi-Chi,
SOUTH ASIA July 21, 2003 Sept. 20, 1999 TAIWAN
Major earthquake sites
May 3, 1998 Plate boundary/
earthquake zone
0 600 kilometers
0 600 miles
SOUTHEAST South China
Active volcano
Two-Point Equidistant projection ASIA Sea Capital city

23. The most recent earthquake on this map occurred in 2008 at .
24. The earliest earthquake shown on this map occurred in Shanxi, China, in
.
25. How can earthquakes that occur under the Pacific Ocean affect Japan?

Name Date Class
Form A Test
East Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. prevailing wind that blows in a steady direction A. loess
for half the year
B. archipelago
2. the absorption of popular culture from another
country C. acculturation
3. a chain of islands
D. monsoon
4. a fine yellowish-brown topsoil
5. trade restriction E. economic sanction

6. The western regions of East Asia are

a. much more populated than c. the areas that provide most of the food
other areas. for the region.

b. very sparsely populated. d. tropical lowlands.
7. The countries of East Asia include China, Japan, , North Korea and
South Korea.
a. Mongolia, Singapore c. Formosa, Macao
b. Taiwan, Hong Kong d. Taiwan, Mongolia
8. Which East Asian people belong to the ethnic group known as the Han?
a. most Japanese c. the minority of Chinese
b. both North and South Koreans d. most Chinese
9. Most people in China speak the dialect of the Han Chinese language.
a. Mongolian b. Mandarin c. Cheondogyo d. Shinto
10. China has many of the

a. most stringent environmental c. most polluted cities in the world.
protection laws in East Asia.
b. same air pollution controls d. least polluted cities in the world.
that the United States uses.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 9, Form A Test
11. During which era did Confucius live?

a. the Zhou dynasty c. the Han dynasty
b. the early 1900s d. the Ming dynasty
12. The winter monsoon brings to Japan and the Korean Peninsula.
a. dry, cold winds but no snow c. mild, rainy weather
b. heavy snow and cold weather d. dry, warm weather
13. China produces more than any other nation.

a. forest products c. citrus fruits
b. wheat d. rice
14. The Japanese art of paper folding is called

a. haiku. c. origami.
b. Kabuki. d. ideogram.
15. The Great Leap Forward was a campaign in China to

a. replace small-scale farms with c. revolt against the emperor.
large government-owned farms.
b. protest government policies. d. discredit the Communist Party of
the 1960s.


16. Comparing and Contrasting What are the two monsoon seasons in East
Asia? How are they alike and different?
EAST ASIA
17. Solving Problems What problem is TYPE OF GOVERNMENT•MAJOR ECONOMY
being solved by building the Three CHINA communist government
Gorges Dam? What are some negative command economy—primarily agricultural
effects of the dam? with urban industrial areas
JAPAN constitutional monarchy

IV. Applying Skills industrial economy/exports/high-tech
TAIWAN democratic government
service industries/exports/high-tech
MONGOLIA democratic government
18. Which two countries have communist
limited agricultural economy/
governments? grazing animals
19. What type of government does Japan
NORTH communist government
have? KOREA command economy—industrial
20. Which country grazes animals
SOUTH democratic government
as its main economic activity? KOREA industrial economy

Name Date Class
Form B Test
East Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. military ruler of feudal Japan A. shogun
2. violent storm of the western Pacific Ocean
B. typhoon
3. person who speaks out against government
policies C. tsunami
4. warrior in feudal Japan
D. dissident
5. enormous wave usually caused by an undersea
earthquake E. samurai

6. The Chang Jiang is the

a. longest river in the world. c. longest river in Asia.
b. shortest river in East Asia. d. most important river in Japan.
7. East Asia is home to a mix of

a. democratic governments c. communist governments
and dictatorships. and oligarchies.
b. constitutional monarchies and d. democratic governments and
absolute monarchies. communist governments.
8. The Japanese people are

a. made up of many ethnic groups. c. a multi-ethnic population.
b. a homogeneous population. d. made up of five main ethnic groups.
9. Buddhism in Tibet
a. is restricted by the Chinese c. is practiced only by a small minority
government. in the area.
b. is protected by the government. d. is based on Confucianism and
Christianity.
10. The largest of the major Japanese islands is

a. Hokkaido– . – shu
c. Kyu –.
b. Shikoku. d. Honshu–.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 9, Form B Test
11. Despite safety risks, many East Asian countries continue to

a. build nuclear power plants. c. build wind generators.
b. construct solar generators to d. dismantle their nuclear power plants.
replace hydroelectric dams.
12. The summer monsoon brings to East Asia.
a. 80 percent of the region’s c. a long, hot, and very
annual rainfall dry season
b. 20 percent of the region’s d. strong, wet winds from
annual rainfall the northwest
13. The islands east of China are part of the Ring of Fire, a region that
a. produces few earthquakes c. is made up of mountains and valleys.
but many volcanoes.
b. borders the coast of China but d. is prone to earthquakes and volcanic
does not affect other countries. activity.
14. East Asian culture began
a. near the Plateau of Tibet. c. in northern Japan and southern Korea.
b. with the development of d. in China’s Wei River area.
Confucionism.
15. China and North Korea both have
a. large reserves of coal. c. free-market economies.
b. long-established high-tech d. democratic governments.
industries.

16. Comparing and Contrasting What were the Chinese government and
economy like before the communist revolution? How did both change
after the revolution?
EAST ASIA
17. Making Inferences What factors might TYPE OF GOVERNMENT•MAJOR ECONOMY
bring together East Asian countries that
have opposing styles of government, CHINA communist government
such as democratic and communist command economy—primarily agricultural
with urban industrial areas
governments? Why might coming
together be a good idea? JAPAN constitutional monarchy
industrial economy/exports/high-tech
IV. Applying Skills
TAIWAN democratic government
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right service industries/exports/high-tech
separate sheet of paper. MONGOLIA democratic government
limited agricultural economy/
18. What is Taiwan’s major economic grazing animals
activity?
19. Which country has a primarily NORTH communist government
agricultural economy? KOREA command economy—industrial
20. Which countries have democratic SOUTH democratic government

republics? KOREA industrial economy

Name Date Class
Pretest
Southeast Asia
A B
1. settled by the Khmer people A. archipelago
2. volcanic mountain in the Philippines B. Cambodia and Vietnam

3. area of earthquake and volcanic activity C. East Timor
4. brutal Cambodian communist government D. Singapore
5. parallel mountain ranges
E. cordillera
6. busy capital of Thailand
F. flora
7. Southeast Asia’s most developed economy
G. Khmer Rouge
8. an island chain
H. Pinatubo
9. plant life
I. Bangkok
10. small island country that recently achieved
independence J. Ring of Fire
II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: In the blanks on the left, write the letter of the
choice that best completes each statement or answers each question.
11. Southeast Asia

a. straddles the Equator, south c. includes two peninsulas.
of China.
b. includes six volcanic islands. d. has no mainland countries.
12. Most of Southeast Asia

a. has a subtropical climate that c. is located in cool mountainous regions.
supports deciduous trees.
b. is dry and hot. d. has a tropical wet climate.
13. What is the major food source and export in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar?
a. wheat c. corn
b. rice d. beef and poultry
14. The Vietnamese adopted systems of writing, religion, and government from
a. India. c. Greece.
b. China. d. Japan.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 10, Pretest
15. Over the past few centuries, has been an increasingly powerful force
in Southeast Asia.
a. Islam c. Judaism
b. Christianity d. Zoroastrianism
16. In the 1900s, many countries in Southeast Asia

a. were isolated from western c. were colonized by the United States.
cultures.
b. had centuries-old monarchies. d. were colonized by Europeans.
17. Until the 1970s, the United States intervened militarily in a political conflict in
a. Myanmar. c. Thailand.
b. Vietnam. d. Indonesia.
18. The River forms the border between Thailand and Laos.
a. Malay c. Mekong
b. Yalu d. Danube
19. Which bodies of water surround Southeast Asia?

a. the Bay of Bengal and the c. the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic
Indian Ocean Ocean
b. the Pacific Ocean and the Indian d. the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic
Ocean Ocean

20. The government of Vietnam is now
a. a monarchy. c. communist.
b. democratic. d. a fascist dictatorship.

21. Making Generalizations How has economic growth affected Southeast

Asia? Include both a benefit to the region, as well as a negative effect.
22. Making Inferences Consider the location of Southeast Asia. How were
its islands and peninsulas formed?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. tiny country on the north coast of Borneo A. Malay Peninsula
2. area of volcanic and earthquake activity in
the Pacific B. Malay Archipelago
3. area that includes parts of Malaysia and
Thailand C. Indochina Peninsula
4. area that includes Singapore, Indonesia,
East Timor, part of Malaysia, and Brunei D. Brunei
5. area that includes Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
and Myanmar E. Ring of Fire
MULTIPLE CHOICE: In the blanks on the left, write the letter of

the choice that best completes each statement or answers each question.
(10 points each)
6. The cordilleras were formed

a. by the collision of tectonic plates. c. by a series of volcanic eruptions.

b. when Krakatau erupted in the d. through deposits from the Irrawaddy
late 1800s. River.
7. Southeast Asia is
a. near the Equator. c. partly two mainland peninsulas.
b. partly a far-stretching archipelago. d. all of the above
8. How many islands make up Indonesia?

a. 25,000 c. 2,500
b. 17,500 d. 50,000
9. The cordilleras run

a. mainly east to west. c. in a circular pattern on the Indochina
Peninsula.
b. mainly north to south. d. from southwest Vietnam to northeast
Myanmar.
10. The River forms the border between Thailand and Laos.
a. Irrawaddy c. Red
b. Chao Phraya d. Mekong

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. area of Myanmar sometimes called “tropical A. tropical wet
Scotland”
2. one of only two cities with tropical rain forests B. tropical dry
in their boundaries
3. climate that dominates the region of Southeast C. deciduous
Asia
4. type of forest found in highlands of Borneo, D. Singapore
New Guinea, and Myanmar
5. climate that alternates wet and dry seasons E. Shan Plateau

(10 points each)
6. What climate in the region is found only in parts of Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,

and Vietnam?
a. tropical wet c. tropical dry
b. humid subtropical d. highland
7. Rainfall in a tropical wet climate

a. averages 79–188 inches annually. c. generally remains around 59 inches
annually.
b. averages 50–79 inches annually. d. averages 78–108 inches annually.
8. The Malaysian rain forest is very old, probably of years old.

a. thousands c. millions
b. hundreds d. hundreds of thousands
9. The coolest climates in this region exist in

a. Indonesia and Singapore. c. the coasts of Thailand and Vietnam.
b. the mountains of Myanmar, d. South Vietnam and southern
New Guinea, and Borneo. Cambodia.
10. A highland climate supports

a. rhododendrons. c. deciduous trees.
b. evergreen forests. d. all of the above

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of Southeast Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the plant life of a region A. cordilleras
2. a group or chain of islands B. archipelago
3. constituting an island C. insular
4. parallel mountain ranges and plateaus D. flora
5. the animal life of a region E. fauna

6. Southeast Asia’s mainland rivers originate in

a. the northern highlands. c. the northern lowlands.
b. the southern highlands. d. the southern lowlands.
7. Of Indonesia’s islands, about how many are permanently settled?

a. about 13,500 c. less than 1,000

b. more than 6,000 d. about 500
8. Which of the following statements about the Mekong River is accurate?

a. The Mekong River begins in c. It empties into the Gulf of Thailand.
Cambodia.
b. It forms the border between d. It is 1,500 miles (2,414 km) long.
Thailand and Laos.
9. is a leading producer of petroleum and a member of OPEC.

a. Vietnam c. Indonesia
b. Malaysia d. Singapore
10. Which of the following best describes Southeast Asia’s landscape?

a. flat c. filled with open, rolling hills
b. mountainous d. variable from country to country
11. Which of the following is one of Indonesia’s most active volcanoes?

a. Gunung Merapi c. Arakan Yoma
b. Mt. Pinatubo d. Annam Cordillera
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Southeast Asia’s climates include tropical wet,

a. tropical dry, humid c. tropical dry, steppe, and humid
subtropical, and highland. subtropical.
b. tropical dry, highland, d. tropical dry, marine, and
and marine west coast. humid subtropical.
13. Malaysia’s rain forest

I. supports a single layer of vegetation.
II. is ancient.
III. contains peat swamp forests.
a. I and III c. I and II
b. II and III d. I, II, and III
14. The island of Singapore contains

a. a savanna. c. a tropical rain forest.
b. a desert. d. an unnavigable harbor.
15. Major tin deposits are found in

a. Vietnam. c. Malaysia.
b. Singapore. d. Myanmar.
III. Critical Thinking Questions Indonesian Islands


16. Making Connections Describe each climate
type found in this region. Why is the elevated Named
Unnamed 40%
Shan Plateau of Myanmar sometimes referred 60%
to as the “tropical Scotland”?
17. Drawing Conclusions What can the people
of Malaysia learn from the history of
Singapore’s rain forest?
Permanently
settled
IV. Applying Skills 5.7%
Comparing Graphs Use the graphs and table on
the right to answer the following questions on a Not permanently settled
separate sheet of paper. 94.3%
18. What percentage of Indonesia’s islands are

named? Unnamed?
Indonesian islands 17,500
19. What number and what percentage of islands Islands that have Approximately
have been permanently settled? been named 7,500
Islands that are Approximately
20. What conclusion can you make about the permanently settled 1,000
islands that have not been permanently
settled?

Name Date Class

A new population of a rare Asian deer thought to be on the brink of
extinction in Laos has been discovered in unexplored tracts of the coun-
try’s forests. Until now, scientists thought there were perhaps as few as
ten Eld’s deer remaining in Laos. The new population, found in
Savahnakhet province, may number more than 50 animals.
—John Pickrell, “New Population of Rare Asian Deer Found in Laos,”
National Geographic News (online), September 20, 2002
21. How could this news article be used to support efforts to preserve
Southeast Asian rain forests as they exist today?
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to answer the COUNTRY LANDMASS
Brunei 2,228 sq. mi.
22. Brunei has nearly times the landmass of 5,570 sq. km
Singapore.
Cambodia 69,900 sq. mi.
23. has nearly the same landmass as Vietnam. 181,040 sq. km
24. Can you use this chart to determine how much of East Timor 5,741 sq. mi.
Malaysia’s landmass is located on the mainland? 14,869 sq. km
Explain. Indonesia 735,355 sq. mi.
1,904,561 sq. km
Laos 91,429 sq. mi.
236,800 sq. km
Malaysia 127,317 sq. mi.
329,750 sq. km
Myanmar 261,228 sq. mi.
676,577 sq. km
Philippines 115,830 sq. mi.
299,998 sq. km
Singapore 239 sq. mi.
619 sq. km
Thailand 198,116 sq. mi.
513,118 sq. km
Vietnam 128,066 sq. mi.
331,689 sq. km
Source: Population Reference Bureau, World
Population Data Sheet 2005.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Reading a Map Use the map below to answer the following question on a
Southeast Asia: Climate Regions
90°E 100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E
Tropical
Tropical rain forest
TROPIC OF CANCER Tropical savanna
Mid-Latitude
Hanoi Humid subtropical
20°N
Highlands (climate
varies with elevation)
Yangon
(Rangoon) South
Ph i l i p p i n e
China
Bangkok Manila S ea
Sea
Andaman Phnom
Sea Ho Chi Minh City
10°N Penh
Sulu PaCIFIC
Sea Davao
OCEaN
Medan Kuala Celebes N
Lumpur Sea
Singapore
0°
EQUATOR
Jayapura
INDIaN Banjarmasin
OCEaN Java Sea
Jakarta Makassar Banda Sea
0 mi. 400

Bandung Surabaya
0 km 400 Arafura
10°S
Kupang Sea
Timor Sea
25. According to the map above, highland climates in the region are generally
located
a. along the coasts. c. in the interior of islands.
b. in the mainland interior. d. on mainland peninsulas.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of Southeast Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. milder climate zone of northern Vietnam A. tropical wet
2. climate zone that may receive more than

B. tropical dry
100 inches of rainfall annually
3. climate zone that includes both wet and C. humid subtropical
dry seasons
D. endemic
4. cooler climate zone with less rainfall
5. native to a particular geographic area E. highland

6. The separates Vietnam from Laos and Cambodia.

a. Isthmus of Kra c. Mekong River

b. Annam Cordillera d. Arakan Yoma
7. How many islands make up the country of Indonesia?

a. about 17 c. about 1,750
b. about 175 d. about 17,500
8. Which natural resources made the sultan of Brunei one of the world’s richest
people?
a. coal and freshwater c. oil and natural gas
b. diamonds and gold d. copper and tin
9. The source of the Mekong River is in

a. Laos. c. India.
b. Thailand. d. China.
10. The city of Singapore

a. has imported most of its c. was designed to minimize rain forest
vegetation. destruction.
b. is covered primarily by native d. has destroyed all of its native
rain forest. vegetation.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Which of the following countries is known for harvesting pearls?

a. Indonesia c. Laos
b. the Philippines d. Brunei
12. Rivers on Southeast Asian islands run

a. east. c. south.
b. north. d. in several directions.
13. is the largest island country in this region.

a. Singapore c. East Timor
b. Indonesia d. New Guinea
14. Vietnam is located on the

a. Indochina Peninsula. c. Malay Archipelago.
b. Malay Peninsula. d. Isthmus of Kra.
15. Natural boundaries between some Southeast Asian countries are formed by
a. plateaus. c. rivers.
b. cordilleras and rivers. d. plateaus and plains.

16. Comparing and Contrasting Briefly compare and contrast the formation,

climate, and vegetation of mainland Southeast Asia with that of insular
Southeast Asia.
17. Drawing Conclusions What can the people of Malaysia learn from the
history of Singapore’s rain forest?
IV. Applying Skills

SOUTHEAST ASIA—MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES

Name Length Highest Peak
Annam Cordillera 700 miles (1,127 km) 8,524 feet (2,598 m)
Arakan Yoma 250 miles (402 km) 10,150 feet (3,094 m)
Bilauktaung 250 miles (402 km) 2,385 feet (727 m)
18. Which two of these mountain ranges are approximately the same length?
19. How much higher is the highest peak than the lowest of the peaks listed
in the chart?
20. How much longer is the longest mountain range than the shorter ones?

Name Date Class

A new population of a rare Asian deer thought to be on the brink of
extinction in Laos has been discovered in unexplored tracts of the coun-
try’s forests. Until now, scientists thought there were perhaps as few as
ten Eld’s deer remaining in Laos. The new population, found in
Savahnakhet province, may number more than 50 animals.
—John Pickrell, “New Population of Rare Asian Deer Found in Laos,”
National Geographic News (online), September 20, 2002
21. How could this news article be used to support efforts to preserve
Southeast Asian rain forests as they exist today?
Researchers warn that dwindling populations of the Irrawaddy river
dolphin may soon become extinct in the Myanmar (formerly Burma) river
from which it takes its name....A recent survey of the Irrawaddy river dol-
phins tallied 35 percent fewer sightings than five years ago....Poisoning
from chemical processes used by the local gold mining industry and ille-
gal and destructive fishing practices are suspect influences in the dolphin’s
population decline.
—John Pickrell, “Gold Mining, Nets Imperil Rare Dolphin, Groups Say,”
National Geographic News, March 4, 2003
22. How does this passage reflect one way in which human activities affect an
ecosystem?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Southeast Asia: Physical-Political
90°E 110°E 130°E

R.
dy
TROPIC OF CANCER
wad
Re
Irra
dR
.
M YANM AR LAOS Pac ific
0°N
Oc ea n
I N ong R.
M
THAILAND South Luzon

ek
Philippine
DO
P hr
China Mt. Pinatubo Sea

CH
N
Chya R.
a
Sea 5,248 ft.

IN
Elevations
ao
(1,600 m)
A
CAMBODIA Feet Meters

10,000 3,000
VIETNAM P H I L I P P I N ES 5,000 1,500
600
0°N Gulf 2,000
300
Isthmus of 1,000
0
of Kra Thailand 0
Mindanao
Malay BRUNEI
National boundary
Peninsula
Mountain peak
M A L A Y S I A
EQUATOR SINGAPORE Borneo
Jaya Peak
I ndi an Sumatra Celebes 16,500 ft.
(5,029 m)
O c e an New Guinea

0 mi. 400 Krakatau I N D O N E S I A
(Krakatoa) Java
0 km 400
0°S EAS T T I MO R
23. The Mekong River forms the border between the countries of .
24. The island of Luzon is part of the archipelago.
25. is the only Southeast Asian country without a coastline.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Mainland Southeast Asia

A B
1. Southeast Asian country ruled by invading A. Netherlands and France
Chinese, 111 B.C. to A.D. 900
2. dominant European powers in the region B. Angkor Wat
during the early 1900s
C. Khmer
3. an 800-year-old Khmer temple
4. Mekong River empire with advanced architecture D. Vietnam
and agriculture
5. Hindu maritime power, A.D. 100 E. Funan

(10 points each)
6. Centuries ago, the and Burmans moved into Thailand and Myanmar.
a. Khmer c. Ming
b. Funan d. Mons
7. More Southeast Asians are moving to cities because of

I. political conflicts.
II. destruction of farmland.
III. better jobs and education in cities.
a. III c. I and II
b. I and III d. II
8. Bangkok, Thailand, is a city because it is an economic center, the

country’s capital and a major port.
a. primate c. dense
b. urban d. sprawling
9. By the 1500s, Europeans were trying to trade, claim territory, and in

Southeast Asia.
a. cause wars c. spread Christianity
b. buy oil d. do research
10. In 1975, Communists, who called themselves the , forced many

Cambodians to work on farms.
a. Funan Province c. Martial Law
b. Monsoon Soldiers d. Khmer Rouge

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Island Southeast Asia

A B
1. one of the most densely populated islands in A. East Timor
the world
2. Sumatran empire with naval strength, A.D. B. Srivijaya
600–1300
C. Jakarta
3. Roman Catholic region that broke from
Indonesia and became independent
D. Java
4. capital of Indonesia
5. early settler on the Malay peninsula E. Malays

(10 points each)
6. Which country has the greatest population density in Southeast Asia?

a. Indonesia c. Singapore

b. Malaysia d. Brunei
7. During the A.D. 800s, was brought to Southeast Asia by Arab traders.
a. Islam c. gold
b. tobacco d. paper currency
8. The presence of Europeans and Americans affected in Southeast Asia.

a. immigration patterns, transportation, c. primarily religion
agriculture, and traditional lifestyles
b. primarily language patterns d. primarily transportation and the
and local currency economy
9. Which of the following statements about the Srivijaya Empire is not accurate?
a. It did not tax traders who use its c. Its trade routes are no longer used.
routes.
b. It had little effect on traders from d. It controlled trade routes to the
Africa to East Asia. Pacific Ocean.
10. Ancient trade routes went through the Sunda Strait and the to get to
the Indian Ocean, the Java Sea, and the South China Sea.
a. Bay of Bengal c. Makassar Strait
b. Strait of Malacca d. Andaman Sea

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of Southeast Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. an important seaport and cultural center during the A. Funan
1400s
2. the capital of Indonesia B. Srivijaya
3. kingdom that adopted Hinduism and the Indian
C. Jakarta
model of government
4. empire whose legacy shaped later maritime territo- D. Khmer
ries in the region
5. empire that is best known for its architecture E. Malacca

6. The religions of Southeast Asia
a. do not intermingle. c. were typically originated locally.
b. include most of the world’s d. are limited to Buddhism and Islam.
major religions.
7. In the cities of Vietnam, why are English, Chinese, and French often spoken?
a. Vietnamese cities have c. Most people of the Indochina
excellent schools. Peninsula are of European ancestry.
b. In the past, Vietnam was influenced d. The Vietnamese people need to
by China, France, and the learn these languages so that they
United States. can compete in world trade.
8. The Khmer Rouge took over in 1975.
a. Vietnam c. Laos
b. Cambodia d. Indonesia
9. Early cultures developed in Southeast Asia through
a. extensive maritime trade. c. contact with European traders.
b. isolated pockets of ethnic d. contact with Christian missionaries.
development.
10. gained control of the Philippines in a war with Spain in 1898.
a. China c. France
b. The United States d. Portugal
11. Which statement about the island of Java is accurate?
a. It is part of Cambodia. c. It is densely populated.
b. Its capital is Bangkok. d. It was a Spanish colony.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. East Timor’s violent fight for independence developed primarily from
a. ethnic differences and conflicts c. the activities of French colonists
between Christians and Muslims. in Indonesia in the 1700s.
b. U.S. involvement in Indonesian d. the rise of communism within
affairs. Indonesia.
13. The Indonesian government has to help reduce urban overcrowding
on the island of Java.
a. relocated people to less c. built high-rise apartment buildings
populated islands
b. raised taxes d. begun agricultural reforms
14. The conflict that led to the Vietnam War began when
a. China attempted to invade Vietnam c. economic changes brought about
at the end of World War II. by European involvement widened
the gap between rich and poor.
b. the former French Indochina d. a large segment of the population
was divided into communist converted to Christianity as the
and non-communist sectors. result of missionary activity.
15. Thailand once served as a buffer state to prevent tensions between
a. colonial governments in the c. French and British colonial
Philippines and Indochina. governments.
b. Hindu and Buddhist religious d. Vietnamese communist leaders.
factions.

III. Critical Thinking Questions POPULATION
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a separate OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
sheet of paper.
1,000
16. Drawing Conclusions Think about the general popu-
lation trends in Southeast Asia and the problems these 900
trends cause. How effective are the governments’ 800
attempts to deal with these problems?
Population (in millions)
700
17. Making Inferences What do the existence of the
modern city of Singapore and the ancient Angkor Wat 600
temples tell us about the history and culture of
Southeast Asian people? 500
400
IV. Applying Skills
300
Reading a Bar Graph Use the bar graph on the right to
answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 200
18. What was the population of Southeast Asia in 2009? 100
19. What is the projected population in 2050? 0

2009 2050*
20. If this rate of growth continues, what might the Year *Projected figure
population be in 2075?

Name Date Class

Home to nearly five million people, making it one of the world’s most
populated urban areas, Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon, Vietnam) still
bears traces of past foreign occupants. France, which made Saigon its first
foothold in Indochina, left boulevards and a cathedral. The U.S., which
based its military here during the Vietnam War, built an embassy complex
and greatly expanded the airport. Now the Vietnamese take a turn, erect-
ing hotels and factories.
—Tracy Dahlby, “The New Saigon,” National Geographic, April 1995
21. Vietnam was colonized by France and .
By 2030, two out of three people will live in an urban world, with most of
the explosive growth occurring in developing countries.
—Erla Zwingle, “Cities: Challenges for Humanity,” National Geographic,
November 2002
22. Does Southeast Asia reflect the trend identified in this quotation? Explain
why or why not.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Southeast Asia—Population Comparisons
Myanmar Laos
Vietnam
Cambodia
Philippines
Thailand
Brunei
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
East Timor

23. According to this cartogram, which country in Southeast Asia has the
largest population?
24. Using the cartogram, compare the populations of Laos and Cambodia.
25. Why are the areas on the cartogram different from the physical outlines of
each country?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of Southeast Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a neutral territory A. primate city
2. dominates a country’s economy, culture, and
B. maritime
government
3. an agreed-upon area of control C. sphere of influence
4. the control and policing of civilians by
D. buffer state
military rulers
5. seafaring E. martial law

6. Which of the following is an ancient Indian story?

a. the Ramayana c. the gamelan
b. the Legong d. the batik
7. Which countries had the earliest major cultural influence on Southeast Asia?
a. Spain and England c. Siam and Malaysia
b. France and China d. India and China
8. The people of Funan adopted which religion?

a. Catholicism c. Buddhism
b. Hinduism d. Islam
9. The Srivijaya Empire established that benefit Singapore today.

a. educational practices c. farming methods
b. business languages d. trade routes
10. Which of the following statements about the Khmer Empire is accurate?
a. It flourished along the c. The Khmer built a temple called
Irrawaddy River. Angkor Wat.
b. It covered most of the d. The ruling princes migrated from
Malay Peninsula. India.
11. Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore are all

a. dictatorships. c. Communist countries.
b. democratic republics. d. constitutional monarchies.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Which factors have shaped the choice of languages spoken in Southeast Asia?
I. the influence of early traders and invaders
II. colonization by Europeans and Americans
III. migration from other Asian countries
a. I and II c. II and III
b. II d. I, II, and III
13. The Vietnamese language, culture, and economy have been influenced most by
a. early Chinese invaders and later c. British spheres of influence.
Western colonialists.
b. a primarily American colonial d. the kingdom of Siam and the
government and Chinese Khmer Empire.
Communists.
14. By the mid-1970s, Vietnam was

a. enjoying a per capita GDP that c. united under a Communist
was above the world average. government.
b. just beginning to deal with d. seeking help from the United States
internal ethnic tensions. to combat communism.
15. Some distinct languages are spoken on Indonesia’s many islands.

a. 15 c. 250
b. 60 d. 2,000

16. Drawing Conclusions What cultural influences have the different peoples
immigrating to Southeast Asia had on the region?
17. Predicting Consequences How would Southeast Cambodian Population Under
Asia be different today if it had not experienced Khmer Rouge, 1975–1979
colonial rule by Europe and the United States?
IV. Applying Skills

Reading a Circle Graph Use the graph on the right 38%
of paper. 62%
18. What percentage of the Cambodian population

was lost because of the Khmer Rouge?
19. How does this circle graph help you understand
the percentage? Cambodians lost to starvation,
torture, and execution
20. How do you think this loss affected families and Survivors
communities in Cambodia?

Name Date Class

By 2030, two out of three people will live in an urban world, with most of
the explosive growth occurring in developing countries.
—Erla Zwingle, “Cities: Challenges for Humanity,” National Geographic, 2002
21. Does Southeast Asia reflect the trend identified in this quotation? Explain
why or why not.
Foreign Colonies in Southeast Asia, 1914

100°E 120°E 140°E
N 1914 Colonies
C H I NA British
TROPIC OF CANCER French
Dutch
U.S.
B U R MA Portuguese
20°N Independent
SIAM FRENCH PHILIPPINE Pacific

INDOCHINA ISLANDS
Ocean
South
China
10°N
Se a
BRITISH
BRUNEI NORTH
BORNEO
MALAYA
SARAWAK
EQUATOR
0°
0 mi. 400 D U T C H E A S T I N D I E S
0 km 400
10°S
EAST TIMOR
22. Which country controlled the region of modern Myanmar in 1914?
23. Where did the United States have a colony in 1914?
24. Which Southeast Asian country remained independent?.

25. How would a map of Southeast Asia in 1965 differ from this 1914 map of
the region?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. has the region’s most developed economy A. Papua
2. Southeast Asian political and economic alliance B. Singapore
3. organization that provides loans to Asian
C. Manila
member countries
4. site of Indonesian mineral deposits D. ADB
5. capital of the Philippines E. ASEAN

(10 points each)
6. Which of the following is Southeast Asia’s major food source?

a. coconuts c. rice
b. fish d. wheat
7. The amount of rice grown in a region depends upon

a. rainfall and irrigation. c. government regulations.
b. available technology. d. cool temperatures.
8. In areas of Southeast Asia, with a dry season, farmers grow for

food crops.
a. corn, sugar, and beans c. coconuts
b. coffee, sugarcane, and coconuts d. corn, yams, and bananas
9. Communication and transportation in Southeast Asia

a. are technologically advanced c. are generally poor throughout
and available to most people. the region.
b. vary in quality, depending upon d. compare well with what is available
the local economy. in western Europe.
10. Economic growth in Southeast Asia has slowed because of

a. political instability. c. rapid population growth.
b. a lack of technology and skills. d. all of the above

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. made less or fewer A. sustainable development
2. growth that does not use up the natural or B. Mount Pinatubo
human resources of an area
C. Mount Agung
3. sacred volcano in Bali
4. active volcano in the Philippines D. Bangkok
5. urban heat island E. diminished

(10 points each)
6. Typhoon winds may reach speeds of miles per hour.

a. 200 c. 75
b. 40 d. 180

7. Why have Southeast Asia’s environmental problems increased?
a. Its growing population uses up c. The region has a high level of
more resources. technology and industry.
b. Natural disasters occur regularly d. The government is not concerned
in this part of the world. about the environment.
8. When farmers practice , they cut a forest to plant crops for a short time.
a. subsistence farming c. shifting cultivation
b. dry farming d. erosion cultivation
9. Thailand and Malaysia have placed limits on

a. timber imports. c. immigration.
b. timber exports. d. urban growth.
10. Deforestation in Southeast Asia is caused by

I. slash-and-burn agriculture.
II. timber harvesting.
III. shifting cultivation.
a. I c. I and II
b. II d. I, II, and III

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: Southeast Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. a place where goods can be unloaded, stored, A. sickle
and reshipped without paying import duties
B. lode
2. a deposit of minerals
C. free port
3. a long, sharp, curved harvesting tool
4. a flooded field in which rice is grown D. interdependent
5. reliant on one another E. rice paddy

6. Why are commercial farms and subsistence farms both important in this region?
a. Rich soil is an abundant resource. c. People need available food; the
economy needs money from exports.
b. Local people need money to d. Rural areas have willing laborers
buy groceries. whose families need not worry

about food.
7. Which of the following challenges do Southeast Asian countries face in their

efforts to protect their environments?
a. managing scarce water resources c. increasing import-export trade
b. halting illegal logging and d. promoting use of dry farming
enforcing environmental laws methods of rural areas
8. ASEAN was formed to help Southeast Asian member countries share in

a. cultural and economic matters. c. cash crops and subsistence crops.
b. profits from exports. d. advanced agricultural techniques.
9. An eruption of destroyed homes and killed hundreds of people in the

Philippines in 1991.
a. Tai Phi c. Mount Agung
b. The Ring of Fire d. Mount Pinatubo
10. Singapore is
a. a rural region with poor systems c. an overcrowded city with a weak
of transportation. justice system.
b. a center of world trade and d. dependent on tourism for most of
strong economic force. its income.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. An economic crisis in the region in 1997 was caused by

a. civil wars in Vietnam and c. financial mismanagement and
Cambodia. corruption.
b. a destructive tsunami. d. trade surpluses with Europe.
12. Which of the following are cash crops grown in Southeast Asia?
a. pigs, vegetables, and rice c. timber, rice, and sugarcane
b. rubber, sugarcane, coconuts, d. rice and palm oil
and coffee
13. Overheating caused by increasing populations and industrialization affects

a. Phnom Penh. c. Bangkok.
b. Hanoi. d. Vientiane.
14. Rice is grown throughout Southeast Asia in

a. greenhouses. c. flooded paddies.
b. mountain terraces. d. government plantations.
15. Plantation owners burn large tracts of land

a. to assist subsistence farmers. c. in times of war.
b. to plant profitable cash crops. d. to create jobs for local workers.

16. Making Inferences How has economic growth affected Southeast Asia?
Include both a benefit to the region, as well as a negative effect.

17. Analyzing Briefly explain some of the causes and effects of forest fires
throughout the region.
IV. Applying Skills

NOTABLE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Location Date Casualties Major Cause
Kelut, Indonesia 1586 10,000 [unknown]
Tambora, Indonesia 1815 92,000 Starvation
Krakatau, Indonesia 1883 36,000 Tsunami
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines 1991 800 Roof Collapse
18. How many years passed between each eruption in Indonesia?

19. Rank these four volcanoes in order from most destructive to least
destructive in terms of loss of life.
20. Why is the cause of casualties during the eruption at Kelut unknown?

Name Date Class

Nikorn Phasuk, a Bangkok policeman who is also known as Plastic Man,
steps onto a stage of asphalt under the glare of a blazing sun. He crouch-
es, then retreats with mincing footwork as he coaxes vehicles toward him
with fluid arm gestures, part of an artful ballet he uses to keep traffic
rolling, no small feat in the city that may have the most congested streets
in the world.
—Noel Grove, “The Many Faces of Thailand,” National Geographic,
February 1996
21. What point does the author make by describing Nikorn Phasuk’s job?
tion on a separate sheet of paper.
Tropical Forms in the

cyclone Pacific Ocean
Often occurs Winds circulate

between July and in counterclockwise
November direction
22. What is the topic of this web diagram?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Southeast Asia’s Burning Forests
Causes Effects
Ecosystems are destroyed and
Timber industry cuts down
animals are displaced from their
trees for lumber.
natural habitats.
Plantations clear land for

Smoke from burning forests
commercial farming.
creates air pollution/smog.
Burning
Individuals clear land for
Forests
Respiratory and other diseases
subsistence farming.
are caused by polluted air/smog.
El Niño brings unusually dry Tourism has declined as a result

conditions. of the smoky atmosphere.

23. How do forest fires in Southeast Asia affect the health of people who
live there?
24. What effect have forest fires had on tourism in Southeast Asia?
25. How do plantation owners contribute to forest fires?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: Southeast Asia

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. an area of low atmospheric pressure surrounded A. sustainable development
by circulating winds
2. growth that does not deplete the human and B. cyclone
natural resources of a region
3. the practice of clearing land for agriculture and C. green zone
then moving on after a few years
4. a tropical cyclone that forms in the Pacific Ocean D. shifting cultivation
5. an area within a city that is granted special
environmental protection E. typhoon

6. In Papua today, there are

a. few mineral resources. c. many family-owned mining

businesses.
b. groups favoring independence. d. world-class public services.
7. Southeast Asian businesses can approach for agricultural and

transportation loans.
a. free ports c. ASEAN
b. Vietnam d. the ADB
8. In Vietnam, and have hurt the country’s economic development.

a. rapid population growth; c. slash-and-burn agriculture;
inadequate transportation rapid population growth
b. a labor shortage; poor education d. inadequate transportation; a labor
shortage
9. Singapore goods that pass through its ports.
a. confiscates c. places high tariffs and surcharges on
b. does not charge tariffs on d. rejects all
10. is grown primarily in a stretch of 700 miles (1,126 km) on each side of
the Equator in Southeast Asia.
a. Coffee b. Cassava c. Rubber d. Rice
11. More than half of the arable land in the region is used to grow
a. yams. b. rice. c. corn. d. bananas.
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Rice grows well in Southeast Asia because most of the region has a
a. dry climate. c. cool climate.
b. wet climate. d. short growing season.
13. The existence of ASEAN and the ADB shows that Southeast Asian countries are
a. in need of economic help from c. in economic crisis.
the United States.
b. interdependent. d. independent.
14. Southeast Asia’s location along the Ring of Fire results in

a. earthquakes. c. little seismic activity.
b. low land elevations. d. typhoons.
15. Which statement about Southeast Asia’s population is accurate?

a. It stays about the same from year c. It is becoming more urbanized.
to year.
b. Its standard of living has been d. It is declining because of government
decreasing. incentives to keep families small.

16. Determining Cause and Effect Briefly explain some of the causes and
effects of forest fires throughout the region.
17. Making Inferences How has international shipping helped Singapore to
prosper?

IV. Applying Skills
NOTABLE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Location Date Casualties Major Cause
Kelut, Indonesia 1586 10,000 [unknown]
Tambora, Indonesia 1815 92,000 Starvation
Krakatau, Indonesia 1883 36,000 Tsunami
Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines 1991 800 Roof Collapse
18. Which country experienced two devastating eruptions in the 1800s?
19. What was the major cause for loss of life in the Tambora eruption,
and why might that have been the cause?
20. Considering that Mount Pinatubo’s eruption resulted in a far smaller
loss of life than did the others, why is it considered a “notable” eruption?

Name Date Class

Since most rice is eaten in the countries where it’s grown, the amount in
world trade is small, only about 4 percent. The biggest exporter is Thailand,
with 4.5 million tons a year. . . . [A]t Bangkok . . . [m]illed rice arrives by
truck from the north—I see 100-kilo bags stacked 27 high—to be . . .
packed for shipment to the Middle East, Europe, Africa.
—Peter T. White, “Rice, the Essential Harvest,” National Geographic, May
1994
21. Why does rice grow well in Southeast Asia?
Reading a Chart Use the chart

Country Major Export Major Import
on the right to answer the follow-
ing questions on a separate sheet Brunei Crude oil Machinery
of paper. Cambodia Timber Construction materials
22. Are electronic and computer East Timor Coconut products Manufactured goods
equipment the major exports Indonesia Crude oil Manufactured goods
of countries that are more Laos Wood products Machinery
industrialized or less indus-
Myanmar Beans Machinery
trialized than other Southeast
Asian countries? Philippines Electronic equipment Raw Materials
Singapore Computer equipment Aircraft
23. Which countries export
crude oil? Thailand Manufactured goods Machinery
Vietnam Crude oil Machinery
(continued)

Name Date Class
Southeast Asia: Economic Activity

100°E 110°E 120°E 130°E 140°E
Land Use
Commercial farming
EAST Subsistence farming
ASIA Hunting and gathering
30°N Manufacturing and trade
Commercial fishing
Resources
Petroleum
TROPIC OF CANCER Natural gas
Coal
MYANMAR Hanoi Luzon Strait
Teak N Nickel
20°N Teak L A O S Rice
Gulf of Tungsten
Tonkin
Yangon Copper
(Rangoon) TH A ILA ND
South
Philippine Tin
Rice Rice Sugarcane
Rice Rice
China Manila Se a
Bangkok Gemstones
Rubber VIETNAM
CAMBODIA Gold
Se a
Andaman Phnom PHILIPPINES
Sea Gulf of Penh Ho Chi Minh City N
10°N Rice
Thailand N
Sulu Sea

Coconuts
Abaca
Corn P a c i f ic
Tea BRUNEI
Kuala Celebes Ocean
Medan Lumpur M A L A Y S I A Sea
Rubber Coconuts
Rubber
EQUATOR SINGAPORE Rice
SU
0°
M
N
Spices
AT
Pearls
Ka
Coffee B OR NE O
RA
rim
N N
at
CELEBES
aS
Palembang Spices Spices

Coconuts Rubber
tra
NEW GUINEA
it
J a v a S e a Coconuts
Spices Banda Sea
I nd ia n Jakarta
I N D O N E S I A
Bandung JAVA Surabaya
Oce a n Coconuts
Cassava A r a f u r a Se a
10°S
Pearls EAST TIMOR
0 mi. 400
0 km 400
AUSTRALIA
24. What kinds of lodes are indicated on this map?

25. What is the difference between commercial and subsistence farming?

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Southeast Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. volcanic mountain in the Philippines A. flora
2. area of earthquake and volcanic activity B. Khmer Rouge
3. brutal Cambodian communist government C. Pinatubo
4. busy capital of Thailand D. Bangkok
5. plant life E. Ring of Fire

6. Which statement about the population of island Southeast Asia is accurate?
a. The population is about c. The population has dropped to
370 million. 50 million in the past decade.
b. The population has leveled off d. The population is about 15 million
at about 50 million. and is growing rapidly.
7. Under the Khmer Rouge,

a. thousands of Cambodians were c. Angkor Wat was built to honor
killed or exiled. Hindu gods and goddesses.
b. trade increased among India, d. dams were built to prevent flooding
Cambodia, and Singapore. of the Irrawaddy River.
8. The most prevalent religion in Southeast Asia is
a. Buddhism. c. Islam.
b. Daoism. d. Christianity.
9. was the strongest early cultural influence upon Vietnam.
a. India c. China
b. Islam d. France
10. On the island of Bali, young women dance the to reenact an ancient
Indian story.
a. Legong b. gamelan c. Borobudur d. Ramayana
11. are the most commonly spoken languages in the Philippines.
a. Chinese, Filipino, and French c. English, Filipino, and Dutch
b. English, Filipino, and Spanish d. Hindi, Filipino, Spanish, and Chinese
(continued)
Name Date Class
Unit 10, Form A Test
12. Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia are leading producers of

a. tungsten. b. manganese. c. tin. d. iron ore.
13. In the predominant Southeast Asian climate,

a. rainfall figures average about c. rainfall figures may reach 188 inches
79 inches (201 cm) annually. (478 cm) each year.
b. rainfall figures may reach d. long, dry seasons alternate with
100 inches (254 cm) each year. seasonal rains.
14. The Malay Peninsula includes which of the following?
a. Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos c. all of Thailand and part of Malaysia
b. parts of Thailand and Malaysia d. part of Thailand and all of Singapore
15. Which of the following statements about the Mekong River is accurate?
a. The Mekong River begins in c. It empties into the Gulf of Thailand.
Cambodia.
b. It forms the border between d. It is 1,500 miles (2,414 km) long.
Thailand and Laos.

16. Summarizing the Main Idea Explain how the peninsulas and islands of
Southeast Asia were formed and how nature continues to shape the physical
geography of this region.
17. Comparing and Contrasting Compare and contrast the present-day

economies and environments of the following: Malaysia, Papua, and
Singapore. Provide details explaining how these regions are similar
and different.
IV. Applying Skills

Country Percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Arable Land Per Capita GDP Literacy Rate
Singapore Industry 34%, Services 66% 2% $28,600 92.5%
Malaysia Agriculture 8%, Industry 48%, 5% $12,000 88.7%
Services 44%
Vietnam Agriculture 21%, Industry 41%, 20% $2,800 90.0%
Services 38%
Indonesia Agriculture 13%, Industry 46%, 11% $3,600 87.9%
Services 41%
18. Which country on the chart has the lowest per capita GDP?
19. How do most people in Singapore make a living?
20. Which country has the highest per capita GDP?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Southeast Asia
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. capital of Vietnam A. Hanoi
2. urban area that serves as a country’s economic
center B. Khmer
3. empire that established maritime routes still
C. Srivijaya
used by Singapore
4. ancient Mekong River culture D. Mekong
5. waterway that passes through Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia, and Vietnam E. primate city

6. was the strongest early cultural influence upon Vietnam.
a. India b. Islam c. China d. France
7. Why did East Timor seek independence from Indonesia?

a. The people of East Timor c. The people of East Timor hoped
practice Islam. to industrialize independently.
b. Indonesia’s cities were over- d. East Timor’s religious and cultural
crowded and poverty stricken. influences differ from Indonesia’s.
8. Why has the Indonesian government set aside large areas of Papua?
a. to protect a wild and valuable c. to separate ethnic groups within
region Indonesia
b. to mine minerals and harvest d. to help reduce serious overcrowding
timber in cities
9. In Southeast Asia, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are a major concern due to
a. the climate of the region. c. the region’s close proximity to the
Equator.
b. the region’s close proximity to d. ocean currents.
the Ring of Fire.
10. Angkor Wat is an example of which of the following?
I. the Khmer culture that once thrived along the Mekong River
II. Hindu influence in Southeast Asia
III. Southeast Asia’s political diversity
a. I b. III c. I and II d. II and III
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 10, Form B Test
11. European colonizers changed the islands’ economic systems by

a. replacing large commercial c. replacing small farms with large
plantations with small farms. commercial plantations.
b. shifting to an export-based d. shifting to an import-based
economy. economy.
12. Natural boundaries between some Southeast Asian countries are formed by
a. plateaus. c. rivers.
b. cordilleras and rivers. d. plateaus and plains.
13. The Shan Plateau, sometimes called “tropical Scotland,” in has lower
temperatures than the rest of the country.
a. Laos b. Myanmar c. Cambodia d. Singapore
14. Countries that need assistance with transportation or agricultural projects
can apply to for loans.
a. ASEAN b. the ADB c. the United Nations d. OPEC
15. In general, Southeast Asian countries
a. have varied economic bases c. are rural with no interest in industrial
and levels of industrial growth. development.
b. have difficulty funding industrial d. are rapidly moving toward
projects. industrialization.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships Briefly explain some of the
causes and effects of forest fires throughout the region.
17. Categorizing Information Name some of the diverse flora and fauna of the

region. Are they found anywhere else?
IV. Applying Skills

Country Percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Arable Land Per Capita GDP Literacy Rate
Singapore Industry 34%, Services 66% 2% $28,600 92.5%
Malaysia Agriculture 8%, Industry 48%, 5% $12,000 88.7%
Services 44%
Vietnam Agriculture 21%, Industry 41%, 20% $2,800 90.0%
Services 38%
Indonesia Agriculture 13%, Industry 46%, 11% $3,600 87.9%
Services 41%
18. Which country on the chart has the highest per capita GDP? How much
higher is it than the country with the lowest per capita GDP?
19. In which country does industry account for the largest percentage of GDP?
20. In which country is agriculture the highest percentage of GDP?

Name Date Class
Pretest
Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica

A B
1. largest country in the South Pacific A. Sydney
2. has nearly 20 times more livestock than people B. typhoon
3. formed from skeletons of tiny sea animals C. lagoon
4. area that consists of thousands of islands D. Australia
5. famous natural wonder in Australia E. Great Barrier Reef
6. large city in Australia F. New Zealand
7. shallow pool of clear water G. Oceania
8. Australia’s earliest people H. coral
9. type of Australian native animal I. marsupial
10. violent storm in the Pacific Ocean J. Aborigines
11. Many islands in Oceania were formed by

a. glaciers. c. tectonic activity.
b. water erosion. d. wind.
12. Artesian wells are

a. wells of water brought up c. used for crops.
with buckets.
b. safe for humans to drink. d. pressurized underground water.
13. In what part or parts of Australia do most Australians live?

a. in the western deserts, c. on islands off the coast and in the
mountains, and coastal plains interior
b. in the outback d. along the southeast, eastern, and
southwestern coasts
14. Which of the following statements about Europeans in the region is accurate?
a. Europeans had a very small c. Europeans came to this region in the
impact on this region. 1500s but then left and never returned.
b. Europeans had a very large d. Europeans never explored this region
impact on this region. before 1900.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 11, Pretest
15. Australia is the world’s leading producer of

a. automobiles. c. wool.
b. cheese. d. computers.
16. Many people in Oceania grow food for themselves through farming.
a. corporate c. export
b. agribusiness d. subsistence
17. The Maori, New Zealand’s indigenous peoples, came from

a. Micronesia. c. Melanesia.
b. Polynesia. d. Australia.
18. What is an atoll?

a. a type of boat used in Oceania’s c. a low, ring-shaped island with
Outback and west coast a lagoon in the middle
b. a fruit-bearing tree found in d. a native marsupial found in Australia’s
Papua New Guinea Outback
19. Australia is still a dominion of

a. France. c. the United States.
b. New Zealand. d. Great Britain.
20. Most islands in Oceania have a climate.

a. tropical rain forest c. humid subtropical

b. marine west coast d. steppe

21. Making Inferences What forms of transportation would be most

important in Oceania? Why?
22. Drawing Conclusions How do you suppose the Outback got its name?

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Land
A B
1. “many islands” A. coral
2. the sparsely-populated central and western
B. Melanesia
parts of Australia
3. limestone skeletons produced by tiny sea C. Outback
creatures
D. Polynesia
4. volcano on New Zealand
5. “black islands” E. Ruapehu

(10 points each)
6. Australia has rich mineral resources, including

a. bauxite, opals, zinc, coal, and gold. c. rubies and pearls.
b. gold, silver, and emeralds. d. aluminum, emeralds, and copper.
7. The Great Barrier Reef consists of

a. a single enormous coral reef c. a series of more than 2,500 small
along the Australian coast. coral reefs.
b. four connected coral reefs that d. a place where you can no longer find
circle Australia. any coral.
8. Oceania’s atolls are formed by

a. uplifting. c. continental drift.
b. the buildup of coral. d. volcanic activity.
9. Most of South Island in New Zealand is

a. a fertile lowland plain c. a tropical rain forest.
with many farms and ranches.
b. a dry and barren landscape d. covered by towering snowy
of brown hills and rocks. mountains.
10. Oceania’s island types include

a. high islands. c. continental islands.
b. low islands. d. all of the above

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. large, interior desert area A. Oceania
2. about 90 percent of its plants are native B. typhoons
3. violent storms formed in the doldrums
C. New Zealand
4. lies mostly between the Equator and the
Tropic of Capricorn D. Antarctica
5. very cold year-round E. Western Plateau

(10 points each)
6. Most of New Zealand has a

a. desert climate. c. marine west coast climate.
b. steppe climate. d. tropical climate.

7. The doldrums are the result of
a. warm, wet air colliding with c. dry air rising over central
cooler, drier air. Australia.
b. high humidity. d. opposing ocean currents near the
Equator.
8. The ____________ receives an average annual rainfall of 315 inches (800 cm).
a. Antarctic Plateau c. Southern Alps
b. Western Plateau d. Great Dividing Range
9. Eucalyptus and acacia trees grow in Australia’s

a. interior deserts. c. steppe climate region surrounding
the deserts.
b. Western Plateau. d. Great Barrier Reef off the coast of
the continent.
10. Most islands in Oceania have a

a. mild tropical dry climate. c. humid desert climate.
b. tropical wet climate. d. windy, dry, and warm climate.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Physical Geography of Australia,
Oceania, and Antarctica
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. “many islands” A. Micronesia
2. large interior area of Australia B. Melanesia
3. “little islands” C. Western Plateau
4. part of New Zealand D. Polynesia
5. “black islands” E. North Island

6. An island formed by ancient rock from the ocean floor is called a

a. volcanic island. c. continental island.
b. high island. d. low island.
7. What are the doldrums?

a. an Antarctic region in which c. a stormy area near the Tropic
many ships have been lost of Capricorn
b. a generally windless area d. a very cold region off the coast
near the Equator of New Zealand
8. Wells from which pressurized water flows to the surface are called
a. freshwater wells. c. underground wells.
b. aquifers. d. artesian wells.
9. Australia’s Great Dividing Range and Western Plateau are separated by the
a. Central Lowlands. c. Tasman Sea.
b. Cape York Peninsula. d. Great Barrier Reef.
10. Which statement about rainfall in Oceania is accurate?

a. Some high islands receive only c. Heavy rains result when cool air
20 inches (51 cm) of rain annually. mixes with warm ocean breezes.
b. Low islands experience heavy d. The amount of rainfall varies from
rainfall. island to island.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. The Great Barrier Reef consists of

a. a single enormous reef along the c. a series of more than 2,500 small
Australian coast. reefs.
b. four connected reefs that circle d. a place where you can no longer
Australia. find any coral.
12. Islands formed by the buildup of coral reefs on submerged volcanoes are called
islands.
a. continental c. submerged
b. low d. high
13. Which features are part of New Zealand’s climate?

a. year-round rainfall and tem- c. little rainfall and very hot temperatures
peratures that are not extreme most of the year
b. rainfall half the year and d. heavy rainfall and bitterly cold
extreme temperatures in winter temperatures
14. Australia mines one-fourth of the world’s

a. iron. b. lead. c. bauxite. d. copper.
15. Dry low islands

a. grow only shrubs and grasses. c. have lots of soil.
b. grow only palm trees and d. have a multitude of natural resources.
other trees.

16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships How does the climate of low
islands in Oceania affect the plant life that grows there? As part of your
answer, briefly describe the climate.
17. Comparing and Contrasting Compare the physical geography and
climate of a typical atoll in Oceania with that of New Zealand.
IV. Applying Skills

AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION EXTREMES

Highest Average Lowest Average
Australia 340.0 inches (863.6 cm) 4.05 inches (10.3 cm)
Oceania 460.0 inches (1,168.4 cm) 8.93 inches (22.7 cm)
Source: The World Almanac, 2005
18. Which area has the highest average precipitation?

19. What is the lowest average precipitation measured in the region?
20. What is the range, in inches, between Australia’s highest and lowest
average precipitation?

Name Date Class

I have grown to love this cold, strange place. . . . Such a reaction may
seem odd to those who have never heard the sigh of ice floes jostling on
the swells. . . . Alighting here briefly, like a bird of passage, I have come
to see this transient frontier not as a harsh place but as a living creature
that nurtures a multitude of other lives. . . . We can’t conquer it, settle it,
even own it. The winter ice belongs only to itself.
—Jane Ellen Stevens, “Exploring Antarctic Ice,” National Geographic, May
1996
21. Explain why no humans have settled permanently in Antarctica.
Although Melbourne’s [Australia] weather remains notoriously unpredictable,

the climate rarely hits extremes: High temperatures average in the mid-50’s
(°F) in winter (June–August) and in the upper 70’s in summer
(December–February).
—Luba Vangelova, “48 Hours in Melbourne,” National Geographic Traveler,
January/February 1999
22. Explain why it is warmer in Melbourne in December than it is in June.
Selected Islands in Oceania

Country Population Landmass Major Export Major Import

Fiji 900,000 7,054 sq. mi. Sugar Machinery
Kiribati 105,400 282 sq. mi. Coconut Products Foods
Nauru 13,300 9 sq. mi. Phosphates Foods
Palau 20,000 178 sq. mi. Fish Machinery
Papua New Guinea 5,670,000 178,703 sq. mi. Gold Machinery
Solomon Islands 550,000 11,158 sq. mi. Cocoa Machinery
23. Which of the countries listed in the table has the largest population and
largest landmass?
24. Which country has about five times as many people as Kiribati?
25. What information in the table would lead you to conclude that the coun-
tries of Oceania are not heavily industrialized?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Physical Geography of Australia,
Oceania, and Antarctica
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. the limestone skeletons of a tiny sea animal A. artesian well
2. the windless area near the Equator
B. atoll
3. a well from which pressurized water flows to
the surface C. doldrums
4. a shallow pool of clear water
D. coral
5. a ring-shaped island formed by the buildup of
coral E. lagoon

6. islands are characterized by mountain ranges split by valleys that fan

out into coastal plains.
a. Low c. Continental
b. High d. Continental and low
7. Which of the following statements about Australia’s Central Lowlands is accurate?
a. Rivers and lakes in the area retain c. They are an arid expanse of grassland
their size throughout the year. and desert.
b. Artesian wells in the area provide d. They are located in western Australia.
water for crops.
8. The Great Barrier Reef is formed from
a. deposits of marine life, such c. the limestone skeletons of tiny lichens.
as fish and whales.
b. sand and salt water mixing d. the limestone skeletons of tiny sea
together in hot climates. animals.
9. is (are) New Zealand’s most fertile area.
a. The Canterbury Plains c. Mount Raupehu
b. The Southern Alps d. The Lake Taupo region
10. A continental island is
a. formed by rising and folding of c. formed by submerged volcanoes.
ancient rock from the ocean floor.
b. characterized by mountain ranges d. formed by coral.
split by valleys.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Several tree species have been imported to New Zealand to combat in
its forests.
a. landslides c. invasive pests
b. erosion d. widespread disease
12. What is manuka?
a. a dry wind c. a coconut palm
b. an acacia sapling d. a small shrub
13. What is New Zealand’s most important resource?
a. the ocean c. its lakes
b. tourism in the mountains d. its soil
14. The Great Barrier Reef is located off the
a. east coast of New Zealand. c. south coast of Australia.
b. northwest coast of Papua d. northeast coast of Australia.
New Guinea.
15. New Zealand supplies most of its power needs with hydroelectric
and power.
a. nuclear c. geothermal
b. solar d. wind

16. Predicting Consequences What might happen if the Western Plateau

remained in a drought for several years?
17. Decision Making If you were thinking of moving to the region to
farm and raise sheep, which country would you choose for this activity,
and why?
IV. Applying Skills

MEASURED EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURES

Highest Lowest
Australia 128˚F (53.3˚C) 9.4˚F (23.0˚C)
Oceania 108˚F (42.2˚C) 12.0˚F (11.1˚C)
Source: The World Almanac, 2005
18. What is the coldest temperature in the region, and where was it recorded?
19. Which area has the warmest range of temperatures?
20. Where did the region’s highest temperature occur?

Name Date Class

Te Urewera [National Park] . . . means forest: the most extensive continu-
ous native forest on the North Island. Almost all New Zealand’s native
trees are evergreen, and as I head into the Huiarau Range, the wood-
land—tall, ferny, viny—seems spread as thickly on the hills as green icing
on a child’s birthday cake.
—Mel White, “Into the Wilds of New Zealand,” National Geographic Traveler,
January/February 1997
21. What are some of North Island’s other geographic features?

Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica: Climate Regions

120°E 140°E 160°E 180° 140°W
20°N
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
160°W
10°N
Pacific Ocean
EQUATOR 0 mi. 1,000
0°
0 km 1,000
Port Moresby
10°S
Darwin
Suva
Coral
20°S
Sea
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
Brisbane 0° AN
20°
20°E
40
°E
TA
°W
40
RC
W
30°S ATLaNTIC
Perth OCEaN
Sydney
TI
Adelaide 60
°W
C
°E
Canberra 60
CI
Melbourne
70
RC
°S
40°S
LE
Tasman Wellington
Tropical
Indian Ocean
Dry Sea
80
°S
80°W 80°E
Tropical rain forest Steppe Christchurch
Tropical savanna Desert South
Pole
Mid-Latitude High Latitude 50°S
A N T A R C T I C A
100°W 100°E
Marine west coast Tundra N
Mediterranean Ice cap
Humid subtropical Highlands
W
PaCIFIC 12
0°
(climate varies 0 °W 0°E

14
60°S 12 0 mi. OCeaN

°W
1,000
with elevation)
180°
INDIaN
160
160
0 km 1,000 OCEaN
14
0°
°E

E
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE
22. is a country with beaches, snow-capped mountains, and a marine

west coast climate.
23. A windless area known as the lies along a narrow band near the
Equator.
24. Most islands in Oceania have a climate. (continued)

Name Date Class
NEW ZEALAND
Population Distribution 86% urban; 14% rural
Average Temperature Auckland: January 75ºF (24ºC); July 58ºF (14ºC)
Wellington: January 69ºF (21ºC); July 52ºF (11ºC)
Average Annual Precipitation Auckland: 49 inches (124 cm)
Wellington: 50 inches (127 cm)
Vegetation 2,000 indigenous species
1,500 unique species found nowhere else
Land geysers, mineral hot springs, frequent earthquakes
Education free and compulsory for ages 6–16 years
25. Explain why biologists might find New Zealand a particularly interesting
place to visit.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
Australia and New Zealand

A B
1. a major commercial port in Australia A. dominion
2. Australian English B. Strine
3. self-governing country with a larger empire C. Auckland
4. indigenous people of New Zealand D. Melbourne
5. port city in New Zealand E. Maori

(10 points each)
6. The first Aborigines probably arrived in Australia 40,000 to 60,000 years ago from
a. New Zealand. c. Africa.
b. Southeast Asia. d. South America.
7. The major language of Australia and New Zealand is

a. French. c. pidgin English.

b. English. d. Spanish.
8. British sailor James Cook

a. claimed eastern Australia for c. circled Antarctica.
Great Britain.
b. made maps of Australia and the d. all of the above.
islands of the South Pacific.
9. Today, Maori artisans continue a tradition of

a. elaborate woodcarving. c. rock painting.
b. belief in the Dreamtime. d. speaking Strine.
10. In Australia and New Zealand, where do most people live?

a. along the coastal areas c. in the western areas of the countries
b. split evenly between coastal d. in large cities in the interior portions
and interior areas of the countries

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz
Oceania
A B
1. island in French Polynesia A. pidgin English
2. raising plants and fruit on small plots of land B. Tahiti
3. U.S. territory in Micronesia C. horticulture
4. possess an egalitarian social structure D. Chimbu
5. blend of indigenous languages and English E. Guam

(10 points each)
6. What are the three major indigenous groups of Oceania?

a. Melanesians, Maoris, c. Melanesians, Polynesians,
and Polynesians and Micronesians
b. Melanesians, Micronesians, d. Melanesians, New Zealanders,
and Australians and Polynesians

7. are some of the many islands in Melanesia.
a. Papua New Guinea, Nauru, c. New Caledonia, Tuvalu,
and Tonga and the Marianas
b. Guam and the Solomon Islands d. Fiji and Papua New Guinea
8. How did the early indigenous peoples of Oceania obtain food?

a. by farming and hunting c. by fishing and trading with one
another
b. by growing crops such as rice, d. by gathering seafood, coconuts, and
wheat, breadfruit, coconuts, breadfruit as well as cultivating
and corn crops such as yams
9. Many of today’s conflicts in Oceania have their roots in

a. colonial times. c. climate changes during the past
200 years.
b. indigenous struggles. d. ocean tides and mineral rights.
10. Most islanders in Oceania live

a. in the mountains. c. on the coasts.
b. in the interior regions. d. by lagoons.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
Cultural Geography of Australia
and Oceania
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. island south of Australia A. Aborigines
2. Polynesia’s largest island B. Tahiti
3. indigenous people of Australia C. Tasmania
4. indigenous people of New Zealand D. Guam
5. island that is a U.S. territory E. Maori

6. Which of the following may be the world’s oldest surviving culture?

a. Aborigines c. Palawa
b. Maori d. Polynesians
7. When the British settled Australia, they

a. shared the land with Aborigines c. adapted Aboriginal ways to their
and respected their traditions. own culture.
b. did not encounter any Aboriginal d. forced Aborigines from the land
peoples for a hundred years. and denied them basic rights.
8. Which statement about urbanization in the region is accurate?

a. The largest Australian cities are c. Auckland, Christchurch, and Wellington
Perth and Brisbane. are New Zealand’s largest cities.
b. About 30 percent of Oceania’s d. Many people live in interior towns and
population lives in urban areas. cities in Australia and New Zealand.
9. Literacy rates in Australia and New Zealand are no less than

a. 80 percent. c. 99 percent.
b. 90 percent. d. 100 percent.
10. Which of the following are independent Polynesian countries?

a. Tuvalu, Tonga, and Samoa c. New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
and Tonga
b. Samoa, Tahiti, and New Zealand d. Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Historically, trade in Oceania often

a. increased migrations among c. meant that different island peoples
the islands. did not meet one another.
b. decreased migrations among d. had no effect on the development
the islands. of cultures.
12. Today, the most widely practiced religion in Australia and New Zealand is
a. Aborigine. c. Islam.
b. Maori. d. Christianity.
13. From the 1500s to the late 1700s, Europeans

a. explored the world without c. traded in the region but did not
coming to the South Pacific. establish colonies.
b. came to the region and d. asked permission of the indigenous
established colonies. peoples to establish colonies.
14. In 1788, Great Britain began using Australia
a. as a convict colony. c. as a colony to be developed at some
future date.
b. as an agriculture commune. d. as a vacation destination.
15. Which of the following cultures holds to a system of belief called Dreamtime?
a. Palawa c. Arrente
b. Maori d. Aborigine
III. Critical Thinking Questions ISLANDS OF OCEANIA

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on Area Country/Territory
Melanesia—located Papua New Guinea
16. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships in southwestern Fiji
What is one major cultural effect of migration Pacific Ocean Solomon Islands
among places in this region? New Caledonia
17. Categorizing Information How would you (French)
distinguish the following: a trust territory, an Micronesia—located Federated States
independent republic, and a dominion? Give in western Pacific of Micronesia
an example of each. Ocean east of Nauru
Philippines Kiribati
IV. Applying Skills Guam (U.S. territory)
Marianas Islands
(U.S. territory)
sheet of paper. Polynesia—located Samoa
in central Pacific Tonga
18. In which area is Samoa located? Ocean Tuvalu
19. Which two islands are under French rule? Tahiti (French)
20. Which area contains U.S. territories?

Name Date Class

In this one factory you had people from maybe ten, twelve different coun-
tries, all speaking different languages. That’s what Sydney was like. . . .
It’s a beautiful . . . country—beautiful. Great weather. Lovely lifestyle.
Plenty of opportunity if you want to work, hard.
—Sydney mayor Frank Sartor, quoted by Bill Bryson, “Sydney,” National
Geographic, August 2000
21. The speaker is commenting on the diverse nationalities of Australia’s
.
2006 Estimated Male 2006 Estimated Female

Country Population (thousands) Population (thousands)
Australia 10,166 10,268
Cook Islands 8 7
Fiji 461 458
French Polynesia 144 135
Kiribati 54 54
Marshall Islands 32 30
New Zealand 2,045 2,071

Northern Mariana Islands 36 48
Papua New Guinea 2,959 2,836
Samoa 110 104
Solomon Islands 287 280
Tonga 58 59
Source: The World Factbook 2008, www.cia.gov
22. What was the total population of Fiji in 2008?

23. Which country in Oceania had the largest population in 2008?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Countries and Territories of Oceania

Northern Wake Hawaii
Mariana Midway Johnson Atoll N O R T H
Philippine Islands Island Islands
(U.S.) (U.S.)
Sea (U.S.) Saipan M (U.S.) P A C I F I C
P
Philippines Kingman Palmyra
Guam I Marshall
O
(U.S.) Baker Is. Reef Atoll O C E A N
(U.S.) Caroline Islands C
R Islands (U.S.) (U.S.)
LY
(U.S.)
Li
Papua Phoenix Jarvis Is.
ne
Palau New Micronesia Gilbert
Is.
NE
O
Islands (U.S.)
Is
Guinea Kiribati
la
N
Solomon Tuvalu Marquesas
nd
Tokelau
E
SI
Indonesia Islands Nauru Islands
s
(N.Z.) Cook Is.
S
Arfura Sea Wallis & (N.Z.) French

IA
A
M Samoa
Gr
Futuna
Timor Sea E L Vanuatu Fiji (France) Bora Bora Polynesia
ea
AN Tahiti Tuamotu
E S I Tonga Niue American
t
Coral Islands
Ba
Sea A Samoa Society Is.

rr
(NZ) (U.S.)
New
ie
Australia Gambier
r
Caledonia Norfolk Austral Islands

Re
(France) Island Islands Pitcairn

ef
(Australia) Island
S O U T H (UK)
Kangaroo New P A C I F I C
Island Zealand North
Tasman Island O C E A N
I N D I A N Tasmania Sea
Auckland South Island Chatham 0 1000 mi
O C E A N Islands Stewart Island
(N. Z.) Island (N.Z.) 0 1000 km
24. Which countries still have control of islands in Oceania?

25. How many islands does this map show the U.S. having some control of?

Name Date Class
Form B Test
Cultural Geography of Australia

and Oceania
I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. throwing stick used in hunting A. clan
2. Australian English that includes Aboriginal
B. boomerang
words and slang
3. a dependent area placed under temporary C. horticulture
control of a foreign country
4. family group D. Strine
5. the raising of plants and fruit on small plots
of land E. trust territory

6. New Zealand was the first country in the world to
a. legally recognize the right c. allow only people who owned

of all people to drive. property to drive.
b. legally recognize women’s d. establish a test that people had
right to vote. to pass in order to vote.
7. Oceania’s earliest settlers were probably from
a. Europe. b. the Americas. c. Asia. d. Africa.
8. Because of differences in physical geography and climate,
a. the population is evenly c. the population of the region is
distributed throughout the region. unevenly distributed.
b. people rarely leave the area d. most indigenous people have
in which they were born. adopted a nomadic way of life.
9. Where is most of Australia’s population concentrated?
a. along the western coasts and c. clustered in small communities
in the interior that ring the continent
b. along the southeastern, eastern, d. in the fertile valleys and plains
and southwestern coasts of the interior outback
10. Which of the following are independent Polynesian countries?
a. Tuvalu, Tonga, and Samoa c. New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
and Tonga
b. Samoa, Tahiti, and New Zealand d. Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Which statement about European settlement in New Zealand and Oceania is accurate?
a. British settlers were attracted to c. European businesses set up subsistence
New Zealand’s rich soil. farms on South Pacific islands.
b. British colonists respected d. British settlers arrived in New Zealand
indigenous social structures. in the twentieth century.
12. Of the world’s 3,000 languages, are spoken in Oceania.
a. 100 c. 1,200
b. 700 d. 2,000
13. On the island of New Britain, shells are still used as
a. money. c. fuel.
b. food. d. weapons.
14. In the early 1900s,
a. both New Zealand and Australia c. Australia was conquered by
gained independence. Great Britain.
b. New Zealand was conquered by d. New Zealand and Australia rebelled
Great Britain. violently against British rule.
15. What is the main focus of the indigenous religious traditions of this region?
a. how to find forgiveness for sin c. the relationship between parents
and their children
b. how to maximize the amount d. the relationship between humans
of one’s resources and nature

16. Finding and Summarizing the Main Idea ISLANDS OF OCEANIA
How did Europeans affect the indigenous Area Country/Territory
peoples of Australia?
Melanesia—located Papua New Guinea
17. Comparing and Contrasting How would in southwestern Fiji
you compare the population distribution Pacific Ocean Solomon Islands
in eastern and western Australia? New Caledonia
(French)
Micronesia—located Federated States
IV. Applying Skills in western Pacific of Micronesia
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to Ocean east of Nauru
answer the following questions on a separate Philippines Kiribati
sheet of paper. Guam (U.S. territory)
Marianas Islands
18. Which area is found in the central Pacific
(U.S. territory)
Ocean?
Polynesia—located Samoa
19. What are the two territories of the United in central Pacific Tonga
States? In which area are they located? Ocean Tuvalu
Tahiti (French)
20. Is Samoa an independent country?

Name Date Class

We’re connected to Europe and North America culturally, but we’re in an
Asian time zone, which gives us an advantage. We have a highly educated
workforce, . . . a first-rate international airport, good communications, and
a stable and sophisticated financial system. We have a wonderful climate
and attractive lifestyle—good restaurants, nice beaches, an optimistic way
of looking at the world that I think outsiders find attractive. Once you
develop a critical mass of those things, you find that more and more
people want to come and be part of it.
—Sydney mayor Frank Sartor, quoted by Bill Bryson, “Sydney,” National
Geographic, August 2000
21. From this quote, you can conclude that the people in Sydney have a
standard of living.
Samoa itself is said to mean “sacred center”. . . . [T]his is where the world
began as the creator, Tagaloalagi, first called forth the earth, sea, and sky
from rock. . . . Language links and artifacts suggest that the first distinctly
Polynesian culture nay have developed here some 3,000 years ago. Over the
centuries that followed, seafarers in double-hulled sailing vessels stocked
with pigs, dogs, and fruits spread that culture across much of the Pacific.
—Douglas Chadwick, “The Samoan Way,” National Geographic,
July 2000
22. The religions of indigenous peoples focus on the relationship between

humans and .
(continued)

Name Date Class
Australia and Oceania: Colonies, 1900

120°E 140°E 160°E 180° 160°W 140°W
Midway

TROPIC OF CANCER Islands Colonies, 1900
British
Wake Hawaiian French 20°N
Island Islands
N Mariana U.S.
Islands German
Guam
Marshall
Caroline Islands Islands
Palmyra
Palau Islands Christmas
Islands Gilbert Island
Nauru Islands EQUATOR
0°
German Ocean Phoenix
New Guinea Island Islands
Solomon Ellice Tokelau Cook
Papua Islands Islands Islands Islands Marquesas
Samoa Islands
New Society
Hebrides Islands Tuamotu
Fiji Is. Archipelago
Tahiti 20°S
New Friendly
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN Caledonia Islands
A u s t r a l i a
Norfolk Pitcairn
Island Island
Lord
Howe Pacific
Island
Ocean
New 40°S
Zealand
0 mi. 1,500
Tasmania
0 km 1,500

23. When did the British first colonize parts of Australia? What did they use
their colony for in the early years?
24. Name some areas of Oceania that were colonized by France.
25. In 1901 Australia won its independence and became a dominion of

Britain. Explain what it means for Australia to be a dominion within the
British Empire.

Name Date Class
Section 1 Quiz
The Economy
A B
1. country with 20 times more farm animals than people A. grazier
2. country with rich deposits of gold and copper B. Australia
3. member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
C. New Zealand
forum (APEC)
4. exporter of copra D. Fiji
5. a rancher in New Zealand E. Papua New Guinea

(10 points each)
6. Public debate about Aboriginal land rights

a. has kept the mining industry c. has helped mining companies open
from mining on certain lands. new lands for development.
b. has had little impact on the d. is now a dead issue in Australia.
mining industry in Australia.
7. are the South Pacific region’s major producers of manufactured goods.

a. Melanesia and New Zealand c. Micronesia and Polynesia
b. New Zealand and Papua d. Australia and New Zealand
New Guinea
8. Because of the dry climate, some stations (ranches) in Australia are
a. tiny. c. up to 6,000 square miles in area.
b. much smaller than ranches in d. unused in the summertime.
the United States.
9. Which of the following statements about manufacturing in Oceania is accurate?
a. It is focused on heavy industries, c. It is limited to high-tech industries
such as automobiles and steel. and electronics.
b. It is becoming increasingly d. It is centered in cities with a
focused on service industries. population of 10 million or more.
10. Air and water travel are important to this region because of
a. long distances and physical c. the abundance of roads and vehicles
obstacles to road-building. available for use.
b. the lack of cars or trucks. d. tourists’ unwillingness to rent cars
once they arrive.

Name Date Class
Section 2 Quiz

A B
1. substance that provides food for organisms that A. marsupials
make up coral reefs
2. phenomenon that could lead to flooding of many B. algae
islands in Oceania
3. location of hole in ozone layer, discovered in C. nuclear radiation
the 1970s
4. animal group that includes many endangered species D. global warming
5. cause of major illness and deaths in the
Marshall Islands E. Antarctica

(10 points each)
6. Australia has numerous unique animal species because
a. it shares borders with many c. it has been separated for a long time
other countries. from other landmasses.

b. the fish and game departments d. they thrive on the Australian climate.
are careful to protect them.
7. Some of the animal species introduced to Australia
a. have taken over the natural c. are becoming rapidly extinct.
habitats of native species.
b. have been destroyed by the d. have had little or no effect on the
native species. ecological balance of the country.
8. With what is soil conservation in Australia closely linked?
a. the development of high-tech c. the need for reduced ozone emissions
industries
b. urban growth d. reducing deforestation
9. The United States and other countries during the 1940s and 1950s.
a. prevented the testing of nuclear c. carried out aboveground nuclear
weapons in Oceania testing in New Guinea
b. carried out aboveground nuclear d. strongly objected to aboveground
testing in Oceania nuclear testing in any part of the world
10. Which statement about the hole in the ozone layer is accurate?
a. It has remained the same size c. It affects life around the world.
over the last 40 years.
b. It shrank dramatically between d. A similar hole has appeared over
1975 and 1993. Africa.

Name Date Class
Form A Test
The Region Today: Australia and Oceania

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. atmospheric layer with gases that prevent solar A. marsupial
rays from reaching Earth
B. ozone layer
2. plankton that flourish in cold ocean waters
3. dried coconut meat C. station
4. mammals whose young must mature in a
D. diatom
pouch after birth
5. an Australian ranch E. copra

6. In New Zealand, graziers

a. grow cash crops. c. raise livestock.
b. manufacture products. d. manage investments.
7. Which country is the world’s leading producer of wool?

a. New Zealand c. Papua New Guinea
b. Australia d. Tasmania
8. About of Australia’s population works in agriculture.
9. Which of the following complicates the process of mining minerals in Australia?
a. Aboriginal land rights c. extreme cold
b. flooding d. high altitudes
10. Global warming may be related to a hole in the ozone layer over
a. New Zealand. c. Australia.
b. Antarctica. d. Oceania.
11. are the South Pacific’s two leading producers of manufactured goods.
a. New Zealand and Fiji c. Australia and Fiji
b. Australia and New Zealand d. Fiji and Papua New Guinea
(continued)

Name Date Class
12. Why do Australia and New Zealand mainly manufacture goods for domestic
consumption?
a. because their products are low c. because of the dramatic population
quality growth in recent years
b. because they have poor d. because of high costs associated
relationships with foreign with importing machinery and raw
governments material
13. How are Australians trying to restore the ecological balance of their land?
a. by establishing reserves for c. by clearing woodlands to
native wildlife eliminate non-native habitats
b. by driving non-native species d. by using dingoes to hunt
into extinction non-native wildlife
14. Because Oceania’s nations are so small, service industries in most of Oceania
are limited to
a. tourism. c. insurance.
b. banking services. d. investment services.
15. Which two nations have the most developed rail and road systems in the region?
a. New Zealand and Fiji c. Australia and Fiji
b. Australia and New Zealand d. Fiji and Papua New Guinea

16. Making Inferences How has human intervention threatened Australia’s
native wildlife?

17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships What factors are causing
destruction to parts of the Great Barrier Reef?
IV. Applying Skills LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA

Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to Livestock Quantity Change from
answer the following questions on a separate sheet in 2004 2003
of paper.
Dairy cattle 3.1 million 0%
18. Which types of livestock increased in Meat cattle 24.7 million 6%
number from 2003 to 2004?
Sheep and lambs 101 million 0%
19. Which type of livestock represents the Pigs 2.5 million 0%
smallest percentage of total Australian
livestock production? Chickens for meat 62.7 million 4%
Chickens for eggs 13.2 million 4%
20. What are the two largest categories of
Australian livestock production? Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics

Name Date Class

Proper respect must be shown the fence, the 3,307 mile long appendage
of Australia’s four-billion-dollar (Australian) wool export industry. The dog
fence. . .snak[es] across the outback. . .all the way to the cotton fields of
eastern Queensland, just shy of the Pacific Ocean. It was erected to keep
out hostile invaders, to stop dingoes. . . .
—Thomas O’Neill, “Traveling Australia’s Dog Fence,” National Geographic,
April 1977
Barry Oakman, president of the Australian Dingo Conservation
Association, near Canberra, keeps wild dingoes in captivity to ensure the
breed’s survival. He said dingoes are treated as an agricultural pest and
persecuted by the livestock industry, which threatens the species.
—John Roach, “Does Extinction Loom for Australia’s Wild Dingoes?”
National Geographic News (online), December 10, 2004
21. What are dingoes, and why are they a problem for some, while others try
to protect them?
From Port Moresby, capital of Papua New Guinea, the men traveled by
plane and boat to Matong, a shore camp for loggers on New Britain. Then
lumber trucks hauled them to another camp, where the roads disap-
peared. A helicopter dropped them at a small settlement inhabited by a
hundred members of the Kol people and two families of missionaries from
the U.S. and Australia.

—Neil Shea, National Geographic, September 2006
22. What can you infer about Papua from reading this quote?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Australia and Oceania: Economic Activity

120°E 140°E 160°E 180° 160°W

30°N
CHINA Pacific
TROPIC OF CANCER Ocean HAWAII
20°N
NORTHERN
MARIANA IS.
PHILIPPINES
GUAM 160°W
10°N
MARSHALL
ISLANDS
Coconuts
Coconuts
PALAU FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA EQUATOR
0° Coconuts
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA NAURU K I R I BATI
SAMOA 140°W
INDONESIA TOKELAU
Coconuts TUVALU
10°S SOLOMON
ISLANDS WALLIS & AMERICAN FRENCH
VANUATU SAMOA POLYNESIA
FUTUNA IS. COOK
Coral Coconuts
ISLANDS Coconuts
20°S
Cattle Sheep Sea NEW Sugarcane FIJI TONGA
Sugarcane CALEDONIA ISLANDS Coconuts
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN PITCAIRN I.
Cattle Sheep NIUE
Sheep
A U S T R A L I A Brisbane
Fruit N
Sheep
30°S
Perth N

Wheat Newcastle 0 mi. 1,500
Wheat
Sydney
Adelaide Canberra 0 km 1,500
Resources NEW Auckland Miller Cylindrical projection
Melbourne ZEALAND
40°S Fruit
Petroleum Tasman Wellington
Uranium Sea Christchurch Sheep
Coal Dunedin
50°S
Iron ore
N
Lead Land Use
Commercial farming
Manganese Subsistence farming
N Nickel Livestock raising
60°S
Zinc Forests
Gold Manufacturing and trade
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE Commercial fishing
Silver Little or no activity
23. What is the major cash crop in the South Pacific islands?
24. Which countries in the region have significant mineral deposits?
25. Locate Australia’s uranium resources. Explain why a land rights issue
could prevent these deposits from being mined.

Name Date Class
Form B Test
The Region Today: Australia and Oceania

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. country with 20 times more livestock than people A. Antarctica
2. site of a 1954 nuclear device test B. Australia
3. leading exporter of diamonds, gold, bauxite,
C. New Zealand
opals, and iron ore
4. major crops include sugarcane, copra, and ginger D. Fiji
5. hole in ozone layer discovered here in the 1970s E. Marshall Islands

6. Australia is currently a member of the trade organization called the

a. North American Free Trade c. Asia-Pacific Economic
Agreement (NAFTA). Cooperation forum (APEC).
b. Central American Free Trade d. Association of Southeast Asian
Agreement (CAFTA). Nations (ASEAN).

7. New Zealand and Papua New Guinea have
a. huge manufacturing industries. c. valuable timber resources.
b. lush, tropical climates that produce d. limited timber resources and
many kinds of tropical fruit. poor soil.
8. The term food web refers to the interlinking chains of
a. agricultural and manufacturing c. predators and their food sources.
industries.
b. urban and rural development. d. farming methods and weather patterns.
9. Which country planned to perform nuclear testing on a Polynesian atoll in the

1990s?
a. New Zealand c. France
b. Australia d. the United States
10. During the 1900s, Australia and New Zealand traded mainly with
a. Japan and China. c. France and Belgium.
b. the United Kingdom and the d. Spain and Italy.
United States.
(continued)

Name Date Class
11. Australia and New Zealand must import

a. machinery and raw materials to c. large amounts of salt water for
set up export manufacturing. salt-processing plants.
b. animals for their food-processing d. wheat and other staple grains.
industries.
12. More than 50 percent of New Zealand’s land is used for
a. hydroelectric power. c. ranching.
b. agriculture. d. mining.
13. The country of Nauru has recently become involved in international ,
an uncommon activity in Oceania.
a. banking c. tourism
b. insurance d. legal
14. Many people in Oceania grow food for themselves through farming.
a. corporate c. export
b. agribusiness d. subsistence
15. Australians are concerned about the effect of
a. the rapid decrease in the c. the rapid increase in the
populations of introduced species. populations of native species.
b. native species on introduced d. introduced species on native
species. species.


16. Making Inferences Why do you think it is important to save the Great
Barrier Reef?
17. Determining Cause and Effect How are people and the environment
affected by the reduction in the ozone layer?
IV. Applying Skills LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN AUSTRALIA

Reading a Chart Use the chart on the right to Livestock Quantity Change from
answer the following questions on a separate in 2004 2003
sheet of paper.
Dairy cattle 3.1 million 0%
18. Which types of livestock did not show an
Meat cattle 24.7 million 6%
increase or decrease in number from
2003 to 2004? Sheep and lambs 101 million 0%
19. Which type of livestock represents the Pigs 2.5 million 0%

largest percentage of total Australian Chickens for meat 62.7 million 4%
livestock production? Chickens for eggs 13.2 million 4%
20. What are the two smallest categories of Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics
Australian livestock production?

Name Date Class

From Port Moresby, capital of Papua New Guinea, the men traveled by
plane and boat to Matong, a shore camp for loggers on New Britain. Then
lumber trucks hauled them to another camp, where roads disappeared. A
helicopter dropped them at a small settlement inhabited by a hundred
members of the Kol people and two families of missionaries from the U.S.
and Australia.
—Neil Shea, “Ranging Danger,” National Geographic, September 2006
21. What can you infer about Papua from reading this passage?
Proper respect must be shown the fence, the 3,307 mile long appendage
of Australia’s four-billion-dollar (Australian) wool export industry. The dog
fence...snak[es] across the outback...all the way to the cotton fields of
eastern Queensland, just shy of the Pacific Ocean. It was erected to keep
out hostile invaders, to stop dingoes....
—Thomas O’Neill, “Traveling Australia’s Dog Fence,” National Geographic,
April 1977
Barry Oakman, president of the Australian Dingo Conservation Association,

near Canberra, keeps wild dingoes in captivity to ensure the breed’s survival.
He said dingoes are treated as an agricultural pest and persecuted by the
livestock industry, which threatens the species.
—John Roach, National Geographic News, 2004

22. What are dingoes, and why are they a problem for some, while others
try to protect them?
(continued)

Name Date Class
Australia and Oceania: Economic Activity

120°E 140°E 160°E 180° 160°W

30°N
CHINA Pacific
TROPIC OF CANCER Ocean HAWAII
20°N
NORTHERN
MARIANA IS.
PHILIPPINES
GUAM 160°W
10°N
MARSHALL
ISLANDS
Coconuts
Coconuts
PALAU FEDERATED STATES
OF MICRONESIA EQUATOR
0° Coconuts
PAPUA
NEW GUINEA NAURU KIRIBATI
SAMOA 140°W
INDONESIA TOKELAU
Coconuts
10°S SOLOMON TUVALU
ISLANDS WALLIS & AMERICAN FRENCH
VANUATU SAMOA POLYNESIA
FUTUNA IS. COOK
Coral Coconuts
ISLANDS Coconuts
Cattle Sheep Sea NEW TONGA
20°S Sugarcane FIJI
Sugarcane CALEDONIA ISLANDS Coconuts
TROPIC OF CAPRICORN PITCAIRN I.
Cattle Sheep NIUE
Sheep
A U S T R A L I A Brisbane
Fruit N
Sheep
30°S
Perth N

Wheat Newcastle 0 mi. 1,500
Wheat
Canberra Sydney
Adelaide 0 km 1,500
Resources NEW Auckland Miller Cylindrical projection
Melbourne ZEALAND
40°S Petroleum Fruit
Tasman Wellington
Uranium Sea Christchurch
Sheep
Coal Dunedin
50°S Iron ore
N Land Use
Lead
Commercial farming
Manganese Subsistence farming
N Nickel Livestock raising
60°S
Zinc Forests
Gold Manufacturing and trade
ANTARCTIC CIRCLE Commercial fishing
Silver Little or no activity
23. What is the major cash crop in the South Pacific islands?
24. Which countries in the region have significant mineral deposits?
25. Locate Australia’s uranium resources. Explain why a land rights issue
could prevent these deposits from being mined.

Name Date Class
Form A Test

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. low ring-shaped island formed by volcanic action A. Strine
2. idea that wandering spirits created land features B. copra
and humans
C. atoll
3. dried coconut meat
4. form of English spoken in Australia D. Tahiti
5. island in Polynesia E. Dreamtime

6. What is a clan?
a. an unrelated group of people c. a family group that has little
who are nomads in Oceania significance in Oceania
b. a family group that is important d. a huge, extended family that left
to cultures in Oceania Oceania in the 1600s

7. Water from artesian wells
a. is too salty for humans and crops. c. is never salty.
b. falls from the sky. d. is used to irrigate crops.
8. Many Australians are concerned about the effect of

a. the rapid decrease in the c. the rapid increase in the populations
populations of introduced species. of native species.
b. native species on introduced d. introduced species on native species.
species.
9. Restrictions were placed on mining in Antarctica in
a. 1971. b. 1981. c. 1991. d. 2001.
10. European countries traded in the region

a. and then disappeared without c. and requested permission to establish
a trace. colonies.
b. and established colonial d. decided that the region had no
governments there. economic future.
11. Australia’s Great Western Plateau does NOT include the
a. Great Sandy Desert. c. Gibson Desert.
b. Great Victoria Desert. d. Great Barrier Reef.
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 11, Form A Test
12. Pidgin English is a combination of

a. English and French. c. Strine and English.
b. Aborigine and Latin. d. English and indigenous languages.
13. The first settlers of the South Pacific came

a. from Africa. c. from Asia.
b. in boats from Europe. d. over the land bridge from North
America in the last Ice Age.
14. Antarctica is Earth’s largest continent.
a. fourth c. sixth
b. fifth d. seventh
15. A trust territory is a place that is designated

a. as being independent and c. by the World Bank to have an
self-governing. excellent credit rating.
b. by the United Nations to be d. to be a wildlife sanctuary in which
temporarily controlled by all animals are protected.
another country.
III. Critical Thinking Questions GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC

Australia
questions on a separate sheet of paper. • continent, generally flat
16. Drawing Conclusions What forms • Great Dividing Range—mountains and rivers
of transportation would be most • Western Plateau (Outback)—deserts

• Central Lowlands—dry grasslands and desert
important in Oceania? Why?
• Great Barrier Reef—enormous series of coral reefs
17. Identifying Cause-and-Effect New Zealand
Relationships How has pollution • two main islands: North and South
affected the Great Barrier Reef? North—central plateau of volcanic stone, lakes,
forests, active volcanoes
South—towering snowy peaks, fertile lowlands
IV. Applying Skills along eastern coast
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the Oceania
right to answer the following questions • thousands of islands over millions of square miles
on a separate sheet of paper. • high islands formed by volcanoes
• low islands formed by buildup of coral reefs on
18. Which area is divided into two
the rim of submerged volcanoes
main islands? • continental islands formed by rising and folding
19. Where is the Western Plateau? of ancient rock
What is another name for it? Antarctica
• lies beneath a massive ice cap
20. Which area is made up of • Transantarctic Mountains—extend northward
many islands? across Antarctica
• Antarctic Peninsula
• high, ice-covered plateau east of the mountains
• western part—landmass largely below sea level,
including underwater volcanic islands

Name Date Class
Form B Test

I. Using Key Terms
A B
1. largest country in the South Pacific A. Sydney
2. famous natural wonder in Australia B. typhoon
3. large city in Australia C. lagoon
4. shallow pool of clear water D. Australia
5. violent storm in the Pacific Ocean E. Great Barrier Reef

6. Melanesia includes which of the following?

a. Fiji, Australia, and New Zealand c. Papua New Guinea and the
Solomon Islands
b. Micronesia and Polynesia d. Tahiti and the Marshall Islands
7. Continental islands are formed by

a. coral reefs. c. volcanic ash.
b. ancient rock. d. shells.
8. The Murray-Darling River Basin supplies water for agriculture in

a. Australia’s outback. c. southeast Australia.
b. Australia’s Nullarbor Plain. d. northwest Australia.
9. This climate is found in most of New Zealand.

a. marine west coast c. humid subtropical
b. Mediterranean d. steppe
10. Global warming may be related to a hole in the ozone layer over
a. New Zealand. c. Australia.
b. Antarctica. d. Oceania.
11. New Zealand’s Maori people migrated from between the A.D. 900s
and 1300s.
a. Micronesia c. Europe
b. Polynesia d. Australia
(continued)

Name Date Class
Unit 11, Form B Test
12. What is a lagoon?

a. a sandy area inside an active c. a pool of water within an atoll
high volcano
b. a pool of water near a mountain d. a place where the ocean meets
on a continental island a large river
13. After independence, Australia became a

a. dominion of the United States. c. colony of New Zealand.
b. trust territory of France. d. dominion of Great Britain.
14. Efforts to restore Australia’s ecological balance do NOT include

a. the creation of native wildlife c. electric fencing to keep out
reserves. nonnative animals.
b. extensive hunting and trapping d. export of native animal species.
of introduced species.
15. What is the most important economic activity in this region?

a. manufacturing c. agriculture
b. fishing d. tourism
III. Critical Thinking Questions GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC

Australia
• continent, generally flat
16. Making Inferences Human activi- • Great Dividing Range—mountains and rivers

ties in Antarctica have been restrict- • Western Plateau (outback)—deserts
ed to scientific research. Why do • Central Lowlands—dry grasslands and desert
• Great Barrier Reef—enormous series of coral reefs
you think such restrictions have
been set? New Zealand
• two main islands: North and South
17. Problem Solving What are some North—central plateau of volcanic stone, lakes,
possible solutions to raise the well- forests, active volcanoes
being of today’s Aborigines and South—towering snowy peaks, fertile lowlands
Maori? along eastern coast
Oceania
• thousands of islands over millions of square miles
IV. Applying Skills • high islands formed by volcanoes
Reading a Chart Use the chart on the • low islands formed by buildup of coral reefs on
right to answer the following questions the rim of submerged volcanoes
on a separate sheet of paper. • continental islands formed by rising and folding
of ancient rock
18. Which area is made up of
Antarctica
many islands? • lies beneath a massive ice cap
19. In which area is the Great Barrier • Transantarctic Mountains—extend northward
Reef? across Antarctica
• Antarctic Peninsula
20. Name the two distinct islands • high, ice-covered plateau east of the mountains
of New Zealand. • western part—landmass largely below sea level,
including underwater volcanic islands

Answer Key
Unit 1 Pretest pp. 1–2 17. Studying how locations are chosen for various
1. H 6. B 11. b 16. d economic activities, such as farming, mining,
2. I 7. D 12. a 17. c manufacturing, and selling, gives a geogra-
3. G 8. E 13. c 18. d pher a better understanding of the entire area.
4. C 9. J 14. d 19. a Desirable economic locations usually include
5. A 10. F 15. a 20. d plentiful resources and good transportation
routes, which are of interest to a geographer.
21. As elevation increases, temperature decreases.
Therefore, the higher the elevation, the colder 18. 60°F
a climate will be. If the elevation is very 19. 70°F
high, the climate will be cold regardless of 20. Little Rock, Arkansas
the latitude, so it is possible to have a cold
climate in a place that is in a tropical latitude 21. Since nature has helped make us (the
if that place also has a high elevation (as in United States and Canada) neighbors,
the Andes Mountains of South America). friends, partners and allies, we should strive
to keep these relationships healthy.
22. Students should understand that massive
population growth increases the need for food 22. Interviewing
and other resources and also adds to the 23. Geographers talk to people to find out how
amount of pollution and other wastes. (You they think or feel about certain places, and
may want to point out, however, that people the ways in which their beliefs and attitudes
in the developed countries use far more have affected the physical environment.
resources and create far more waste per 24. It more than tripled.
person than people in developing countries.)
25. The use of cell phones increased substan-
tially, thereby decreasing the need for fixed
Chapter 1 Section 1 Quiz p. 3 telephone lines.
1. A 6. d
2. E 7. c Chapter 1 Form B Test pp. 9–12
3. D 8. b
4. B 9. b 1. C 5. B 9. b 13. c
5. C 10. a 2. A 6. c 10. c 14. b
3. E 7. c 11. c 15. a
4. D 8. b 12. a
Chapter 1 Section 2 Quiz p. 4
16. Understanding the history of an area can
1. C 6. b help geographers determine how past events
2. E 7. d may have affected the physical landscape.
3. A 8. a The history also would tell them about the
4. D 9. a past movements of people and cultures as
5. B 10. d well as how places looked in the past.
17. Geographers use imaginary lines in the pat-
Chapter 1 Form A Test pp. 5–7 tern of a grid to divide the Earth. Longitude
1. D 5. B 9. d 13. b lines run from the North Pole to the South
2. E 6. c 10. c 14. d Pole and are stated in terms of degrees east
3. C 7. b 11. d 15. c or west of the Prime Meridian, the 0° line
4. A 8. d 12. b of longitude that runs through Greenwich,
16. Possible answers: Accurate mapping can England. The Equator is the 0° line of latitude
help people establish clear borders between that is halfway between the Poles. The grid
nations and other political entities; can give is formed by the intersecting latitude and
valuable information to people who work longitude lines and can be used to name
in many fields, such as urban planners, the exact location of any place on the Earth.
miners, and sailors; and can help people 18. 10°F
who are traveling find their way.

19. 40° to 50°F 17. Weathering is the process that breaks down
20. Albuquerque, New Mexico rocks on the Earth’s surface into smaller
pieces. Erosion is the wearing away of the
21. Since nature has helped make us (the Earth’s surface by wind, glaciers, and mov-
United States and Canada) neighbors, ing waters.
friends, partners and allies, we should strive
to keep these relationships healthy. 18. crust
22. 63 19. inner core
23. cell phone subscribers 20. mantle
24. Michigan is located near the northern border 21. declining or irregular water resources
of the United States and is bordered by Lake 22. wind and soil erosion
Huron to the east and Lake Michigan to the 23. C 25. C
west. It sits just north of Indiana and Ohio. 24. B
25. Florida is in a “senior” region, a place where
many older people live, and the culture is Chapter 2 Form B Test pp. 21–24
organized around their needs. 1. D 5. E 9. d 13. c
Student answers will vary depending on the chosen 2. C 6. a 10. c 14. a
region but should reflect an understanding of the 3. A 7. c 11. d 15. b
term “perceptual region.” 4. B 8. b 12. a
16. the shore of the Dead Sea; Southwest Asia
Chapter 2 Section 1 Quiz p. 13 17. Terrestrial planets have solid, rocky crusts.
1. C 6. d Gas giant planets are more gaseous and less
2. A 7. c dense than terrestrial planets; they also are
3. D 8. b larger in diameter. Each gas giant planet is
4. E 9. c like a miniature solar system, with orbiting
5. B 10. b moons and thin, encircling rings.
18. inner core
19. mantle
1. E 6. c
20. crust
2. D 7. a
3. A 8. c 21. Wind and water erosion wore away at the
4. B 9. c land, allowing the ocean to move farther
5. C 10. b and farther inland toward the lighthouse.
22. Mt. Everest
Chapter 2 Section 3 Quiz p. 15 23. Mars and Venus
1. D 6. b 24. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
2. B 7. a
3. A 8. c 25. terrestrial planets
4. C 9. b
5. E 10. c Chapter 3 Section 1 Quiz p. 25
1. A 6. c
Chapter 2 Form A Test pp. 17–20 2. C 7. a
1. C 5. D 9. b 13. b 3. B 8. d
2. E 6. c 10. b 14. a 4. E 9. b
3. B 7. d 11. c 15. d 5. D 10. d
4. A 8. d 12. b
16. Some examples of forces that may have con- Chapter 3 Section 2 Quiz p. 26
tributed to the many differences in the
1. D 6. c
Earth’s surface would be colliding and
2. C 7. a
spreading plates, folds, and faults; wind, and
3. E 8. d
glacial and water erosion.
4. B 9. b
5. A 10. a

Chapter 3 Section 3 Quiz p. 27 25. No. Places on the Equator have about 12
1. C 6. b hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness
2. E 7. d all year long.
3. D 8. a Chapter 3 Form B Test pp. 33–36
4. B 9. c 1. E 5. C 9. a 13. b
5. A 10. b 2. D 6. b 10. a 14. a
3. A 7. c 11. d 15. b
Chapter 3 Form A Test pp. 29–32 4. B 8. c 12. c
1. C 5. B 9. b 13. b 16. The direction of prevailing winds is deter-
2. E 6. d 10. d 14. d mined by their latitude and the Earth’s
3. D 7. a 11. d 15. a movement. Since the Earth rotates to the
4. A 8. c 12. b east, the prevailing winds are displaced
clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and
16. Whether the climate in a particular region is
counterclockwise in the Southern
cool and wet or hot and dry is determined
Hemisphere. As a result, the winds blow
by many factors, the most important of
diagonally.
which is the Earth’s position in relation to
the sun. 17. High latitudes include both polar areas from
the North Pole to the Arctic Circle and the
17. Students may suggest that the main thing
South Pole to the Antarctic Circle. The mid-
we can do to combat the greenhouse effect
latitudes are between the Tropic of Cancer
is to reduce the amount of things we use
and the Arctic Circle in the Northern
that emit CO 2 such as burning coal, running
Hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn
automobiles, using gas and oil for heating,
and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern
and burning large areas of forests. Another
Hemisphere. The low latitudes are between
thing we can do is to preserve forest areas
the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and
that use up CO 2 and produce more oxygen.
include the Equator.
18. Mediterranean
18. humid continental
19. marine west coast
19. Mediterranean
20. Humid continental; areas in this climate
20. Students may relate their answers to the
region do not have the moderating effects
temperature, rainfall, and type of vegetation
of the oceans. Inland, or continental, areas
of the chosen climate zone.
experience colder winters the farther north
one travels. 21. The sun’s heat and light are the principal
influence on Earth’s living creatures
21. El Niño
and climates.
22. The diagram shows that the windward side
Student answers will vary but should reflect an
(Seattle) gets more rain than the leeward
understanding of how Earth-sun relationships affect
side (Spokane). This is because of the rain
climate and life on Earth.
shadow effect, in which air rises up the
mountains that separate the two cities and is 22. the Earth’s axis
cooled. At cooler temperatures, it can hold 23. The Earth’s tilt causes some parts of the
less moisture, so precipitation occurs. By Earth to be closer to the sun than others.
the time the air reaches the Spokane side For example, in this diagram the left side of
of the mountains, it has left most of its the Earth is closer to the sun than is the
moisture on Seattle and the windward side right side. Places that are closer to the sun
of the mountains. receive more direct sunlight and are there-
Student answers will vary but should reflect an fore warmer.
understanding of the rain shadow effect. Student answers will vary but should reflect an
23. 15 understanding of tilt’s effect on sunlight and
temperature.
24. At the time of the summer solstice, Earth’s
North Pole is tilted toward the sun. As a 24. tropical forest
result, places farther north on Earth receive 25. Mexico City, Cairo; possibly Tashkent, Lima,
more sunlight than places farther south on Los Angeles
Earth.

Chapter 4 Section 1 Quiz p. 37 24. Economic activities reflect the ways that
1. E 6. b people in a culture make a living.
2. A 7. d 25. Afghanistan
3. B 8. b
4. C 9. a Chapter 4 Form B Test pp. 45–48
5. D 10. c
1. C 5. E 9. a 13. b
2. D 6. c 10. d 14. a
Chapter 4 Section 2 Quiz p. 38 3. B 7. c 11. b 15. b
1. C 6. a 4. A 8. b 12. c
2. B 7. d 16. An oligarchy is a government system under
3. E 8. b which a small group holds power. The group
4. D 9. a derives power from wealth, military power,
5. A 10. b social position, or a combination of these.
Communist China is an oligarchy. A democ-
Chapter 4 Section 3 Quiz p. 39 racy is any system of government in which
1. E 6. b leaders rule with the consent of the citizens
2. A 7. a and people hold the sovereign power. In rep-
3. C 8. b resentative democracies, such as the United
4. B 9. d States, people elect their lawmakers. An
5. D 10. c autocracy is any system of government in
which the power and authority belong
Chapter 4 Section 4 Quiz p. 40 to one person. An example is Saudi Arabia,
which is ruled by a king.
1. C 6. d
2. E 7. a 17. Students should choose the market economy
3. A 8. d because they would not be able to start their
4. B 9. c own businesses under a command economy.
5. D 10. b 18. about 500 million (half a billion)
19. Population figures remained level.
Chapter 4 Form A Test pp. 41–43 20. 10 billion
1. C 5. B 9. d 13. a
21. Totalitarian governments hold all the power
2. E 6. b 10. c 14. a
in the hands of a single leader who deter-
3. A 7. c 11. c 15. b
mines all government policies. Typically,
4. D 8. a 12. d
such governments suppress any and all
16. A shared language is the way in which forms of political debate. In a democracy,
people communicate with one another. there is free debate about public policy and
People may share a religion or customs, therefore many contrasting views are
but without a shared language they would expressed at a given time. President Johnson
have a greater challenge understanding one was saying that totalitarian leaders cannot
another and feeling part of a unified whole. imagine such debate being allowed so they
17. Economic activities reflect the ways that assume that all public statements come from
people in a culture make a living. the official government.
18. about 500 million (half a billion) Student answers will vary but should contain an
accurate definition of totalitarian and democratic
19. It rose sharply.
governments and an understanding that the public
20. by about 500 million (half a billion) debate of democracy would not be allowed by totali-
21. Australia tarian governments.
22. The country is dependent on foreign aid 22. In recent years, migration has been largely
and agricultural activities. People lack access between and among cities and suburbs, as
to basic necessities such as clean water and well as from rural areas to cities. People
electricity. Jobs and medical care are in short move to cities in search of jobs that rural
supply. areas cannot offer.
23. Language enables people to communicate 23. farming (subsistence farming) and grazing
and share cultural traditions. (nomadic herding)

24. petroleum and natural gas Unit 2 Pretest pp. 53–54
25. manufacturing 1. D 6. E 11. a 16. b
2. C 7. J 12. a 17. d
3. I 8. A 13. c 18. b
Unit 1 Form A Test pp. 49–50
4. B 9. F 14. a 19. d
1. B 5. C 9. c 13. c 5. H 10. G 15. b 20. c
2. A 6. d 10. b 14. d
3. D 7. a 11. c 15. c 21. Immigrants have built the cities of North
4. E 8. d 12. a America and continue to contribute their
labor. They bring with them new cultural
16. The main idea of continental drift is that there viewpoints and technical expertise, and
are massive plates that once were a single they build strong communities.
supercontinent called Pangaea. These plates
have been moving apart for millions of 22. Students should understand how the products
years, forming the continents as we know they use come from natural resources and
them. The plates are still moving and chang- create pollution; they should have some
ing the face of the Earth. knowledge of smog or other pollution.
17. Answers will vary but should demonstrate
an understanding of the principles of at least
two forms of government. 1. C 6. d
2. E 7. a
18. from the west 3. A 8. b
19. on the east or leeward side 4. D 9. d
20. The west or windward side; forests need a 5. B 10. b
good rainfall, but rain clouds are prevented
from crossing the peak and releasing rain Chapter 5 Section 2 Quiz p. 56
on the other side. 1. B 6. c
2. A 7. a
Unit 1 Form B Test pp. 51–52 3. D 8. d
1. B 5. D 9. c 13. b 4. C 9. a
2. E 6. c 10. d 14. d 5. E 10. d
3. A 7. b 11. c 15. c
4. C 8. a 12. d Chapter 5 Form A Test pp. 57– 60
16. The rotation of the Earth on its axis to the 1. E 5. A 9. d 13. c
east displaces the winds in a counterclock- 2. B 6. a 10. a 14. b
wise direction in the Southern Hemisphere 3. D 7. a 11. d 15. c
and a clockwise direction in the Northern 4. C 8. c 12. b
Hemisphere. The displacement causes winds 16. Rivers, lakes, and oceans have been used
to blow diagonally rather than in strict north- for transportation; rainfall irrigates fertile
south or east-west lines around the planet. farmland; hydroelectric power can be
17. As peoples trade with another, they influence generated from flowing rivers; abundant
one another’s ideas, arts, language, and water resources provide people with plenty
economic systems. When people migrate to of water to drink.
a new country or region, they bring with 17. During the ice ages, glaciers slowly carved
them unique aspects of their culture, which away the bedrock to make basins to hold
can influence the people already living there. water.
18. the east or leeward side 18. Barrow, Alaska
19. the west or windward side; because it gets 19. Miami, Florida; San Francisco, California
more rain
20. No; places that are located at higher latitudes
20. As prevailing winds force the clouds against have colder climates.
the mountain, the clouds must rise. As they
21. d 24. c
do so, they cool, causing the moisture in
22. c 25. c
them to condense and fall. As this precipita-
23. b
tion is released, the air becomes drier and
warmer as it descends on the leeward side
of the mountain.

Chapter 5 Form B Test pp. 61–64 17. Some immigrants came to the United States
1. A 5. B 9. d 13. b and Canada to seek political and religious
2. D 6. b 10. a 14. d freedom and to find better economic oppor-
3. C 7. d 11. b 15. b tunities. Others fled wars or natural disasters.
4. E 8. a 12. a 18. between 1849 and 1850
16. The Dust Bowl of the 1930s resulted in eco- 19. When gold was discovered in California in
nomic hardships for farmers, which were 1849, thousands of people migrated west to
made worse by the Great Depression. The seek their fortune.
result was a mass migration of people out of 20. San Francisco might have grown too quickly.
the area. There may have been a shortage of services,
17. the Appalachian Mountains, a mountain water, housing, and police.
range running from Georgia to Ontario; the 21. c 24. a
Rocky Mountains, running from Alberta to 22. c 25. d
New Mexico; the Great Lakes, bordered 23. d
on the north by Canada and on the south
by the United States; and the Great Plains,
in the north central portion of the United Chapter 6 Form B Test pp. 71–74
States and the south central region of Canada 1. A 5. E 9. c 13. a
18. Albuquerque, New Mexico; Miami, Florida 2. B 6. a 10. a 14. c
19. 19°F; January (winter) 3. D 7. a 11. a 15. b
4. C 8. a 12. d
20. No; these temperatures are normal for
a tropical climate. 16. In a country with so many different languages
and diverse cultures, prejudice against ethnic
21. c 24. a groups was likely. The Bill of Rights was
22. b 25. d written to protect the rights of people who
23. Superior otherwise might be treated unfairly.
17. The warm climate of the South and its large
Chapter 6 Section 1 Quiz p. 65 tracts of fertile farmland made it a perfect
1. A 6. b location for plantation farming. Before
2. C 7. c machines, great numbers of cheap or free
3. B 8. c farm laborers were needed to make these
4. E 9. a huge farms successful. Southern farmers
5. D 10. b found that the cheapest solution was to put
enslaved Africans to work.
Chapter 6 Section 2 Quiz p. 66 18. The population of San Francisco increased
1. C 6. b dramatically in just two years.
2. D 7. a 19. Gold and silver mines promised wealth
3. A 8. b to immigrants.
4. E 9. c
5. B 10. c 20. People live where there are abundant
natural resources. Natural resources provide
wealth and needed materials for a high
Chapter 6 Form A Test pp. 67–70 standard of living.
1. B 5. C 9. b 13. b
21. water power, the falls of the
2. A 6. b 10. b 14. c
Merrimack River
3. D 7. a 11. d 15. a
4. E 8. a 12. c Student answers may vary but should say that the
16. These areas are the subarctic region of power came from the water.
Alaska, the parched Great Basin, and parts 22. C
of the arid or semi-arid Great Plains. These
23. A
areas owe their sparse populations to diffi-
cult climate conditions. 24. California
25. The Louisiana Purchase

Chapter 7 Section 1 Quiz p. 75 Chapter 7 Form B Test pp. 81–84
1. D 6. b 1. E 5. B 9. d 13. c
2. B 7. a 2. D 6. c 10. a 14. c
3. A 8. d 3. A 7. d 11. d 15. a
4. C 9. a 4. C 8. b 12. d
5. E 10. d 16. Heavy industries, such as automobile manu-
facturing, have become increasingly auto-
Chapter 7 Section 2 Quiz p. 76 mated. High-tech industries, such as
1. D 6. b computer and Internet companies, now
2. B 7. b employ more people.
3. C 8. c 17. The United States and Canada signed the
4. E 9. a Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement to
5. A 10. d combat water pollution in the Great Lakes
region. The Clean Water Act helped restore
the quality of U.S. waters.
Chapter 7 Form A Test pp. 77–80
18. vehicles
1. D 5. C 9. c 13. b
2. B 6. d 10. a 19. export
3. A 7. a 11. d 20. Many Americans drive large cars and use
4. E 8. b 12. c large amounts of petroleum. If the United
14. The acid rain comes from air pollution States does not have sufficient petroleum
caused by factories, cars, power plants, and resources, petroleum products must be
refineries in the Midwest. Winds blowing imported.
eastward carry the pollution. There is not as 21. high-tech
much of this kind of pollution in the Great 22. It refers to the shift from farming to manu-
Plains and on the West Coast, and none in facturing and service industries and from
the Pacific Ocean, to be blown eastward. rural to urban living.
Student answers will vary but should somehow make 23. to protect water quality
this point.
24. newspapers
15. The United States and Canada signed the 25. postal service
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement to
combat water pollution in the Great Lakes
region. The Clean Water Act helped restore
the quality of U.S. waters. 1. D 5. C 9. a 13. a
2. E 6. a 10. d 14. a
16. airplanes; chemicals, plastics; iron and steel 3. B 7. a 11. b 15. d
mill products; petroleum preparation; scientific 4. A 8. d 12. b
instruments; televisions, VCRs, etc; vehicles
16. Students should understand that the effects
17. import of global warming include the thinning of
18. The United States has many high-tech sea ice and melting of permafrost in Arctic
industries, and other countries need this regions. People might prevent this through
technology. government controls on pollution and indi-
19. During the last portion of the 1900s, the vidual environmental consciousness.
switch from heavy industry and traditional 17. As examples, students may describe the
manufacturing to service industries left cities tropical regions of southern Florida, Hawaii,
in the east and near the Great Lakes without or Puerto Rico as having tropical plants,
major economic bases. everglades; the marine west coast regions of
20. post-industrial 23. postal service the Pacific Coast, with evergreen coniferous
forests; the subtropical region of the south-
21. retooling 24. c ern and eastern United States, with decidu-
22. newspapers 25. d ous forests, hot and muggy summers
18. 1565

19. 15.4 million immigrants mainly from western Unit 3 Pretest pp. 89–90
and northern Europe 1. D 6. J 11. c 16. a
20. In colonial times America was open to any- 2. E 7. I 12. d 17. c
one who arrived. In 1882, Chinese laborers 3. F 8. C 13. d 18. a
were barred entry, and then a series of laws 4. B 9. H 14. c 19. b
restricted immigrants from countries other 5. A 10. G 15. a 20. a
than those in northern and western Europe. 21. The rivers can be used for transportation,
Since 1965 immigration policies have been for hydroelectricity, to expand settlement
less prejudiced, but they still control the into the interior, as a source of food, and
number of immigrants. for irrigation.
22. They have the Spanish language in common.
Unit 2 Form B Test pp. 87–88 Answers may include: Spanish-speaking
1. C 5. B 9. a 13. d people from Europe colonized much of
2. A 6. a 10. c 14. b the region and established Spanish as the
3. E 7. d 11. c 15. a language for most Latin American countries;
4. D 8. c 12. b or the Roman Catholic religion—Spanish-
16. Answers may include the following: similarities speaking European colonizers were all
—rich resources, high standard of living, both Roman Catholics, and they worked hard
democracies, most of Canada is English-speak- to convert anyone who was not.
ing; differences—unlike the United States,
Canada has a trade surplus, overall cold Chapter 8 Section 1 Quiz p. 91
weather, provinces instead of states, a stronger 1. C 6. a
tie to England, a French-speaking province, 2. A 7. a
and federal health care; and Canada has a 3. E 8. a
lower population density. 4. B 9. c
17. Americans of the late 1700s were primarily 5. D 10. d
farmers and fishermen, and the United States
grew into a great agricultural nation. In the Chapter 8 Section 2 Quiz p. 92
1800s successful mineral mining and an influx 1. B 6. b
of immigrants helped the northern states 2. C 7. c
develop industries and heavy manufacturing. 3. E 8. d
In recent years these industries have become 4. A 9. b
automated, and more people are working in 5. D 10. a
the service sector.
18. Land purchases and the expansion of territory Chapter 8 Form A Test pp. 93–95
allowed for unrestricted immigration; people
1. C 5. A 9. a 13. b
probably worried that Chinese laborers, who
2. D 6. c 10. c 14. d
had worked so tirelessly and at such low
3. E 7. a 11. a 15. d
wages to build the railroads, now would
4. B 8. d 12. c
steal their jobs. In general, there was racial
prejudice and fear of losing employment. 16. Rivers provide transportation for people
19. 18.2 million immigrants largely from eastern and goods, increasing trade and boosting
and southern Europe the economy. Many of the rivers provide
20. There are more people who want to the source for hydroelectric power, which
immigrate than the government feels it can can be used for many purposes, including
allow because the population of the United industrialization. The river systems increase
States is growing so rapidly. Although the the ability of people to work and live in
government wants to limit illegal immigra- inland areas, away from the overcrowded
tion, recent legislation contains expanded coastal cities.
antidiscrimination policies. 17. The tierra fría is a cold equatorial region
between 6,000 and 12,000 feet (1,800 and
3,600m) and is characterized by frosts in the
winter and relatively sparse vegetation.
Crops include potatoes and barley. The
tierra caliente is the area between sea level

and 2,500 feet (750m) and is hot and rainy Chapter 9 Section 1 Quiz p. 101
with dense vegetation. Crops include 1. C 6. a
bananas, sugarcane, rice, and cacao. 2. B 7. c
18. Dominica 3. E 8. b
19. Grenada, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, 4. A 9. d
St. Lucia, Dominica 5. D 10. c
20. The coastline of St. Vincent and the
Grenadines is about half the length of
St. Lucia’s coastline. Chapter 9 Section 2 Quiz p. 102
1. E 6. b
21. Nicaragua
2. A 7. c
22. 2009 3. C 8. a
23. Mexico and Guatemala 4. B 9. a
5. D 10. c
24. species of plants and animals.
Student answers may vary but should contain this
basic idea. Chapter 9 Section 3 Quiz p. 103
1. C 6. b
25. Morell would probably support legislation to
2. D 7. a
protect Latin American habitats because she
3. E 8. c
understands the rich variety of animals and
4. A 9. c
plants that live there.
5. B 10. a
Chapter 8 Form B Test pp. 97–99
1. D 5. A 9. c 13. c
2. C 6. b 10. b 14. c 1. E 5. B 9. a 13. b
3. B 7. b 11. a 15. c 2. D 6. c 10. c 14. d
4. E 8. b 12. b 3. A 7. b 11. b 15. b
4. C 8. d 12. c
16. Much of Latin America is located in the trop-
ics. As a result, vast areas of the region have 16. Africans first arrived in Latin America in the
some form of tropical climate with lush green 1500s as enslaved people, brought forcibly
vegetation. Elevation and prevailing wind pat- by Europeans to work sugar and other cash
terns also influence climate and vegetation in crop plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean
the region. islands.
17. Dams are needed to produce hydroelectric 17. If cities keep growing at a rapid rate, they
power from flowing rivers. The power could will have even more difficulty providing
be used to increase industrial development. enough jobs, housing, and services for all
the people who live there. There could be
18. St. Lucia large-scale health problems from lack of
19. Dominica sufficient clean water and sanitation services.
20. St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Intense overcrowding also could lead to
Dominica, St. Lucia forms of civil unrest.
21. Cloud forests provide fresh, clean, filtered 18. Mexico
water in the same way that a water tower 19. Belize
provides this resource for a building 20. Mexico
or community.
21. People migrate in order to achieve greater
22. Factors threatening cloud forests include economic success.
clearing the land for agriculture, logging,
and paving. 22. The urban populations of all six countries
increased.
23. Cloud forests provide water, are home to
many people, and include many plants and 23. Brazil
animals that have not yet been studied. 24. Peru
24. tierra templada 25. Bolivia and Ecuador
25. tierra caliente

Chapter 9 Form B Test pp. 109–112 Chapter 10 Form A Test pp. 115–118
1. C 5. B 9. b 13. d 1. E 5. D 9. a 13. c
2. E 6. d 10. d 14. b 2. C 6. a 10. c 14. b
3. D 7. a 11. b 15. d 3. B 7. b 11. d 15. d
4. A 8. b 12. b 4. A 8. b 12. b
16. After many Latin American countries 16. The consequences include the loss of habitat
achieved independence, the government and species diversity for the whole planet,
was assumed by the same local people who the loss of medicines and possible medicinal
had been in power before: a small group of plants that we do not yet know about, an
wealthy landowners, army officers, and reli- increase in the greenhouse effect and global
gious leaders. The governments often had to warming, and the loss of homes and ways
maintain control with military force, which of life for indigenous peoples.
was not much different than had been true 17. Increased mechanization means fewer and
under colonial governments. fewer jobs for workers in rural areas. Many
17. Religious practices in Latin America often workers then will be forced to move to
involve a combination of different religious already overcrowded cities, where their
traditions, a blending of beliefs and prac- prospects are not very good.
tices. For example, many Native Americans 18. They use the ash to fertilize the soil.
worship in Christian churches but also pray
19. 1 to 2 years
to traditional nature deities; and voodoo,
found in Haiti, combines Catholic devotion 20. The trees that once held the soil in place are
to the saints and West African deities. gone, but the heavy rains that are part of
the tropical wet climate keep coming. The
18. It is more than twice as large. farm crops are not enough to hold the soil
19. two in place and keep it from washing away.
20. 200 million 21. d 23. c
22. d
21. He meant that the people were struggling to
be independent of European colonial rule. 24. Telecommunications, including telephone
mainlines, cell phones, and Internet use,
22. Guatemala and Peru increased significantly between 1990 and
23. Guyana 2005.
24. less than 55 years 25. Cellular technology is less expensive and
easier to implement. Cell phone towers can
25. The life expectancy in the Dominican be more easily installed in remote areas than
Republic is 65 to 69 years as compared lines/cable for mainline telephones.
with less than 55 years in Haiti. Students
might suggest AIDS, poverty, and political
instability as reasons for the low life Chapter 10 Form B Test pp. 119–122
expectancy in Haiti. 1. C 5. B 9. a 13. d
2. E 6. b 10. c 14. a
Chapter 10 Section 1 Quiz p. 113 3. A 7. d 11. d 15. c
4. D 8. b 12. a
1. E 6. d
2. D 7. b 16. This means that while still involved in agri-
3. A 8. c culture, most Latin American countries are
4. C 9. b working toward greater use of manufacturing
5. B 10. c and technology.
17. Given time, rain forests will regenerate on
Chapter 10 Section 2 Quiz p. 114 their own but with considerable loss of bio-
1. C 6. a diversity. Laws requiring reforestation (the
2. E 7. b planting of young trees or the seeds of trees
3. B 8. c on the land that has been stripped) can
4. D 9. a help, especially if laws are rigorously
5. A 10. c enforced. Developing new methods of farm-
ing, mining, and logging and combining
conservation with responsible tourism can

protect the forests while boosting local adequate food and sanitation, and have
economies. little or no housing. The tierra fría is
18. grass for cattle to eat
sparsely populated and has limited crops
because of high altitude, a cold climate
19. slash-and-burn and harsh winters. People live in a remote
20. move on to new areas and clear more setting where life is hard, but they do not
forests face many of the problems that exist in
crowded cities.
21. slash-and-burn
18. Grenada
22. Soil nutrients created by slash-and-burn
19. Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the
farming are quickly washed away. Cleared
Grenadines, Grenada
forests do not grow back.
20. The coastline of Dominica is only 6 miles
23. d shorter than St. Lucia’s coastline.
24. Costa Rica had nearly four times the number
of Internet users that Panama did in 2005. Unit 4 Pretest pp. 127–128
25. Argentina, Chile, and Colombia 1. F 6. E 11. a 16. b
2. I 7. A 12. c 17. c
3. D 8. H 13. c 18. a
4. C 9. B 14. b 19. b
1. E 5. D 9. d 13. b 5. J 10. G 15. c 20. b
2. C 6. c 10. c 14. d
3. B 7. c 11. b 15. d 21. The Roman Empire helped spread Christianity
4. A 8. b 12. c throughout Europe. The city-state of Athens
formed the world’s first democracy. Greece
16. If there is a problem that destroys the crop, and Rome built the foundations of European
such as a natural disaster or a disease, the philosophy, mathematics, languages, govern-
country’s economy will be strongly affected. ments, and art.
17. Rapid urbanization in many cities has 22. Small countries may depend on the
resulted in a lack of resources that help stronger, more diverse economies of larger
take care of people’s sanitation, health, countries. Small countries could also rely on
education, and employment. Many people the bigger military of a larger country.
live in shantytowns or slums, suffer from However, the small size and proximity of
malnutrition, and live in highly-polluted many European countries may also make
environments. them vulnerable to the economic, environ-
18. Belize mental, or political decisions of larger coun-
tries. By giving up some economic and
19. Mexico political control smaller countries could be
20. Belize and Guatemala vulnerable to exploitation or economic
downturns in the larger countries.
Unit 3 Form B Test pp. 125–126
1. E 5. B 9. b 13. d Chapter 11 Section 1 Quiz p. 129
2. D 6. b 10. b 14. b 1. E 6. b
3. A 7. b 11. c 15. b 2. A 7. a
4. C 8. a 12. a 3. C 8. d
16. European landowners wanted self-rule; 4. B 9. c
other people wanted more rights; Native 5. D 10. b
Americans and Africans hoped for freedom
from slavery. Revolutions in France and Chapter 11 Section 2 Quiz p. 130
North America encouraged many people to 1. B 6. d
press for independence. 2. A 7. d
17. The city has densely populated areas that 3. E 8. a
include slums. Many people have serious 4. C 9. a
health problems, are unemployed, lack 5. D 10. b

Chapter 11 Form A Test pp. 131–134 23. Warm winds blow through western Europe
1. E 5. B 9. d 13. a because of the North Atlantic Current that
2. A 6. d 10. b 14. d moves along the European coast.
3. C 7. c 11. a 15. c 24. temperate grassland
4. D 8. d 12. d 25. From north to south, tundra changes to
16. Iceland has a subarctic and tundra climate; coniferous forest, then to a large area of
very cold winters and cool, short summers deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous
with little vegetation; and, in some places, forest in the middle of Europe with an area
permafrost. Southern Italy has a subtropical of temperate grassland on the east; that
climate with mild winters and hot, muggy changes to chaparral in the far south.
summers. Its vegetation includes deciduous Student answers will vary but should reflect this
trees. general idea.
17. Water has long been used for transportation
in Europe, so connecting the two major trans- Chapter 12 Section 1 Quiz p. 139
portation routes of the North Sea and the
1. B 6. b
Black Sea would increase trade, strengthen
2. A 7. d
the economy, and provide shipping access
3. D 8. b
to Mediterranean countries.
4. E 9. c
18. Mt. Blanc; about 15,700 feet (4,785 m) 5. C 10. a
19. about 4,800 feet (1,463 m)
20. Vesuvius; about 4,200 feet (1,277 m) Chapter 12 Section 2 Quiz p. 140
21. lower 1. E 6. a
2. D 7. d
22. petroleum or oil, natural gas; or natural gas, 3. B 8. a
petroleum or oil 4. C 9. a
23. zinc 5. A 10. c
24. Po
25. the Danube
1. D 6. c
2. C 7. a
Chapter 11 Form B Test pp. 135–138 3. B 8. c
1. B 5. D 9. d 13. b 4. A 9. c
2. C 6. a 10. b 14. a 5. E 10. b
3. E 7. c 11. d 15. b
4. A 8. c 12. c Chapter 12 Section 4 Quiz p. 142
16. The Rhine flows through western Europe 1. C 6. d
from the Swiss Alps though France, 2. A 7. b
Germany, and the Netherlands, connecting 3. D 8. a
many industrial cities to Rotterdam on the 4. B 9. c
North Sea. The Danube flows from 5. E 10. d
Germany’s Black Forest to the Black Sea.
Millions of tons of cargo are carried on the Chapter 12 Form A Test pp. 143–146
Danube.
1. C 5. A 9. c 13. c
17. The Gulf Stream carries warm water from the 2. B 6. a 10. a 14. a
Gulf of Mexico, heating the air, and prevail- 3. D 7. c 11. c 15. a
ing westerlies bring this warm air to western 4. E 8. b 12. d
Europe. This phenomenon does not occur in
16. The Roman Catholic church introduced
the eastern United States.
Roman ideas of government to Germanic
18. Vesuvius; about 4,200 feet (1,277 m) peoples. The Byzantines preserved Greek
19. about 200 feet (61 m) and organized ancient Roman laws. Muslims
spread knowledge of Asian cultures and
20. Mt. Blanc; about 15,700 feet (4,785 m)
made advances in mathematics, medicine,
21. d and science.
22. c

17. Some students may suggest that sharing a 24. Germany
language might destroy the rich cultural her-
25. Yugoslavia
itage of Europe. Other students may think
that because young people want to be seen
as European (rather than Italian or English, Chapter 13 Section 1 Quiz p. 151
for example), they eventually may want a 1. B 6. a
common language. 2. E 7. a
18. the Renaissance 3. D 8. d
4. C 9. a
19. 27 B.C. to A.D. 180
5. A 10. a
20. the Russian Revolution, World War I, World
War II, and the Cold War
21. c 23. Yugoslavia Chapter 13 Section 2 Quiz p. 152
22. Serbs 24. eastern Europe 1. A 6. b
25. By joining the European Union, these coun- 2. D 7. d
tries will benefit economically and politi- 3. C 8. a
cally. They will be able to move goods, 4. B 9. a
services, and workers into EU countries and 5. E 10. d
trade in the euro, the EU currency.
Student answers may vary but should reflect this Chapter 13 Form A Test pp. 153–155
general idea. 1. B 5. D 9. a 13. b
2. E 6. b 10. d 14. c
Chapter 12 Form B Test pp. 147–150 3. A 7. a 11. b 15. c
1. A 5. D 9. c 13. d 4. C 8. b 12. d
2. C 6. b 10. a 14. d 16. Europe has always had a seafaring tradition.
3. B 7. b 11. b 15. a Its rivers and canals connect many European
4. E 8. d 12. c cities and countries.
16. The main differences are due to the fall of 17. Promoting economic growth often involves the
communism. The Berlin Wall has been taken growth of manufacturing and industry. These
down, and countries that were once com- types of activities can result in air, water, and
munist now trade with western Europe. land pollution. In addition, cleaning up the
Europe’s situation is similar, however, environment requires time and money that
because countries still retain their unique some businesses do not want to spend.
cultural diversity, languages, and ethnic her-
itage. In some regions, ethnic fighting broke 18. France has more telephone main lines than
out after political unities imposed by com- any other European country listed. It has the
munism were changed. The European Union fewest cell phone subscribers. Only Finland
was formed to unite Europe into a closer has more Internet users.
economic and political body. 19. With the exception of the United States,
17. Ancestral religion is the basis of most ethnic Europeans have the most advanced systems
connections as well as many holidays, tradi- of communication.
tions, and celebrations. Ancient cathedrals 20. Bulgaria
and mosques also can be seen throughout 21. become part of the middle class
Europe. Many of the arts were once created Student answers will vary but should include this
for religious purposes. general idea.
18. 128 years 22. Romania and Bulgaria became members in
19. from A.D. 570 to A.D. 632 2007. Turkey had applied to join, but was
not yet a member.
20. 40 years
23. Students should pick three of the following:
21. industrial capitalism Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia,
Montenegro, or Albania.
22. Spain’s cultural diversity is a result of the
different groups and nations that have
invaded it throughout history.
23. Cold War; communist

24. Iceland and Norway smoothed by glaciers, fjords along eastern
25. 27 coast, marine west coast climate.
18. Bartolomeu Dias (Portugal) sailed around
Chapter 13 Form B Test pp. 157–159 the Cape of Good Hope.
1. C 5. A 9. d 13. a 19. 21 years
2. B 6. b 10. a 14. a
20. The chart gives information about journeys
3. D 7. c 11. c 15. a
of discovery beyond Europe—to the west, to
4. E 8. b 12. d
the south, and to the east.
16. If eastern Europeans do not enforce stricter
environmental laws, their natural resources
would continue to diminish, and illness and
an overall lower life expectancy probably 1. C 5. A 9. b 13. b
would continue. 2. E 6. a 10. d 14. c
3. D 7. b 11. b 15. c
17. Yes; it is a problem caused by many 4. B 8. a 12. d
countries. One country acting alone will not
be able to slow the use of fossil fuels 16. As eastern European countries clean up their
enough to impact global warming. environmental problems, air quality, water
quality in the Mediterranean Sea, and other
18. No.
aspects of the shared European environment
19. 15; 12 should improve. Eastern Europe also has
20. Students may suggest that Turkey has been resources that are useful to western Europe
unable to meet the strict EU standards on as well as a market for western European
trade, banking, business law, environmental goods. In general, a shared economy will
standards, or human rights. give all the smaller economies more power
in the global economy.
21. command
17. Historically, the people of Europe have
22. The rapid industrialization in Czechoslovakia
in the 1950s created a pollution crisis that shared influences from the ancient civiliza-
affected the air, water, land, and people. tions of Greece and Rome and shared tradi-
tions that relate to widespread Christianity.
23. Gotthard Cultural differences include different
24. 31 miles languages. Also, long-held ethnic tensions
25. 1934
have caused violent conflicts in the former
Yugoslavia.
Unit 4 Form A Test pp. 161–162 18. Spain; he was the first European to sight the
eastern edge of the Pacific Ocean
1. D 5. A 9. b 13. b
2. B 6. b 10. a 14. a 19. Juan Sebastián de Elcano
3. E 7. d 11. d 15. d 20. Fernão Mendes Pinto, who traveled to Japan
4. C 8. d 12. c in 1542
16. In some regions ethnic disputes have lasted
for generations. People who share home- Unit 5 Pretest pp. 165–166
lands have passionate feelings about their
1. E 6. H 11. c 16. c
rights to land and resources, and their right
2. D 7. F 12. c 17. a
to make political decisions.
3. C 8. A 13. b 18. d
17. Italian Peninsula: Mediterranean and 4. J 9. I 14. b 19. b
subtropical climates, the Apennine 5. B 10. G 15. a 20. c
Mountains run the length of the peninsula.
21. Students should suggest that the Soviet
Scandinavian Peninsula: many fjords cut by
government was an unreliable source of
glaciers, tundra and subarctic climates, long
information because it would not allow any-
and cold winters. Iberian Peninsula:
thing to be published that was critical of the
Mediterranean climate, Pyrenees Mountains
government or its policies. The government
at northern boundary of Spain. Balkan
also did not allow foreign sources of news
Peninsula: humid continental climate, long
and information into the country or kept
and snowy winters. Jutland Peninsula: land
such news very restricted.

22. Art can be used in the form of posters, 23. the Arctic Ocean
murals, and other public images that have a 24. It is farther south and it receives warm mon-
historical or political message. It also can be soon winds from the southeast.
used to project images urging people to sup-
port government programs or to feel patriotic 25. Canada and Russia are located at more
toward the government and the country. northern latitudes than France or the United
States. At these northern latitudes, forests are
more likely to thrive than are croplands.
1. C 6. d Chapter 14 Form B Test pp. 173–176
2. A 7. b
1. D 5. B 9. c 13. a
3. E 8. c
2. E 6. d 10. a 14. d
4. D 9. a
3. A 7. a 11. d 15. b
5. B 10. b
4. C 8. a 12. c
16. The Volga River, the longest river in Europe,
connects Moscow to the Caspian Sea, and
1. E 6. a through canal systems, to the Black Sea and
2. B 7. d northern Europe. The river is used for
3. D 8. b hydroelectric power, drinking water, and
4. C 9. d water for farms. It also is an important trans-
5. A 10. c portation route, one that is unfrozen at least
half the year.
Chapter 14 Form A Test pp. 169–172 17. Both plains are very flat, have poor
1. D 5. B 9. d 13. b drainage, and contain many swamps.
2. C 6. a 10. b 14. a 18. subarctic
3. E 7. c 11. b 15. a
19. steppe
4. A 8. a 12. d
20. humid continental, because it is more
16. Although Russia holds an abundance of nat-
mild/temperate and supports most crops.
ural resources, much of this wealth lies in
remote and climatically unfavorable areas 21. Both suffered badly in the severe
and is difficult to tap or utilize. Russian winter.
17. Sturgeon produce caviar, a delicacy in many 22. Russia’s land is huge and overwhelming. It
parts of the world. They are protected includes such extremes as permanently
because they have been overfished and are frozen ground, bitter winters of endless dark-
having trouble migrating because of the ness, muddy swamps, rolling grasslands with
damming of the Volga River. If they continue rich soil, rugged mountains, and volcanoes.
to be fished illegally, their populations may Student answers may vary but should link Russia’s
dwindle down to very few or none. large size and dramatic climate to the magnificence
18. steppe; between the Black and Caspian Seas, mentioned in the quotation.
or along Russia’s border with Kazakhstan 23. They must work hard to stay warm, through
19. subarctic heating sources and layers of clothing. They
must keep their food/water supplies and
20. tundra
homes at a livable and usable temperature.
21. Moscow is located in a humid continental Businesses and industries must create prod-
climate zone, where cold winters alternate ucts, from buildings to machines to vehicles
with cool summers. Because the city is that will withstand the cold temperatures.
located at about 55° N latitude, the winters Russians everywhere must endure trans-
are very long and dark while the summers portation delays caused by severe weather
are quite short. or frozen ports.
Student answers will vary but should reflect an Student answers will vary but should reflect under-
understanding of basic features in a humid standing of the challenges in the Russian climate,
continental climate zone, as affected by Moscow’s both for individuals and for businesses.
northern latitude.
24. Chernozem is a rich black soil that supports
22. Yenisey-Angara the production of many different crops.

25. That is where conditions support agriculture Chapter 15 Form B Test pp. 183–186
and where a good part of the nation’s natu- 1. D 5. B 9. b 13. b
ral resources are located. 2. E 6. d 10. c 14. d
3. C 7. c 11. a 15. b
Chapter 15 Section 1 Quiz p. 177 4. A 8. d 12. b
1. A 6. b 16. The persecution meant that Jewish people
2. D 7. b could not own land and had to live in
3. C 8. c restricted areas. Under the Soviet Union,
4. E 9. d Jews were not allowed to practice their reli-
5. B 10. a gion. In both cases many Jewish people
were killed or imprisoned, causing others
Chapter 15 Section 2 Quiz p. 178 to leave the country.
1. A 6. c 17. The Soviet government believed that the
2. C 7. b arts had only one purpose: to support the
3. D 8. a state and glorify the achievements of Soviet
4. E 9. b communism.
5. B 10. d 18. Kalmykia and Buryatia
19. between 400,000 and 700,000
1. E 5. B 9. d 13. b 20. That part of Russia lies closest to the lands
2. D 6. b 10. c 14. a in which Islam has been most influential.
3. A 7. a 11. d 21. Russia
4. C 8. b 12. b
22. It is nearly three times higher.
15. During the 1800s educated Russians, inspired
by the American and French revolutions, 23. 8.2%
sought a greater openness in their own 24. The Bolsheviks wanted to create a commu-
society. The czarist government made a few nist society that would be led by workers.
reforms but also imposed cultural standards
and persecuted minorities. Unhappiness over
czarist rule, the conditions under which most
Russians labored, and limitations imposed 1. C 6. b
upon personal freedoms made the socialist 2. E 7. d
ideas of Karl Marx attractive and, when the 3. A 8. a
government continued to refuse reform, led 4. D 9. b
to revolt. 5. B 10. a
16. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, reli-
gious groups that had been persecuted under Chapter 16 Section 2 Quiz p. 188
Soviet rule have reemerged; in particular, the 1. B 6. c
Russian Orthodox Church has enjoyed a 2. D 7. b
resurgence. 3. C 8. c
17. in the southern regions 4. E 9. d
18. Russian Orthodox Christianity 5. A 10. c
19. to escape persecution
20. As the Tatar population increases and Chapter 16 Form A Test pp. 189–192
becomes much larger than that of ethnic
1. B 5. C 9. b 13. a
Russians, Tatars would probably demand
2. E 6. c 10. a 14. d
more autonomy.
3. A 7. b 11. d 15. b
21. 1900 4. D 8. a 12. a
22. 25 years 16. They do not produce enough food for the
23. 8.2% Russian people.
24. Jews have been persecuted in Russia since 17. It is hard for many people to adjust to the
czarist times. changes and demands of a market economy.
Under the command economy, everything

was decided by the government; people did 20. Yeltsin removed 90 percent of the price
not have opportunities to conduct their own controls.
business. Also, widespread corruption has 21. It rose dramatically.
made it hard for people to conduct business,
and many financial resources that could 22. They soared. People could not afford to buy
have helped rebuild the country have been those goods that were available.
siphoned off illegally. Furthermore, privati- 23. 1998
zation tends to favor people who already
are wealthy or who are foreign investors, 24. When the ruble fell, neither individual
many of whom invest their profits outside Russians nor the Russian government had
the country. much purchasing power. Each ruble was
worth less, so it took more to buy some-
18. command and market thing or make the nation’s debt payments.
19. command; by supply and demand As a result, other nations had to loan Russia
20. In the command economy, the government more money to pay for essential services
owned all businesses; in the market and keep the nation running.
economy, private companies and Student answers will vary but should show under-
individuals own the businesses. standing of likely effects of money devaluation.
21. in the nation’s central and western regions 25. Ordinary Russians discovered that a free
22. It provides these industries with energy at marketplace, or free enterprise, did not
reasonable costs. guarantee them secure incomes. Instead, it
brought harder work for less pay and worry
23. industrial waste from factories on its shores
about making ends meet.
24. It is the world’s oldest and deepest lake,
containing one-fifth of the world’s freshwa-
ter, and 1,500 native species of aquatic
plants and animals. 1. A 5. B 9. c 13. c
2. D 6. c 10. b 14. b
25. Under the Soviet system, Aeroflot was the 3. C 7. d 11. a 15. b
only air carrier in Russia. The end of the 4. E 8. a 12. d
Cold War, or Soviet system, opened the air-
ways to foreign carriers. 16. Art can be used in the form of posters,
murals, and other public images that have a
historical or political message. It also can be
used to project images urging people to sup-
1. E 5. C 9. d 13. d port government programs or to feel patriotic
2. D 6. c 10. c 14. b toward the government and the country.
3. B 7. a 11. a 15. a
4. A 8. c 12. d 17. The Russian people had a strong religious
faith and practice long before the Soviet
16. The sovkhozes were large farms run like Union was established. These traditions
factories, on which farmworkers received were part of the culture and family life of
wages. The kolkhozes were small farms the people; as a result, when there was an
worked by farmers who shared, to some opportunity to worship openly again, many
degree, in the farm’s production and profits. people embraced it. Also, many people
The workers on the sovkhozes were paid a probably worshiped privately when they
wage and did not share in profits, so they could during the Soviet era.
had little motivation to work hard.
18. There was a nuclear reactor accident at
17. Russia depends primarily upon railroads and Chernobyl.
waterways for transportation because of its
19. exploded 600 nuclear bombs
great size and climate extremes.
20. 29 years
18. market
19. In the command economy, the government Unit 5 Form B Test pp. 199–200
owned all businesses; in the market econ- 1. E 5. A 9. a 13. d
omy, private companies and individuals own 2. D 6. c 10. b 14. a
the businesses. 3. C 7. d 11. c 15. c
4. B 8. b 12. b

16. A command economy is run entirely by the Chapter 17 Form A Test pp. 205–208
government, which sets prices and wages 1. A 5. E 9. b 13. c
and makes all key decisions. 2. D 6. d 10. c 14. d
17. The climate in Russia is very cold; it is 3. B 7. c 11. d 15. a
marked by long, cold winters and short, 4. C 8. b 12. d
warm summers. The cold climate makes 16. As the African, Arabian, and Eurasian plates
life in Russia very hard in many ways; for shift and move, they destroy, create, and
example, at times rivers and ports are change the physical geography. People in the
frozen, transportation can be very difficult, area must adapt to changing landscapes.
and the need for fuel is great, which means
17. In prehistoric times, grassy plains covered
increased pollution from burning fossil fuels
and from other energy sources. North Africa and the climate was moderate;
today, the climate is drier and the region is
18. Plans for building a paper pulp factory at mostly desert. The Mesopotamian region
Lake Baikal were announced. (the Tigris-Euphrates River valley) used to
19. 600 be a lush agricultural region, but now it also
20. Students should see that although this is an has a much drier climate.
incomplete picture, it still suggests a general 18. Almaty, Kazakhstan
pattern of serious pollution that has taken 19. Istanbul, Turkey; 33.0 inches
place in Russia.
20. Southwest Asia has higher elevations (over
1,000 feet) than North Africa.
Unit 6 Pretest pp. 201–202 21. lack of water, abundant sunshine, sand.
1. F 6. G 11. a 16. b Student answers will vary but should include some
2. B 7. H 12. d 17. c of these features.
3. A 8. J 13. b 18. d 22. Oil in the Caspian Sea is found in the waters
4. C 9. I 14. d 19. b claimed by several countries, which makes it
5. E 10. D 15. c 20. a necessary for each country to agree on oil
21. Most of the land is desert or steppe. production. The oil must then be trans-
Vegetation is sparse, and there is not ported through pipelines under the sea, then
enough water to support agriculture in over land through mountains or desert areas.
most regions. The climate in most areas is 23. Algeria
hot and dry, with very little rainfall. 24. tropical forest
22. The economies of Europe and the United 25. along the Mediterranean coast of North
States depend upon petroleum and natural Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya)
gas, most of which is produced in this
region. Oil-rich countries set the prices on
petroleum products, prices that greatly affect Chapter 17 Form B Test pp. 209–211
other countries’ economies. 1. C 5. B 9. a 13. b
2. D 6. d 10. d 14. b
Chapter 17 Section 1 Quiz p. 203 3. E 7. d 11. c 15. b
4. A 8. b 12. a
1. C 6. c
2. E 7. d 16. These countries are located close to fault
3. A 8. b lines and where tectonic plates come
4. D 9. d together. As a result, they are more prone to
5. B 10. c tectonic activity.
17. The Sinai Peninsula is located on the
Chapter 17 Section 2 Quiz p. 204 Mediterranean Sea between Saudi Arabia
and Egypt. The Arabian Peninsula is east of
1. C 6. b
the Red Sea and north of the Arabian Sea.
2. D 7. b
The Anatolian Peninsula is north of Israel
3. B 8. a
and Syria, and it points west into the
4. A 9. a
Aegean Sea.
5. E 10. b
18. Cairo, Egypt; 1.0 inch
19. Tehran, Iran

20. Cairo, Egypt; Damascus, Syria; Tehran, 16. Answers will vary but should mention liter-
Iran; extreme heat and 10 inches or less acy rate and schooling, as well as religious
of rainfall a year customs such as praying five times a day
21. Hare is describing the Sahara, the driest area and women covering themselves in public.
in North Africa. 17. Students may say that each ethnic group
22. Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan would want to be ruled by people with the
same language, customs, and religion. On
23. 2002
the other hand, nationalism in some areas
24. southeastern Iran has caused violent conflicts.
25. No, the pattern of earthquakes is irregular. In 18. for at least 3,000 years
some years, there are no major earthquakes;
in other years, there are relatively few. 19. a little more than 2,000 years ago
20. the killing of 6 million Jews in World War II;
Chapter 18 Section 1 Quiz p. 213 1939–1945
1. B 6. d 21. The speaker feels that the mixture of ethnic
2. C 7. c cultures in Turkey today means that there
3. E 8. d is no single definition of a unified
4. A 9. c Turkish culture.
5. D 10. a
22. Crescent
Chapter 18 Section 2 Quiz p. 214 23. 1980–1990

1. E 6. c 24. No; the data does not suggest a reason for
2. D 7. c the diminishing growth rate; any conclusion
3. A 8. b about the cause of the decrease must be
4. C 9. b supported by data or facts not presented in
5. B 10. c this graph.
25. 2.0
1. C 6. b Chapter 18 Form B Test pp. 223–226
2. A 7. b 1. E 5. D 9. c 13. b
3. D 8. b 2. B 6. b 10. c 14. d
4. E 9. d 3. A 7. a 11. a 15. c
5. B 10. b 4. C 8. c 12. d
16. The three religions practice monotheism, or
Chapter 18 Section 4 Quiz p. 216 the belief in one god. They all have sacred
1. D 6. b scriptures; they all originated in Southwest
2. C 7. d Asia (eastern Mediterranean subregion); and
3. B 8. c they all have physical and/or spiritual links
4. E 9. d to Palestine.
5. A 10. b 17. Students’ answers will vary, but should men-
tion that people in various countries have
Chapter 18 Section 5 Quiz p. 217 suffered economic hardships because of the
1. B 6. d lack of industrialization and modernization
2. D 7. d that can be the result of oil riches.
3. C 8. a 18. about 1000 B.C.
4. E 9. b 19. A.D. 637–1099, A.D. 1187–1922; 1,197 years.
5. A 10. c
20. a little more than 2,000 years ago
Chapter 18 Form A Test pp. 219–222 21. The cartoon presents a pessimistic view,
showing Israelis and Palestinians heading for
1. D 5. B 9. c 13. d a collision due to their opposing goals.
2. E 6. c 10. c 14. a
3. A 7. d 11. a 15. b 22. The speaker feels that the mixture of eth-
4. C 8. c 12. c nic cultures in Turkey today means that

there is no single definition of a unified 21. B
Turkish culture. 22. B
23. Israel and Lebanon 23. 87,894 sq. miles
24. The major oil reserves will be significantly 24. Israel, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan,
depleted because the oil will have been Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran,
extracted for human use. The regions Kazakhstan, Turkey
covered by oil reserves will be
considerably smaller. 25. Large quantities of water have been diverted
from the sea to irrigate cropland.
25. Bahrain
1. C 5. D 9. b 13. a
1. C 6. a 2. A 6. a 10. a 14. b
2. E 7. b 3. E 7. a 11. c 15. d
3. A 8. d 4. B 8. b 12. c
4. D 9. a
5. B 10. b 16. Desalination removes salt from seawater,
creating freshwater that can be used to
increase the limited water resources in this
region.
1. E 6. c
17. Students may mention jobs producing
2. A 7. d
and exporting petroleum and oil, creating
3. D 8. b
products out of petrochemicals, and using
4. C 9. a
petroleum income to create new businesses
5. B 10. a
and build services.
Chapter 19 Form A Test pp. 229–232 18. 1960
1. C 5. B 9. b 13. a 19. 1973 (quadrupled); 1974–1980 (tripled);
2. E 6. c 10. b 14. c 1999, 2000 (raised again)
3. D 7. d 11. b 15. a 20. They might conserve energy resources by
4. A 8. c 12. a using less oil for heating and automobiles.
16. The Aswān High Dam protects communities 21. heavily watered land in the Nile Delta
in the Nile Delta from severe flooding and 22. This soil has been fed freshwater by the
holds a year-round supply of water for Nile, and freshwater is a very limited
irrigation. By preventing floods, however, it resource in this region.
also prevents valuable topsoil from reaching
the delta and allows salt water to seep into 23. $10,400; it is nearly 4 times higher
the soil. More chemical fertilizers must be 24. Lebanon has a much larger population than
used now. There also have been more Qatar, so the value of goods and services
instances of parasite-related diseases since produced there per person is much less than
the dam was built. the same figure for Qatar.
17. Oil-producing countries have wealthy 25. 88 percent
economies that suffer when the price of oil
drops worldwide. To keep up their standard Unit 6 Form A Test pp. 237–238
of living, these countries need to diversify 1. A 5. D 9. a 13. b
their economies, by making money in other 2. B 6. d 10. b 14. d
businesses, such as the high-tech industry 3. C 7. d 11. a 15. c
or manufacturing. 4. E 8. b 12. d
18. 88 percent
16. The Nile River has irrigated the wide Nile
19. 68 percent Delta and also has deposited alluvial soil
20. Afghanistan may find it increasingly difficult during flood season, building fertile land
to raise enough food to feed its own people. again each year. People have farmed the
A smaller percentage of the labor force may region for more than 5,000 years. Students
work in agriculture. may point out that this natural process is

now interrupted by the Aswān High Dam; Unit 7 Pretest pp. 241–242
they may suggest that the dam’s blocking of 1. D 6. H 11. b 16. c
alluvial soil and stopping of floods may 2. C 7. B 12. a 17. a
change the region’s suitability for agriculture 3. I 8. E 13. c 18. b
or that modern fertilizers will remedy any 4. A 9. G 14. d 19. b
problems. 5. J 10. F 15. c 20. d
17. Countries that belong to OPEC set prices 21. Colonial governments did little or nothing to
on petroleum products, thus assuring them prepare Africans for self-rule. They did not
of substantial profits. Petroleum is in much educate the African people, allow them to
demand around the world, so this resource serve in positions of responsibility, or make
gives OPEC countries great economic decisions that would prepare them to man-
power. Students may feel that oil-producing age post-colonial nations.
countries have a right to set high prices, as
they have few other resources; on the other 22. The main challenges facing Africa south of
hand, students may suggest that OPEC the Sahara today are hunger, disease, and
takes advantage of high demand to make ongoing ethnic and political conflicts.
unreasonably high profits. Together, lack of food and diseases such
as HIV/AIDS are killing millions of people.
18. Iraq claimed that under Ottoman law it had Improving sanitation and drinking water, a
a right to Kuwait. commitment to education about HIV/AIDS,
19. Kuwait supported Iraq in a war with Iran. and providing necessary drugs, improved
20. Answers will vary but may include that food distribution, and settling wars and
western countries had an economic interest other conflicts among people in the area
in Kuwait’s oil. could help.
Unit 6 Form B Test pp. 239–240 Chapter 20 Section 1 Quiz p. 243

1. E 5. A 9. c 13. b 1. C 6. a
2. D 6. b 10. a 14. d 2. A 7. c
3. B 7. c 11. c 15. c 3. E 8. b
4. C 8. a 12. d 4. D 9. b
5. B 10. a
16. Students should discuss the arid, hot
climate of the region. They may describe
the Aswān High Dam, which was built to Chapter 20 Section 2 Quiz p. 244
hold irrigation water as well as to prevent 1. E 6. b
floods; the desalination projects on the 2. C 7. c
Persian Gulf, which provide people with 3. A 8. b
freshwater; and the pipeline built by Libya 4. B 9. a
to transport freshwater. 5. D 10. b
17. Students should describe the Sahara, under-
standing that it is mostly regs, or stony Chapter 20 Form A Test pp. 245–248
plains that are covered with rocky gravel. 1. E 5. B 9. c 13. c
Occasionally one might see a hamada, or 2. C 6. a 10. c 14. a
sandstone plateau, and, occasionally, an 3. D 7. d 11. b 15. c
erg, or sandy dune area. 4. A 8. c 12. c
18. 10 percent 16. The Sahel, originally made up of natural
19. oil pastures, shrubs, and trees, has been under
great stress for over 50 years from droughts
20. Seeing 70 percent on a circle graph makes and human overuse. Normally, the land
it easier to realize how important oil is to would recover after periods of drought, but
this region and how important this region it cannot because people cut brush for fuel,
is to meeting the world’s energy needs. clear more and more land for farming, and

let their herds and flocks overgraze the land. moves closer to the east coast, the elevation
Much of the topsoil has eroded, and the land drops again.
has been depleted. This process has forced 18. Congo; about 2,900 miles (about 4,666 km)
people to extend the area of the land they
need to use, and so the process continues. 19. Niger; about 400 miles (about 122 km)
17. In general, water is very important to Africa 20. about 700 miles (about 1,126 km)
south of the Sahara. It is used for crops, for 21. Some scientists believe that desertification
drinking, for hydroelectric power, and for occurs because of climate change with long
transportation. In many parts of the region, periods of extremely dry weather and water
there is an abundant water supply, which shortages; others believe that it occurs
can be used for many purposes. Controlling because the land has been cleared of trees
water for practical uses is difficult in some or overgrazed, which erodes topsoil and
areas because rainfall is often irregular and reduces the ability of the land to recover
unpredictable. In drier areas lack of water from drought.
can be a serious problem, especially during 22. a hot, dry wind.
times of drought. In addition, the lack of
financial support causes many water 23. 6 A.M.
resources to remain underdeveloped. 24. four
18. Khartoum, Sudan; steppe climates receive an 25. It is about half as much.
average of 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm) of
rain each year. Chapter 21 Section 1 Quiz p. 253
19. Yes; Kisangani is likely to be in a tropical 1. E 6. d
wet climate because it receives more 2. B 7. c
than 60 inches (150 cm) of rain per year. 3. D 8. a
20. Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the 4. C 9. c
Congo 5. A 10. b
21. Equator
22. Cameroon
1. B 6. a
23. subsistence farming 2. A 7. b
24. along the western coast from Accra, Ghana, 3. E 8. c
to Luanda, Angola 4. C 9. b
25. The region is very dry, has little economic 5. D 10. d
activity besides nomadic herding, and has
no cities. Chapter 21 Section 3 Quiz p. 255
Student answers will vary but should express the 1. C 6. c
idea that it is probably a desert. 2. A 7. b
3. E 8. d
4. B 9. a
5. D 10. b
1. E 5. C 9. a 13. b
2. D 6. b 10. d 14. c
3. B 7. d 11. b 15. d
4. A 8. c 12. c 1. C 6. d
2. E 7. d
16. The Great Rift Valley was formed by vol-
3. D 8. a
canic activity and earthquakes that caused
4. B 9. b
faults throughout the valley.
5. A 10. c
17. In general, Africa south of the Sahara is
higher in elevation in the interior areas Chapter 21 Section 5 Quiz p. 257
of the region. The elevation gradually rises
from both coasts. A series of plateaus 1. B 6. c
characterizes the region as one moves from 2. D 7. b
west to east. The eastern area is the highest 3. A 8. a
and contains the most mountains. As one 4. C 9. b
5. E 10. d

Chapter 21 Form A Test pp. 259–262 Peninsula. In fact, Djibouti's people were the
1. C 5. B 9. b 13. b first on the African continent to adopt Islam.
2. D 6. a 10. d 14. d European traders brought Christian mission-
3. A 7. c 11. d 15. c aries who successfully converted many peo-
4. E 8. c 12. c ple, and today Christianity has a large
following in the region.
16. African music has been very influential in the
development of American blues, jazz, and 18. in the northwestern and northeastern part of
popular music. Many forms and styles of Africa
music are directly or indirectly influenced by 19. English, French, Afrikaans
music that came from Africa during the past 20. Hausa and Fulani
400 years. Also, music that is popular in Africa
today has influenced contemporary artists 21. how the world began
(such as Sting and Kanye West) and is avail- 22. oral tradition
able in most parts of the United States. 23. Liberia and Ethiopia
17. Most Europeans treated Africans as less 24. Angola and Mozambique
than human. Europeans did not respect
Africans’ homes, communities, or lives; 25. Births outnumber deaths in Africa south of
they felt that they, as Europeans, had the the Sahara. The birthrate in the region has
right to establish colonial rule over Africa remained high in Africa, while the death rate
and do with the people as they pleased. has declined.
This is clear from the harsh and inhumane Student answers will vary but should include this
treatment of Africans by Europeans over basic idea.
long periods of time.
18. Congo-Kordofanian Chapter 22 Section 1 Quiz p. 267
19. Congo-Kordofanian 1. E 6. b
2. D 7. c
20. English, French, Afrikaans
3. C 8. a
21. kraals 4. B 9. d
22. the Arabian Peninsula, India, China 5. A 10. b
23. western Africa
24. tobacco
1. C 6. b
25. Mozambique 2. A 7. a
3. E 8. c
Chapter 21 Form B Test pp. 263–266 4. B 9. c
1. C 5. D 9. a 13. a 5. D 10. b
2. E 6. d 10. b 14. c
3. A 7. a 11. a 15. a Chapter 22 Form A Test pp. 269–271
4. B 8. c 12. b 1. D 5. C 9. a 13. a
16. Black South Africans were not allowed to 2. E 6. b 10. c 14. d
participate in government under apartheid 3. A 7. d 11. b 15. a
or to hold civil service jobs, such as in 4. B 8. c 12. d
police work and the army. The South 16. Most of the profits from large commercial
African government under apartheid did lit- farms today leave African countries and go
tle to help black South Africans prepare to to foreign corporations and investors. The
assume leadership roles, which made the crops that are grown are primarily for export
transition to equal government challenging. to other countries and do not meet the food
17. One of the early effects of trade on religion needs of the local people.
took place between the early trading king- 17. In the early 1990s, before the war, both
doms of West Africa and the Arab nations to countries were able to establish successful
the north across the Sahara. Arab traders farming operations that were providing a
brought Islam with them, and many Africans large percentage of their food needs. In
became Muslims. Islam was also brought to Ethiopia farmers planted millions of young
East Africa by traders from the Arabian trees to hold the soil and built dams to store

water. After the war, many people lost their 22. working in growing manufacturing industries
homes and lives. A severe drought struck, and participating in e-commerce
and the lands were seriously damaged. 23. H
18. Tanzania 24. G
19. $20,700 25. Chad has a very low population density of
20. Ethiopia and South Africa 20 people per sq. mi. as compared to
21. small-scale agriculture that provides for the Senegal’s 157 per sq. mi. Chad’s 9.9 million
needs of a family or a village people live in an area that is more than
6 times as large as the area in which
22. working in growing manufacturing industries Senegal’s 11.9 million people live. Senegal’s
and participating in e-commerce population is also more urban, with
23. It shows that more than half of the work- 45 percent living in urban areas as
force is involved in agriculture in the compared to Chad’s 24 percent.
selected African countries.
24. 85% Unit 7 Form A Test pp. 277–278
25. Mauritius 1. C 5. B 9. c 13. c
2. D 6. a 10. a 14. b
3. A 7. d 11. b 15. a
4. E 8. b 12. d
1. C 5. E 9. b 13. b
2. B 6. b 10. a 14. d 16. Colonial governments did little or nothing to
3. D 7. b 11. c 15. b prepare Africans for self-rule. They did not
4. A 8. a 12. d educate the African people, allow them to
serve in positions of responsibility, or make
16. Game preserves are lands that are reserved decisions that would prepare them to man-
to protect wild animals and their habitat. age post-colonial nations.
They are controversial with some local people
because lands that their families may have 17. Internal unrest and political and economic
used for generations can no longer be used, pressure forced the government of South
as they may be included in the land area of Africa to end apartheid.
a reserve. People feel that the government 18. Morocco invaded the Songhai Empire.
should think of them before tourists or before 19. 1500s–1800s
animals, and some government officials feel
that promoting tourism is important to the 20. in the 700s
economy.
17. Unclean water in many areas can cause a
variety of diseases, including cholera. 1. D 5. C 9. a 13. b
Millions of people are infected with AIDS, 2. E 6. c 10. c 14. c
and deaths from this disease will reduce 3. B 7. d 11. c 15. c
populations if the epidemic is not checked. 4. A 8. b 12. a
As a result, there could be fewer people to 16. Peanuts, palm oil, cacao, and coffee
work and run all aspects of the countries, are important commercial crops.
leaving those who are left with little or no 17. Unclean water in many areas can cause a
infrastructure. The political instability in variety of diseases, including cholera.
many areas also prevents desperately Millions of people are infected with
needed capital to build infrastructure. HIV/AIDS, and deaths from this disease will
18. Ethiopia and South Africa reduce populations if the epidemic is not
19. South Africa has an infant mortality rate of checked. As a result, there could be fewer
59 deaths per 1,000 births. Angola’s infant people to work and run all aspects of the
mortality rate is nearly three times that, at countries, leaving those who are left with
184 deaths per 1,000 births. little or no infrastructure.
20. Infant mortality is generally lower in 18. around A.D. 800
countries with higher literacy rates. 19. 1800s–1900s
21. small-scale agriculture that provides for the 20. 1950–2000
needs of a family or a village

Unit 8 Pretest pp. 281–282 20. 12,479 ft.
1. B 6. G 11. d 16. b 21. summer
2. A 7. E 12. c 17. c
3. I 8. F 13. c 18. a 22. The two countries have about the same land
4. C 9. D 14. b 19. b area, have large agricultural labor forces,
5. J 10. H 15. a 20. d and face natural hazards of drought and
flooding.
21. Students probably will be familiar with some
elements of the history or culture at least of 23. Bangladesh is mostly flat alluvial plain,
Tibet, Nepal, and India. For example, they which is well suited to agriculture. Nepal
may comment on the Himalaya, on Hinduism has flat plains in the south, but the hilly cen-
or Islam or Buddhism, or on nuclear prolifer- tral region and the mountainous north
ation in the area. (Himalaya) are not suitable for farming.
22. Students may suggest problems providing 24. corn, cotton, wheat
food, water, services, and other basic 25. Nepal and Bhutan
necessities for a huge population while
trying to protect the environment.
Chapter 23 Section 1 Quiz p. 283 1. D 5. B 9. b 13. b
2. C 6. b 10. c 14. c
1. B 6. b 3. E 7. b 11. d 15. c
2. E 7. d 4. A 8. d 12. b
3. A 8. c
4. D 9. a 16. Monsoons carry moisture-laden air from the
5. C 10. c south and southwest, across the Arabian Sea
and across northern India. When winds meet
the barrier of the Himalaya, they are forced
west, to the Gangetic Plain, bringing rain.
1. D 6. d
17. Northern parts (the Himalaya) of the region
2. A 7. b
have a highland climate in which climate and
3. E 8. b
vegetation varies with elevation.
4. B 9. c
5. C 10. c 18. India
19. Bangladesh
Chapter 23 Form A Test pp. 285–288 20. In India, there are 804 more people per
1. D 5. B 9. b 13. b square mile than in the United States. Some
2. C 6. b 10. b 14. d 79 percent of U.S. residents live in cities, so
3. E 7. b 11. c 15. c the rural areas are relatively uncrowded. In
4. A 8. a 12. a India, the situation is reversed: 71 percent of
its people live in rural areas.
16. This range physically divides India into
northern and southern regions. This physical 21. an area of land where all the rain that falls
division also separates two distinctive cul- drains to the same place
tures. The people in India’s north and south 22. A plateau is an area of flat land at a high
developed different languages and customs elevation. An escarpment is a steep cliff
because the Vindhya Range acted as a natu- between a higher and a lower surface.
ral barrier that made communication
23. summer
between the two groups difficult.
24. Nepal and Bhutan
17. Students should understand that waters
harnessed upstream in one country for 25. eastern and central India
hydroelectric power or diverted for irrigation
would reduce or affect the amount of water Chapter 24 Section 1 Quiz p. 293
available downstream, perhaps in another 1. E 6. d
country. 2. D 7. d
18. Everest; Nepal-Tibet 3. C 8. b
4. A 9. b
19. Mont Blanc; France-Italy 5. B 10. b

Chapter 24 Section 2 Quiz p. 294 as a state for the Muslim population. The
1. D 6. a two nations continue to experience religious
2. A 7. d tensions. Most Kashmiris are Muslims as are
3. C 8. b most Pakistanis. Most Indians are Hindu, and
4. E 9. a there is a small minority of Kashmiri Hindus,
5. B 10. a including the former prince of Kashmir.
Thus, the religious conflict between Hindus
and Muslims exists both within Kashmir and
between the two states seeking to control it.
1. D 6. a
2. C 7. a
Student answers will vary but should accurately
3. A 8. c
describe the role of religion in the partition of India,
4. E 9. a
and should recognize that part of Pakistan’s claim to
5. B 10. b
Kashmir is based on the fact that its people share the
Muslim faith with most Kashmiris.
1. C 5. B 9. a 13. b
1. E 5. A 9. d 13. b
2. D 6. d 10. c 14. c
2. D 6. c 10. c 14. d
3. A 7. b 11. a 15. a
3. B 7. b 11. a 15. a
4. E 8. a 12. d
4. C 8. b 12. b
16. The diversity of languages indicates a diver-
16. The challenges include low literacy rates
sity of culture. Language diversity may cause
and extending educational opportunities to
communication problems when educating
women and members of the lower social
people about health and sanitation issues.
classes.
Language problems also separate cultures
and add to ethnic disputes, such as those in 17. Hindus believe in reincarnation, many gods
Sri Lanka. and goddesses, and karma. Buddhists believe
in the teachings of the Buddha, which are
17. The infrastructure and public facilities of
learning to think clearly, work diligently, and
urban areas, such as roads, utilities, schools,
show compassion for all living things.
and hospitals, cannot keep up with the
Buddhism spread from India to other coun-
increasing population. Also, cities experience
tries. Sri Lanka became a Buddhist kingdom.
housing shortages, overcrowding, and pollu-
In Nepal and Bhutan, new forms of
tion when their populations grow rapidly.
Buddhism emerged that blended Hindu rituals
18. most of the eastern coast and northern areas with local practices. In India, Hinduism
near rivers absorbed Buddhism but retained a tradition of
19. Baluchistan, Kashmir, Rajputana, Hyderabad, honoring the Buddha.
Mysore, Travanacore 18. India
20. It shows India as unified and independent 19. India 1858
and Pakistan as an established nation.
20. It shows India as unified and independent
21. M. R. Masani and Pakistan as an established nation.
22. 60 million 21. M. R. Masani
23. Hindi 22. The northern areas of South Asia (in Nepal,
24. India wants Kashmir as a buffer between Bhutan, and northern India) and the western
itself and China; Pakistan relies on river part of Sri Lanka are pre-dominantly Buddhist.
waters flowing from the mountains of 23. northwestern India
Kashmir for irrigation and electricity.
24. C 25. A
Student answers will vary but should recognize the
strategic geographic location of Kashmir relative to
both Pakistan and India.
1. D 6. d
25. When India became independent, tensions 2. C 7. c
arose between the new nation’s Hindu and 3. E 8. a
Muslim populations. As a result, Britain 4. B 9. b
partitioned the country by creating Pakistan 5. A 10. b

Chapter 25 Section 2 Quiz p. 306 while the percent of enrollment for males
1. B 6. d also increased.
2. E 7. d 21. loss of habitat for fish, loss of port and
3. D 8. a shore protection, loss of stability for shore-
4. A 9. b lines, increase in coastal erosion, increased
5. C 10. c dredging needs
22. keeping tourists from littering the natural
Chapter 25 Form A Test pp. 307–310 wonders they have come to visit
1. D 5. E 9. c 13. b 23. Patna, Chittagong, Dhaka
2. A 6. c 10. a 14. c 24. commercial fishing
3. B 7. d 11. c 15. a
4. C 8. a 12. d 25. The main commercial farming crop in Sri
Lanka is tea. It is raised on large plantations
16. Possible answers include causing deforesta- and leaves little land for growing food
tion, loss of habitat for animals, pollution, crops. As a result, the local population must
and litter. import food crops such as rice.
17. Most South Asians live a life centered on Student answers will vary but should correctly iden-
agriculture—subsistence farming, cash crops, tify tea as the main commercial crop and recognize
or both. They have little access to clean that its dominance leaves Sri Lankans without suffi-
water and suffer from the results of storms cient food crops.
and human pollution.
18. Mumbai Unit 8 Form A Test pp. 315–316
19. fewer people 1. D 5. A 9. c 13. d
2. B 6. b 10. b 14. b
20. Hyderabad
3. C 7. b 11. d 15. a
21. They are organizing politically to demand 4. E 8. c 12. a
their rights. They are electing people of all 16. Students’ descriptions may include the fol-
castes to serve as leaders. lowing: the Great Indian Desert, irrigated by
22. growing population, deforestation, irrigation the Indus River; the cold, barren Himalaya;
23. conflict between India and Pakistan over ter- the Ganges Plain, hot and humid, receiving
ritory of Kashmir monsoon rains from the west; the dry
Deccan Plateau, blocked by the Ghats; the
24. agriculture tropical rain forests along India’s west coast
25. industry and southern tip and in Sri Lanka.
17. Clashes have occurred within India between
Chapter 25 Form B Test pp. 311–314 militant Hindus and Muslims. Fighting has
1. E 5. D 9. d 13. d broken out a number of times between
2. B 6. a 10. d 14. b India, a predominantly Hindu country, and
3. C 7. a 11. b 15. c Muslim Pakistan over the disputed territory
4. A 8. a 12. d of Kashmir. The conflict between the two
countries escalated in 1998, when they both
16. Bhutan might be able to learn from the mis- gained nuclear capability.
takes of the industrialized world. The people
of Bhutan eventually might use advanced 18. by the 1100s
technology to live better while protecting 19. for about 90 years
their environment and natural resources. 20. Muslims and Hindus have been fighting over
17. Improved primary and secondary education India for more than a thousand years, and
would produce more skilled workers for the present conflicts have their basis in religious
jobs India’s information technology industry differences between Hindus and Muslims.
can offer.
18. Sri Lanka Unit 8 Form B Test pp. 317–318
19. Pakistan in 1980; Pakistan in 2004 1. D 5. E 9. a 13. d
2. B 6. b 10. b 14. d
20. Yes; the percentage of females enrolled in
3. C 7. d 11. a 15. c
secondary education increased in Bangladesh,
4. A 8. c 12. b

16. Students may conclude that British colonists Chapter 26 Section 2 Quiz p. 322
were embarrassed in the eyes of the world, 1. B 6. c
as millions of Indians nonviolently opposed 2. C 7. b
their presence in India and as Gandhi 3. E 8. d
suffered from hunger strikes. Students 4. A 9. a
also may suggest that nonviolent actions 5. D 10. d
included work strikes, which crippled
British businesses.
17. Students could compare Hinduism, with
1. C 5. A 9. a 13. c
its belief in many gods and goddesses,
2. D 6. d 10. b 14. a
reincarnation, and karma; Buddhism, whose
3. E 7. c 11. a 15. b
adherents follow the teachings of Siddhartha
4. B 8. d 12. c
Gautama and seek to attain nirvana; or
Islam, based on the teachings of Muhammad 16. They can build stronger buildings; stock sup-
and a belief in one God. plies of food, water, and other necessities in
case of disaster; have prearranged ways to
18. during the Mauryan Empire, 320–180 B.C.
communicate with family members in case of
19. about 62 years disaster; and improve methods of predicting
20. Because Indians have lived with these natural disasters.
religions for more than 2,000 years, it is 17. The winter monsoons blow from the north-
almost inevitable that there would be west to the southeast and bring cold dry air.
some acceptance of each other’s faith. In some areas, such as northern Japan and
Korea, the winter monsoons bring heavy snow.
Unit 9 Pretest pp. 319–320 The summer monsoons bring 80 percent
of the precipitation for the year. They blow
1. B 6. G 11. b 16. b
from the southeast to the northwest and
2. H 7. I 12. d 17. d
bring warmer, very humid weather.
3. F 8. E 13. c 18. c
4. A 9. C 14. b 19. b 18. the Japan Current
5. D 10. J 15. a 20. d 19. the Pacific sides of the northern islands
21. Students should understand that because 20. the Kuril Current
much of East Asia has access to the oceans,
21. That Taiwan is part of the Ring of Fire, a
and because countries such as Japan are
region with frequent earthquakes and
islands that lack a large agricultural base,
volcanic activity.
fishing is an important economic activity.
22. Chengdu
22. Students should understand that the pop-
ulation of East Asia is concentrated in cities 23. Hangzhou
and in places where agriculture is good 24. archipelago
(coastal plains and river valleys). Students
25. Volcanic activity created most of the region’s
may mention that the eastern parts of the
islands.
region are more densely populated than
are the western areas.
Chapter 26 Section 1 Quiz p. 321 1. B 5. D 9. d 13. b
2. E 6. a 10. b 14. a
1. E 6. d
3. A 7. d 11. a 15. c
2. C 7. b
4. C 8. c 12. b
3. B 8. c
4. A 9. a 16. A typhoon is the result of the interaction of
5. D 10. b monsoon winds and ocean currents in the
Pacific Ocean. Typhoons usually take place
in the late summer and fall and can cause
torrential rains, flooding, mud slides, and a
great deal of damage.

17. East Asia has limited amounts of quality 17. The Chinese greatly influenced Japan and
farmland and many people to feed. The Korea culturally and politically. Confucianism
region also has many miles of coastline and spread from China to these countries; its
traditionally has had abundant supplies ideas were adopted in Korea as a model
of seafood. for government, education, and family life.
18. from the south, affecting the southern and Chinese writing characters, philosophy,
southeastern coasts of Japan sciences and arts, and government struc-
tures also were adopted by the Japanese.
19. the Bering Sea Buddhism spread from China to Korea and
20. along the southern coasts Japan; it became an important religion in
21. It means the center of an earthquake’s activity. both countries.
22. Loess deposited by rivers is rich in nutrients 18. Japan and North Korea
needed by plants for growth. 19. China
23. Chang Jiang 20. about 8 percent
24. Gobi 21. The first section of the Great Wall was built.
25. There may be serious crop failures. 22. Japan emerged as a global economic power
after rebuilding its economy after World
Chapter 27 Section 1 Quiz p. 331 War II.
1. E 6. d 23. Henan
2. C 7. a 24. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Beijing, Shanghai, and
3. D 8. c Tianjin
4. B 9. c
25. People migrate to high-growth urban areas
5. A 10. a
to find employment.
1. A 6. c
1. D 5. C 9. c 13. b
2. C 7. c
2. E 6. d 10. b 14. d
3. E 8. b
3. B 7. c 11. c 15. a
4. B 9. a
4. A 8. b 12. d
5. D 10. b
16. Japan’s empire grew during this time.
Chapter 27 Section 3 Quiz p. 333 Between the 1890s and 1940s, Japan used
diplomacy and military force to build an
1. B 6. a empire that included Taiwan, Korea, other
2. A 7. b parts of mainland Asia, and numerous Pacific
3. C 8. b islands.
4. E 9. b
5. D 10. c 17. The main idea is that although various
religions are practiced in East Asia, many
people practice more than one. For exam-
ple, Japanese people may be Buddhist or
1. D 5. B 9. b 13. c Christian but still may practice Shintoism.
2. A 6. d 10. a 14. c
18. North Korea; about $1,500
3. E 7. c 11. b 15. d
4. C 8. a 12. a 19. Hong Kong; about $34,500
16. Some people may be able to improve their 20. about $29,000
lives by moving. They may find better jobs 21. Today fewer people in China are openly
and be able to improve other aspects of religious because the government strongly
their lives. On the other hand, many urban discourages religious practices. However,
areas are becoming overcrowded; people many people still hold the traditional beliefs
may have to live in unhealthy conditions, described in this passage.
with very few resources; and there can be a
22. Japan emerged as a global economic
shortage of people to work on farms when
power after rebuilding its economy after
they move to the cities.
World War II.

23. 1895 21. merchant marines
24. Korea came first in 1910; Manchuria 22. Cars, buses, taxis, and motorcycles created
followed in 1931. hazardous emissions that pollute the air.
25. Most students will explain that Japan’s They also create visual pollution and
expansion was one factor that led Japan to increase overcrowding.
fight the United States and other Allied 23. manufactured items
countries in World War II. 24. 16
25. bullet train, high-speed train
1. D 6. b Chapter 28 Form B Test pp. 349–352
2. C 7. d 1. A 5. C 9. c 13. d
3. B 8. c 2. E 6. d 10. b 14. c
4. E 9. a 3. B 7. b 11. c
5. A 10. d 4. D 8. b 12. c
15. When the media is controlled, there are
Chapter 28 Section 2 Quiz p. 344 fewer sources of information, and it is
1. E 6. c unlikely that people will learn news about
2. C 7. b anything that could be taken as criticism of
3. B 8. a the government or that they will be exposed
4. D 9. c to news sources from other countries. In a
5. A 10. a country that has freedom of the press, peo-
ple will have a large variety of information
Chapter 28 Form A Test pp. 345–348 sources as well as access to international
1. C 5. B 9. a 13. b
news sources.
2. A 6. b 10. b 14. c 16. There is a direct relationship between the
3. D 7. a 11. d 15. b type of government and the economic struc-
4. E 8. d 12. d tures of each country: The more democratic
the government, the more the economy will
16. China, Mongolia, and North Korea use fossil
be based on capitalism or free enterprise.
fuels that they have in large quantities, such
Communist governments—China and North
as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as
Korea, in this case—exercise more control
hydroelectric power. Japan, South Korea,
over the economy. Japan, Taiwan, and South
and Taiwan must import fossil fuels since
Korea are more democratic and have more
they have few coal and oil deposits. Japan
economic freedom.
and South Korea use nuclear power plants
in spite of accidents and problems with dis- 17. Mongolia
posal of nuclear waste. Japan has begun 18. Eastern China has many more modern
developing alternative sources, such as solar methods of transportation than does
power and wind power. western China.
17. The health of the people will be seriously 19. Japan
damaged through air and water pollution 20. After being bombed, Hiroshima was rebuilt
as well as through sewage waste. Nuclear and became a thriving urban port.
waste and power plant accidents could have
terrible consequences in loss of life and sick- 21. The United States
ness. Acid rain could destroy forests, leading 22. Cars, buses, taxis, and motorcycles emit
to shortages of timber as well as damage pollutants into the air. They also create
from flooding. Overall, many cities and other visual pollution and increase overcrowding.
places could become uninhabitable and many 23. Eastern Sichuan
people could become sick or die.
24. 1556
18. Mongolia
25. Undersea earthquakes can trigger huge
19. China tsunamis, waves that grow as they approach
20. Although China and Japan both have a land, and cause massive destruction and loss
variety of methods of transportation, the of life.
methods used in Japan’s rapid rail system
require greater technological sophistication.

Unit 9 Form A Test pp. 353–354 ignore the economic markets that are readily
1. D 5. E 9. b 13. d available within the region.
2. C 6. b 10. c 14. c 18. service industries and the export of high-tech
3. B 7. d 11. a 15. a products
4. A 8. d 12. b 19. China
16. Both monsoons are winds of this region.
20. Taiwan, Mongolia, and South Korea
The winter monsoon is a dry, cold wind that
brings snow to the northern parts of Korea
and Japan. It blows from the northwest to Unit 10 Pretest pp. 357–358
the southeast. The summer monsoon, which 1. B 6. I 11. a 16. d
blows from the southeast to the northwest, 2. H 7. D 12. d 17. b
brings heavy rains that account for 80 percent 3. J 8. A 13. b 18. c
of East Asia’s annual rainfall. 4. G 9. F 14. b 19. b
17. The dam is being built to control flooding 5. E 10. C 15. a 20. c
along the Chang Jiang in central China. 21. The Indochina and Malay Peninsulas were
The dam also will provide an enormous formed when the Eurasian, Philippine, and
amount of hydroelectric power to China’s Indo-Australian tectonic plates collided. The
industries and people. When the dam is cordilleras were created when pressure dur-
finished, however, many communities, ing the collision forced Earth’s crust upward.
ancient historical sites, and landforms will The islands are the result of volcanic activity.
be covered with water. The dam also
22. Economic growth has increased the expecta-
will affect natural habitats.
tions of many Southeast Asians about their
18. China and North Korea quality of life. It has also helped to increase
19. a constitutional monarchy the standard of living throughout this region.
20. Mongolia One result of an increased standard of living
is more automobiles on the roads in this
region. With more automobiles comes
increased air pollution.
1. A 5. C 9. a 13. d
2. B 6. c 10. d 14. d
3. D 7. d 11. a 15. a
4. E 8. b 12. a 1. D 6. a
2. E 7. d
16. Before the revolution, China was run by 3. A 8. b
emperors who had most of the power. There 4. B 9. b
were a small number of very wealthy and 5. C 10. d
powerful people; most people worked hard
for very little compensation. The economy
was essentially a market economy with many
privately owned businesses. Under the com- 1. E 6. b
munist government, the economy became 2. D 7. a
a command economy, with the government 3. A 8. c
strictly controlling every aspect of economic 4. C 9. b
life. The government also controlled people’s 5. B 10. d
lives, telling them where and how they
could work and how many children they Chapter 29 Form A Test pp. 361–364
could have, and dictating many other areas 1. D 5. E 9. c 13. b
of their lives. 2. B 6. a 10. b 14. c
17. Even though some of the countries in the 3. C 7. c 11. a 15. c
region have opposing styles of government, 4. A 8. b 12. a
their proximity to one another makes them 16. Tropical wet climate is characterized by little
potential trading partners. They might be variation in temperature and mostly wet con-
involved in business investments in one ditions nearly year-round; tropical dry cli-
another’s countries, which also would bring mate is characterized by alternate wet and
them together. It seems counterproductive to dry seasons; humid subtropical climates of
the northern reaches of Laos, Thailand, and

Vietnam provide relief from the hot, humid of Myanmar and on the island regions of
temperatures with cool, dry temperatures Borneo and New Guinea, there are deciduous
averaging around 61 degrees from November trees and evergreen forests.
to April. The mountainous areas of Myanmar, 17. Students should understand that Singapore
New Guinea, and Borneo are characterized has cut down nearly all of its rain forest but
by a highland climate with cooler tempera- that Malaysia has a large tract of ancient for-
tures than the surrounding areas. Myanmar is est. Students might suggest protecting the
sometimes referred to as the “tropical Malaysian forest or planning carefully when
Scotland” because of its cooler climate. expanding the cities and towns of Malaysia.
17. Students should understand that Singapore 18. the Arakan Yoma and the Bilauktaung
has cut down nearly all of its rain forests, but
that Malaysia has a large tract of ancient for- 19. 7,765 feet (2,367 m)
est. Students might suggest protecting the 20. 450 miles
Malaysian forest or planning carefully when
21. The fact that a deer believed to be nearly
expanding the cities and towns of Malaysia.
extinct still lives in unexplored parts of the
18. 40 percent; 60 percent rain forests of Laos suggests that many other
19. approximately 1,000 islands; 5.7 percent species can also be protected by conserving
these habitats.
20. Accept reasonable answers. Possible answer:
Because only about 1,000 islands (5.7 percent) 22. The human activities of gold mining and
are permanently settled, most Indonesian fishing are affecting the ecosystem in
islands may be unsuited for settlement. Myanmar by contributing to the decrease
in the population of the Irrawaddy river
21. The fact that a deer believed to be nearly
dolphin.
extinct still lives in unexplored parts of the
rain forests of Laos suggests that many other 23. Thailand and Laos
species can also be protected by conserving 24. Philippines
these habitats.
25. Laos
22. 10, ten
23. Malaysia Chapter 30 Section 1 Quiz p. 369
24. No; this chart only indicates the total land- 1. D 6. d
mass for Malaysia. It does not provide data 2. A 7. b
about how much of the land is located on 3. B 8. a
mainland or islands. 4. C 9. c
5. E 10. d
25. C
1. D 6. c
1. C 5. D 9. d 13. b
2. B 7. a
2. A 6. b 10. a 14. a
3. A 8. a
3. B 7. d 11. b 15. b
4. C 9. d
4. E 8. c 12. d
5. E 10. b
16. The mainland was formed by the collision of
the Eurasian, Philippine, and Indo-Australian Chapter 30 Form A Test pp. 371–374
tectonic plates; the islands were formed by
1. E 5. D 9. a 13. a
related volcanic and earthquake activity. The
2. C 6. b 10. b 14. b
climate of most of the islands is lush tropical
3. A 7. b 11. c 15. c
rain forest; the mainland has rain forest with
4. B 8. b 12. a
some areas of tropical dry climate, supporting
grasses and trees, along with milder subtropi- 16. Students’ answers should reflect an under-
cal regions in Vietnam. Cooler highlands areas standing of the effects of recent migrations
exist in Myanmar on the mainland and the to cities and overcrowded living with poor
island regions of Borneo and New Guinea. services. They also should express an
The tropical wet climate supports dense rain- opinion about the effectiveness of the
forests, while the tropical dry climate supports Indonesian government’s programs to
grasses and trees. In the cooler highland areas relocate people.

17. The culture of Southeast Asia has been a rich 22. Britain
one for thousands of years, with elaborate 23. The Philippine Islands
architecture and complex religious practices.
These elements of history and culture coexist 24. Siam (Thailand)
with modern, global cities such as Singapore. 25. By 1965 all the countries of Southeast Asia
18. about 600 million had gained their independence, so none of
the foreign colonies would be present on a
19. about 825 million
map of 1965.
20. over 1 billion
21. the United States Chapter 31 Section 1 Quiz p. 379
22. Yes; urbanization is a significant trend 1. B 6. c
throughout Southeast Asia. Increasing num- 2. E 7. a
bers of the region's people are moving from 3. D 8. d
rural areas to urban centers. 4. A 9. b
23. Indonesia 5. C 10. d
24. The population of Cambodia is larger
(nearly twice the size) than that of Laos. Chapter 31 Section 2 Quiz p. 380
25. The cartogram shows the relative positions 1. E 6. d
of each country but uses scale to reflect 2. A 7. a
data. In this case, the size of each country 3. C 8. c
indicates the size of its population in rela- 4. B 9. b
tion to the other countries. 5. D 10. d

1. C 5. D 9. d 13. c
1. D 5. B 9. d 13. a 2. B 6. c 10. b 14. c
2. A 6. a 10. c 14. c 3. A 7. b 11. c 15. b
3. C 7. d 11. b 15. c 4. E 8. a 12. b
4. E 8. b 12. d
16. Economic growth has increased the expecta-
16. Southeast Asia has been greatly influenced tions of many Southeast Asians about their
by peoples from China, India, and Europe. quality of life. It has also helped to increase
The Chinese brought much of their own cul- the standard of living throughout this region.
ture, including business skills and style of One result of an increased standard of living
dress. The Indians brought their culture and is more automobiles on the roads in this
religion. The Europeans brought culture, region. With more automobiles comes
religion, and forms of government. increased air pollution.
17. Students may cite the railroads, hospitals, or 17. Many plantation farmers in this region burn
roads built by Western powers as well as the forest areas to make way for planting cash
contribution of Western languages, religions, crops. These burnings are becoming more
and cultures to the region. Students may cite frequent. As dry periods of weather occur in
difficulties caused by U.S. involvement in the region, these fires often burn out of con-
Vietnam or the religious conflicts in East trol. As a result, ecosystems are destroyed,
Timor caused by early Spanish influence. causing animals to be displaced from their
18. 38 percent natural habitats. Air pollution and smog is
also produced by the fires, causing respira-
19. You can visualize the loss; you can see how tory illnesses.
large a part of the population was lost.
18. 229 years between Kelut and Tambora; 68
20. Most people probably lost many members years between Tambora and Krakatau
of their families. Communities probably lost
19. Tambora, Krakatau, Kelut, Mount Pinatubo
their leaders and fell apart or had difficulty
providing basic education and welfare. 20. Given the date of the eruption, the lack
of information may mean that detailed
21. Yes; urbanization is a significant trend records were not kept at that time. The
throughout Southeast Asia. Increasing num- number of casualties also may be a very
bers of the region’s people are moving from general estimate.
rural areas to urban centers.

21. Traffic and congestion is a serious problem 22. Electronic and computer equipment are the
in Thailand and requires expert handling. major exports of the Philippines, and
22. Typhoon Singapore, which are among the most indus-
trialized countries in Southeast Asia.
23. Forest fires contribute to respiratory and
other diseases caused by polluted air 23. Brunei, Indonesia, Vietnam
and smog. 24. This map shows locations of coal, nickel,
24. The smoky atmosphere has discouraged tungsten, copper, tin, gemstone, and gold
tourism in the region. lodes, or deposits of minerals.
25. They often burn large areas of land to clear 25. In commercial farming, agricultural goods
it for planting cash crops. During periods of are produced to be sold. In subsistence
drought these fires can get out of control farming, farmers produce only enough food
and spread to forests. to meet their own needs or the needs of
their community.
1. B 5. C 9. b 13. b Unit 10 Form A Test pp. 389–390
2. A 6. b 10. c 14. a 1. C 5. A 9. c 13. c
3. D 7. d 11. c 15. c 2. E 6. a 10. a 14. b
4. E 8. a 12. b 3. B 7. a 11. b 15. b
4. D 8. a 12. c
16. Many plantation farmers in this region burn
forest areas to make way for planting cash 16. The Indochina and Malay Peninsulas were
crops. These burnings are becoming more formed when the Eurasian, Philippine, and
frequent. As dry periods of weather occur in Indo-Australian tectonic plates collided. The
the region, these fires often burn out of con- cordilleras were created when pressure dur-
trol. As a result, ecosystems are destroyed, ing the collision forced Earth’s crust upward.
causing animals to be displaced from their The islands are the result of volcanic activity.
natural habitats. Air pollution and smog is Volcanic activity still occurs, adding lava and
also produced by the fires, causing respira- ash to the islands. The volcanic soil makes
tory illnesses. parts of the region excellent for farming.
Underwater earthquakes can cause tsunamis,
17. Most shipping between Southeast Asia and
which can destroy whole villages. Most of
Europe must pass through the Strait of
the region has a tropical wet climate with
Malacca, which is located near Singapore.
abundant rainfall.
Although there are other regional ports,
Singapore has prospered as a “free port.” This 17. All three regions are working toward economic
means that ships can unload, store items, and growth. Singapore has few natural resources
reship items without having to pay import left, its economy is based on trade and manu-
duties. facturing, and most people live in urban areas.
Malaysia has diversified its economy and still
18. Indonesia
retains about 50 percent of its original rain for-
19. Starvation was the major cause; perhaps the est. In Papua, Indonesians are mining and har-
eruption destroyed crops or cut off lines of vesting timber to provide resources for the
transportation that might have brought in country’s large population. Rapid resource
emergency supplies. development is leading to depletion and pollu-
20. The loss of life may have been smaller, tion. Papua’s population is poor, and most do
but it still was significant. Furthermore, not benefit from these operations.
the eruption of Mount Pinatubo resulted 18. Vietnam
in the loss of many homes, a terrible
19. by working in service industries
destruction of property.
20. Singapore
21. Many regions of Southeast Asia have the
conditions necessary for growing rice: fertile
soil, abundant water supply, and a warm, Unit 10 Form B Test pp. 391–392
wet climate. 1. A 5. D 9. b 13. b
2. E 6. c 10. c 14. b
3. C 7. d 11. c 15. a
4. B 8. b 12. b

16. Many plantation farmers in this region burn Chapter 32 Form A Test pp. 397–399
forest areas to make way for planting cash 1. D 5. B 9. a 13. a
crops. These burnings are becoming more 2. C 6. c 10. d 14. c
frequent. As dry periods of weather occur in 3. A 7. b 11. c 15. a
the region, these fires often burn out of con- 4. E 8. d 12. b
trol. As a result, ecosystems are destroyed,
16. Because low islands get little rainfall, only
causing animals to be displaced from their
natural habitats. Air pollution and smog is shrubs and grasses grow.
also produced by the fires, causing respira- 17. A typical atoll in Oceania is a low, ring-
tory illnesses. shaped island, often containing a lagoon
17. The wet climate supports tropical rain in the middle. The climate of these islands
forests that are home to more than 14,500 can be tropical rain forest, or in some cases
species of flowering plants and several lay- drier. New Zealand consists primarily of
ers of vegetation. Many varieties of orchids two large islands: North Island and South
are grown here. Several varieties are grown Island. These include beaches, forests, hills,
only one or two places in the world outside and high mountains, some of which are
of a greenhouse. Many animals such as ele- volcanoes. New Zealand has a marine west
phants, tigers, rhinoceros, orangutans, and coast climate with year-round rainfall and
the Komodo dragon live in the region. The temperatures that vary only slightly. The
Komodo dragon is unique to the area. high mountains are the coldest area; in fact,
some mountains are covered with snow
18. Singapore; $25,800 throughout the year.
19. Malaysia 18. Oceania
20. Vietnam 19. 4.05 inches (10.3 cm)
20. 335.95 inches
Unit 11 Pretest pp. 393–394 21. Antarctica is covered by an ice cap and has
1. D 6. A 11. c 16. d an extremely cold climate so it would be
2. F 7. C 12. d 17. b very difficult for people to settle there and
3. H 8. J 13. d 18. c impossible to grow food outside.
4. G 9. I 14. b 19. d Answers will vary but should reflect this general
5. E 10. B 15. c 20. a idea.
21. Students may suggest that since vast areas 22. Melbourne, Australia, is located in the
of ocean separate landmasses in Oceania, Southern Hemisphere, where the seasons
the best (and only) forms of travel are by are reversed. Also, the ocean winds warm
sea and by air. the land in winter and cool it in summer.
22. Students should understand that the Answers will vary but should reflect that Australia
landscape is very flat and includes many lies in the Southern Hemisphere.
deserts. It is the “back” of Australia. It is
way “out back.” 23. Papua New Guinea
24. Solomon Islands
Chapter 32 Section 1 Quiz p. 395 25. Machinery is a major import of four of
1. D 6. a the countries.
2. C 7. c
3. A 8. b Chapter 32 Form B Test pp. 401–404
4. E 9. d 1. D 5. B 9. a 13. d
5. B 10. d 2. C 6. b 10. a 14. d
3. A 7. c 11. b 15. c
Chapter 32 Section 2 Quiz p. 396 4. E 8. d 12. d
1. E 6. c 16. Answers may vary. Possible answers include:
2. C 7. d There may be an increase in bush fires;
3. B 8. c ranchers may struggle to feed and water
4. A 9. c livestock; ranchers may have to find another
5. D 10. b way of life; there could be an increase in
urbanization.

17. Answers may vary, but most students should such as Samoa. A dominion is a country
understand that New Zealand provides the that is self-governing but that still maintains
best soil and opportunities for farming and a political relationship with the former
sheep ranching, though some may choose colonizing country. Australia is a dominion
Australia for sheep ranching. Oceania would within the British Empire.
not be an acceptable choice. 18. Polynesia
18. 9.4° F (23.0° C); Australia 19. New Caledonia and Tahiti
19. Oceania 20. Micronesia
20. Australia 21. immigrants
21. North Island also has beaches, ancient 22. 919,000
forests, and a central plateau with lakes, hot
springs, and volcanoes. 23. Papua New Guinea
Answers will vary but should reflect this general 24. the United States, New Zealand, France, the
idea. United Kingdom, and Australia
22. New Zealand 25. eleven
23. doldrums
24. tropical rain forest
1. C 5. E 9. b 13. a
25. The country has thousands of indigenous 2. D 6. b 10. a 14. a
species of plants, and plants found nowhere 3. B 7. c 11. a 15. d
else in the world. 4. A 8. c 12. c
16. Europeans had a strongly negative impact
Chapter 33 Section 1 Quiz p. 405 on the indigenous peoples of Australia, tak-
1. D 6. b ing their land and depriving them of basic
2. B 7. b rights. Europeans treated them unfairly
3. A 8. d and discriminated against them in jobs,
4. E 9. a education, housing, and social services.
5. C 10. a 17. Eastern Australia is more densely populated,
particularly along the southeastern and
Chapter 33 Section 2 Quiz p. 406 southern coasts. The western areas are
1. B 6. c very dry and hot, with little opportunity
2. C 7. d for farming, and they have a very sparse
3. E 8. d population compared to the area of land.
4. D 9. a 18. Polynesia
5. A 10. c
19. Guam and the Marianas Islands; Micronesia
20. yes
1. C 5. D 9. c 13. b 21. high
2. B 6. a 10. a 14. a 22. nature
3. A 7. d 11. a 15. d 23. The British began to colonize Australia in
4. E 8. c 12. d the late 1700s. They used it at first as a
16. The main cultural effect of migration is the colony for convicts.
mixing of cultures, both traditional and 24. New Caledonia, Society Islands, Tahiti,
modern. It can take place in many ways, Marquesas Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago
including language, arts, customs, housing,
crafts, and ways of working. 25. Australia is a self-governing country with
close ties to Britain. Although the British
17. A trust territory is land that was temporarily monarch is the official head of state,
placed under control of another country Australia’s prime minister actually heads
by the United Nations. For example, the Australia’s government.
Marshall Islands were a trust territory of
the United States but now are independent. Student answers will vary but should reflect this
An independent republic is a country that general idea.
governs itself and is entirely independent,

Chapter 34 Section 1 Quiz p. 415 24. Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
1. C 6. a and the Fiji Islands
2. E 7. d 25. Australia’s uranium deposits are located on
3. B 8. c land that has long been inhabited by
4. D 9. b Aborigines, who consider the land sacred
5. A 10. a and oppose mining on the land.
Student answers will vary but should reflect this
Chapter 34 Section 2 Quiz p. 416 general idea.
1. B 6. c
2. D 7. a Chapter 34 Form B Test pp. 421–424
3. E 8. d 1. D 5. B 9. c 13. a
4. A 9. b 2. C 6. c 10. b 14. d
5. C 10. d 3. E 7. c 11. a 15. d
4. A 8. c 12. b
16. The Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder
1. B 5. C 9. a 13. a and a beneficial part of the area’s ecosystem.
2. D 6. c 10. b 14. a It is also one of Australia’s major tourist
3. E 7. b 11. b 15. b attractions. It is important to preserve this
4. A 8. a 12. d natural habitat for future generations.
16. Humans brought nonnative species to 17. The loss of protective ozone may be a cause
Australia when they settled in the region. of the global rise in skin cancer and
The Aborigines brought their hunting dogs, cataracts. It may also contribute to global
called dingoes, from Asia. European settlers warming.
brought sheep, cattle, foxes, cats, and rab-
18. dairy cattle, sheep and lambs, pigs
bits to Australia. These introduced species
had no natural predators, so their popula- 19. sheep and lambs
tion increased and they took over the habi- 20. pigs and dairy cattle
tats of native species.
21. Possible answer could include: parts of New
17. Pollution from agricultural runoff, chemical Guinea are very remote and rugged; it is dif-
fertilizers, and toxic and organic waste can ficult to reach Papua; lumber is important to
harm or kill algae, which is a food for the the economy; there are still clans living in
organisms that build coral reefs. As the coral remote areas.
dies, it affects other animal and plant life,
22. Dingoes are a wild dog and they are a
eventually leading to a situation in which
the entire reef may die. Also, coral environ- threat to many of the native species of
ments are stressed by tourists, boaters, and Australia. They are mostly a problem
divers, as well as by oil-shale mining. because they kill and eat livestock. Some
people are worried about the effect on the
18. meat cattle and chickens for eggs food chain if the dingo population dies off.
19. pigs 23. coconuts
20. sheep and lambs and chickens for meat 24. Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
21. Dingoes are a wild dog and they are a and the Fiji Islands
threat to many of the native species of 25. Australia’s uranium deposits are located on
Australia. They are mostly a problem land that has long been inhabited by
because they kill and eat livestock. Some Aborigines who consider the land sacred
people are worried about the effect on the and oppose mining on the land.
food chain if the dingo population is
decreased or dies off. Unit 11 Form A Test pp. 425–426
22. Possible answer could include: parts of New 1. C 5. D 9. c 13. c
Guinea are very remote and rugged; it is dif- 2. E 6. b 10. b 14. b
ficult to reach Papua; lumber is important to 3. B 7. a 11. d 15. b
the economy; there are still clans living in 4. A 8. d 12. d
remote areas.
16. Students may suggest that since vast areas of
23. coconuts ocean separate landmasses in Oceania, the

best (and only) forms of travel are by sea 17. The governments of Australia and New
and by air. Zealand need to provide the indigenous
17. Pollution from agricultural runoff, chemical people with social services to improve their
fertilizers, and toxic and organic waste can health, quality of life and ability to partici-
harm or kill algae, which is a food for the pate in modern society. Education will also
organisms that build coral reefs. As the coral help Maoris and Aborigines participate in
dies, it affects other animal and plant life, more education to improve their ability to
eventually leading to a situation in which the reap economic benefits. Educating non-
entire reef may die. Also, coral environments indigenous people will help create better
are stressed by tourists, boaters, and divers, intercultural relations. Participation of indige-
as well as by oil-shale mining. nous people in voting for public officials
and electing indigenous people to govern-
18. New Zealand ment will help them win the resources they
19. in Australia, outback need to improve their status.
20. Oceania 18. Oceania
19. Australia
1. D 5. B 9. a 13. d 20. North—central plateau, volcanic stone, lakes,
2. E 6. c 10. b 14. d forests
3. A 7. b 11. b 15. c South—snowy peaked mountains, fertile
4. C 8. c 12. c lowlands along eastern coast.
16. Students should understand that Antarctica is
a fragile land that could be damaged easily
and permanently by activities such as min-
ing, oil drilling, and other economic pursuits.
Therefore, it is important to preserve the
continent for scientific exploration and study.

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Section Quizzes and

HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED

A COMPLETE ANSWER KEY

Send all inquiries to:

Printed in the United States of America

To the Teacher ............................................................................................................................ ii

Unit 1 The World

Unit 2 The United States and Canada

Unit 3 Latin America

Unit 6 North Africa, Southwest Asia,

Unit 7 Africa South of the Sahara

Unit 8 South Asia

Unit 9 East Asia

Unit 10 Southeast Asia

Unit 11 Australia, Oceania,

2. chemical haze that can be seen in the air B. fault

10. study of maps and mapmaking J. atmosphere

11. Desalination is the process of

12. The consistent, proportional relationship between measurements on a map and

13. The Earth rotates on its

Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests 1

14. The birthrate is the number of births per

15. Human-made features, such as boundaries and highways, would be shown on a

17. A(n) is a place in a desert with water and lush vegetation.

19. When , condensation takes place.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

20. Particular kinds of information, such as climate or population, would be shown

III. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS: Answer the following questions

2 Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests

Geography Skills Handbook

4. height above sea level D. relief

5. differences in height above sea level E. grid system

MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of

6. What do cartographers use to show the round Earth on a flat surface?

10. What is each degree of latitude or longitude further divided into?

Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests 3

The Geographer’s Craft

MULTIPLE CHOICE: In each blank on the left, write the letter of

6. What is a geographer who examines human economic activities called?

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

7. What do geographers often use to test the validity of their ideas?

9. What does a common characteristic, such as a product, define?

10. What do geographers use latitude and longitude to determine?

4 Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests

How Geographers Look at the World

II. Recalling Facts and Ideas

7. What is another name for parallels that circle the Earth?

8. Why are maps useful to geographers?

9. Statistical data, such as census numbers,

10. Why do geographers study history?

Section Quizzes and Chapter Tests 5

Chapter 1, Form A Test

11. What is another name for mapmakers?

12. Which features are most accurately depicted on a globe?

13. What is meant by the term relative location?

14. Which of the following would be shown on a physical map?

III. Critical Thinking Questions

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

IV. Applying Skills Composite Temperature (°F)

Source: Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic