DR - Azad.enraf - Sonopuls 490

4-Series
Operating Instructions
Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Copyright:
Enraf-Nonius B.V.
P.O. Box 12080
Vareseweg 127
3004 GB Rotterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)10 – 20 30 600
Fax: +31 (0)10 – 20 30 699
info@enraf-nonius.nl
www.enraf-nonius.com
Part number: 1498751_41

October 31, 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Foreword .......................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Intended User/Operator .......................................................................................................4
1.2 Product Liability ....................................................................................................................4
2 Product Description .....................................................................................................................4
3 Precautionary Instructions .........................................................................................................5
4 Intended Use.................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Intended Use Electrotherapy ...............................................................................................6
4.1.1 Pain Management....................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.2 Muscle Stimulation...................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.3 Description Current Waveforms .................................................................................................. 8
4.1.4 Illustrations Current Waveforms................................................................................................ 16
4.2 Intended Use Ultrasound therapy ......................................................................................21
4.2.1 Indications Ultrasound .............................................................................................................. 21
4.2.2 Contra-indications Ultrasound................................................................................................... 21
4.2.3 Precautions and Warnings Ultrasound ..................................................................................... 21
4.2.4 Relevant Hazards Ultrasound ................................................................................................... 21
4.2.5 Potential Adverse Effects Ultrasound ....................................................................................... 22
4.2.6 Parameters ultrasound therapy................................................................................................. 22
4.3 Combination Therapy .........................................................................................................22
5 Package Contents ......................................................................................................................22
6 Installation ..................................................................................................................................23
6.1 Systems without a Vacotron ..............................................................................................23
6.2 Systems with a Vacotron ...................................................................................................23
6.3 Connection to mains supply ...............................................................................................23
6.4 Disconnection from mains supply ......................................................................................24
6.5 Placing the optional battery................................................................................................24
6.6 Operation from battery .......................................................................................................24
7 Application Information.............................................................................................................25
7.1 Electrotherapy ....................................................................................................................25
7.1.1 Before treatment ....................................................................................................................... 25
7.1.2 Flexible rubber electrodes ........................................................................................................ 25
7.1.3 Vacuum electrodes ................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.4 Self-adhesive electrodes .......................................................................................................... 26
7.1.5 Electrolytic effects ..................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.6 Current density ......................................................................................................................... 26
7.1.7 Connection and disconnection reactions .................................................................................. 26
7.2 Ultrasound ..........................................................................................................................27
7.2.1 Contact Control ......................................................................................................................... 27
7.2.2 The contact medium ................................................................................................................. 27
7.2.3 Before treatment ....................................................................................................................... 27
7.2.4 During treatment ....................................................................................................................... 27
7.2.5 After treatment .......................................................................................................................... 27
7.3 Vacuum ..............................................................................................................................27
8 Operating Instructions ..............................................................................................................28
8.1 Operator Controls...............................................................................................................28
8.2 Basic Operation..................................................................................................................30
8.2.1 Device turn on........................................................................................................................... 30
8.2.2 Display Organization ................................................................................................................. 30
8.2.3 Navigation ................................................................................................................................. 31
8.2.4 Shutting device down ................................................................................................................ 39
8.2.5 Operating Details ...................................................................................................................... 39
9 Maintenance and Troubleshooting ..........................................................................................41
9.1 Cleaning and Disinfection ..................................................................................................41
9.1.1 Cleaning of apparatus ............................................................................................................... 41
9.1.2 Cleaning display panel .............................................................................................................. 41
9.1.3 Electrodes and accessories ...................................................................................................... 41
9.1.4 Patient cable ............................................................................................................................. 41
9.1.5 Ultrasound applicator ................................................................................................................ 41
9.1.6 Vacuum electrodes and sponges.............................................................................................. 42
9.1.7 Vacuum cables ......................................................................................................................... 42
2
9.1.8 Cleaning the water reservoir and hoses: .................................................................................. 42
9.2 Warning Messages, Error Messages and Troubleshooting ..............................................42
9.2.1 Error code ................................................................................................................................. 42

9.2.2 Patient Circuit Interrupted ......................................................................................................... 42
9.2.3 Battery Low............................................................................................................................... 42
9.2.4 Water Reservoir Full ................................................................................................................. 43
9.2.5 Vacuum Leak ............................................................................................................................ 43
9.2.6 Ultrasound Applicator Error ...................................................................................................... 43
9.2.7 Insufficient DC Supply .............................................................................................................. 43
9.3 User Maintenance ............................................................................................................. 43
9.3.1 Optimize Contact Control Ultrasound Applicator ...................................................................... 43
9.3.2 Back-up and Restore Favorites ................................................................................................ 43
9.3.3 Firmware Update ...................................................................................................................... 44
9.4 Technical Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 44
9.5 End of life........................................................................................................................... 44
10 Specifications ............................................................................................................................ 45
10.1 Ultrasound parameters .................................................................................................. 45
10.2 Stimulator output parameters ........................................................................................ 46
10.3 Technical Data ............................................................................................................... 49
10.4 Safety and Performance standards ............................................................................... 50
10.5 EMC details.................................................................................................................... 50
11 Ordering information ................................................................................................................ 53

1 Foreword
1.1 Intended User/Operator
This manual has been written for the owners and operators of the 4-series. It contains general
instructions on operation, precautionary practices, maintenance and parts information. In order to
maximize the use, efficiency and lifespan of your unit, please read this manual thoroughly and become
familiar with the controls as well as the accessories before operating the unit.
This device is designed to only be used by or under the supervision of persons using the medical device
in the course of their work and in the framework of a professional healthcare activity, who understand the
benefits and limitations of electrotherapy and ultrasound therapy. I.e.“professional users”.
WARNING (USA only):

The 4-series are prescription devices that should only be used under the supervision or by the order of a
physician or other licensed healthcare provider.
Specifications put forth in this manual were in effect at the time of publication. However, owing to Enraf-
Nonius her policy of continual improvement, changes to these specifications may be made at any time
without obligation on the part of Enraf-Nonius.
1.2 Product Liability
A law on Product Liability has become effective in many countries. This Product Liability law implies,
amongst other things, that once a period of 10 years has elapsed after a product has been brought into
circulation, the manufacturer can no longer be held responsible for possible shortcomings of the product.
To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no event will Enraf-Nonius or its suppliers or
resellers be liable for any indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of or
inability to use the product, including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work and
productivity, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses, even if
advised of the possibility thereof, and regardless of the legal or equitable theory (contract, tort or
otherwise) upon which the claim is based. In any case, Enraf-Nonius’s entire liability under any provision
of this agreement shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of the fees paid for this product and fees for
support of the product received by Enraf-Nonius under a separate support agreement (if any), with the
exception of death or personal injury caused by the negligence of Enraf-Nonius to the extent applicable
law prohibits the limitation of damages in such cases. Enraf-Nonius cannot be held liable for any
consequence resulting from incorrect information provided by its personnel, or errors incorporated in this
manual and / or other accompanying documentation (including commercial documentation)
The opposing party (product’s user or its representative) shall disclaim Enraf-Nonius from all claims
arising from third parties, whatever nature or whatever relationship to the opposing party.
2 Product Description
The 4-series is a family of products for physical therapy. The devices share an identical control panel
equipped with a full colour touch panel. The devices are mains powered and can optionally be equipped
with a battery for mains independent operation. The family comprises the products described below.
Endomed 482:
The Endomed 482 is equipped with two completely identical electrotherapy channels. The electrotherapy
channels can be used in combination (linked) or totally independent. A comprehensive set of current
waveforms is available, targeting both pain management and muscle stimulation applications. Protocol
driven operation is available, providing both factory or user defined sequences of treatment steps.
Protocols can run on linked or independent channels. With independent channels two different protocols
can be performed simultaneously.
Sonopuls 490:
4 The Sonopuls 490 is an ultrasound therapy device. The device provides two positions for attachment of
an ultrasound applicator. Depending on the device configuration ordered, the Sonopuls 490 comes with

an applicator with a large contact area, an applicator with a small contact area or with both applicators.
The applicators can operate in continuous or pulsed mode at an ultrasound frequency of 1 MHz or 3 MHz.
Contact control suspends the application of ultrasonic energy when acoustical contact with the treatment
area becomes insufficient. The applicators are suitable for subaqual treatments.
Sonopuls 492:
The Sonopuls 492 is a combination device, combining the functions of the Endomed 482 and the
Sonopuls 490 in a single device. With the Sonopuls 492 the simultaneous application of ultrasound and
electrotherapy (combination therapy) is also possible. The remaining electrotherapy channel can then be
used independently.
Vacotron 460:
Electrotherapy can be applied through standard or vacuum electrodes. With vacuum electrodes the
Vacotron 460 generates the vacuum through which the vacuum electrodes are attached to the patient.
The device is placed beneath the Endomed 482 or Sonopuls 492, from which its power is derived and
through which it is also operated.
3 Precautionary Instructions
In this section general Warnings and Precautions are listed, that you should be aware of when using the
4-series. See also chapter 4.1 for Warnings and Precautions that are application specific.
WARNING:
• Federal law (USA only) restricts this device to sale by, or on the order of, a physician or licensed
practitioner. This device should be used only under the continued supervision of a physician or
licensed practitioner.
• Make certain that the unit is electrically grounded by connecting only to a grounded electrical
service receptacle conforming to the applicable national and local electrical codes.
• Do not operate the unit in an environment of short-wave or micro-wave diathermy.
• This 4-series is not suitable for use in the presence of flammable anesthetics mixture with air,
oxygen, or nitrous oxide.
• This device should be kept out of the reach of children.
CAUTION:
• Read, understand and practice the precautionary and operating instructions. Know the limitations
and hazards associated with using any electrical stimulation device. Observe the precautionary
and operational stickers placed on the unit.
• Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein
may result in hazardous exposure to ultrasonic energy.
• Handle the ultrasound applicator with care. Inappropriate handling of the ultrasound applicator
may adversely affect its characteristics.
• Inspect the ultrasound applicator for cracks which may allow the ingress of conductive fluid
before each use.
• Inspect ultrasound applicator cables and associated connectors before each use.
• Do not operate the 4-series when connected to any unit other than Enraf-Nonius BV devices.
• This unit should be operated in temperatures between 10 °C and 40 °C (50 °F and 104 °F), with
a Relative Humidity ranging from 20%-90% non condensing.
• Do not expose the unit to direct sunlight, heat radiated from a heat radiator, excessive amounts of
dust, moisture, vibrations and mechanical shocks.
• In the case of ingress of liquids, unplug the unit from the mains supply and have it checked by an
authorized person (see the paragraph on maintenance).
• Before administering any treatment to a patient you should become acquainted with the operating
procedures for each mode of treatment available, as well as the indications, contra-indications,
warnings and precautions. Consult other resources for additional information regarding the
application of electrotherapy and ultrasound therapy.

4 Intended Use
The device is designed to only be used by or under the supervision of persons using the medical device
in the course of their work and in the framework of a professional healthcare activity, who understand the
benefits and limitations of electrotherapy and ultrasound therapy. I.e.“professional users”.
4.1 Intended Use Electrotherapy
4.1.1 Pain Management
Pain Management is the use of electrical stimulation for pain relief.
4.1.1.1 Indications Pain Management

• Symptomatic relief of chronic, intractable pain. Management of pain associated with post-
traumatic or postoperative conditions.
4.1.1.2 Contra-indications Pain Management

• This device should not be used for symptomatic pain relief unless etiology is established or
unless a pain syndrome has been diagnosed.
• This device should not be used on patients with demand-type cardiac pacemakers.
• This device should not be used over cancerous lesions.
• Electrode placements that apply current to the carotid sinus region (anterior neck) must be
avoided.
• Electrode placements that apply current transcerebrally (through the head) must be avoided.
• Electrode placements that apply current transthoracically (the introduction of electrical current
into the heart may cause cardiac arrhythmias) must be avoided.
4.1.1.3 Warnings Pain Management

• Benefits of TENS currents have not been established for pain of central origin.
• This device is to be used as a symptomatic treatment for pain and has no curative value.
Patients should be cautioned and their activities regulated if pain that would otherwise serve as a
protective mechanism is suppressed.
• The long-term effects of chronic electrical stimulation are unknown.
• Safety has not been established for the use of therapeutic electrical stimulation during pregnancy.
• Stimulation should not be applied over swollen, infected, or inflamed areas of skin eruptions e.g.,
phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, etc.
• See also chapter 3, Precautionary Instructions, for general Warnings and Precautions.
4.1.1.4 Precautions Pain Management

• Isolated cases of skin rash may occur at the site of electrode placement following long-term
applications. The irritation may be reduced by use of an alternate conductive medium or an
alternative electrode placement.
• Effectiveness of this treatment is dependent upon patient selection.
4.1.1.5 Adverse Effects Pain Management

• Skin irritation and burns beneath the electrodes have been reported with the use of therapeutic
electrical stimulation.
4.1.1.6 Current Waveforms Pain Management

• For pain management the following current waveforms are recommended.
4.1.3.1, 4.1.3.2, 4.1.3.3, 4.1.3.5, 4.1.3.6, 4.1.3.7, 4.1.3.8, 4.1.3.9.2.
4.1.2 Muscle Stimulation
Muscle Stimulation is the use of electrical stimulation to treat muscle dysfunction.

4.1.2.1 Indications Muscle Stimulation
• Relaxation of muscle spasms
• Prevention or retardation of disuse atrophy
• Increasing local blood circulation
• Muscle re-education
• Immediate post-surgical stimulation of calf muscles to prevent venous thrombosis
• Maintaining or increasing range of motion
• Dysphagia
4.1.2.2 Contra-indications Muscle Stimulation

• This device should not be used on patients with demand-type cardiac pacemakers
• This device should not be used over cancerous lesions
• Electrode placements that apply current to the sinus carotid region (anterior neck) must be
avoided (1
• Electrode placements that apply current transcerebrally (through the head) must be avoided.
• Electrode placements that apply current transthoracically (the introduction of electrical current
into the heart may cause cardiac arrhythmias) must be avoided.
Note (1)
However the application area for the treatment of Dysphagia is distant enough from the sinus
carotis area, when the therapist follows the guidelines as described in the therapybook
"Dysphagia (by H.C.A. Bogaardt SLP, PhD)"
4.1.2.3 Warnings Muscle Stimulation

• The long-term effects of chronic electrical stimulation are unknown.
• Safety has not been established for the use of therapeutic electrical stimulation during pregnancy.
• Stimulation should not be applied over swollen, infected, or inflamed areas of skin eruptions e.g.,
phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins, etc.
4.1.2.4 Precautions Muscle Stimulation

• Adequate precautions should be taken when treating individuals with suspected or diagnosed
heart problems, or epilepsy.
• Caution should be used when there is a tendency to hemorrhage following acute trauma or
fracture.
• Caution should be used following recent surgical procedures when muscle contraction may
disrupt the healing process.
• Caution should be used over the menstruating uterus.
• Caution should be used over areas of the skin which lack normal sensation.
• Some patients may experience skin irritation or hypersensitivity due to electrical stimulation or
electrical conductive medium. The irritation can usually be reduced by using an alternative
conductive medium, or alternate electrode placement.
4.1.2.5 Adverse Effects Muscle Stimulation

• Skin irritation and burns beneath the electrodes have been reported with the use of therapeutic
electrical stimulation.
4.1.2.6 Current Waveforms Muscle Stimulation

• For muscle stimulation the following current waveforms are recommended.
4.1.3.2.1, 4.1.3.2.3, 4.1.3.3, 4.1.3.4, 4.1.3.6, 4.1.3.9.1
These waveforms are often applied in combination with a surge program, which consists of a
sequence of exercise and rest periods. Two options are available here:
• Reciprocal application, where stimulation alternates between agonists and antagonists. This is
accomplished through asynchronous stimulation over two current channels with an appropriate
delay between the two channels.
• Co-contract application, where two channels operate synchronously to co-contract agonist and
antagonist or different sections of a larger muscle group.
See paragraph 8.2.5.6 for the available parameters 7

4.1.3 Description Current Waveforms
4.1.3.1 4 Pole Interferential Currents
With the interferential current type a medium frequency carrier frequency is used to pass the low
frequency stimulation (beat) frequency through the skin. The relatively low resistance of the skin to the
carrier frequency contributes to the patient comfort that is often associated with this current type.
Interferential currents are all AC currents without any residual DC components. Several variations of the
interferential current type are known, of which the following are available in the 4-series:
4.1.3.1.1 Classical Interferential

With this therapy method four electrodes are used and two non modulated currents are
generated. The frequency of one channel is fixed at the carrier frequency, while the other channel
has a variable frequency, based on the Beat frequency and Frequency Modulation settings.
Interference occurs where the two currents intersect in the tissue. The modulation depth (which
determines the current amplitude of the stimulation) depends on the direction of the currents, and
can vary from 0 to 100%. 100% modulation depth only occurs at the diagonals (and hence at the
intersection) of the two currents. This is of course a theoretical situation, based on the
assumption that the tissue is homogeneous. In reality, the tissue is heterogeneous, so that the
current balance between the two channels has to be used to obtain the 100% modulation depth
(Fig. 1). The current balance can also be used to compensate for differences in sensation
occurring under the electrodes.
Modulation depth is only 100% at

the diagonals.
4.1.3.1.2 Isoplanar Vector
The isoplanar vector technique is intended to increase the area where effective stimulation
occurs. Amplitude modulation occurs in the equipment and a special phase relation between the
two channels ensures a 100% modulation depth between the four electrodes in all positions.
Modulation depth is 100% over the entire treatment area.
The advantage of this method is that the positioning of the four electrodes to effectively treat the
8 affected tissue is less critical. The sensation of the Isoplanar vector mode is soft and equally
divided over the treatment area.

4.1.3.1.3 Dipole Vector Manual
With the dipole vector technique the currents from the two electrode pairs are vectorially summed
in the tissue. The effect is that stimulation only occurs into the direction of the resulting vector,
which can be adjusted over a range of 360º. Amplitude modulation occurs in the equipment and
the modulation depth is 100%.
Stimulation with 100% modulation depth only occurs into the

direction of the vector.
The advantage of this method is that the direction of the stimulation can be adjusted electronically
after positioning the electrodes.
4.1.3.1.4 Dipole Vector Automatic
With the automatic dipole technique the dipole vector described above is rotated at an adjustable
speed. If the current amplitude is increased exceeding the motorial threshold, the tissue will
contract and relax rhythmically. The automatic dipole vector current is ideally suited for areas
where mechanical pressure (massage) is not desirable.
Parameters 4 Pole Interferential Currents:

Carrier frequency, expressed in kHz, is the base frequency of the alternating current.
Beat frequency, expressed in Hz, defines the channel frequency difference in classical interferential
mode and the rate at which the amplitude is internally modulated in the vector modes.
Frequency Modulation, expressed in Hz, defines a variable frequency range that is summed to the Beat
frequency i.e when the Beat frequency is set to 80 Hz and the Frequency modulation is set to 40 Hz, the
final frequency will vary from 80 – 120 Hz. Frequency modulation is often used to prevent accommodation
to stimulation or to improve patient tolerance.
Modulation Program defines the time and sequence in which the frequency will sweep through the
Frequency modulation range. See for the available Modulation programs fig 4.1.4.12.
Balance defines the difference in current amplitude between the two channels. Only available in classical
interferential mode.
Vector position adjustment defines the angle of the dipole vector with respect to the position of the
electrodes.
Rotation Speed, expressed in s, defines the time elapsed during one revolution of the vector in
automatic dipole vector mode.
4.1.3.2 Biphasic Pulsed Currents (TENS)
4.1.3.2.1 Asymmetrical and Alternating Asymmetrical
The asymmetrical biphasic pulsed current waveform is often used in TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical
Nerve Stimulation) applications. This waveform is characterized by variable phase duration and variable
pulse frequency. Its typical amplitude, duration, and rate of rise and decay are unequal for each phase
with respect to the baseline. The waveform is fully balanced, i.e. the phase charges of each phase are
equal. See fig 4.1.4.4.1 for a graphical representation.
9

A variation to the standard biphasic asymmetrical pulsed current is the alternating one, in which the
successive pulse phases alternate with respect to the baseline. See fig 4.1.4.4.2 for details. This
waveform is also fully balanced.
To prevent accommodation to stimulation or to improve patient tolerance, the pulse frequency can be
varied through frequency modulation. Several frequency modulation programs are available. See fig
4.1.4.12 for details.
Parameters:
Phase Duration, expressed in µs, is the elapsed time from the beginning to the end of the initial pulse
phase. See fig 4.1.4.4.1 for details.
Pulse Frequency, expressed in Hz or pps (pulses per second), defines the repetition rate of the TENS
pulses. See fig 4.1.4.4.1 for details.
Frequency Modulation, expressed in Hz, defines a variable frequency range that is summed to the
Pulse frequency i.e when the Pulse frequency is set to 80 Hz and the Frequency modulation is set to 40
Hz, the final frequency will vary from 80 – 120 Hz.
Modulation Program, defines the time and sequence in which the frequency will sweep through the
Frequency modulation range. See for the available Modulation programs 4.1.4.12.
4.1.3.2.2 Burst Asymmetrical and Burst Alternating Asymmetrical
The burst biphasic and burst biphasic alternating asymmetrical pulsed currents are variations to their non
burst counterparts, in which the continuous train of pulses is interrupted by pulse pauses. See fig
4.1.4.4.3 and fig 4.1.4.4.4 for details. A burst frequency can be set for treating chronic pains, where the
use of continuous stimulation with a low pulse frequency would be too painful. Each burst lasts for 100ms
and the burst rate can be adjusted separately. With this milder TENS waveform it is easier to exceed the
motorial threshold stimulus.
Parameters:
Burst Frequency, expressed in Hz, defines the repetition rate of bursts of pulses. A burst consists of a
train of pulses. Each burst lasts for 100ms and the number of pulses in a burst depends on the selected
Pulse frequency i.e at a Pulse Frequency of 100Hz, 10 pulses are available in each burst.
See fig 4.1.4.4.4 for details.
4.1.3.2.3 Symmetrical
TENS current pulses can also be used for muscle stimulation applications. Often the symmetrical
biphasic pulsed current waveform is used. See fig 4.1.4.4.5 for a graphical representation. The specified
phase duration applies to both pulse phases, which doubles the amount of available energy with respect
to the asymmetrical pulsed current waveform. This waveform is fully balanced (no residual DC
components are present).
Parameters:
Phase Duration, expressed in µs, is the elapsed time from the beginning to the end of a pulse phase.
The phase duration applies to each pulse phase. See fig 4.1.4.4.5 for details.
frequency i.e when the Beat frequency is set to 80 Hz and the Frequency modulation is set to 40 Hz, the
10 final frequency will vary from 80 – 120 Hz.

Surge Program can be used to adjust repeated sequences of contraction and rest periods. See
paragraph 8.2.5.6 for details.
4.1.3.2.4 Burst Symmetrical
The burst biphasic symmetrical pulsed current is a variation to its non burst counterpart, in which the
continuous train of pulses is interrupted by pulse pauses. See fig 4.1.4.4.6 for details. A burst frequency
can be set for treating chronic pains, where the use of continuous stimulation with a low pulse frequency
would be too painful. Each burst lasts for 100ms and the burst rate can separately be adjusted. With this
milder TENS waveform it is easier to exceed the motorial threshold stimulus.
Parameters:
Burst Frequency, expressed in Hz, defines the repetition rate of bursts of pulses. A burst consists of a
train of pulses. Each burst lasts for 100 ms and the number of pulses in a burst depends on the selected
Pulse frequency i.e at a Pulse Frequency of 100Hz, 10 pulses are available in each burst.
See fig 4.1.4.4.6 for details.
4.1.3.3 Premodulated
As with Interferential currents, a medium carrier frequency is used to pass the low frequency stimulation
(beat) frequency through the skin. See fig 4.1.4.1 for the current waveform. ‘Premodulated’ implies that
amplitude modulation occurs in the equipment, allowing it to be applied with a single electrode pair.
The Premodulated alternating current is often used where the objective is to strengthen the muscle and
change the distribution of muscle fibers (twitch speed). The Beat frequency is used to affect the muscle
fiber distribution. The optimum carrier frequency for this purpose varies between 2000 – 4000 Hz.
At a low Beat frequency (up to about 20 Hz) the muscle becomes ‘red’, while at a higher Beat frequency
(up to about 150 Hz) the muscle becomes ‘white’. This can be used to increase the explosive release of
energy in high-jumpers, provided that is supplemented by functional exercises. The most comfortable
tetanic contractions are obtained at a Beat frequency between 40 and 80 Hz.
Muscle stimulation is normally applied with a Surge program, allowing the muscles to rest between
exercise cycles.
Parameters:
Carrier Frequency, expressed in kHz, is the base frequency of the alternating current.
Beat Frequency, expressed in Hz, defines the rate at which the amplitude is internally modulated.
frequency i.e. when the Beat Frequency is set to 80 Hz and the Frequency modulation is set to 40 Hz, the
final frequency will vary from 80 – 120 Hz.
Frequency modulation range. See for the available Modulation programs fig .
4.1.3.4 Russian Stimulation
This current type is an intermittent alternating current with a carrier frequency around 2500 Hz. See fig
4.1.4.2 for the current waveform. Russian Stimulation was first used by Kots, a lecturer in sports medicine
11

at the Moscow State Academy. Kots used it for muscle strengthening in prosthesiology and in the training
of Russian cosmonauts. With this technique the electro stimulation is applied both to individual muscles
and to groups (either directly or via the nerve). In direct stimulation, a frequency of 2500 Hz was found to
produce the largest contraction, while the optimum frequency in indirect stimulation was 1000 Hz.
A specific feature of this type of muscle stimulation is that the alternating current is interrupted 50 times
per second. This results in a pulse train, comparable to the ‘burst’ in TENS. The total duration of the pulse
train is 20ms, giving a phase duration/phase interval ratio of 1:1. Kots uses a Burst frequency of 50 Hz,
approximately in the middle of the frequency spectrum used to produce tetanic contraction (40-80 Hz). In
addition to the 1:1 ratio, Kots also describes a phase duration/phase interval ratio of 1:5.
The amplitude should be increased until a powerful contraction is produced (from the motor stimulation
level up to the limit of tolerance). As with all muscle stimulation applications a Surge program can be
used, allowing the muscles to rest between exercise cycles.
Parameters:
Carrier Frequency, expressed in kHz, is the base frequency of the alternating current.
Burst Frequency, expressed in Hz, defines the repetition rate of the bursts.
Burst / Interval Ratio, defines the ratio of the burst length to the interval between the bursts. The sum of
the burst and interval duration is the reciprocal of the burst frequency i.e. with a burst frequency set at 50
Hz and a burst / interval ratio of 1:5, the burst duration will be 20 * 1/6 = 3.3ms and the interval duration
will be 20 * 5/6 = 16.7ms.
4.1.3.5 Micro Current
Micro Current is a monophasic rectangular waveform with manually selectable or alternating polarity. See
fig 4.1.4.10 for a graphical representation. Many therapists prefer Micro Current therapy because of the
low current amplitudes used. Alternating polarity can be used to average out the DC component, thereby
reducing the formation of electrolysis by-products.
Parameters:
Frequency, expressed in Hz, is the number of cycles per second.
Alternation mode defines whether the polarity of the wave is automatically alternating or not.
Alternation Period, expressed in s, defines the polarity reversal timing in the alternating mode.
paragraph 8.2.5.6 for details. Surge programs are only available in the non alternating mode.
4.1.3.6 High Voltage
This current type has a twin peak monophasic waveform with a fixed duration of 64 µs between the two
voltage peaks. The amplitude is adjusted in volts rather than in mA. The short rise time and short duration
of each voltage peak (approximately 7 µs) is well suited to nerve stimulation and efficient discrimination
between sensory, motor and pain responses. The very short pulse duration of high voltage creates a
stimulation which is quite comfortable, and one which most patients can tolerate. The very short pulse
duration followed by a very long interpulse interval eliminates the formation of any appreciable chemical
or thermal effects in the tissue. High voltage is used for stimulating nerves and muscles, causing muscle
contractions. Examples for clinical use are to treat acute or chronic pain, edema absorption and ulcer
healing. Muscle contraction or motor response of isolated muscle groups, superficial or deep, can be
easily and comfortably stimulated. The relative comfort and depth of penetration may be the key for the
usefulness of high voltage stimulation in clinical conditions such as tendon transplants, joint mobilization
and muscle re-education.
12

Parameters:
Pulse Frequency, expressed in Hz or pps (pulses per second), defines the repetition rate of the twin
pulses. See 4.1.4.9 for details.
Frequency Modulation, expressed in %, defines a variable frequency range that is subtracted from the
Pulse frequency i.e. when the Pulse frequency is set to 80 Hz and the Frequency modulation is set to
50%, the final frequency will vary from 40 – 80 Hz.
Alternation Mode defines whether the polarity of the pulses is automatically alternating or not.
Alternation Period, expressed in seconds, defines the polarity reversal time in the alternating mode.
paragraph 8.2.5.6 for details. Surge programs are only available in the non alternating mode.
4.1.3.7 Diadynamic Currents
The Diadynamic currents were introduced by Bernard(2) and have won a significant position in the history
of European physiotherapy. They are now somewhat unfairly dismissed as outdated when compared with
Interferential currents or TENS. Diadynamic currents are mainly used for pain reduction and the
improvement of blood circulation.
Bernard uses the term ‘Diadynamic Current’ to refer to a monophase (MF – Monophasé Fixe) or double-
phase (DF – Diphasé Fixe) rectified alternating current. The frequency was directly derived from the
mains supply, resulting in sinusoidal pulses with a duration of 10ms. This phase time of 10ms will mainly
depolarize thick fibers. Stimulation of thin fibers can only be obtained at higher current amplitudes.
2 Bernard, Pierre D.
La thérapie diadynamique,
Paris, Editions ‘Physio’, 1962.
CAUTION:
• Diadynamic currents are monophasic currents that produce electrolysis by-products. These by-
products can result in burns beneath the electrodes. Always use properly moistened sponge /
electrode combinations to absorb these by-products during treatment. See paragraph 7.1.5 for
details.
The following variations are available:
4.1.3.7.1 MF (Monophasé Fixe)
Is a single phase rectified sinusoidal current with a frequency of 50 Hz. See fig 4.1.4.11.1 for details. MF
is a vibrating waveform that easily induces contractions.
4.1.3.7.2 DF (Diphasé Fixe)
Is a dual phase rectified sinusoidal current with a frequency of 100 Hz. See fig 4.1.4.11.2 for details. DF is
usually experienced as a slight vibration. It is a pleasant waveform that is often used as an introduction to
CP or LP.
4.1.3.7.3 LP (Longues Périodes)
Is a slow alternation between six seconds of MF current and a six-second DF current. In the DF phase
the intervals between the MF pulses are filled with additional pulses with gradually increasing and
decreasing amplitude. See fig 4.1.4.11.3 for details. LP is smoother than CP.
4.1.3.7.4 CP (Courtes Périodes)
Is a rapid alternation between one second of MF current and one second of DF current. See fig 4.1.4.11.4
for details. CP has a strong resorbing effect.
13

4.1.3.7.5 CPid
Is identical to CP, except that the current amplitude during the MF phase is 12.5% lower than during the
DF phase. See fig 4.1.4.11.5 for details. Normally a lower frequency is experienced to be more
aggressive than a higher frequency. CPid prevents this difference in sensation.
Parameters Diadynamic Currents:
paragraph 8.2.5.6 for details. Surge programs are only available with MF and DF.
4.1.3.8 Galvanic Current
4.1.3.8.1 Continuous Galvanic Current
Galvanic current works when combined with the correct ionized/electrically charged solutions, (i.e. they
are ions carrying either a positive or negative electrical charge, or will ionize with electricity).
This makes it possible to influence the skin's ability to absorb serums into the intracellular spaces in the
dermis. The absorption process is called iontophoresis because the electrical currents literally carry ions
into the tissues between the cells (see fig 4.1.4.8 for details).
CAUTION:
• The Direct Galvanic Current is a monophasic current that produces electrolysis by-products.
These by-products can result in burns beneath the electrodes. Always use properly moistened
sponge / electrode combinations to absorb these by-products during treatment. See paragraph
7.1.5 for details.
4.1.3.8.2 Interrupted Galvanic Current
The medium frequency interrupted galvanic current is a monophasic rectangular waveform with a pulse
frequency of 8000 Hz and a duty cycle of 90%. See fig 4.1.4.7 for details. As opposed to direct galvanic
current, the pulsed waveform provides increased patient comfort.
CAUTION:
• The MF interrupted galvanic current is a monophasic current that produces electrolysis by-
products. These by-products can result in burns beneath the electrodes. Always use properly
moistened sponge / electrode combinations to absorb these by-products during treatment. See
paragraph 7.1.5 for details.
4.1.3.9 Faradic Current
4.1.3.9.1 Faradic Rectangular or Triangular pulsed current
Faradic currents are often used for muscle stimulation applications that are based on prior diagnostics.
See fig 4.1.4.5.2 and 4.1.4.5.3 for the current waveforms. The diagnostic objective is to obtain information
on the sensitivity of the neuromuscular apparatus to electrical stimulation. This gives an indication of the
degree of denervation of the muscle tissue. With this technique the relationship between the current
amplitude and phase duration of a rectangular and triangular pulse is plotted in a strength/duration curve.
The strength/duration curve is recorded by observing the current amplitude required at various phase
duration values (ranging from 0.01 to 1000ms) that produce a just perceptible (i.e. just visible or palpable)
contraction of a muscle or muscle group. The values observed can be plotted on graph paper with a
logarithmic scale. In the case of reduced or absent sensitivity to electrical stimulation, the
strength/duration curve gives an indication of the current waveform, phase duration and current amplitude
of the electrical stimulus to be used in any therapy that may be applied.
CAUTION:
• Faradic currents are monophasic currents that produce electrolysis by-products. These by-
details.
Parameters:
14

Phase Duration, expressed in ms or s, is the elapsed time from the beginning to the end of the pulse
phase. See fig 4.1.4.5.2 and 4.1.4.5.3 for details.
Pulse Frequency, expressed in Hz or pps (pulses per second), defines the repetition rate of the current
pulses. See fig 4.1.4.5.2 and 4.1.4.5.3 for details.
4.1.3.9.2 Träbert, 2 – 5 Current
The 2-5 or ‘Ultra-Reiz’ current was introduced by Träbert.1 It is often used to treat headaches and neck
pain. The 2-5 current is a faradic rectangular pulsed current with a phase duration of 2ms and a phase
interval of 5ms. These settings are the default settings for the faradic rectangular current waveform and
result in a pulse frequency of approximately 143 Hz. Träbert offered no explanation for the choice of
these parameters. Nevertheless, many specialists have adopted the therapy and it is still applied with
success. A remarkable effect is that patienst are free from pain which can appear from just the first
treatment and which can last for several hours. See fig 4.1.4.5.1 for a graphical representation.
1 Träbert, H.
Ultra-Reizstrom, ein neues therapeutisches Phänomen,
Elektromedizin 2, 1957 (7).
CAUTION:
• Faradic currents are monophasic currents that produce electrolysis by-products. These by-
details.
Parameters:
Phase Duration, expressed in ms or s, is the elapsed time from the beginning to the end of the pulse
phase. The default setting is 2ms. See fig 4.1.4.5.1 for details.
Phase Interval, expressed in ms or s, is the elapsed time between successive pulse phases. The default
setting is 5ms. See fig 4.1.4.5.1 for details.
15

4.1.4 Illustrations Current Waveforms
4.1.4.1 Premodulated / Isoplanar vector / Dipole vector
fc Carrier frequency
fb Beat frequency 
4.1.4.2 Russian Stimulation
fc Carrier frequency
fB Burst frequency
4.1.4.3 Biphasic Pulsed Current TENS

4.1.4.4
4.1.4.4.1 Asymmetrical
t Phase duration
fp Pulse frequency


4.1.4.4.2 Asymmetrical Alternating

t Phase duration
fp Pulse frequency


4.1.4.4.3 Burst Asymmetrical

fB Burst frequency 
16

4.1.4.4.4 Burst Asymmetrical Alternating

4.1.4.4.5 Symmetrical
t Phase duration 
ti Phase interval
fp Pulse frequency

4.1.4.4.6 Burst Symmetrical









4.1.4.5 Faradic Current
4.1.4.5.1 Träbert, 2 – 5 Current
tp Phase duration: 2 ms
ti Phase interval: 5 ms

4.1.4.5.2 Rectangular Pulsed current
tp Phase duration
fp Pulse frequency
4.1.4.5.3 Triangular Pulsed Current
tp Phase duration
fp Pulse frequency


17

4.1.4.6 Galvanic Current
4.1.4.7 Galvanic Interrupted
f Carrier frequency - 8 kHz fixed
Duty cycle - 90 % fixed


4.1.4.8 Galvanic Continuous
4.1.4.9 High Voltage


t Peak interval - 64 µs fixed
fp Pulse frequency

4.1.4.10 Micro Current
f Frequency
4.1.4.11 Diadynamic Current
4.1.4.11.1 MF
4.1.4.11.2 DF
18

4.1.4.11.3 LP
4.1.4.11.4 CP
4.1.4.11.5 CPid
19

4.1.4.12 Modulation program
4.1.4.12.1 Modulation program 1/1
fp Pulse frequency 
fm Frequency modulation 
4.1.4.12.2 Modulation program 6/6 or 12/12
6 : 6 or 12 : 12
fm Frequency modulation
4.1.4.12.3 Modulation program 1/30
1 : 30
fm Frequency modulation 
4.1.4.13 Surge program parameters
tr Ramp up time 
th Hold time
tf Ramp down time
ti Interval time
td Delay time 
20

4.2 Intended Use Ultrasound therapy
Ultrasound is a mechanical energy consisting of high-frequency vibrations applied by means of an
ultrasound applicator. These vibrations pass through the tissue of the body and are gradually absorbed
and transformed into heat. The resulting temperature increase triggers biological changes to occur in the
tissue for the relief of pain, relaxation of muscle spasms and reduction of joint contractures.
4.2.1 Indications Ultrasound
• Ultrasound is indicated for conditions that benefit from the application of deep heat: relief of pain,
muscle spasms and joint contractures. The objective of therapeutic ultrasound in the treatment of
selected medical conditions associated with the chronic and sub chronic conditions of
bursitis/capsulitis, epicondylitis, ligament sprains, tendinitis, scar tissue healing and muscle strain,
is to reduce pain.
4.2.2 Contra-indications Ultrasound
• The established contra-indications to heat therapy itself

• In an area of the body where a malignancy is known to be present
• Over or near bone growth centers until bone growth is complete
• Over the thoracic area if the patient is using a cardiac pacemaker
• Over a healing fracture
• Over ischemic tissues in individuals with vascular disease where the blood supply would be
unable to follow the increase in metabolic demand and tissue necrosis might result
• In the presence of metal implants of any type
• Patients with sensory loss on the area to be treated
• The gonads or to the developing fetus
• The heart
• The brains
• The testicles
• The eyes
• Facial sinus as this exposes the eyes to the same hazards
• Ultrasound should not be used on unconscious patients
4.2.3 Precautions and Warnings Ultrasound
• Precaution should be taken when using therapeutic ultrasound on patients with hemorrhagic
diatheses.
• Ultrasound treatment presents a potential safety hazard in patients whose pain response has
been decreased because of disease, previous surgery, ionizing radiation therapy, chemotherapy,
general or regional anaesthesia. It may cause burns. Do not use on insensitive areas or in the
presence of poor circulation.
• Large thermal doses may result in regions of thermal aseptic necrosis which may not be apparent
on inspection of the skin.
4.2.4 Relevant Hazards Ultrasound
• Use of ultrasound in treating areas above the shoulders may pose relevant hazards. While it is
recognized that certain specific conditions involving the eyes can and have been treated by
specialists qualified by training, knowledge and experience to administer such treatments, such
application carries with it recognized hazards of applying heat to the eyes.
• Treatment of the facial sinus exposes the eyes to the same hazards.
• Treatment of the thyroid, as well as lymph nodes in the neck, may expose the patient to as yet
undetermined effects, in as much as the safety of such treatments has not yet been established.
21

4.2.5 Potential Adverse Effects Ultrasound
• Cataracts
• Male sterility
• Enhanced drug activity
• Thermal stress
4.2.6 Parameters ultrasound therapy
Ultrasound Frequency, expressed in MHz, is the frequency of the ultrasound waves. The ultrasound
frequency determines the penetration depth, which has the largest value at 1 MHz. The ultrasound
frequency can be set at 1 MHz or 3 MHz.
Duty Cycle, expressed in %, defines the ratio of the pulse duration to the pulse repetition time.
Ultrasound can be applied in pulsed or in continuous mode. When the Duty Cycle is set to 100%, the
apparatus operates in continuous mode.
Effective Radiation Area (ERA) expressed in cm², defines the cross-sectional area of the ultrasound
beam (See technical specifications for details). The Effective Radiation Area is fixed and defined by the
size of the ultrasound applicator.
Ultrasound Power is the ultrasound output expressed in W. The ultrasound output display can be
toggled between W and W/cm². In pulsed mode the power during the pulse is displayed. The time
averaged power can be obtained by multiplying this value with the Duty Cycle.
Ultrasound Amplitude, expressed in W/cm², is the quotient of Ultrasound Power and Effective Radiation
Area. The ultrasound output display can be toggled between W and W/cm². In pulsed mode the
Amplitude during the pulse is displayed. The time-averaged Amplitude can be obtained by multiplying this
value by the Duty Cycle.
4.3 Combination Therapy

Combination therapy is the combined application of ultrasound and electrical stimulation. With
combination therapy the metal surface of the ultrasound applicator becomes the negative electrical
stimulation electrode, while the lead wire with the red connector remains the positive electrical stimulation
electrode. Combination therapy is available with all current waveforms, but limited to channel 2.
Combination therapy is typically used for the reduction of muscle spasm.
The combined Contra-indications and Adverse Effects of paragraph 4.1 and 4.2 apply.
5 Package Contents
Device model:
The package contents depend on the device model ordered. The following models are available:
1498901 Sonopuls 490 with large ultrasound applicator

1498902 Sonopuls 490 with small ultrasound applicator
1498903 Sonopuls 490 with large and small ultrasound applicator
1498920 Endomed 482
1498950 Vacotron 460
Ultrasound models can be supplied with one or two ultrasound applicators:
22
1630905 Ultrasound Head Large - NCS S7010-R90B
1630915 Ultrasound Head Small - NCS S7010-R90B

Standard accessories 4-Series:
1498010 Device base (inclination support) (not for Vacotron 460)

3440001 Screwdriver
3444290 Power cord 250V/10A Europe-3x1 mm2 2.5 meter black
1498756 4-Series Information Booklet
1498757 4-Series Operating Instructions (cd rom)
Standard accessories ultrasound:
0167154 Information sheet ultrasound gel

0167314 Information sheet Mounting US Head Holder(s)
1498011 Holder for Ultrasound Head 4-Series - 1 for each ultrasound applicator
3442929(1) Contact-gel, bottle 250 ml, 1x
(1)
= The Sonopuls is delivered with 1 bottle of contact-gel. The article-number 3442929 however
represents a box of 12 bottles.
Standard accessories electrotherapy:
1460266 Moist pads for rubber electrodes 6x8 cm, set of 4 pcs.
3444020 Strap 100x3 cm
3444021 Strap 250x3 cm
2 x 3444129 Rubber electrodes 6x8 cm, 2 mm female, set of 2 pcs.
2 x 3444211 Patient cable 2-core & 2 mm male plugs - black, with coloured clips
Standard accessories vacuum:
2 x 3444503 Vacuum electrodes Ø 60 mm, set of 2 pcs.

3444505 Sponges Ø 65 mm, set of 4 (for vacuum electrodes Ø 60 mm)
2 x 3444507 Vacuum lead hose red
2 x 3444508 Vacuum lead hose black
6 Installation
6.1 Systems without a Vacotron
• Remove the 4-series device and any additional items ordered from the carton and inspect for
damage that may have occurred during shipment.
• Place the device on a desk or EN-Car. Ensure that there is sufficient air flow below the device (do
not place the device on a table-cover).
• If required, place the unit on the supplied inclination foot to improve display legibility
6.2 Systems with a Vacotron
• Remove the vacuum unit and any additional items ordered from the carton and inspect for
• Place the vacuum unit on a desk or EN-Car. Ensure that there is sufficient air flow below the
device (do not place the device on a table-cover)..
• Remove the 4-series device and any additional items ordered from the carton and inspect for
• Place the main device on top of the vacuum unit.
• Carefully lift the main device at the front and insert flat cable [17] into connector [18].
6.3 Connection to mains supply
• Insert the mains cable into socket [1] and connect it to a wall socket.
23

!CAUTION:
• Do not place the device in a location where the power cord could be tripped over or
pulled out during treatment.
• Do not attempt to use the device if it is not properly grounded. Make certain that the
device is electrically grounded by connecting it only to a grounded electrical service
receptacle conformable with the applicable national and local electrical codes regarding
medical environments.
• Set power line switch [1] On (1)

• Power LED indicator [5] is lit green indicating that the device is connected to the mains supply.
• Turn on the device with push button [4]
• The device will initialize and perform a self test. This may take a while.
• At the end of the self test the device enters the Home menu and is ready for use.
6.4 Disconnection from mains supply
Systems without a battery:
• When you have finished treatments turn the device off by setting the power line switch [1] to Off
(0). The device is now disconnected from the mains supply.
Systems with a battery:
• Turn off the device with push button [4]

• Power indicator LED [5] is still lit green, indicating that the device is still connected to the mains
supply and that the battery is being charged.
• Set power line switch [1] Off (0) to stop charging and to disconnect the unit from the mains
supply.
6.5 Placing the optional battery
• Remove the mains cable from the power line connector [1].
• Place the 4-Series device upside down and on a soft surface.
• Remove the two screws from the battery cover using the supplied screwdriver.
• Slide and lift the battery cover.
• Align the battery on the bottom of the main unit with the polarity of battery terminals in the correct
position. The polarity is marked at the bottom of the battery compartment.
• Locate the black wire and attach it to the – terminal of the battery.
!CAUTION:
• Do not interchange the black and red wires as this will damage your device.
• The battery contains material that is noxious to the environment. Observe the local
regulations when disposing of the battery. See also chapter 9.5.
• Due to the high current demand of ultrasound applications, we recommend to explicitly
use batteries supplied by Enraf-Nonius B.V. (part number 2501016).
• Locate the red wire and attach it to the + terminal of the battery.
• Slide the battery upside down into the battery compartment taking care that the wires do not get
jammed.
• Place and slide the battery cover back into position.
• Secure the battery cover with the two screws using the supplied screwdriver.
• Place the device back on its feet.
• Reconnect the mains cable to the power line connector [1].
6.6 Operation from battery
• Leave power line switch [1] in the Off position (0) and turn on the device on using push button [4].
24 •
•
Power LED indicator is lit orange, indicating that the device is operating from the battery.
The charge status of the battery is indicated in the right hand top corner of the display.

• When you have finished treatments turn off the device using push button [4].
With the power line switch [1] On (1), the battery is automatically charged, independent of the state of the
on/off push button [4]. We recommend to use the apparatus from the powerline whenever possible. This
will increase the service life of the battery.
7 Application Information
7.1 Electrotherapy
!CAUTION:
• Connection of accessories other than the ones specified by the manufacturer can adversely
affect the safety of the patient and correct functioning of the equipment, and is therefore not
permitted.
• To prevent infection, electrodes and sponge pads should not be used on broken skin.
7.1.1 Before treatment

• Check the patient for contra-indications and warnings as described in paragraph 4
• Test the heat sensibility of the treatment area.
• Rinse the treatment area. Shaving hairy skin is recommended.
7.1.2 Flexible rubber electrodes

We recommend using the flexible rubber electrodes in combination with the supplied sponge pads. When
properly moistened, the sponge pads ensure low impedance between the skin and the stimulator during
treatment and they are easily cleaned afterwards. Follow the guidelines below when using these
electrodes.
• Prior to initial use thoroughly rinse the sponge pads in warm tap water to remove the
impregnating agent.
• Before application saturate the sponge pads with tap water. In areas with soft tap water use a
saline solution instead. This will improve electrical conduction.
• The supplied sponge pads have three layers. With AC currents, apply one sponge layer between
the skin and the electrode for minimum resistance.
• With DC currents, apply two sponge layers between the skin and the electrode. Two layers
provide more absorbing capacity for electrolysis by-products.
• Fix the electrode/sponge pad assembly to the patient using the supplied fixation straps.
Depending on the electrode size, use two or three wraps to maximize the contact surface. See
the illustrations below.
• Use the stimulator in the Constant Current (CC) mode. This will maintain the set current
amplitude, even when the impedance of the sponge pads increases during treatment caused by
water evaporation.
• Keep the sponge pads well moistened during treatment, especially with DC currents. If the
current display starts blinking, it is an indication of poor electrical contact.
• After use clean the sponge pads as described in the User Maintenance instructions.
CAUTION: Do not use electrodes on open wounds
Wrong application of fixation straps, resulting Correct application of fixation straps, resulting
25
in poor electrical conductivity. in good electrical conductivity.

7.1.3 Vacuum electrodes
There is a choice of large and small electrodes. The areas of the electrodes correspond to those of the 4
x 6cm and 6 x 8cm flexible rubber electrodes. The vacuum electrodes are sufficiently flexible to ensure
optimum contact with the skin, but rigid enough to prevent any changes in the contour of the part being
treated, allowing full advantage to be taken of the massage effect of the pulsed vacuum.
Keep the sponge pads well moistened during treatment.
After use clean the sponge pads as described in the User Maintenance instructions.
7.1.4 Self-adhesive electrodes
Self-adhesive electrodes have higher series impedance than flexible rubber electrodes. This can cause
the stimulator to terminate treatment at higher current amplitudes. When this occurs it is recommended to
continue the treatment with flexible rubber electrodes, combined with properly moistened sponge pads.
Self-adhesive electrodes are not recommended for use with currents that contain a DC component.
CAUTION: Do not use electrodes on open wounds.
7.1.5 Electrolytic effects
Electrolysis occurs under the electrodes when current types with a DC component are applied. Because
the largest concentration of electrolytic by-products caused by ion migration occur under the electrodes,
we recommend the use of the supplied sponges to keep the effects to a minimum. Make sure that the
sponges are kept well moistened and place the thick side of the sponge between the flexible rubber
electrode and the patient.
7.1.6 Current density
In the particular standard for Electrical Nerve and Muscle Stimulators, IEC 60601-2-10, it is
recommended not to exceed a current density of 2 mA r.m.s. / cm², otherwise skin irritations or burns can
occur. For current types that contain a DC component we recommend not to exceed a current density of
0.2 mA / cm².
To find the maximum recommended current amplitude in mA for the Interferential, Premodulated and
Russian Stimulation current waveforms, multiply the electrode surface in cm² by two. For all other current
waveforms the stimulator output current can never exceed 50 mA r.m.s. This implies that with an
electrode surface of 25 cm² the current density can never exceed 2 mA r.m.s. / cm². As a rule of thumb
for smaller electrodes, such as the 3.2mm self adhesives, the maximum current setting available on the
stimulator for a given current waveform should proportionally be reduced.
For a precise calculation of the r.m.s. value of a pulsed current waveform the following formula can be used:
IRMS = Ipeak √ ( Phase duration [µs] * pulse frequency [Hz] * 106 )
For symmetrical TENS currents, the Phase duration should be multiplied by 2. The value of the peak current Ipeak
can be taken from the current display.
Electrodes should be placed with care, ensuring good electrical contact over the entire electrode surface.
7.1.7 Connection and disconnection reactions

Constant Current (CC) output characteristics may cause unpleasant connection and disconnection
reactions if the electrodes are not securely placed or lose contact with the skin. Make sure the current
amplitude is set to 0 mA when you apply or remove the electrodes. Use the Constant Voltage (CV) output
mode with dynamic electrode applications.
26

7.2 Ultrasound
7.2.1 Contact Control

The ultrasound applicator has a contact control function that suspends treatment when the acoustical
contact with the body drops below a certain level (see paragraph 10.1). The indicator light on the
applicator is turned on to signal this situation, the ultrasound Amplitude display will start blinking and the
treatment timer will stop counting down. During this situation the applicator emits a small amount of
energy to sense restoration of acoustical contact. You may experience this when the applicator only
partially contacts the body. When contact restoration is sensed the treatment is resumed at the set
Amplitude.
The contact control function does not work at Amplitudes below 0.2 W/cm².
7.2.2 The contact medium

To ensure efficient transfer of energy, a contact medium is required between the ultrasound applicator
and the body. Air causes virtually total reflection of the ultrasound energy. The best medium for the
transfer of ultrasound energy is a gel.
• The gel should be applied to the part of the body to be treated and then spread out with the ultrasound
applicator.
• Never apply the gel to the ultrasound applicator. The applicator will register this as acoustical contact
and may emit ultrasound energy, which could damage the applicator.
If the body surface is very irregular, making it difficult to obtain good contact between the ultrasound
applicator and the body, or if direct contact must be avoided (e.g. due to pain), the affected area may be
treated under water (subaqual method). The water should be degassed (by previous boiling) in order to
prevent air bubbles arising on the ultrasound applicator and the body.
7.2.3 Before treatment

• Check the patient for contra-indications. See section 4.2.2 for details.
• Test the warmth sensibility of the treatment area.
• To optimize ultrasound transmission, clean the skin of the treatment area with soap or a 70% alcohol
solution.
• Strong hair growth has to be shaved.
7.2.4 During treatment

• The ultrasound applicator has to be moved constantly, also with the semi-static method. During
treatment the displayed ultrasound Amplitude can vary around the set value, caused by fluctuations in
acoustical coupling.
• Ask the patient regularly for his/her findings. If necessary the treatment will have to be adapted. The
Amplitude can be reduced or the continuous mode can be changed to pulsed mode or vice versa.
• When there are signs that the ultrasound transmission is bad, add more contact gel or spread it with
the applicator.
CAUTION:
• The ultrasound applicator is a precision instrument. Great care has been taken during the
development and in production to obtain the best possible beam characteristics. Rough treatment
(jarring or dropping) can adversely affect these characteristics, and must therefore be avoided.
7.2.5 After treatment

• Clean the skin of the patient and the ultrasound applicator with a towel or tissue. Clean the applicator
with a 70% alcohol solution.
• Check for the effects that can be expected (for example pain, circulation and mobility).
• Ask the patient to inform the therapist of any reactions.
7.3 Vacuum
Vacuum electrodes make good contact with the skin, which means that effective use is made of the whole
electrode area. The massage effect resulting from the pulsed vacuum ensures a good blood flow through
the skin under the electrodes. This reduces the resistance of the skin and increases he effectiveness of
the stimulation current.
27

• See paragraph 7.1.3 for the application of the vacuum electrodes.
• When you use only one vacuum channel, close the other channel with one of the vacuum cables
not in use.
• See paragraph 8.2.3.4 for operating the vacuum unit.
8 Operating Instructions
8.1 Operator Controls
[1] Power line switch

0 Device disconnected from mains supply
1 Device connected to mains supply
[2] Connector for mains cable
Type number/warning sticker

Provides information on the apparatus, such as type and serial number, as well as connection data such
as mains voltage and maximum current consumption.
[3] Remote Control connection

This connection has two functions.
1 Attachment of optional remote control unit. Used to remotely adjust the output current on the
electrotherapy channels or to stop the treatment on all channels.
2 Attachment of a USB-stick. Used for software updates and to store-up user data.
! WARNING:
• Do not connect externally powered USB devices or other information technology equipment as
this can adversely affect the safety of the patient.
28

!CAUTION:
• The supply current of this connection is limited to 100 mA. Do not connect USB mass storage
devices such as USB powered hard disks, as this might result in data loss. Only USB-sticks are
allowed.
[4] On/Off push button:

This button is used to turn the device On or Off
[5] Power LED indicator:

Green: Device connected to mains supply. When a battery is present, it is charged.
Orange: Device operating from battery
[6] Display with Touch screen technology:
[7] Central controller with light ring

Use this controller to scroll through the pages and to adjust the parameters. The light ring is illuminated
when the controller is ready to use.
[8] Connection Electrode Cable Electrotherapy channel 1
[9] Connection Electrode Cable Electrotherapy channel 2
[10] Connection Ultrasound applicator A
[11] Connection Ultrasound applicator B


!CAUTION:
• Connection of accessories other than the ones specified by the manufacturer can adversely
affect the safety of the patient and correct functioning of the equipment, and is therefore not
permitted. For combined applications only use Enraf-Nonius type BF equipment. The very low
leakage current of this type of equipment ensures absolute safe therapy.
• The ultrasound applicator is a precision instrument. Great care has been taken during the
development and in production to obtain the best possible beam characteristics. Rough treatment
(jarring or dropping) can adversely affect these characteristics, and must therefore be avoided.
[12] Connections Vacuum Cables Electrotherapy channel 1
[13] Connections Vacuum Cables Electrotherapy channel 2
[14] Interconnection cable vacuum unit to main unit
[15] Upper hose nipple
!CAUTION:
Connections [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] are intended for the connection of type BF applied parts
complying with the leakage current requirements of IEC 60601-1.
29

8.2 Basic Operation
8.2.1 Device turn on
• Turn on the apparatus as described in paragraph 6.3
8.2.2 Display Organization
The display is organized as a spreadsheet of 3 sheets, one for each channel. The channels refer to the
patient connector groups accessible at the front of the unit. A sheet can be selected by touching its tab.
The tab shows important information, such as the output amplitude and the remaining treatment time.
This information is continuously visible, also when the sheet is not selected.
[a] Device name.
[b] Navigation level. Shows where you reside in the

navigation.
[c] Battery indicator (only visible when operating from the

battery).
[d] Navigation bar. Provides screen dependent buttons for

several functions. See paragraph 8.2.5.1 for details.
[e] Screen header. Shows the name of the screen, such

as Manual Operation or a the name of the selected
Clinical Protocol.
[f] Parameters are indicated with icons. When a

parameter is selected its name appears here.
[g] Screen body. Shows the parameters of a selected

channel or, when no channels are selected, the menu
buttons.
[h] Channel tab. Used to select a channel and to display

and adjust the output amplitude of that channel. See
A selected sheet gives an overview of the parameters belonging to that channel. A parameter can be
selected by touching it, which causes its colour to be changed into silver and the light ring around the
central controller [7] to be illuminated. The parameter can now be adjusted with the central controller [7].
The parameter can be closed by touching it again or by touching another parameter.
30

To adjust the output amplitude of a channel, touch the tab of the selected channel again. Its colour will
change into orange. The output amplitude can now be adjusted with the central controller [7].
For some applications, such as interferential therapy and combination therapy, two adjacent channels can
be linked. Linked channels are indicated by a combined tab. The tab halves show the output amplitude of
each channel, while the parameters on the remainder of the sheet apply to both channels.
When you turn on the unit, you will first enter the Home menu. In the Home menu none of the channels
are selected. The Home menu provides a structured access to all therapies available within the unit, with
appropriate parameter defaults. Just select a menu item by touching the button to navigate to the next
screen. You can navigate back to the previous screen by touching the back arrow at the top of the
screen. Anywhere in the navigation, you can jump back to the Home menu, by touching the home button.
8.2.3 Navigation
8.2.3.1 Electrotherapy
Home
The Home menu gives access to all functions of the unit. Select the
desired function or therapy by touching the button
The next screen appears
Electrotherapy “Clinical Protocols”
The electrotherapy menu gives access to functions

• Clinical Protocols
• Favorites
• Manual Operation
• Programming
Select Clinical Protocols by touching the button
Use the central controller to scroll through the list and select the
clinical protocol by touching the button.
The channel selection screen appears.
For therapy information touch the info button on the left side of the
protocol and the therapy info will appear.
31

Therapy information
Use the central controller to scroll through the pages, in most cases
the first page is text followed by one or more illustrations.
Touch the accept button  in the navigation bar.
The channel selection screen appears.
Channel Selection
Here you can select the channels for electrotherapy.

When channel 1 is selected, channel 2 is still available for another
therapy
When Channel 1+2 is selected both channels have the same
parameters. Only the intensity can be set differently.
Parameter screen (therapy screen)
In this screen the user can adjust the intensity or change the
parameter by touching the button and changing the value with the
central controller.
If there is a vacuum unit available the user can set the vacuum
settings direct from the menu.
Intensity setting
To set the intensity, touch sheet 1 (Channel1)

Read-out change to orange color and adjust with the central
controller
Timer starts count-down.
32

Electrotherapy “Manual Operation”
The electrotherapy menu gives access to functions

• Favorites
• Programming
Select Manual Operation by touching the button
Select from the list a current waveform

Scroll to the next page with the central controller [7] or select the
current waveform by touching the button
Note: some of these selections are groups and in the next screen
another list appears from which the current wave can be selected.
Channel Selection
Here you can select the channels for electrotherapy.

When channel 1 is selected, channel 2 is still available for another
therapy
When Channel 1+2 is selected both channels have the same
parameters. Only the intensity can be set differently
Parameter screen
Adjust the parameters by touching the button and change the value
with the central controller [7]
Note: some parameters are grouped and in the next screen the
settings can be changed the same way as above
33

Treatment time adjustment
Touch the timer button, the color changes into silver and adjust the
treatment time with the central controller [7]
Repeat this for all other parameters.
Start the therapy by adjusting the intensity with the central controller
[7]
• To pause the treatment, touch the pause button in the navigation

bar
• To continue the treatment touch the run button in the navigation
bar
• To Stop the treatment touch the STOP button in the navigation
bar
8.2.3.2 Ultrasound Therapy

The Home menu gives access to all functions of the unit.
Select in the Home menu ultrasound therapy by touching the button

“Ultrasound Therapy”
Ultrasound Therapy “Clinical Protocols”
The Ultrasound Therapy menu gives access to functions

• Favorites
Select Clinical Protocols by touching the button
Use the central controller to scroll through the list and select the
clinical protocol by touching the button.
For therapy information touch the info button left of the protocol and
the therapy info will appear.
34

Therapy information
Use the central controller [7] to scroll through the pages, in most
cases the first page is text followed by one or more illustrations.
The parameter screen appears.
The parameter screen appears.
The count-down starts when the contact control is de-activated

Parameters can always be changed, before or during the treatment
8.2.3.3 Combination Therapy
This therapy combines ultrasound and electrotherapy.
The Home menu gives access to all functions of the unit. Select in
the Home menu combination therapy by touching the button
“Combination Therapy”
35

The Combination menu gives access to functions
• Favorites
Select Manual Operation by touching the button
Select in this menu the current waveform by touching the button
Adjust the current parameters and treatment time

• Touch the parameter button and adjust with the central controller
[7]
• Select the ultrasound button to adjust the ultrasound parameters
• Touch the electrotherapy button to return to the previous screen
36

• Touch the ultrasound read-out and adjust the intensity with the
central controller [7]
• Touch the current read-out channel 2 to adjust the current
intensity. (electrode and treatment head need to be in contact
with the patient)
8.2.3.4 Vacuum
If a unit is equipped with a Vacotron it’s possible to select either
rubber electrodes or vacuum cups.
• Touch the – button and adjust the pressure using the central
controller [7]. The vacuum cups are automatically selected when
the pump starts to run.
Continuous – Pulsed mode

• Touch the – button and select the desired massage rhythm
using the central controller [7]. You can choose between
Continuous, Pulsed mode 1 s and Pulsed mode 2 s.
8.2.3.5 Storing Favorites

When a treatment screen is completely set as required, its settings
can be stored in a favorite for later use:
• As long as the treatment has not been started, a Store button
is available on the navigation bar.To store your settings,
touch the Store button.
37

• Enter the name of your favorite using the keyboard.
• Touch  to store your favorite under the name just entered.
Notes:
• Once saved, favorites can be retrieved from the
Electrotherapy, Ultrasound Therapy and Combination
Therapy menus.
• 4-polar treatments are automatically saved and loaded as a
dual channel treatment.
• Vacuum settings are not saved.
8.2.3.6 Programming a Sequential Protocol

A sequential protocol consists of a series of treatment steps that are
executed in a sequence until the end of the protocol is reached.
• Select Programming in the electrotherapy menu
• When a treatment screen is completely set as required, touch the

“next” button to add a next step.
• Continue with the remaining treatment steps until you have
reached the end of your protocol.
• Touch the Store button in the navigation bar.
• Enter the name of your sequential protocol as described in
paragraph 8.2.3.5.
Sequential protocols are stored under the Favorite menu.
8.2.3.7 System Settings
The Home menu gives access to all functions of the unit. Select in
the Home menu System Settings by touching the button “System
Settings”
38

In this screen you can personalize the unit. Several settings can be
changed or adjusted.
• Language, touch the language button and select the desired
langue using the central controller [7]. Touch the language
button again or touch another button to confirm.
• Brightness, here you can change the intensity of the backlight of
the screen.
• Repeat this for all other options in the System Settings menu.
• Touch the Back arrow in the navigation bar to return to the Home
menu.
8.2.4 Shutting device down
Turn off the device as described in paragraph 6.4.
8.2.5 Operating Details
8.2.5.1 Navigation Bar
The following buttons can appear in the navigation bar [d].
Button Meaning
Back, return to previous screen.
Home, return to Home screen.
Page number / number of pages in multi page menu screens or treatment step number /
number of treatment steps in sequential protocols.
Store therapy settings or a programmed sequential protocol in a favorite.
Delete Favorite.
Pause treatment. The output current decreases to 0 and the treatment timer suspends
counting down.
Start/Continue treatment. The output current increases to the previous value and the
treatment timer resumes counting down.
Accept the selected option.
Emergency Stop. Stop treatment on all channels simultaneously.
8.2.5.2 Channel Tab Information
[g] [h] [i]

Channel Tab Illustration
[j] [k]
[g] Output Indicator Standard electrodes
Vacuum electrodes
Ultrasound Applicator A
39

Ultrasound Applicator B
[h] Channel Status Channel stopped
Channel paused
Channel running
[i] Remaining treatment time. When a sequential protocol has been loaded, the value indicates the
total remaining treatment time of the sequential protocol.
[j] Output value
[k] Unit of Output value: µA, mA, V, W, W/cm2
8.2.5.3 Adjusting current amplitude
To adjust the output current, touch the tab of the selected channel. Its colour will change to orange, after
which the current amplitude can be set with the central controller [7].
The current amplitude can only be adjusted when the clock has been set.
With 4 polar interferential current waveforms the current amplitude operates on both channels
simultaneously. In this case a balance facility is available for the classical interferential current waveform
(see paragraph 4.1.3 for details).
The unity of the displayed current amplitude depends on the previously selected current waveform and
can be expressed in mA, µA or V.
A treatment is started by adjusting the current amplitude, unless a surge program has been selected. To
start a surge program, touch the Start/Continue button in the navigation bar (8.2.5.6).
8.2.5.4 CC/CV mode
Depending on the selected current waveform, the electrotherapy channels can be used in the Constant
Current or Constant Voltage mode. It is advised to use the CV mode with dynamic electrode applications.
In CV mode the output current depends on the electrical contact with the patient and can therefore vary.
You can change the CC/CV setting in the parameter menu.
8.2.5.5 Current polarity
When DC currents are used, the red connection is the positive connection and the black one the
negative connection.
Manually changing the polarity during a treatment will result in a current decaying to 0, followed by a
current with the opposite polarity, rising to a value equal to 80% of the previous value.
8.2.5.6 Surge Programs
Surge programs allow you to program sequential increases and decreases in current amplitude. See fig
4.1.4.13 for details. Surge programs should not be confused with protocols:
• A single treatment step of a protocol could contain a surge program.
With independent channel operation the surge programs run independently over both channels. They can
independently be enabled and their parameters can individually be set. When the current channels are
linked, the surge programs are also linked, which implies that their parameters have identical values. In
this case a delay time can be set between the start of the surge on channel 1 and channel 2.
A treatment with a Surge Program is started by first finding the desired current amplitude. During this time
the system pauses. When the current amplitude has been established, the treatment can be started by
touching the Start/Continue button in the navigation bar.
40 Parameters:

Ramp-up time, expressed in s, defines the time in a surge program during which the current is increased
from 0 to the adjusted level. See fig 4.1.4.13 for details. The ramp-up time can be adjusted in increments
of 0.1s.
Hold time, expressed in s, defines the time in a surge program during which the current is kept at the
adjusted level. See fig 4.1.4.13 for details. The hold time can be adjusted in increments of 1s.
Ramp-down time, expressed in s, defines the time in a surge program during which the current is
decreased from the adjusted level to 0. See fig 4.1.4.13 for details. The ramp down time can be adjusted
in increments of 0.1s.
Interval time, expressed in s, defines the time in a surge program during which the current is kept at 0.
See fig 4.1.4.13 for details. The interval time can be adjusted in increments of 1s.
Delay time, expressed in s, defines the time delay between the start of the surge program on channel 1
and channel 2. See fig 4.1.4.13 for details. The delay time can be adjusted in increments of 0.1 s.
Beep, if enabled, generates a short beep at the start of each surge.
9 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

9.1 Cleaning and Disinfection
9.1.1 Cleaning of apparatus

To clean the unit, turn it off and unplug the power supply. Clean the unit with a damp cloth. Do not use
abrasive cleaners. A small amount of mild household detergent may be used, if needed.
9.1.2 Cleaning display panel

Use a soft and dry cotton cloth or micro fiber tissue to clean the panel. To remove fingerprints or grease,
use a non-abrasive glass cleaning agent. Apply a small amount of the cleaning agent to a soft cotton
cloth and then carefully clean the panel.
CAUTION:
• Do not spray the cleaning agent directly on the glass panel.

• Do not use cleaning agents that contain strong alkalis, lye, acid, detergents with fluoride or
detergents with ammonia.
9.1.3 Electrodes and accessories

Between patient uses, the rubber electrodes should be cleaned with lukewarm water. To disinfect the
electrodes or to remove stubborn stains of dirt, use a 70% alcohol solution. The alcohol solution can
cause the black color to be stained, but this does not affect the operation of the electrodes.
Between patient uses, the sponge pads should be washed in warm water, using a household cleaning
agent. After washing they must be rinsed with clear water, thoroughly drained and then dried. Damaged
sponge pads should be replaced.
9.1.4 Patient cable

Clean the patient cable with a damp cloth. Use lukewarm water and a non-abrasive household cleaning
agent. Do not use an alcohol solution. Check the cable regularly for damages and/or bad electrical
contact. We advise, keeping a spare patient cable in stock.
9.1.5 Ultrasound applicator

To prevent corrosion, clean and dry the contact surface immediately after use. Make sure that no
ultrasound gel remains on the applicator. We further recommend cleaning the applicator and cable daily,
using lukewarm water. The applicator can be disinfected using a cloth moistened with a 70% alcohol
41
solution. Check the applicator and cable regularly for damage.

9.1.6 Vacuum electrodes and sponges
The vacuum electrodes and sponges should be cleaned with lukewarm water. In the case of persistent
dirt, and for disinfection, a 70% alcohol solution may be used.
Sponges should be replaced regularly. It is recommended to keep sponges and a spare electrode in
stock.
Calcium scale can be deposited on the metal surfaces of the electrodes. This has an insulating effect. In
order to maintain optimum conductivity, these surfaces should be regularly cleaned and polished.
9.1.7 Vacuum cables
Clean the vacuum cable with a damp cloth. Use lukewarm water and a non-abrasive household cleaning
agent. Do not use an alcohol solution. Check the cable regularly for damages and/or bad electrical
contact. We advise, keeping a spare vacuum cable in stock.
9.1.8 Cleaning the water reservoir and hoses:
• Detach the vacuum cups from the vacuum cables.

• Place a container filled with a cleaning liquid (1) below the system.
• Place the peripheral ends of the cables in the container.
• Go to System Settings and select Tank Cleaning.
• The water reservoir will be filled with the cleaning liquid until the water reservoir is full.
• Empty the water reservoir as described in 9.2.4.
(1)
The following registered products may be used for disinfecting the water reservoir:
BAKTOLAN to 5%, CHINOSOL to 1%, CHLORAMIN solution, ELMOCID Gamma to 2%, MEFAROL to
1%, MERCKOJOD to 1%, MERFEN, PERHYDROL, PERODIN, SAGROTAN to 2%, ZEPHIROL to
5%.
9.2 Warning Messages, Error Messages and Troubleshooting
9.2.1 Error code

When the apparatus is turned on, it will first execute a self test. When an error is detected, both during the
self test and during normal operation, a pop-up screen will appear on the display. When the error is
displayed, all outputs will be disabled. When this situation occurs, remove all cables and switch the
apparatus off and switch it on again. When the error re-appears, stop using the device and contact your
supplier.
9.2.2 Patient Circuit Interrupted

There is insufficient or no output current available at the outputs. Possible causes:
• Poor electrical contact or broken patient cable.
• Insufficiently moistened sponges. If necessary, use a saline solution to improve the electrical
conductivity of the water.
• Too high current amplitude with self adhesive electrodes. Try to continue the treatment with
flexible rubber electrodes.
If the problem occurs in CC mode, the current amplitude will ramp down to 0 and will have to be
readjusted when the problem has been solved.
If none of the above scenarios appear to be the problem, stop using the device and contact your supplier.
9.2.3 Battery Low
The battery is insufficiently charged to complete the treatment at the currently set therapy levels. Reduce
the therapy levels or connect the apparatus to the mains supply.
42

9.2.4 Water Reservoir Full
The water separation tank of the Vacotron is full. Continue the treatment with the standard electrodes or
empty the tank as follows:
• Set power line switch [1] Off (0).
• Detach the hose from the upper hose nipple [15] and empty the reservoir.
• Reattach the hose to the hose nipple.
• Set power line switch [1] On (1).
9.2.5 Vacuum Leak
There probably is a leak in the vacuum system. This error is usually preceded by a continuously running
pump trying to reach the set vacuum. To protect the system, the pump is automatically stopped after a
certain amount of time. Inspect the vacuum cables and electrodes, set the vacuum back to zero and try
again. If the failure persists, stop using the device and contact your supplier.
9.2.6 Ultrasound Applicator Error
The ultrasound applicator has reported an error. Disconnect the device, wait some time and reconnect it.
If the error persists, stop using the device and contact your supplier.
9.2.7 Insufficient DC Supply
This problem can sometimes occur with the small ultrasound applicator when operating from the battery.
If possible, continue the treatment with reduced therapy levels or connect the apparatus to the mains
supply.
9.3 User Maintenance
9.3.1 Optimize Contact Control Ultrasound Applicator
When you experience difficulties with the contact control function of the ultrasound applicator you can try
to resolve the problem as follows:
• Ensure that the surface of the ultrasound applicator is clean and dry.
• Place the ultrasound applicator in the holder.
• Go to System Settings -> Maintenance and select Optimize Applicator A or B.
• Touch the OK-button when the operation is complete.
9.3.2 Back-up and Restore Favorites
When you have programmed and stored several Favorites, you might want to make a back-up on an
external storage device. To store your favorites, proceed as follows:
• Attach a USB-stick to the remote control connection [3]. Read and obey the warnings and
cautions mentioned in paragraph 8.1.
• Go to Systems Settings -> Maintenance and select Back-up Favorites.
• If an error occurs during the back-up operation, i.e. USB-stick full, this will be displayed in a pop-
up message.
• Detach the USB-stick
To restore your favorites:
• Attach the USB-stick containing your Favorites to the remote control connection [3]. Read and
obey the warnings and cautions mentioned in paragraph 8.1.
• Go to Systems Settings -> Maintenance and select Restore Favorites.
• If an error occurs during the restore operation, i.e. no favorites found, this will be displayed in a
43
pop-up message.

9.3.3 Firmware Update
If your system requires a Firmware Update, contact your supplier to obtain a USB-stick containing the
latest firmware version. Your current firmware version can be viewed under System Settings. To update
your firmware proceed as follows:
• Attach the USB-stick containing the firmware to the remote control connection [3]. Read and obey
the warnings and cautions mentioned in paragraph 8.1.
• Go to Systems Settings -> Maintenance and select Update Firmware.
• If an error occurs during the update operation, i.e. no firmware found, this will be displayed in a
pop-up message.
9.4 Technical Maintenance
On request a service manual can be made available containing: spare part list, descriptions, calibration
instructions and other information which will assist the user’s qualified technical personnel to repair those
parts of the equipment which are designated by the manufacturer as repairable.
CAUTION:
• Electrical safety of the device relies on a properly earthed electrical connection via the power
cord. It is therefore necessary to have this connection checked annually.
• To ensure continued compliance with the 21 CFR 1050.10 standard, this unit should be adjusted
and safety tested once each year. Procedures laid down in the service manual should be
followed. This may be carried out by your supplier, or by another agency, authorized by the
manufacturer. It is also recommended that a service history record is maintained. In some
countries this is even obligatory.
• Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein
may result in hazardous exposure to ultrasonic energy.
WARNING:
• This unit operates with high voltages. No attempt should be made to disassemble the unit.
Maintenance and repair should be carried out by authorized personnel only. The manufacturer
will not be held responsible for the results of maintenance or repairs by unauthorized persons.
All other technical maintenance is restricted to authorized Enraf-Nonius maintenance personnel.
Authorized service personnel can make use of
1498770 Service manual 4-series
9.5 End of life
The 4-series contains materials that can be recycled and/or are noxious to the environment. Specialized
companies can dismantle the unit and sort out these materials. When you dispose of the unit, find out
about local regulations concerning waste management.
44

10 Specifications
10.1 Ultrasound parameters
Continuous ultrasound
 Explanation of symbols:
f Ultrasonic radiation with an

acoustic working frequency of 1
or 3 MHz
fp Pulse repetition rate
dc Duty cycle
t Pulse duration
Pulsed ultrasound

 Ultrasound parameters:
f Acoustic working frequency: 1MHz or 3MHz
fp Pulse repetition rate: 16, 48 and 100 Hz
dc Duty cycle: 5 – 80 %
t Pulse duration: 0.5 – 8 ms, set by duty cycle
RTPA 20 – 1.25
Amplitude Duty cycle Pulse RTPA Amplitude Duty cycle Pulse RTPA
modulation duration modulation duration
16Hz 5% 3.1ms 20 48Hz 50% 10.4ms 2
16Hz 10% 6.3ms 10 48Hz 80% 16.7ms 1.25
16Hz 20% 12.5ms 5 48Hz 100%* 20.8ms 1
16Hz 33% 20.6ms 3 100Hz 5% 0.5ms 20
16Hz 50% 31.3ms 2 100Hz 10% 1ms 10
16Hz 80% 50ms 1.25 100Hz 20% 2ms 5
16Hz 100%* 62.5ms 1 100Hz 33% 3.3ms 3.33
48Hz 5% 1ms 20 100Hz 50% 5ms 2
48Hz 10% 2.1ms 10 100Hz 80% 8ms 1.25
48Hz 20% 4.2ms 5 100Hz 100%* 10ms 1
48Hz 33% 6.9ms 3.33
* = continuous mode
Generator
Peak output Amplitude:
Duty cycle 5 – 50 % : 0 – 3 W/cm²
Duty cycle 80 % : 0 – 2.5 W/cm²
Duty cycle 100 % : 0 – 2 W/cm² (continuous wave)
Peak output power for 5 cm² applicator:

Duty cycle 5 – 50 % : 0 – 15 W
Duty cycle 80 % : 0 – 12 W
Duty cycle 100 % : 0 – 10 W (continuous wave)
Peak output power for 0.8 cm² applicator:

Duty cycle 5 – 50 % : 0 – 2.4 W
Duty cycle 80 % : 0–2W
Duty cycle 100 % : 0 – 1.6 W (continuous wave)
45

Output meter uncertainty : ± 20 % for any output above 10 % of maximum
Pulse frequency : 16, 48 and 100 Hz ± 1 %

Duty cycle : 5 – 80 % and 100 % (100 % is continuous wave)
Pulse duration : 0.5 – 8 ms ± 10 % (set by duty cycle)
Temporal Peak to Average Ratio (RTPA) :20 – 1.25 ± 10 % (set by duty cycle)
Treatment timer : 0 - 30 min ± 0.1 min, linked to contact control

Contact control level : 65%
5 cm² Applicator
Ultrasound frequency:
1 MHz : 0.98 MHz ± 2 %
3 MHz : 3.1 MHz ± 2 %
ERA (Effective Radiation Area):
IEC 60601-2-5: 2000 : 4 cm2
21 CFR 1050.10 : 5 cm2
Beam type:
1 MHz : Collimating
3 MHz : Collimating
BNR (Beam Non-uniformity Ratio) : 6:1 maximum
Side radiation : 10 mW/cm² maximum
0.8 cm² Applicator

Ultrasound frequency:
1 MHz : 0.98 MHz ± 2 %
3 MHz : 3.1 MHz ± 2 %
ERA (Effective Radiation Area):
IEC 60601-2-5: 2000 : 4 cm2
21 CFR 1050.10 : 5 cm2
Beam type:
1 MHz : Collimating
3 MHz : Diverging
BNR (Beam Non-uniformity Ratio) : 6:1 maximum
Side radiation : 10 mW/cm² maximum
Description of ultrasound area

The spatial distribution of the radiated field is a collimated beam (diverging for the 0.8 cm² applicator at 3
MHz) of ultrasound energy, with a decreasing Amplitude at increasing distance from the applicator
surface. This field distribution applies to the radiation emitted into the equivalent of an infinite medium of
distilled, degassed water at 30 ºC and with line voltage variations in the range of ± 10% of the rated
value. The ultrasonic beam is characterized by the Effective Radiation Area (ERA) and the Beam Non-
uniformity Ratio (BNR).
The Effective Radiation Area is the cross-sectional area of the ultrasound beam. Its value can be set
under System Settings (8.2.3.7) and depends on the ultrasound standard used:
• International: IEC 60601-2-5: 2000
• USA: 21 CFR 1050.10
The Beam Non-uniformity Ratio is the ratio of the maximum ultrasound Amplitude to the average
ultrasound Amplitude, measured at the Effective Radiation Area. A low BNR value is indicative for the
absence of high and potentially dangerous energy concentrations.
10.2 Stimulator output parameters
Electrotherapy general
Channels : 2
Output characteristics : Constant Current (CC) or Constant Voltage (CV), except for
High Voltage (CV) and Microcurrent (CC).
Current amplitude range : Depending on current waveform
Current amplitude resolution : 0.2 mA
46 Treatment timer
Polarity reversion direct currents
: 0 - 60 minutes
: manual

The maximum current amplitude within the specification is achieved up to a load of 500 Ω (CC).
Surge program
With some current waveforms a surge program is available.
The parameters and their range are as follows:
Ramp-up time : 0 - 9 s, in steps of 1s
Hold time : 0 - 60 s, in steps of 1 second
Ramp-down time : 0 - 9 s, in steps of 1s
Interval time : 0 - 120 s, in steps of 1 second
Delay time : 0.1 - 80 s, below 10s in steps of 0.1s, otherwise in steps of 1s
Interferential, 4 polar
Carrier Frequency : 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 kHz
Beat Frequency (AMF) : 0 – 200 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Frequency Modulation (spectrum) : 0 - 180 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Modulation program : 1/1, 6/6, 12/12, 1/30/1/30 s
Amplitude : 0 - 100 mA
Isoplanar vector
Frequency Modulation (spectrum) : 0 – 180 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Dipole Vector Automatic

Rotation time : 1 - 10 s in steps of 1 s
Dipole Vector Manual

Frequency Modulation (spectrum) : 0 – 180 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Modulation Program : 1/1, 6/6, 12/12, 1/30/1/30 s
Resolution vector : 2.25° per step (160 steps over 360°)
Asymmetrical
Phase Duration : 10 - 400 µs in steps of 5 µs
Pulse Frequency : 1 - 200 Hz, in steps of 1 Hz
Frequency Modulation : 0 – 180 Hz, in steps of 1 Hz
Surge Program : Yes
Asymmetrical Alternating
Frequency Modulation : 0 – 180 Hz, in steps of 1 Hz
Surge Program : Yes
Burst Asymmetrical
Burst Frequency : 1 – 9 Hz, in steps of 1 Hz
Burst Asymmetrical Alternating

Phase Duration
Pulse Frequency
: 10 - 400 µs in steps of 5 µs
: 1 - 200 Hz, in steps of 1 Hz
47

Symmetrical
Surge Program : Yes
Burst Symmetrical
Premodulated
Beat Frequency : 0 - 200 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Surge Program : Yes
Russian Stimulation
Burst frequency : 0 - 100 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Burst / Pause : 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5
Surge Program : Yes
High Voltage (Twin Pulse)

Frequency : 1- 200 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Frequency Modulation (spectrum) : 0 – 180 Hz in steps of 1 Hz, sum of Pulse frequency and
Frequency Modulation can not exceed 200 Hz
Surge Program : Yes
Polarity : Positive or Negative
Amplitude : 0 – 500 Volt in steps of 1V
High Voltage Alternating (Twin Pulse)

Frequency : 1 – 200 Hz in steps of 1 Hz
Frequency Modulation (spectrum) : 0 – 180 Hz in steps of 1 Hz, sum of Pulse frequency and
Frequency Modulation can not exceed 200 Hz
Alternating Period : 10 -100 seconds in steps of 10
Ramp-in, ramp out : 0,5 seconds
Amplitude : 0 – 500 Volt in steps of 1 Volt
Micro Current
Frequency : 0 – 1000 Hz
Surge Program : Yes
Amplitude : 10 µA - 1 mA in steps of 10 µA
Micro Current Alternating

Frequency : 0 – 1000 Hz
Alternating Period : 0,2 – 20 seconds, 0,2 – 1 s in steps of 0,1s, 1 – 20 s in steps of 1
s.
Ramp-in, ramp out : 0 seconds
Amplitude : 10 µA - 1 mA in steps of 10 µA
48 Diadynamic current
Settings : MF, DF, CP, LP en CPid

Surge Program : on MF and DF
MF interrupted galvanic current

Frequency : 8000 Hz
Duty cycle : 90%
Direct Galvanic current

Amplitude : 0 – 40 mA
Faradic Rectangular Pulsed Current

Phase Duration : 0.02 – 1000 ms
Pulse Frequency : 0.2 – 1 Hz in steps of 0.1 Hz, 1 – 200 in steps of 1 Hz
Surge Program : Yes
Faradic Triangular Pulsed Current

Phase duration : 0.1 – 1000 ms
Pulse Frequency : 0.2 – 1 Hz in steps of 0.1 Hz, 1 – 200 in steps of 1 Hz
Surge program : Yes
Träbert 2-5 (Rectangular Pulsed Current)

Phase duration : 2 ms
Interval : 5 ms
10.3 Technical Data
Mains voltage : 100 – 240 V ± 10%

Mains frequency : 50 / 60 Hz
Main unit:
Dimensions stand alone : 24 x 32 x 12 cm (w x d x h)
Dimensions on inclination foot : 24 x 30.5 x 18.2 cm (w x d x h)
Dimensions on Vacotron : 24 x 30.5 x 21.6 cm (w x d x h)
Weight : 2 Kg
Weight including optional battery : 3 Kg
Vacotron:
Dimensions : 24 x 28.6 x 9.3 cm (w x d x h)
Weight : 2 Kg
Environmental conditions for transport and storage:

Temperature : -20° to +70° C
Relative humidity : 10 to 90 % (contained in original packaging)
Atmospheric pressure : 500 to 1060 hPa
Environmental conditions for normal use:

Temperature : 10° to 40° C
Relative humidity : 10 to 90 % non condensing
Atmospheric pressure : 500 to 1060 hPa
Technical modifications reserved
49

10.4 Safety and Performance standards
IEC 60601-1 : General requirements for the safety of electrical medical

systems, including Annex 1, national differences for Australia,
Canada and the United States.
Safety class according to IEC 60601-1: class I type BF
IEC 60601-2-5 : Particular requirements for the safety of ultrasonic therapy

equipment.
IEC 60601-2-10 : Particular requirements for the safety of nerve and muscle
stimulators.
: This equipment complies with all requirements of the Medical

Device Directive (93/42/EEC).
Medical device classification : IIa
21 CFR 1050.10 : This equipment complies with all requirements of 21 CFR

1050.10, Performance Standard for Ultrasonic Therapy
devices.
21 CFR 898 : This equipment complies with all requirements of 21 CFR 898,
Performance Standard for electrode lead wires and patient
leads.
10.5 EMC details
Medical electrical devices such as the 4-series are subject to special precautions with regard to
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and must be installed and commissioned in accordance with the
EMC advice given in the instructions for use and accompanying documents.
Portable and mobile RF communication systems (e.g. mobile phones) may interfere with medical
electrical 4-series.
The 4-series should only be operated with the original mains cable specified in the list of contents
delivered.
Operating the device with any other mains cable can lead to increased emissions or reduced interference
immunity of the device.
Guidelines and manufacturer's declaration – electromagnetic interference
The 4-series device is intended for operation in an electromagnetic environment as indicated

below. The customer or user of the 4-series unit should ensure that it is operated in such an
environment.
Interference tests Conformity Electromagnetic environment

guideline
RF emissions according to CISPR 11 Group 1 The 4-series device uses RF energy

solely for its internal functioning. Its
RF emission is therefore very low and
it is unlikely that this will cause
interference to neighbouring
electronic 4-series.
RF emissions according to CISPR 11 ClassB The 4-series device is suitable for use
in all installations including those in a
Harmonic emissions according to Class B residential environment and those
IEC 61000-3-2 which are directly connected to the
public mains network which also
Voltage fluctuation emissions and Conforms supplies buildings which are used for
50 flicker according to IEC 61000-3-3 residential purposes.

The device should not be used when placed immediately next to or stacked on top of other devices. If
operation is necessary when immediately next to or stacked on top of other devices, the device should be
monitored to ensure it is operating as intended in this arrangement.
Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration – Electromagnetic immunity
The 4-series device is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The
customer or the user of the 4-series device should assure that it is used in such an environment.
Immunity test IEC 60601 test Compliance level Electromagnetic environment -

level Guidance
Electrostatic ± 6 kV contact ± 6 kV contact Floors should be wood, concrete

discharge (ESD) to or ceramic tile. If floors are
IEC 61000-4-2 ± 8 kV air ± 8 kV air covered with synthetic material,
the relative humidity should be at
least 30%.
Electrical fast ± 2 kV for power ± 2 kV for power Mains power quality should be
transient / burst to supply lines supply lines that of a typical commercial or
IEC 61000-4-4 hospital environment.
± 1 kV for input / not applicable
output lines
Surge IEC 6100-4-5 ± 1 kV differential ± 1 kV differential Mains power quality should be

mode mode that of a typical commercial or
hospital environment.
± 2 kV common ± 2 kV common
mode mode
Voltage dips, short <5% UT <5% UT Mains power quality should be

interruptions and (>95% dip in UT for (>95% dip in UT for that of a typical commercial or
voltage variations on 0.5 cycle) 0.5 cycle) hospital environment. If the use of
power supply input the 4-series device requires
lines IEC 61000-4-11 40% UT 40% UT continued operation during mains
(60% dip in UT for (60% dip in UT for 5 power interruptions, it is
5 cycles) cycles) recommended to install a battery.
70% UT 70% UT
(30% dip in UT for (30% dip in UT for 25
25 cycles) cycles)
<5% UT <5% UT
(>95% dip in UT for (>95% dip in UT for 5
5 seconds) seconds)
Power frequency 3 A/m 3 A/m Power frequency magnetic fields

(50/60 Hz) magnetic should be at levels characteristic
field to IEC 61000-4-8 of a typical location in a typical
commerical or hospital
environment.
Note: UT is the AC mains voltage prior to application of the test level.
51

The main features of the 4-series devices are as follows: interference-free delivery of shockwaves,
interference-free control of all functions. Uninterrupted operation is not required with the use intended.
Guidelines and manufacturer's declaration – electromagnetic interference immunity
The 4-series device is intended for operation in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The
customer or user of the 4-series should ensure that it is used in such an environment.
Interference IEC 60601-test Compliance level Electromagnetic environment -

immunity tests level guidelines
Conducted RF 3 Veffective value 3 Veffective value Portable and mobile radio should not
disturbance variables 150 kHz to 80 150 kHz to 80 MHz be used any closer to the 4-series
according to IEC MHz devices, including cables, than the
61000-4-6 recommended separation distance
calculated from the equation
Radiated RF 3 V/m 3 V/m applicable to the transmission
disturbance variables 80 MHz to 2.5 80 MHz to 2.5 GHz frequency.
according to IEC GHz
61000-4-3 Recommended separation
distance:
d= 1.2 √P
d= 0.35 √P for 80 MHz to 800 MHz
d= 0,7 √P for 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
Where P is the rated power of the

transmitter in Watts (W) according to
the transmitter manufacturer and d is
the recommended separation
distance in meters (m).
According to an investigation in situa,

the field strength of stationary radio
transmitters should be less than the
compliance level at all frequencies.
Interference may occur in the vicinity

of 4-series devices which is marked
with the following symbol:
NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz the higher frequency range is applicable.
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not be applicable in all cases. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by
absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people.
a
Theoretically, it is not possible to exactly predict the field strengths of fixed transmitters such as
base stations for radio telephones and land mobile radios, amateur radio stations, AM and FM radio and
TV broadcasting. To determine the electromagnetic environment in relation to the fixed transmitters, an
electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location where
the 4-series device is to be used exceeds the above compliance levels, the 4-series device should be
monitored in order to ensure that it is functioning as intended. If unusual features are noticed, additional
measures may be necessary such as re-orienting or relocating the 4-series device.
b
Above the frequency range from 150 kHz to 80 MHz the field strength should be less than 3 V/m.
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF telecommunications 4-

52 series and the 4-series device

The 4-series device is intended for operation in an electromagnetic environment where RF disturbances
are monitored. The customer or user of the 4-series device can help prevent electromagnetic
interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF telecommunications 4-
series (transmitters) and the 4-series device – according to the output power of the communications
device, as indicated below.
Rated output of transmitter Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter

W m
150 kHz to 80 MHz 80 MHz to 800 MHz 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
d= 1.2 √P d= 0.35 √P d= 0.7 √P
0.01 0.12 0.035 0.07
0.1 0.38 0.11 0.22
1 1.2 0.35 0.70
10 3.8 1.1 2.2
100 12 3.5 7
For transmitters rated at a maximum output which is not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in
meters (m) can be determined using the equation applicable to the respective column, whereby P is the maximum
rated output of the transmitter in Watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.
NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz the higher frequency range is applicable.
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not be applicable in all cases. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption
and reflection from structures, objects and people.
11 Ordering information
Model numbers:


1498920 Endomed 482
1498950 Vacotron 460
Standard accessories Sonopuls 492:

3444290 Mains cable 230V-EUR
xxxxxxx Ultrasound multi-frequency treatment head(s) (model dependent)
xxxxxxx Holder treatment head (model dependent)
3444021 Strap 250x3 cm
3444020 Strap 100x3 cm
2 x 3444211 Patient cable 2-core & 2 mm male plugs - black, with coloured clips
(1)
= The Sonopuls is delivered with 1 bottle of contact-gel. The article-
number 3442929 however represents a box of 12 bottles. 53

Standard accessories Sonopuls 490:

xxxxxxx Ultrasound multi-frequency treatment head(s) (model dependent)
xxxxxxx Holder treatment head (model dependent)
(1)
= The Sonopuls is delivered with 1 bottle of contact-gel. The article-
number 3442929 however represents a box of 12 bottles.
Standard accessories Endomed 482:

3444021 Strap 250x3 cm
3444020 Strap 100x3 cm
2 x 3444211 Patient cable 2-core & 2 mm male plugs - black, with colour clips
Standard accessories Vacotron 460:

2 x 3444503 Vacuum electrodes Ø 60 mm, set of 2 pcs.
2 x 3444507 Vacuum lead hose red
2 x 3444508 Vacuum lead hose black
Optional accessories:
Ultrasound contact-gel
3442929 Contact-gel, bottle 250 ml, box of 12
3442930 Contact-gel, bottle 850 ml, box of 12
3442931 Contact-gel, canister of 5 l
3442932 Dispenser-set for 5 l canister
electrodes and moist pads

Adhesive electrodes
3444222 Adhesive electrodes Ø 2,2 cm, 2 mm female, 10 sheets of 8 (also for EMG)
3444056 EN-Trode Ø 3,2 cm, 2 mm female,10 sheets of 4
3444135 EN-Trode Ø 5,0 cm, 2 mm female, 10 sheets of 4
3444057 EN-Trode 5x5 cm, 2 mm female, 10 sheets of 4
3444058 EN-Trode 5x9 cm, 2 mm female, 10 sheets of 4
Rubber electrodes
3444128 Rubber electrodes 4x6 cm, 2 mm female, set of 2.
3444129 Rubber electrodes 6x8 cm, 2 mm female, set of 2
3444130 Rubber electrodes 8x12 cm, 2 mm female, set of 2
Moist pads for rubber electrodes

1460273 Moist pads for rubber electrodes 4x6 cm, set of 4
Fixation straps
3444020 Strap 100x3 cm
3444021 Strap 250x3 cm
54 3444022
3444023
Strap 100x5 cm
Strap 250x5 cm

Point electrodes
1480800 Electrode holder for 1480801
1480801 Point electrode 5 mm, 4 mm female (in combination with adapters 2523523 / 2523524)
1460369 Point electrode, 17 mm, 4 mm female (in combination with adapters 2523523 / 2523524)
Adapters
2523524 Adapter plug, 2 mm female, 4 mm male, red
2523523 Adapter plug, 2 mm female, 4 mm male, black
Patient cable
3444211 Patient cable 2-core & 2 mm male plug - black, with coloured clips
Bag
3444675 Carrierbag 4-series
Battery
2501016 Battery 12.0V 1.8AH
Vacuum accessories Vacotron 460

3444509 Vacuum electrodes Ø 30 mm, set of 2
3444507 Vacuum lead hose, red
3444508 Vacuum lead hose, black
www.enraf-nonius.com
55

DR - Azad.enraf - Sonopuls 490

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DR - Azad.enraf - Sonopuls 490

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DR - Azad.enraf - Sonopuls 490

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

4-Series

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Part number: 1498751_41

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

WARNING (USA only):

1.2 Product Liability

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1 Intended Use Electrotherapy

4.1.1 Pain Management

Pain Management is the use of electrical stimulation for pain relief.

4.1.1.1 Indications Pain Management

4.1.1.2 Contra-indications Pain Management

4.1.1.3 Warnings Pain Management

4.1.1.4 Precautions Pain Management

4.1.1.5 Adverse Effects Pain Management

4.1.1.6 Current Waveforms Pain Management

4.1.2 Muscle Stimulation

Muscle Stimulation is the use of electrical stimulation to treat muscle dysfunction.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1.2.2 Contra-indications Muscle Stimulation

4.1.2.3 Warnings Muscle Stimulation

4.1.2.4 Precautions Muscle Stimulation

4.1.2.5 Adverse Effects Muscle Stimulation

4.1.2.6 Current Waveforms Muscle Stimulation

See paragraph 8.2.5.6 for the available parameters 7

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1.3.1 4 Pole Interferential Currents

4.1.3.1.1 Classical Interferential

Modulation depth is only 100% at

4.1.3.1.2 Isoplanar Vector

Modulation depth is 100% over the entire treatment area.

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Stimulation with 100% modulation depth only occurs into the

4.1.3.1.4 Dipole Vector Automatic

Parameters 4 Pole Interferential Currents:

4.1.3.2 Biphasic Pulsed Currents (TENS)

4.1.3.2.1 Asymmetrical and Alternating Asymmetrical

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1.3.2.2 Burst Asymmetrical and Burst Alternating Asymmetrical

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1.3.2.4 Burst Symmetrical

4.1.3.4 Russian Stimulation

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1.3.5 Micro Current

Frequency, expressed in Hz, is the number of cycles per second.

4.1.3.6 High Voltage

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

4.1.3.7 Diadynamic Currents

The following variations are available:

4.1.3.7.1 MF (Monophasé Fixe)

4.1.3.7.2 DF (Diphasé Fixe)

4.1.3.7.3 LP (Longues Périodes)

4.1.3.7.4 CP (Courtes Périodes)

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine

Parameters Diadynamic Currents:

4.1.3.8 Galvanic Current