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EBD_8344
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EBD_8344
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EBD_8344
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1
Sets
6. A relation on the set A = {x : |x| < 3, x ÎZ },

Sets, Types of Sets, Disjoint Sets,
Complementary Sets, Subsets, where Z is the set of integers is defined by
TOPIC Ć Power Set, Cardinal Number of R = {(x, y) : y = |x|, x ¹ – 1}. Then the number of elements in
Sets, Operations on Sets the power set of R is: [Online April 12, 2014]
(a) 32 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d) 64
1. Set A has m elements and set B has n elements. If the total 7. Let X ={1,2,3,4,5}. The number of different ordered pairs
number of subsets of A is 112 more than the total number (Y, Z) that can formed such that Y Í X , Z Í X and Y Ç Z
of subsets of B, then the value of m×n is ______. is empty is : [2012]
[Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (a) 52 (b) 35 (c) 25 (d) 53
2. Let S = {1, 2, 3, ... , 100}. The number of non-empty subsets 8. If A, B and C are three sets such that A Ç B = A Ç C and
A of S such that the product of elements in A is even is :
A È B = A È C , then [2009]
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) A = C (b) B = C
(a) 2100 - 1
50 50
(b) 2 2 - 1 ( ) (c) A Ç B = f (d) A = B
(c) 250 – 1 (d) 250 + 1
3. Let S = {x Î R : x ³ 0 and Venn Diagrams, Algebraic
Operations on Sets, De Morgan’s
TOPIC n
2| x - 3 | + x ( x - 6) + 6 = 0 . Then S : [2018] Law, Number of Elements in
Different Sets
(a) contains exactly one element.
(b) contains exactly two elements. 9. A survey shows that 73% of the persons working in an
(c) contains exactly four elements. office like coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If x denotes the
(d) is an empty set. percentage of them, who like both coffee and tea, then x
æ1ö cannot be : [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
4. If f(x) + 2f ç ÷ = 3x , x ¹ 0 and
èxø (a) 63 (b) 36 (c) 54 (d) 38
10. A survey shows that 63% of the people in a city read
S = {x Î R : f(x) = f(–x)}; then S: [2016]
newspaper A whereas 76% read newspaper B. If x% of the
(a) contains exactly two elements.
people read both the newspapers, then a possible value of
(b) contains more than two elements.
x can be : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
(c) is an empty set.
(d) contains exactly one element. (a) 29 (b) 37 (c) 65 (d) 55
Let P = {q : sinq – cosq = 50 n
5. 2 cosq} and Q = {q : sinq +
cosq =
11. Let U X i = U Yi = T , where each Xi contains 10 elements
2 sinq} be two sets. Then: i =1 i =1
[Online April 10, 2016] and each Yi contains 5 elements. If each element of the set
T is an element of exactly 20 of sets Xi's and exactly 6 of
(a) P Ì Q and Q - P ¹ f
sets Yi's, then n is equal to [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
(b) Q Ë P (a) 15 (b) 50 (c) 45 (d) 30
(c) P = Q
(d) P Ë Q

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M-2 Mathematics
12. Let X = {n Î N: l £ n £ 50}. If 16. Two newspapers A and B are published in a city. It is
A = {n Î X: n is a multiple of 2} and known that 25% of the city population reads A and 20%
B = {n Î X: n is a multiple of 7}, then the number of reads B while 8% reads both A and B. Further, 30% of
elements in the smallest subset of X containing both A those who read A but not B look into advertisements and
and B is __________. [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] 40% of those who read B but not A also look into
2 advertisements, while 50% of those who read both A and
13. Let Z be the set of integers. If A = {xÎZ : 2(x + 2) ( x – 5x + 6) = 1} B look into advertisements. Then the percentage of the
and B = {x Î Z : –3 < 2x – 1< 9}, then the number of subsets population who look into advertisements is:
of the set A × B, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) 215 (b) 218 (c) 212 (d) 210 (a) 13.9 (b) 12.8 (c) 13 (d) 13.5
14. In a class of 140 students numbered 1 to 140, all even 17. In a certain town, 25% of the families own a phone and
numbered students opted Mathematics course, those 15% own a car; 65% families own neither a phone nor a
car and 2,000 families own both a car and a phone. Consider
whose number is divisible by 3 opted Physics course and

those whose number is divisible by 5 opted Chemistry the following three statements : [Online April 10, 2015]
course. Then the number of students who did not opt for (A) 5% families own both a car and a phone
any of the three courses is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] (B) 35% families own either a car or a phone
(a) 102 (b) 42 (c) 1 (d) 38 (C) 40,000 families live in the town
15. Let A, B and C be sets such that f ¹ A Ç B Í C . Then Then,
which of the following statements is not true ? (a) Only (A) and (C) are correct.
[April 12, 2019 (II)] (b) Only (B) and (C) are correct.
(c) All (A), (B) and (C) are correct.
(a) B Ç C ¹ f
(d) Only (A) and (B) are correct.
(b) If ( A - B) Í C , then A Í C
(c) (C È A) Ç (C È B) = C
(d) If (A - C) Í B , then A Í B

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Sets M-3
1. (28) 2m = 112 + 2n Þ 2m - 2n = 112 (c) sinq – cosq =

5. 2 cosq
m -n
Þ 2 (2
n
- 1) = 2 (2 - 1)
4 3
Þ sinq = cosq + 2 cosq
\ m = 7, n = 4 Þ mn = 28
æ 2 -1 ö
2. (b) Q Product of two even number is always even and = ( 2 + 1) cosq = ç ÷ cosq
è 2 -1 ø
product of two odd numbers is always odd.
Þ ( 2 - 1) sinq = cosq
\ Number of required subsets

= Total number of subsets – Total number of subsets Þ sinq + cosq = 2 sinq
having only odd numbers \ P= Q
= 2100 – 250 = 250(250 – 1) 6. (b) A = {x : |x | < 3, x Î Z }
3. (b) Case-I: x Î[0,9] A = {–2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}
R = {(x, y) : y = |x |, x ¹ -1}
2(3 - x ) + x - 6 x + 6 = 0 R = {(–2, 2), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)}
R has four elements
Þ x - 8 x + 12 = 0 Þ x = 4, 2
Number of elements in the power set of R
Þ x = 16, 4
= 24 = 16
Since x Î[0,9] 7. (b) Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
\ x=4 n(x) = 5
Case-II: x Î[9, ¥] Each element of x has 3 options. Either in set Y or set Z or
none. (Q Y Ç Z = f)
2( x - 3) + x - 6 x + 6 = 0 So, number of ordered pairs = 35
8. (b) Q B = ( B Ç A) È B
Þ x - 4 x = 0 Þ x = 16,0
Since x Î[9, ¥] = ( A Ç C) È B
\ x = 16 = ( A È B) Ç ( C È B)
Hence, x = 4 & 16
æ 1ö = ( A È C) Ç ( B È C)
4. (a) f (x) + 2f ç ÷ = 3x ....(1)
è xø = ( A Ç B) È C
æ 1ö 3
f ç ÷ + 2f (x) = ....(2)
è xø x = ( A Ç C) È C
Adding (1) and (2)
=C
æ1ö 1
Þ f (x) + f ç ÷ = x + ...(3) 9. (b) Given, n(C ) = 73, n(T ) = 65, n(C Ç T ) = x
è ø
x x
Substracting (1) from (2) \ 65 ³ n(C Ç T ) ³ 65 + 73 - 100
æ1ö 3 Þ 65 ³ x ³ 38 Þ x ¹ 36.
Þ f (x) - f ç ÷ = - 3x ...(4)
èxø x 10. (d) Let n(U ) = 100, then n(A) = 63, n(B) = 76
On adding (3) and (4)
n( A Ç B ) = x
2
Þ f (x) = -x
x Now, n( A È B ) = n( A) + n( B) - n( A Ç B) £ 100
2 -2 2 = 63 + 76 - x £ 100
f (x) = f (- x) Þ -x = +xÞx=
x x x Þ x ³ 139 - 100 Þ x ³ 39
x2 = 2 or x = 2, - 2

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M-4 Mathematics
Q n( A Ç B) £ n( A) Q = {6n: n Î N, 1 £ n £ 23} – P
Þ x £ 63 Þ n(Q) = 19
\ 39 £ x £ 63 R = {15n: n Î N, 1 £ n £ 9} – P
Þ n(R) = 5
50 n
11. (d) U X i = U Yi = T S = {10n: n Î N, 1 £ n £ 14} – P
i =1 i =1
Þ n(S) = 10
Q n( X i ) = 10, n (Yi ) = 5 n(T) = 70 – n(P) – n(Q) – n(S) = 70 – 33 = 37
50 n n(V) = 46 – n(P) – n(Q) – n(R) = 46 – 28 = 18
So, U X i = 500, U Yi = 5n n(W) = 28 – n(P) – n(R) – n(S) = 28 – 19 = 9
i =1 i =1
Þ Number of required students
500 5n
Þ = Þ n = 30 = 140 – (4 + 19 + 5 + 10 + 37 + 18 + 9)
20 6
= 140 – 102 = 38
12. (29) From the given conditions, 15. (d) (1), (2) and (4) are always correct.
n(A) = 25, n(B) = 7 and n(A Ç B) = 3 In (3) option,
n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B) If A = C then A – C = f
= 25 + 7 – 3 = 29 Clearly, f Í B but A Í B is not always true.
13. (a) Let x Î A, then
16. (a)
Q 2( x+2)( x2 -5 x+6) = 1 Þ (x + 2)(x – 2)(x – 3) = 0 A B
x = –2, 2, 3 25 20
8
A = {–2, 2, 3}
Then, n(A) = 3
Let x Î B, then
–3 < 2x – 1 < 9 % of people who reads A only = 25 – 8 = 17%
–1 < x < 5 and x Î Z % of people who read B only = 20 – 8 = 12%
\ B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} % of people from A only who read advertisement
n(B) = 5 = 17 × 0.3 = 5.1%
n(A ´ B) = 3 ´ 5 = 15 % of people from B only who read advertisement
Hence, Number of subsets of A ´ B = 2 15 = 12 × 0.4 = 4.8%
% of people from A & B both who read advertisement
Maths = 8 × 0.5 = 4%
14. (d)
T W
\ total % of people who read advertisement
S Chemistry
P
= 5.1 + 4.8 + 4 = 13.9%
Q 17. (c) n(P) = 25%
R
n(C) = 15%
V
n ( P ¢ È C ¢ ) =65%
Physics
Þ n(P È C)¢ = 65%
n ( P È C ) = 35%
P = {30, 60, 90, 120} n ( P Ç C) = n ( P ) + n (C) - n ( P È C)

Þ n(P) = 4 25 + 15 – 35 = 5%
x × 5% = 2000
x = 40,000

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2
Relations and
Functions
5. The domain of the definition of the function

Relations, Domain, Codomain and
1
Range of a Relation, Functions, f ( x) = + log10 ( x3 - x ) is: [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
TOPIC Ć Domain, Codomain and Range of a 4 - x2
Function (a) (–1, 0) È (1, 2) È (3, ¥)
(b) (–2, –1) È (–1, 0) È (2, ¥)
1. Let R1 and R2 be two relations defined as follows : (c) (–1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥)
(d) (1, 2) È (2, ¥)
R1 = {(a, b) Î R 2 : a 2 + b 2 Î Q} and
6. The range of the function
R2 = {(a, b) Î R 2 : a 2 + b2 Ï Q} , where Q is the set of all x
f ( x) = , x Î R , is [Online May 7, 2012]
rational numbers. Then : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] 1+ x
(a) Neither R1 nor R2 is transitive.
(a) R (b) (– 1, 1) (c) R – {0} (d) [– 1, 1]
(b) R2 is transitive but R1 is not transitive.
(c) R1 is transitive but R2 is not transitive. 1
7. The domain of the function f ( x) = is [2011]
(d) R1 and R2 are both transitive. x -x
| x | +5 ö (a) (0, ¥ ) (b) (– ¥ , 0)
2. The domain of the function f ( x) = sin -1 çæ ÷ is (c) (– ¥ , ¥ ) – {0} (d) (– ¥ , ¥ )
è x2 +1 ø
8. Domain of definition of the function
(-¥, - a] È [a, ¥]. Then a is equal to : 3
f ( x) = + log10 ( x 3 - x) , is [2003]
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 4 - x2
17 17 - 1 1 + 17 17 (a) ( -1,0) È (1,2) È ( 2, ¥) (b) (a, 2)

(a) (b) (c) (d) +1
2 2 2 2 (c) ( -1,0) È ( a,2) (d) (1,2) È (2, ¥)
3. If R = {(x, y) : x, y Î Z, x2 + 3 y 2 £ 8} is a relation on the
Even and Odd Functions, Explicit
set of integers Z, then the domain of R–1 is : and Implicit Functions, Greatest
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] Integer Function, Periodic
(a) {–2, –1, 1, 2} (b) {0, 1} TOPIC n Functions, Value of a Function,
(c) {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2} (d) {–1, 0, 1} Equal Functions, Algebraic
Operations on Functions
x
4. Let f : R ® R be defined by f ( x ) = , x Î R. Then
1 + x2 9. Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t. Then the equation
the range of f is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] in x, [x]2 + 2[x + 2] – 7 = 0 has : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
(a) exactly two solutions
é 1 1ù
(a) ê - , ú (b) R – [–1, 1] (b) exactly four integral solutions
ë 2 2û (c) no integral solution
é 1 1ù (d) infinitely many solutions
(c) R - ê - , ú (d) (–1, 1) – {0}
ë 2 2û

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M-6 Mathematics
10. Let f (x) be a quadratic polynomial such that f (–1) + f (2) = 15. Let f be an odd function defined on the set of real numbers
0. If one of the roots of f (x) = 0 is 3, then its other root lies such that for x ³ 0, f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x.
in : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] 11p
(a) (–1, 0) (b) (1, 3) (c) (–3, –1) (d) (0, 1) Then f(x) at x = - is equal to: [Online April 11, 2014]
6
x[ x]
11. Let f (1, 3) ® R be a function defined by f (x) = , (a)
3
+2 3
3
(b) - + 2 3
1 + x2 2 2
where [x] denotes the greatest integer £ x. Then the range
of f is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] 3 3
(c) -2 3 (d) - - 2 3
2 2
æ 2 3ö æ 3 4 ö æ 2 1 ö æ 3 4ö
(a) èç , ø÷ È èç , ø÷ (b) èç , ø÷ È èç , ø÷ 16. A real valued function f (x) satisfies the functional equation
5 5 4 5 5 2 5 5
f (x – y) = f (x) f (y) – f (a – x) f (a + y)
æ 2 4ö æ 3 4ö where a is a given constant and f (0) = 0, f (2a – x) is equal

(c) çè , ÷ø (d) çè , ÷ø to [2005]
5 5 5 5
(a) – f (x) (b) f (x)
1- x ö æ 2x ö (c) f (a) + f (a – x) (d) f (– x)
12. If f(x) = loge æç ÷ , |x| < 1, then f ç ÷ is equal to :
è 1+ x ø è 1+ x2 ø 17. The graph of the function y = f(x) is symmetrical about the
line x = 2, then [2004]
[April 8, 2019 (I)]
(a) 2f(x) (b) 2f(x2) (c) (f(x)) 2 (d) –2f(x) (a) f ( x ) = - f (- x) (b) f (2 + x) = f (2 - x)
13. Let f(x) = ax (a > 0) be written as f(x) = f1(x) + f2(x), where (c) f ( x ) = f ( - x) (d) f ( x + 2) = f ( x - 2)
f1(x) is an even function and f2(x) is an odd function. Then
f1(x + y) + f1(x – y) equals : [April. 08, 2019 (II)] 18. If f : R ® R satisfies f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) , for all x,
(a) 2f1(x) f1(y) (b) 2f1(x + y) f1(x – y) n
(c) 2f1(x)f2(y) (d) 2f1(x + y) f2(x – y) y Î R and f(1) = 7, then S f (r ) is [2003]
r=1
é 1 3n ù
14. Let f ( n ) = ê + n , where [n] denotes the greatest 7 n (n + 1) 7n
ë 3 100 úû (a)
2
(b)
2
56 7 (n + 1)
integer less than or equal to n. Then å f ( n) is equal to: (c)
2
(d) 7 n + ( n + 1)
n=1
[Online April 19, 2014]
(a) 56 (b) 689 (c) 1287 (d) 1399

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Relations and Functions M-7
Þ 1 ³ 4y2
(a) For R1 let a = 1 + 2, b = 1 - 2, c = 8
1/ 4
1.
1
aR1b Þ a 2 + b2 = (1 + 2)2 + (1 - 2) 2 = 6 Î Q Þ |y| £
2
bR1c Þ b2 + c 2 = (1 - 2)2 + (81/ 4 )2 = 3 Î Q 1 1
Þ - £ y£
2 2
aR1c Þ a 2 + c2 = (1 + 2)2 + (81/ 4 )2 = 3 + 4 2 Ï Q
é 1 1ù
\ R1 is not transitive. Þ The range of f is ê - , ú .
ë 2 2û
For R2 let a = 1 + 2, b = 2, c = 1 - 2
5. (c) To determine domain, denominator ¹ 0 and x3 – x > 0
aR2b Þ a + b = (1 + 2) + ( 2) = 5 + 2 2 Ï Q
2 2 2 2 i.e., 4 – x2 ¹ 0 x ¹ ±2 ...(1)
and x (x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
bR2 c Þ b 2 + c 2 = ( 2)2 + (1 - 2)2 = 5 - 2 2 Ï Q
– + – +
aR2c Þ a 2 + c2 = (1 + 2) 2 + (1 - 2) 2 = 6 Î Q
x Î (– 1, 0) È (1, ¥) ...(2)
\ R2 is not transitive.
Hence domain is intersection of (1) & (2).
| x | +5 ö
2. (c) Q f ( x) = sin -1 çæ i.e., x Î (–1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥)
è x 2 + 1 ÷ø
| x | +5 x
\ -1 £ £1 6. (b) f ( x) = 1 + x , x Î R
x2 + 1
Þ| x | +5 £ x2 + 1 [Q x 2 + 1 ¹ 0] x
If x > 0, | x | = x Þ f ( x ) =
1+ x
Þ x2 - | x | -4 ³ 0
which is not defined for x = – 1
æ 1 - 17 ö æ 1 + 17 ö x
Þ ç| x | - ÷ ç| x | - 2 ÷ ³ 0 If x < 0, | x | = – x Þ f ( x ) =
è 2 øè ø 1- x
which is not defined for x = 1
æ 1 + 17 ö é1 + 17 ö Thus f(x) defined for all values of R except 1 and – 1
Þ x Î ç -¥, - ÷ Èê , ¥÷
è 2 ø ë 2 ø Hence, range = (– 1, 1).
1 + 17 f ( x) =
1
\a = 7. (b) , f (x) is define if | x | – x > 0
2 x -x
3. (d) Since, R = {(x, y) : x, y Î Z, x2 + 3 y 2 £ 8} Þ | x | > x, Þ x < 0
Hence domain of f (x) is (– ¥, 0)
\ R = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, - 1), (0, 1), (1, 0)}
3
Þ DR-1 = {-1, 0, 1} 8. (a) f ( x) = + log10 ( x 3 - x)
4 - x2
x
, x ÎR 4 - x 2 ¹ 0; x 3 - x > 0;
4. (a) f(x) =
1 + x2
x ¹ ± 4 and - 1 < x < 0 or 1 < x < ¥
x
Let, y =
1 + x2 – +
+ –
–1 0 1
1 ± 1- 4 y2
Þ yx2 – x + y = 0 Þ x =
2 \ D = ( -1, 0) È (1, ¥) - { 4}
Þ 1 – 4y2 ³ 0
D = ( -1, 0) È (1, 2) È (2, ¥).

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M-8 Mathematics
9. (d) The given equation

æ 1 + x2 - 2 x ö æ 1- x ö
2
[ x]2 + 2[ x] + 4 - 7 = 0 = log çç 2
÷
÷ = log ç 1+ x ÷
è 1+ x + 2x ø è ø
Þ [ x]2 + 2[ x] - 3 = 0
æ 1- x ö
Þ [ x]2 + 3[ x] - [ x] - 3 = 0 = 2 log ç ÷ = 2f (x)
è 1+ x ø
Þ ([ x] + 3)([ x] - 1) = 0 Þ [ x] = 1 or –3 13. (a) Given function can be written as
Þ x Î[ -3, - 2) È [1, 2) æ a x + a- x ö æ a x - a-x ö
\ The equation has infinitely many solutions. f (x) = ax = çç ÷+ç ÷
2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
è ø è ø
10. (a) Let f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c
Given : f ( -1) + f (2) = 0 a x + a-x
where f1(x) = is even function

2
a - b + c + 4a + 2b + c = 0
Þ 5a + b + 2c = 0 ...(i) a x - a-x
f2(x) = is odd function
and f (3) = 0 Þ 9a + 3b + c = 0 ...(ii) 2
From equations (i) and (ii), Þ f1(x + y) + f1(x – y)
a
=
b
=
c
Þ
a b c
= = æ a x+ y + a - x - y ö æ a x - y + a - x + y ö
1 - 6 18 - 5 15 - 9 -5 13 6 = çç ÷+ç ÷
2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
è ø è ø
c -6
Product of roots, ab = = and a = 3
1é x y
a 5
= a (a + a - y ) + a - x (a y + a - y ) ù
2ë û
-2
Þb= Î ( -1, 0)
5 (a x + a - x )(a y + a - y )
= = 2f1(x) . f1(y)
2
ì x
ïï 2 ; x Î (1, 2) é 1 3n ù
x +1 (d) Let f (n) = ê + n
ë 3 100 úû
11. (b) f ( x) í 14.
ï 2 x ; x Î[2,3)
îï x 2 + 1 where [n] is greatest integer function,
é 3n ù
= ê0.33 + n
ì 1 - x2 ë 100 úû
ï ; x Î (1, 2)
ï 1+ x2 For n = 1, 2, ..., 22, we get f (n) = 0
f ¢( x ) í and for n = 23, 24, ..., 55, we get f (n) = 1 × n
2
ï1 - 2 x
ï ; x Î [2,3) For n = 56, f (n) = 2 × n
î 1+ x 2
56
\ f(x) is a decreasing function So, å f (n) = 1 (23) + 1 (24) + ... + 1 (55) + 2(56)
n =1
æ 2 1 ö æ 6 4ù
\ y Îç , ÷ Èç , ú = (23 + 24 + ... + 55) + 112
è 5 2 ø è 10 5 û
33
= [46 + 32] + 112
æ 2 1 ö æ 3 4ù 2
Þ y Îç , ÷ È ç , ú
è 5 2 ø è 5 5û 33
= (78) + 112 = 1399.
æ1- x ö 2
12. (a) f (x) = log ç ÷ ,|x|<|
è 1+ x ø 15. (c) Given f be an odd function
f (x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x
æ 2x ö Now,
ç 1- ÷
æ 2x ö ç 1 + x2 ÷ æ -11p ö æ -11p ö æ -11p ö
fç + 4cos ç
è 6 ÷ø =
3sin ç
è 6 ÷ø è 6 ÷ø
fç ÷
è 1 + x2 ø
= log ç 1+ 2x ÷
ç ÷
è 1 + 2 x2 ø

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17. (b) Given that a graph symmetrical. with respect to line

æ -11p ö æ pö æ pö x = 2 as shown in the figure.
fç
è 6 ÷ø = 3sin çè -2p + 6 ÷ø + 4cos çè -2p + 6 ÷ø Y
–x x
æ -11p ö ì æ pö ü ì æ pöü
fç
è 6 ÷ø = 3sin íî - çè 2p - 6 ÷ø ýþ + 4cos íî - çè 2p - 6 ÷ø ýþ
ì sin( -q) = - sin q ü

í For odd functions ý
î and cos( -q) = - cos qþ
X
æ -11p ö æ pö æ pö x1 x2
\ fç = -3sin ç 2p - ÷ - 4cos ç 2p - ÷
è 6 ÷ø è 6ø è 6ø x=2
From the figure
æ -11p ö æ pö p f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 ), where x1 = 2 - x and x2 = 2 + x
Þ fç = +3sin çè ÷ø - 4cos
è 6 ÷ø 6 6 \ f (2 - x) = f (2 + x)
æ -11p ö 1 3 18. (a) f ( x + y ) = f (x ) + f ( y ) .
Þ fç = 3´ - 4´
è 6 ÷ø 2 2 Q f (1) = 7
-11p ö 3
or f æç
f (2) = f (1 + 1) = f (1) + f (1) = 14
= -2 3
è 6 ÷ø 2 f (3) = f (1 + 2) = f (1) + f (2) = 21
16. (a) Given that f(0) = 0 and put
x = 0, y = 0,
n
f (0) = f 2 (0) - f 2 (a) \ å f (r ) = 7 (1 + 2 + 3..... + n )
Þ f 2 (a) = 0 Þ f (a) = 0 r =1
f (2a – x) = f (a – (x – a))
7 n ( n + 1)
= f (a) f (x – a) – f (0) f (x) =
= f (a) f (x –a) – f (x) = – f (x) 2
Þ f (2a - x) = - f ( x )

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M-10 Mathematics
3
Trigonometric Functions
tan A cot A
Circular System, Trigonometric 4. The expression +
Ratios, Domain and Range of 1 - cot A 1 - tan A
TOPIC Ć Trigonometric Functions,
Trigonometric Ratios of Allied can be written as : [2013]
Angles (a) sinA cosA + 1 (b) secA cosecA + 1
(c) tanA + cotA (d) secA + cosecA
5. The value of cos 255 + sin 195 is[Online May 26, 2012]
æp pö
1. For any q Î ç , ÷ the expression
è4 2ø 3 -1 3 -1
(a) (b)
2 2 2
3(sinq – cosq)4 + 6(sinq + cosq)2 + 4sin6q equals:
æ 3 -1ö 3 +1
[Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] (c) - çç ÷÷ (d)
(a) 13 – 4cos2q
+ 6sin2qcos2q è 2 ø 2
(b) 13 – 4cos6q 6. Let f(x) = sin x, g(x) = x.
(c) 13 – 4cos2q + 6cos4q Statement 1: f ( x ) £ g ( x ) for x in ( 0, ¥ )
(d) 13 – 4cos4q + 2sin2qcos2q Statement 2: f(x) £ 1 for x in (0, ¥) but g(x) ® ¥ as x ® ¥.
( )
1 [Online May 7, 2012]
2. Let f k ( x ) = sin k x + cos k x where x Î R and k ³ 1. (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
k
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
Then f 4 ( x ) - f 6 ( x ) equals [2014]
a correct explanation for Statement 1.
1 1 (c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(a) (b) not a correct explanation for Statement 1.
4 12
(d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
1 1
(c) (d) 7. A triangular park is enclosed on two sides by a fence
6 3
and on the third side by a straight river bank. The two
æ pö sides having fence are of same length x. The maximum
3. If 2cos q + sin q = 1 ç q ¹ ÷ ,
è 2ø area enclosed by the park is [2006]
then 7 cos q + 6 sin q is equal to:[Online April 11, 2014]
x3
1 (a) 3 x 2 (b)
(a) (b) 2 2 8
2
(c)
11
(d)
46 (c) 1 x 2 (d) px 2
2 5 2

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Trigonometric Functions M-11
13. The value of [April 9, 2019 (II)]

Trigonometric Identities,
Conditional Trigonometric cos210 – cos10 cos50 + cos250 is :
TOPIC n Identities, Greatest and Least 3
Value of Trigonometric Expressions (a) + cos20 (b) 3/4
4
3
3æ pö æ 3p ö 3æ pö æ 3p ö (c) (1 + cos20 ) (d) 3/2
8. The value of cos ç ÷ .cos ç ÷ + sin ç ÷ .sin ç ÷ is 2
è8ø è 8 ø è8ø è 8 ø
14. Two poles standing on a horiontal ground are of heights
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
5m and 10m respectively. The line oining their tops makes
1 1 an angle of 15 with the ground. Then the distance (in m)
(a) (b)
2 2 2 between the poles, is: [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
1 1 (a) 5(2 + 3) (b) 5( 3 + 1)

(c) (d)
2 4
5
(c) (2 + 3) (d) 10( 3 - 1)
2 sin a 1 1 - cos 2b 1 2
9. If = and = ,
1 + cos 2a 7 2 10 15. The value of sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70 is:
æ pö [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
a , b Îç 0, ÷ , then tan (a + 2b) is equal to _____.
è 2ø 1 1
(a) (b)
[Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] 16 32
1 1
æ pö æpö (c) (d)
10. If L = sin 2 ç ÷ - sin 2 ç ÷ and 18 36
è ø
16 è8ø
3 5 p
16. If cos (a + b) = , sin(a – b) = and 0 < a, b < , then
æ pö æ pö 5 13 4
M = cos ç ÷ - sin 2 ç ÷ , then : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
2
è 16 ø è 8ø tan(2a) is equal to : [ April 8, 2019 (I)]
63 63
1 1 p 1 1 p (a) (b)
(a) L = - + cos (b) L = - cos 52 16
2 2 2 8 4 2 4 8
21 33
1 1 p 1 1p (c) (d)
(c) M = + cos (d) M = + cos 16 52
4 2 4 8 2 2 2 8
17. If sin 4a + 4 cos4b + 2 = 4 2 sin a cos b ; a, bÎ[0, p], then
11. The set of all possible values of q in the interval (0, p) for cos(a + b) – cos(a – b) is equal to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
which the points (1, 2) and (sin q, cos q) lie on the same (a) 0 (b) – 1
side of the line x + y = 1 is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] (c) 2 (d) – 2
æ pö
(a) ç 0, ÷
æ p 3p ö
(b) ç , ÷
18. Let f k ( x ) =
1
k
( )
sin k x + cosk x for k = 1, 2, 3, ... Then for
è 2ø è4 4 ø
all x Î R, the value of f 4 ( x ) – f 6 ( x ) is equal to :
æ 3p ö æ pö [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(c) ç 0, ÷ (d) ç 0, ÷ 1 1
è 4 ø è 4ø (a) (b)
12 4
12. The angle of elevation of the top of a vertical tower standing
–1 5
on a horiontal plane is observed to be 45o from a point A (c) (d)
12 12
on the plane. Let B be the point 30 m vertically above the 19. The value of [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
point A. If the angle of elevation of the top of the tower p p p p
cos 2 × cos 3 × .... × cos 10 × sin 10
from B be 30o, then the distance (in m) of the foot of the 2 2 2 2
tower from the point A is: [April 12, 2019 (II)] 1 1
(a) (b)
(a) 15(3 + 3) (b) 15(5 - 3) 512 1024
1 1
(c) 15(3 - 3) (d) 15(1 + 3) (c) (d)
256 2

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M-12 Mathematics
20. If 5(tan2x – cos2x) = 2cos 2x + 9, then the value of cos 4x is 26. Let A and B denote the statements
: A : cos a + cos b + cos g = 0
[2017] B : sin a + sin b + sin g = 0
7 3
(a) - (b) - 3
9 5 If cos (b – g) + cos (g – a) + cos (a – b) = - , then :[2009]
2
1 2
(c) (d) (a) A is false and B is true
3 9
21. If m and M are the minimum and the maximum values of (b) both A and B are true
1 (c) both A and B are false
4 + sin 2 2x - 2 cos 4 x, x Î R, then M – m is equal to : (d) A is true and B is false
2
[Online April 9, 2016] 27. If p and q are positive real numbers such that p2 + q2 = 1,
then the maximum value of (p + q) is [2007]
9 15
(a) (b)
4 4 1 1
(a) (b)
7 1 2 2
(c) (d)
4 4
(c) 2 (d) 2.
3 1
22. If cos a + cos b = and sin a + sinb and q is the 1
2 2 28. If 0 < x < p and cos x + sin x = , then tan x is[2006]
the arithmetic mean of a and b , then sin 2q + cos 2q 2
is equal to : [Online April 11, 2015]
3 7 (a) (1 - 7 ) (b) (4 - 7 )
(a) (b) 4 3
5 5
4 8 (4 + 7 ) (1 + 7 )
(c) (d) (c) – (d)
5 5 3 4
p+q æp qö 29. If u = a 2 cos 2 q + b 2 sin 2 q + a 2 sin 2 q + b 2 cos 2 q

23. If cosec q = ( p ¹ q ¹ 0) , then cot ç + ÷ is
è 4 2ø then the difference between the maximum and minimum
p-q
values of u2 is given by [2004]
equal to: [Online April 9, 2014]
(a) (a - b)2 (b) 2 a 2 + b2
p q (c) (a + b)2 (d) 2(a 2 + b2 )
(a) (b)
q p
30. Let a, b be such that p < a - b < 3p .
(c) (d) pq 21 27
pq If sin a + sin b = - and cos a + cos b = - , then the
65 65
24. If A = sin2 x + cos4x, then for all real x : [2011]
a -b
13 value of cos [2004]
(a) £ A £1 (b) 1 £ A £ 2 2
16
-6 3
(a) (b)
3 13 3 65 130
(c) £ A£ (d) £ A £1
4 16 4 6 3
(c) (d) -
4 5 65 130
Let cos (α + β) = and sin (a - b) = ,
( )
25.
5 13
31. The function f ( x) = log x + x 2 + 1 , is [2003]
π
where 0 £ α, β £ . Then tan 2a = [2010] (a) neither an even nor an odd function
4
(b) an even function
56 19 (c) an odd function
(a) (b) (d) a periodic function.
33 12
32. The period of sin 2 q is [2002]
20 25 (a) p 2 (b) p
(c) (d)
7 16 (c) 2 p (d) p /2

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33. Which one is not periodic? [2002] 39. Let S = {qÎ[–2 p, 2p] : 2 cos2q + 3 sinq = 0}.
(a) | sin3x | +sin 2x (b) cos x + cos2x Then the sum of the elements of S is: [April 9, 2019 (I)]
(c) cos 4x + tan2x (d) cos2x + sinx
13p
(a) (b) 5p
Solutions of Trigonometric 6 3
TOPIC Đ Equations
(c) 2p (d) p
34. If the equation cos 4 q + sin 4 q + l = 0 has real solutions
for q, then l lies in the interval : p
[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] 40. If 0 £ x < , then the number of values of x for which
2
æ 5 ö é 1ù
(a) ç - , - 1÷ (b) ê -1, - ú sin x – sin 2x + sin 3x = 0, is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
è 4 ø ë 2û
(a) 3 (b) 1
æ 1 1ù é 3 5ù
(c) ç - , - ú (d) ê - , - ú (c) 4 (d) 2

è 2 4û ë 2 4û 41. The number of solutions of sin 3x = cos 2x, in the interval
35. The number of distinct solutions of the equation, æp ö
ç 2 , p ÷ is [Online April 15, 2018]
log1/2|sin x| = 2 – log1/2|cos x| in the interval [0, 2p], is _____. è ø
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) 3 (b) 4
36. The number of solutions of the equation (c) 2 (d) 1
42. If sum of all th e solution s of th e equation
é 5p 5p ù
1 + sin 4x = cos2 3x, x Î ê - , ú is : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
ë 2 2û æ æp ö æp ö 1ö
8cos x × ç cos ç + x ÷ × cos ç - x ÷ - ÷ - 1 in [0, p] is kp,
(a) 3 (b) 5 è è6 ø è6 ø 2ø
(c) 7 (d) 4 then k is equal to : [2018]
37. Let S be the set of all a Î R such that the equation, cos 2x 13 8
+ a sin x = 2a –7 has a solution. Then S is equal to : (a) (b)
9 9
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
20 2
(a) R (b) [1, 4] (c) (d)
9 3
(c) [3,7] (d) [2, 6]
43. If 0 £ x < 2p , then the number of real values of x, which
38. If [x] denotes the greatest integer < x, then the system of
satisfy the equation
linear equations
cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 is: [2016]
[sin q] x + [–cos q] y = 0 (a) 7 (b) 9
[cot q] x + y = 0 [April 12, 2019 (II)] (c) 3 (d) 5
p 2p ö 44. The number of x Î [0, 2p] for which
(a) have infinitely many solutions if qÎ æç , ÷ and
è2 3 ø
2 sin 4 x + 18cos 2 x - 2 cos 4 x + 18sin 2 x = 1 is
æ 7p ö
has a unique solution if qÎ ç p, ÷. [Online April 9, 2016]
è 6 ø
(a) 2 (b) 6
p 2p ö æ 7 p ö
(b) has a unique solution if q Î æç ,
(c) 4 (d) 8
÷ È ç p, ÷. The number of values of a in [0, 2p] for which
è2 3 ø è 6 ø 45.
2sin3a – 7 sin2 a + 7 sin a = 2, is: [Online April 9, 2014]
æ p 2p ö (a) 6 (b) 4
(c) has a unique solution if qÎ ç , ÷ and have
è2 3 ø (c) 3 (d) 1
46. Let A = {q : sin(q) = tan(q)} and B = {q : cos(q) = 1} be two
æ 7p ö
infinitely many solutions if qÎ ç p, ÷. sets. Then : [Online April 25, 2013]
è 6 ø (a) A = B
(d) have infinitely many solutions if (b) A Ë B
æ p 2p ö æ 7 p ö (c) B Ë A
qÎ ç , ÷ È ç p, ÷
è2 3 ø è 6 ø (d) A Ì B and B - A ¹ f

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M-14 Mathematics
The possible values of q Î( 0, p) such that

47. The number of solutions of the equation
50.
sin 2x – 2 cos x + 4 sin x = 4 in the interval [0, 5p] is :
[Online April 23, 2013] sin ( q) + sin ( 4q) + sin ( 7q) = 0 are [2011RS]
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 6 π 5π π 2π 3π 8π
(a) , , , , ,
48. Statement-1: The number of common solutions of the 4 12 2 3 4 9
trigonometric equations 2 sin 2 q – cos 2q = 0 and
2 cos2 q – 3 sin q = 0 in the interval [0, 2p] is two. 2p p p 2p 3p 35p
(b) , , , , ,
Statement-2: The number of solutions of the equation, 2 9 4 2 3 4 36
cos2 q – 3 sin q = 0 in the interval [0, p] is two.
2p p p 2 p 3p 8p
[Online April 22, 2013] (c) , , , , ,
9 4 2 3 4 9
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is a correct explanation for statement-1. 2π π 4π π 3π 8π

(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (d) , , , , ,
9 4 9 2 4 9
is not a correct explanation for statement-1.
51. The number of values of x in the interval [0, 3p] satisfying
(c) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(d) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. the equation 2sin 2 x + 5 sin x - 3 = 0 is [2006]
49. The equation esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0 has : [2012] (a) 4 (b) 6
(a) infinite number of real roots (c) 1 (d) 2
(b) no real roots 52. The number of solution of tan x + sec x = 2cos x in [0, 2 p )
(c) exactly one real root is [2002]
(a) 2 (b) 3
(d) exactly four real roots
(c) 0 (d) 1

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1. (b) 3(sin q – cos q)4 + 6(sin q + cos q)2 + 4sin6 q 2

æ 4ö
Now, sin2q + cos2q = 1 Þ sin q + ç ÷ = 1
2
= 3(1 – 2sin q cos q)2 + 6(1 + 2sin q cos q) + 4sin6 q è 5ø
= 3(1 + 4sin2 q cos2 q – 4sin q cos q) + 6
4 2 16 9
–12sin q cos q + 4sin6 q sin2q + = 1 Þ sin q = 1 - =
5 25 25
= 9 + 12sin q cos q+ 4 sin q
2 2 6
3
sin q = ± ...(2)
= 9 + 12cos2 q(1– cos2q) + 4(1 – cos2 q)3 5
= 9 + 12cos2q – 12cos4 q + 4(1 – cos6 q – 3cos2 q + 3cos4 q) æ 3ö æ 3ö

= 9 + 4 – 4cos6 q Taking çè sin q = + ÷ø because çè sin q = - ÷ø cannot
5 5
= 13 – 4cos6 q satisfy the given equation.
1 Therefore; 7 cosq + 6 sinq
2. (b) Let f k ( x) = (sin k x + cosk x )
k 4 3 28 18 46
= 7´ +6´ = + =
1 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
Consider f 4 ( x) - f 6 ( x) = (sin x + cos x) 4. (b) Given expression can be written as
4
1
- (sin 6 x + cos6 x) sin A
´
sin A
+
cos A
´
cos A
6 cos A sin A - cos A sin A cos A - sin A
1 1
= [1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x] - [1 - 3sin 2 x cos 2 x]
4 6 æ sin A ö
Q tan A = and
ç cos A ÷
=
1 1 1
- = ç ÷
ç cos A ÷
4 6 12 cot A =
è sin A ø
3. (d) Given 2 cos q + sin q = 1
Squaring both sides, we get
1 ìï sin 3 A - cos3 A ïü
(2 cos q + sin q)2 = 12
= í ý
sin A - cos A îï cos A sin A þï
Þ 4 cos 2 q + sin 2 q + 4sin q cos q = 1
Q a3 - b3 = (a - b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
Þ 3cos2 q + (cos 2 q + sin 2 q) + 4sin q cos q = 1
Þ 3cos2 q + 1 + 4sin q cos q = 1 sin 2 A + sin A cos A + cos 2 A
=
Þ 3 cos 2 q + 4 sin q cos q = 0 sin A cos A
Þ cos q(3cos q + 4sin q) = 0 = 1 + sec A cosec A
5. (c) Consider cos 255 + sin 195
Þ 3 cos q + 4 sin q = 0 Þ 3cos q = -4 sin q
= cos (270 – 15 ) + sin (180 + 15 )
-3 -3 = – sin 15 – sin 15
Þ = tan q = sec 2 q - 1 =
4 4 æ 3 -1 ö æ 3 -1 ö
= – 2 sin 15 = -2 çç ÷÷ = - çç 2 ÷÷
(Q tan q = sec q - 1
2
) 6.
è 2 2 ø
(c) Let f(x) = sin x and g(x) = x
è ø
æ -3ö 9
2
Statement-1: f ( x) £ g ( x) "x Î( 0, ¥)
Þ sec q - 1 = ç ÷ =
2
è 4ø 16 i.e., sin x £ x"x Î ( 0, ¥ )
9 25 5 which is true
Þ sec2q = +1 = Þ sec q =
16 16 4 Statement-2: f ( x) £ 1 " x Î( 0, ¥)
or cos q =
4
...(1) i.e., sin x £ 1 " x Î( 0, ¥)
5 It is true and
g(x) = x ® ¥ as x ® ¥ also true.

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M-16 Mathematics
1 2
x sin q
p p 1
(d) L + M = 1 - 2sin = cos =
2
7. (c) Area = 10. ...(i)
2 8 4 2
q x p
x and L – M = - cos ...(ii)
8
From equations (i) and (ii),
p
Maximum value of sinq is 1 at q = 1æ 1 pö 1 1 p
2 L= ç - cos ÷ = - cos and
2è 2 8ø 2 2 2 8
1 2
Amax = x
2 1æ 1 pö 1 1 p
M = ç + cos ÷ = + cos
pé p pù 2è 2 8ø 2 2 2 8
8. (b) cos ê4cos3 - 3cos ú
3
8ë 8û
8
11. (a) Let f ( x, y ) = x + y - 1
pé p pù
+ sin 3 ê3sin - 4sin 3 ú Given (1, 2) and (sin q, cos q) are lies on same side.
8ë 8 8û
p p p p \ f (1, 2) × f (sin q, cos q) > 0
= 4cos6 - 4sin 6 - 3cos 4 + 3sin 4
8 8 8 8 Þ 2[sin q + cos q - 1] > 0
éæ p p öù
= 4 êç cos 2 - sin 2 ÷ ú æ pö 1
ëè 8 8 øû Þ sin q + cos q > 1 Þ sin ç q + ÷ >
è 4ø 2
éæ 4 p 4p 2p 2 p öù
êç sin 8 + cos 8 + sin 8 cos 8 ÷ ú p æ p 3p ö æ pö
ë è øû Þ q+ Î ç , ÷ Þ q Î ç 0, ÷
4 è4 4ø è 2ø
éæ p p öæ p p öù
-3 êç cos2 - sin 2 ÷ç cos 2 + sin 2 ÷ ú 12. (a) Let the height of the tower be h and distance of the
ëè 8 8 øè 8 8 øû
foot of the tower from the point A is d.
pé æ p pö ù By the diagram,
= cos ê 4 ç1 - sin 2 cos 2 ÷ - 3ú
4ë è 8 8ø û
Q
1 é 1ù 1
= ê1- ú =
2ë 2 û 2 2
2 sin a 1 1 - cos 2 b 1
9. (1) = and = 30°
2 cos a 7 2 10 B h
2 sin b 1
Þ = 30 m
2 10
45°
1 1
\ tan a = and sin b = A d P
7 10
1 h
tan b = tan 45 = =1
3 d
1 2 h=d ...(i)
2.
2 tan b 3 h - 30
\ tan 2b = = 3 =3= tan 30 =
1 - tan b 1 -
2 1 8 4 d
9 9
3(h - 30) = d ...(ii)
tan a + tan 2b
tan(a + 2b) = Put the value of h from (i) to (ii),
1 - tan a tan 2b
3d = d + 30 3
1 3 4 + 21
+
= 7 4
1 3
= 28 = 1
25 d=
30 3
3 -1
= 15 3 ( ) (
3 + 1 = 15 3 + 3 )
1- .
7 4 28

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13. (b) cos2 10 – cos10 cos50 + cos2 50 2

æ5ö 12
æ 1 + cos 20° ö æ 1 + cos100° ö 1 cos (a – b) = 1 - ç ÷ =
=ç ÷+ç ÷ - (2cos10° cos50°) è 13 ø 13
è 2 ø è 2 ø 2
5
1 1 Þ tan (a – b) =
= 1 + (cos 20° + cos100°) - [cos60° + cos 40°] 12
2 2 Now, tan 2a = tan ((a + b) + (a – b))
æ 1ö 1 4 5
= ç1 - ÷ + [cos20° + cos100° - cos 40°] +
è 4ø 2 tan(a + b) + tan(a - b) 3 12 = 63
= = 4 5 16
3 1 1 - tan(a + b).tan(a - b) 1- .
= + [2cos 60° ´ cos 40° - cos 40°] 3 12
4 2
=
3 17. (d) Q The given equation is
4
sin4 a + 4 cos4 b + 2 = 4 2 sin a × cos b, a, b Î [0, p]
Then, by A.M., G.M. ineqality;
14. (a)
A.M. ³ G.M.
5
sin 4 a + 4cos 4 b + 1 + 1 1
15º
10 4 ( )
³ sin 4 a × 4 cos 4 b × 1 ×1 4
sin4a + 4cos4b + 1 + 1 ³ 4 2 sin a× |cos b |

5 Inequality still holds when cosb < 0 but L.H.S. is positive
15º than cosb > 0, then
d L.H.S. = R.H.S
By the diagram, 1
\ sin4 a = 1 and cos4 b =
( )
4
5 5 5 3 +1
tan15 = Þd = = p p
d tan15 3 -1 Þ a= and b =
2 4
(
5 4+2 3 ) =5 2+ 3 \ cos (a + b) – cos (a – b)
=
2
( ) æp ö æp ö
= cos çè + b÷ø - cos çè - bø÷
1 2 2
15. (a) Q sin(60 + A).sin(60 – A) sinA = sin3A
4 p
\ sin10 sin50 sin70 = sin10 sin(60 – 10) = –sinb – sinb = -2sin =- 2
4
1 1 k k
sin(60 + 10) =
4
sin30 18. (a) fk(x) = (sin x + cos x )
k
1 1 1
Þ sin10 sin30 sin50 sin70 = sin230 = 4 4
f4(x) = [sin x + cos x]
4 16 4
16. (b) Q a + b and a – b both are acute angles.
1é (sin 2 x) 2 ù
= 4 ê(sin x + cos x ) -
2 2 2
2 ú
3 æ3ö 4 ë 2 û
cos (a + b) = , then sin (a + b) = 1 - ç ÷ =
5 è5ø 5
1 é (sin 2 x )2 ù
4 = 4 ê1 - ú
tan (a + b) = ë 2 û
3
5 1 6 6
And sin (a – b) = , then f6(x) = [sin x + cos x ]
13 6
1é 3 2ù
= ê(sin x + (cos x) - (sin x) ú
2 2 2
6ë 4 û

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M-18 Mathematics
1é 3 2ù 17 æ 2
2
1 ö 17 9 17
= ê1 - (sin 2 x) ú - £ ç cos x - ÷ - £ -
6ë 4 û 16 è 4 ø 16 16 16
1 1 (sin 2 x )2 1 ìïæ 17 üï 1
2
Now f4(x) – f(6)(x) = - - + (sin 2 x )2 17 1ö
4 6 8 8 ³ -4 íç cos 2 x - ÷ - ý ³
4 è 4ø 16 ïþ 2
îï
1
= 17
12
M=
p p p p 4
19. (a) A = cos .cos 3 ... cos 10 .sin 10
1
22 2 2 2 m=
2
1æ p p p pö
= çè cos 2 .cos 3 ... cos 9 sin 9 ÷ø 17 2 15
2 2 2 2 2 M–m= - =
4 4 4
1æ p pö 1 p
= ç cos 2 .sin 2 ÷ø = 9 sin 3
28 è 2 2 2 2 22. (b) Let cos a + cos b =
2
1
= a+b a -b 3
512 Þ 2 cos cos = ...(i)
20. (a) We have 2 2 2
5 tan2 x – 5 cos2 x = 2 (2 cos2 x –1 ) + 9 1
Þ 5 tan2 x – 5 cos2 x = 4 cos2 x –2 + 9 and sin a + sin b =
2
Þ 5 tan2 x = 9 cos2 x + 7
Þ 5 (sec2 x – 1) = 9 cos2 x + 7 a +b a -b 1
Þ 2sin cos = ...(ii)
Let cos2 x = t 2 2 2
5 On dividing (ii) by (i), we get
Þ - 9t - 12 = 0
t æ a + bö 1
Þ 9t2 + 12t – 5 = 0 tan ç
è 2 ÷ø = 3
Þ 9t2 + 15t – 3t – 5 = 0
Þ (3t – 1) (3t + 5) = 0 a+b
Given : q = Þ 2q = a + b
1 5 2
Þ t = as t ¹ – .
3 3 Consider sin 2q + cos 2q = sin (a + b) + cos (a + b)
æ1ö 1 2 1
cos 2x = 2 cos2 x – 1 = 2 ç ÷ – 1 = – 1-
è3ø 3 3 + 9 6 8 7
+ =
2
= =
æ 1ö 1 1 10 10 5
7 1+ 1+
cos 4x = 2 cos2 2x – 1 = 2 ç - ÷ - 1 = - 9 9
è 3ø 9
1 p+q p-q
21. (b) 4 + sin2 2x – 2 cos4 x 23. (b) cosecq = , sin q =
2 p-q p+q
4 + 2 (1 – cos2 x) cos2 x – 2 cos4 x
2
æ p - qö 2 pq
ïì cos2 x 1 1 ïü cos q = ± 1 - sin 2 q = 1 - ç =
- 4 ícos 4 x - -1 + - ý è p + q ø÷ ( p + q)
îï 2 16 16 þï
p q q
ìïæ 1ö
2
17 üï cot cot - 1 cot - 1
- 4 íç cos 2 x - ÷ - ý æ p qö 4 2 2
è cot ç + ÷ = =
îï 4ø 16 ïþ è 4 2ø p q q
cot + cot cot + 1
2
0 < cos x < 1 4 2 2
-
1 1 3
£ cos2 x - £ q q
cos - sin
4 4 4 2 2
= q q
æ 1ö
2
9 cos + sin
0 £ ç cos2 x - ÷ £ 2 2
è 4ø 16
On rationaliing denominator, we get

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Þ [sina + sin b + sin g ]2 + (cos a + cos b + cos g )2 = 0

æ q qöæ q qö
cos - sin cos + sin Þ sina + sin b + sin g = 0 and cos a + cos b + cos g = 0
ç 2 2÷ ç 2 2÷
ç q q÷ç q q÷ \ A and B both are true.
çè cos + sin ÷ø çè cos + sin ÷ø 27. (c) Given that p2 + q2 = 1
2 2 2 2
\ p = cos q and q = sin q satisfy the given equation
cos q Then p + q = cos q + sin q
=
2 q 2q q q
sin + cos + 2sin cos We know that
2 2 2 2
- a 2 + b2 £ a cos q + b sin q £ a 2 + b 2
cos q 2 pq / ( p + q ) pq q
= = = = \ – 2 £ cos q + sin q £ 2
1 + sin q ( p - q) p p
1+ Hence max. value of p + q is
p+q 2
1 1
24. (d) A = sin 2 x + cos 4 x 28. (c) cos x + sin x = Þ 1 + sin 2 x =
2 4
= sin 2 x + cos 2 x(1 - sin 2 x )
3
Þ sin 2 x = - ,
1 4
= sin 2 x + cos 2 x - (2 sin x.cos x) 2
4 \ p < 2x < 2p
1 2
= 1 - sin (2 x ) p
Þ <x£p ...(i)
4 2
Q –1 £ sin 2x £ 1
Þ 0 £ sin 2 (2 x) £ 1 2 tan x 3
2
=-
1 + tan x 4
1 1
Þ 0 ³ – sin 2 (2 x ) ³ - Þ 3 tan x + 8 tan x + 3 = 0
2
4 4
-8 ± 64 - 36 -4 ± 7
Þ 1 ³ 1 - sin 2 (2 x ) ³ 1 - 1
1 \ tan x = =-
4 4 6 3
Þ1 ³ A ³ 3 p
for < x < p , tan x < 0
4 2
4 3
25. (a) cos(a + b) = Þ tan(a + b) = \ tan x =
-4 - 7
5 4 3
5 5
sin(a - b) = Þ tan(a - b) = ( a 4 + b 4 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q
13 12 29. (a) u 2 = a2 + b2 + 2 … (1)
+ a 2b 2 (cos 4 q + sin 4 q)
tan 2a = tan [ (a + b) + (a - b)]
Now, (a 4 + b4 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q + a 2 b2 (cos4 q + sin 4 q )
3 5
+
tan(a + b) + tan(a - b) 4 12 = 56 = (a4 + b4 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q + a 2 b2 (1 - 2cos 2 q sin 2 q )
= =
1 - tan(a + b ) tan(a - b ) 1 - 3 . 5 33
4 12 = (a4 + b4 - 2a 2b 2 ) cos 2 q sin 2 q + a 2 b2
26. (b) Given that
sin 2 2q
3 = (a 2 - b 2 )2 . + a 2b2 …(2)
cos (b – g ) + cos ( g – a) + cos (a – b) = - 4
2
Þ 2 [cos (b – g ) + cos ( g – a) + cos (a – b)] + 3 = 0 Q 0 £ sin 2 2q £ 1
Þ 2 [cos (b – g ) + cos ( g – a) + cos (a – b)] sin 2 2q (a 2 - b 2 ) 2
+ sin2 a + cos2 a + sin2 b + cos2 b Þ 0 £ (a 2 - b 2 )2 £
4 4
+ sin2 g + cos2 a = 0
Þ [sin a + sin b + sin g + 2 sin a sin b
2 2 2 sin 2 2q
Þ a 2b2 £ (a 2 - b 2 )2 + a 2b2
+ 2 sin b sin g + 2 sin g sina ] + [cos2a + cos2 b 4
+ cos2 g + 2cosa cosb + 2 cos b cos g 1
£ (a 2 - b 2 )2 . + a 2b2 ....(3)
+ 2cos g cos a] = 0 4
[Q cos(A - B) = cosA.cosB + sinA.sinB]

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M-20 Mathematics
From (1)
Þ as sin 2 2q Î[0, 1]
( a 2 + b2 )
2 2
a 2 + b 2 + 2 a 2b 2 £ u 2 £ a 2 + b 2 + é -1ù
2 Þ l Î ê -1, ú
ë 2û
(
(a + b)2 £ u 2 £ 2 a 2 + b2 ) 35. (8) log1/2 |sinx| = 2 – log1/2 |cosx|
\ Max. value – Min. value Þ log1/2 |sinx cosx| = 2
= 2(a 2 + b2 ) - (a + b 2 ) = (a - b)2 1
Þ |sinx cosx| =
4
30. (d) p < a - b < 3p
1
p a - b 3p a-b Þ sin2x = ±
Þ < < Þ cos <0 ....(1) 2
2 2 2 2
21
sin a + sin b = -
65
a+b a-b 21
Þ 2 sin cos =- ....(2)
2 2 65
27
cos a + cos b = - Hence, total number of solutions = 8.
65
36. (c) Consider equation, 1 + sin 4x = cos23x
a+b a -b 27
Þ 2 cos cos =- ....(3) L.H.S. = 1 + sin4 x and R.H.S. = cos23x
2 2 65
QL.H.S. ³ 1 and R.H.S. £ 1 Þ L.H.S. = R.H.S. = 1
Squaring and adding (2) and (3), we get
sin4x = 0, and cos23x = 1
a - b (21) 2 + (27) 2 1170 Þ sin x = 0 and (4cos2x – 3)2 cos2x = 1
4 cos 2 = =
2 (65) 2 65 ´ 65 Þ sin x = 0 and cos2x = 1 Þ x = 0, ±p, ±2p
a -b 9 a -b 3 Hence, total number of solutions is 5.
\ cos 2 = Þ cos =- [from (1)] 37. (d) Given equation is, cos 2x + a sin x = 2a – 7
2 130 2 130
1 – 2sin2x + a sin x = 2a – 7
31. (c) Given f ( x ) = log( x + x 2 + 1) 2sin2x – a sinx + (2a – 8) = 0
{ }
ìï x 2 - x 2 + 1 üï a ± a 2 - 8(2a + 8)
f (- x) = log - x + x2 + 1 = log í ý Þ sin x =
4
îï x + x + 1 þï
2
a ± (a - 8) a-4
Þ sin x = Þ sin x =
= - log( x + x 2 + 1) = - f ( x ) 4 4
Þ f(x) is an odd function. [sin x = 2 (reected)]
1 - cos 2q a-4
32. (b) We know that sin 2 q = ; Q equation has solution, then Î [-1,1]
2 4
2p Þ a Î [2,6]
Since period of cos 2q = =p
2 38. (a) According to the question, there are two cases.
Hence period of sin q is also p.
2
æ p 2p ö
33. (b) we know that cos x is non periodic Case 1 : qÎ ç , ÷
è2 3 ø
\ cos x + cos 2 x can not be periodic. In this interval, [sin q] = 0, [– cos q] = 0 and [cot q] = – 1
34. (b) sin 4 q + cos 4 q = -l Then the system of equations will be ;
0 . x + 0 . y = 0 and – x + y = 0
Þ (sin 2 q + cos2 q) 2 - 2sin 2 q× cos 2 q = -l
Which have infinitely many solutions.
Þ 1 - 2sin 2 q cos 2 q = -l æ 7p ö
Case 2 : qÎ ç p, ÷
(sin 2q) 2 è 6 ø
Þl= -1
2 In this interval, [sin q] = – 1 and [– cos q] = 0,

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Then the system of equations will be ; æ1 ö

– x + 0 . y = 0 and [cot q] x + y = 0 Þ 8cos x ç - 1 + cos 2 x ÷ = 1
è 4 ø
Clearly, x = 0 and y = 0 which has unique solution.
æ 3ö
39. (c) 2cos2q + 3sinq = 0 Þ 8cos x ç cos 2 x - ÷ = 1
è 4ø
(2sinq + 1) (sinq – 2) = 0
æ 4cos3 x - 3cos x ö
1 Þ 8ç ÷ =1
Þ sinq = - or sin q = 2 ® Not possibe ç 4 ÷
2 è ø
Þ 2(4 cos3 x - 3cos x) = 1
1
Þ 2cos3x = 1 Þ cos3x =
2
p
p \ 3x = 2np ± , n Î1
p
- 3
6 6
2np p
Þ x= ±
3 9
p 2p p 2p p
The required sum of all solutions in [–2p , 2p] is In x Î [0, p]: x = , + , - , only
9 3 9 3 9
æ pö æ pö æ pö æ pö
= ç p + ÷ + ç 2p - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ç -p + ÷ = 2p Sum of all the solutions of the equation
è 6 ø è 6 ø è 6 ø è 6ø
æ1 2 1 2 1ö 13
40. (d) sinx – sin2x + sin3x = 0 = ç + + + - ÷p = p
è 9 3 9 3 9 ø 9
Þ sinx – 2 sinx.cosx + 3 sinx – 4 sin3x = 0 43. (a) cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0
Þ 2 cos 2x cos x + 2 cos 3x cos x = 0
Þ 4 sinx – 4 sin3x – 2 sinx.cosx = 0
æ 5x xö
Þ 2 sinx(1– sin2x) – sinx.cosx = 0 Þ 2cos x ç 2cos cos ÷ = 0
è 2 2ø
Þ 2 sinx.cos2x – sinx.cosx = 0
5x x
Þ sinx.cosx(2 cosx – 1) = 0 cos x = 0, cos = 0 , cos = 0
2 2
1
\ sinx = 0, cosx = 0, cosx = p 3p p 3p 7p 9p
2 x = p, , , , , ,
2 2 5 5 5 5
p é pö
\ x = 0, Q x Î ê0, ø÷ 2sin 4 x + 18cos 2 x - 2cos 4 x + 18sin 2 x = 1
3 ë 2 44. (d)
41. (d) sin 3x = cos 2x
Þ 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x = 1 – 2 sin2 x 2sin 4 x + 18cos2 x - 2 cos 4 x + 18sin 2 x = ± 1
Þ 4 sin3 x – 2 sin2 x – 3 sin x + 1 = 0
2sin 4 x + 18cos 2 x = ±1 + 2cos4 x + 18sin 2 x
-2±2 5
Þ sin x = 1, by squaring both the sides we will get 8 solutions
8
45. (c) 2 sin3a – 7sin2a + 7 sina – 2 = 0
æp ö -2+2 5 Þ 2 sin2a (sina – 1) – 5 sina (sina – 1)
In the interval ç , p ÷ , sin x =
è 2 ø 8 + 2 (sina – 1) = 0
So, there is only one solution. Þ (sin a – 1) (2 sin2 a – 5 sina + 2) = 0
p
(a) Q 8cos x çæ cos 2 - sin 2 x - ö÷ = 1 Þ sin a – 1 = 0 or 2 sin2 a – 5 sina + 2 = 0
1
42.
è 6 2ø
5 ± 25 - 16 5 ± 3
sin a = 1 or sin a = =
æ3 1 ö 4 4
Þ 8cos x ç - - sin 2 x ÷ = 1
è4 2 ø p 1
a= or sin a = ,2
æ1 ö 2 2
Þ 8cos x ç - (1 - cos 2 x) ÷ = 1
è4 ø Now, sin a ¹ 2

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M-22 Mathematics
1 49. (b) Given equation is esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0

for, sin a = Put esin x = t in the given equation, we get
2
t2 – 4t – 1 = 0
p 2p
a= , 4 ± 16 + 4 4 ± 20
3 3 Þ t= =
2 2
There are three values of a between [0, 2p]
46. (b) Let A = {q : sin q = tan q} 4± 2 5
= = 2± 5
and B = {q : cos q = 1} 2
ì sin q ü Þ esin x = 2 ± 5 (Q t = esin x )

Now, A = íq : sin q = ý
î cos qþ sin x
Þ e = 2 - 5 and esin x = 2 + 5
= {q : sin q (cos q – 1) = 0}
Þ esin x = 2 - 5 < 0
= {q = 0, p, 2p, 3p,.....}
For B : cos q = 1 Þ q = p, 2p, 4p,...... and sin x = ln(2 + 5) > 1
This shows that A is not contained in B. i.e. A Ë B. but So, reected.
B Ì A. Hence, given equation has no solution.
47. (a) sin 2x – 2 cos x + 4 sin x = 4 \ The equation has no real roots.
Þ 2 sin x . cos x – 2 cos x + 4 sin x – 4 = 0 50. (d) sin 4q + 2sin 4q cos 3q = 0
Þ (sin x – 1) (cos x – 2) = 0 sin 4q (1 + 2cos 3q) = 0
Q cos x – 2 ¹ 0, \ sin x = 1 1
sin 4q = 0 or cos 3q = -
p 5p 9 p 2
\ x= , ,
2 2 2 4q = n p ; n Î I
48. (b) 2 sin2 q – cos 2q = 0 2p
Þ 2 sin2 q – (1 – 2 sin2 q) = 0 or 3q = 2np ± , n ÎI
3
Þ 2 sin2 q – 1+ 2 sin2q = 0
p p 3p 2p 8p 4 p
q= , , or q= , , [Q q, Î (0, p)]
1 4 2 4 9 9 9
Þ4 sin2q = 1 Þ sin q = ±
2 y
p 3p 5p 7 p
\ q= , , , , q Î [0, 2 p] 1
4 4 4 4 y=
51. (a) 2
x
p 5p 7 p 11p x' O 3p
\ q= , , , y' y = sin x
6 6 6 6
Now 2 cos2 q – 3 sin q = 0 2sin 2 x + 5 sin x - 3 = 0
Þ 2 (1 – sin2 q) – 3 sin q = 0
Þ (sin x + 3)(2sin x - 1) = 0
Þ – 2 sin2 q – 3 sin q + 2 = 0
Þ – 2 sin2 q – 4 sin q + sin q + 2 = 0 Þ sin x =
1
and sin x ¹ -3
Þ 2 sin2 q – sin q + 4 sin q – 2 = 0 2
Þ sin q (2 sin q – 1) + 2 (2 sin q – 1) = 0 \ In [0, 3p] , x has 4 values.
1 52. (b) Q tan x + sec x = 2 cos x;
Þ sin q = , -2 Þ sin x + 1 = 2cos2 x
2
Þ sin x + 1 = 2(1 – sin 2 x);
But sin q = – 2, is not possible Þ 2sin2x + sin x – 1= 0;
1 p 5p Þ (2sin x – 1)(sin x + 1) = 0
\ sin q = , –2 Þ q= ,
2 6 6 1
Þ sin x = , –1.;
Hence, there are two common solution, there each of the 2
statement-1 and 2 are true but statement-2 is not a correct Þ x = 30 , 150 , 270 .
explanation for statement-1. Number of solution = 3

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Principle of Mathematical Induction M-23
4
Principle of
Mathematical Induction
(a) Principle of mathematical induction can be used to

Problems Based on Sum of Series, prove the formula
TOPIC Ć Problems Based on Inequality and
Divisibility (b) S ( K ) Þ S ( K + 1)
1. Consider the statement: “P(n) : n2 – n + 41 is prime.” Then (c) S ( K ) Þ

/ S ( K + 1)
which one of the following is true? [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) Both P(3) and P(5) are true. (d) S (1) is correct
(b) P(3) is false but P(5) is true.
(c) Both P(3) and P(5) are false. 3. If an = 7 + 7 + 7 + ... ... having n radical signs then by
(d) P(5) is false but P(3) is true.
methods of mathematical induction which is true [2002]
2. Let S ( K ) = 1 + 3 + 5... + (2 K - 1) = 3 + K 2 . Then which of (a) an > 7 " n ³ 1 (b) an < 7 " n ³ 1
the following is true [2004]
(c) an < 4 " n ³ 1 (d) an < 3 " n ³ 1

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M-24 Mathematics
1. (a) P(n) = n2 – n + 41 Adding 2K + 1 on both sides

Þ P(3) = 9 – 3 + 41 = 47 (prime)
Þ 1 + 3 + 5.... + (2 K - 1) + 2 K + 1
& P(5) = 25 – 5 + 41 = 61 (prime)
\ P(3) and P(5) are both prime i.e., true. = 3 + K 2 + 2K + 1 = 3 + (K + 1)2 = S ( K + 1)
2. (b) S(K) = 1+3+5+...+(2K – 1) = 3 + K2
\ S ( K ) Þ S ( K + 1)
S (1) :1 = 3 + 1, which is not true
3. (b) For n = 1, a1 = 7 < 7. Let am < 7.

Q S (1) is not true.
\ P.M.I cannot be applied Then am + 1 = 7 + am
Let S(K) is true, i.e. Þ a2m + 1 = 7 + am < 7 + 7 < 14.
S(K) : 1 + 3 + 5.... + (2 K - 1) = 3 + K 2 Þ am + 1 < 14 < 7; So, by the principle of mathematical
induction an < 7, " n.

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Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations M-25
5
Complex Numbers and
Quadratic Equations
z -i
Integral Powers of lota, Algebraic 6. Let z be a complex number such that =1
Operations of Complex Numbers, z + 2i
TOPIC Ć Conjugate, Modulus and Argument 5
or Amplitude of a Complex Number and z = . Then the value of |z + 3i| is :
2
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
3 + i sin q
1. If , q Î [0, 2p], is a real number, then an argument 7 15
4 - i cos q (a) 10 (b) (c) (d) 2 3
2 4
of sinq + icosq is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
7. If z be a complex number satisfying |Re(z)| + |Im(z)| = 4,
-1 æ 4 ö -1 æ 3 ö
(a) p - tan èç ø÷ (b) p - tan èç ø÷ then |z| cannot be: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
3 4
17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
-1 æ 3 ö -1 æ
4ö 10 7 8
(c) - tan èç ø÷
2
(d) tan çè ÷ø
4 3 2z - n
8. Let z Î C with Im(z) = 10 and it satisfies = 2i - 1 for
2. If the four complex numbers z, z , z - 2Re( z ) and 2z + n
z - 2Re( z ) represent the vertices of a square of side some natural number n. Then : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
4 units in the Argand plane, then |z| is equal to : (a) n = 20 and Re(z) = –10
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] (b) n = 40 and Re(z) = 10
(a) 4 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 2 (d) 2 (c) n = 40 and Re(z) = –10
30 (d) n = 20 and Re(z) = 10
æ -1 + i 3 ö
3. The value of çç ÷÷ is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] 9. The equation z - i = z - 1 , i = -1 , represents:
è 1- i ø
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) – 215 (b) 215 i (c) – 215 i (d) 65
m/2 n/3
1
æ1+ iö æ1+ iö (a) a circle of radius .
If ç =ç = 1, (m, n Î N ) , then the 2
è 1 - i ÷ø è i - 1÷ø
4.
(b) the line through the origin with slope 1.
greatest common divisor of the least values of m and n is (c) a circle of radius 1.
_________. [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] (d) the line through the origin with slope – 1.
5. If z1, z2 are complex numbers such that Re(z1) = |z1 – 1|,
(1 + i )2 2
p 10. If a > 0 and = , has magnitude , then is
Re(z2) = |z2 – 1| and arg( z1 - z2 ) = , then Im( z1 + z2 ) is a -i 5
6
equal to : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
1 3 3 1
2 3 1 (a) - - i (b) - - i
(a) (b) 2 3 (c) (d) 5 5 5 5
3 2 3
1 3 1 3
(c) - i (d) - + i
5 5 5 5

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M-26 Mathematics
11. If z and w are two complex numbers such that zw = 1 and 1 + (1 – 8a) z
18. The set of all a Î R, for which w = is a purely
1– z
p
arg(z) – arg(w) =
2
, then: [April 10, 2019 (II)] imaginary number, for all z Î C satisfying |z| = 1 and
Re z ¹ 1, is [Online April 15, 2018]
-1 + i (a) {0} (b) an empty set
(a) zw = i (b) z w =
2
ì 1 1ü
(c) í0, , – ý (d) equal to R
1- i î 4 4þ
(c) zw = -i (d) z w =
2
2 + 3isin q
5 + 3z 19. A value ofqfor which is purely imaginary, is:
1 - 2isin q
12. Let z Î C be such that |z| < 1. If w = 5(1 - z ) , then :
[2016]
[April 09, 2019 (II)]

-1 æ 3 ö -1 æ 1 ö
(a) 5 Re (w) > 4 (b) 4 Im (w) > 5 (a) sin çç 4 ÷÷ (b) sin ç ÷
(c) 5 Re (w) > 1 (d) 5 Im (w) < 1 è ø è 3ø
z -a p p
13. If (a Î R ) is a purely imaginary number and || = 2, (c) (d)
z +a 3 6
then a value of a is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] 20. If is a non-real complex number, then the minimum
1 lmz 5
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c)
(d) 2 value of is : [Online April 11, 2015]
2 (lmz )5
14. Let 1 and 2 be two complex numbers satisfying |1| = 9
(a) –1 (b) –4 (c) –2 (d) –5
and |2 | – |3|–|4i||=|4. Then the minimum value of
|1 – 2| is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] 21. If z is a complex number such that z ³ 2, then the minimum
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
1
value of z + : [2014]
15. Let be a complex number such that + = 3 + i 2
( where i = -1 . ) (a) is strictly greater than

5
2
Then | | is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
3 5
34 5 41 5 (b) is strictly greater than but less than
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 2
3 3 4 4
16. Let 1 and 2 be any two non-ero complex numbers such 5
(c) is equal to
2
31 2 2
that 3 | 1 | = 4 | 2 |. If = 2 + 3 then: (d) lie in the interval (1, 2)
2 1 22. For all complex numbers of the form 1 + ia, a Î R , if
[Jan. 10 2019 (II)] 2 = x + iy, then [Online April 19, 2014]
(a) y2 – 4x + 2 = 0 (b) y2 + 4x – 4 = 0
5
(a) Re() = 0 (b) | | = (c) y2 – 4x – 4 = 0 (d) y2 + 4x + 2 = 0
2
-i
1 17 23. Let ¹ – i be any complex number such that is a
(c) | | = (d) Im() = 0 +i
2 2 purely imaginary number.
ì æ p ö 3 + 2isin q ü 1
17. Let A= íqÎ ç - , p ÷ : is purely imaginary ý . Then + is: [Online April 12, 2014]
î è 2 ø 1 - 2isin q þ
(a) ero
Then the sum of the elements in A is: [Jan. 9 2019 (I)]
(b) any non-ero real number other than 1.
5p 3p 2p (c) any non-ero real number.
(a) (b) p (c) (d)
6 4 3 (d) a purely imaginary number.

www.clearjee.xyz
24. If 1, 2 and 3, 4 are 2 pairs of complex conugate numbers, 2 2

then
30. z1 + z2 + z1 - z2 is equal to [Online May 26, 2012]
æ
arg ç 1
ö æ 2 ö
÷ + arg ç ÷ equals: [Online April 11, 2014]
(a) 2 ( z1 + z2 ) (
(b) 2 z1 + z2
2 2
)
è 4 ø è 3 ø 2 2
(c) z1 z2 (d) z1 + z2
p 3p 31. Let Z and W be complex numbers such that |Z| = |W|, and
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) p
2 2 arg Z denotes the principal argument of Z.
25. Let w (Im w ¹ 0) be a complex number. Then the set of all [Online May 19, 2012]
complex number satisfying the equation Statement 1:If arg Z + arg W = p, then Z = -W .
w - w = k (1 - ) , for some real number k, is Statement 2: |Z| = |W|, implies arg Z – arg W = p.
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
[Online April 9, 2014] (b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is

(a) { : = 1} (b) { : = } a correct explanation for Statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(c) { : ¹ 1} (d) { : = 1, ¹ 1}
not a correct explanation for Statement 1.
(d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
26. If z is a complex n umber of unit modulus and 32. Let Z1 and Z2 be any two complex number.
æ 1+ z ö Statement 1: Z1 - Z 2 ³ Z1 - Z 2
argument q, then arg ç
è 1 + z ÷ø
equals: [2013]
Statement 2: Z1 + Z 2 £ Z1 + Z 2 [Online May 7, 2012]
p (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(a) –q (b) –q (c) q (d) p – q a correct explanation of Statement 1.
2 (b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
27. Let z satisfy| z | = 1 and = 1– z . not a correct explanation of Statement 1.
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
Statement 1 : z is a real number. (d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
p 33. The number of complex numbers such that
Statement 2 : Principal argument of is |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals [2010]
3
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) ¥ (d) 0
1
(a) Statement 1 is true Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is 34. The conugate of a complex number is then that
a correct explanation for Statement 1. i –1
(b) Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true complex number is [2008]
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. –1 1 –1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(d) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is i –1 i +1 i +1 i –1
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. 1
æx yö
If z = x - i y and z 3 = p + iq, then çè p + q ø÷ ( p + q )
2 2
35.
æ 1+ z 2 ö
28. Let a = Im ç ÷ , where z is any non-ero complex
ç 2iz ÷ is equal to [2004]
è ø (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 1
number. [Online April 23, 2013] 36. Let and w be complex numbers such that z + i w = 0
The set A = {a : | z | = 1 and z ¹ ±1 } is equal to: and arg zw = p. Then arg equals [2004]
(a) (– 1, 1) (b) [– 1, 1] (c) [0, 1) (d) (– 1, 0] 5p p 3p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Z2 4 2 4 4
29. If Z1 ¹ 0 and Z2 be two complex numbers such that
Z1 æ1+ i ö
x
37. If ç ÷ = 1 then [2003]
è1- i ø
2Z1 + 3Z 2
is a purely imaginary number, then 2Z - 3Z is equal to: (a) x = 2n + 1 , where n is any positive integer
1 2 (b) x = 4n , where n is any positive integer
[Online April 9, 2013] (c) x = 2n , where n is any positive integer
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 1 (d) x = 4n + 1 , where n is any positive integer..

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M-28 Mathematics
38. If z and w are two non-ero complex numbers such that
æ z -1 ö
p 46. If Re çè ÷ = 1, where z = x + iy, then the point (x, y) lies
zw = 1 and Arg ( z ) - Arg (w ) = , then zw is equal to 2z + i ø
2 on a: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
[2003]
(a) – 1 (b) 1 (c) – i (d) i æ 1 3ö
(a) circle whose centre is at èç - , - ø÷ .
39. If | – 4 | < | – 2 |, its solution is given by [2002] 2 2
(a) Re(z) > 0 (b) Re(z) < 0
2
(c) Re(z) > 3 (d) Re(z) > 2 (b) straight line whose slope is - .
40. z and w are two non ero complex numbers such that 3
| z | = | w| and Arg + Arg w = p then equals [2002] 3
(a) w (b) – w (c) w (d) – w (c) straight line whose slope is
2
.
Rotational Theorem, Square Root 5

of a Complex Number, Cube Roots (d) circle whose diameter is .
2
TOPIC n of Unity, Geometry of Complex
Numbers, De-moiver’s Theorem,
Powers of Complex Numbers 47. If z = 3 + i ( i = -1 ) , then (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 is equal
2 2
41. Let z = x + iy be a non-ero complex number such that to: [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) 0 (b) 1
z2 = i |z|2, where i = -1 , then z lies on the:
(c) (– 1 + 2i)9 (d) – 1
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(a) line, y = –x (b) imaginary axis 3
x + iy
(c) line, y = x (d) real axis 48.
æ
è
1 ö
Let ç -2 - i ÷ =
3 ø 27
( )
i = -1 , where x and y are real
42. If a and b are real numbers such that (2 + a ) = a + ba ,
4
numbers then y – x equals : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(a) 91 (b) – 85 (c) 85 (d) – 91
-1 + i 3
where a = , then a + b is equal to : 5 5
2 æ 3 iö æ 3 iö
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] 49. Let z = çç + ÷÷ + çç - ÷÷ . If R(z) and I(z)
(a) 9 (b) 24 (c) 33 (d) 57 è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
respectively denote the real and imaginary parts of z,
3
æ 2p 2p ö then: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
1 + sin + i cos
ç 9 9 ÷ is : (a) I(z) = 0 (b) R(z) > 0 and I(z) > 0
43. The value of ç
2p 2p ÷ (c) R(z) < 0 and I(z) > 0 (d) R(z) = – (c)
ç 1 + sin - i cos ÷
è 9 9 ø n
æ1+ i 3 ö
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 50. The least positive integer n for which çç ÷÷ = 1, is
è1 – i 3 ø
1 1
(a) (1 - i 3) (b) ( 3 - i) [Online April 16, 2018]
2 2
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 3
1 1 51. The point represented by 2 + i in the Argand plane moves
(c) - ( 3 - i ) (d) - (1 - i 3)
2 2 1 unit eastwards, then 2 units northwards and finally from
44. The imaginary part of (3 + 2 -54)1/ 2 - (3 - 2 -54)1/ 2 there 2 2 units in the south–westwards direction. Then
its new position in the Argand plane is at the point
can be : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
represented by : [Online April 9, 2016]
(a) - 6 (b) -2 6 (c) 6 (d) 6 (a) 1 + i (b) 2 + 2i (c) –2 – 2i (d) –1 – i
100 100 52. A complex number is said to be unimodular if || = 1.
-1 + i 3
. If a = (1 + a) å a and b = å a ,
2k 3k
45. Let a = 1 - 2 2
2 k =0 k =0
Suppose 1 and 2 are complex numbers such that 2 -
then a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation: 1 2
[Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] is unimodular and 2 is not unimodular. Then the point 1
(a) x2 + 101x + 100 = 0 (b) x2 – 102 x + 101 = 0 lies on a: [2015]
(c) x2 – 101x + 100 = 0 (d) x2 + 102x +101 = 0

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(a) circle of radius 2.

Solutions of Quadratic Equations,
(b) circle of radius 2.
Sum and Product of Roots, Nature
(c) straight line parallel to x-axis TOPIC Đ of Roots, Relation Between Roots
(d) straight line parallel to y-axis. and Co-efficients, Formation of an
2 Equation with Given Roots.
53. If z ¹ 1 and z is real, then the point represented by the
z -1 61. If a and b be two roots of the equation x2 – 64x + 256 = 0.
complex number z lies : [2012]
(a) either on the real axis or on a circle passing through 1 1
the origin. æ a 3 ö 8 æ b3 ö 8
Then the value of ç ÷ + ç ÷ is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
(b) on a circle with centre at the origin è b5 ø è a5 ø
(c) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing through
the origin. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4
(d) on the imaginary axis. 62. If a and b are the roots of the equation 2x(2x + 1) = 1, then
b is equal to: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
54. If w( ¹ 1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 + w )7 = A + Bw. (a) 2a(a + 1) (b) –2a(a + 1)
Then (A, B) equals [2011] (c) 2a(a – 1) (d) 2a2
(a) (1, 1) (b) (1, 0) (c) (–1, 1) (d) (0, 1) 63. The product of the roots of the equation 9x2 – 18| x | + 5 = 0,
55. If | z + 4 | £ 3, then th e maximum value of is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
| z + 1 | is [2007] 5 25 5 25
(a) 6 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 10 (a) (b) (c) (d)
9 81 27 9
z If a and b are the roots of the equation, 7 x 2 - 3 x - 2 = 0,
56. If w = and | w | = 1, then lies on [2005] 64.
1
z- i a b
3 the the value of + is equal to :
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle 1- a 2
1 - b2
(c) a straight line (d) a parabola [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
57. If z1 and z2 are two non- ero complex numbers such that 27 1 3 27
(a) (b) (c) (d)
| z1 + z2 | = | z1 | + | z2 | , then arg z1 – arg z2 is equal to 32 24 8 16
[2005] 2z + i
65. Let u = , z = x + iy and k > 0. If the curve
p -p z - ki
(a) (b) – p (c) 0 (d)
2 2 represented by Re(u) + Im(u) = 1 intersects the y-axis at the
points P and Q where PQ = 5, then the value of k is :
58. If the cube roots of unity are 1, w , w 2 then the roots of [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
the equation ( x –1)3 + 8 = 0, are [2005] (a) 3/2 (b) 1/2 (c) 4 (d) 2
66. Let l ¹ 0 be in R. If a and b are roots of the equation,
(a) –1, –1 + 2 w , – 1 – 2 w2
(b) –1, – 1, – 1 x 2 - x + 2l = 0 and a and g are the roots of the equation,
bg
(c) – 1, 1 – 2 w , 1 – 2 w
2
3 x 2 - 10 x + 27 l = 0, then is equal to :
l
(d) – 1, 1 + 2 w , 1 + 2 w
2
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
59. If | z 2 - 1|=| z |2 +1, then lies on [2004] (a) 27 (b) 18 (c) 9 (d) 36
67. If a and b are the roots of the equation x2 + px + 2 = 0 and
(a) an ellipse (b) the imaginary axis
(c) a circle (d) the real axis 1 1
and are the roots of the equation 2x2 + 2qx + 1 = 0,
60. The locus of the centre of a circle which touches the circle a b
| z – z1 | = a and | – 2 | = b externally (z, z1 & z2 are complex
numbers) will be [2002] æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1ö
then ç a - ÷ ç b - ÷ ç a + ÷ ç b + ÷ is equal to :
(a) an ellipse (b) a hyperbola è a øè b øè b øè aø
(c) a circle (d) none of these [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]

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M-30 Mathematics
9 9 77. Let p, q Î R. If 2 – 3 is a root of the quadratic equation,

(a) (9 + q 2 ) (b) (9 - q 2 )
4 4 x2 + px + q = 0, then: [April 9, 2019 (I)]
9 9 (a) p2 – 4q + 12 = 0 (b) q2 – 4p – 16 = 0
(c) (9 + p 2 ) (d) (9 - p 2 ) (c) q2 + 4p + 14 = 0 (d) p2 – 4q – 12 = 0
4 4
78. If m is chosen in the quadratic equation
68. The set of all real values of l for which the quadratic
(m2 + 1) x2 – 3x + (m2 + 1)2 = 0
equations, (l 2 + 1) x 2 - 4lx + 2 = 0 always have exactly such that the sum of its roots is greatest, then the absolute
one root in the interval (0, 1) is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] difference of the cubes of its roots is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 4] (c) (1, 3] (d) (–3, –1)
(a) 10 5 (b) 8 3 (c) 8 5 (d) 4 3
69. Let a and b be the roots of the equation, 5 x 2 + 6 x - 2 = 0. 79. The sum of the solutions of the equation
If Sn = an + bn , n = 1, 2,3, ..., then : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
x -2 + x ( )
x - 4 + 2 = 0, (x > 0) is equal to:
(a) 6S6 + 5S5 = 2S4 (b) 6S6 + 5S5 + 2S4 = 0

[April 8, 2019 (I)]
(c) 5S6 + 6S5 = 2S4 (d) 5S6 + 6S5 + 2S4 = 0 (a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 4 (d) 10
70. The number of real roots of the equation, 80. If a and b be the roots of the equation x2 – 2x + 2 = 0, then
e4x + e3x – 4e2x + ex + 1 = 0 is: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
n
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4 æaö
the least value of n for which ç ÷ = 1 is :
71. The least positive value of ‘a’ for which the equation, èbø
33 [April 8, 2019 (I)]
2x2 + (a – 10)x + = 2a has real roots is _______.
2 (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3
[Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] 81. If l be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation in x,
72. If the equation, x2 + bx + 45 = 0 (b Î R) has conugate 3m2x2 + m(m – 4)x + 2 = 0, then the least value of m for
complex roots and they satisfy |z + l| = 2 10 , then: 1
[Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] which l + = 1, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
l
(a) b2 – b = 30 (b) b2 + b = 72
(c) b2–b = 42 (d) b2 + b = 12 (a) 2 - 3 (b) 4 - 3 2
73. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 – x – l = 0. If
pk = (a)k + (b)k, k ³ l, then which one of the following (c) –2 + 2 (d) 4 - 2 3
statements is not true ? [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] 82. If one real root of the quadratic equation 81x2 + kx + 256 = 0
(a) p3 = p5 – p4 is cube of the other root, then a value of k is :
(b) P5 = 11 [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(c) (p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5) = 26 (a) –81 (b) 100 (c) 144 (d) – 300
(d) p5 = p2 × p3 83. Consider the quadratic equation (c – 5)x2 – 2cx + (c – 4) = 0,
74. Let a and b be two real roots of the equation (k +1) tan2x
c ¹ 5. Let S be the set of all integral values of c for which
– 2 . ltan x = (1 – k), where k(¹ –1) and l are real numbers. one root of the equation lies in the interval (0, 2) and its
If tan2(a + b) = 50, then a value of l is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] other root lies in the interval (2, 3). Then the number of
(a) 10 2 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 5 2 elements in S is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
75. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation, x2 + x sin q (a) 18 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 11
84. The value of l such that sum of the squares of the roots
æ pö a12 + b12 of the quadratic equation, x2 + (3 – l)x + 2 = l has the
– 2sinq = 0 0, qÎ ç 0, ÷ , then is
è 2ø (a -12 + b-12 )(a - b)24 least value is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
equal to : [April 10, 2019 (I)] 15 4
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
212
212 8 9
(a)
(sin q - 4)12
(b)
(sin q + 8)12 85. Let a and b be two roots of the equation x2 + 2x + 2 = 0, then
a15 + b15 is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2019 (I)]
212 26 (a) – 256 (b) 512 (c) – 512 (d) 256
(c)
(sin q - 8) 6 (d)
(sin q + 8)12 86. The number of all possible positive integral values of a
for which the roots of the quadratic equation,
76. The number of real roots of the equation
6x2 – 11x + a = 0 are rational numbers is:
5 + 2 x - 1 = 2 x (2 x - 2) is: [April 10, 2019 (II)] [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1

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87. If both the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – mx + 4 = 0 (a) p(b) = 11 (b) p(b) = 19
are real and distinct and they lie in the interval [1, 5], (c) p(–2) = 19 (d) p(–2) = 11
then m lies in the interval: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] 97. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation
(a) (– 5, – 4) (b) (4, 5) 2
(c) (5, 6) (d) (3, 4) (x 2 - 5x + 5) x + 4x -60 = 1 is : [2016]
88. Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation, (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) – 4
x2 + x + 1 = 0. If z = 3 + 6i z081 – 3i z093, then arg z is 98. If x is a solution of the equation,
equal to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
æ 1ö
p p p 2x + 1 - 2x - 1 = 1, ç x ³ ÷ , then
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 è 2ø 4x 2 - 1 is equal
4 6 3 to : [Online April 10, 2016]
89. Let p, q and r be real numbers (p ¹ q, r ¹ 0), such that the
3 1
1 1 1 (a) (b) (c) 2 2 (d) 2

roots of the equation + = are equal in 4 2
x+ p x+q r 99. Let a and b be the roots of equation x2 – 6x – 2 = 0. If an =
magnitude but opposite in sign, then the sum of squares
a10 - 2a 8
of these roots is equal to. [Online April 16, 2018] an – bn, for n ³ 1, then the value of 2a 9 is equal to:
(a) p2 + q2 + r2 (b) p2 + q2
[2015]
p2 + q2 (a) 3 (b) – 3 (c) 6 (d) – 6
(c) 2 (p2 + q2) (d)
2 100. If the two roots of the equation, (a – 1)(x4 + x2 + 1) +
90. If an angle A of a D ABC satisfies 5 cos A + 3 = 0, then the (a + 1)(x2 + x + 1)2 = 0 are real and distinct, then the set
roots of the quadratic equation, 9x2 + 27x + 20 = 0 are. of all values of ‘a’ is : [Online April 11, 2015]
æ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1ö
(a) sin A, sec A (b) sec A, tan A (a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ç - , 0 ÷ È ç 0, ÷
(c) tan A, cos A (d) sec A, cot A è 2ø è 2 ø è 2ø
91. If tan A and tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation,
æ 1 ö
3x2 – 10x – 25 = 0 then the value of (c) ç - , 0 ÷ (d) (– ¥, –2) È (2, ¥)
3 sin2 (A + B) – 10 sin (A + B). cos (A + B) – 25 cos2 (A + B) è 2 ø
is [Online April 15, 2018] 101. If 2 + 3i is one of the roots of the equation 2x3 – 9x2 + kx – 13
(a) 25 (b) – 25 (c) – 10 (d) 10 = 0, k Î R, then the real root of this equation :
92. If f (x) is a quadratic expression such that f (a) + f (b) = 0, [Online April 10, 2015]
and – 1 is a root of f (x) = 0, then the other root of f (x) = 0 1
is [Online April 15, 2018] (a) exists and is equal to – .
2
5 8 5 8
(a) - (b) - (c) (d) 1
8 5 8 5 (b) exists and is equal to .
2
93. If a, b Î C are the distinct roots, of the equation (c) exists and is equal to 1.
x 2 - x + 1 = 0 , then a101 + b107 is equal to : [2018] (d) does not exist.
102. If a Î R and the equation
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) – 1
- 3 ( x - [ x ]) + 2 ( x - [ x ]) + a 2 = 0
94. If, for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation, 2
x(x + 1) + (x + 1) (x + 2) + ..... + (x + n - 1 ) (x + n) = 10n (where [x] denotes the greatest integer £ x ) has no integral
has two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to: solution, then all possible values of a lie in the interval:
[2017] [2014]
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 10
95. The sum of all the real values of x satisfying the equation (a) ( -2, -1) (b) ( -¥, -2 ) È ( 2, ¥ )
2
( )
( x -1) x 2 +5x -50
= 1 is : [Online April 9, 2017]
(c) ( -1, 0 ) È ( 0,1) (d) (1, 2 )
(a) 16 (b) 14 (c) – 4 (d) – 5 103. The equation 3x 2 + x + 5 = x - 3 , where x is real, has;
96. Let p(x) be a quadratic polynomial such that p(0)=1. If p(x)
leaves remainder 4 when divided by x–1 and it leaves
(a) no solution (b) exactly one solution
remainder 6 when divided by x+1; then :
(c) exactly two solution (d) exactly four solution

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M-32 Mathematics
104. The sum of the roots of the equation, 112. The value of k for which the equation
x2 + |2x – 3| – 4 = 0, is: [Online April 12, 2014] (k – 2)x2 + 8x + k + 4 = 0 has both roots real, distinct and
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) (d) - 2 negative is [Online May 7, 2012]
2
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
105. If a and b are roots of the equation,
113. Let for a ¹ a1 ¹ 0,
x 2 - 4 2 kx + 2e 4 lnk - 1 = 0 for some k, and
a2 + b2 = 66, then a3 + b3 is equal to: f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c, g ( x) = a1 x 2 + b1 x + c1an = -
+ c1and p ( x ) = f ( x ) - g ( x ) .
= + + ( )= + 1
(a) 248 2 (b) 280 2 (c) -32 2 (d) -280 2
If p ( x ) = 0 only for x = -1 and p (– 2) = 2, then the value
1 1
106. If and are the roots of the equation, of p (b) is : [2011 RS]
a b (a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 18
ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 (a ¹ 0, a, b, Î R), then the equation, 114. Sachin and Rahul attempted to solve a quadratic equation.
Sachin made a mistake in writing down the constant term
( ) (
x x + b3 + a 3 - 3abx = 0 as roots : ) and ended up in roots (4,3). Rahul made a mistake in writing
down coefficient of x to get roots (3,2). The correct roots
[Online April 9, 2014] of equation are : [2011 RS]
3 3 1 1 (a) 6, 1 (b) 4, 3 (c) – 6, – 1 (d) – 4, – 3
(a) a 2 and b 2 (b) ab 2 and a 2b
115. Let a, b be real and z be a complex number. If
3 3 z2 + az + b = 0 has two distinct roots on the line Re z =1,
(c) ab and ab (d) - and b- 2 then it is necessary that : [2011]
a 2
107. If p an d q are non-ero real numbers and (a) b Î (-1, 0) (b) b = 1
a3 + b3 = - p, ab = q, then a quadratic equation whose (c) b Î (1, ¥) (d) b Î (0,1)

116. If a and b are the roots of the equation
a 2 b2 x2 – x + 1 = 0, then a2009 + b2009 = [2010]
roots are , is : [Online April 25, 2013]
b a (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –2
(a) px2 – qx + p2 = 0 (b) qx2 + px + q2 = 0 117. If the roots of the equation bx2 + cx + a = 0 be imaginary,
(c) px2 + qx + p2 = 0 (d) qx2 – px + q2 = 0 then for all real values of x, the expression 3b2x2 + 6bcx +
2c2 is : [2009]
3p (a) less than 4ab (b) greater than – 4ab
108. If a and b are roots of the equation x 2 + px + = 0,
4 (c) 1ess than – 4ab (d) greater than 4ab
118. If the difference between the roots of the equation
such that | a - b |= 10, then p belongs to the set :
[Online April 22, 2013] x2 + ax + 1 = 0 is less than 5 , then the set of possible
(a) {2, – 5} (b) {– 3, 2} (c) {– 2, 5} (d) {3, – 5} values of a is [2007]
109. If a complex number z statisfies the equation (a) (3, ¥) (b) (- ¥, - 3) (c) (– 3, 3) (d) (-3, ¥)
z + 2 | z + 1| +i = 0 , then | z | is equal to : 119. All the values of m for which both roots of the equation
[Online April 22, 2013] x 2 - 2mx + m 2 - 1 = 0 are greater than – 2 but less than 4,
lie in the interval [2006]
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 1
(a) -2 < m < 0 (b) m > 3
110. Let p, q, r Î R and r > p > 0. If the quadratic equation
px2 + qx + r = 0 has two complex roots a and b, then |a| + (c) -1 < m < 3 (d) 1 < m < 4
|b| is [Online May 19, 2012] 120. If the roots of the quadratic equation
(a) equal to1 x 2 + px + q = 0 are tan30 and tan15 ,
(b) less than 2 but not equal to 1
respectively, then the value of 2 + q – p is [2006]
(c) greater than 2 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
(d) equal to 2
111. If the sum of the square of the roots of the equation 121. If z 2 + z + 1 = 0 , where is complex number, then the value
x2 – (sina – 2) x – (1 + sina) = 0 is least, then a is equal to 2
æ 2 1ö
2
æ 3 1ö
2 2
æ 1ö
[Online May 12, 2012] of çè z + ÷ø + çè z + 2 ÷ø + çè z + 3 ÷ø + ......... + æç z 6 + 1ö
÷ is
z z z è z6 ø
p p p p [2006]
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 18 (b) 54 (c) 6 (d) 12
6 4 3 2

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131. Difference between the corresponding roots of x2+ax+b=0

p æ Pö
122. In a triangle PQR, Ð R = . If tan ç ÷ and and x2+bx+a=0 is same and a ¹ b, then [2002]
2 è 2ø
(a) a + b + 4 = 0 (b) a + b – 4 = 0
æ Qö (c) a – b – 4 = 0 (d) a – b + 4 = 0
– tan ç ÷ are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a ¹ 0 then 132. If a ¹ b but a2 = 5a – 3 and b2 = 5b – 3 then the equation
è 2ø
having a/b and b/a as its roots is [2002]
[2005] (a) 3x2 – 19x + 3 = 0 (b) 3x2 + 19x – 3 = 0
(a) a = b + c (b) c = a + b (c) 3x2 – 19x – 3 = 0 (d) x2 – 5x + 3 = 0.
(c) b = c (d) b = a + c
123. If the roots of the equation x 2 – bx + c = 0 be two Condition for Common Roots,
Maximum and Minimum value of
consecutive integers, then b 2 – 4c equals [2005] TOPIC Ė Quadratic Equation, Quadratic
Expression in two Variables,
(a) – 2 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

Solution of Quadratic Inequalities.
124. If one root of the equation x 2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while the
133. If 5, 5r, 5r2 are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, then r
equation x 2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots , then the value cannot be equal to: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
of ‘q’ is [2004] 3 5 7 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
49 4 4 4 2
(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 3 (d)
4 134. Let a, b Î R, a ¹ 0 be such that the equation,
ax2 – 2bx + 5 = 0 has a repeated root a, which is also a root
125. If (1 - p) is a root of quadratic equation
of the equation, x2 – 2bx – 10 = 0. If b is the other root of
x 2 + px + (1 - p) = 0 then its root are [2004] this equation, then a2 + b2 is equal to :[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 28 (d) 24
(a) –1, 2 (b) –1, 1 (c) 0, –1 (d) 0, 1
135. If lÎ R is such that the sum of the cubes of the roots of the
126. The number of real solutions of the equation
equation, x2 + (2 – l) x + (10 – l) = 0 is minimum, then the
x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 is [2003] magnitude of the difference of the roots of this equation is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1 [Online April 15, 2018]
127. The value of 'a' for which one root of the quadratic equation (a) 20 (b) 2 5 (c) 2 7 (d) 4 2
2 2 136. If | z – 3 + 2i | £ 4 then the difference between the greatest
(a - 5a + 3) x + (3a - 1) x + 2 = 0 is twice as large as the
value and the least value of | z | is [Online April 15, 2018]
other is [2003]
(a) 13 (b) 2 13 (c) 8 (d) 4 + 13
1 2 2 1
(a) - (b) (c) - (d) 137. If the equations x2 + bx – 1 = 0 and x2 + x + b = 0 have a
3 3 3 3
common root different from –1, then |b| is equal to :
128. Let Z1 and Z 2 be two roots of the equation [Online April 9, 2016]
Z 2 + aZ + b = 0 , Z being complex. Further , assume that (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 2
the origin, Z1 and Z 2 form an equilateral triangle. Then 138. If non-ero real numbers b and c are such that
min f(x) > max g(x), where f(x) = x2 + 2bx + 2c2 and
[2003]
g(x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 (x Î R);
(a) a 2 = 4b (b) a 2 = b
c
(c) a 2 = 2b (d) a 2 = 3b then lies in the interval: [Online April 19, 2014]
b
129. If p and q are the roots of the equation
x2 + px + q = 0, then [2002] æ 1ö é1 1 ö
(a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ê , ÷
(a) p = 1, q = –2 (b) p = 0, q = 1 è 2ø ë2 2 ø
(c) p = –2, q = 0 (d) p = – 2, q = 1
é 1 ù
130. Product of real roots of the equation
t2 x2 + | x | + 9 = 0 [2002]
(c) ê 2ú
ë 2, û
(d) ( 2, ¥ )
(a) is always positive (b) is always negative
(c) does not exist (d) none of these

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139. If equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 ( a, b, c Î R, a ¹ 0 ) and 144. The quadratic equations x 2 – 6x + a = 0 and

x2 – cx + 6 = 0 have one root in common. The other roots
2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0 have a common root, then a : b : c equals:
of the first and second equations are integers in the ratio
4 : 3. Then the common root is [2009]
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 3 : 4 (c) 4 : 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 2 : 1
140. If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
a,b,c Î R, have a common root, then a : b : c is [2013]
3x 2 + 9 x + 17
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 1 : 2 145. If x is real, the maximum value of is [2006]
3x 2 + 9 x + 7
x-5
141. The least integral value a of x such that >0,
x 2 + 5x - 14 (a)
1
(b) 41 (c) 1 (d)
17
satisfies : [Online April 23, 2013] 4 7
(a) a2 + 3a – 4 = 0 (b) a2 – 5a + 4 = 0 2 2
(c) a2 – 7a + 6 = 0 (d) a2 + 5a – 6 = 0 146. If both the roots of the quadratic equation x - 2 kx + k
142. The values of ‘a’ for which one root of the equation + k – 5 = 0 are less than 5, then k lies in the interval
x2 – (a + 1 ) x + a2 + a – 8 = 0 exceeds 2 and the other is [2005]
lesser than 2, are given by : [Online April 9, 2013] (a) (5, 6] (b) (6, ¥ ) (c) (– ¥ , 4) (d) [4, 5]
(a) 3 < a < 10 (b) a ³ 10 147. The value of a for which the sum of the squares of the
(c) -2 < a < 3 (d) a £ -2 roots of the equation x2 – (a – 2) x – a – 1 = 0 assume the
least value is [2005]
4 (a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2
143. If z - = 2 , then the maximum value of || is equal to :
z
[2009]
(a) 5 + 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 + 2 (d) 3 +1

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3 + i sin q æ (1 + i )2 ö
m/2
æ (1 + i )2 ö
n /3
1. (b) Let z = , after rationalising Þç ÷ =ç ÷ =1
4 - i cos q è 2 ø è -2 ø
(3 + i sin q) (4 + i cos q)
z= ´ Þ i m / 2 = ( -i ) n / 3 = 1
(4 - i cos q) (4 + i cos q)
m (least) = 8, n (least) = 12
As z is purely real
GCD (8, 12) = 4.
3
Þ 3cosq + 4sinq = 0 Þ tanq = – 5. (b) Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2
4
æ cos q ö Q | z1 - 1 | = Re( z1 )
arg(sinq + icosq) = p + tan–1 ç sin q ÷
è ø Þ ( x1 - 1) 2 + y12 = x12
æ 4ö æ4ö
= p + tan -1 ç - ÷ = p - tan -1 ç ÷ Þ y12 - 2 x1 + 1 = 0 ...(i)
è 3ø è3ø
| z2 - 1|= Re( z2 ) Þ ( x2 - 1)2 + y22 = x22
2. (c) D(z–2Re(z)) C(z –2Re(z )) Þ y22 - 2 x2 + 1 = 0 ...(ii)
From eqn. (i) – (ii),
y12 - y22 - 2( x1 - x2 ) = 0
æ x -x ö
Þ y1 + y2 = 2 ç 1 2 ÷ ...(iii)
è y1 - y2 ø
p
A(z) B(z) Q arg( z1 - z2 ) =
6
Let z = x + iy æ y - y2 ö p
Þ tan -1 ç 1 =
Q Length of side of square = 4 units è x1 - x2 ÷ø 6
Then, | z - z | = 4 Þ | 2iy | = 4 Þ | y | = 2
y1 - y2 1
Also, | z - ( z - 2 Re( z )) | = 4 Þ =
x1 - x2 3
Þ | 2 Re( z ) | = 4 Þ | 2 x | = 4 Þ | x | = 2
2 1 é y1 - y2 2 ù
Þ = ê From, = ú
\| z | = x + y = 4+ 4 = 2 2
2 2 y1 + y2 3 ë x1 - x2 y1 + y2 û
2p ip
i - \ y1 + y2 = 2 3 Þ lm( z1 + z2 ) = 2 3
3. (c) Q -1 + 3i = 2 × e 3 and 1 - i = 2 × e 4
6. (b) Let z = x + iy
30
æ -1 + 3i ö
30 æ æ 2p p ö ö
ç + ÷i
\ çç = ç 2eè 3 4 ø ÷ z -i
÷÷ Then, = 1 Þ x2 + (y – 1)2
è 1- i ø ç ÷ z + 2i
è ø
p
- i
= x2 + (y + 2)2 Þ –2y + 1 = 4y + 4
=2 15
×e 2 = -2 × i.
15
1
4. (4) Þ 6y = – 3 Þ y = -
2
m/2 n /3
æ 1+ i ö æ 1+ i ö 5 25
Given that ç =ç =1
è 1 - i ÷ø è i - 1÷ø Q |z| =
2
Þ x2 + y2 =
4

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M-36 Mathematics
24 2
Þ x2 = =6 Since, it is given that | z | =
4 5
i Then, from equation (i),
\ z = x + iy Þ z= ± 6-
2
2 2
25 49 =
| + 3i| = 6+ = 5 1 + a2
4 4
Now, square on both side; we get
7
Þ |z + 3i| = Þ 1 + a2 = 10 Þ a = ± 3
2
7. (c) z = x + iy Since, it is given that a > 0 Þ a = 3
|x| + |y| = 4
(1 + i )2 1 + i 2 + 2i 2i
Then, z = = =
a -i 3-i 3-i
z = x2 + y 2 2i (3 + i ) -1 + 3i
= =
Minimum value of 10 5
|z| = 2 2 -1 3
Maximum value of Hence, z = - i
5 5
|z| = 4
11. (c) Given | zw | = 1 ...(i)
z Î éë 8, 16 ùû
æzö p
and arg ç ÷ = ...(ii)
So, || can’t be 7 . èwø 2
8. (c) Let Re (z) = x i.e., z = x + 10i
z z é æzö ù
2z – n = (2i – 1) (2z + n) \ + =0 êQ Re ç w ÷ = 0 ú
w w ë è ø û
(2x – n) + 20i = (2i – 1) ((2x + n) + 20i)
Þ zw = - z w
On comparing real and imaginary parts,
– (2x + n) – 40 = 2x – n and 20 = 4x + 2n – 20 from equation (i), zzww = 1 [using zz =| z |2 ]
Þ 4x = – 40 and 40 = – 40 + 2n ( z w)2 = -1 Þ z w = ± i
Þ x = – 10 and n = 40
p -p
Hence, Re(z) = – 10 from equation (ii), - arg( z ) - arg w = - arg( z w) =
2 2
9. (b) Given equation is, | z – 1 | = | z – i |
Hence, zw = -i
Þ (x – 1)2 + y2 = x2 + (y – 1)2 [Here, z = x + iy]
5 + 3z
Þ 1 – 2x = 1 – 2y Þ x – y = 0 12. (c) w= Þ 5w - 5wz = 5 + 3z
5 - 5z
Hence, locus is straight line with slope 1.
5 ( w - 1)
(1 + i )2 a + i Þ 5w - 5 = z ( 3 + 5w) Þ z =
10. (a) z = ´ 3 + 5w
a -i a +i
Q | z | < 1, \5|w – 1| < |3 + 5w|
(1 - 1 + 2i )(a + i ) 2ai - 2
z= = Þ 25 ( ww - w - w + 1) < 9 + 25ww + 15w + 15w
a2 + 1 a2 + 1
æ -2 ö æ 2a ö
2 2
4 + 4a 2
(Q z 2
=zz )
|z|= ç 2 ÷ +ç ÷ = 2 2
è a + 1 ø è a2 + 1 ø (a + 1) 2 2
Þ 16 < 40w + 40w Þ w + w > Þ 2Re(w) >
5 5
4(1 + a 2 ) 2
Þ|z|= = 1
(1 + a )2 2 ...(i) Þ Re ( w) >
1 + a2 5

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z-a 3z1 2 z2 3r1 i (q -f ) 2 r2 i (f -q )

13. (a) Let t =
z+a z = 2 z + 3 z = 2r e +
3 r1
e
2 1 2
Q t is purely imaginary number. 3 4

= ´ (cos(q – f) + i sin(q – f)) +
\ t + t =0 2 3
z -a z -a 2 3
Þ + =0 ´ [cos(q - f) - i sin(q - f)]
z +a z +a 3 4
Þ (z – a)( z + a) + ( z – a)(z + a) = 0 æ 1ö æ 1ö
z = çè 2 + ÷ø cos(q - f) + i èç 2 - ø÷ sin(q - f)
Þ zz – a2 + z z – a2 = 0 2 2
Þ z z – a2 = 0
25 9
Þ |z|2 – a2 = 0 \ | z|= cos2 (q - f) + sin 2 (q - f)
4 4
Þ a2 = 4
Þ a= ±2 16
cos 2 (q - f) +
9 3 5
= Þ £ |z| £
14. (a) | 1 | = 9, | 2 – 3 – 4i | = 4 4 4 2 2
1 lies on a circle with centre C1(0, 0) and radius r1 = 9 3 + 2i sin q

17. (d) Suppose z =
2 lies on a circle with centre C2(3, 4) and radius r2 = 4 1 - 2i sin q
So, minimum value of | 1 – 2 | is ero at point of contact Since, z is purely imaginary, then z + z = 0
(i.e. A) 3 + 2i sin q 3 - 2i sin q
Þ + =0
1 - 2i sin q 1 + 2i sin q
(3 + 2i sin q)(1 + 2i sin q) + (3 - 2i sin q)(1 - 2i sin q)
Þ
1 + 4sin 2 q
=0
3 3
Þ sin2 q = Þ sin q =
4 2
15. (b) Since, |z| + z = 3 + i
p p 2p
Let z = a + ib, then Þ q= - , ,
3 3 3
|z| + z = 3 + i Þ a 2 + b 2 + a + ib = 3 + i p p 2p 2p
Now, the sum of elements in A = - + + =
Compare real and imaginary coefficients on both sides 3 3 3 3
18. (a) Q |z| = 1 & Re z ¹ 1
b = 1, a2 + b2 + a = 3 Suppose z = x + iy Þ x2 + y2 = 1 .....(i)
1 + (1 – 8a ) z
a 2 +1 = 3 – a Now, w =
1– z
a2 + 1 = a2 + 9 – 6a
1 + (1 – 8a ) ( x + iy)
4 Þ w= 1 – ( x + iy )
6a = 8 Þ a =
3
1 + (1 – 8a) ( x + iy ) )((1 – x) + iy)
Then, Þ w=
1 – ( x + iy))((1 – x) + iy)
2
æ 4ö 16 5
|z| = çè 3 ÷ø +1 = 9 + 1 = 3 é (1 + x (1 – 8a ) (1 – x) – (1 – 8a) y 2 ù
Þ w= ë û
16. (none) Let z1 = r1eiq and z2 = r2eif (1 – x )2 + y 2
3|z1| = 4|z2| Þ 3r1 = 4r2 +i
[ (1 + x (1 – 8a)) y – (1 – 8a) y (1 – x)]
(1 – x )2 + y 2

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As, w is purely imaginary. So, 22. (b) Let z = 1+ ia, a Î R

é(1 + x (1 – 8a ) )(1 – x) – (1 – 8a) y 2 ù z2 = (1 + ia) (1 + ia)
ë û x + iy = (1 + 2ia – a2)
Re w = =0
(1 – x)2 + y 2 On comparing real and imaginary parts, we get
Þ (1 – x) + x (1 – 8a) (1 – x) = (1 – 8a) y2 x = 1 – a2, y = 2a
Þ (1 – x) + x (1 – 8a) – x2 (1 – 8a) = (1 – 8x)y2 Now, consider option (b), which is
Þ (1 – x) + x (1 – 8a) = 1 – 8a [From (i), x2 + y2 = 1] y2 + 4x – 4 = 0
Þ 1 – 8a = 1 2 2
LHS : y 2 + 4 x - 4 = (2a ) + 4(1 - a ) - 4
Þa=0
\ a Î {0} = 4a 2 + 4 - 4a 2 - 4
19. (b) Rationaliing the given expression = 0 = R.H.S.
(2 + 3isin q)(1 + 2isin q) Hence, y2 + 4x – 4 = 0

23. (c) Let z = x + iy
1 + 4sin 2 q
For the given expression to be purely imaginary, real part z-i
is purely imaginary means its real part is ero.
of the above expression should be equal to ero. z+i
2 - 6 sin 2 q 1 x + iy - i x + i ( y - 1) x - i ( y + 1)
Þ = 0 Þ sin 2 q = = ´
1 + 4 sin 2 q 3 x + iy + i x + i ( y + 1) x - i ( y + 1)
1 æ ö
1
Þ sin q = ± Þ q = sin -1 ç ÷ x 2 - 2ix ( y + 1) + xi ( y - 1) + y 2 - 1
3 è 3ø =
20. (b) Let = reiq x 2 + ( y + 1) 2
Im5 r5 (sin 5q) x2 + y2 -1 2 xi
Consider 5 = = -
(Im) r (sin q )
5 5
x + ( y + 1)
2 2
x + ( y + 1) 2
2
for pure imaginary, we have

(Q eiq = cos q + i sinq)
x2 + y2 -1
sin 5q 16sin5 q - 20sin3 q + 5sin q =0
= = x 2 + ( y + 1) 2
sin 5 q 5
sin q
Þ x2 + y2 = 1
16sin5 q 20sin 3 q 5sin q Þ (x + iy) (x – iy) = 1
= – +
sin q
5
sin q
5 sin 5 q 1
Þ x + iy = =z
= 5 cosec4 q – 20 cosec2 q + 16 x - iy
Im 5 and
1
= x – iy
minimum value of is – 4. z
(Im)5
21. (d) We know minimum value of |Z1 + Z2| is 1
z+ = ( x + iy ) + ( x - iy ) = 2 x
z
1 1
| |Z1| – |Z2||. Thus minimum value of Z + is | Z | - æ 1ö
2 2
çè z + ÷ø is any non-ero real number
z
1 1
£ Z+ £| Z | +
2 2 æz ö æz ö
24. (a) Consider arg ç 1 ÷ + arg ç 2 ÷
Since, | Z |³ 2 therefore è z4 ø è z3 ø
1 1 1 = arg( z1 ) - arg( z4 ) + arg( z2 ) - arg( z3 )

2- < Z + < 2+
2 2 2 = (arg( z1 ) + arg( z2 )) - (arg( z3 ) + arg( z4 ))
3 1 5 æ z2 = z1 &ö
Þ < Z+ < given ç
2 2 2 è z4 = z3 ÷ø

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= (arg( z1 ) + arg( z1 )) - (arg( z3 ) + arg( z3 )) 28. (a) Let z = x + iy Þ z2 = x2 – y2 + 2ixy

1 + z 2 1 + x 2 - y 2 + 2ixy ( x 2 - y 2 + 1) + 2ixy
ìalso (arg( z1 ) = - arg( z1 )ü Now, = =
í ý 2iz 2i ( x + iy ) 2ix - 2 y
îarg( z3 ) = - arg( z3 ) þ ( x2 - y 2 + 1) + 2ixy -2 y - 2ix
= ´
= (arg( z1 ) - arg( z1 )) - (arg( z3 ) - arg( z3 )) -2 y + 2ix -2 y - 2ix
=0–0=0 y ( x 2 + y 2 - 1) + x ( x 2 + y 2 + 1)i
25. (d) Consider the equation =
2( x 2 + y 2 )
w - wz = k (1 - z ), k Î R
x ( x 2 + y 2 + 1)
w - wz a=
Clearly z ¹ 1 and is purely real 2( x 2 + y 2 )
1- z
w - wz w - wz Since, | z | = 1 Þ x2 + y 2 = 1
\ = Þ x2 + y2 = 1
1- z 1- z
x (1 + 1)
w - wz w - wz \ a= =x
Þ = 2 ´1
1- z 1- z
Also z ¹ 1 Þ x + iy ¹ 1
Þ w - wz - wz + wzz = w - wz - wz + wzz
\ A = (– 1, 1)
Þ w+w| z| = w+w| z|
2 2 29. (d) Let z1 = 1 + i and z2 = 1 – i
Þ ( w - w)(| z |2 ) = w - w z2 1 - i (1 - i ) (1 - i )
= = =-i
z1 1 + i (1 + i ) (1 - i )
Þ |z|2 = 1 (QIm w ¹ 0)
Þ |z| = 1 and z ¹ 1 æz ö
2 + 3ç 2 ÷
\ The required set is {z : |z| = 1, z ¹ 1 } 2 z1 + 3z2 è z1 ø = 2 - 3i
=
26. (c) Given | | = 1, arg z = q 2 z1 - 3z2 æ z ö 2 + 3i
2-3ç 2 ÷
1 è z1 ø
Þ z=
z
2 z1 + 3z2 2 - 3i 2 - 3i é z1 | z |ù
æ 1+ z ö æ 1+ z ö = = êQ = 1 ú
\ arg ç = arg = arg (z) = q. 2 z1 - 3z2 2 + 3i 2 + 3i
è 1 + z ÷ø ç 1÷ ë z2 | z2 | û
çè 1 + ÷ø 4+9
z = =1
4+9
27. (b) Let z = x + iy, z = x – iy
30. (b) z1 + z2 2 + z1 - z2 2
Now, z = 1 – z
Þ x + iy = 1 – (x – iy)
= z1 2 + z2 2
+ 2 z1 z2 + z1 + z2
2 2
- 2 z1 z2
1
Þ 2x = 1 Þ x =
= 2 éê z1 + z2 ùú
2 2 2 2
2 = 2 z1 + 2 z2 ë û
Now, | z | = 1 Þ x2 + y2 = 1 Þ y2 = 1 – x2
31. (a) Let |Z|= |W| = r
3 Þ Z= reiq, W = reif
Þ y =±
2 where q + f = p
y \ W = re
–if
Now, tan q = (q is the argument)
x Now, Z = rei(p – f) = reip × e–if = – re–if
3 1
= ¸ (+ve since only principal argument) = –W
2 2
Thus, statement-1 is true but statement-2 is false.
= 3
32. (b) Statement - 1 and 2 both are true.
p
Þ q = tan -1 3 = It is fundamental property.
3 But Statement - 2 is not correct explanation for Statement - 1.
Hence, z is not a real number
So, statement-1 is false and 2 is true.

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M-40 Mathematics
33. (a) Let z = x + iy 38. (a) | z w |=| z || w |=| z || w |=| zw |= 1 [Q z = z ]

Arg( z w) = arg( z ) + arg(w)
z - 1 = z + 1 Þ ( x -1)2 + y2 = ( x + 1)2 + y2
p
Þ x=0 Þ Re z = 0 = - arg( z ) + arg w = -
2
z - 1 = z - i Þ ( x - 1)2 + y 2 = x2 + ( y - 1)2 [Q arg ( z ) = - arg()]
Þ x= y \ z w = -1
2 2 2
z + 1 = z - i Þ ( x + 1) + y = x + ( y - 1) 2 39. (c) Given that | z – 4 | < | z – 2 |
Let z = x + iy
Þ x = –y
Þ | (x – 4) + iy) | < | (x – 2) + iy |
Only (0, 0) will satisfy all conditions.
Þ (x – 4)2 + y2 < (x – 2)2 + y2
Þ Number of complex number z = 1
Þ x2 – 8x + 16 < x2 – 4x + 4 Þ 12 < 4x
æ 1 ö 1 1 –1 Þ x > 3 Þ Re(z) > 3

çè i – 1ø÷ = (i - 1) = – i – 1 = i + 1
34. (c)
40. (b) Let | z | = | w | = r
\ z = reiq, w = reif where q + f = p.
1
\ z = rei(p–f) = reip . e–if = –re–if = – w .
35. (a) Given that z 3 = p + iq
[Q eip = –1 and w = re–if]
Þ z = p3 + (iq )3 + 3 p (iq )( p + iq )
41. (c) Let z = x + iy
Þ x - iy = p3 - 3 pq 2 + i (3 p 2 q - q 3 ) Q z 2 = i | z |2
Comparing both side, we get
\ x 2 - y 2 + 2ixy = i( x 2 + y 2 )
x
\ x = p3 - 3 pq 2 Þ = p 2 - 3q2 ...(i) Þ x 2 - y 2 = 0 and 2xy = x2 + y 2
p
Þ ( x - y )( x + y ) = 0 and ( x - y)2 = 0
y
and y = q - 3 p q Þ = q 2 - 3 p 2 ...(ii)
3 2
Þx=y
q
Adding (i) and (ii), we get -1 + 3i
42. (a) Given that, a = =w
x y æ x yö 2
\ + = -2 p 2 - 2q2 \ ç + ÷ ( p 2 + q 2 ) = -2
p q è p qø \ (2 + w)4 = a + bw Þ (4 + w2 + 4w)2 = a + bw
36. (c) Given that arg zw = p Þ (w2 + 4(1 + w)) 2 = a + bw
Þ arg z + arg w = p ...(i)
Þ (w 2 - 4w 2 ) 2 = a + bw
z + iw = 0 Þ z = -iw
Replace i by –i, we get [Q1 + w = -w 2 ]
p Þ ( -3w 2 )2 = a + bw Þ 9w 4 = a + bw
\ z = iw Þ arg z = + arg w
2
Þ 9w = a + bw (Q w3 = 1)
p
Þ arg z = + p - arg z (from (i)) On comparing, a = 0, b = 9
2
Þ a + b = 0 + 9 = 9.
3p
\ arg = æ 5p 5p ö
3
4 1 + cos + i sin
ç 18 18 ÷
37. (b) Given that 43. (c) ç 5p 5p ÷
ç 1 + cos - i sin ÷
x é (1 + i )2 ù
x è 18 18 ø
æ 1+ i ö
çè ÷ø = 1 Þ ê ú =1
1- i 2
êë 1 - i úû 3
æ 5p 5p 5p ö
2cos 2 + i 2sin × cos
ç 36 36 36 ÷
x =ç
æ 1 + i 2 + 2i ö + 2 5p 5p 5p ÷
ç
x
÷ = 1 Þ (i ) = 1; \ x = 4n ; n Î I ç 2cos - i 2sin × cos ÷
è 1 + 1 ø è 36 36 36 ø

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3 3 i æ 1 3 ö
æ 5p 5p ö + = -i ç - + i ÷ = -iw
cos + i sin 6 47. (d) ç ÷
ç
=ç 36 36 ÷ = æ cos 5p + i sin 5p ö 2 2 è 2 2 ø
5p 5p ÷ ç
è ÷
36 36 ø where w is imaginary cube root of unity.
ç cos - i sin ÷
è 36 36 ø
Now, (1 + i + 5 + i8)9
æ 5p ö æ 5p ö 5p 5p = (1 + w – iw2 + iw2)9 = (1 + w)9
= cos ç 6 ´ ÷ + i sin ç 6 ´ ÷ = cos + i sin
è 36 ø è 36 ø 6 6 = (– w2)9 = – w18 = – 1 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0)
48. (a) –(6 + i)3 = x + iy
3 1 1 Þ –[216 + i3 + 18i(6 + i)] = x + iy
=- + i = - ( 3 - i)
2 2 2 Þ –[216 – i +108i – 18] = x + iy
3 + 2 -54 = 3 + 6 6i Þ –216 + i – 108i + 18 = x + iy
44. (b)
Þ –198 – 107i = x + iy
Let 3 + 6 6i = a + ib Þ x = – 198, y = –107
Þ a 2 - b2 = 3 and ab = 3 6 Þ y – x = –107 + 198 = 91
5 5
Þ a 2 + b2 = (a 2 - b 2 ) 2 + 4a 2b 2 = 15 æ 3 iö æ 3 iö
49. (a) z = ç + ÷ +ç - ÷
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
So, a = ±3 and b = ± 6
5 5
æ p pö æ p pö
3 + 6 6 i = ± (3 + 6 i) = ç cos + i sin ÷ + ç cos - i sin ÷
è 6 6ø è 6 6ø
Similarly, 3 - 6 6 i = ± (3 - 6 i) 5 5
æ ip ö æ -i p ö p
= ç e ÷ + ç e ÷ = 2 cos 6 = 3
6 6
lm ( 3 + 6 6i - 3 - 6 6i ) = ±2 6 è ø è ø
45. (b) Let a = w, b = 1 + w3 + w6 + ..... = 101 Þ I(z) = 0, Re(z) = 3
a = (1 + w) (1 + w2 + w4 + ..... w198 + w200)
æ1+ i 3 ö
= (1 + w)
(
1 - (w2 )101 ) =
(w + 1)(w202 - 1)
50. (d) Let l = çç ÷÷ .
è1– i 3 ø
1- w 2 (w2 - 1)
æ1 + i 3 ö æ1 + i 3 ö
\ l = çç ÷÷ ´ çç ÷÷
(1 + w)(1 - w)
Þ a = =1 è1 – i 3 ø è1 + i 3 ø
1 - w2
Required equation = x2 – (101 + 1)x + (101) × 1 = 0 æ – 2 + i2 3 ö æ 1 – i 3 ö
=ç ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
ç 4
Þ x2 – 102x + 101 = 0 è ø è –2 ø
46. (d) Q z = x + iy æ1 + i 3 ö æ1 – i 3 ö
æ z - 1 ö ( x - 1) + iy
Also, l = çç ÷÷ ´ çç ÷÷
è1 – i 3 ø è1 – i 3 ø
ç 2 z + i ÷ = 2( x + iy ) + i
è ø
æ 4 ö æ –2 ö
( x - 1) + iy 2 x - (2 y + 1)i =ç ÷=ç ÷
= ´ è – 2 – i2 3 ø è 1 + i 3 ø
2 x + (2 y + 1)i 2 x - (2 y + 1)i
3
æ z + 1 ö 2 x( x - 1) + y (2 y + 1) æ1+ i 3 ö æ1+ i 3 ö æ1 + i 3 ö æ1+ i 3 ö
Re ç ÷= =1 Now, ç ÷ =ç ÷´ç ÷´ç ÷
è 2z + i ø (2 x ) 2 + (2 y + 1) 2 è1 – i 3 ø è1 – i 3 ø è1 – i 3 ø è1 – i 3 ø
æ1+ i 3 ö æ – 2 ö æ1 – i 3 ö
2 2 æ
5ö
2 =ç ÷´ç ÷´ç ÷ =1
æ 1ö æ 3ö
Þ ç x + ÷ + ç y + ÷ = çç ÷÷ . è1 – i 3 ø è1 + i 3 ø è – 2 ø
è 2 ø è 4 ø è 4 ø
\ least positive integer n is 3.

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M-42 Mathematics
54. (a) (1 + w)7 = A + Bw

51. (a)
(3,3) (–w2)7 = A + Bw (Q w14 = w12.w2 = w2)
– w2 = A + Bw
2 2
1 + w = A + Bw
Final (1,1) Þ A = 1, B = 1.
(3,1) 55. (a) |z + 1 | = | z + 4 – 3 | £ | z + 4 | + | –3 | £ | 3 | + | – 3|
position (2,1) 1
Þ | z + 1 | £ 6 Þ | z + 1|max = 6
z
56. (c) Given that w =
1
z- i
So new position is at the point 1 + i 3
1 - 2 2 |z| é z1 z ù
52. (a) =1 Þ |w|= =1 êQ = 1ú
2 - 1 2 1
|z- i| ë z2 z2 û
3
2 2
Þ 1 - 2 2 = 2 - 1 2 1
Þ z = z- i
3
Þ (1 - 22 )(1 - 22 ) = (2 - 12 )(2 - 12 )
æ 1ö
Þ (1 - 2 2 )(1 - 22 ) = (2 - 12 )(2 - 1 2 ) Þ distance of from origin and point ç 0, ÷ is same
è 3ø
Þ (11) - 212 - 212 + 42 2 hence lies on bisector of the line oining points (0, 0) and
= 4 - 21 2 - 212 + 11 2 2 (0, 1/3).
Hence lies on a straight line.
2 2 2 2
Þ 1 + 4 2 = 4 + 1 2 57. (c) | z1 + z2 | = | z1 | + | z2 | Þ z1 and z2 are collinear
2 2 2 2 and are to the same side of origin; hence arg z1 – arg z2 = 0.
Þ 1 + 4 2 – 4 – 1 2 =0
58. (c) Q ( x - 1)3 + 8 = 0 Þ ( x - 1) = (-2) (1)1/ 3
(z
1
2
)(
- 4 1 - z2
2
)=0
Þ x – 1 = – 2 or -2w or - 2w 2
Q 2 ¹ 1
or x = – 1 or 1 – 2 w or 1 – 2 w2 .
2
\ 1 =4
59. (b) Given that | z 2 - 1|=| z |2 +1 Þ| z 2 - 1|2 = ( zz + 1) 2
Þ 1 = 2 2
[Q z = ]
Þ Point 1 lies on circle of radius 2.
Þ(z2 -1)(z 2 -1) = (zz +1)2 (Qz1 - z2 = z1 - 2)
z2 z 2 é æ z1 ö z1 ù
53. (a) = êQ = ú Þ 2 2 - 2 - 2 + 1 = 2 2 + 2 + 1
z - 1 z - 1 ë çè z2 ÷ø z2 û
Þ z 2 + 2 zz + z 2 = 0
2 2
Þ zzz - z = z. z . z - z
Þ ( z + z )2 = 0 Þ z = - z
Þ z 2 .z - z 2 = z 2 .z - z 2
Þ z is purely imaginary
Þ z 2 ( z - z ) - ( z - z )( z + z ) = 0 60. (b) Let the circle be |z – z0| = r. Then according to given
conditions |z0 – z1| = r + a ...(i)
2
(
Þ (z - z ) z -(z + z ) = 0 ) |z0 – z2|= r + b ...(ii)
Subtract (ii) from (i)
Either z - z = 0 or z 2 - ( z + z ) = 0 we get |z0 – z1| – |z0 – z2| = a – b.
Either z = z Þ real axis \ Locus of centre z0 is |z – z1| –|z – z2|
= a – b, which represents a hyperbola.
or z 2 = z + z Þ zz - z - z = 0
represents a circle passing through origin.

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61. (a) Q a + b = 64, ab = 256 Imaginary part of u
a 3/8 b3/8 a +b -2 x( y - K ) + x (2 y + 1)
+ =
64
==2
64
= = Im(u ) =
b5/8
a 5/8
(ab)5/8 8 5/8
(2 ) 32 x 2 + ( y - K )2
62. (b) Let a and b be the roots of the given quadratic Q Re(u ) + Im(u ) = 1
equation,
Þ 2 x2 + 2 y 2 - 2 Ky + y - K - 2 xy + 2 Kx + 2 xy + x
2x2 + 2x - 1 = 0 ...(i)
1 = x 2 + y 2 + K 2 - 2 Ky
Then, a + b = - Þ -1 = 2a + 2b
2 Since, the curve intersect at y-axis
\x = 0
and 4a 2 + 2a - 1 = 0 [Q a is root of
Þ y 2 + y - K ( K + 1) = 0
eq. (i)]
Þ 4a 2 + 2a + 2a + 2b = 0 Þ b = -2a (a + 1) Let y1 and y2 are roots of equations if x = 0
63. (b) Let | x | = y then Q y1 + y2 = -1
9 y 2 - 18 y + 5 = 0 y1 y2 = -( K 2 + K )
Þ 9 y 2 - 15 y - 3 y + 5 = 0 \ ( y1 - y2 )2 = (1 + 4 K 2 + 4 K )
Þ (3 y - 1)(3 y - 5) = 0 Given PQ = 5 Þ| y1 - y2 |= 5
Þ y=
1 5 1
or Þ| x |= or
5 Þ 4 K 2 + 4 K - 24 = 0 Þ K = 2 or – 3
3 3 3 3 as K > 0, \ K = 2
Roots are ±
1
and ±
5 66. (b) Since a is common root of x 2 - x + 2l = 0 and
3 3
3 x 2 - 10 x + 27l = 0
25
\ Product = \ 3a 2 - 10a + 27l = 0 ...(i)
81
64. (d) Let a and b be the roots of the quadratic equation 3a 2 - 3a + 6l = 0 ...(ii)
7 x2 - 3x - 2 = 0 \ On subtract, we get a = 3l
3 -2 2
\ a + b = , ab = Now, ab = 2l Þ 3l ×b = 2l Þ b =
7 7 3
a b
Now, + Þ a + b = 1 Þ 3l +
2 1
= 1 Þ l = and
1 - a2 1 - b2 3 9
a - ab(a + b) + b ag = 9l Þ 3l × g = 9l Þ g = 3
=
1 - (a 2 + b 2 ) + (ab) 2
bg
(a + b) - ab(a + b) \ = 18
= l
1 - (a + b) 2 + 2ab + (ab) 2
1 1
3 2 3 67. (d) a ×b = 2 and a + b = - p also + = -q
+ ´ a b
7 7 7 27
= =
9 -2 4 16 Þ p = 2q
1- + 2 ´ +
49 7 49
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
Now çè a - a ÷ø èç b - bø÷ èç a + bø÷ çè b + a ÷ø
2( x + iy ) + i 2 x + i (2 y + 1)
65. (d) u= =
( x + iy ) - ki x + i( y - k )
é 1 a bùé 1 ù
= êab + - - ú êab + + 2ú
2 x + ( y - K )(2 y + 1)
2
ë ab b a û ë ab û
Real part of u = Re(u ) =
x 2 + ( y - K )2

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M-44 Mathematics
9 é 5 a2 + b2 ù 9 71. (8) Since, 2x2 + (a – 10) x +

33
= 2a has real roots,
= ê - ú = [5 - ( p - 4)]
2
2
2 ë2 2 û 4
\ D³0
9
= (9 - p 2 ) [Q a 2 + b2 = (a + b) 2 - 2ab] æ 33 ö
4 Þ (a - 10)2 - 4(2) ç - 2a ÷ ³ 0
è 2 ø
68. (c) The given quadratic equation is
Þ (a – 10)2 – 4(33 – 4a) ³ 0
(l + 1) x - 4lx + 2 = 0
2 2
Þ a2 – 4a – 32 ³ 0
Q One root is in the interval (0, 1) Þ (a – 8) (a + 4) ³ 0
Þ a£–4Èa³8
\ f (0) f (1) £ 0
Þ aÎ (– ¥, – 4] È [8, ¥)
Þ 2(l 2 + 1 - 4l + 2) £ 0 72. (a) Let z = a ± ib be the complex roots of the equation

So, sum of roots = 2a = – b and
Þ 2(l 2 - 4l + 3) £ 0
Product of roots = a2 + b2 = 45
(l - 1)(l - 3) £ 0 Þ l Î[1, 3] (a + 1)2 + b2 = 40
But at l = 1, both roots are 1 so l ¹ 1
Given, | z + 1|= 2 10
\ l Î (1, 3]
Þ (a + 1)2 – a2 = – 5 [Q b2 = 45 – a2]
69. (c) Since, a and b are the roots of the equaton
Þ 2a + 1 = – 5 Þ 2a = – 6
5x2 + 6x – 2 = 0 2
Hence, b = 6 and b – b = 30
Then, 5a 2 + 6a - 2 = 0 , 5b 2 + 6b - 2 = 0 73. (d) a5 = 5a + 3
b5 = 5b + 3
5a 2 + 6a = 2
p5 = 5(a + b) + 6 = 5(1) + 6
5S6 + 6S5 = 5(a 6 + b6 ) + 6(a 5 + b5 )
-b
[Q from x2 – x – 1 = 0, a + b = = 1]
= (5a 4 + 6a 5 ) + (5b6 + 6b5 ) a
p5 = 11 and p5 = a2 + b2 = a + 1 + b + 1
= a 4 (5a 2 + 6a ) + b 4 (5b 2 + 6b) p2 = 3 and p3 = a3 + b3 = 2a + 1 + 2b + 1
= 2(a 4 + b4 ) = 2S4 = 2(1) + 2 = 4
p2 × p3 = 12 and p5 = 11 Þ p5 ¹ p2 × p3
70. (a) Let ex = t Î (0, ¥)
Given equation
74. (b) (k + 1) tan 2 x - 2l tan x + ( k - 1) = 0
t4 + t3 – 4t2 + t + 1 = 0
2l
tan a + tan b = [Sum of roots]
1 1 k +1
Þ t2 + t – 4 + + 2 = 0
t t
k -1
tan a × tan b = [Product of roots]
æ 2 1 ö æ 1ö k +1
Þ çt + 2 ÷ + çt + t ÷ - 4 = 0
è t ø è ø
2l
1 tan(a + b) = k + 1 = 2l = l
Let t + = y \
t k -1 2 2
1-
2
(y – 2) + y – 4 = 0 Þ y2 + y – 6 = 0 k +1
y2 + y – 6 = 0 Þ y = – 3, 2
l2
1 tan 2 (a + b) = = 50
Þ y=2 Þ t + = 2 2
t
l = 10.
Þ ex + e–x = 2
75. (b) Given equation is, x2 + x sin q – 2 sin q = 0
x = 0, is the only solution of the equation
a + b = – sin q and ab = – 2 sin q
Hence, there only one solution of the given equation.

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80. (c) The given quadratic equation is x2 – 2x + 2 = 0

(a12 + b12 )a12b12 (ab)12
=
(a12 + b12 )(a - b) 24 (a - b) 24 2 ± -4
Then, the roots of the this equation are =1± i
2
\ | a - b |= (a + b)2 - 4ab = sin 2 q + 8sin q
a 1 - i (1 - i ) 2
12 12 12 Now, = = =i
(ab) (2sin q) 2 b 1 + i 1 - i2
\ = =
24 12 12
( a - b) sin q(sin q + 8) (sin q + 8)12
a 1 - i (1 - i ) 2 a
76. (d) Let 2x – 1 = t or = = = – i So, = ±i
b 1+ i 1- i 2 b
5 + | t | = (t + 1) (t – 1) Þ | t | = t2 – 6
n
When t > 0, t2 – t – 6 = 0 Þ t = 3 or – 2 æaö
Now, ç ÷ = 1 Þ (±i)n = 1
t = – 2 (reected) èbø
When t < 0, t2 + t – 6 = 0 Þ t = – 3 or 2 (both reected) Þ n must be a multiple of 4.
\ 2x – 1 = 3 Þ 2x = 4 Þ x = 2 Hence, the required least value of n = 4.
77. (d) Since 2 - 3 is a root of the quadratic equation 81. (b) Let roots of the quadratic equation are a, b.
x2 + px + q = 0 a a b
1
Given, l = and l + = 1 Þ + = 1
\ 2 + 3 is the other root b l b a
Þ x 2 + px + q = [ x - (2 - 3)[ x - (2 + 3)] (a + b) 2 - 2ab
= 1...(i)
ab
= x 2 - (2 + 3)x - (2 - 3)x + (22 - ( 3) 2 )
The quadratic equation is, 3m2x2 + m(m – 4) x + 2 = 0
= x 2 - 4x + 1
m(4 - m) 4 - m 2
Now, by comparing p = –4, q = 1 \ a+b= 2
= and ab =
3m 3m 3m 2
Þ p2 – 4q – 12 = 16 – 4 – 12 = 0
Put these values in eq (1),
3
78. (c) Sum of roots =
m2 + 1 æ 4 - mö
2
çè ÷
Q sum of roots is greatest. \ m = 0 3m ø
Hence equation becomes x2 – 3x + 1 = 0 2 =3
3 2
m
Now, a + b = 3, ab = 1 Þ | -a - b | = 5
Þ (m – 4)2 = 18 Þ m = 4 ± 18
( )
a3 - b3 = (a - b) a 2 + b2 + ab = 5 ( 9 - 1) = 8 5
Therefore, least value is 4 – 18 = 4 - 3 2
79. (d) Let x =a 82. (d) Let a and b be the roots of the equation,
\ given equation will become: 81x2 + kx + 256 = 0
| a – 2 | + a (a – 4) + 2 = 0 1
Þ | a – 2 | + a2 – 4a + 4 – 2 = 0 Given (a) 3 = b Þ a = b3
Þ | a – 2 | + (a – 2)2 – 2 = 0
256
Let | a – 2| = y (Clearly y ³ 0) Q Product of the roots =
81
Þ y + y2 – 2 = 0
256
Þ y = 1 or – 2 (reected) \ (a)(b) =
81
Þ | a – 2 | = 1 Þ a = 1, 3
4
When x = 1Þx=1 æ 4ö 4 64
Þ b4 = ç ÷ Þ b = Þ a =
è 3ø 3 27
When x = 3Þx=9
Hence, the required sum of solutions of the equation k
Q Sum of the roots = -
= 10 81

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M-46 Mathematics
k 4 64 k 86. (a) The roots of 6x2 – 11x + a = 0 are rational numbers.

\ a+ b=- Þ + =-
\ Discriminant D must be perfect square number.
81 3 27 81
Þ k = –300 D = (–11)2 – 4 × 6 × a
83. (d) Consider the quadratic equation = 121 – 24a must be a perfect square
(c – 5) x2 – 2cx + (c – 4) = 0 Hence, possible values for a are
Now, f(0).f(3) > 0 and f(0).f(2) < 0 a = 3, 4, 5.
Þ (c – 4) (4c – 49) > 0 and (c – 4) (c – 24) < 0 \ 3 positive integral values are possible.
æ 49 ö 87. (b) Given quadratic equation is: x2 – mx + 4 = 0
Þ c Î(–¥, 4) È ç , ¥ ÷ and c Î (4, 24)
è 4 ø Both the roots are real and distinct.
æ 49 ö So, discriminant B2 – 4AC > 0.

Þ c Î ç , 24 ÷ \ m2 – 4 × 1 × 4 > 0
è 4 ø
\ (m – 4) (m + 4) > 0
æ 49 ö
Integral values in the interval ç , 24 ÷ are 13, 14, ..., 23. \ m Î (–฀, –4) È (4, ฀) ...(i)
è 4 ø
Since, both roots lies in [1, 5]
\ S = {13, 14, ..., 23}
84. (d) The given quadratic equation is -m
\ - Î (1, 5)
x2 + (3 – l) x + 2 = l 2
Sum of roots = a + b = l – 3 Þ m Î (2, 10) ...(ii)
Product of roots = ab = 2 – l And 1 × (1 – m + 4) > 0 Þ m < 5
a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab \ m Î (–฀, 5) ...(iii)
= (l – 3)2 – 2 (2– l)
29
= l2 – 4l + 5 And 1 × (25 – 5m + 4) > 0 Þ m <
5
= (l – 2)2 + 1
For least (a2 + b2) l = 2. æ 29 ö
\ m Îç - ฀ ÷ ...(iv)
è 5ø
85. (a) Consider the equation
x2 + 2x + 2 = 0 From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), m Î (4, 5)
88. (a) Q z0 is a root of quadratic equation
-2 ± 4 - 8
x= = -1 ± i x2 + x + 1 = 0
2
Let a = –1 + i, b = –1 – i \ z0 = w or w2 Þ z03 = 1
a15 + b15 = (–1 + i)15 + (–1 – i)15 \ z = 3 + 6i z081 – 3i z093
= 3 + 6i((z0)3)27 – 3i((z0)3)31
æ 3p 15 3p 15
i ö æ -i ö = 3 + 6i – 3i
=ç 2e 4 ÷ +ç 2e 4 ÷
è ø è ø = 3 + 3i
æ 3ö p
é i 45 p - i 45p ù =
arg(z) tan–1 çè 3÷ø 4
( 2) \
15
= êe 4 + e 4 ú
êë úû
( 45p ( )15 3p
2 ) .2 cos
15
= = 2 .2cos 89. (b)
1
+
1
=
1
4 4 x+ p x+q r
-2
( 2)
15
= x+ p+x+q 1
2 =
( x + p) ( x + q) r
( 2)
14
= -2 = -256 (2x + p + q) r = x2 + px + qx + pq
x2 + (p + q – 2r) x + pq – pr – qr = 0
Let a and b be the roots.

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\ a + b = – (p + q – 2r) .... (i) and f (2) = 6 – 3a

& ab = pq – pr – qr .... (ii) 8
Q a = – b (given) As, f (1) + f (2) = 0 Þ 2 – 2a + 6 – 3a = 0 Þ a =
5
\ in eq. (1), we get
Þ – (p + q – 2r) = 0 ... (iii) 8
Therefore, the other root is
Now, a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab 5
= (– (p + q –2r))2 – 2 (pq –pr – qr) .... (from (i) and (ii)) 93. (b) a, b are roots of x2 – x + 1 = 0
= p2 + q2 + 4r2 + 2pq – 4pr – 4qr – 2pq + 2pr + 2qr \ a = -w and b = -w2
= p2 + q2 + 4r2 – 2pr – 2qr where w is cube root of unity
= p2 + q2 + 2r (2r – p – q) ... (from (iii)) \ a101 + b107 = (–w)101 + (–w)107
= p2 + q2 + 0 = –[w2 + w] = –[–1] = 1
= p2 + q2
n
90. (b) Here, 9x2 + 27x + 20 = 0
94. (a) We have, å (x + r - 1)(x + r) = 10n
r =1
– b ± b – 4ac
2
\ x= n
2a å (x 2 + xr + (r –1)x + r 2 - r) = 10n
r =1
– 27 ± 27 – 4 ´ 9 ´ 20
2 n
Þ x=
2´9 Þ å (x 2 + (2r - 1)x + r(r - 1)) = 10n
r =1
Þ nx2 + {1 + 3 + 5 + .... + (2n – 1) }x
4 5
Þ x=– ,– + {1.2 + 2.3 +.... + (n – 1) n} = 10 n
3 3
(n - 1) n(n + 1)
Þ nx2 + n2 x + = 10n
3 3
Given, cos A = –
5 n 2 - 31
Þ x2 + nx + =0
1 5 3
\ sec A = =– Let a and a + 1 be its two solutions
cos A 3
(Q it has two consequtive integral solutions)
Here, A is an obtuse angle. Þ a + (a + 1) = – n
4 -n - 1
\ tan A = – sec 2 A – 1 = – . Þ a= ...(i)
3 2
Hence, roots of the equation are sec A and tan A. n 2 - 31
Also a (a+1) = ...(ii)
91. (b) As tan A and tan B are the roots of 3x2 – 10x – 25 = 0, 3
Putting value of (i) in (ii), we get
10
æ n + 1ö æ 1 - n ö n - 31
2
tan A + tan B 3 = 10 / 3 = 5 -ç ÷ ç ÷ =
So, tan (A + B) = = è 2 øè 2 ø 3
1 – tan A tan B 25 28 / 3 14
1+ Þ n2 = 121 Þ n = 11
3
95. (c) (x – 1) (x2 + 5x – 50) = 0
Now, cos2 (A + B) = – 1 + 2 cos2 (A + B) Þ (x – 1) (x + 10) (x – 5) = 0
Þ x = 1, 5, –10
1 – tan 2 ( A + B ) 196
= Þ cos 2 ( A + B ) = Sum = – 4
1 + tan 2 ( A + B ) 221 96. (c) Let p (x) = ax2 + bx + c
\ 3sin2 (A + B) – 10 sin (A + B) cos (A + B) – 25 cos2 (A + B) Q p (0) = 1 Þ c = 1
= cos2 (A + B) [3 tan2 (A + B) – 10 tan (A + B) – 25] Also, p (1) = 4 & p ( -1) = 6
75 – 700 – 4900 196 5525 196 Þ a+ b+1= 4&a –b+1=6
= ´ =– ´ = – 25
196 221 196 221 Þ a +b=3&a–b=5
92. (d) If a and – 1 are the roots of the polynomial, then we Þ a = 4 & b = –1
get p (x) = 4x2 – x + 1
p (b) = 16 – 2 + 1 = 15
f (x) = x2 + (1 – a) x – a.
p (–2) = 16 + 2 + 1 = 19
\ f (1) = 2 – 2a

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M-48 Mathematics
2 100. (b) (a – 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) + (a + 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 = 0

+ 4x - 60
97. (c) (x 2 - 5 x + 5) x =1 Þ (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1) (x2 – x + 1) + (a + 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 = 0
Case I Þ (x2 + x + 1) [(a – 1) (x2 – x + 1) + (a + 1) (x2 + x + 1)] = 0
x2 – 5x + 5 = 1 and x2 + 4x – 60 can be any real number Þ (x2 + x + 1) (ax2 + x + a) = 0
Þ x = 1, 4 For roots to be distinct and real, a ¹ 0 and 1 – 4a2 > 0
Case II
1
x2 – 5x + 5 = –1 and x2 + 4x – 60 has to be an even number Þ a ¹ 0 and a2 <
Þ x = 2, 3 4
where 3 is reected because for x = 3, æ 1 ö æ 1ö
x2 + 4x – 60 is odd. Þ a Î çè - , 0÷ø È çè 0, ÷ø
2 2
Case III
x2 – 5x + 5 can be any real number and 101. (b) a = 2 + 3i; b = 2 – 3i, g = ?
x2 + 4x – 60 = 0 13 é dù
Þ x = –10, 6 abg = êësince product of roots = a úû
2
Þ Sum of all values of x
= –10 + 6 + 2 + 1 + 4 = 3 13 1
Þ ( 4 + 9) g = Þ g=
2x + 1 - 2 x -1 = 1 2 2
98. (a) .....(i)
102. (c) Consider –3(x – [x])2 + 2 [x – [x]) + a2 = 0
Þ 2x + 1 + 2x – 1 – 2 4 x 2 - 1 = 1 Þ 3{x}2 – 2{x} –a2 = 0 (Q x – [x] = {x})
Þ 4x – 1 = 2 4 x 2 - 1 æ 2 ö
Þ 3 ç {x}2 - {x} ÷ = a2 , a ¹ 0
Þ 16x2 – 8x + 1 = 16x2 – 4 è 3 ø
Þ 8x = 5
æ 2ö
Þ a 2 = 3{x} ç {x} - ÷
Þ
5
x = which satisfies equation (i) è 3ø
8
3
So, 4 x2 - 1 = 4
1/3
6 ± 36 + 8
99. (a) a, b = = 3 ± 11
2 –1/3 2/3
a = 3 + 11 , b = 3 - 11
( ) – (3 – 11)
n n a10 – 2a 8
\ an = 3 + 11 2a 9
-2
Now, {x} Î (0,1) and £ a2 < 1
=
( 3 + 11 ) – ( 3 – 11 ) – 2 ( 3 + 11 ) + 2 ( 3 - 11 )
10 10 8 8
3
(by graph)
2 ê( 3 + 11) - ( 3 - 11 ) ú
é 9 9ù
Since , x is not an integer
ë û
\ a Î (-1,1) - {0}
( é
) (
8 2 ù
) 8é
( 2ù
3 + 11 ê 3 + 11 – 2 ú + 3 - 11 ê 2 - 3 - 11 ú
ë û ë û
) ( ) Þ a Î (-1, 0) È (0,1)
= é
ë
( 9 9ù
2 ê 3 + 11 - 3 - 11 ú
û
) ( ) 103. (a) Consider 3 x 2 + x + 5 = x – 3
Squaring both the sides, we get
( 3 + 11)8 ( 9 + 11 + 6 11 – 2) + (3 - 11)8 ( 2 - 9 - 11 + 6 11) 3x2 + x + 5 = (x – 3)2
=
2 ê( 3 + 11 ) – ( 3 - 11 ) ú
é 9 9ù
Þ 3 x2 + x + 5 = x2 + 9 - 6 x
ë û
Þ 2x2 + 7 x - 4 = 0
( ) – 6 (3 - 11) 6
6 3 + 11
9 9
Þ 2 x2 + 8 x - x - 4 = 0
= = =3
2 ê( 3 + 11 ) - ( 3 - 11 ) ú
é 9 9ù 2 Þ 2 x( x + 4) - 1( x + 4) = 0
ë û

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Þ x=
1
or x = – 4 \ a3 + b3 = (4 2k ) [66 – (2k4 – 1)]
2 Putting k = – 2, (k = +2 cannot be taken because it does
1 not satisfy the above equation)
For x = and x = – 4
2
\ a3 + b3 = (4 2( -2))[66 - 2( -2) 4 - 1]
L.H.S. ¹ R.H.S. of equation, 3 x 2 + x + 5 = x – 3
a3 + b3 = ( -8 2) (66 – 32 + 1) = ( -8 2) (35)
Also, for every x Î R, LHS ¹ RHS of the given equation.
\ Given equation has no solution. \ a3 + b3 = -280 2
104. (c) x2 + 2 x - 3 - 4 = 0 1 1
106. (a) Let and be the roots of ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0
a b
ì 3
ïï (2 x - 3) if
x>
2 1 1 æ a + bö b
|2x – 3| = í + b = ç ÷ = -a
ï - (2 x - 3) if x<
3 a è ab ø
ïî 2
1 1
= Þ a = ab
3
for x > , x 2 + 2 x - 3 - 4 = 0 a b a
2
x2 + 2x – 7 = 0 b= - ( a+ b )
-2 ± 4 + 28 -2 ± 4 2 x( x + b3 ) + (a3 - 3abx) = 0
x= = = -1 ± 2 2
2 2
Þ x2 + (b3 - 3ab) x + a3 = 0
ì 3ü
Here x = 2 2 - 1 í2 2 - 1 < ý Putting values of a and b, we get
î 2þ
(
x2 + é - a + b ) ( )( )
a + b ù + (ab)3/ 2 = 0
3
3 +3 ab
for x < ëê ûú
2
x2 – 2x + 3 – 4 = 0 Þ x 2 - éëa3/2 + b3/2 + 3 ab ( a + b ) - 3 ab ( a + b ) ùû x + (ab)3/2 = 0
Þ x2 – 2x – 1 = 0
Þ x2 - (a 3/ 2 + b3/ 2 ) x + a 3/ 2b3/ 2 = 0
2± 4+ 4 2± 2 2
Þ x= = = 1± 2
2 2 Roots of this equation are a 3/ 2 , b3/ 2
107. (b) Given a3 + b3 = – p and ab = q
ì 3ü
Here x = 1 - 2 í(1 - 2) < ý
î 2þ a2 b2
Let and be the root of required quadratic equation.
b a
Sum of roots : (2 2 - 1) + (1 - 2) = 2
x 2 - 4 2kx + 2e 4 ln k - 1 = 0 a 2 b2 a3 + b3 - p
105. (d) So, + = =
b a ab q
or, x 2 - 4 2kx + 2k 4 - 1 = 0
a 2 b2
a + b = 4 2k and a.b = 2k4 – 1 and ´ = ab = q
b a
Squaring both sides, we get
Hence, required quadratic equation is
(a + b)2 = (4 2k )2 Þ a2 + b2 + 2ab = 32k2
æ -p ö
66 + 2ab = 32k2 x2 - ç ÷x+q =0
66 + 2 (2k4 – 1) = 32k2 è q ø
66 + 4k4 – 2 = 32k2 Þ 4k4 – 32k2 + 64 = 0 p
Þ x2 + x + q = 0 Þ qx2 + px + q2 = 0
or, k4 – 8k2 + 16 = 0 Þ (k2)2 – 8k2 + 16 = 0 q
Þ (k2 – 4) (k2 – 4) = 0 Þ k2 = 4, k2 = 4
108. (c) Given quadratic eqn. is
Þk= ± 2
Now, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2– ab) x 2 + px +
3p
=0
4

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M-50 Mathematics
Now, By putting
3p
So, a + b = – p, ab =
4 p p p p
a= , a = , a = and a = in (i) one by one
6 4 3 2
Now, given | a – b | = 10
p
Þ a – b = ± 10 We get least value of x12 + x22 at
2
Þ (a – b)2 = 10 Þ a2 + b2 – 2ab = 10
Þ (a + b)2 – 4ab = 10 p
Hence, a =
3p 2
Þ p2 – 4 × = 10 Þ p2 – 3p – 10 = 0 112. (b) (k – 2) x2 + 8x + k + 4 = 0
4
Þ p = – 2, 5 Þ p Î {– 2, 5} If real roots then,
109. (c) Given equation is 82 – 4(k – 2) (k + 4) > 0
Þ k2 + 2k – 8 < 16
z + 2 | z + 1| + i = 0 Þ k2 + 6k – 4k – 24 < 0
put z = x + iy in the given equation. Þ (k + 6) (k – 4) < 0
Þ –6<k<4
(x + iy) + 2 | x + iy + 1 | + i = 0
If both roots are negative
é 2 2ù then ab is +ve
Þ x + iy + 2 ê ( x + 1) + y ú + i = 0
ë û
k+4
Now, equating real and imaginary part, we get Þ > 0 Þk>–4
k -2
x + 2 ( x + 1) 2 + y 2 = 0 and k -2
Also, > 0 Þk>2
y + 1= 0 Þ y = – 1 k+4
Roots are real so, – 6 < k < 4
Þ x + 2 ( x + 1) 2 + (-1)2 = 0 (Q y = – 1)
So, 6 and 4 are not correct.
Since, k > 2, so 1 is also not correct value of k.
Þ 2 ( x + 1)2 + 1 = - x
\k=3
Þ 2[(x + 1)2 + 1] = x2 113. (d) p (x) = 0
Þ x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
Þ f ( x ) = g ( x)
Þx=–2
Thus, z = – 2 + i(– 1) Þ | z | = 5 Þ ax2 + bx + c = a1x 2 + b1 x + c1
110. (c) Given quadratic equation is Þ (a - a1 ) x2 + (b - b1 ) x + (c - c1 ) = 0.
px2 + qx + r = 0 ...(i)
It has only one solution, x = – 1
D = q2 – 4pr
Since a and b are two complex root Þ b - b1 = a - a1 + c - c1 ...(i)
\ b = a Þ |b| = | a | Þ |b| = |a| (Q| a |=| a|) -(b - b1 )
Sum of roots = -1 - 1
Consider (a - a1 )
|a| + |b| = |a| + |a| (Q |b| = |a|)
(Q |a| > 1 ) b - b1
= 2 |a| > 2.1 = 2 Þ =1
Hence, |a| + |b| is greater than 2. 2 (a - a1 )
ÞÞ b - b1 = 2 ( a - a1 ) ...
111. (d) Given equation is
...(ii)
x2 – (sina – 2)x – (1 + sina) = 0
Let x1 and x2 be two roots of quadratic equation. Now p (– 2) = 2
\ x1 + x2 = sina – 2 and x1x2 = – (1 + sina) Þ f (– 2) – g (– 2) = 2
(x1 + x2)2 = (sina – 2)2 = sin2a + 4 – 4 sina Þ 4a – 2b + c – 4a1 + 2b1 – c1 = 2
Þ 4 (a – a1) – 2 (b – b1) + (c – c1) = 2 ...(iii)
Þ x12 + x22 = sin 2 a + 4 - 4sin a - 2 x1 x2 From equations, (i), (ii) and (iii)
= sin2a + 4 – 4 sina + 2 (1 + sina)
1
= sin2a – 2 sina + 6 ...(i) a - a1 = c - c1 = ( b - b1 ) = 2
2

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Now, p ( 2) = f ( 2) - g (2) Þ 12 b2 (3 c2 – 2 c2+ y ) ³ 0 [Q b2 ³ 0]

Þ c2 + y ³ 0 Þ y ³ – c2
= 4 ( a - a1 ) + 2 ( b - b1 ) + ( c - c1 )
But from eqn. (i), c2 < 4ab or – c2 > – 4ab
= 8 + 8 + 2 = 18 \ we get y ³ – c2 > – 4ab
114. (a) Let the correct equation be
Þ y > – 4 ab
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Now, Sachin’s equation 118. (c) Let a and b are roots of the equation
x2 + ax + 1 = 0
ax 2 + bx + c ' = 0
Given that, roots found by Sachin’s are 4 and 3 a + b = – a and ab = 1
b Given that | a - b | < 5

Þ - =7 ....(i)
a
Þ (a + b)2 - 4ab < 5
Rahul’s equation, ax 2 + b ' x + c = 0
Given that roots found by Rahul’s are 3 and 2 (Q (a - b) 2 = (a + b ) 2 - 4ab )
c
Þ =6 ...(ii) Þ a 2 - 4 < 5 Þ a2 – 4 < 5
a
Þ a2 – 9 < 0 Þ a2 < 9 Þ – 3 < a < 3
From (i) and (ii), roots of the correct equation
Þ a Î (–3, 3)
x 2 - 7 x + 6 = 0 are 6 and 1.
119. (c) Given equation is x 2 - 2mx + m 2 - 1 = 0
115. (c) Since both the roots of given quadratic equation lie
in the line Re z = 1 i.e., x = 1, hence real part of both the Þ ( x - m) 2 - 1 = 0
roots are 1.
Let both roots be 1 + ia and 1 – ia Þ ( x - m + 1)( x - m - 1) = 0
Product of the roots, 1 + a2 = b Þ x = m - 1, m + 1
Q a +1 ³ 1
2
m – 1 > –2 and m + 1 < 4
\b ³ 1 Þ Q b Î (1, ¥) Þ m > - 1 and m < 3 Þ -1 < m < 3
1± 1- 4 120. (b) Given that x 2 + px + q = 0

116. (b) x2 - x + 1 = 0 Þ x = Sum of roots = tan30 + tan15 = – p
2
Product of roots = tan30 . tan15 = q
1± 3 i
x= tan30° + tan15° -p
2 tan 45° = Þ =1
1 - tan30°.tan15° 1 - q
1 3
a= +i = -w2 Þ – p = 1- q Þ q - p = 1
2 2
\ 2+ q - p = 3
1 i 3
b= - = -w 121. (d) z 2 + z + 1 = 0 Þ = w or w 2
2 2
1
a2009 + b2009 = (-w2 )2009 + (-w)2009 So, z + = w + w 2 = -1
z
= -w2 - w = 1 [Q w3 = 1]
é 1 2 2 ù
117. (b) Given that roots of the equation êëQ z = w and 1 + w + w = 0 úû
bx2 + cx + a = 0 are imaginary
\ c2 – 4ab < 0 ....(i) 1
Let y = 3b2x2 + 6 bc x + 2c2 z2 + = w 2 + w = -1, [Q w3 = 1]
z2
Þ 3b2x2 + 6 bc x + 2c2 – y = 0
1
As x is real, D ³ 0 z3 + 3
= w3 + w3 = 2
z
Þ 36 b2c2 – 12 b2 (2c2 – y ) ³ 0

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M-52 Mathematics
1 1 Þ ( x - 2)( x - 1) = 0
z4 + 4
= -1, z 5 + 5
= -1
z z Þ x = 1, 2 Þ x = ±1, ±2
1 \ No.of solution = 4
and z 6 + =2
z6 127. (b) Let one roots of given equation be a
\ The given sum = 1+1 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 12 \ Second roots be 2a then
æ Pö æ Qö 1 - 3a
122. (b) tan ç ÷ , tan ç ÷ are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 a + 2a = 3a =
è 2ø è 2ø
a - 5a + 3
2
æ Pö æ Qö b 1 - 3a
tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = - Þ a=
è 2ø è 2ø
( )
a ....(i)
2
3 a - 5a + 3
æ Pö æ Qö c
tan ç ÷ × tan ç ÷ =
è 2ø è 2ø a and a.2a = 2a 2 = 2
2
a - 5a + 3
æ Pö æ Qö
tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ é 1 (1 - 3a)2 ù
è 2ø è 2ø æ P Qö 2
= tan ç + ÷ = 1 \ 2ê ú= 2
æ Pö æ Qö è 2 2ø 2 2
ëê (a - 5a + 3) ûú a - 5a + 3
9
1 - tan ç ÷ tan ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
[from (i)]
é pù (1 - 3a) 2
êëQ P + Q = 2 úû =9
(a 2 - 5a + 3)
b Þ 9a 2 - 6a + 1 = 9 a 2 - 45a + 27
-
a =1 b a-c
Þ Þ - = 2
c
1- a a Þ 39 a = 26 Þ a =
a 3
Þ –b=a–c Þ c=a+b 128. (d) Given that Z 2 + aZ + b = 0 ;
123. (d) Let a , a + 1 be roots Z1 + Z 2 = - a & Z1Z 2 = b
Then a + a + 1 = b = sum of roots
a (a + 1) = c = product of roots 0, Z1, Z 2 form an equilateral triangle
\ b 2 - 4c = (2a + 1)2 - 4a (a + 1) = 1 . \ 02 + Z12 + Z 2 2 = 0.Z1 + Z1.Z 2 + Z 2 .0
2
124. (d) Given that 4 is a root of x + px + 12 = 0 (for an equilateral triangle,
Þ 16 + 4 p + 12 = 0 Þ p = -7 Z12 + Z 22 + Z32 = Z1Z 2 + Z 2 Z 3 + Z3Z1 )
Now, the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 2 2
Þ Z1 + Z 2 = Z1Z 2
has equal roots.
\D =0 Þ ( Z1 + Z 2 ) 2 = 3Z1Z 2
p 2 49 \ a 2 = 3b
Þ p - 4q = 0 Þ q = =
2
4 4 129. (a) p + q = – p Þ q = 2p
125. (c) Let the second root be a. and pq = q Þ q (p – 1) = 0
Then a + (1 - p ) = - p Þ a = -1 Þ q = 0 or p = 1.
If q = 0, then p = 0.
Also a.(1 - p) =1 - p or p = 1, then q = –2.
Þ (a - 1)(1 - p) = 0 Þ p =1 [Q a = -1] c 9
130. (a) Product of real roots = = > 0, " t Î R
\ Roots are a = -1 and 1 - p = 0 a t2
126. (c) Given that \ Product of real roots is always positive.
x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 Þ| x |2 -3 | x | +2 = 0

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131. (a) Let a and b are r oots of th e equation For x2 – 2bx – 10 = 0

x2 + ax + b = 0 and g and d be the roots of the equation x2 a + b = 2b ...(ii)
+ bx + a = 0 respectively. and ab = – 10 ...(iii)
\ a + b = –a, ab = b and g + d = –b, g d = a. b
Given |a – b| = |g – d| Þ (a – b)2 = (g – d)2 a= is also root of x2 – 2bx – 10 = 0
a
Þ (a+ b)2 – 4ab = (g + d)2 – 4gd
Þ b2 – 2ab2 – 10a2 = 0
Þ a2 – 4b = b2 – 4a By eqn. (i) Þ 5a – 10a2 – 10a2 = 0
Þ (a2 – b2) + 4(a – b)= 0 Þ 20a2 = 5a
Þ a+ b+4=0 (Q a ¹ b)
1 5
132. (a) Given that a2 = 5a – 3 and b2 = 5b – 3; Þ a = and b2 =
4 4
Þ a & b are roots of equation, x2 = 5x – 3
or x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 a2 = 20 and b2 = 5
\ a + b = 5 and ab = 3 Now, a2 + b2 = 5 + 20 = 25
135. (b) Let, the roots of the equation, x2 + (2 – l) x + (10 – l)
a b = 0 are a and b.
Thus, the equation whose roots are and is
b a Also roots of the given equation are
æ a b ö ab l – 2 ± 4 – 4 l + l 2 – 40 + 4l l – 2 ± l 2 – 36
x2 - x ç + ÷ + =0 =
è b aø ab 2 2
æ a 2 + b2 ö The magnitude of the difference of the roots is l 2 – 36

Þ x2 - x ç ÷ +1 = 0
è ab ø
(l – 2)3 3 (l – 2) (l 2 – 36)
or 3x2 – 19x +3 = 0 So, a3 + b3 = +
4 4
P
(l – 2) (4l 2 – 4l – 104)
= = (l – 2) (l 2 – l – 26) = f (l )
5r2 5r 4
133. (c)
Q R As f (l) attains its minimum value at l = 4.
5 Therefore, the magintude of the difference of the roots is
DPQR is possible if |i 20 |= 2 5
5 + 5r > 5r2 136. (b) | z – (3 – 2i) | £ 4 represents a circle whose centre is
Þ 1 + r > r2 (3, – 2) and radius = 4.
Þ r2 – r – 1 < 0 | z | = | z – 0 | represents the distance of point ‘z’ from origin
(0, 0)
æ 1 5öæ 1 5ö y
Þ çr - 2 + 2 ÷ çr - 2 - 2 ÷ < 0
è øè ø
æ - 5 + 1 5 + 1ö
Þ r Îç , R
è 2 2 ÷ø 4
x
O
7 æ - 5 + 1 5 + 1ö 7 G (3 , –2 )
Ï , \ r¹
4 çè 2
Q
2 ÷ø 4
4
134. (a) ax2 – 2bx + 5 = 0, S
If a and a are roots of equations, then sum of roots
2b b
2a = Þ a=
a a
Suppose RS is the normal of the circle passing through
5 b2
5 origin ‘O’ and G is its center (3, – 2).
and product of roots = a =
2
Þ 2= Here, OR is the least distance
a a a
and OS is the greatest distance
Þ b2 = 5a (a ¹ 0) ...(i)
OR = RG – OG and OS = OG + GS ...(i)

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M-54 Mathematics
As, RG = GS = 4
139. (b) Let a, b be the common roots of both the
OG = 32 + ( - 2) 2 = 9 + 4 = 13 equations.
For first equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,
From (i), OR = 4 - 13 and OS = 4 + 13 we have
( ) (
So, required difference = 4 + 13 - 4 - 13 ) a+b=
-b
...(i)
a
= 13 + 13 = 2 13
c
a.b = ...(ii)
a
137. (c) x 2 + bx - 1 = 0 common root
For second equation 2 x 2 + 3 x + 4 = 0 ,
x2 + x + b = 0
we have
- - -
b +1 -3
x= a+b= ...(iii)
b -1 2
2
b +1 a.b= ...(iv)
Put x = in equation 1
b -1 Now, from (i) & (iii) & from (ii) & (iv)
2
æ b + 1 ö æ b +1 ö -b -3 c 2
ç ÷ +ç ÷ +b =0 = =
è b - 1 ø è b -1 ø a 2 a 1
(b + 1)2 + (b + 1) (b – 1) + b (b – 1)2 = 0 b 3/ 2
=
b2 + 1 + 2b + b2 – 1 + b (b2 – 2b + 1) = 0 a 1
2b2 + 2b + b3– 2b2 + b = 0 3
b3 + 3b = 0 Therefore on comparing we get a = 1, b = &c=2
2
b(b2 + 3) = 0 putting these values in first equation, we get
b2 = – 3
3
b = ± 3i x2 + x + 2 = 0 or 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 = 0
2
|b| = 3 from this, we get a = 2, b = 3; c = 4
138. (d) We have or a : b : c = 2 : 3 : 4
2 2
140. (a) Given equations are
f (x) = x + 2bx + 2c x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 …(i)
and g(x) = - x 2 - 2cx + b2 , ( x Î R ) ax2 + bx + c = 0 …(ii)
Roots of equation (i) are imaginary roots in order pair.
Þ f (x) = ( x + b)2 + 2c2 - b2 According to the question (ii) will also have both roots
same as (i). Thus
and g(x) = -( x + c) + b + c
2 2 2
Now, fmin = 2c2 – b2 and gmax = b2 + c2 a b c

= = = l (say)
Given : min f (x) > max g(x) 1 2 3
Þ 2c 2 - b 2 > b 2 + c 2 Þ a = l, b = 2l, c = 3l
Hence, required ratio is 1 : 2 : 3
Þ c 2 > 2b 2
x-5
Þ |c| > | b | 2 141. (a)
2
> 0 Þ x2 + 5x – 14 < x – 5
x + 5x - 14
|c| c Þ x2 + 4x – 9 < 0
Þ > 2Þ > 2
|b| b Þ a = – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1
a = – 5 does not satisfy any of the options
c
Î ( 2, ¥) . a = – 4 satisfy the option (a) a2 + 3a – 4 = 0
Þ
b

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142. (c) x2 – (a + 1) x + a2 + a – 8 = 0
3 x 2 + 9 x + 17
Since roots are different, therefore D > 0 145. (b) y=
Þ (a + 1)2 – 4(a2 + a – 8) > 0 3 x2 + 9 x + 7
Þ (a – 3) (3a + 1) < 0
3x 2 ( y - 1) + 9 x( y - 1) + 7 y - 17 = 0
There are two cases arises.
Case I. a – 3 > 0 and 3a + 1 < 0 D³0 Q x is real
Þ a > 3 and a < -

11 81( y - 1) 2 - 4 ´ 3( y - 1)(7 y - 17) ³ 0
3
Hence, no solution in this case Þ ( y - 1)( y - 41) £ 0 Þ 1 £ y £ 41
Case II : a – 3 < 0 and 3a + 11 > 0 \ Max value of y is 41
11 + – +
Þ a < 3 and a > -
3
–8 8
11 1 41
\ - <a<3 Þ –2<a<3
3 146. (c) Given that both roots of quadratic equation are less
than 5 then (i)
4
143. (a) Given that z - =2 Y axis
z
4 4 4 4
z = z- + £ z- + 0
z z z z X axis
x=5
4
Þ z £ 2+
z Discriminant ³ 0
4k2– 4(k2 + k – 5) ³ 0
Þ z 2
–2 z -4£ 0 4k2 – 4k2 – 4k + 20 ³ 0
4k £ 20 Þ k £ 5
æ 2 + 20 ö æ 2 - 20 ö (ii) p(5) > 0
Þ çç z – ÷÷ çç z – ÷÷ £ 0 Þ f(5) > 0 ; 25 – 10 k + k2 + k – 5 > 0
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ k2 – 9k + 20 > 0
Þ k (k – 4) –5(k – 4) > 0
Þ (z – (1 + 5) )(z )
– (1 - 5) £ 0 Þ (k – 5) (k – 4) > 0
+ – +
+ – + –¥ ¥
–¥ ¥ 4 5
(1 - 5) (1 + 5) Þ k Î ( – ¥ , 4 ) U (5, ¥ )
(- ) ( )
Sum of roots
Þ 5 +1 £ z £ 5 +1 (iii) <5
2
Þ z = 5 +1 b 2k
max Þ– = <5
2a 2
144. (d) Let the roots of equation x2 – 6x + a = 0 be a and 4
b and that of the equation Þ k<5
The intersection of (i), (ii) & (iii) gives
x2 –cx + 6 = 0 be a and 3 b .Then
k Î ( – ¥ , 4 ).
a + 4b = 6 ...(i) 4a b = a ...(ii)
and a + 3b = c ...(iii) 3a b = 6 ...(iv) 147. (a) Given equation is x 2 - (a - 2) x - a - 1 = 0
Þ a = 8 (from (ii) and (iv)) Þ a + b = a - 2 ; a b = -(a + 1)
\ The equation becomes x2 – 6x + 8 = 0 a 2 + b2 = (a + b) 2 - 2 a b
Þ (x –2) (x – 4) = 0
= a2 - 2a + 6 = (a - 1)2 + 5
Þ roots are 2 and 4
For min. value of a2 + b2, a – 1 = 0
Þ a = 2, b = 1 \ Common root is 2.
Þ a = 1.

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M-56 Mathematics
6
Linear Inequalities
(a) contains exactly two elements.

Solution of Linear Inequality and (b) is a singleton.
System of Linear Inequalities, (c) is an empty set.
Representation of Solution of (d) contains at least four elements.
Linear Inequality in One Variable
on a Number Line, Representation 5. All the pairs (x,y) that satisfy the inequality
TOPIC Ć of Solution of a Linear Inequality 1
and System of Linear Inequalities 2 sin 2 x - 2sin x + 5. £ 1 also satisfy the equation:
in a Cartesian Plane, Equations and 4sin 2 y
Inequations Involving Absolute
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
Value Functions, Greatest Integer
Functions, Logarithmic Functions (a) 2|sin x| = 3sin y (b) 2 sin x = sin y
(c) sin x = 2 sin y (d) sin x = | sin y |
1. The region represented by {z = x + iy Î C : |z| – Re(z) £ 1} is 6. The number of integral values of m for which the equation
also given by the inequality: [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (1 + m2)x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + (1 + 8m) = 0 has no real root is :
æ 1ö [April 08, 2019 (II)]

2
(a) y ³ 2( x + 1) (b) y 2 £ 2 ç x + ÷
è 2ø (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) infinitely many (d) 3
1 2
(c) y 2 £ x + (d) y ³ x + 1 7. The number of integral values of m for which the quadratic
2 expression, (1 + 2m)x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + 4(1 + m), xÎR, is
2. Consider the two sets : always positive, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
A = {m Î R : both the roots of x2 – (m + 1)x + m + 4 = 0 (a) 3 (b) 8
are real} and B = [– 3, 5). (c) 7 (d) 6
Which of the following is not true? [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] x x
æ 3ö æ 4 ö
8. If f ( x ) = ç ÷ + ç ÷ - 1 , x Î R , then the equation
(a) A - B = (-¥, - 3) È (5, ¥) è5ø è5ø
(b) A Ç B = {-3} f(x) = 0 has : [Online April 9, 2014]
(a) no solution
(c) B – A = (–3, 5)
(b) one solution
(d) A È B = R (c) two solutions
3. If A = {x Î R : |x| < 2} and (d) more than two solutions
B = {x Î R : |x – 2| ³ 3}; then : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 9. If a, b, c are distinct +ve real numbers and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
(a) A Ç B = (–2, –1) (b) B – A = R – (–2, 5) then ab + bc + ca is [2002]
(a) less than 1 (b) equal to 1
(c) A È B = R – (2, 5) (d) A – B = [–1, 2)
(c) greater than 1 (d) any real no.
4. Let S be the set of all real roots of the equation,
3x(3x – 1) + 2 = |3x – 1| + | 3x – 2|. Then S:[Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]

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Linear Inequality M-57
1. (b) Q | z | - Re ( z ) £ 1 (Q z = x + iy )
y2 + y – 1 = 0
Þ x 2 + y 2 - x £ 1 Þ x2 + y 2 £ 1 + x -1 + 5
\y =
2
Þ x2 + y2 £ 1 + x 2 + 2x
-1 - 5
æ 1ö = [\ Equation not Satisfy]

Þ y £ 1 + 2x Þ y £ 2 ç x + ÷
2 2
2
è 2ø
5
2. (a) A = {m Î R : x 2 - (m + 1) x + m + 4 = 0 has real \Only one –1 + satisfy equation
2
roots}
5. (d) Given inequality is,
D³0
2y
2 sin 2 x - 2sin x + 5 £ 2 2sin
Þ (m + 1) 2 - 4(m + 4) ³ 0
Þ sin 2 x - 2sin x + 5 £ 2sin 2 y
Þ m 2 - 2m - 15 ³ 0
+ – + Þ (sin x - 1)2 + 4 £ 2sin 2 y
–3 5
It is true if sin x = 1 and |sin y| = 1
A= {(-¥, - 3] È [5, ¥)} Therefore, sin x = |sin y|
B= [ -3, 5) Þ A - B= ( -¥, - 3) È [5, ¥) 6. (c) Given equation is
3. (b) A = {x : x Î (–2, 2)} (1 + m2 ) x 2 - 2(1 + 3m) x + (1 + 8m) = 0

B = {x : x Î (– ¥, –1] È [5, ¥)} Q equation has no real solution
A Ç B = {x : x Î (–2, –1]} \ D<0
A È B = {x : x Î (–¥, 2) È [5, ¥)} Þ 4 (1 + 3m)2 < 4 (1 + m2) (1 + 8m)
A – B = {x : x Î (–1, 2)} Þ 1 + 9m2 + 6m < 1 + 8m + m2 + 8m3
B – A = {x : x Î (–¥, –2] È [5, ¥)} Þ 8m3 – 8m2 + 2m > 0
x
4. (b) Let 3 = y Þ 2m (4m2 – 4m + 1) > 0 Þ 2m (2m – 1)2 > 0
\ y(y – 1) + 2 = |y – 1| + |y – 2|
1 é 1 ù
Case 1: when y > 2 Þ m > 0 and m ¹
2 êëQ 2 is not an integer úû
y2 – y + 2 = y – 1 + y – 2
y2 – 3y + 5 = 0 Þ number of integral values of m are infinitely many.
Q D < 0 [ \ Equation not satisfy.] 7. (3) Let the given quadratic expression
Case 2: when 1 £ y £ 2 (1 + 2m)x2 – 2(1 + 3m)x + 4(1 + m), is positive for all x Î R,
then
y2 – y2 + 2 = y – 1 – y + 2
1 + 2m > 0 ...(i)
y2 – y + 1 = 0
D<0
Q D < 0 [ \ Equation not satisfy.]
Þ 4(1 + 3m)2 – 4(1 + 2m)4 (1 + m) < 0
Case 3: when y £ 1
Þ 1 + 9m2 + 6m – 4[1 + 2m2 + 3m] < 0
y2 – y + 2 = – y + 1 – y + 2

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M-58 Mathematics
Þ m2 – 6m – 3 < 0 x x
æ 3ö æ 4ö
Þ m Î (3 - 2 3,3 + 2 3) Þ çè ÷ø + çè ÷ø =1
5 5
From (i) Þ 3x + 4x = 5x ...(i)
1 For x = 1
\ m> - 31 + 41 > 51
2
For x = 3
m Î ( 3 - 2 3, 3 + 2 3 ) 33 + 43 = 91 < 53
Then, integral values of m = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Only for x = 2, equation (i) Satisfy
Hence, number of integral values of m = 7 So, only one solution (x = 2)
x x 9. (a) Q (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 > 0

æ 3ö æ 4ö
8. (b) f (x) = ç ÷ + ç ÷ - 1 Þ 2(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) > 0
è 5ø è 5ø
[Q a2 + b2 + c2 = 1]
Put f (x) = 0
Þ 2 > 2(ab + bc + ca) Þ ab + bc + ca < 1
x x
æ 3ö æ 4ö
Þ 0 = ç ÷ + ç ÷ -1
è 5ø è 5ø

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Permutations and Combinations M-59
7
Permutations and
Combinations
6. The number of 6 digit numbers that can be formed using

Fundamental Principle of Counting, the digits 0, 1, 2, 5, 7 and 9 which are divisible by 11 and no
Factorials, Permutations, Counting digit is repeated, is: [April 10, 2019 (I)]
Formula for Permutations, (a) 72 (b) 60
Permutations in Which Things may (c) 48 (d) 36
TOPIC Ć be Repeated, Permutations in
Which all Things are Different, 7. The number of four-digit numbers strictly greater than
Number of Permutations Under 4321 that can be formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Certain Restricted Conditions, (repetition of digits is allowed) is: [April 08, 2019 (II)]
Circular Permutations
(a) 288 (b) 360
1. Two families with three members each and one family with (c) 306 (d) 310
four members are to be seated in a row. In how many ways 8. Consider three boxes, each containing 10 balls labelled
can they be seated so that the same family members are 1, 2,..., 10. Suppose one ball is randomly drawn from each
not separated? [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] of the boxes. Denote by n i, the label of the ball drawn from
(a) 2! 3! 4! (b) (3!)3 × (4!) the ith box, (i = 1, 2, 3). Then, the number of ways in which
(c) (3!)2 × (4!) (d) 3! (4!)3 the balls can be chosen such that n1 < n2 < n3 is :
2. The value of (2 × 1P0 - 3 × 2 P1 + 4 × 3 P2 - ... up to 51th term) [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) 120 (b) 82
+ (1! – 2! + 3! – ... up to 51th term) is equal to :
(c) 240 (d) 164
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
9. The number of natural numbers less than 7,000 which
(a) 1 – 51(51)! (b) 1 + (51)!
can be formed by using the digits 0,1,3,7,9 (repetition of
(c) 1 + (52)! (d) 1
digits allowed) is equal to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
3. If the letters of the word 'MOTHER' be permuted and all
(a) 374 (b) 372
the words so formed (with or without meaning) be listed as
in a dictionary, then the position of the word 'MOTHER' is (c) 375 (d) 250
________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 10. Let S be the set of all triangles in the xy-plane, each
4. If the number of five digit numbers with distinct digits having one vertex at the origin and the other two
and 2 at the 10th place is 336 k, then k is equal to: vertices lie on coordinate axes with integral coordinates.
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] If each triangle in S has area 50 sq. units, then the
(a) 4 (b) 6
number of elements in the set S is:[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(c) 7 (d) 8
(a) 9 (b) 18
5. Total number of 6-digit numbers in which only and all the
(c) 36 (d) 32
five digits 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 appear, is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
11. The number of numbers between 2,000 and 5,000 that can
1 be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, (repetition of digits is
(a) (6!) (b) 6!
2 not allowed) and are multiple of 3 is?
5 [Online April 16, 2018]
(c) 56 (d) (6!)
2 (a) 30 (b) 48
(c) 24 (d) 36

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M-60 Mathematics
12. n – digit numbers are formed using only three digits 2, 5 (a) 1120 (b) 1880
and 7. The smallest value of n for which 900 such distinct (c) 1960 (d) 1240
numbers can be formed, is [Online April 15, 2018] 21. Two women and some men participated in a chess
(a) 6 (b) 8 tournament in which every participant played two games
with each of the other participants. If the number of games
(c) 9 (d) 7 that the men played between themselves exceeds the
13. The number of ways in which 5 boys and 3 girls can be number of games that the men played with the women by
seated on a round table if a particular boy B1 and a particular 66, then the number of men who participated in the
girl G1 never sit adacent to each other, is : tournament lies in the interval: [Online April 19, 2014]
[Online April 9, 2017] (a) [8, 9] (b) [10, 12)
(a) 5 × 6! (b) 6 × 6! (c) (11, 13] (d) (14, 17)
(c) 7! (d) 5 × 7! 22. 8-digit numbers are formed using the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4,
14. If all the words, with or without meaning, are written using 4. The number of such numbers in which the odd digits do
the letters of the word QUEEN and are arranged as in no occupy odd places, is: [Online April 12, 2014]
English dictionary, then the position of the word QUEEN (a) 160 (b) 120
is : [Online April 8, 2017] (c) 60 (d) 48
(a) 44th (b) 45th 23. An eight digit number divisible by 9 is to be formed using
(c) 46th (d) 47th digits from 0 to 9 without repeating the digits. The number
of ways in which this can be done is:
15. If all the words (with or without meaning) having five
letters, formed using the letters of the word SMALL and
(a) 72 (7!) (b) 18 (7!)
arranged as in a dictionary; then the position of the word
(c) 40 (7!) (d) 36 (7!)
SMALL is : [2016]
24. The sum of the digits in the unit’s place of all the 4-digit
(a) 52nd (b) 58th
numbers formed by using the numbers 3, 4, 5 and 6, without
(c) 46th (d) 59th
repetition, is: [Online April 9, 2014]
10
(a) 432 (b) 108
16. The sum å (r 2 + 1) × (r!) is equal to : (c) 36 (d) 18
r =1
25. 5 - digit numbers are to be formed using 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 without
repeating the digits. If p be the number of such numbers
(a) 11 × (11!) (b) 10 × (11!)
that exceed 20000 and q be the number of those that lie
(c) (11!) (d) 101 × (10!)
between 30000 and 90000, then p : q is :
17. If the four letter words (need not be meaningful) are to be
formed using the letters from the word [Online April 25, 2013]
"MEDITERRANEAN" such that the first letter is R and (a) 6 : 5 (b) 3 : 2
the fourth letter is E, then the total number of all such (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
words is : [Online April 9, 2016] 26. Assuming the balls to be identical except for difference in
(a) 110 (b) 59 colours, the number of ways in which one or more balls
can be selected from 10 white, 9 green and 7 black balls is:
11!
(c) (d) 56 [2012]
(2!)3
(a) 880 (b) 629
18. The number of points, having both co-ordinates as (c) 630 (d) 879
integers, that lie in the interior of the triangle with vertices
27. If seven women and seven men are to be seated around a
(0, 0), (0, 41) and (41, 0) is : [2015] circular table such that there is a man on either side of
(a) 820 (b) 780 every woman, then the number of seating arrangements is
(c) 901 (d) 861 [Online May 26, 2012]
19. The number of integers greater than 6,000 that can be
(a) 6! 7! (b) (6!)2
formed, using the digits 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, without repetition,
(c) (7!)2 (d) 7!
is : [2015]
(a) 120 (b) 72 28. If the letters of the word SACHIN are arranged in all possible
ways and these words are written out as in dictionary,
(c) 216 (d) 192 then the word SACHIN appears at serial number [2005]
20. The number of ways of selecting 15 teams from 15 men (a) 601 (b) 600
and 15 women, such that each team consists of a man and
a woman, is: [Online April 10, 2015] (c) 603 (d) 602

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29. How many ways are there to arrange the letters in the 39. The total number of 3-digit numbers, whose sum of digits
word GARDEN with vowels in alphabetical order[2004] is 10, is _________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
(a) 480 (b) 240 40. Let n > 2 be an integer. Suppose that there are n Metro
(c) 360 (d) 120 stations in a city located along a circular path. Each pair of
stations is connected by a straight track only. Further, each
30. The range of the function f ( x) =7 - x Px -3 is [2004]
pair of nearest stations is connected by blue line, whereas
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} all remaining pairs of stations are connected by red line. If
(c) {1, 2, 3, 4,} (d) {1, 2, 3,} the number of red lines is 99 times the number of blue lines,
31. The number of ways in which 6 men and 5 women can dine then the value of n is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
at a round table if no two women are to sit together is
given by [2003] (a) 201 (b) 200
(a) 6! × 5! (b) 6 × 5 (c) 101 (d) 199
41. If Cr º 25Cr and C0 + 5×C1 + 9×C2 + ... + (101)×C25 = 225×k, then
(c) 30 (d) 5 × 4
32. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or k is equal to ________. [NA Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
42. An urn contains 5 red marbles, 4 black marbles and 3 white
5 is [2002]
marbles. Then the number of ways in which 4 marbles can
(a) 3000 (b) 3050 be drawn so that at the most three of them are red is
(c) 3600 (d) 3250 _________. [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
33. Number greater than 1000 but less than 4000 is formed 43. If a, b and c are the greatest values of 19Cp, 20Cq and 21Cr
using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 (repetition allowed). Their respectively, then: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
number is [2002]
a b c a b c
(a) 125 (b) 105 (a) = = (b) = =
(c) 374 (d) 625 11 22 21 10 11 21
34. Total number of four digit odd numbers that can be formed a b c a b c
(c) = = (d) = =
using 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 (using repetition allowed) are [2002] 11 22 42 10 11 42
(a) 216 (b) 375 44. The number of 4 letter words (with or without meaning)
(c) 400 (d) 720 that can be formed from the eleven letters of the word
‘EXAMINATION’ is _________. [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
Combinations, Counting Formula 45. The number of ordered pairs (r, k) for which 6. 35Cr
for Combinations, Division and = (k2 – 3).36Cr + 1, where k is an integer, is:
Distribution of Objects, [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
TOPIC n Dearrangement Theorem, Sum (a) 3 (b) 2
of Numbers, Important Result (c) 6 (d) 4
About Point 46. The number of ways of choosing 10 obects out of 31
obects of which 10 are identical and the remaining 21 are
35. The number of words (with or without meaning) that can
distinct is: [April 12, 2019 (I)]
be formed from all the letters of the word “LETTER” in
which vowels never come together is ______. (a) 220 – 1 (b) 221
[NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] (c) 220 (d) 220+1
36. The number of words, with or without meaning, that can 47. A group of students comprises of 5 boys and n girls. If
be formed by taking 4 letters at a time from the letters of the the number of ways, in which a team of 3 students can
word ‘SYLLABUS’ such that two letters are distinct and randomly be selected from this group such that there is at
two letters are alike, is ______. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
least one boy and at least one girl in each team, is 1750,
37. There are 3 sections in a question paper and each section
contains 5 questions. A candidate has to answer a total of then n is equal to : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
5 questions, choosing at least one question from each (a) 28 (b) 27
section. Then the number of ways, in which the candidate (c) 25 (d) 24
can choose the questions, is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
48. Suppose that 20 pillars of the same height have been
(a) 3000 (b) 1500
erected along the boundary of a circular stadium. If the
(c) 2255 (d) 2250
top of each pillar has been connected by beams with the
38. A test consists of 6 multiple choice questions, each having
4 alternative answers of which only one is correct. The top of all its non-adacent pillars, then the total number of
number of ways, in which a candidate answers all six beams is : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
questions such that exactly four of the answers are correct, (a) 170 (b) 180
is __________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (c) 210 (d) 190

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M-62 Mathematics
49. A committee of 11 members is to be formed from 8 males Y together can throw a party inviting 3 ladies and 3 men,
and 5 females. If m is the number of ways the committee is so that 3 friends of each of X and Y are in this party, is :
formed with at least 6 males and n is the number of ways [2017]
the committee is formed with at least 3 females, then: (a) 484 (b) 485
(c) 468 (d) 469
[April 9, 2019 (I)]
n+2
(a) m + n = 68 (b) m = n = 78 C6
(c) n = m – 8 (d) m = n = 68 57. If n-2 = 11, then n satisfies the equation :
P2
50. All possible numbers are formed using the digits 1, 1, 2, 2, [Online April 10, 2016]
2, 2, 3, 4, 4 taken all at a time. The number of such numbers (a) n2 + n – 110 = 0 (b) n2 + 2n – 80 = 0
in which the odd digits occupy even places is : (c) n2 + 3n – 108 = 0 (d) n2 + 5n – 84 = 0
[April 8, 2019 (I)] 15 æ 15 C r ö
The value of å r2 ç ÷
(a) 180 (b) 175
ç 15 C ÷ is equal to :
58.
(c) 160 (d) 162 r =1 è r -1 ø
51. There are m men and two women participating in a chess [Online April 9, 2016]
tournament. Each participant plays two games with every (a) 1240 (b) 560
other participant. If the number of games played by the (c) 1085 (d) 680
men between themselves exceeds the number of games 59. Let A and B be two sets containing four and two elements
played between the men and the women by 84, then the respectively. Then the number of subsets of the set A × B,
value of m is [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] each having at least three elements is : [2015]
(a) 12 (b) 11 (a) 275 (b) 510
(c) 9 (d) 7 (c) 219 (d) 256
60. If in a regular polygon the number of diagonals is 54,
3 then the number of sides of this polygon is
20 æ 20
Ci - 1 ö k
52. If å ç 20
ç Ci + Ci - 1 ÷
20
÷ = , then k equals:
21
i =1 è ø (a) 12 (b) 6
(c) 10 (d) 9
[Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
61. Let A and B two sets containing 2 elements and 4 elements
(a) 400 (b) 50
respectively. The number of subsets of A × B having 3 or
(c) 200 (d) 100 more elements is [2013]
53. Consider a class of 5 girls and 7 boys. The number of (a) 256 (b) 220
different teams consisting of 2 girls and 3 boys that can (c) 219 (d) 211
be formed from this class, if there are two specific boys A
62. Let Tn be the number of all possible triangles formed by
and B, who refuse to be the members of the same team, is: oining vertices of an n-sided regular polygon. If
[Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] Tn+1 – Tn = 10, then the value of n is : [2013]
(a) 500 (b) 200 (a) 7 (b) 5
(c) 300 (d) 350 (c) 10 (d) 8
54. The number of four letter words that can be formed using 63. On the sides AB, BC, CA of a DABC, 3, 4, 5 distinct points
the letters of the word BARRACK is (excluding vertices A, B, C) are respectively chosen. The
[Online April 15, 2018] number of triangles that can be constructed using these
(a) 144 (b) 120 chosen points as vertices are : [Online April 23, 2013]
(a) 210 (b) 205
(c) 264 (d) 270 (c) 215 (d) 220
55. From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries, 4 64. The number of ways in which an examiner can assign 30
novels and 1 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in marks to 8 questions, giving not less than 2 marks to any
a row on a shelf so that the dictionary is always in the question, is : [Online April 22, 2013]
middle. The number of such arrangements is : [2018] (a) 30 (b) 21
C7 C8
(a) less than 500
(c) 21 (d) 30 C8
(b) at least 500 but less than 750 C7
(c) at least 750 but less than 1000 65. A committee of 4 per sons is to be formed from
(d) at least 1000 2 ladies, 2 old men and 4 young men such that it includes
56. A man X has 7 friends, 4 of them are ladies and 3 are at least 1 lady, at least 1 old man and at most 2 young men.
men. His wife Y also has 7 friends, 3 of them are ladies Then the total number of ways in which this committee
can be formed is : [Online April 9, 2013]
and 4 are men. Assume X and Y have no common
friends. Then the total number of ways in which X and (a) 40 (b) 41
(c) 16 (d) 32

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66. The number of arrangements that can be formed from the (a) at least 500 but less than 750
letters a, b, c, d, e, f taken 3 at a time without repetition and (b) at least 750 but less than 1000
each arrangement containing at least one vowel, is (c) at least 1000
[Online May 19, 2012] (d) less than 500
(a) 96 (b) 128 74. How many different words can be formed by umbling the
(c) 24 (d) 72 letters in the word MISSISSIPPI in which no two S are
67. If n = mC2, then the value of nC2 is given by adacent? [2008]
[Online May 19, 2012] (a) 8. 6C4. 7C4 (b) 6.7. 8C4
(a) 3(m + 1C4) (b) m – 1 C4 (c) 6. 8. 7C4. (d) 7. 6C4. 8C4
(c) m + 1C4 (d) 2(m + 2C4) 75. The set S = {1, 2, 3, ......., 12} is to be partitioned into three
68. Statement 1: If A and B be two sets having p and q elements sets A, B, C of equal sie.
respectively, where q > p. Then the total number of functions Thus A È B È C = S, A Ç B = B Ç C = A Ç C = f. The
from set A to set B is qp. [Online May 12, 2012] number of ways to partition S is [2007]
Statement 2: The total number of selections of p different

obects out of q obects is qCp. 12! 12!
(a) (b)
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. (4!) 3
(4!) 4
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. 12! 12!
(c) (d)
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true 3!(4!) 3
3!(4!) 4
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
a correct explanation of Statement 1. 76. At an election, a voter may vote for any number of
candidates, not greater than the number to be elected.
69. If the number of 5-elemen t subsets of the set There are 10 candidates and 4 are of be selected, if a voter
A= {a1, a2, ...., a20} of 20 distinct elements is k times the votes for at least one candidate, then the number of ways
number of 5-element subsets containing a4, then k is in which he can vote is [2006]
[Online May 7, 2012] (a) 5040 (b) 6210
20 (c) 385 (d) 1110
(a) 5 (b)
7 6
10 77. The value of 50
C4 + å 56 - r C3 is [2005]
(c) 4 (d) r =1
3
70. There are 10 points in a plane, out of these 6 are collinear. 55 55
(a) C4 (b) C3
If N is the number of triangles formed by oining these
points. Then : [2011RS] 56 56
(c) C3 (d) C4
(a) N £ 100 (b) 100 < N £ 140
78. The number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3
(c) 140 < N £ 190 (d) N > 190 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is [2004]
71. Statement-1: The number of ways of distributing 10
(a) 8 (b) 21
identical balls in 4 distinct boxes such that no box is empty C3
is 9C3 .
(c) 38 (d) 5
Statement-2: The number of ways of choosing any 3 places
from 9 different places is 9C3. [2011] 79. A student is to answer 10 out of 13 questions in an
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is examination such that he must choose at least 4 from the
first five questions. The number of choices available to
not a correct explanation for Statement-1. him is [2003]
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (a) 346 (b) 140
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. (c) 196 (d) 280
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
80. If nCr denotes the number of combination of n things
a correct explanation for Statement-1.
72. There are two urns. Urn A has 3 distinct red balls and urn taken r at a time, then the expression
n
B has 9 distinct blue balls. From each urn two balls are Cr +1 + nC r -1 + 2ń Cr equals [2003]
taken out at random and then transferred to the other. The n +1 n+ 2
number of ways in which this can be done is [2010] (a) Cr +1 (b) Cr
(a) 36 (b) 66 (c) n+2 (d) n +1
Cr +1 Cr
(c) 108 (d) 3 81. Five digit number divisible by 3 is formed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
73. From 6 different novels and 3 different dictionaries,4 novels 6 and 7 without repetition. Total number of such numbers
and 1 dictionary are to be selected and arranged in a row are [2002]
on a shelf so that the dictionary is always in the middle. (a) 312 (b) 3125
Then the number of such arrangement is: [2009] (c) 120 (d) 216

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M-64 Mathematics
1. (b) Number of arrangement Number of four-digit numbers starting with 44 is,

= (3! ´ 3! ´ 4!) ´ 3! = (3!)3 4!
4 4
r! = 6 × 6 = 36
2. (c) We know, (r + 1) × r Pr -1 = ( r + 1) × = ( r + 1)!
1! 6 6
So, (2 × 1P0 - 3 × 2 P1 + .....51 terms) + Number of four-digit numbers starting with 43 and greater
than 4321 is,

(1! – 2! + 3! – ... upto 51 terms)
= [2! – 3! + 4! – ... + 52!] + [1! – 2! + 3! – ... + 51!] 4 3
= 52! + 1! = 52! + 1
= 3 × 6 = 18
3. (309)
(5/4/3) 3 6
M O T H E R Number of four-digit numbers starting with 432 and greater
3 4 6 2 1 5 than 4321 is,
Þ 2 ´ 5! + 2 ´ 4! + 3 ´ 3! + 2! + 1 4 3 2
= 240 + 48 + 18 + 2 + 1 = 309 =4
4. (d) Number of five digit numbers with 2 at 10th place
= 8 × 8 × 7 × 6 = 2688 4
Q It is given that, number of five digit number with 2 at Hence, required numbers = 216 + 36 + 36 + 18 + 4 = 310.
10th place = 336k 8. (a) Collecting different labels of balls drawn = 10 × 9 × 8
\ 336 k = 2688 Þ k = 8 Q arrangement is not required.
5. (d) Five digits numbers be 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 \ the number of ways in which the balls can be chosen is,
For selection of one digit, we have 5C1 choice.
10 ´ 9 ´ 8
6! = 120
And six digits can be arrange in ways. 3!
2!
9. (a) Number of numbers with one digit = 4 = 4
5.6! 5
Hence, total such numbers = = .6! Number of numbers with two digits = 4 ´ 5 = 20
2! 2 Number of numbers with three digits = 4 ´ 5 ´ 5
6. (b) Given digit 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9 = 100
a1 a 2 a3 a 4 a5 a6 Number of numbers with four digits = 2 ´ 5 ´ 5 ´ 5
= 250
(a1 + a3 + a5) – (a2 + a4 + a6 ) = 11 K \ Total number of numbers = 4 + 20 + 100 + 250
Therefore, (1, 2, 9) (0, 5, 7) = 374
Number of ways to arranging them 10. (c) One of the possible DOAB is A(a, 0) and B(0, b).
= 3! × 3! + 3! × 2 × 2 = 6 × 6 + 6 × 4 = 6 × 10 = 60
1
7. (d) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Area of DOAB = |ab| .
2
Number of four-digit number starting with 5 is,
\ |ab| = 100
5 |a| |b| = 100
But 100 = 1 ´ 100, 2 ´ 50, 4 ´ 25, 5 ´ 20 or 10 ´ 10
= 6 × 6 × 6 = 216 \ For 1 ´ 100, a = 1 or –1 and b = 100 or – 100
6 6 6 \ Total possible pairs are 8.
Number of four-digit numbers starting with 45 is, Total possible pairs for 1 ´ 100, 2 ´ 50, 4 ´ 25 or 5 ´ 20 are 4 ´ 8.
And for 10 ´ 10 total possible pairs are 4.
4 5 \ Total number of possible triangles with integral
= 6 × 6 = 36 coordinates are 4 ´ 8 + 4 = 36.
6 6

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11. (a) The thousands place can only be filled with 2, 3 or 4, 15. (b) ALLMS
since the number is greater than 2000. No. of words starting with
For the remaining 3 places, we have pick out digits such
4!
that the resultant number is divisible by 3. A: A
_____ = 12
It the sum of digits of the number is divisible by 3, then the 2!
number itself is divisible by 3. _ _ _ _ _ 4! = 24
L : L
Case 1: If we take 2 at thousands place.
4!
The remaining digits can be filled as: M: M
_____ = 12
2!
0, 1 and 3 as 2 + 1 + 0 + 3 = 6 is divisible by 3.
3!
0, 3 and 4 as 2+ 3 + 0 + 4 = 9 is divisible by 3. S : S
_A_____ =3
2!
In both the above combinations the remaining three digits
: S_ L_ _ _ _ 3! = 6
can be arranged in 3! ways.

\ Total number of numbers in this case = 2 × 3! = 12. SMALL ® 58 th word
Case 2: If we take 3 at thousands place. The remaining
10
digits can be filled as:
16. (b) å (r 2 + 1) r
0, 1 and 2 as 3 + 1 + 0 + 2 = 6 is divisible by 3. R -1
0, 2 and 4 as 3 + 2 + 0 + 4 = 9 is divisible by 3. T1 = (r2 + 1 + r – r) r = (r2 + r) r – (r – r) r
In both the above combinations, the remaining three digits
T1 = r r + r – (r – 1) r
can be arranged in 3! ways. Total number of numbers in
this case = 2 × 3! = 12. T1 = 1 2 – 0
Case 3: If we take 4 at thousands place. T2 = 2 3 – 1 2
The remaining digits can be filled as:
T3 = 3 4 – 2 3
0, 2 and 3 as 4 + 2 + 0 + 3 = 9 is divisible by 3.
T10 = 10 11– 9 10
In the above combination, the remaining three digits can
be arranged in 3! ways. 10
\ Total number of numbers in this case = 3! = 6. å (r 2 + 1) r = 10 11
R -1
\ Total number of numbers between 2000 and 5000 divisible
by 3 are 12 + 12 + 6 = 30. 17. (b) M, EEE, D. I, T, RR, AA, NN
R––E
12. (d) Required n digit numbers is 3n as each place can be
Two empty places can be filled with identical letters [EE,
filled by 2, 5, 7.
AA, NN] Þ 3 ways
So smallest value of n such that 3n > 900. Therefore n = 7. Two empty places, can be filled with distinct letters [M, E,
13. (a) 4 boys and 2 girls in circle D, I, T, R, A, N] Þ 8P2
\ Number of words 3 + 8P2 = 59
6!
Þ 5! ´ ´ 2! 18. (b) Total number of integral points inside the square
4!2!
OABC = 40 × 40 = 1600
Þ 5 ´ 6! No. of integral points on AC
14. (c) E, E, N, Q, U
(i) E ................. = 4! = 24 (41, 41) B
(0, 41) C
4!
(ii) N ................. = = 12
2
(iii) Q E ............... = 3! = 6
3!
(iv) Q N ............... = =3
2!
(v) Q U E E N = 1
O A
\ Required rank (41, 0)
(0, 0)
= (24) + (12) + (6) + (c) + (a) = 46th
= No. of integral points on OB

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M-66 Mathematics
= 40 [namely (1, 1), (2, 2) ... (40, 40)] 23. (d) We know that any number is divisible by 9 if sum
\ No. of integral points inside the DOAC of the digits of the number is divisible by 9.
Now sum of the digits from 0 to 9
1600 – 40 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 = 45
= = 780
2 Hence to form 8 digits numbers which are divisible by
9, a pair of digits either 0 and 9, 1 and 8, 2 and 7, 3 and
19. (d) Four digits number can be arranged in 3 × 4! ways.
6 or 4 and 5 are not used.
Five digits number can be arranged in 5! ways.
Number of integers = 3 × 4! + 5! = 192.
Digits which are not used Number of 8 digits
20. (d) Number of ways of selecting a man and a woman for
to form 8 digits number numbers which are
a team from 15 men and 15 women divisible by 9 divisible by 9
= 15 × 15 = (15)2
Number of ways of selecting a man and a woman for next 0 and 9 8 ´ 7!
team out of the remaining 14 men and 14 women. 1 and 8 7 ´ 7!

= 14 × 14 = (14)2 2 and 7 7 ´ 7!
Similarly for other teams
3 and 6 7 ´ 7!
Hence required number of ways
4 and 5 7 ´ 7!
15 ´16 ´ 31
= (15)2 + (14)2 + .... + (1)2 = = 1240
6 Hence total number of 8 digits numbers which are
21. (b) Let no. of men = n divisible by 9
No. of women = 2 = 8 × (7!) + 7 × (7!) + 7 × (7!) + 7 × (7!) + 7 × (7!)
Total participants = n + 2 = 36 × (7!)
No. of games that M1 plays with all other men 24. (b) With 3 at unit place,
= 2(n – 1) total possible four digit number (without repetition) will
These games are played by all men be 3 ! = 6
M2, M3, ......, Mn. With 4 at unit place,
So, total no. of games among men = n.2(n – 1). total possible four digit numbers will be 3! = 6
However, we must divide it by ‘2’, since each game is With 5 at unit place,
counted twice (for both players). total possible four digit numbers will be 3! = 6
So, total no. of games among all men With 6 at unit place,
= n(n – 1) ....... (i) total possible four digit numbers will be 3! = 6
Sum of unit digits of all possible numbers
Now, no. of games M1 plays with W1 and W2 = 4
=6×3+6×4+6×5+6×6
(2 games with each)
= 6 [3 + 4 + 5 + 6]
Total no. of games that M1, M2, ....., Mn play with W1
= 6 [18]= 108
and W2 = 4n ....... (ii)
Given : n(n – 1) – 4n = 66 25. (d) p : 0 0 0 0 0 place
Þ n = 11, –6 5 4 3 2 1 ways
As the number of men can't be negative. Total no. of ways = 5 ! = 120
So, n = 11 Since all numbers are > 20,000
22. (b) In 8 digits numbers, 4 places are odd places.
Also, in the given 8 digits, there are three odd digits 1, \ all numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 can come at first place.
1 and 3. 0 0 0 0 0 place
No. of ways three odd digits arranged at four even q:
3 4 3 2 1 ways
4 P3 4!
places = = Total no. of ways = 3 × 4 ! = 72
2! 2!
(Q 2 and 9 can not be put at first place)
No. of ways the remaining five digits 2, 2, 2, 4 and 4
So, p : q = 120 : 72 = 5 : 3
5!
arranged at remaining five places = 26. (d) Given that number of white balls = 10
3!2!
Hence, required number of 8 digits number Number of green balls = 9
4! 5! and Number of black balls = 7
= ´ = 120 \ Required probability
2! 3!2!

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= (10 + 1) (9 + 1) (7 + 1) – 1 32. (b) Required sum

= 11.10.8 –1 = 879 = (2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 100) + (5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 100)
[Q The total number of ways of selecting one or more – (10 + 20 + ... + 100)
items from p identical items of one kind, q identical items of = 2(1 + 2 + 3 ...+ 50) + 5(1 + 2 + 3 + ...+50)
second kind; r identical items of third kind is –10(1 + 2 + 3 + ....+10)
= 2550 + 1050 – 530 = 3050.
(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) –1 ]
33. (c) Total number of numbers
27. (a) 7 women can be arranged around a circular table in = 3 ´ 5 ´ 5 ´ 5 –1 = 374
6! ways. 34. (d) Total number of numbers formed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
Among these 7 men can sit in 7! ways. = 5 ´ 6 ´ 6 ´ 4 = 36 ´ 20 = 720.
Hence, number of seating arrangement
35. (120.00)
= 7! × 6!
For vowels not together
28. (a) Alphabetical order is
A, C, H, I, N, S 4!
Number of ways to arrange L, T, T, R =
No. of words starting with A = 5! = 120 2!
No. of words starting with C = 5! = 120 Then put both E in 5 gaps formed in 5 C2 ways.
No. of words starting with H = 5! = 120
4! 5
No. of words starting with I = 5! = 120 \ No. of ways = × C2 = 120
2!
No. of words starting with N = 5! = 120
36. (240)
SACHIN – 1
\ Sachin appears at serial no. 601 S ® 2, L ® 2, A, B, Y ,U .
29. (c) Total number of arrangements of letters in the word 4!
\ Required number of ways = C1 ´ C2 ´ = 240.
2 5
GARDEN = 6 ! = 720 there are two vowels A and E, in half of
2!
the arrangements A preceeds E and other half A follows E.
So, numbers of word with vowels in alphabetical order in 37. (d) Since, each section has 5 questions.
\ Total number of selection of 5 questions
1
´ 720 = 360
2 = 3 ´ 5C1 ´ 5C1 ´ 5C3 + 3 ´ 5C1 ´ 5C2 ´ 5C2
7- x = 3 × 5 × 5 × 10 + 3 × 5 × 10 × 10
30. (d) Px -3 is defined if
= 750 + 1500 = 2250.
7 - x ³ 0, x - 3 ³ 0 and 7 - x ³ x - 3
38. (135)
Þ 3 £ x £ 5 and x ÎI Select any 4 correct questions in 6C4 ways.
\ x = 3, 4, 5 Number of ways of answering wrong question = 3
\ f (3) =7 -3 P3-3 =4 P0 = 1 \ Required number of ways = 6C4 (1)4 ´ 32 = 135.

39. (54)
\ f (4) =7 - 4 P4 -3 =3 P1 = 3
Let xyz be the three digit number
\ f (5) =7 -5 P5 -3 =2 P2 = 2 x + y + z = 10, x £ 1, y ³ 0, z ³ 0
Hence range = {1, 2, 3} x -1 = t Þ x = 1+ t x - 1 ³ 0, t ³ 0
31. (a) No. of ways in which 6 men can be arranged at a t + y + z = 10 - 1 = 9 0 £ t , z, z £ 9
round table = (6 – 1)! = 5! \ Total number of non-negative integral solution
M
11×10
M M = 9 + 3-1C3-1 = 11C2 = = 55
2
But for t = 9, x = 10, so required number of integers
M M
= 55 – 1 = 54.
M 40. (a) Number of two consecutive stations (Blue lines) = n
Now women can be arranged in P5 6 Number of two non-consecutive stations (Red lines)
= 6! ways. = n C2 - n
Total Number of ways = 6! × 5!
Now, according to the question, n C2 - n = 99n

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M-68 Mathematics
n(n - 1) 46. (c) Number of ways of selecting 10 obects

Þ - 100n = 0 Þ n(n - 1 - 200) = 0
2 = (10I, 0D) or (9I, 1D) or (8I, 1D) or ... (0I, 10D)
Þ n - 1 - 200 = 0 Þ n = 201
Here, D signifies distinct obect and I indicates identical
obect
25 25 25
41. (51) å (4r + 1) 25Cr = 4 å r. 25Cr + å 25 Cr 221
= 1 + 21C1 + 21C2 + ... + 21C10 = = 220
r =0 r =0 r =0
2
25
25 24 25 47. (c) Number of ways of selecting three persons such that
= 4å r ´ Cr -1 + 225 = 100 å 24 Cr -1 + 2 25 there is atleast one boy and atleast one girl in the selected
r =1 r r =1
persons
= 100.224 + 225 = 225(50 + 1) = 51.225
= n + 5C3 – nC3 – 5C3 = 1750
Hence, by comparison k = 51
42. (490) (n + 5)! n! 5!

Þ - -
0 Red, 1 Red, 2 Red, 3 Red 3!(n + 2)! 3!(n - 3)! 3! 2! = 1750
Number of ways of selecting atmost three red balls
(n + 5) (n + 4)(n + 3) n( n - 1)( n - 2)
= 7C4 + 5C1 · 7C3 + 5C2 · 7C2 + 5C3 · 7C1 Þ - = 1760
6 6
= 35 + 175 + 210 + 70 = 490
43. (c) We know nCr is greatest at middle term. Þ n2 + 3n – 700 = 0 Þ n = 25 [n = – 28 reected]
20
So, a = (19Cp)max = 19C10 = 19C9 48. (a) Total number of beams = C2 – 20 = 190 – 20 = 170
b = (20Cq)max = 20C10 49. (b) Since, m = number of ways the committee is formed
c = (21C6)max = 21C10 = 21C11 with at least 6 males
= 8C6 . 5C5 + 8C7 . 5C4 + 8C8 . 5C3 = 78
a b c
Now, = = and n = number of ways the committee is formed with at
19 20 19 21 20 19
C9 . C9 . C9
10 11 10 least 3 females
= 5C3 . 8C8 + 5C4 . 8C7 + 5C5 . 8C6 = 78
a b c a b c Hence, m = n = 78
Þ = = \ = =
1 2 42 / 11 11 22 42 50. (a) Q There are total 9 digits and out of which only 3
44. (2454) EXAMINATION digits are odd.
2N, 2A, 2I, E, X, M, T, O
Case I : If all are different, then
8
8!
p4 = = 8.7.6.5 = 1680 3!
4! \
4
Number of ways to arrange odd digits first = C3.
Case II : If two are same and two are different, then 2!
3
4! Hence, total number of 9 digit numbers
C1 . 7C2 . = 3.21.12 = 756
2!
Case III : If two are same and other two are same, then æ4 3! ö 6!
= ç C3 . 2! ÷ . 2! 4! = 180
3
4! è ø
C2 . = 3.6 = 18
2!2!
\ Total cases = 1680 + 756 + 18 = 2454 51. (a) mC2 ´ 2 = mC1 × 2C1 ´ 2 + 84
m(m – 1) = 4m + 84
36
45. (1) × 35Cr(k2 – 3) = 35Cr.6 m2 – 5m – 84 = 0
r +1 m2 – 12m – 7m – 84 = 0
r +1 m(m – 12) + 7 (m – 12) = 0
Þ k2 - 3 = m = 12, m = – 7
6
Q m>0
r +1
Þ k2 = 3 + m = 12
6 52. (d) Consider the expression,
r can be 5, 35 for k Î I
r = 5, k = ± 2 20 20
Ci -1 Ci -1
r = 35, k = ± 3 20 20 =
Ci + Ci -1 21
C1
Hence, number of ordered pairs = 4.

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20! i !(21 - i )! i (2) 2 ladies, 1 man

= ´ = (3) 1 lady, 2 men
(i - 1)!(21 - i )! 21! 21
(4) 0 ladies, 3 men
3 Possible cases for Y are
20 æ 20 ö 20 i 3
å çç 20C + 20i -C1 ÷÷ = å æç 21 ö÷ = (21)3 å i3
C (1) 20
\ (1) 0 ladies, 3 men
i =1 è i i -1 ø i =1 è ø i=1
(2) 1 lady, 2 men
2
1 æ 20 ´ 21 ö 100 (3) 2 ladies, 1 man
= ´ç ÷ =
(21)3 è 2 ø 21 (4) 3 ladies, 0 man
No. of ways = 4C3 . 4C3 + (4C2 . 3C1)2 + (4C1 . 3C2)2
3
20 æ 20
Ci-1 ö + (3C3)2
Q å çç 20 ÷ =
Ci + 20 Ci-1 ÷ø
k
= 16 + 324 + 144 + 1 = 485
i =1 è 21
\ k = 100 n +2
C6
57. (c) n-2
= 11
53. (c) Since, the number of ways to select 2 girls is 5C2. P2
Now, 3 boys can be selected in 3 ways.
(a) Selection of A and selection of any 2 other boys (n + 2)(n + 1) n (n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)
(except B) in 5C2 ways Þ 6.5.4.3.2.1 = 11
(n - 2)(n - 3)
(b) Selection of B and selection of any 2 two other boys
2.1
(except A) in 5C2 ways
(c) Selection of 3 boys (except A and B) in 5C3 ways Þ (n + 2) (n + 1) n (n – 1) = 11 . 10. 9. 4
Þ n=9
Hence, required number of different teams
n2 + 3n – 108 = (9)2 + 3(9) – 108
= 5C2 (5C2 + 5C2 + 5C3) = 300
= 81 + 27 – 108
54. (d) If all four letters are different then the number of words
5C × 4! = 120
= 108 – 108 = 0
4
If two letters are R and other two different letters are chosen 15 æ 15C ö
from B, A, C, K then the number of words 58. (d) å r 2 ç 15 r
÷
r =1 è Cr -1 ø
4!
= 4 C2 ´ = 72
2! 15 1
If two letters are A and other two different letters are chosen 15 - r r 15 - r r - 1
from B, R, C, K then the number of words 15Cr 15 1
= =
4! 15Cr -1 r - 1 16 - r r - 1| 15 - r .(16 - r )
= 4 C2 ´ = 72
2!
16 - r
If word is formed using two R’s and two A’s then the number =
r
4!
æ 16 - r ö
15 15
of words =
2! 2!
=6
= å r 2 çè ÷ å r (16 - r )
r ø = r =1
r =1
Therefore, the number of four-letter words that can be
formed = 120 + 72 + 72 + 6 = 270 15 15
= 16å r - å r
2
55. (d) \ Required number of ways = C4 ´ C1 ´ 4! 6 3
r =1 r =1
= 15 × 3 × 24 = 1080 16 ´ 15 ´ 16 15 ´ 31 ´16
= -
4 ladies 3 ladies 2 6
= 8 × 15 × 16 – 5 × 8 × 31 = 1920 – 1240 = 680
56. (b) X Y 59. (c) Given
n(A) = 4, n(B) = 2, n(A × B) = 8
3 men 4 men
Required number of subsets
Possible cases for X are
= 8C3 + 8C4 +.... + 8C8 = 28 – 8C0 – 8C1 – 8C2
(1) 3 ladies, 0 man
= 256 – 1 – 8 – 28 = 219

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M-70 Mathematics
60. (a) Number of diagonal = 54

= 2 C2 ´ 4C1 ´ 3! = 1´ 4 ´ 6 = 24
n(n - 3)
Þ = 54 Hence, total number of arrangements
2
Þ n – 3n – 108 = 0 Þ n2 – 12 n + 9n – 108 = 0
2 = 72 + 24 = 96
Þ n (n – 12)+ 9 (n – 12) = 0
Þ n = 12, –9 Þ n = 12 (Q n ¹ –9) m(m - 1)
67. (a) n = mC2 =
61. (c) Given 2
n(A) = 2, n(B) = 4, n(A × B) = 8 Since m and (m – 1) are two consecutive natural numbers,
Required number of subsets = therefore their product is an even natural number. So
8C + 8C +.... + 8C = 28 – 8C – 8C – 8C
3 4 8 0 1 2
m(m - 1) is also a natural number..
= 256 – 1 – 8 – 28 = 219 2
62. (b) We know,

m(m - 1) m2 - m
Tn = nC3, Tn+1 = n+1C3 Now =
2 2
ATQ, Tn+1 – Tn = n+1C3 – nC3 = 10
Þ nC2 = 10 æ m 2 - m öæ m2 - m ö
Þ n = 5. ç ÷ç - 1÷
m(m - 1) ç 2 ÷ç 2 ÷
è øè ø
63. (b) Required number of triangles \ C2 =
2 2
= 12C3 – (3C3 + 4C3 + 5C3) = 205
64. (c) 30 marks to be alloted to 8 questions. Each question m(m - 1) (m2 - m - 2)
=
has to be given ³ 2 marks 8
Let questions be a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h m(m - 1)[m2 - 2m + m - 2]
=
and a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 30 8
Let a = a1 + 2 so, a1 ³ 0
m(m - 1)[m(m - 2) + 1(m - 2)]
b = a2 + 2 so, a2 ³ 0,......, a8 ³ 0 =
8
So, a1 + a2 + ...... + a8 ü
= 30
+ 2 + 2 +...... + 2 ýþ =
m(m - 1)(m - 2)(m + 1)
8
Þ a1 + a2 + ...... + a8 = 30 – 16 = 14
So, this is a problem of distributing 14 articles in 8 groups.
Number of ways = 14+8–1C8–1 = 21C7
=
3 ´ ( m + 1) m (m - 1)(m - 2)
4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´1
=3 ( m +1
C4 )
68. (d) Statement - 1 : n(A) = p, n(B) = q, q > p
L O Y
L O Y Total number of functions from A ® B = qp
1 1 2
65. (b) 2 2 4 Þ 1 2 1 It is a true statement.
³1 ³1 2£ 2 1 1 Statement - 2 : The total number of selections of p different
2 2 0 obects out of q obects is qCp.
Required number of ways It is also a true statement and it is a correct explanation for
statement - 1 also.
= 2C1 × 2C1 × 2C2 + 2C1 × 2C2 × 4C1 + 2C2 × 2C1 × 4C1 + 2C2
69. (c) Set A = {a1, a2, ....., a20} has 20 distinct elements.
× 2C2 × 4C0
We have to select 5-element subset.
4´3
=2×2× +2×1×4+1×2×4+1×1×1 \ Number of 5-element subsets = 20C5
2
= 24 + 8 + 8 + 1 = 41 According to question
66. (a) There are 2 vowels and 4 consonants in the letters a,
b, c, d, e, f. (
20 C = 19 C .k
5 4 )
If we select one vowel, then number of arrangements 20! æ 19! ö
Þ = k. ç
4´3 5! 15! è 4! 15!÷ø
= 2C1 ´ 4 C2 ´ 3! = 2 ´ ´ 3 ´ 2 = 72
2 20
Þ = k Þk=4
If we select two vowels, then number of arrangements 5

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70. (a) Number of required triangles = 10

C3 -6 C3 = (50 C4 +50 C3 ) +51 C3 +52 C3 + 53 C3 +54 C3 +55 C3
10 ´ 9 ´ 8 6 ´ 5 ´ 4 = (51 C4 + 51C3 ) + 52 C3 + 53 C3 + 54 C3 + 55 C3
= - = 120 - 20 = 100
6 6 Proceeding in the same way, we get
71. (a) The number of ways of distributing 10 identical balls 55
= C4 + 55 C3 = 56 C4 .
in 4 distinct boxes
78. (b) We know that the number of ways of distributing n
= 10 -1 C4 -1 = 9 C3 identical items among r persons, when each one of them
72. (c) Two balls are taken from each urn receives at least one item is n -1
Cr -1
Total number of ways = C2 ´ C2 3 9
\ The required number of ways
9´8 8 -1 7! 7´ 6
=3× = 3 ´ 36 = 108 = C3-1 = 7C2 = = = 21

2 2!5! 2 ´1
73. (c) 4 novels, out of 6 novels and 1 dictionary out of 3 can 79. (c) According to given question two cases are possible.
(i) Selecting 4 out of first five question and 6 out of
be selected in 6 C4 ´3C1 ways remaining question
Then 4 novels with one dictionary in the middle can be = 5C4 ´8 C6 = 140 ways
arranged in 4! ways.
\ Total ways of arrangement (ii) Selecting 5 out of first five question and 5 out of remaining
8 questions = 5C5 ´8 C5 = 56 ways
= 6 C4 ´3C1 ´ 4! = 1080
Therefore, total number of choices
74. (d) First let us arrange M, I, I, I, I, P, P
=140 + 56 = 196.
7! n
Which can be done in ways 80. (c) Cr +1 + n Cr -1 + 2 n Cr
4!2!
*M*I*I*I*I*P*P* = n Cr -1 + n Cr + n Cr + n Cr +1
Now 4 S can be kept at any of the * places in 8C4 ways so
that no two S are adacent. éëQ nCr + nCr -1 = n+1Cr ùû
Total required ways
= n +1Cr + n +1Cr +1 = n + 2 Cr +1
7! 8 7! 8 81. (d) We know that a number is divisible by 3 only when
= C4 = C4 = 7 ´ 6C4 ´ 8C4
4!2! 4!2! the sum of the digits is divisible by 3. The given digits are
75. (a) Set S = {1, 2, 3, ...... 12} 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Herethe possible number of combinations of 5 digits out
AÈ B È C = S, AÇ B = B ÇC = A ÇC = f
of 6 are 5C4 = 5, which are as follows–
\ Each sets contain 4 elements. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 = 3 × 5 (divisible by 3)
\ The number of ways to partition 0 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 14 (not divisible by 3)
= 12C4 × 8C4 × 4C4
0 + 1 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 13 (not divisible by 3)
12! 8! 4! 12!
= ´ ´ = 0 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 = 12 = 3 × 4 (divisible by 3)
4!8! 4!4! 4!0! (4!)3
0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 = 11 (not divisible by 3)
76. (c) The number of ways can vote 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 ( not divisible by 3)
= 10 C1 + 10 C2 + 10 C3 + 10 C4 Thus the number should contain the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or
the digits 0, 1, 2, 4, 5.
= 10 + 45 + 120 + 210 = 385
Taking 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the 5 digit numbers are
6
= 5! = 120
77. (d) 50
C4 + å 56- r C3 Taking 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, the 5 digit numbers are
r =1
= 5! – 4! = 96
é 55 C3 + 54 C3 + 53C3 + 52 C3 ù \ Total number of numbers = 120 + 96 = 216
= 50
C4 + ê ú
êë + 51C3 + 50 C3 úû
n +1
We know éë Cr + Cr -1 = Cr ù
n n
û

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M-72 Mathematics
8
Binomial Theorem
7. If the fourth term in the Binomial expansion of

Binomial Theorem for a Positive 6
Integral Index ‘x’, Expansion of æ2 log x ö
TOPIC Ć ç + x 8 ÷ (x > 0) is 20 × 87, then a value of x is:
Binomial, General 1 èx ø
Term, Coefficient of any Power of ‘x’ [April 9, 2019 (I)]
1. If {p} denotes the fractional part of the number p, then (a) 83 (b) 82
(c) 8 (d) 8–2
ïì 3 ïü
200
í ý , is equal to : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] 8. If some three consecutive coefficients in the binomial
îï 8 ïþ expansion of (x + 1)n in powers of x are in the ratio 2:15:70,
5 7 then the average of these three coefficients is:
(a) (b)
8 8 [April 09, 2019 (II)]
3 1 (a) 964 (b) 232
(c) (d)
8 8 (c) 227 (d) 625
2. The natural number m, for which the coefficient of x in the 9. The sum of the co-efficients of all even degree terms in x
22 6 6
æ 1ö æ
binomial expansion of ç x m + 2 ÷ is 1540, is ______. in the expansion of ç x + x 3 - 1 ö÷ + æç x - x3 - 1 ö÷ , (x >
è x ø è ø è ø
[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] 1) is equal to : [April 8, 2019 (I)]
3. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3)6 (a) 29 (b) 32
in powers of x, is ____________.[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] (c) 26 (d) 24
20
a7 10. If the fourth term in the binomial expansion of
4. Let (2 x 2 + 3 x + 4)10 = å ar x r . Then is equal to
a13 6
r =0 æ 1
1 ö
___________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] ç 1 + log x + x 12 ÷ is equal to 200, and x > 1, then the
If a and b be the coefficients of x4 and x2 respectively in ç x 10 ÷
5. è ø
the expansion of
value of x is: [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(x + ) ( )
6 6
x 2 - 1 + x - x 2 - 1 , then: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] (a) 100 (b) 10
(c) 103 (d) 104
(a) a + b = 60 (b) a + b = –30 11. Let (x + 10)50 + (x – 10)50 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a50x50,
(c) a – b = 60 (d) a – b = –132
a2
6. The smallest natural number n, such that the coefficient for all x Î R; then is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
a0
n
æ 2 1 ö
of x in the expansion of ç x + 3 ÷ is nC23 , is : (a) 12.50 (b) 12.00
è x ø (c) 12.25 (d) 12.75
( )
[April 10, 2019 (II)] 5
12. If the third term in the binomial expansion of 1 + x log 2 x
(a) 38 (b) 58
(c) 23 (d) 35 equals 2560, then a possible value of x is:
[Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]

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Binomial Theorem M-73
1 21. If the coefficients of x–2 and x–4 in the expansion of

(a) (b) 4 2 18
4 æ 1 ö
ç 3 1 ÷
1 ç x + 1 ÷ , (x > 0), are m and n respectively, then
m
(c) (d) 2 2
8 ç ÷ n
è 2x 3 ø
13. The positive value of l for which the co-efficient of x2
10
æ l ö (a) 27 (b) 182
in the expression x 2 ç x + 2 ÷ is 720, is:
è x ø 5 4
[Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] (c) (d)
4 5
(a) 4 (b) 2 2 22. If the coefficients of the three successive terms in the
binomial expansion of (1 + x)n are in the ratio 1 : 7 : 42, then
(c) 5 (d) 3
the first of these terms in the expansion is:

2403 k [Online April 10, 2015]
14. If the fractional part of the number is , then k
15 15 (a) 8th (b) 6th
is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] (c) 7th (d) 9th
(a) 6 (b) 8 23. If the coefficents of x 3 and x 4 in the expansion of
(c) 4 (d) 14 (1 + ax + bx ) (1 - 2 x )
2 18
in powers of x are both ero, then
15. The coefficient of x10 in the expansion of (1 + x)2 (1 + x2)3 (a, b) is equal to: [2014]
(1 + x3)4 is equal to [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) 52 (b) 44 æ 272 ö æ 272 ö
(a) ç14, ÷ (b) ç16, ÷
(c) 50 (d) 56 è 3 ø è 3 ø
16. If n is the degree of the polynomial,
æ 251 ö æ 251 ö
8 8 (c) ç 16, ÷ (d) ç 14, ÷
é 1 ù é 1 ù è 3 ø è 3 ø
ê ú +ê ú and
ê 5 x 3 + 1 – 5 x3 – 1 ú
ë û
ê 5 x 3 + 1 + 5 x3 – 1 ú
ë û 24. {
If X = 4n - 3n - 1 : n Î N and }
m is the coefficient of xn in it, then the ordered pair (n, m) is
Y = {9 ( n - 1) : n Î N } , where N is the set of natural
equal to [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) (12 , (20)4) (b) (8, 5 (10)4) numbers, then X È Y is equal to: [2014]
(c) (24 , (10)8) (d) (12, 8 (10)4) (a) X (b) Y
17. 2
The coefficient of x in the expansion of the product (c) N (d) Y – X
(2 – x2). ((1 + 2x + 3x2)6 + (1 – 4x2)6) is
[Online April 16, 2018] 5
å a i (1 + x )
i
(a) 106 (b) 107 25. If 1 + x4 + x5 = , for all x in R, then a2 is:
(c) 155 (d) 108 i =0
18. The sum of the co-efficients of all odd degree terms in the [Online April 12, 2014]
expansion of [2018]
(a) – 4 (b) 6
(x + x3 - 1)5 + (x - x3 - 1)5 ,(x > 1) is : (c) – 8 (d) 10
(a) 0 (b) 1 55
æ xö
(c) 2 (d) – 1 26. If ç 2 + ÷ is expanded in the ascending powers of x and
è 3ø
19. The coefficient of x –5 in the binomial expansion of
10 the coefficients of powers of x in two consecutive terms of
æ x +1 x -1 ö the expansion are equal, then these terms are:
ç - ÷ where x ¹ 0, 1, is :
ç 23 1 1 ÷ [Online April 12, 2014]
è x - x3 +1 x - x 2 ø (a) 7th and 8th (b) 8th and 9th
[Online April 9, 2017] (c) 28th and 29th (d) 27th and 28th
(a) 1 (b) 4 27. The number of terms in the expansion of
(c) – 4 (d) – 1
(1 + x)101 (1 + x2 – x)100 in powers of x is:
20. If (27)999 is divided by 7, then the remainder is :
(a) 302 (b) 301
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 202 (d) 101
(c) 3 (d) 6

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M-74 Mathematics
28. If for positive integers r > 1, n > 2, the coefficients of the 35. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (1– x – x2 + x3 )6
(3r)th and (r + 2)th powers of x in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is [2011]
are equal, then n is equal to : [Online April 25, 2013] (a) –132 (b) –144
(a) 2r + 1 (b) 2r –1 (c) 132 (d) 144
(c) 3r (d) r + 1 36. The remainder left out when 82n – (62)2n+1 is divided by 9
29. The sum of the rational terms in the binomial expansion of is: [2009]
10
æ 1 1ö (a) 2 (b) 7
ç 2 2 + 35 ÷ is : [Online April 23, 2013] (c) 8 (d) 0
ç ÷
è ø n
(a) 25 (b) 32 37. Statement -1 : å (r + 1) nCr = (n + 2)2n –1.
(c) 9 (d) 41 r =0
30. If the 7th term in the binomial expansion of n

9 Statement-2: å (r + 1) nCr x r = (1 + x)n + nx(1 + x )n –1.
æ 3 ö r =0
ç3 + 3 ln x ÷ , x > 0, is equal to 729, then x can be :
è 84 ø [2008]
[Online April 22, 2013] (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(a) e 2 (b) e (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
is a correct explanation for Statement-1
e
(c) (d) 2e (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
( ) ( )
2n 2n
31. If n is a positive integer, then 3 +1 - 3 -1 is : (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
[2012] 38. In the binomial expansion of (a – b)n, n ³ 5, the sum of 5th
(a) an irrational number and 6th terms is ero, then a/b equals [2007]
(b) an odd positive integer n -5 n-4
(a) (b)
(c) an even positive integer 6 5
(d) a rational number other than positive integers 6
5
(c) (d) .
32. The number of terms in the expansion of y ( 1/5
+x1/10 55
) ,
n-4 n -5
39. For natural numbers m, n if (1 - y ) m (1 + y ) n

in which powers of x and y are free from radical signs are
[Online May 12, 2012] = 1 + a1 y + a2 y 2 + ....... and a1 = a2 = 10, then (m, n) is
(a) six (b) twelve
(c) seven (d) five (a) (20, 45) (b) (35, 20) [2006]
33. If f(y) = 1 – (y – 1) + (y – 1)2 – (y – 1)3 (c) (45, 35) (d) (35, 45)
+ ... – (y – 1)17, 11
If the coefficient of x in éê ax 2 + æç 1 ö÷ ùú
7
then the coefficient of y2 in it is [Online May 7, 2012] 40. equals the
ë è bx ø û
(a) 17 C2 (b) 17 C3
(c) 18 C2 (d) 18 C3 11
é 1 öù
coefficient of x in ê ax - æç
-7
34. Statement - 1 : For each natural number n, (n + 1)7–1 is ÷ ú , then a and b satisfy
ë è bx 2 ø û
divisible by 7.
the relation [2005]
Statement - 2 : For each natural number n, n 7 - n is (a) a – b = 1 (b) a + b = 1
divisible by 7. [2011 RS] a
(c) =1 (d) ab = 1
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is b
41. The coefficient of xn in expansion of (1 + x )(1 - x )n is
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
[2004]
is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false (a) ( -1)n -1 n (b) ( -1)n (1 - n)
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(c) ( -1)n -1 (n - 1)2 (d) (n - 1)

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42. The number of integral terms in the expansion of

n
For a positive integer n, æç1 + ö÷ is expanded in increasing
1
( 3 + 8 5)256 is [2003] 50.
è xø
(a) 35 (b) 32
(c) 33 (d) 34 powers of x. If three consecutive coefficients in this
43. r and n are positive integers r > 1, n > 2 and coefficient of expansion are in the ratio, 2 : 5 : 12, then n is equal to
(r+2)th term and 3rth term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n are __________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
equal, then n equals [2002]
16
(a) 3r (b) 3r + 1 æ x 1 ö
51. In the expansion of ç + ÷ , if l1 is the least
(c) 2r (d) 2r + 1 è cos q x sin q ø
44. The coefficients of xp and xq in the expansion of (1+ x )p+q
p p
are [2002] value of the term independent of x when £ q £ and
(a) equal 8 4
(b) equal with opposite signs l2 is the least value of the term independent of x when
(c) reciprocals of each other p p
£ q £ , then the ratio l2 : l1 is equal to :
(d) none of these 16 8
[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
Middle Term, Greatest Term, (a) 1 : 8 (b) 16 : 1
Independent Term, Particular Term
TOPIC n from end in Binomial Expansion, (c) 8 : 1 (d) 1 : 16
Greatest Binomial Coefficients 52. The total number is irrational terms in the binomial
60
45. If the constant term in the binomial expansion of æ 1 1 ö
ç 7 5 - 310 ÷
10 expansion of ç ÷ is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
æ k ö è ø
ç x 2÷ is 405, then |k| equals: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
è x ø (a) 55 (b) 49
(c) 48 (d) 54
(a) 9 (b) 1
53. A ratio of the 5th term from the begining to the 5th term
(c) 3 (d) 2
46. If for some positive integer n, the coefficients of three 10
æ 1 ö
consecutive terms in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n +5 ç 1 ÷
23 +
are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14, then the largest coefficient in this from the end in the binomial expansion of ç 1 ÷
çç ÷
expansion is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
è 2(3) 3 ÷ø
(a) 462 (b) 330
(c) 792 (d) 252 is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
47. If the number of integral terms in the expansion of 1 1
(a) 1 : 2(6) 3 (b) 1: 4(16) 3
(31 2 + 51 8 )n is exactly 33, then the least value of n is :
1 1
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(c) 4(36) 3 :1 (d) 2(36) 3 :1
(a) 264 (b) 128
(c) 256 (d) 248 54. The term independent of x in the binomial expansion of
48. If the term independent of x in the expansion of 8
æ 1 5 öæ 2 1 ö
ç 1 - + 3 x ÷ç 2 x - ÷ is : [Online April 11, 2015]
9
æ3 2 1 ö
ç x - ÷ is k, then 18k is equal to : è x øè xø
è2 3x ø
[Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] (a) 496 (b) –496
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 400 (d) –400
(c) 7 (d) 11 55. The term independent of x in expansion of
49. Let a > 0, b > 0 be such that a + b = 4. If the maximum
3 2
10
æ x +1 x -1 ö
value of the term independent of x in the binomial çè 2/ 3 1/ 3 - ÷ is [2013]
1 1
x - x + 1 x - x1/ 2 ø
-
expansion of (a x 9 + b x 6 )10is 10k, then k is equal to : (a) 4 (b) 120
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] (c) 210 (d) 310
(a) 336 (b) 352
(c) 84 (d) 176

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M-76 Mathematics
56. The ratio of the coefficient of x15 to the term independent 63. If 20C1 + (22) 20C2 +(32) 20C3+ ………. + (202) 20C20 = A(2b), then
15 the ordered pair (A, b) is equal to : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
æ 2ö
of x in the expansion of ç x 2 + ÷ is : (a) (420, 19) (b) (420, 18)
è xø
(c) (380, 18) (d) (380, 19)
[Online April 9, 2013] 64. The coefficient of x in the product (1+x)(1–x) 10
18
(a) 7 : 16 (b) 7 : 64 (1+x+x2)9 is : [April 12, 2019 (I)]

(c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 32 (a) 84 (b) –126
n (c) –84 (d) 126
æ 1ö
57. The middle term in the expansion of ç1 - ÷
è
(1 - x )n in 65. If the coefficients of x2 and x3 are both ero, in the expansion
xø
of the expression (1 + ax + bx2) (1–3x)15 in powers of x, then
powers of x is [Online May 26, 2012] the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to: [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) – 2nCn–1 (b) – 2nCn (a) (28, 861) (b) (–54, 315)
(c) 2nCn – 1 (d) 2n Cn (c) (28, 315) (d) (–21, 714)
58. The coefficient of the middle term in the binomial expansion 66. The sum of the series
4 6
in powers of x of (1 + ax ) and of (1 - ax ) is the same if 2·20C0 + 5·20C1 + 8·20C2 + 11·20C3 + … + 62·20C20
�矄 ⼄盐 ᨨ [April 8, 2019 (I)]
a equals [2004]
(a) 226 (b) 225
3 10 (c) 223 (d) 224
(a) (b) 67. The sum of the real values of x for which the middle term in
5 3
8
æ x3 3 ö
-3 -5 the binomial expansion of çç + ÷÷ equals 5670 is :
(c)
10
(d)
3 è 3 xø
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(a) 0 (b) 6
Properties of Binomial Coefficients, (c) 4 (d) 8
Number of Terms in the Expansion 68. The value of r for which
TOPIC Đ of (x+y+z)n, Binomial theorem for 20
any Index, Multinomial theorem, Cr 20C0 + 20 Cr -120C1 + 20 Cr - 220C2 + ... + 20 C020 Cr
Infinite Series is maximum, is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(a) 15 (b) 20
20 (c) 11 (d) 10
59. The value of å 50-r C6 is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
å { 50 Cr × 50 - r C25 - r } = K ( 50 C25 ),
25
r=0
51C 30C 50C 30C
69. If then K is equal
(a) 7 – 7 (b) 7 – 7 r=0
(c) 50C – 30C (d) 51C + 30C
6 6 7 7 to: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
60. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x2)10 is (a) (25)2 (b) 225 – 1
_______. [NA Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (c) 224 (d) 225
3
61. If the sum of the coefficients of all even powers of x in the æ 1 - t6 ö
70. The coefficient of t4 in the expansion of ç ÷÷
ç
product è 1- t ø
(1 + x + x2 + ... + x2n) (1 – x + x2 – x3 + ... + x2n) is 61, then n [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) 14 (b) 15
is equal to ¾¾¾. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] (c) 10 (d) 12
62. The term independent of x in the expansion of 71. The value of
(21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) + (21C3 – 10C3) + (21C4 – 10C4)
æ 1 x8 ö æ 2 3 ö 6
çç - ÷÷ . ç 2 x - 2 ÷ is equal to : + .... + (21C10 – 10C10) is : [2017]
è 60 81 ø è x ø
(a) 220 – 210 (b) 221 – 211
[NA April 12, 2019 (II)]
(c) 221 – 210 (d) 220 – 29
(a) –72 (b) 36
(c) –36 (d) –108

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n (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true

æ 2 4ö
72. If the number of terms in the expansion of ç1 - + 2 ÷ , (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
è x x ø
is a correct explanation for Statement-1
x ¹ 0, is 28, then the sum of the coefficients of all the terms
(c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -
in this expansion, is : [2016]
2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) 243 (b) 729
(c) 64 (d) 2187 (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
73. The sum of coefficients of integral power of x in the 77. The sum of the series [2007]
( )
50
binomial expansion 1 - 2 x is : [2015] 20
C0 - 20
C1 + 20
C2 - 20
C3 + ..... -..... + 20
C10 is
(
1 50
3 -1 ) (
1 50
2 +1 ) (a) 0 (b) 20
(a) (b) C10

2 2
(c)
2
(
1 50
3 +1 ) (d)
2
( )
1 50
3 (c) - 20 C10 (d)
1
2
20
C10
74. The coefficient of x 1012 in the expansion of

3
(1 + xn + x253)10, (where n £ 22 is any positive integer), is 78. If x is so small that x and higher powers of x may be
3 3
(a) 1 (b) 10 C4 æ 1 ö
(1 + x) 2 - ç 1 + x÷
(c) 4n (d) 253 C 4 è 2 ø
neglected, then may be
1
10 10
75. Let S1 = å j ( j - 1)10C J , S2 = å j10C j (1 - x ) 2
j =1 j =1
approximated as [2005]
10
and S3 = å j 2 10
Cj. [2010] 3 3
j =1
(a) 1 - x 2 (b) 3 x + x2
8 8
Statement -1 : S3 = 55 × 29.
3 x 3 2
Statement - 2: S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28 . (c) - x2 (d) - x
8 2 8
(a) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true ; Statement - 79. If x is positive, the first negative term in the expansion of
2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
(1 + x)27 5 is [2003]
(b) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is false.
(a) 6th term (b) 7th term
(c) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true .
(c) 5th term (d) 8th term
(d) Statement - 1 is true, Statement 2 is true ; Statement -2 80. The positive integer ust greater than (1 + 0.0001)10000 is
is a correct explanation for Statement -1. [2002]
76. In a shop there are five types of ice-creams available. A (a) 4 (b) 5
child buys six ice-creams. (c) 2 (d) 3
Statement-1 : The number of different ways the child can 81. If the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (a + b)n is
buy the six ice-creams is 10C5. 4096, then the greatest coefficient in the expansion is
Statement -2 : The number of different ways the child can [2002]
buy the six ice-creams is equal to the number of different (a) 1594 (b) 792
ways of arranging 6 A’s and 4 B’s in a row. [2008] (c) 924 (d) 2924

EBD_8344
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M-78 Mathematics
3200 1 100
1. (d) = (9 )
8 8 r1 r2 r3
0 7 3
1 1é n(n + 1) 2 ù
= (1 + 8)100 = ê1 + n × 8 + × 8 + ....ú 1 5 4
8 8ë 2 û
2 3 5
1
= + Integer 3 1 6
8
ìï 3200 üï ì 1 ü 1 10!37 43 10!(2)(3)5 (4) 4

\í ý = í + integer ý = a7 = +
ïî 8 ïþ î 8 þ 8 7!3! 5!4!
2. (13) 10!(2) 2 (3)3 (4)5 10!(2) 3 (3)(4) 6

+ +
r 2!3!5! 3!6!
æ 1ö
Tr +1 = 22
Cr × ( xm )22- r × ç 2 ÷ a13 = Coeff. of x13
èx ø
2r1 + r2 = 13 and r1 + r2 + r3 = 10
Tr +1 = 22
Cr × x 22 m - mr - 2r Possibilities are
Q 22m - mr - 2r = 1
r1 r2 r3
22 m - 1 3×3×5 3 7 0
Þr= Þ r = 22 -
m+ 2 m+2 4 5 1
So, possible value of m = 1, 3, 7, 13, 43 5 3 2
But 22Cr = 1540
6 1 3
\ Only possible value of m = 13.
3. (120.00)
10!(23 )(37 ) 10!(24 )(35 )(4)
6 a13 = +
æ 1- x 4 ö 3!7! 4!5!
Coefficient of x 4 in çç ÷÷ = coefficient of x 4 in
è 1- x ø 10!(25 )(33 )(42 ) 10!(26 )(3)(43 )
+ +
(1 - 6 x4 )(1 - x)-6 5! 3! 2! 6!1! 3!
= coefficient of x4 in (1 - 6 x ) éë1 + C1 x + C2 x + ....ùû

4 6 7 2 a7
\ = 23 = 8
a 13
= 9C4 - 6 ×1 = 126 - 6 = 120.
5. (d) Using Binomial expansion
4. (8.00)
(x + a)n + (x – a)n = 2(T1 + T3 + T5 + T7...)
20
The given expression is (2 x 2 + 3x + 4)10 = å ar x r 6 6
\ æç x + x 2 - 1 ö÷ + æç x - x 2 - 1 ö÷ = 2 (T1 + T3 + T5 + T7 )
r =0 è ø è ø
10! 2[6C0 x5 + 6C2 x4 (x2 – 1) + 6C4 x2 (x2 – 1)2 + 6C6 (x2 – 1)3]
General term = (2 x 2 )r1 (3 x) r2 (4) r3
r1 !r2 !r3 ! = 2[x6 + 15(x6 – x4) + 15x2(x4 – 2x2 + 1) + (–1 + 3x2 – 3x4 + x6)]
Since, a7 = Coeff. of x7 =2(32x6 – 48x4 + 18x2 – 1)
2r1 + r2 = 7 and r1 + r2 + r3 = 10 a = – 96 and b = 36
Possibilities are \ a – b = – 132

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n 3 1
æ 2 1 ö Þ
6. (a) çx + 2 ÷ 20 x 2(1+ log10 x ) .x 4 = 200
è x ø
1 3
+
x 4 2(1+ log10 x ) = 10
r
General term Tr +1 = Cr x n
( ) 2 n-r æ 1 ö n
ç 3 ÷ = Cr × x
èx ø
2n – 5r
Taking log10 on both sides and putting log10 x = t

To find coefficient of x, 2n – 5r = 1 æ1 3 ö
Given nCr = nC23 Þ r = 23 or n – r = 23 ç + ÷ t = 1 Þ t2 + 3t – 4 = 0
è 4 2(1 + t) ø
\ n = 58 or n = 38
Þ t2 + 4t – t – 4 = 0 Þ t (t + 4) – 1 (t + 4) = 0
Minimum value is n = 38
Þ t = 1 or t = – 4
7. (b) Q T4 = 20 ´ 87
log10 x = 1 Þ x = 10
æ 2ö
3
or log10 x = – 4 Þ x = 10–4
Þ 6C3 ç ÷ ´ ( xlog8 x )3 = 20 ´ 87
è xø According to the question x > 1, \ x = 10.
3 11. (c) (x + 10)50 + (x – 10)50
æ xlog8 x ö log8 x
Þ 8 ´ 20 ´ ç ÷ = 20 ´ 8 Þ x
7
= 64 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ¼ + a50x50
ç x ÷
è ø x \ a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ¼ + a50x50
Now, take log8 on both sides, then = 2(50C0x50 + 50C2x48 . 102 + 50C4x46 . 104 + ¼)
(log8x)2 – (log8x) = 2 \ a0 = 2.50C501050
Þ log8x = –1 or log8x =2 a2 = 2.50C2.1048
1
Þx= or x = 82 a2 50
C2 ´1048
8 \ a0 = 50
C50 1050
8. (b) Given nCr–1 : nCr : nCr+1 = 2 : 15 : 70
n
Cr -1 2 n
Cr 15 50 ´ 49 49
Þ = and = = = = 12.25
n 15 n 2 ´100 4
Cr Cr +1 70
12. (a) Third term of (1 + xlog2 x )5 = 5C2 ( xlog2 x )5-3
r 2 r +1 3
Þ = and =
n - r + 1 15 n - r 14 =5C2 ( xlog2 x )2
Þ 17r = 2n + 2 and 17r = 3n – 14
Given, 5C2 ( xlog2 x )2 = 2560
i.e., 2n + 2 = 3n – 14 Þ n = 16 & r = 2
Þ ( xlog2 x )2 = 256 = (±16)2
16
C1 + 16C2 + 16
C3 16 + 120 + 560
\ Average = = Þ
3 3 x log 2 x = 16 or x log 2 x = –16 (reected)
696 Þ x log 2 x = 16 Þ log2 xlog2 x = log2 16 = 4
= = 232
3 Þ log2 x = ±2 Þ x = 22 or 2–2
1
9. (d) ( x + x 3 - 1)6 + ( x - x 3 - 1)6 Þ x = 4 or
4
= 2[6C0x6 + 6C2x4 (x3 – 1) + 6C4x2 (x3 – 1)2
13. (a) Since, coefficient of x 2 in the expression x 2
+ 6C6(x3 – 1)3]
= 2[x + 15x – 15x + 15x – 30x + 15x + x9 – 3x6
6 7 4 8 5 2 æ lö
x + 2 ÷ is a constant term, then
èç x ø
+ 3x3 – 1]
Hence, the sum of coefficients of even powers of 10
æ lö
Coefficient of x2 in x2 ç x + 2 ÷
x = 2[1 – 15 + 15 + 15 – 3 – 1] = 24 è x ø
10. (b) \ fourth term is equal to 200.
10
æ lö
æ æ 1 öö
3 = co-efficient of constant term in ç x + 2 ÷
3 è x ø
ç ç ÷÷ æ 1 ö
T4 = C ç x è 1+ log10 x ø ÷
6 ç x12 ÷ = 200 10 r
3
ç ÷ æ lö æ lö
( x)
10- r
ç ÷ General term in ç x + 2 ÷
10
ç ÷ è ø = Cr çè 2 ÷ø
è ø è x ø x

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M-80 Mathematics
10 - r
- 2r
= 10C ( x ) × l2
( ) ( )( )
2
r é8 8 6 2 ù
ê C0 5 x + 1 + C2 5 x + 1
3 8 3
Then, for constant term, 5 x3 – 1 ú
ê ú
10 - r 1 ê
( )( ) ú
4 4
- 2r = 0 Þ r = 2 = 8 ê + 8 C4 5 x 3 + 1 5 x3 – 1 ú
2 2 ê ú
Co-efficient is x2 in expression = 10C2l2 = 720 ê 8
( )( ) ( ) ú
2 6 8
ê + C6 5 x + 1 5 x3 – 1 + 8C8 5 x3 - 1
3
ú
720 ë û
Þ l2 = = 16 Þ l = 4d
5´ 9
é 8C0 (5 x 3 + 1)4 + 8C2 (5 x 3 + 1)3 (5 x 3 – 1) + 8C ù
Hence, required value of l is 4.
1 ê 3 ú
4
14. (b) 2403 = 2400 × 23 ê

= 8 (5 x + 1) (5 x – 1)
2 3 2 ú
2 ê 8 ú
= 24 ×100 × 23 ê + C6 (5 x + 1) (5x – 1) + 8C8 (5 x – 1)

3 3 3 3 4
ú
ë û
= (24)100 × 8
= 8(24)100 = 8(16)100 So, the degree of polynomial is 12,
= 8 (1 + 15)100 Now, coefficient of x12 = [8C054 + 8C254 + 8C454 + 8C654
= 8 + 15 m
When 2403 is divided by 15, then remainder is 8. + 8C854 ]
8 28 24
Hence, fractional part of the number is = 54 × = 54 × 24 ×
15 2 2
Therefore value of k is 8
15. (a) Q (1 + x)2 = 1 + 2x + x2, = 104 × 23 = 8 (10)4
(1 + x2)3 = 1 + 3x2 + 3x4 + x6, 17. (a) Let a = ((1 + 2x + 3x2)6 + (1 – 4x2)6)
and (1 + x3)4 = 1 + 4x3 + 6x6 + 4x9 + x12
\ Coefficient of x2 in the expansion of the product
So, the possible combinations for x10 are:
x . x9, x . x6 . x3, x2 . x2 . x6, x4 . x6 (2 – x2) ((1 + 2x + 3x2)6 + (1 – 4x2)6)
Corresponding coefficients are 2 × 4, 2 × 1 × 4, 1 × 3 × 6, 3 = 2 (Coefficient of x2 in a) – 1 (Constant of expansion)
× 6 or 8, 8, 18, 18.
\ Sum of the coefficient is 8 + 8 + 18 + 18 = 52 In the expansion of ((1 + 2x + 3x2)6 + (1 – 4x2)6).
Therefore, the coefficient of x 10 in the expansion of Constant = 1 + 1 = 2
(1 + x)2 (1 + x2)3 (1 + x3)4 is 52.
Coefficient of x2 = [Coefficient of x2 in (6C0 (1 + 2x)6 (3x2)0)]
é ù é
8
ù
8 + [Cofficient of x2 in (6C1 (1 + 2x)5 (3x2)1)]
1 1
16. (d) ê ú +ê ú – [6C1 (4x2)]
ê 5 x 3 + 1 – 5 x3 – 1 ú ê 5 x 3 + 1 + 5 x3 – 1 ú
ë û ë û
= 60 + 6 × 3 – 24 = 54
After rationalise the polynomial we get
\ The coefficient of x2 in (2 – x2) ((1 + 2x + 3x2)6 +
8 (1 – 4x2)6)
é 1 5 x3 + 1 + 5 x 3 – 1 ù
ê ´ ú = 2 × 54 – 1 (2) = 108 – 2 = 106
ê 5 x3 + 1 – 5x3 – 1 5 x 3
+ 1 + 5 x 3
– 1 ú
ë û
8
18. (c) Since we know that,
é 1 5 x 3 + 1 – 5 x3 – 1 ù
+ê ´ ú (x + a)5 + (x – a)5
ê 5 x3 + 1 + 5 x3 – 1 5 x 3 + 1 – 5 x 3 – 1 úû = 2[5C0 x5 + 5C2 x3× a2 + 5C4x×a4]
ë
(x + ) + (x - )
5 5
8 8 \ x3 - 1 x3 - 1
é 5 x 3 + 1 + 5 x3 – 1 ù é 5 x3 + 1 – 5 x 3 – 1 ù
=ê ú +ê ú
ê (5 x 3 + 1) – (5 x3 – 1) ú ê (5 x3 + 1) – (5 x 3 – 1) ú = 2[5C0 x5 + 5C2 x3(x3 – 1) + 5C4x(x3 – 1)2]
ë û ë û
Þ 2[x5 + 10x6 – 10x3 + 5x7 – 10x4 + 5x]
1 é
( ) +( )
8 8ù
= ê 5 x3 + 1 + 5 x3 – 1 5 x3 + 1 - 5 x3 – 1 ú \ Sum of coefficients of odd degree terms = 2.
28 ë û

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24. (b) 4n – 3n – 1 = (1 + 3)n – 3n –1

( )( ) ( )( )
10
é x1 3 + 1 x 2 3 - x1 3 + 1 x -1 x +1 ù = [nC0 + nC1.3 + nC2.32 +......+ nCn3n] – 3n – 1
ê - ú
( ) ( )
19. (a)
ê x 23
- x13
+ 1 x x -1 ú = 9 [nC2 +nC3.3+....+nCn.3n–2]
ëê ûú \ 4n – 3n – 1 is a multiple of 9 for all n.
\ X = {x : x is a multiple of 9}
( ) = (x )
10 10
= x1 3 + 1 - 1 - 1 x1 2 13
- 1 x1 2 Also, Y = {9 (n – 1) : n ÎN}
= {All multiples of 9}
20-5r
Clearly X Ì Y. \ X È Y = Y
Tr + 1 = 10Cr x 6
for r = 10 5
T11 = 10
C10 x -5 25. (a) 1+ x + x =4 5 å ai (1 + x)i
i= 0
Coefficient of x–5 = 10C10 (1) (–1)10 = 1 1 2 3

= a0 + a1 (1 + x) + a2 (1 + x ) + a3 (1 + x )
( 28 - 1) 999
=
28l - 1
20. (d)
7 + a4 (1 + x )4 + a5 (1 + x )5
7
28l - 7 + 7 - 1 7 ( 4l - 1) + 6 Þ 1 + x 4 + x5
Þ =
7 7 = a0 + a1 (1 + x) + a2 (1 + 2 x + x 2 ) + a3 (1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x3 )
\ Remainder = 6
+ a4 (1 + 4 x + 6 x 2 + 4 x3 + x 4 ) + a5 (1 + 5x + 10 x 2 + 10 x3 + 5x 4 + x5 )
r
æ 1ö
18 - r æ ö 6-
2r
ç 1 ÷ = 18 3 1 Þ 1 + x 4 + x5
21. (b) Tr + 1 = 18
Cr ç x3 ÷ Cr x
çè ÷ø ç 1÷ 2 r
2
çè 3 ÷ø = a0 + a1 + a1 x + a2 + 2a2 x + a2 x + a3 + 3a3 x
2x
+3a3 x 2 + a3 x3 + a4 + 4a4 x + 6a4 x 2 + 4a4 x3 + a4 x 4 + a5
ì 2r ü
ïï 6 - 3 = -2 Þ r = 12 ïï +5a5 x + 10a5 x 2 + 10a5 x3 + 5a5 x 4 + a5 x5
í ý
ï & 6 - 2r = -4 Þ r = 15 ï Þ 1 + x 4 + x5
îï 3 þï
= (a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 ) + x(a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 + 4a4 + 5a5 )
18 1
C12 + x 2 (a2 + 3a3 + 6a4 + 10a5 ) + x3 (a3 + 4 a4 + 10a5 )
coefficient of x -2 212 = 182
Þ =
coefficient of x -4 18
C15
1
+ x 4 (a4 + 5a5 ) + x5 (a5 )
15
2 On comparing the like coefficients, we get
n
C r n Cr +1 n C r + 2 a5 = 1 ...(i) ; a4 + 5a=
5 1 ...(ii);
22. (c) = =
1 7 42
a3 + 4a4 + 10 a=
5 0 ...(iii)
By solving we get r = 6
so, it is 7th term. and a2 + 3a3 + 6 a4 + 10a5 = 0 ...(iv)
23. (b) Consider (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 from (i) & (ii), we get
= (1 + ax + bx2) [18C0 – 18C1 (2x)
a4 = -4 ...(v) from (i), (iii) & (v), we get
+ 18C2(2x)2– 18C3(2x)3 + 18C4(2x)4 –.......]
Coeff. of x = C3 (–2)3 + a. (–2)2.18C2 + b (–2).18C1 = 0
3 18 a3 = +6 ...(vi)
Coeff. of x3 = – 18C3.8 + a × 4. 18C2 – 2b × 18 = 0 Now, from (i), (v) and (vi), we get
a2 = – 4
18 ´ 17 ´ 16 4 a + 18 ´ 17 26. (a) Let rth and (r + 1)th term has equal coefficient
=- .8 + - 36b = 0
6 2 55 55
æ xö 55 æ xö
= –51 × 16 × 8 + a × 36 × 17 – 36b = 0 çè 2 + ÷ø = 2 ç1 + ÷
è 6ø
3
= –34 × 16 + 51a – 3b = 0
r
= 51a – 3b = 34 × 16 = 544 æ xö
rth term = 255 55Cr ç ÷
= 51a – 3b = 544 ....(i) è 6ø
Only option number (b) satisfies the equation number (i)

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M-82 Mathematics
1 30. (b) Let r + 1 = 7 Þ r = 6

Coefficient of xr is 255 55Cr r Given expansion is
6
9
r +1 æ 3 ö
æ xö ç3 + 3 ln x ÷ , x > 0
(r +1)th term = 255 55Cr +1 ç ÷
è 6ø è 84 ø
1 We have
55 55
Coefficient of xr+1 is 2 Cr +1. r +1 Tr+1 = nCr (x)n–r ar for (x + a)n.
6
Both coefficients are equal \ According to the question
1 1 3
255 55Cr = 255 55Cr +1 9 æ 3 ö 6
r r +1 729 = C6 ç ÷ .( 3 ln x )
6 6 3
è 84 ø
1 1 1
= . 33 3
r 55 - r r + 1 54 - r 6 Þ 36 = 84 ´ ´ 3 ´ (6 ln x)
84
6 (r + 1) = 55 – r
6r + 6 = 55 – r Þ (ln x)6 = 1 Þ (ln x)6 = (ln e)6
7r = 49 Þ x=e
( ) ( )
r=7 2n 2n
(r + 1) = 8 31. (a) Consider 3 +1 - 3 -1
Coefficient of 7th and 8th terms are equal.
( 3)
2 n -1
( 3)
2 n -3
= 2 é 2n C1 + 2 n C3
27. (c) Given expansion is êë
(1 + x)101 (1 – x + x2)100
( 3)
2n-5
= (1 + x) (1 + x)100 (1 – x + x2)100 + 2 n C5 + ....ù
úû
= (1 + x) [(1 + x) (1 – x + x2)]100 Q (a + b)n – (a – b)n
x3)100]
= 2[n C1a n -1b + nC3 a n -3b3 ...]
= (1 + x) [(1 –
Expansion (1 – x3)100 will have 100 + 1 = 101 terms = which is an irrational number.
So, (1 + x) (1 – x3)100 will have 2 × 101 = 202 terms 55
æ 1 1 ö
28. (a) Expansion of (1 + x)2n is 1 + 2nC1x + 2nC2 x2 + ...... + 32. (a) Given expansion is çç y 5 + x 10 ÷÷
2nC xr + 2nC r+1 + ...... + 2nC x2n
r r+1 x 2n è ø
As given 2nCr+2 = 2nC3r The general term is
55- r r
(2n)! (2n)! æ 1ö æ 1 ö
Þ = Tr +1 = 55
Cr ç y 5 ÷ .ç x10 ÷
(r + 2)! (2n - r - 2)! (3r )! (2 n - 3r )! ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø è ø
Þ (3r) ! (2n – 3r) ! = (r + 2) ! (2n – r – 2) ! ...(1) Tr + 1 would free from radical sign if powers of y and x are
Now, put value of n from the given choices. integers.
Choice (a) put n = 2r + 1 in (1) 55 - r r
LHS : (3r) ! (4r + 2 – 3r) ! = (3r) ! (r + 2) ! i.e. and are integer.
5 10
RHS : (r + 2) ! (3r) ! Þ r is multiple of 10.
Þ LHS = RHS Hence, r = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
29. (d) (21/2 + 31/5)10 = 10C0(21/2)10 It is an A.P.
+ 10C1(21/2)9 (31/5) + ...... + 10C10(31/5)10 Thus, 50 = 0 + (k – 1) 10
There are only two rational terms – first term and last term. 50 = 10k – 10 Þ k = 6
Now sum of two rational terms Thus, the six terms of the given expansion in which x and
y are free from radical signs.
= (2)5 + (3)2 = 32 + 9 = 41

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33. (d) Given function is 36. (a) (8)2n – (62) 2n + 1

f(y) = 1 – (y – 1) + (y – 1)2 – (y – 1)3 + ........ – (y – 1)17 = (64) n – (62)2n + 1
In the expansion of (y – 1)n = (63 + 1)n – (63 – 1)2n + 1
Tr + 1 = nCr yn – r (– 1)r = é nC0 (63) n + n C1 (63) n -1 + nC2 (63)n - 2

ë
coeff of y2 in (y – 1)2 = 2C0
+ ........+
n
Cn-1 (63) + nCn ù
coeff of y2 in (y – 1)3 = – 3C1 û
coeff of y2 in (y – 1)4 = 4C2
- é 2n+1C0 (63)2n+1 - 2n+1C1 (63)2n
So, coeff of termwise is ë
2C + 3C + 4C + 5C + .......... + 17C + 2 n +1C2 (63)2 n -1 – ........+ (–1)2n+1 2n+1C2n+1 ù
0 1 2 3 15 û
= 1 + 3C1 + 4C2 + 5C3 + .......... + 17C15 n-1 n n- 2 n
= 63 × éë C0 (63) + C1 (63)
n
+ C2 (63) n-3
= (3C0 + 3C1) + 4C2+ 5C3 + .......... + 17C15

= 4C1 + 4C2 + 5C3 + .......... + 17C15 +........ + nCn -1 ùû + 1 – 63 ×
= 5C2 + 5C3 + .......... + 17C15 é 2n+1C0 (63) 2n - 2n+1C1 (63)2 n-1 + ....... + 2 n+1 C2n ù + 1
ë û
= 18C15 = 18C3 = 63 × some integral value + 2
34. (a) Statement 2 : Hence, when divided by 9 leaves 2 as the remainder.
P ( n ) : n 7 - n is divisible by 7 37. (b) From statement 2:
Put n = 1, 1 – 1 = 0 is divisible by 7, which is true n n n
å (r + 1) nCr x r = å r. Cr x + å Cr x
n r n r
Let n = k, P (k) : k7 – k is divisible by 7, true
r =0 r =0 r =0
Put n = k + 1
n
n
=år× r
n –1
\ P (k + 1) : (k + 1) – ( k + 1) is div. by 7
7 Cr –1 x r + (1 + x)n
r =1
P(k + 1) : k7 + 7C1k6 + 7C2k2 +......+ 7C6k + 1 – k – 1, is div.
n
= nx å
by 7. n –1
Cr –1 x r –1 + (1 + x )n
P(k + 1) : (k7 – k) + (7C1k6 + 7C2k5 +........+ 7C6k) is div. by r =1
7. = nx (1+ x) n–1 + (1+ x) n = RHS
Since 7 is coprime with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. \ Statement 2 is correct.
Putting x = 1, we get
So 7 C1 , 7 C 2 , ......7 C 6 are all divisible by 7
n
\ P(k + 1) is divisible by 7
å (r + 1)n Cr = n × 2n –1 + 2n = (n + 2) × 2n –1.
Hence P(n) : n7 – n is divisible by 7 r =0
Statement 1 : n - n is divisible by 7
7 \ Statement 1 is also true and statement 2 is a correct
explanation for statement 1.
Þ ( n + 1) 7 - ( n + 1) is divisible by 7 38. (b) Tr + 1 = (–1)r. nCr (a)n – r. (b)r is an expansion
of (a – b)n
Þ ( n + 1) 7 - n7 - 1 + ( n7 - n) is divisible by 7 \ 5th term = t5 = t4+1
= (–1)4. nC4 (a)n–4.(b)4 = nC4 . an–4 . b4
Þ ( n + 1) 7 - n7 - 1 is divisible by 7 6th term = t6 = t5+1 = (–1)5 nC5 (a)n–5 (b)5
Hence both Statements 1 and 2 are correct and Statement Given t5 + t6 = 0
2 is the correct explanation of Statement -1. \ nC4 . an–4 . b4 + (– nC5 . an–5 . b5) = 0
35. (b) (1 – x – x2 + x3)6 = [(1– x) – x2 (1 – x)]6 n! an n! a n b5
Þ . .b4 - . =0
= (1– x)6 (1 – x2)6 4!(n - 4)! a 4 5!(n - 5)! a5
= (1 – 6x + 15x2 – 20x3 + 15x4 – 6x5 + x6) × (1 – 6x2 + 15x4
n !.a n b4é 1 b ù
– 20x6 + 15x8 – 6x10 + x12) Þ ê - ú = 0 [Q a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0]
7
Coefficient of x = (– 6) (– 20) + (– 20)(15) + (– 6) (–6) 4!( n - 5)!.a 4 ë (n - 4) 5.a û
= – 144 1 b a n-4
Þ - =0 Þ =
n - 4 5a b 5

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39. (d) (1 - y ) m (1 + y ) n 42. (c) Tr +1 = 256

Cr ( 3)256 - r (8 5)r
= [1 - m C1 y + m C2 y 2 - ......] [1 + n C1 y + n C 2 y 2 + .....] 256 - r

256 2 (5) r / 8
= Cr (3)
ì m(m - 1) n(n - 1) ü
= 1 + (n - m) y + í + - mn ý y2 + .....
î 2 2 þ Terms will be integral if 256 - r & r both are +ve integer..
2 8
\ a1 = n - m = 10 ...(i)
It is possible if r is an integral multiple of 8 and 0 £ r £ 256
m2 + n2 - m - n - 2mn \ r = 33
and a2 = = 10
2 43. (c) tr + 2 = 2nCr + 1 xr + 1;t3r = 2nC3r – 1 x3r – 1
(m - n) 2 - (m + n) = 20 Given that, 2nCr + 1 = 2nC3r – 1 ;

Þ r + 1 + 3r – 1 = 2n
Þ m + n = 80 ...(ii) [from (i)]
Þ 2n = 4r Þ n = 2r
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
\ m = 35, n = 45 44. (a) We know that tp + 1 = p + qCp xp and
tq + 1 = p+qC xq
40. (d) Tr +1 in the expansion q
Q p + qC = p + qC .[ Remember nC = nC
p q r n–r ]
11 r
é 2 1 ù 11 2 11 - r æ 1ö
ê ax + bx ú = Cr (ax ) çè ÷ø r
ë û æ kö
bx 45. (c) General term = Tr +1 =
10
Cr ( x )10- r × ç - 2 ÷
è x ø
= 11 Cr (a)11 - r (b) - r ( x)22 - 2r - r 10 - r
- 2r
For the Coefficient of x7, we have = 10
Cr ( - k ) r × x 2
22 – 3r = 7 Þ r = 5
10 - 5 r
\ Coefficient of x 7 = 10
Cr ( - k ) r × x 2
= 11C5 (a)6 (b)- 5 ...(i) Since, it is constant term, then

10 - 5r
Again T r + 1 in the expansion =0Þr =2
2
11 r
é 1 ù æ 1 ö \10C2 (- k )2 = 405
ê ax - 2 ú = 11Cr (ax 2 )11 - r ç -
ë bx û è bx 2 ÷ø
405 ´ 2 81
Þ k2 = = =9
11 11- r
(-1) ´ (b) ( x) r -r - 2 r +11- r 10 ´ 9 9
= Cr (a)
For the Coefficient of x–7, we have \| k | = 3
Now 11 – 3r = – 7 Þ 3r = 18 Þ r = 6 46. (a) Consider the three consecutive coefficients of
-7
\ Coefficient of x (1 + x) n+ 5 be n+ 5
Cr , n+ 5
Cr +1 , n+ 5
Cr + 2
11 5 -6
= C6 a ´ 1 ´ (b) ...(ii) n +5
Cr 1
Q Coefficient of x7 = Coefficient of x–7 Q n+ 5 = (Given)
From (i) and (ii), Cr +1 2
\ 11 C5 (a)6 (b) - 5 = 11C6 a5 ´ (b) - 6 r +1 1
Þ = Þ 3r = n + 3 ...(i)
Þ ab = 1. n+ 5- r 2
41. (b) Coeff. of xn in ( 1+x) (1 – x)n
n +5
= coeff of xn in Cr +1 5
and n+ 5
=
n n 2 nn n
(1 + x )(1 - C1 x + C2 x - .... + (-1) Cn x ) Cr + 2 7
= (-1) nn Cn + ( -1) n -1n Cn -1 r+2 5

Þ = Þ 12r = 5n + 6 ...(ii)
= (-1) n + ( -1) n -1.n n+4-r 7
Solving (i) and (ii) we get r = 4 and n = 6
= ( -1)n (1 - n) \ Largest coefficient in the expansion is 11C6 = 462.

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n
50. (118)
æ 1 1ö
According to the question,
47. (c) Here, ç 3 2 + 5 8 ÷
è ø n
Cr -1 : nCr : n Cr +1 = 2 : 5 :12
n- r n
r
Þ
Cr
=
5 n - r +1 5
Tr +1 = Cr
n
(3) 2 (5) 8 n Þ =
Cr -1 2 r 2
n-r r Þ 2n - 7r + 2 = 0 ...(i)
Q and are integer
2 8 n
Cr +1 12 n - r 12
So, r must be 0, 8, 16, 24 ...... = Þ =
n
Cr 5 r +1 5
Now n = t33 = a + (n - 1)d = 0 + 32 ´ 8 = 256
Þ 5n - 17r - 12 = 0 ...(ii)
Þ n = 256
Solving eqns. (i) and (ii),

9- r n = 118, r = 34
æ 3x2 ö æ 1ö
r
(c) General term = Tr +1 = Cr ç çè - ÷ø

9 51. (b) General term of the given expansion
48. ÷
è 2 ø 3x 16- r r
æ x ö æ 1 ö
Tr +1 =16Cr ç ÷ ç x cos q ÷
æ 3ö
9-r
æ 1 ö 18-3r
r è sin q ø è ø
= 9Cr ç ÷ çè - ÷ø x
è 2ø 3 For r = 8 term is free from ‘x’
1
The term is independent of x, then T9 = 16C8
sin8 q cos8 q
18 - 3r = 0 Þ r = 6
28
æ 3 ö æ 1ö
3
æ 1ö
6 3
T9 = 16C8
\ T7 = C6 ç ÷ ç - ÷ = 9C3 ç ÷
9
(sin 2q)8
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6ø
p p
3 When qÎ éê , ùú , then least value of the term
9 ´ 8 ´ 7 æ 1ö æ 7ö ë8 4û
= ç ÷ = çè ÷ø .
3 ´ 2 ´ 1 è 6ø 18 independent of x,
l 1 = 16C8 28 [Q min. value of l1 at q = p/4]
7
\18k = 18 ´ = 7. é p pù
18 When qÎ ê , ú , th en least value of the term
49. (a) General term of
ë16 8 û
independent of x,
1 -1 1 -1
(ax 9 + bx 6 )10 = 10
Cr (ax 9 )10 - r (bx 6 ) r 28
l2 = 16C8 = 8
= 16C8.28.24
10 - r r æ 1 ö
- ç ÷
= 10
Cr a10 - r b r ( x ) 9 6 è 2ø
[Q min. value of l2 at q = p/8]
10 - r r
Term independent of x if - = 0 Þ r = 4. 16
9 6 l C8 .28.24
Now, l = = 16
2
16
\ Term independent of x = 10
C4 a 6b4 1 C8.28
52. (d) Let the general term of the expansion
Since a 3 + b2 = 4
60- r r
Then, by AM-GM inequality æ 1ö æ 1ö
ç -310 ÷
60
Tr+1 = Cr ç 7 5 ÷
1 è ø è ø
a 3 + b2
³ ( a 3b 2 ) 2 r r
2 12-
= 60
Cr × (7) 5 ( -1) r × (3)10
Þ (2)2 ³ a3b2 Þ a 6b4 £ 16 Then, for getting rational terms, r should be multiple of
Q The maximum value of the term independent of L.C.M. of (5, 10)
x = 10k Then, r can be 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
\10k = 10
C4 ×16 Þ k = 336. Since, total number of terms = 61
Hence, total irrational terms = 61 – 7 = 54

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10 55. (c) Given expression can be written as

æ 1 ö 0
ç 23 + 1 ÷ æ 1 ö æ 1 ö 10 é 1/3 3 3 ù
10
ê ( x ) +1 ( x )2 - 12 ú
10
ç 1÷ = C0ç 2 3
÷ ç +
è 2(3)1/ 3 ÷ø
53. (c)
çè ÷ è ø ê 2/3 1/3 -
2(3) ø x ( x - 1) úû
3
ë x - x +1
10
æ 1ö æ 1 ö0 10 10
10
L + C10 ç 2 3 ÷ ç æ æ x +1 ö ö æ 1 ö
1/ 3 ÷ = ç ( x1/3 + 1) - çç = ç x1/ 3 + 1 - 1 -
è ø è 2(3) ø ÷÷ ÷
ç
è è x ÷ø ÷ø è xø
6
æ 1ö 1 = (x1/3 – x–1/2)10
ç 23 ÷
1 4 General term = Tr+1
5th term from beginning T5 =10C4 è ø æ 3 ö
ç 2.3 ÷ 10 - r
è ø -r
10 3 · ( -1) r · x 2
= 10Cr (x1/3)10–r(–x–1/2)r = Cr x
6
æ 1ö æ ö
4
1 ÷
and 5th term from end T11–5+1 =
10
C6 ç 23 ç ÷
ø èç 3 ø÷
1
è 10- r - r
2.3
= 10 Cr ( -1) r · x 3 2
4 6
6æ ö æ 1ö æ ö
4
æ 1ö
10 ç 1 ÷ : 10C ç 2 3 ÷ ç 1 ÷ 10 - r r
T5 : T7 = C4 ç 2 ÷
3
\ ç 1÷ Term will be independent of x when - =0
è ø èç 3 ø÷
6 1
è ø è 2.33 ø 3 2
2.3
2 Þ r=4
æ 1ö æ 1 ö
2
So, required term = T5 = 10C4 = 210
ç ÷
= ç ÷ : ç 1÷
2 3
è ø è 3ø 56. (d) Tr+1 = 15Cr(x2)15–r . (2x–1)r = 15Cr × (2)r × x30–3r
2.3
2 2
For independent term, 30 – 3r = 0 Þ r = 10
2 2 1 Hence the term independent of x,
= 2 × 2 × 3 = 4(6) 3 :1 = 4.(36) 3 :1
3 3
1 T11 = 15C10 × (2)10

8 For term involve x15, 30 – 3r = 15 Þ r = 5
æ 2 1ö
54. (c) General term of ç 2x - ÷ is Hence coefficient of x15 = 15C5 × (2)5
è xø
r 15 !
æ -1 ö
Cr (2x 2 )8- r ç ÷
8 15
C5 ´ (2)5 10 ! 5 !
è x ø Required ratio = =
\ Given expression is equal to
15
C10 ´ (2)10 15 !
´ (2)5
r 5 !10 !
æ 1 5ö 8 2 8- r æ 1 ö
çè1 - + 3x ÷ø Cr (2x ) çè - ÷ø = 1 : 32
x x
57. (d) Given expansion can be written as
r r
æ 1ö 1 æ 1ö
=
8
Cr (2x 2 )8- r ç - ÷ - 8Cr (2x 2 )8-r ç - ÷ n
è xø x è xø æ x -1 ö n
ç x ÷ .(1 - x ) = (–1) x (1 – x)
n –n 2n
r è ø
æ 1ö
+3x 5 . 8 Cr (2x 2 )8- r ç - ÷ Total number of terms will be 2n + 1 which is odd (Q
è xø 2n is always even)
= 8
Cr 28- r (-1)r x16 -3r – 8 C r 28- r ( -1)r x15-3r 2n + 1 + 1
r
\ Middle term = = (n + 1) th
æ 1ö 2
+3. 8Cr 2(8- r) ç - ÷ (-1)r x 21-3r
è xø Now, Tr +1 = nCr (1)r x n - r
For the term independent of x, we should have
16 – 3r = 0, 15 – 3r = 0, 21 – 3r = 0 2n
Cn × x 2 n - n
From the simplification we get r = 5 and r = 7 So, n n
= 2 n Cn .( -1)n
\ – 8C5 (23) (–1)5 – 3. 8C7.2 x .( -1)
Middle term is an odd term. So, n + 1 will be odd.
é 8! ù é 8! ù
+ê ´ 8ú - 3 ´ ê ´ 2ú So, n will be even.
ë 5!3! û ë 7!1! û \ Required answer is 2nCn.
= (56 × 8) – 48
= 448 – 6 × 8 = 448 – 48 = 400

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58. (c) The middle term in the expansion of 6 6

1 æ 2 3 ö x8 æ 3 ö
(1 + ax) 4 = T3 =4 C2 (ax )2 = 6a 2 x 2 = ç 2x - 2 ÷ - ç 2x2 - 2 ÷
60 è x ø 81 è x ø
The middle term in the expansion of
Term independent of x,
(1 - ax)6 = T4 =6 C3 ( -ax )3 = -20a 3 x3 6
1 æ 2 3 ö 1
According to the question 2x - 2 ÷ - .
60 çè
= Coefficient of x in
x ø 81
3
6a 2 = -20a 3 Þ a = - 6
10 æ 2 3 ö
coefficient of x–8 in ç 2x - 2 ÷
20 è x ø
59. (a) The given series, å 50- r C6 -1 6 1 6
r=0
= C3 (2)3 (3)3 + C (2) (3)5
60 81 5
= 50C6 + 49C6 + 48C6 + 47 C6 + ... + 32C6 + 31C6 + 30C6

= – 72 + 36 = – 36
= (30 C7 + 30C6 ) + 31C6 + 32C6 + .... + 49C6 + 50C6 - 30C7 63. (b) Given, 20C1+ 22.20C2 + 32.20C3 + ... + 202.20C20
= A(2b)
= (31 C7 + 31C6 ) + 32C6 + .... + 49C6 + 50C6 - 30C7
Taking L.H.S.,
= (32 C7 + 32C6 ) + .... + 49C6 + 50C6 - 30C7 20 20
................................................................. = å r 2 . 20 Cr = 20 å r. Cr -1
19
................................................................. r =1 r =1
.................................................................
é 20 20 ù
= 51C7 - 30C7 20
= ê ê å ( r - 1) 19
C r -1 + å 19
C r -1 ú
úû
ër = 1 r =1
10! b+ 2 g
60. (615) General term of the expansion = x
a !b!g ! é 20 ù
= 20 êê19 å Cr - 2 + 2 úú = 20[19 . 218 + 219]
18 19
For coefficient of x4; b + 2g = 4
ë r=2 û
Here, three cases arise
Case-1 : When g = 0, b = 4, a = 6 = 420 × 218
10! b+ 2 g Now, compare it with R.H.S., A = 420 and b = 18

Þ x
a !b! g ! 64. (a) Given expression,
Case-2 : When g = 1, b = 2, a = 7 (1 – x)10 (1 + x + x2)9 (1 + x) = (1 – x3)9 (1 – x2)
= (1 – x3)9 – x2(1 – x3)9
10!
Þ = 360 Þ Coefficient of x18 in (1 – x3)9 – coeff. of x16 in (1 – x3)9
7! 2!1!
9 9! 7 ´ 8 ´ 9
Case-3 : When g = 2, b = 0, a = 8 = C6 - 0 = = = 84
6!3! 6
10! (c) Given expression is (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 3x)15
Þ = 45 65.
8!0! 2! Co-efficient of x2 = 0
Hence, total = 615 Þ 15C2 (– 3)2 + a . 15C1(– 3) + b . 15C0 = 0
61. (30) Let (1– x + x2 ..... x2n) (1 + x + x2 ..... x2n)
15 ´14
= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ..... Þ ´ 9 - 15 ´ 3a + b = 0
put x = 1 2
1(2n + 1) = a0 + a1 + a2 + ..... a2n ...(i) Þ 945 – 45a + b = 0 ...(i)
put x = – 1 Now, co-efficient of x3 = 0
(2n + 1) × 1 = a0 – a1 + a2 + ...... a2n ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get, Þ 15C3 (– 3)3 + a . 15C2(– 3)2 + b .15C1 (– 3) = 0
4n + 2 = 2(a0 + a2 + .....) = 2 × 61 15 ´14 ´13 15 ´14 ´ 9
Þ 2n + 1 = 61 Þ n = 30. Þ ´ (-3 ´ 3 ´ 3) + a ´ – b × 3 × 15 = 0
3´ 2 2
62. (d) Given expression is, Þ 15 × 3 [– 3 × 7 × 13 + a × 7 × 3 – b] = 0
æ 1 x8 ö æ 2 3 ö6 Þ 21a – b = 273 ...(ii)
ç - ÷ ç 2x - 2 ÷
ç 60 81 ÷ è x ø
From (i) and (ii), we get,
è ø
a = 28, b = 315 Þ (a, b) º (28, 31,5)

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M-88 Mathematics
66. (b) 2.20C0 + 5.20C1 + 8.20C2 + ...... + 62.20C20 3× 4×5 3 3× 4×5×6 4 ö

+ t + t + K ฀÷
20 20 20 3! 4! ø
= å (3r + 2) 20Cr = 3 å r. Cr + 2 å Cr
20 20
3× 4 × 5 × 6
r =0 r =0 r =0
Hence, the coefficient of t4 = 1 ×
4!
20 20
= 60å Cn -1 + 2 å Cr
19 20
3´ 4´ 5´ 6
r =1 r=0 = = 15
4 ´ 3 ´ 2 ´1
= 60 × 219 + 2 × 220 = 221 [15 + 1] = 225 71. (a) We have ( C1 + 21C2 ...... + 21C10)
21
æn ö
th – (10C1 + 10C2 ..... 10C10)
67. (a) Middle Term, ç + 1÷ term in the binomial
è2 ø 1 21
= [( C1 + .... + 21C10 ) + (21C11 + .... 21C20)] – (210 – 1)
8 2
æ x3 3 ö 10C + 10C +
expansion of ç + ÷ is, (Q 1 2 .... + 10C10 = 210 – 1)
è 3 xø
1 21
= [2 - 2] - (210 - 1)
æx 3ö4 4 2
8 æ 3ö
T4 + 1 = C4 ç ÷ çè ÷ø = 5670 = (220 – 1) – (210 – 1) = 220 – 210
è ø x
3
72. (b) Total number of terms = n+2C2 = 28
8 ´ 7 ´ 6 ´ 5 12- 4
Þ ´x = 5670 (n + 2) (n + 1) = 56; n = 6
4´3´2
6
Þ x8 = 81 æ 2 4 ö
\ Put x = 1 in expansion ç 1 - + 2 ÷ ,
Þ x8 – 81 = 0 è x x ø
\ sum of all values of x = sum of roots of equation (x8 – 81 =
we get sum of coefficient = (1 – 2 + 4)6
0).
= 36 = 729.
68. (b) Consider the expression
73. (c) We know that (a + b)n + (a – b)n
r – 1 C1 + Cr – 2 C2 + ... + C0 × Cr
20C 20C + 20C 20 20 20 20 20
r 0
For maximum value of above expression r should be = 2[n C0 a n b0 + n C2 a n - 2b 2 + n C4 a n -4b 4 ...]
equal to 20.
as 20C20 × 20C0 + 20C19 × 20C1 + ... + 20C20 × 20C0
(1 - 2 x)
50
+ (1 + 2 x )
50
= (20C0)2 + (20C1)2 + ... + (20C20)2 = 40C20.

2 éë 50 C0 + 50C2 (2 x )2 + 50C4 (2 x ) 4 ...ùû
Which is the maximum value of the expression,
So, r = 20.
= 2 éë 50 C0 + 50C2 22 x + 50
C4 24 x 2 + ...ùû
25 25
æ 50 - r ö
å ( 50Cr ×50-r C25- r ) = å èç 50 - r
50 Putting x = 1, we get,
r 25 25 - r ø÷
69. (d)
r =0 r =0
350 + 1
50
C0 + 50C2 22 + 50C4 24... =
25 æ 50 1 æ 25 ö ö 2
= å ç 25 ´ 25 ´ èç 25 - r r ø÷ ÷
r =0 è ø 74. (b) Given expansion (1 + x n + x 253 )10
25 Let x1012 = (1)a (xn)b. (x253)c
= C25 å Cr = Here a, b, c, n are all +ve integers and a £ 10,
50 25 50 25
C25 (2 )
r =0 b £ 10, c £ 4, n £ 22, a + b + c = 10
Then, by comparison, K = 225 Now bn + 253c = 1012
70. (b) Consider the expression Þ bn = 253 (4 – c)
3 For c < 4 and n £ 22; b > 10, which is not possible.
æ 1 - t6 ö
ç 1 - t ÷ = (1 – t6)3(1 – t)–3 \ c = 4, b = 0, a =6
è ø
\ x1012 = (1)6. (xn)0 . (x253)4
æ 3× 4 2 10!
= (1 – 3t6 + 3t12 – t18) çè 1 + 3t + t Hence the coefficient of x1012 = = 10C
2! 6!0!4! 4

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10 10
éæ 3 1 ö ù
75. (b) S2 = å j 10
C j = å 10 9C j -1
2 2 x 2 ÷ - çæ1 + 3 x + 3.2 x ÷ö ú
-1 êç 3 . 2
j =1 j =1 = (1 - x ) 2 êç 1 + x + ÷ ç ú
ëêè 2 2! ø è 2 2! 4 ø÷ ûú
é n n n -1 ù
êëQ Cr = r Cr -1 ú
û é 1 3 ù
ê x .
= ê1 + + 2 2 x 2 ú é -3 x 2 ù = -3 x 2
= 10 é 9 C0 + 9C1 + 9 C2 + .... + 9 C9 ù = 10.29 ú
ë û ë 2 2! û êë 8 ú 8
û
76. (a) The given situation in statement 1 is equivalent to
find the non negative integral solutions of the equation n(n - 1)(n - 2).........( n - r + 1) r
79. (d) Tr +1 = ( x)
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 6 r!
which is coeff. of x6 in the expansion of For first negative term,
(1 + x + x2 + x3 + .....¥)5= coeff. of x6 in (1– x)–5 n - r +1 < 0 Þ r > n +1

5.6 2
= coeff. of x6 in 1 + 5x + x .......... 32 æ 27 ö
2! Þr > \ r = 7 . çèQ n = 5 ÷ø
5
5 × 6 × 7 × 8 × 9 ×10 10! 10
= = = C6 Therefore, first negative term is T8 .
6! 6!4!
\ Statement 1 is wrong. æ 1ö
n
80. (d) (1 + 0.0001)10000 = ç1 + ÷ , n = 10000
Number of ways of arranging 6A’s and 4B’s in a row è nø
10! 10
= = C 6 which is same as the number of ways the 1 n ( n - 1) 1 n ( n - 1)( n - 2) 1 1
6!4! = 1 + n. + + + ... + n
n 2! n 2 3! n3 n
child can buy six icecreams.
\ Statement 2 is true. 1 æ 1 ö 1 æ 1 öæ 2 ö 1
=1+1 + 1- + 1- 1 - ÷ + ... + n
77. (d) We know that, (1 + x)20 = 20C0 + 20C1x + 20C2 x2 2! çè n ÷ø 3! çè n ÷ç
øè n ø n
20C x10 + ..... 20C x20
+ ......
10 20
1 1 1 1
Put x = –1, (0) = 20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + ...... < 1+ + + + ........+
1! 2! 3! (9999)!
+ 20C10 – 20C11 .... + 20C20
1 1
Þ 0 = 2[20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 =1+ + + .......¥ = e < 3
1! 2!
+ ..... – 20C9] + 20C10 81. (c) Take a = 1 and b = 1 in (a + b)n ×
Þ 20C = 2[20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 2n = 4096 = 212 Þ n = 12;
10
+ ...... – 20C9 + 20C10] The greatest coeff = coeff of middle term.
Þ 20C – 20C + 20C – 20C + .... + 20C So middle term = t7.
0 1 2 3 10
Þ t7 = t6 + 1 = 12C6a6b6
1 20 12!
= C10 Þ Coeff of t7 = 12C6 = = 924.
2 6!6!
78. (c) Q x3 and higher powers of x may be neglected
3 3
(1 + x) 2 - æçè1 +
xö
÷
2ø
\
(1-
1
x2 )

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M-90 Mathematics
9
Sequences and Series
7. If the sum of first 11 terms of an A.P., a1 , a2 , a3 , ... is 0

TOPIC Ć Arithmetic Progression
(a1 ¹ 0), then the sum of the A.P., a1 , a3 , a5 , ..., a23 is
1. The common difference of the A.P. b1, b2, ..., bm is 2 more ka1, where k is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
than the common difference of A.P. a 1, a 2, ..., a n. If
121 121 72 72
a40 = – 159, a100 = – 399 and b100 = a70, then b1 is equal to: (a) - (b) (c) (d) -
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] 10 10 5 5
(a) 81 (b) – 127 (c) – 81 (d) 127 8. The number of terms common to the two A.P.’s 3, 7, 11, ...,
2. If 3 2sin2a–1 , 14 and 3 4–2sin2a are the first three terms of an 407 and 2, 9, 16, ..., 709 is _____. [NA Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
A.P. for some a, then the sixth term of this A.P is:
1 1
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] 9. If the 10th term of an A.P. is and its 20th term is ,
20 10
(a) 66 (b) 81 (c) 65 (d) 78
then the sum of its first 200 terms is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
3. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series
log (71/ 2 ) x + log (71/ 3 ) x + log (71/ 4 ) x + ... is 460, then x is 1 1
(a) 50 (b) 50 (c) 100 (d) 100
4 2
equal to : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
10. Let f : R ® R be such that for all x Î R, (21+x + 21–x), f (x)
(a) 72 (b) 71/2 (c) e 2 (d) 746/21
and (3x + 3–x) are in A.P., then the minimum value of f (x) is:
4. Let a1 , a2 ,....., an be a given A.P. whose common [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
difference is an integer and Sn = a1 + a2 + .... + an . If (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 4
11. Five numbers are in A.P., whose sum is 25 and product is
a1 = 1, an = 300 and 15 £ n £ 50, then the ordered pair
1
( Sn - 4 , an - 4 ) is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] 2520. If one of these five numbers is - , then the greatest
2
(a) (2490, 249) (b) (2480, 249) number amongst them is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(c) (2480, 248) (d) (2490, 248)
5. If the first term of an A.P. is 3 and the sum of its first 25 21
(a) 27 (b) 7 (c) (d) 16
terms is equal to the sum of its next 15 terms, then the 2
common difference of this A.P. is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] 12. Let Sn denote the sum of the first n terms of an A.P. If S4 = 16
1 1 1 1 and S6 = –48, then S10 is equal to : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) –260 (b) –410 (c) –320 (d) –380
6 5 4 7
6. In the sum of the series 13. If a1, a2, a3, …… are in A.P. such that a1 + a7 + a16 = 40,
then the sum of the first 15 terms of this A.P. is :
3 1 4
20 + 19 + 19 + 18 + ... upto nth term is 488 and then [April 12, 2019 (II)]
5 5 5
(a) 200 (b) 280 (c) 120 (d) 150
nth term is negative, then : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
(a) n = 60 (b) nth term is –4 14. If a1, a2, a3, ..... an are in A.P. and a1 + a4 + a7 + ….+ a16 = 114,
then a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
2
(c) n = 41 (d) nth term is -4 (a) 98 (b) 76 (c) 38 (d) 64
5

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Sequences and Series M-91
15. Let the sum of the first n terms of a non-constant A.P.,

1 1 1
24. If x1 , x2, ....., xn and , 2 ,..... are two A.P's such that
n(n - 7) h1 h hn
a1, a2, a3, ………….. be 50n + A, where A is a
2 x3 = h2 = 8 and x8 = h7 = 20, then x5. h10 equals.
constant. If d is the common difference of this A.P., then [Online April 15, 2018]
the ordered pair (d, a50) is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
(a) 2560 (b) 2650 (c) 3200 (d) 1600
(a) (50, 50 + 46A) (b) (50, 50 + 45A)
(c) (A, 50 + 45A) (d) (A, 50 + 46A) 25. Let a1,a 2 ,a 3 ,..., a 49 be in A.P. such that
10 12
16. Let å f (a + k) = 16(210 - 1) , where the function f satisfies å a 4k +1 = 416 and a 9 + a 43 = 66. If
k =1 k =0
f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all natural numbers x, y and f(a) = 2. a12 + a 22 + ... + a17
2
= 140m , then m is equal to : [2018]
Then the natural number ‘a’ is:

[ April 09, 2019 (I)] (a) 68 (b) 34 (c) 33 (d) 66
(a) 2 (b) 16 (c) 4 (d) 3 26. For any three positive real numbers a, b and c,
17. If the sum and product of the first three terms in an A.P. 9(25a2 + b2) + 25(c2 – 3ac) = 15b(3a + c). Then :
are 33 and 1155, respectively, then a value of its 11th term [2017]
is: [April 09, 2019 (II)] (a) a, b and c are in G.P.
(a) –35 (b) 25 (c) –36 (d) –25 (b) b, c and a are in G.P.
18. The sum of all natural numbers ‘n’ such that 100 < n < 200 (c) b, c and a are in A.P.
and H.C.F. (91, n) > 1 is : [April 08, 2019 (I)] (d) a, b and c are in A.P.
(a) 3203 (b) 3303 (c) 3221 (d) 3121 27. If three positive numbers a, b and c are in A.P. such that
19. If nC4, nC5 and nC6 are in A.P., then n can be : abc = 8, then the minimum possible value of b is :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] [Online April 9, 2017]
(a) 9 (b) 14 (c) 11 (d) 12 (a) 2 (b) 4 3
1
(c) 4 3
2
(d) 4
20. If 19th term of a non-ero A.P. is ero, then its (49th term) :
(29th term) is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 28. Let a1, a2, a3, ...., an, be in A.P. If a3 + a7 + a11 + a15 = 72,
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1 then the sum of its first 17 terms is equal to :
21. The sum of all two digit positive numbers which when [Online April 10, 2016]
divided by 7 yield 2 or 5 as remainder is: (a) 306 (b) 204 (c) 153 (d) 612
[Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] 29. Let a and b be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0, p ¹ 0.
(a) 1256 (b) 1465 (c) 1365 (d) 1356 1 1
If p, q, r are in A.P and + = 4, then the value of | a – b|
30 a b
22. Let a 1 , a 2 , ....., a 30 be an A.P., S = å a i and is: [2014]
i=1
34 2 13 61 2 17
15 (a) (b) (c) (d)
T= å a (2i - 1) . 9 9 9 9
i= 1 30. The sum of the first 20 terms common between the series 3
If a5 = 27 and S – 2T = 75, then a10 is equal to: + 7 + 11 + 15 + ......... and 1 + 6 + 11 + 16 + ......, is
[Jan. 09, 2019 (I)] [Online April 11, 2014]
(a) 52 (b) 57 (c) 47 (d) 42 (a) 4000 (b) 4020 (c) 4200 (d) 4220
1 1 1 31. Given an A.P. whose terms are all positive integers. The
23. Let , , ,....., (xi ¹ 0 for i = 1, 2, ...., n) be in A.P.. sum of its first nine terms is greater than 200 and less than
x1 x2 x3
220. If the second term in it is 12, then its 4th term is:
such that x1 = 4 and x21 = 20. If n is the least positive
n
æ1ö
integer for which xn > 50, then åç x ÷ is equal to.
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 20 (d) 24
i =1 è i ø 32. If a1, a2, a3,...., an, .... are in A.P. such that a4 – a7 + a10 = m,
[Online April 16, 2018] then the sum of first 13 terms of this A.P., is :
13 13 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) (a) 10 m (b) 12 m (c) 13 m (d) 15 m
8 4 8

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M-92 Mathematics
33. Given sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is 2n + 3n2. Another (a) 34 minutes (b) 125 minutes
A.P. is formed with the same first term and double of the (c) 135 minutes (d) 24 minutes
common difference, the sum of n terms of the new A.P. is :
41. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ............ be terms on A.P. If
(a) n + 4n2 (b) 6n2 – n (c) n2 + 4n (d) 3n + 2n2 a1 + a2 + ...........a p p2 a6
= , p ¹ q , then equals
34. Let a1, a2, a3,... be an A.P, such that a1 + a2 + ........... + aq q2 a21
a1 + a2 + ... + a p p3 [2006]
= ; p ¹ q . Then a6 is equal to:
a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + aq q3 a21 41 7 2 11
(a) (b) (c) (d)
[Online April 9, 2013] 11 2 7 41
42. If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th, and (r + 2)th terms in the
41 31 11 121
(a) (b) (c) (d)
11 121 41 1861 the binomial expansion of (1 + y )m are in A.P., then m and

35. If 100 times the 100th term of an AP with non ero common r satisfy the equation [2005]
difference equals the 50 times its 50th term, then the 150th 2
(a) m 2 – m (4r – 1) + 4 r – 2 = 0
term of this AP is : [2012]
2
(a) – 150 th
(b) 150 times its 50 term (b) m 2 – m (4r + 1) + 4 r + 2 = 0
(c) 150 (d) Zero
(c) m2 – m (4r + 1) + 4 r 2 – 2 = 0
36. If the A.M. between pth and qth terms of an A.P. is equal
2 2
to the A.M. between rth and sth terms of the same A.P., (d) m – m (4r – 1) + 4 r + 2 = 0
then p + q is equal to [Online May 26, 2012] 43. Let Tr be the rth term of an A.P. whose first term is a and
(a) r + s – 1 (b) r + s – 2 (c) r + s + 1 (d) r + s common difference is d. If for some positive integers
37. Suppose q and f (¹ 0) are such that sec (q + f), sec q and 1 1
m, n, m ¹ n, Tm = and Tn = , then a – d equals
æ fö n m
sec (q – f) are in A.P. If cos q = k cos ç ÷ for some k, then
è 2ø [2004]
k is equal to [Online May 19, 2012] 1 1 1
(a) + (b) 1 (c) (d) 0
m n mn
1
(a) ± 2 (b) ± 1 (c) ± (d) ± 2 44. If 1, log9 (31–x + 2), log3 (4.3x – 1) are in A.P. then x equals
2
[2002]
100 (a) log3 4 (b) 1 – log3 4
38. Let an be the n th term of an A.P. If å a2r = a and (c) 1 – log4 3 (d) log4 3
r=1
100
TOPIC n Geometric Progression
å a2r –1 = β, then the common difference of the A.P. is
r=1
[2011] ¥
a -b α–β
45. If f (x + y) = f (x) f (y) and å f ( x) = 2 , x, y Î N, where N is
(a) a - b (b) (c) b - a (d) x =1
100 200
f (4)
39. A man saves ` 200 in each of the first three months of his the set of all natural numbers, then the value of is :
f (2)
service. In each of the subsequent months his saving
increases by ` 40 more than the saving of immediately [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
previous month. His total saving from the start of service 2 1 1 4
will be ` 11040 after [2011] (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 9 3 9
(a) 19 months (b) 20 months
46. Let a, b, c, d and p be any non ero distinct real numbers
(c) 21 months (d) 18 months such that (a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2 (ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 +
40. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an denote d2) = 0. Then : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
the number of notes he counts in the nth minute. If a1 = a2
(a) a, c, p are in A.P. (b) a, c, p are in G.P.
= ... = a10 = 150 and a10, a11, ... are in an AP with common
difference –2, then the time taken by him to count all notes (c) a, b, c, d are in G.P. (d) a, b, c, d are in A.P.
is [2010]

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47. Suppose that a function f : R®R satisfies f (x + y) = f(x)f(y)

x10 - x + 45a( x - 1)
n S= , then k is equal to :
x -1
for all x, y Î R and f (a) = 3. If å f (i) = 363 , then n is
i =1 [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
equal to ______. [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] (a) – 5 (b) 1 (c) – 3 (d) 3
48. If 210 + 29×31 + 28×32 + . . . . + 2×39 + 310 = S – 211 then S is 1 1 1 1
equal to: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] 55. The product 2 4 . 416 . 8 48 . 16128 ... to ¥ is equal to:
(a) 311 – 212 (b) 311 [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
1 1
311 10
(c) +2 (d) 2×311 (a) 2 2 (b) 24(c) 1 (d) 2
2 56. Let an be the nth term of a G.P. of positive terms.
49. If the sum of the second, third and fourth terms of a positive
100 100 200
term G.P. is 3 and the sum of its sixth, seventh and eighth
terms is 243, then the sum of the first 50 terms of this G.P. is:
If å a2n+1 = 200 and å a2n = 100, then å an is equal
n =1 n =1 n =1
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] to : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
1 49 1 50 (a) 300 (b) 225 (c) 175 (d) 150
(a) (3 - 1) (b) (3 - 1)
26 26 ¥ ¥
p
If x = å (-1) tan2n q and y = å cos q, for 0 < q <
n 2n
57. ,
2 50 1 50 n= 0 n=0 4
(c) (3 - 1) (d) (3 - 1)
13 13 then : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(a) x(1 + y) = 1 (b) y(1 – x) = 1
50. Let a and b be the roots of x2 - 3x + p = 0 and g and d be
(c) y(1 + x) = 1 (d) x(1 – y) = 1
the roots of x2 - 6 x + q = 0. If a, b, g, d form a geometric 58. The greatest positive integer k, for which 49k + 1 is a
progression. Then ratio (2q + p) : (2q – p) is : factor of the sum 49125 + 49124 + ... + 492 + 49 + l, is:
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 9 : 7 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 33 : 31 (a) 32 (b) 63 (c) 60 (d) 65
59. Let a1, a2, a3, ... be a G. P. such that a1 < 0, a1 + a2 = 4 and
æ1 1 1 ö 9
Th e value of (0.16) log 2.5 ç + 2 + 3 + ... to ¥ ÷ is
51.
è 3 3 3 ø a3 + a4 = 16. If å ai = 4l, then l is equal to:
i =1
equal to _________ . [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
52. The sum of the first three terms of a G.P. is S and their
product is 27. Then all such S lie in : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 511
(a) –513 (b) –171 (c) 171 (d)
(a) (-¥, - 9] È [3, ¥) (b) [-3, ¥)
3
60. The coefficient of x7 in the expression
(c) (-¥, - 3] È [9, ¥) (d) (-¥, 9]
(1 + x)10 + x(l + x)9 + x2(l + x)8 + ... + x10 is:
53. If | x |< 1, | y |< 1 and x ¹ y, then the sum to infinity of the [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
following series [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] (a) 210 (b) 330 (c) 120 (d) 420
( x + y ) + ( x + xy + y ) + ( x + x y + xy + y ) + .... is :
2 2 3 2 2 3 61. If a, b and g are three consecutive terms of a non-
constant G.P. such that the equations ax 2 + 2bx + g = 0
x + y - xy x + y + xy and x 2 + x – 1 = 0 have a common root, then a (b+ g) is
(a) (b) equal to : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
(1 + x)(1 + y ) (1 + x)(1 + y )
(a) 0 (b) ab (c) ag (d) bg
x + y - xy x + y + xy 62. Let a, b and c be in G.P. with common ratio r, where a ¹ 0
(c) (d)
(1 - x )(1 - y ) (1 - x )(1 - y ) 1
and 0 < r £ . If 3a, 7b and 15c are the first three terms of
54. Let S be the sum of the first 9 terms of the series : 2
an A.P., then the 4th term of this A.P. is :
{x + ka} + {x 2 + (k + 2)a} + {x 3 + (k + 4)a} [April 10, 2019 (II)]
+{x4 + (k + 6)a} + ... where a¹0 and x ¹ 1. If 2

a
7
a
(a) (b) 5 a (c) (d) a
3 3

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M-94 Mathematics
63. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and the equations

a
ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have a common root, consecutive terms of a G.P., then is equal to:
then which one of the following statements is correct? c
[April 08, 2019 (II)] [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
d e f 1 7
, , are in A.P.. (a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 4
(a) (b) d, e, f are in A.P. 2 13
a b c
70. If a, b and c be three distinct real numbers in G.P. and
d e f
(c) d, e, f are in G.P. (d) , , are in G.P.. a + b + c = xb, then x cannot be: [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)]
a b c
(a) – 2 (b) – 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
64. The product of three consecutive terms of a G.P. is 512. If 71. If b is the first term of an infinite G. P whose sum is five,
4 is added to each of the first and the second of these then b lies in the interval. [Online April 15, 2018]
terms, the three terms now form an A.P. Then the sum of
(a) (– ¥, – 10) (b) (10, ¥)
the original three terms of the given G.P. is :

(c) (0, 10) (d) (– 10, 0)
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) 36 (b) 32 (c) 24 (d) 28 2 3 n
æ3ö æ3ö æ 3ö æ 3ö
65. Let a and b be the roots of the quadratic equation 72. Let A n = ç ÷ - ç ÷ + ç ÷ - ... + (-1)n - 1 ç ÷ and
è4ø è4ø è 4ø è 4ø
x2 sinq – x (sinq cosq + 1) + cosq = 0 (0 < q < 45 ), and
Bn = 1 – An. Then, the least odd natural number p, so that
æ Bn > An, for all n ³ p is
¥
( -1)n ö÷ [Online April 15, 2018]
a < b. Then å çç an + bn ÷ø
is equal to : (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 11 (d) 9
n =0 è 73. If a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. such that
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 3
a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of a is
4
1 1 1 1
(a) - (b) + [Online April 15, 2018]
1 - cos q 1 + sin q 1 + cos q 1 - sin q
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 (a) - (b) -
(c) + (d) - 4 3 2 4 4 2
1 - cos q 1 + sin q 1 + cos q 1 - sin q
1 1 1 1
a3 a9 (c) - (d) -
4 4 2 2
Let a1, a2, ..., a10 be a G.P. If a = 25, then a equals :
2
66.
1 5 74. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] G.P., then the common ratio of this G.P. is : [2016]
(a) 54 (b) 4(52) (c) 53 (d) 2(52)
7 8 4
67. The sum of an infinite geometric series with positive terms (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
4 5 3
27
. Then the 75. Let = 1 + ai be a complex number, a > 0, such that 3 is
is 3 and the sum of the cubes of its terms is
19 areal number. Then the sum 1 + + 2 + .... + 11 is equal to:
common ratio of this series is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] (Online April 10, 2016)
1 2 2 4 (a) 1365 3i (b) -1365 3i

(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 9 9 (c) -1250 3i (d) 1250 3i
68. Let Sn = 1 + q + q2 + .... + qn and
76. If m is the A.M. of two distinct real numbers l and n(l, n >
2 n 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric means between l
æ q + 1ö æ q + 1ö æ q + 1ö
Tn = 1 + ç ÷ +ç ÷ + ... + ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø and n, then G14 + 2G 42 + G 34 equals. [2015]
where q is a real number and q ¹ 1. If (a) 4 lmn2 (b) 4 l2m2n2 (c) 4 l2 mn (d) 4 lm2n
101 S100 = aT100, then a is
101C + 101C .S + .... + 101C . 77. The sum of the 3rd and the 4th terms of a G.P. is 60 and
1 2 1
equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] the product of its first three terms is 1000. If the first term
(a) 2 99 (b) 202 (c) 200 (d) 2100 of this G.P. is positive, then its 7th term is :
69. th th th
Let a, b and c be the 7 , 11 and 13 terms respectively [Online April 11, 2015]
of a non-constant A.P. If these are also the three (a) 7290 (b) 640 (c) 2430 (d) 320

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78. Three positive numbers form an increasing G. P. If the middle

term in this G.P. is doubled, the new numbers are in A.P. (a) 5 (b)
1
2
( 5 -1 )
then the common ratio of the G.P. is: [2014]
(a) 2 - 3 (b) 2 + 3 (c)

1
2
(
1- 5 ) (d)
1
2
5
(c) 2+ 3 (d) 3 + 2
10
æ 2k p 2k p ö
79. The least positive integer n such that 87. The value of å çè sin 11
+ i cos
11 ø
÷ is [2006]
k =1
2 2 2 1
1 - - 2 - .... - n -1 < , is: [Online April 12, 2014] (a) i (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) – i
3 3 3 100
88. If the expan sion in powers of x of the fun ction
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
1
80. In a geometric progression, if the ratio of the sum of first 5 is a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + a3 x 3 ...... then an is
(1 - ax)(1 - bx)
terms to the sum of their reciprocals is 49, and the sum of
the first and the third term is 35. Then the first term of this [2006]
geometric progression is: [Online April 11, 2014]
n n
(a) b - a
n n
(a) 7 (b) 21 (c) 28 (d) 42 (b) a - b
81. 50
The coefficient of x in the binomial expansion of b-a b-a
(1 + x) 1000 + x (1 + x) 999 + x 2 (1 + x) 99 8 + ....
+ x1000 is:
n +1
- bn +1 bn +1 - a n +1
[Online April 11, 2014] (c) a (d)
b-a b-a
(1000 )! (1000 )!
(a)
(50 )!( 950 )! (b)
( 49 )!( 951)! 89. Let two numbers have arithmetic mean 9 and geometric
mean 4. Then these numbers are the roots of the quadratic
equation [2004]
(1001)! (1001)!
(c)
( 51)!( 950 )! (d)
(50 )!( 951)! (a) x 2 - 18 x - 16 = 0 (b) x 2 - 18 x + 16 = 0
82. Given a sequence of 4 numbers, first three of which are in (c) x 2 + 18 x - 16 = 0 (d) x 2 + 18 x + 16 = 0
G.P. and the last three are in A.P. with common difference
90. Sum of infinite number of terms of GP is 20 and sum of their
six. If first and last terms of this sequence are equal, then
square is 100. The common ratio of GP is [2002]
the last term is : [Online April 25, 2013]
(a) 5 (b) 3/5 (c) 8/5 (d) 1/5
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 2
91. Fifth term of a GP is 2, then the product of its 9 terms is
83. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
[2002]
(a2 + b2 + c2) p2 – 2p (ab + bc + cd) + (b2 + c2 + d2) £ 0,
(a) 256 (b) 512
then
(c) 1024 (d) none of these
[Online May 12, 2012]
(a) a, b, c, d are in A.P. (b) ab = cd æ pö
92. The sum of all values of qÎ ç 0, ÷ satisfying
(c) ac = bd (d) a, b, c, d are in G.P. è 2ø
84. The difference between the fourth term and the first term
of a Geometrical Progresssion is 52. If the sum of its first 3
sin22q + cos4 2q = is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
three terms is 26, then the sum of the first six terms of the 4
progression is [Online May 7, 2012]
5p p 3p
(a) 63 (b) 189 (c) 728 (d) 364 (a) p (b) (c) (d)
4 2 8
85. The first two terms of a geometric progression add up to
12. the sum of the third and the fourth terms is 48. If the Harmonic Progression, Relation
terms of the geometric progression are alternately positive TOPIC Đ Between A. M., G. M. and H.M. of
and negative, then the first term is [2008] two Positive Numbers
(a) –4 (b) –12 (c) 12 (d) 4
86. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, 93. If m arithmetic means (A.Ms) and three geometric means
each term equals the sum of the next two terms. Then the (G.Ms) are inserted between 3 and 243 such that 4th A.M.
common ratio of its progression is equals [2007] is equal to 2nd G.M., then m is equal to ___________.
[Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]

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M-96 Mathematics
94. If the arithmetic mean of two numbers a and b, a > b > 0, is

Arithmetic-Geometric Sequence
a+b TOPIC Ė (A.G.S.), Some Special Sequences
five times their geometric mean, then is equal to :
a-b
[Online April 8, 2017] 101. If 1 + (1 – 22 × 1) + (1 – 42 × 3) + (1 – 62 × 5) + . . . . . . . + (1 – 202 ×
6 3 2 7 3 5 6 19) = a - 220b, then an ordered pair (a, b) is equal to :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 12 12 [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
(a) (10, 97) (b) (11, 103)
p (c) (10, 103) (d) (11, 97)
95. If A > 0, B > 0 and A + B = , then the minimum value of
6
102. Let f :R ® R be a function which satisfies
tanA + tanB is : [Online April 10, 2016]
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ), " x, y ÎR. If f (a) = 2 and
(a) 3- 2 (b) 4 - 2 3
( n -1)
(c)
2
(d) 2 - 3
g (n) = å f (k ), n Î N , then the value of n, for which
k =1
3
g(n) = 20, is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
96. Let x, y, be positive real numbers such that x + y + = 12
(a) 5 (b) 20 (c) 4 (d) 9
and x3y45 = (0.1) (600)3. Then x3 + y3 + 3 is equal to :
n(n + 1)(2 n + 1)
103. The sum, å 4
is equal to __________.
(a) 342 (b) 216 (c) 258 (d) 270 n =1
97. Let G be the geometric mean of two positive numbers a [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
1 1 1 20
and b, and M be the arithmetic mean of
a
and . If
b M
:G 104. The sum å (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k ) is _______.
k =1
is 4 : 5, then a : b can be: [Online April 12, 2014]
[Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 4 105. If the sum of the first 40 terms of the series, 3 + 4 + 8 + 9
98. If a1, a2, .........., an are in H.P., then the expression + 13 + 14 + 18 +19 + ... is (102)m, then m is equal to:
a1a2 + a2a3 + .......... + an–1an is equal to [2006] [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
(a) n(a1 - an ) (b) (n - 1)(a1 - an ) (a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 5 (d) 10
106. For x Î R, let [x] denote the greatest integer < x, then the
(c) na1an (d) (n - 1)a1an
sum of the series
¥ ¥ ¥
é 1ù é 1 1 ù é 1 2 ù é 1 99 ù
99. If x = å a n , y = å bn , z = å c n where a, b, c are in êë - 3 úû + êë - 3 - 100 úû + êë- 3 - 100 úû + L + êë - 3 - 100 úû is
n =0 n=0 n=0
A.P and |a | < 1, | b | < 1, | c | < 1 then x, y, z are in [2005] [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) G. P. (a) –153 (b) –133 (c) –131 (d) –135
(b) A.P.
3 ´ 13 5 ´ (13 + 23 ) 7 ´ (13 + 23 + 33 )
(c) Arithmetic - Geometric Progression 107. The sum + + ) + …...
(d) H.P. 12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
100. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation upto 10th term, is : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) 680 (b) 600 (c) 660 (d) 620
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of
13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
a b c 108. The sum 1 + + + ¼¼ +
their reciprocals, then , and are in [2003] 1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
c a b
(a) Arithmetic - Geometric Progression 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 153 1
(b) Arithmetic Progression - (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 15 is equal to :
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 15 2
(c) Geometric Progression
(d) Harmonic Progression. [April 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) 620 (b) 1240 (c) 1860 (d) 660

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109. The sum of the series 1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 5 + 4 × 7 + ….. upto

12 + 2 × 22 + 32 + 2.4 2 + 52 + 2.62 + ...
11th term is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) 915 (b) 946 (c) 945 (d) 916 If B - 2A = 100 l , then l is equal to : [2018]
110. Some identical balls are arranged in rows to form an (a) 248 (b) 464 (c) 496 (d) 232
equilateral triangle. The first row consists of one ball, the 117. Let a, b, c Î R. If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is such that a + b + c = 3
second row consists of two balls and so on. If 99 more 10
identical balls are added to the total number of balls used and f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy, " x, y Î R, then å f ( n ) is equal
in forming the equilateral triangle, then all these balls can n =1
be arranged in a square whose each side contains exactly to : [2017]
2 balls less than the number of balls each side of the triangle (a) 255 (b) 330 (c) 165 (d) 190
contains. Then the number of balls used to form the
equilateral triangle is: [April 09, 2019 (II)] 1 1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
118. Let Sn = 3 + 3 3 + 3 3 3 + .....
(a) 157 2) 262 (c) 225 (d) 190 1 1 +2 1 +2 +3

20
1 1 + 2 + ...... + n
111. The sum å k 2k is equal to : [April 08, 2019 (II)] +
1 + 23 + ....... + n3
3
, If 100 Sn = n, then n is equal to :
k =1
3 11 11 21
(a) 2 – 17 (b) 1 – 20 (c) 2 – 19 (d) 2 – 20 (a) 199 (b) 99 (c) 200 (d) 19
2 2 2 2 119. If the sum of the first n terms of the series
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + k 3 + 75 + 243 + 507 + ...... is 435 3 , then n equals :
112. Let Sk = .
2 [Online April 8, 2017]
5 (a) 18 (b) 15 (c) 13 (d) 29
2
If S12 + S22 + ..... + S10 = A. Then A is equal to 120. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series
12
2 2 2 2
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] æ 3ö æ 2ö æ 1ö 2 æ 4ö 16
ç 1 5 ÷ + ç 2 5 ÷ + ç 3 5 ÷ + 4 + ç 4 5 ÷ + ......., is 5 m,
(a) 283 (b) 301 (c) 303 (d) 156 è ø è ø è ø è ø
113. If the sum of the first 15 terms of the series then m is equal to : [2016]
3 3 3 3 (a) 100 (b) 99 (c) 102 (d) 101
æ3ö æ 1ö æ 1ö 3 æ 3ö
ç ÷ + ç1 ÷ + ç 2 ÷ + 3 + ç 3 ÷ + ....... is equal to 121. For x Î R, x ¹ -1 , if (1 + x)2016 + x (1 + x)2015 + x2
è4ø è 2ø è 4ø è 4ø
2016
225 k then k is equal to :
å ai xi , then a17 is equal to :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
(1 + x)2014 + .... + x2016 =
(a) 108 (b) 27 (c) 54 (d) 9 i =0
114. The sum of the following series [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] [Online April 9, 2016]
9 (1 + 2 + 3 ) 12 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2017! 2016!
1+ 6 + + (a) (b) 17! 1999!
7 9 17!2000!
15 (12 + 22 + .... + 52 ) 2016! 2017!

+ +... up to 15 terms, is: (c) (d)
11 16! 2000!
(a) 7520 (b) 7510 (c) 7830 (d) 7820 122. The sum of first 9 terms of the series. [2015]
115. The sum of the first 20 terms of the series 13 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
+ + + ....
3 7 15 31 1 1+ 3 1+ 3 + 5
1 + + + + + ... is? [Online April 16, 2018]
2 4 8 16 (a) 142 (b) 192 (c) 71 (d) 96
1 1 5 k
(a) 38 + (b) 39 + 1
220 219 123. If å n(n + 1)(n + 2)( n + 3) = 3
, then k is equal to
n =1
1 1 [Online April 11, 2015]
(c) 39 + 20 (d) 38 + 19
2 2
1 17 55 19
116. Let A be the sum of the first 20 terms and B be the sum of (a) (b) (c) (d)
6 105 336 112
the first 40 terms of the series

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M-98 Mathematics
30 18 22 20 16
124. The value of å ( r + 2) ( r - 3) is equal to : (a)
11
(b)
13
(c)
11
(d)
9
r =16
133. Statement-1: The sum of the series 1 + (1 + 2 + 4) +
[Online April 10, 2015] (4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16) + .... + (361 + 380 + 400) is 8000.
(a) 7770 (b) 7785 (c) 7775 (d) 7780
å ( k 3 - ( k - 1)3 ) = n3, for any natural

n
125. If (10 ) + 2 (11) 10

9 1
( ) + 3(11)
8 2
(10 ) 7
+ .....
Statement-2:
k =1
number n. [2012]
+10 (11) = k (10 ) , then k is equal to:
9 9
[2014]
(a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
121 441 (b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
(a) 100 (b) 110 (c) (d) a correct explanation for Statement-1.
10 100
(c) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is

126. The number of terms in an A.P. is even; the sum of the odd not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
terms in it is 24 and that the even terms is 30. If the last term (d) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
exceeds the first term by 10
1
, then the number of terms in 134. If the sum of the series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + ... 2.62 +...
n ( n + 1)
2 2
the A.P. is: [Online April 19, 2014] upto n terms, when n is even, is , then the sum
2
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
of the series, when n is odd, is [Online May 26, 2012]
127. If the sum
n 2 ( n - 1)
3 5 7 (a) n2(n + 1) (b)
+ + + ...... + up to 20 terms is equal 2
12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
n2 ( n + 1)
k (c) (d) n2(n – 1)
to , then k is equal to: [Online April 9, 2014] 2
21
(a) 120 (b) 180 (c) 240 (d) 60 4 10 28
135. The sum of the series 1 + + + + ... upto n terms is
128. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,....., 3 9 27
is [2013] [Online May 19, 2012]
7 7
(a) (179 - 10-20 ) (b) (99 - 10-20 ) 7 1 2 5 7 1
81 9 (a) n + - n -1 (b) n - + n -1
6 6 3.2 3 6 2.3
7 7
(c) (179 + 10 -20 ) (d) (99 + 10 -20 ) 1 1 1 1
81 9 (c) n + - (d) n - - n -1
2 2.3 n 3 3.2
129. The value of l2 + 32 + 52 + .......................+ 252 is :
[Online April 25, 2013] 136. The sum of the series
(a) 2925 (b) 1469 (c) 1728 (d) 1456
1 1 1
130. The sum of the series : + + + ...
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4
(b)2 + 2(d)2 + 3(6)2 + ... upto 10 terms is :
[Online April 23, 2013] upto 15 terms is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) 11300 (b) 11200 (c) 12100 (d) 12300 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
137. The sum of the series
3 5 7
131. The sum
2
+ 2 2
+ + .... upto 11-terms 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + .... + 2(2m)2 is
1 1 +2 1 + 22 + 32
2
is: [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) m(2m + 1)2 (b) m2(m + 2)
7 11 11 60
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) m2(2m + 1) (d) m(m + 2)2
2 4 2 11
138. The sum to infinite term of the series
132. The sum of the series : [Online April 9, 2013]
2 6 10 14 ... is [2009]
1 1 1+ + + + +
1+ + + ....... upto 10 terms, is : 3 32 33 34
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2

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1 1 1 2
139. The sum of series - + - ....... upto infinity is é n(n + 1) ù n2 (n + 1)
(a) ê
ë 2 úû
2! 3! 4! (b)
2
[2007]
1 1 n(n + 1)2 3n( n + 1)
(a) - (b) + (c) e –2 (d) e –1 (c) (d)
e 2 e 2 4 2
140. The sum of the series n n
1 r t
1 1 1 143. If Sn = å nC and t n = å nC , then n is equal to
1+ + + + ....................ad inf. is [2005] r=0 r r =0 r
Sn
4.2! 16.4! 64.6 !
[2004]
e -1 e +1 e -1 e +1 2n – 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) n -1
e e 2 e 2 e (a) (b) (c) n – 1 (d) n

2 2 2
1 1 1 144. The sum of the series [2003]
141. The sum of series + + + ..... is [2004]
2! 4! 6! 1 1 1
- + .......... .. up to ¥ is equal to
1.2 2.3 3.4
(e2 - 2) (e - 1)2
(a) (b)
e 2e æ 4ö
(a) log e ç ÷ (b) 2 log e 2
èeø
2 2
(e - 1) (e - 1)
(c) (d) (c) log e 2 - 1 (d) log e 2
2e 2
3 3 3 3
145. 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 +...+9 = 3 [2002]
142. The sum of the first n terms of the series
(a) 425 (b) –425 (c) 475 (d) –475
12 + 2.2 2 + 3 2 + 2.4 2 + 5 2 + 2.6 2 + ... 146. The value of 21/4. 41/8. 81/16 ... ¥ is [2002]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3/2 (d) 4
n(n + 1)2
is when n is even. When n is odd the sum is
2
[2004]

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M-100 Mathematics
1. (c) Let common difference of series 4. (d) Given that a1 = 1 and an = 300 and d ÎZ
a1 , a2 , a3 ,......., an be d. \ 300 = 1 + (n - 1)d
Q a40 = a1 + 39d = -159 ...(i)
299 23 ´ 13
Þd = = ,
and a100 = a1 + 99d = -399 ...(ii) (n - 1) (n - 1)
From equations (i) and (ii),
Q d is an integer
d = – 4 and a1 = – 3
\ n - 1 = 13 or 23
Since, the common difference of b1, b2, ......, bn is 2 more
than common difference of a1, a2, ......, an. Þ n = 14 or 24 (Q15 £ n £ 50)
\ Common difference of b1, b2, b3, ..... is (– 2).
Þ n = 24 and d = 13
Q b100 = a70
a20 = 1 + 19 ´ 13 = 248
Þ b1 + 99(-2) = (-3) + 69( -4)
20
Þ b1 = 198 - 279 Þ b1 = -81 s20 = (2 + 19 ´ 13) = 2490.
2
2. (a) Given that 32sin 2a -1 , 14, 34 - 2sin 2a are in A.P.. 5. (a) Given a = 3 and S25 = S40 – S25
So, 32sin 2a-1 + 34 - 2sin 2a = 28 Þ 2S25 = S40
25 40
32sin 2a 81 Þ 2´ [6 + 24 d ] = [6 + 39 d ]
Þ + 2sin 2 a = 28 2 2
3 3
Let 32sin 2 a = x Þ 25[6 + 24d ] = 20[6 + 39d ]
Þ 5(2 + 8d ) = 4(2 + 13d )

x 81
Þ + = 28
3 x Þ 10 + 40 d = 8 + 52d
Þ x - 84 x + 243 = 0 Þ x = 81, x = 3
2
1
Þd =
When x = 81 Þ sin 2a = 2 (Not possible) 6
p 6. (b) Sn = 20 + 19 3 + 19 1 + 18 4 + ....
When x = 3 Þ a = 5 5 5
12
\ a = 30 = 1, d = 14 - 1 = 13 Q Sn = 488
a6 = a + 5d = 1 + 65 = 66. n é æ 100 ö æ 2ö ù
488 = 2ç ÷ + ( n - 1) çè - ÷ø ú
2 êë è 5 ø 5 û
3. (a) S = log 7 x 2 + log 7 x 3 + log 7 x 4 + ...20 terms
Q S = 460 n
488 = (101 - n) Þ n2 - 101n + 2440 = 0
2
Þ log 7 ( x × x × x × ......x ) = 460
2 3 4 21
Þ n = 61 or 40
Þ log7 x(2+3+ 4......21) = 460
For n = 40 Þ Tn > 0
Þ (2 + 3 + 4 + ..... + 21) log 7 x = 460
For n = 61 Þ Tn < 0
20
Þ (2 + 21) log 7 x = 460
2 100 æ 2ö
nth term = T61 = + (61 - 1) ç - ÷ = -4
460 5 è 5ø
Þ log 7 x = = 2 Þ x = 7 2 = 49
230

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7. (d) Let common difference be d. 11. (d) Let 5 terms of A.P. be

a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d.
11
Q S11 = 0 \ {2a1 + 10 × d } = 0 Sum = 25 Þ 5a = 25 Þ a = 5
2 Product = 2520
a1 (5 – 2d) (5 – d) 5(5 + d) (5 + 2d) = 2520
Þ a1 + 5d = 0 Þ d = - ...(i) Þ (25 – 4d 2) (25 – d 2) = 504
5
Þ 625 – 100d 2 – 25d 2 + 4d 4 = 504
Now, S = a1 + a3 + a5 + ... + a23 Þ 4d 4 – 125d 2 + 625 – 504 = 0
Þ 4d 4 – 125d 2 + 121 = 0
= a1 + (a1 + 2d ) + (a1 + 4d ) + .... + (a1 + 22d ) Þ 4d 4 – 121d 2 – 4d 2 + 121 = 0
11 ´ 12 Þ (d 2 – 1) (4d 2 – 121) = 0
= 12 a1 + 2d 11
2 Þ d = ± 1, d = ±
2
é æ a öù 11 -1
= 12 êa1 + 11 × ç - 1 ÷ ú (From (i)) d = ± 1 and d = – , does not give as a term
ë è 5 øû 2 2
11
æ 6ö 72 \ d=
= 12 ´ ç - ÷ a1 = - a1 2
è 5ø 5 \ Largest term = 5 + 2d = 5 + 11 = 16
8. (14)First common term of both the series is 23 and common 12. (c) Given, S4 = 16 and S6 = – 48
difference is 7 × 4 = 28 Þ 2(2a + 3d) = 16 Þ 2a + 3d = 8 ...(i)
Q Last term £ 407 And 3[2a + 5d] = – 48 Þ 2a + 5d = – 16
Þ 23 + (n – 1) × 28 £ 407 Þ 2d = – 24 [using equation (i)]
Þ (n – 1) × 28 £ 384
Þ d = – 12 and a = 22
384
Þ n£ +1 10
28 \ S10 = (44 + 9(– 12)) = – 320
2
Þ n £ 14.71
Hence, n = 14 13. (a) Let the common difference of the A.P. is ‘d’.
Given, a1 + a7 + a16 = 40
1 Þ a1 + a1 + 6d + a1 + 15d = 40
9. (d) T10 = = a + 9d ...(i)
20 Þ 3a1 + 21d = 40
1 40
T20 = = a + 19d ...(ii) Þ a1 + 7d = ...(i)
10 3
Now, sum of first 15 terms of this A.P. is,
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get 15
S15 = [2a1 + 14d] = 15 (a1 + 7d)
1 1 2
a= ,d =
200 200 æ 40 ö
= 15 ç ÷ = 200 [Using (i)]
200 é 2 199 ù 201 1 è 3 ø
Þ S200 = + = = 100
2 êë 200 200 úû 2 2 14. (b) a1 + a4 + a7 + .... + a16 = 114
10. (b) If 2 1– x
+2 1+ x x –x
, f(x), 3 + 3 are in A.P., then Þ 3(a1 + a 16 ) = 114
Þ a1 + a16 = 38
æ 21+ x + 21- x + 3x + 3- x ö
f ( x) = ç ÷ Now, a1 + a6 + a11 + a16 = 2(a1 + a16 ) = 2 × 38 = 76
ç 2 ÷
è ø
æ 7Aö A
(d) Q Sn = ç 50 - n + n2 ´ Þ a1 = 50 – 3S
2 ÷ø
15.
è 2
æ 1 ö æ x 1 ö
2 f ( x) = 2 ç 2 x + x ÷ +ç3 + x ÷
è 2 ø è 3 ø A
\ d = a2 – a1 = Sn 2 - Sn1 - Sn1 Þ d = ´2 = A
2
Using AM ³ GM
Now, a50 = a1 + 49 × d
f(x) ³ 3 = (50 – 3A) + 49 A = 50 + 46 A
So, (d, a50) = (A, 50 + 46 A)

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16. (d) Q f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) tn = a + (n – 1)d

Þ Let f(x) = tx \ t19 = a + 18d = 0
Q f(1) = 2 \ a = –18d ¼(i)
\ t' = 2
t49 a + 48d
Þ f(x) = 2x \ t29 = a + 28d
10
Since, å f (a + k ) = 16(210 - 1) –18d + 48d 30d
=
k =1 = =3
–18d + 28d 10d
10
Then, å 2
a +k t49 : t29 = 3 : 1
= 16(210 - 1)
k =1 21. (d) Two digit positive numbers which when divided by 7
yield 2 as remainder are 12 terms i.e,16, 23, 30, ..., 93

10
Þ 2a å 2k = 16(210 - 1) Two digit positive numbers which when divided by 7 yield
k =1 5 as remainder are 13 terms i.e,12, 19, 26, ..., 96
By using AP sum of 16, 23, ..., 93, we get
((210 ) - 1) ´ 2
Þ2 ´ = 16 ´ (210 - 1)2.2a = 16
a
S1 = 16 + 23 + 30 + ... + 93 = 654
(2 - 1)
By using AP sum of 12, 19, 26, ..., 96, we get
Þa=3
S1 = 12 + 19 + 26 + ... + 96 = 702
17. (d) Let three terms of A.P. are a – d, a, a + d
\ required Sum = S1 + S2 = 654 + 702 = 1356
Sum of terms is, a – d + a + a + d = 33 Þ a = 11
30
22. (a) S = å ai =
Product of terms is, (a – d) a (a + d) = 11(121 – d2) = 1155 30
[2a1 + 29d]
Þ 121 – d2 = 105 Þ d = ± 4 i =1 2
if d = 4 15
15
T11 = T1 + 10d = 7 + 10(4) = 47 T = å a(2i -1) = 2 [2a1 + 28d ]
i =1
if d = – 4
Since, S – 2T = 75
T11 = T1 + 10d = 15 + 10 (– 4) = – 25
Þ 30 a1 + 435d – 30a1 – 420d = 75
18. (d) Q 91 = 13 × 7 Þd=5
Then, the required numbers are either divisible by 7 or 13. Also, a5 = 27 Þ a1 + 4d = 27 Þ a1 = 7,
\ Sum of such numbers = Sum of no. divisible by 7 + Hence, a10 = a1 + 9d = 7 + 9 ´ 5 = 52
sum of the no. divisible by 13 – Sum of the numbers
1 1 1 1
divisible by 91 23. (c) Q , , ,....., are in A.P
x1 x2 x3 xn
= (105 + 112 + ... + 196) + (104 + 117 + ... +195) – 182
= 2107 + 1196 – 182 = 3121 x1 = 4 and x21 = 20
19. (b) Since nC4, nC5 and nC6 are in A.P. Let 'd ' be the common difference of this A.P
2nC5 = nC4 + nC6 1 1
\ its 21st term = = + [(21 – 1) ´ d ]
n n x21 x1
C4 C6
2= n
+ n
C5 C5 1 æ 1 1ö 1
Þd= ´ç – ÷ Þ d=–
20 è 20 4 ø 100
5 n-5
2= + Also xn > 50 (given).
n-4 5
Þ 12(n – 4) = 30 + n2 – 9n + 20 1 1
\ = + [(n – 1) ´ d ]
Þ n2 – 21n + 98 = 0 xn x1
(n – 7) (n – 14) = 0
x1
(n – 7) (n – 14) = 0 Þ xn =
n = 7, n = 14 1 + (n – 1) ´ d ´ x1
20. (c) Let first term and common difference of AP be a and d x1
\ > 50
respectively, then 1 + ( n – 1) ´ d ´ x1

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4 26. (c) We have

Þ > 50 9(25a2 + b2) + 25 (c2 – 3ac) = 15b (3 a + c)
æ 1 ö
1 + (n – 1) ´ ç – ÷´4 Þ 225a2 + 9b2 + 25c2 – 75ac = 45ab + 15bc
è 100 ø
Þ (15a)2 + (3b)2 + (5c)2 – 75ac – 45ab– 15 bc = 0
æ 1 ö 4 1
Þ 1 + ( n – 1) ´ ç – ÷´4< [(15 a – 3b)2 + (3b – 5c)2 + (5c – 15a)2 ] = 0
è 100 ø 50 2
1 23 It is possible when 15a – 3b = 0, 3b – 5 c = 0 and
Þ – (n – 1) < – 5c – 15a = 0
100 100
Þ 15a = 3b Þ b = 5a
Þ n – 1 > 23 Þ n > 24
Therefore, n = 25. 5c c
Þ b= ,a =
3 3
25
1 25 éæ 1ö æ 1 ö ù 13
Þ åx = ê
2 ëè
ç 2 ´ ÷ + (25 – 1) ´ ç –
4ø
÷ú =
è 100 ø û 4 c 5c 6c
i =1 i Þ a+b= + =
3 3 3
24. (a) Suppose d1 is the common difference of the A.P.
Þ a + b = 2c
x1, x2, .... xn then
Þ b, c, a are in A.P.
12 27. (a) By Arithmetic Mean:
Q x8 – x3 = 5d1 = 12 Þ d1 = = 2.4
5 a + c = 2b
12 Consider a = b = c = 2
Þ x5 = x3 + 2d1 = 8 + 2 × = 12.8 Þ abc = 8
5
Þ a + b = 2b
Suppose d 2 is the common difference of the A.P
\ minimum possible value of b = 2
1 1 1 28. (a) a3 + a7 + a11 + a15 = 72
, ,.....
h1 h2 hn then (a3 + a15) + (a7 + a11) = 72
a3 + a15 + a7 + a11 = 2 (a1+ a17)
1 1 –3 –3
5d2 = – = Þ d2 = a1 + a17 = 36
20 8 40 200
17
1 1 1 S17 = [a + a ] = 17 × 18 = 306
Q = + 3d 2 = Þ h10 = 200 2 1 17
h10 h7 200 29. (b) Let p, q, r are in AP
Þ x5 . h10 = 12.8 × 200 = 2560 Þ 2q = p + r ...(i)
1 1
12 Given + =4
(b) Q å a 4k +1 = 416 Þ [2a1 + 48d] = 416
13 a b
25.
k =0 2
a +b
Þ a1 + 24d = 32 ...(i) Þ =4
ab
Now, a9 + a43 = 66 Þ 2a1 + 50d = 66 ...(ii)
r
From eq. (i) & (ii) we get; d = 1 and a1 = 8 We have a + b = – q/p and ab =
p
17 17 q
Also, å a 2r = å [8 + (r - 1)1]2 = 140 m -
p
r =1 r =1 Þ = 4 Þ q = - 4r
r ....(ii)
17 p
Þ å (r + 7) 2
= 140 m
From (i), we have
r =1
2( – 4r) = p + r
17 p = –9r ....(iii)
Þ å (r 2 + 14r + 49) = 140 m
r =1 Now, | a - b | = (a + b)2 - 4ab
æ 17 ´18 ´ 35 ö æ 17 ´18 ö
Þ ç ÷ + 14 ç ÷ + (49 ´17) = 140 æ -q ö
2
è 6 ø è 2 ø 4r q 2 - 4 pr
= ç ÷ - =
Þ m = 34 è pø p | p|

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From (ii) and (iii) 33. (b) Given Sn = 2n + 3n2

Now, first term = 2 + 3 = 5
16r 2 + 36r 2 2 13
= = second term = 2(2) + 3(4) = 16
| -9 r | 9
third term = 2(3) + 3 (9) = 33
30. (b) Given n = 20; S20 = ?
Series (1) ® 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, Now, sum given in option (b) only has the same first term
51, 55, 59... and difference between 2nd and 1st term is double also.
Series (2) ® 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56,
a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + a p p3
61, 66, 71. 34. (b) =
The common terms between both the series are a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + aq q 3
11, 31, 51, 71...
Above series forms an Arithmetic progression (A.P). a1 + a2 8
Therefore, first term (a) = 11 and Þ = Þ a1 + (a1 + d) = 8a1
a1 1
common difference (d) = 20
n Þ d = 6a1
Now, Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d ]
2
a6 a + 5d
20 Now = 1
S20 = [2 × 11 + (20 – 1) 20] a21 a1 + 20d
2
S20 = 10 [22 + 19 × 20]
a1 + 5 ´ 6a1 1 + 30 31
S20 = 10 × 402 = 4020 = = =
\ S20 = 4020 a1 + 20 ´ 6a1 1 + 120 121
31. (c) Let a be the first term and d be the common 35. (d) Let 'a' is the first term and 'd ' is the common difference
difference of given A.P.
of an A.P.
Second term, a+ d = 12 ...(i)
Now, According to the question
Sum of first nine terms,
100a100 = 50a50
9
S9 = (2a + 8d ) = 9( a + 4d ) 100 (a + 99d) = 50 (a + 49d)
2
Þ 2a + 198 d = a + 49d Þ a + 149 d = 0
Given that S9 is more than 200 and less than 220
Þ 200 < S9 < 220 Hence, T150 = a + 149 d = 0
Þ 200 < 9 (a + 4d) < 220 a p + aqar + as
Þ 200 < 9 (a + d + 3d) < 220 36. (d) Given : =
2 2
Putting value of (a + d) from equation (i)
200 < 9 (12 + 3d) < 220 Þ a + (p – 1) d +a + (q – 1)d
Þ 200 < 108 + 27d < 220 = a + (r – 1)d + a + (s – 1)d
Þ 200 – 108 < 108 + 27d – 108 < 220 – 108 Þ 2a + (p + q)d – 2d = 2a + (r + s) d – 2d
Þ 92 < 27d < 112 Þ (p + q)d = (r + s)d Þ p + q = r + s.
Possible value of d is 4 37. (a) Since, sec (q – f), secq and sec (q + f) are in A.P.,
27 × 4 = 108
Thus, 92 < 108 < 112 \ 2 secq = sec (q – f) + sec (q + f)
Putting value of d in equation (i) 2 cos ( q + f) + cos ( q - f )
Þ =
a + d = 12 cos q cos ( q - f ) cos ( q + f )
a = 12 – 4 = 8
4th term = a + 3d = 8 + 3 × 4 = 20 ( )
Þ 2 cos 2 q - sin 2 f = cos q [ 2 cos q cos f]
32. (c) If d be the common difference, then
m = a4 – a7 + a10 = a4 – a7 + a7 + 3d = a7 Þ cos 2 q (1 - cos f ) = sin 2 f = 1 - cos 2 f
13 13 2 2 f
S13 = [a1 + a13 ] = [ a1 + a7 + 6d ] Þ cos q = 1 + cos f = 2 cos
2 2 2
f
\ cos q = 2 cos
13 2
= [2a7 ] = 13a7 = 13 m f
2 But given cosq = cos
k
2
\ k= 2

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38. (b) Let A.P. be a, a + d , a + 2d ,......... 1

43. (d) Tm = a+ (m – 1) d = .....(i)
a2 + a4 + ........... + a200 = a n
100
Þ é2 ( a + d ) + (100 - 1) 2d ùû = a ...(i) Tn = a + (n - 1) d =
1
2 ë m
.....(ii)
and a1 + a3 + a5 + ......... + a199 =b Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
100
Þ
2
[ 2a + (100 – 1) 2d] = β ...(ii) (m - n)d =
1 1
- Þd =
1
n m mn
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
1
a -b From (i) a = Þa-d =0
d= mn
100 44. (b) 1, log9 (31 – x + 2), log3 (4.3x – 1) are in A.P.
39. (c) Let number of months = n Q a, b, c are in A.P then b = a + c
\ 200 × 3 + (240 + 280 + 320 + ... + (n – 3)th term) = 11040

Þ 2 log9 (31– x+2) = 1 + log3 (4.3x – 1)
Þ n - 3 [ 2 ´ 240 + (n - 4) ´ 40] = 11040 - 600 p
2 Q log ap = log b a
bq q
Þ (n - 3)[240 + 20n - 80] = 10440
Þ log3 (31 – x + 2) = log33 + log3 (4.3x – 1)
Þ (n - 3)(20n + 160) = 10440
Þ (n - 3)(n + 8) = 522 Þ log3 (31– x + 2) = log3 [3(4 × 3x – 1)]
Þ n2 + 5n - 546 = 0 Þ 31– x + 2 = 3 (4.3x – 1)
Þ (n + 26) (n – 21) = 0 Þ 3.3–x + 2 = 12.3x – 3.
\ n = 21 Put 3x = t
40. (a) Till 10th minute number of counted notes = 1500 3
Remaining notes = 4500 – 1500 = 3000 Þ + 2 = 12t - 3 Þ 12t2 – 5t – 3 = 0;
t
n
3000 = [ 2 ´ 148 + ( n - 1)( -2) ] = n [148 - n + 1] Hence t = - ,
1 3
2
3 4
n 2 - 149 n + 3000 = 0 3
Þ n = 125, 24 Þ 3x = (as 3 x ¹ - ve )
4
But n = 125 is not possible æ 3ö
\ Total time = 24 + 10 = 34 minutes. Þ x = log3 ç ÷ or x = log3 3 – log3 4
è 4ø
41. (d) Given that
Þ x = 1 – log3 4
p
S p 2 [2a1 + ( p - 1)d ] p 2 45. (d) Let f (1) = k, then f (2) = f (1 + 1) = k2
= = f (3) = f (2 + 1) = k3
Sq q 2
[2a1 + (q - 1)d ] q
2 ¥
å f ( x) = 2 Þ k + k 2 + k 3 + .....¥ = 2
2a1 + ( p - 1)d p x =1
Þ =
2a1 + (q - 1)d q k 2
Þ =2Þk =
Put p = 11 and q = 41 1- k 3
a1 + 5d 11 a 11 f (4) k 4 4
= Þ 6 = Now, = = k2 = .
a1 + 20d 41 a21 41 f (2) k 2 9
46. (c) Rearrange given equation, we get
42. (c) Coeficient of rth, (r + 1)th and (r + 2)th terms is mCr–1,
mC and mC
r r+1 resp. (a 2 p 2 - 2abp + b2 ) + (b2 p 2 - 2bcp + c 2 )
Given that m Cr -1 , m
Cr , m
Cr +1 are in A.P.. +(c2 p 2 - 2cdp + d 2 ) = 0
2m Cr =m Cr -1 + m Cr +1
Þ (ap - b)2 + (bp - c)2 + (cp - d )2 = 0
m
Cr -1 m
Cr +1 r m-r \ ap - b = bp - c = cp - d = 0
Þ 2= + = +
m
Cr m
Cr m - r +1 r +1
b c d
Þ = = \ a, b, c, d are in G.P.
Þ m - m(4r + 1) + 4r - 2 = 0 .
2 2 a b c

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47. (5.00) 51. (4)

Q f ( x + y ) = f ( x) × f ( y ) "x Î R and f(1) = 3 æ1 1 1 ö
log 2.5 ç + 2 + 3 + .....¥÷
è3 3 3 ø
(0.16)
Þ f ( x) = 3x Þ f (i ) = 3i
æ 1 ö
n ç ÷
Þ å f (i) = 363 log 2.5 ç 3 ÷ é a ù
1
ç 1- ÷
è 3ø
êëQ S¥ = 1 - r úû
i =1 = 0.16
Þ 3 + 3 + 3 + .... + 3 = 363
2 3 n
æ 1ö
log 2.5 ç ÷
è 2ø
= 0.16
3(3n - 1) é a (r - 1) ù
n
Þ = 363 êQ S n = ú
3 -1 ë (r - 1) û æ 1ö
-2log 2.5 ç ÷ -2
è 2ø æ 1ö
= (2.5) =ç ÷ = 4.
è 2ø
363 ´ 2
Þ 3n - 1 = = 242
3 a
52. (c) Let terms of G.P. be , a, ar
Þ 3 = 243 = 3 Þ n = 5
n 5 r
3 æ1 ö
48. (b) Given sequence are in G.P. and common ratio \ a ç + 1 + r÷ = S . . . (i)
2 èr ø
æ æ 3ö 11 ö and a3 = 27
210 ç ç ÷ - 1÷
è è 2ø ø Þa=3 . . . (ii)
\ = S - 211
æ3 ö Put a = 3 in eqn. (1), we get
çè - 1÷ø
2
æ 1ö
æ 311 - 211 ö S = 3 + 3ç r + ÷
è rø
ç ÷
è 211 ø
Þ 210 = S - 211 1
1 If f ( x) = x + , then f ( x) Î ( -¥, - 2] È [2, ¥)
2 x
Þ 311 - 211 = S - 211 Þ S = 311 Þ 3 f ( x) Î ( -¥, - 6] È [6, ¥)

49. (b) Let the first term be 'a' and common ratio be 'r'. Þ 3 + 3 f ( x) Î ( -¥, - 3] È [9, ¥)
Q ar (1 + r + r ) = 3 2
...(i) Then, it concludes that
S Î (-¥, - 3] È [9, ¥)
and ar 5 (1 + r + r 2 ) = 243 ...(ii)
(c) S = ( x + y) + ( x + y + xy) + ( x + x y + xy + y ) + ....¥
2 2 3 2 2 3
From (i) and (ii), 53.
1 1
r 4 = 81 Þ r = 3 and a = = é( x 2 - y 2 ) + ( x 3 - y 3 ) + ( x 4 - y 4 + ....¥ù
13 x- y ë û
a(r 50 - 1) 350 - 1 é a(r n - 1) ù 1 é x2 y 2 ù ( x - y )( x + y - xy )

\ S50 = = êQ Sn = ú = ê - ú=
r -1 26 ë (r - 1) û x - y ë1 - x 1 - y û ( x - y )(1 - x )(1 - y )
50. (b) Let a, b, g , d be in G.P., then ad = bg é a ù

êëQ S¥ = 1 - r úû
a g a -b g -d
Þ = Þ =
b d a+b g +d x + y - xy
=
(1 - x)(1 - y)
9- 4p 36 - 4q
Þ =
3 6 54. (c) S = ( x + x2 + x 3 + ....9 terms)
Þ 36 - 16 p = 36 - 4q Þ q = 4 p + a[k + (k + 2) + + (k + 4) + ...9 terms]
2q + p 8 p + p 9 p 9 x ( x 9 - 1) 9
\ = = = ÞS= + [2ak + 8 ´ (2a)]
2q - p 8 p - p 7 p 7 x -1 2

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x10 - x 9a(k + 8) x10 - x + 45a( x - 1) æ 4 ö

r2
æ 4 ö
r3
ÞS = + = (Given) +ç = 16
x -1 1 x -1 ç ÷ ÷
è 1+ r ø è 1+ r ø
x10 - x + 9a(k + 8)( x - 1) x10 - x + 45a( x - 1) Þ 4r2 (1 + r) = 16(1 + r)
Þ =
x -1 x -1 Þ r2 = 4 \ r=±2
Þ 9a(k + 8) = 45a Þ k + 8 = 5 Þ k = -3. r = 2, a1(1 + 2) = 4 Þ a1 =

4
3
1 2 3
55. (a) + + +.....¥
24 16 48
r = – 2, a1(1 – 2) = 4 Þ a1 = – 4
1 1 1
+ + +.....¥ a
a1 (r q - 1) (-4)((-2)9 - 1)
=2 4 8 16 = 2 å ai = r -1
=
-2 - 1
56. (d) Let G.P. be a, ar, ar2 ..... i =1
100 4
= (-513) = 4l Þ l = – 171
å a2n+1 = a3 + a5 + ..... + a201 = 200 3
n =1
60. (b) The given series is in G.P. then
ar 2 ( r 200 - 1) a(1 - r n )
Þ 2
= 200 ...(i) Sn =
r -1 1- r
100
å a2n = a2 + a4 + ..... + a200 = 100 é æ x ö11 ù
(1 + x)10 ê1 - ç ÷ ú
n =1
êë è 1 + x ø úû
ar (r 200 - 1) æ x ö
Þ = 100 ...(ii) ç1 - ÷
r2 -1 è 1+ x ø
From equations (i) and (ii), r = 2 and
a2 + a3 + ..... + a200 + a201 = 300 (1 + x)10 é(1 + x )11 - x11 ù
ë û
Þ r(a1 + ..... + a200) = 300 Þ = (1 + x)11 – x11
11 1
(1 + x) ´
200
300 (1 + x )
Þ å an = r
= 150
\ Coefficient of x7 is 11C7 = 11C11–7 = 11C4 = 330
n =1
57. (b) y = 1 + cos q + cos q + .....
2 4 61. (d) Q a, b, g are three consecutive terms of a non-
1 1 constant G.P.
Þ y= Þ = sin 2 q \ b2 = ag
1 - cos 2 q y
x = 1 – tan 2q + tan4q + ..... So roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + g = 0 are
x=
1
=
1 -2b ± 2 b2 - ag b
2 2 Þ x = cos2q =
1 - (- tan q) sec q 2a a
1 Q ax + 2bx + g = 0 and x2 + x – 1 = 0 have a common
2
y=
1
Þ y= root.
sin 2 q 1- x
\ this root satisfy the equation x2 + x – 1 = 0
\ y(1 – x) = 1 b2 – ab – a2 = 0
é n ù Þ ag – ab – a2 = 0 Þ a + b = g
(49)126 - 1 ((49)63 + 1)(4963 - 1) êQS = a(r -1) ú Now, a(b + g) = ab + ag
58. (b) = n
r -1 úû
48 48 êë
= ab + b2 = (a + b)b = bg
\ K = 63 62. (d) Q a, b, c are in G.P. Þ b = ar, c = ar2
59. (b) Since, a1 + a2 = 4 Þ a1 + a1r = 4 ...(i) Q 3a, 7b, 15c are in A.P. Þ 3a, 7ar, 15ar2 are in A.P.
a3 + a4 = 16 Þ a1r2 + a1r3 = 16 ...(ii) \ 14ar = 3a + 15ar2
4 1 3
From eqn. (i), a1 = and substituting the value of a1, Þ 15r2 – 14r + 3 = 0 Þ r = or
1+ r 3 5
in eqn (ii),

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M-108 Mathematics
1 3 \ x = cos q, cosec q, qÎ (0, 45°)

Qr < \ r = reected
2 5 \ a = cos q, b = cosec q
Fourth term = 15ar2 + 7ar – 3a ฀
1
æ 15 7 ö
å an = 1 + cos q + cos2 q + ¼ ฀ =
1– cosq
= a (15r2 + 7r – 3) = a ç + - 3 ÷ = a
n= 0
è9 3 ø ฀
(–1) n 1 1 1
63. (a) Since a, b, c are in G.P. å = 1– cosec q + - + ¼฀
n=0 b
n
cosec 2 q cosec3 q
\ b2 = ac
Given equation is, ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 = 1 – sin q + sin 2 q – sin3 q + ¼ ฀.
Þ ax2 + 2 acx + c = 0 Þ ( ax + c )2 = 0 1
=
1+ sin q
c
Þx= -
a ฀ æ (–1)n ö ฀ n ฀ ( –1)n
Also, given that ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have \ å çè an + ÷ = åa + å n
bn ø n = 0
n =0 n=0 b
a common root.
1 1
c = + .
Þx= - must satisfy dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 1– cos q 1+ sin q
a
66. (a) Let a1 = a, a2 = ar, a3 = ar2 ... a10 = ar9
c æ cö
Þ d . a + 2e çç - a ÷÷ + f = 0 where r = common ratio of given G.P.
è ø
a3
Given, a = 25
1
d 2e f d 2e f
- + =0Þ - + =0
a ac c a b c ar 2
Þ = 25
2e d f d e f a
Þ = + Þ , , are in A.P..
b a c a b c Þ r = ±5
a a9 ar 8
64. (d) Let three terms of a G.P. be , a, ar 4
Now, a = 4 = r = (±5) = 5
4 4
r 5 ar
a
× a × ar = 512 67. (b) Let the terms of infinite series are a, ar, ar2, ar3, ...
r
a3 = 512 Þ a = 8 a
So, =3
4 is added to each of the first and the second of three 1- r
27
8 Since, sum of cubes of its terms is that is sum of a3,
terms then three terms are, + 4, 8 + 4, 8r. 19
r
27
8
Q + 4,12,8r form an A.P. a3r3, ... ฀ is
19
r
8 a3 27
\ 2 × 12 = + 8r + 4 So,
1 - r3
=
19
r
Þ 2r2 – 5r + 2 = 0 a a2 27
Þ ´ =
Þ (2r – 1) (r – 2) = 0 1 - r (1 + r 2 + r ) 19
1 9(1 + r 2 - 2r ) ´ 3 27
Þ r= or 2 Þ =
2 1 + r2 + r 19
8
+ 8 + 16 = 28 Þ 6r2 – 13r + 6 = 0
Therefore, sum of three terms =
2 Þ (3r – 2)(2r – 3) = 0
65. (c) x2 sin q – x (sin q . cos q + 1) + cos q = 0. 2 3
Þ r= , or
x2 sin q – x sin q . cos q – x + cos q = 0. 3 2
x sin q (x – cos q) – 1 (x – cos q) = 0. As | r | < 1
(x – cos q) (x sin q – 1) = 0. 2
So, r =
3

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n +1 a -8 D
æ q + 1ö \ = =4
1– ç
è 2 ø÷ c -2 D
æ 1– q n+1 ö
68. (d) Sn = ç ÷ , T = æ q + 1ö
è 1– q ø n 1– ç 70. (d) Q a, b, c, are in G.P.
è 2 ÷ø
Þ b2 = ac
101 Since, a + b + c = xb
æ q +1ö
1– ç
è 2 ÷ø Þ a + c = (x – 1)b
Þ T100 = æ q + 1ö Take square on both sides, we get
1– ç
è 2 ÷ø a2 + c2 + 2ac = (x –1)2 b2
Þ a2 + c2 = (x – 1)2 ac – 2ac [Q b2 = ac]
q n +1 2101 – (q +1)101 Þ a2 + c2 = ac[(x – 1)2 – 2]
1
Sn = – , T100 =
1– q 1– q 2100 (1– q) Þ a2 + c2 = ac[x2 – 2x – 1]
Now, 101C1 + 101C S1 + 101C S2 + ¼ + 101C101 S100 Q a2 + c2 are positive and b2 = ac which is also positive.
2 3
Then, x2 – 2x – 1 would be positive but for x = 2, x2 – 2x – 1
æ 1 ö is negative.
=ç (101C2 + ¼ + 101C101)
è 1– q ø÷ Hence, x cannot be taken as 2.
71. (c) First term = b and common ratio = r
1
– (101C2 q2 + 101C3 q3 + ¼ + 101C101 q101) + 101 b
1– q For infinite series, Sum = =5
1– r
1 æ 1 ö Þ b = 5 (1 – r)
(2101 – 1 – 101) – ç ((1 + q)101 – 1
è 1– q ø÷
=
1– q So, interval of b = (0, 10) as, – 1< r < 1 for infinite G.P.
– 101C1 q) + 101 2 3 n
æ3ö æ3ö æ 3ö æ 3ö
1 72. (b) An = ç ÷ - ç ÷ + ç ÷ - ... + (-1)n - 1 ç ÷
= [2101 – 102 – (1 + q)101 + 1 + 101q] + 101 è4ø è4ø è 4ø è 4ø
1– q
3 -3
Which is a G.P. with a = ,r = and number of
1 4 4
= [2101 – 101 + 101q – (1 + q)101] + 101 terms = n
1– q
3 æ æ -3 ö ö 3 æ æ -3 ö ö
n n
æ 1 ö
=ç [2101 – (1 + q)101] = 2100 T100 ´ ç1 - ç ÷ ÷ ´ ç1 - ç ÷ ÷
è 1– q ÷ø 4 çè è 4 ø ÷ø 4 çè è 4 ø ÷ø
\ An = =
Hence, by comparison a = 2100 æ -3 ö 7
1- ç ÷
è 4 ø 4
69. (d) Let first term and common difference be A and D
respectively.
3 é æ - 3 ön ù
Þ An = ê1 - ç ÷ ú ...(i)
\ a = A + 6D, b = A + 10D 7 êë è 4 ø úû
and c = A + 12D As, Bn = 1 – An
For least odd natural number p, such that Bn > An
Since, a, b, c are in G.P.
1
Þ 1 – An > An Þ 1 > 2 × An Þ An <
Hence, relation between a, b and c is, 2
From eqn. (i), we get
\ b2 = a.c.
3 é æ -3ö ù 1
n n
\ (A + 10D)2 = (A + 6D) (A + 12D) æ - 3ö 7
´ ê1 - ç ÷ ú < Þ 1- ç 4 ÷ < 6
7 ëê è 4 ø ûú 2 è ø
\ 14D + A = 0
n n
\ A = – 14D 7 æ - 3ö -1 æ - 3ö
Þ 1- <ç ÷ Þ <ç ÷
6 è 4 ø 6 è 4 ø
\ a = –8D, b = –4D and c = –2D

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M-110 Mathematics
æ - 3ö 3
n n (1 + 3i)12 - 1
As n is odd, then ç ÷ =- =
3i
è 4 ø 4
12
n n æ1 3 ö
-1 æ3ö 1 æ3ö (1 + 3i ) 12 = 212 çç + i÷
So <-ç ÷ Þ >ç ÷ 2 2 ÷
6 è4ø 6 è4ø è ø
12
æ1ö æ3ö æ p pö
log ç ÷ = n log ç ÷ Þ 6.228 < n = 212 ç cos + i sin ÷ = 212 (cos 4p + i sin 4p) = 212
è6ø è4ø è 3 3ø
Hence, n should be 7. 212 - 1 4095 4095
73. (d) Q a, b, c are in A.P. then Þ = =– 3i = – 1365 3i
3i 3i 3
a + c = 2b
also it is given that, 1
l+n
and common ratio of G.P. = r = æç ö÷ 4

n
3 76. (d) m =
a+b+c= ...(i) 2 èlø
4
3 1 \ G1 = l3/4n1/4, G2 = l1/2n1/2, G3 = l1/4 n3/4
Þ 2b + b = Þ b= ...(ii)
3 2 2 3
4 4 G14 + 2G 42 + G34 = l n + 2l n + ln
Again it is given that, a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. then
= ln (l + n)2 = ln × (2m)2 = 4lm2n
1 (d) Let a, ar and ar2 be the first three terms of G.P
(b2)2
= a2c2 Þ ac = ± ...(iii) 77.
16
According to the question
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get;
a (ar) (ar2) = 1000 Þ (ar)3 = 1000 Þ ar = 10
1 1
a± = Þ 16a2 – 8a ± 1 = 0 and ar2 + ar3 = 60 Þ ar (r + r2) = 60
16a 2
Case I: 16a2 – 8a + 1 = 0 Þ r2 + r – 6 = 0
1 Þ r = 2, –3
Þa= (not possible as a < b)
4 10
a = 5, a = – (reect)
3
8 ± 128
Case II: 16a2 – 8a – 1 = 0 Þ a = Hence, T7 = ar6 = 5(2)6 = 5 × 64 = 320.
32 78. (b) Let a, ar, ar2 are in G.P.
1 1 According to the question
Þ a= ±
4 2 2 a, 2ar, ar2 are in A.P.
Þ 2 × 2ar = a + ar2
1 1 Þ 4r = 1 + r2 Þ r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
\ a= - (Q a < b)
4 2 2
4 ± 16 - 4
74. (d) Let the GP be a, ar and ar2 then a = A + d; ar= A + 4d; r= = 2± 3
2
ar2 = A + 8d
Since r > 1
ar 2 - ar (A + 8d) - (A + 4d)
Þ = \ r = 2 - 3 is reected
ar - a (A + 4d) - (A + d)
4 Hence, r = 2 + 3
r=
3 2 2 2 1
79. (b) 1 - - .... <
75. (b) z = 1 + ai 3 32 3n-1 100
z2 = 1 – a2 + 2ai
2 é1 1 1 1 ù 1
z2. z ={(1 – a2) + 2ai} {1 + ai} Þ 1 - ê + + + ... ú <
3 ë3 3 2 3 n-1
3 3 û 100
= (1 – a2) + 2ai + (1 – a2) ai – 2a2
Q z3 is real Þ 2a + (1 – a2) a = 0 é1 æ 1 öù
1 - 2 ê ç n - 1÷ ú
a (3 – a2) = 0 Þ a = 3 (a > 0) ë3 è 3 øû 1
Þ <
1 100
12
z12 - 1 (1 + 3i) - 1 -1
1 + z + z2 .......... z11 = = 3
z -1 1 + 3i - 1

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é 3n - 1ù
(1 + x)1001 é(1 + x )1001 - x1001 ù
1
Þ 1- 2 ê ú< ë û
n
êë 2.3 úû 100 =
(1 + x )1001
é 3n - 1ù 1
Þ 1- ê ú<
n
êë 3 úû 100 = [(1 + x)1001 - x1001 ]
1 1 Now coeff of x 50 in above expansion is equal
Þ 1 -1 + n < Þ 100 < 3n to coeff of x50 in (1 + x)1001 which is 1001C50
3 100
Thus, least value of n is 5 (1001)!
80. (c) According to Question =
50!(951)!
S
Þ 5' = 49 {here, S5 = Sum of first 5 terms 82. (b) Let a, b, c, d be four numbers of the sequence.
S5
Now, according to the question b2 = ac and c – b = 6 and a

and S5 = Sum of their reciprocals) –c=6
a(r 5 - 1) Also, given a = d
(r - 1)
Þ = 49
a -1 (r -5 - 1) éa +bù
\ b2 = ac Þ b 2 = a ê (Q 2c = a + b)
(r -1
- 1) ë 2 úû
Þ a2 – 2b2 + ab = 0
a ( r 5 - 1) ´ ( r -1 - 1)
Þ = 49 Now, c – b = 6 and a – c = 6,
a -1 ( r -5 - 1) ´ ( r - 1) gives a – b = 12
a 2 (1 - r 5 ) ´ (1 - r ) ´ r 5 Þ b = a – 12
or = 49
(1 - r 5 ) ´ (1 - r ) ´ r \ a2 – 2b2 + ab = 0
Þ a2r4 = 49 Þ a2r4 = 72 Þ a2 – 2(a – 12)2 + a(a – 12) = 0
Þ a2 – 2a2 – 288 + 48a + a2 – 12a = 0
Þ ar 2 = 7 ...(i)
Þ 36a = 288 Þ a = 8
Also, given, S1 + S3 = 35
Hence, last term is d = a = 8.
a + ar2 = 35 ...(ii)
Now substituting the value of eq. (i) in eq. (ii) 83. (d) The given relation can be written as
a + 7 = 35 (a2p2 – 2abp + b2) + (b2p2 + c2 – 2bpc) +
(c2p2 + d2 – 2pcd) £ 0
a = 28
or (ap – b)2 + (bp – c)2 + (cp – d)2 £ 0 ...(i)
81. (d) Let given expansion be
Since a, b, c, d and p are all real, the inequality (i) is possible
S = (1 + x)1000 + x (1 + x)999 + x2 (1 + x)998 + ...
only when each of factor is ero.
+ ... + x1000
i.e., ap – b = 0, bp – c = 0 and cp – d = 0
Put 1 + x = t
S = t1000 + xt999 + x2 (t)998 + ... + x1000 b c d
or p= = =
x a b c
This is a G.P with common ratio or a, b, c, d are in G.P.
t
84. (c) Let a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, ar5 be six terms of a G.P. where
é æ x ö 1001 ù
t1000 ê1 - ç ÷ ú ‘a’ is first term and r is common ratio.
ètø
ëê ûú According to given conditions, we have
S= x ar3 – a = 5 Þ a(r3 – 1) = 52 ...(i)
1-
t and a + ar + ar2 = 26
Þ a (1 + r + r2) = 26 ...(ii)
é æ x ö 1001 ù
(1 + x)1000 ê1 - ç ú To find: a (1 + r + r2 + r3 + r4 + r5)
÷
êë è 1 + x ø úû Consider
=
1-
x a[1 + r + r2 + r3 + r4 + r5]
1+ x = a [1 + r + r2 + r3 (1 + r + r2)]

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= a[1 + r + r2] [1 + r3] ...(iii) \ Coefficient of xn

Divide (i) by (ii), we get x n = b n + ab n -1 + a 2 b n - 2 + ....... + a n -1b + a n
r3 -1 a
=2, {which is a G.P. with r =
1+ r + r 2 b
we know r3 – 1 = (r – 1) (1 + r + r2) n +1 ù
é
\ r – 1 = 2 Þ r = 3 and a = 2 b n ê1 - æç a ö÷ ú
\ a (1+ r + r2 + r3 + r4 + r5) = a (1 + r + r2) (1 + r3) ë è bø û
\ Its sum is = }
= 2(1 + 3 + 9) (1 + 27) = 26 × 28 = 728 a
1-
85. (b) ATQ, b
a + ar = 12 …(i)
ar2 + ar3 = 48 …(ii) bn+1 - an+1 bn +1 - a n +1
= \ an =
b-a b-a
ar 2 (1 + r ) 48
Þ = Þ r2 = 4, Þ r = –2 a+b
a(1 + r ) 12 89. (b) Let two numbers be a and b then =9
(Q terms are alternately + ve and –ve) 2
Þ a = –12 Þ a + b = 18 and ab = 4 Þ ab = 16
86. (b) Let the series a, ar, ar 2 , ..... are in geometric \ Equation with roots a and b is
progression. x 2 - (a + b ) x + ab = 0 Þ x 2 - 18 x + 16 = 0
Given that, a = ar + ar2
90. (b) Let a = first term of G.P. and r = common ratio of G.P.;
Þ 1= r + r2 Þ r2 + r – 1 = 0 Then G.P. is a, ar, ar2
-1 ± 1 - 4 ´ -1 -1 ± 5 a
Þ r= = Given S ¥ = 20 Þ = 20
2 2 1- r
Þ a = 20(1 – r) ... (i)
5 -1
Þ r= [Q terms of G.P. are positive Also a2 + a2r2 + a2r4 + ... to ¥ =100
2
\ r should be positive] a2 [20(1 - r)]2
Þ 2
= 100 Þ = 100 [from (i)]
10 1- r 1- r2
æ 2k p 2k p ö
87. (d) å çè sin + i cos ÷
k =1 11 11 ø 400(1 - r)2
Þ = 100 Þ 4(1 - r) = 1 + r
(1 - r)(1 + r)
10
æ 2k p 2k p ö
= i å ç cos - i sin ÷ [Qeiq = cosq + i sinq] Þ 1 + r = 4 – 4r Þ 5r = 3 Þ r = 3/5.
è 11 11 ø
k =1 91. (b) Q a4 = 2 Þ ar4 = 2
2k p ì 10 - 2k p i ü Now, a ´ ar ´ ar 2 ´ ar 3 ´ ar 4 ár 5 ´ ar 6 ´ ar 7 ´ ar 8
10 - ï ï
= i í å e 11 - 1ý
i
= iå e 11 = a9 r36 = (ar4)9 = 29 = 512
k =1 ïî k =0 ïþ
3
92. (c) sin2 2q + cos4 2q =
é 2p 4p ù 4
- i - i
= ê
i 1 + e 11 + e 11 + ....11 terms ú - i 3
ê ú Þ 1 – cos2 2q + cos4 2q =
ë û 4
( )
é 1
2 p 11 ù Þ cos2 2q(1 – cos2 2q) = ...(i)
ê1 - - 11 ú é 1 - e - 2p i ù 4
= iê e ú - i =i ê ú
2p - i
ê 2p ê - iú Q G.M. £ A.M.
- i ú
ëê 1 - e 11 ûú ë1 - e 11 û
2
æ cos 2 2q + (1 - cos 2 2q ö
=i×0–i [Q e -2 pi
= 1] \ (cos2 2q)(1 – cos2 2q) £ ç ÷
è 2 ø
=–i
1
88. (d) (1 - ax) -1 (1 - bx) -1 = ...(ii)
4
= (1 + ax + a 2 x 2 + ...)(1 + bx + b 2 x 2 + ...) So, from equation (i) and (ii), we get.

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G.M. = A.M.
Þ y ³ 2 1- 3y
It is possible only if,
cos2 2q = 1 – cos2 2q Þ y2 ³ 4 - 4 3y
1 1 Þ y2 + 4 3y - 4 ³ 0
Þ cos2 2q = Þ cos 2q = ±
2 2
Þ y £ -2 3 - 4 or y ³ -2 3 + 4
p 3p p 3p p
Þ q= , \ Sum = + =
8 8 8 8 2 ( y £ -2 3 - 4 is not possible as tan A tan B > 0)
93. (39) 96. (b) x + y + z = 12
Let m arithmetic mean be A1, A2 ... Am and G1, G2, G3 be AM > GM
geometric mean. æ xö æ yö æ zö
3ç ÷ + 4 ç ÷ + 5 ç ÷
3 4 5
æxö æ yö æ zö
The A.P. formed by arithmetic mean is, è3ø è 4ø è5ø > 12 ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
3, A1, A2, A3, .......Am, 243 12 è3ø è 4ø è5ø
243 - 3 240 x3 y 4 z 5
\d= = <1
m +1 m +1 33 4 4 55
The G.P. formed by geometric mean
x3 y4 z5 < 33 .44 .55
3, G1, G2, G3, 243
1
x3 y4 z5 < (0.1) (600)3
æ 243 ö 3+1 But, given x3 y4 z5 = (0.1) (600)3
r =ç = (81)1/ 4 = 3
è 3 ÷ø \ all the number are equal
Q A4 = G2 x y z
\ = = (= k)
3 4 5
æ 240 ö
Þ 3+ 4ç = 3(3)2
è m + 1÷ø x = 3k; y = 4k; z = 5k
x + y + z = 12
960 3k + 4k + 5k = 12
Þ 3+ = 27 Þ m + 1 = 40 Þ m = 39.
m +1 k=1
\ x = 3; y = 4; z = 5
94. (d) A.T.Q.,
\ x3 + y3 + z3 = 216
A.M. = 5 G.M.
97. (a) G = ab
a+b
= 5 ab
2 1 1
+
a+b M= a b
= 10 2
ab
a+b
a 10 + 96 10 + 4 6 M=
\ = = 2ab
b 10 - 96 10 - 4 6
1
Use Componendo and Dividendo Given that :G = 4 :5
M
a +b 20 5 5 6
= = = 2ab 4
a -b 8 6 2 6 12 =
(a + b) ab 5
tan A + tan B
95. (b) tan (A + B) =
1 - tan A tan B a+b 5
Þ =
1 y 2 ab 4
Þ = where y = tan A + tan B
3 1 - tan A tan B
Þ tan A tan B = 1 – 3y a + b + 2 ab 5+ 4
Þ =
a + b - 2 ab 5- 4
Also AM > GM
{Using Componendo & Dividendo}
tan A + tan B
Þ ³ tan A tan B
2

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M-114 Mathematics
¥
( a )2 + ( b ) 2 + 2 ab 1 1
Þ =
9 99. (d) x = å an =
1- a
Þ a = 1-
x
( a ) + ( b ) - 2 ab
2 2
1 n=0
¥
1 1
æ b + aö
2
9 b+ a 3 y= å bn = 1 - b Þ b = 1-
y
Þç ÷ = Þ = n =0
è b - aø 1 b- a 1
¥ 1
1
b+ a+ b- a 3 +1
z= å cn = 1 - c Þ c = 1-
z
n =0
Þ = {Using
b+ a- b+ a 3 -1 a, b, c are in A.P. Þ 2b = a + c
Componendo & Dividendo} æ 1ö 1 1
2 ç1 - ÷ = 1 - + 1 -
è yø
x z
b 4
= =2 2 1 1
a 2 = + Þ x, y, z are in H.P..
y x z
b 4 -b c
= 100. (d) ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a + b = , ab =
a 1 a a
1 1
a 1 ATQ, a + b = 2 + 2
= Þa:b=1:4 a b
b 4
b2
2c
98. (d) Q a1, a2, a3.....an are in H.P. 2 2 -
a +b b a2 a
a+b = Þ- =
1 1 1 1 a 2 b2 a c2
\ , , .... are in A.P.
a1 a2 a3 an a2
On simplification 2a 2 c = ab 2 + bc 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
\ a - a = a - a =..........= - = d (say) Þ
2a c b
= + [Divide both side by abc]
2 1 3 2 an an -1 b a c
a2 - a3 c a b
a1 - a2 Þ , , are in A.P..
Then a1a2 = , a2 a3 = , a b c
d d
a b c
an -1 - an \ , , & are in H.P..
..........., an -1an = c a b
d 101. (b) The given series is
Adding all equations, we get
1 + (1 - 22 ×1) + (1 - 42 × 3) + (1 - 62 × 5) + ...(1 - 202 ×19)
\ a1a2 + a2 a3 + ......... + an-1an
10
a1 - a2 a2 - a3 a -a S = 1 + å [1 - (2r ) 2 (2r - 1)]

= + + .... + n -1 n r =1
d d d
10 10
1 a -a = 1 + å (1 - 8r 3 + 4r 2 ) = 1 + 10 - å (8r 3 - 4r 2 )
= [a1 - a2 + a2 - a3 + .... + an -1 - an ] = 1 n r =1 r =1
d d
2
æ 10 ´ 11ö æ 10 ´ 11 ´ 21ö
1 1 = 11 - 8 ç + 4´ç
Also, = + (n - 1)d
an a1 è 2 ÷ø è 6
÷ø
= 11 - 2 ´ (110)2 + 4 ´ 55 ´ 7
a -a
Þ 1 n = (n - 1)d
a1an = 11 - 220(110 - 7)
= 11 - 220 ´ 103 = a - 220b
a1 - an
Þ = (n - 1)a1an
d Þ a = 11, b = 103
Which is the required result. \ (a, b) = (11, 103)

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102. (a) Given : f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y), "x, y Î R, f (1) = 2 20

S40 = [2 ´ 7 + (19)10] = 10[14 + 190]
2
Þ f (2) = f (1) + f (1) = 2 + 2 = 4
= 10[2040] = (102)(20)
f (3) = f (1) + f (2) = 2 + 4 = 6 Þ m = 20
f (n - 1) = 2(n - 1) é 1ù é 2ù é n -1ù
106. (b) Q [ x ] + ê x + ú + ê x + ú .... ê x + = [nx]
ë nû ë nû ë n úû
n -1
Now, g (n) = å f (k ) and [x] + [– x] = – 1 (x Î z)
k =1
é 1ù é 1 ù é 1 99 ù
\ êë - 3 úû + êë- 3 - 100 úû + ... + êë - 3 - 100 úû
= f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + .... f (n - 1)
= 2 + 4 + 6 + ..... + 2 (n – 1) ìé 1 ù é 1 é 1 99 ù ü
1 ù
= – 100 – í ê ú + ê + ú + ... ê + ý
= 2[1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + (n - 1)] îë û ë
3 3 100 û ë 3 100 úû þ
(n - 1)(n) é100 ù
=2´ = n2 - n = – 100 – ê
ë 3 úû
= – 133
2
Q g (n) = 20 (given) 107. (c) rth term of the series,
(2 r + 1)(13 + 23 + 33 + ... + r 3 )
So, n2 - n = 20 Tr =
12 + 22 + 32 + ... + r 2
Þ n2 - n - 20 = 0
2
æ r (r + 1) ö 6 3r (r + 1)
Þ (n - 5)(n + 4) = 0 Tr = (2r + 1) ç ÷ ´ r (r + 1)(2r + 1) =
è 2 ø 2
Þ n = 5 or n = – 4 (not possible)
10
3 10
é 7 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) ù 1 é 7 ù \ sum of 10 terms is = S = å Tr = 2 å (r 2 + r )
103. (504) ê å ú ê å (2n + 3n + n) ú
3 2 r =1 r =1
ëê n =1 4 ûú 4 êë n=1 ûú
3 ì10 ´ (10 + 1)(2 ´10 + 1) 10 ´11ü
= í + ý
2î 2 þ
1 é æ 7.8 ö æ 7.8.15 ö 7.8 ù
2 6
= 4 ê 2 ç 2 ÷ + 3ç 6 ÷ + 2 ú
ëê è ø è ø ûú
3
= ´ 5 ´ 11´ 8 = 660
2
1
Þ [2 ´ 49 ´16 + 28 ´15 + 28] 13 + 23 13 + 23 + 33
4 108. (a) Let, S = 1 + + + ...15 terms
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3
1
= [1568 + 420 + 28] = 504 2
4 æ n(n + 1) ö
1 + 2 + ...n
3 3 ç 3 ÷ n(n + 1)
=è
104. (1540) Given series can be written as 2 ø
Tn = =
1 + 2 + ...n n(n + 1) 2
20
k (k + 1) 1 20 2 2
å 2
= å (k + k )
2 k =1
k =1
1 æ 15 2 15 ö 1 æ 15(16)(31) 15(16) ö
S = ç å n + å n ÷÷ = ç + ÷
1 é 20(21)(41) 20(21) ù
Now, 2 çè n=1 n =1 ø 2 è 6 2 ø
= ê +
2ë 6 2 úû = 680
1 é 420 ´ 41 20 ´ 21ù 1 \ required sum is, 680 -
1 15(16)
= 680 - 60 = 620
= ê + = [2870 + 210] = 1540
2ë 6 2 úû 2 2 2
109. (b) 1 + 2.3 + 3.5 + 4.7 + ........
105. (a) S = 3{
+ 4 + 8{
+ 9 + 13
12 +3
14 + 18
123+ 19.....40 terms
Let, S = (2.3 + 3.5 + 4.7 + .......)
( )
10 10
Now, S10 = å ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) = å 2n + 3n + 1
S = 7 + 17 + 27 + 37 + 47 + ..... 20 terms 2
n =1 n =1

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M-116 Mathematics
2 n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) 3n ( n + 1) 1 2
= + +n = [1 + 22 + ... + 112 - 1]
6 2 4
Put n = 10 1 é11(11 + 1)(2 ´ 11 + 1) ù
- 1ú
4 êë
=
=
2.10.11.21 3.10.11
+ + 10 = 945
6 û
6 2
1 é11 ´12 ´ 23 ù
- 1ú
4 êë
Hence required sum of the series = 1 + 945 = 946
6 û
110. (d) Number of balls used in equilateral triangle
1
n (n + 1) = [505]
= 4
2
Q side of equilateral triangle has n-balls 505 12
A= ´ = 303
\ no. of balls in each side of square is = (n – 2) 4 5

According to the question, 3 3 3
æ 3 ö æ 3ö æ 9 ö 3
113. (b) S = ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + (3) + ...
n ( n + 1) è 4 ø è 2ø è 4 ø
+ 99 = ( n - 2 )
2
2 3 3 3 3
Þ n2 + n + 198 = 2n2 – 8n + 8 æ 3 ö æ 6 ö æ 9 ö æ 12 ö
S = ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ...
è 4 ø è 4 ø è 4ø è 4 ø
Þ n2 – 9n – 190 = 0 Þ (n –19) (n + 10) = 0
Þ n = 19 Let the general term of S be
Number of balls used to form triangle 3
æ 3r ö
Tr = ç ÷ , then
n ( n + 1) 19 ´ 20 è 4ø
= = = 190
2 2
3 15
æ 3ö
15
20
1 255K = å Tr = çè 4 ÷ø å r 3
111. (c) Let, S = å k . 2k r =1 r =1
k =1
2
27 æ 15 ´ 16 ö
1 1 1 1 255K = ´ç ÷
S = + 2. 2 + 3. 3 + .... + 20. 20 ...(i) 64 è 2 ø
2 2 2 2
Þ K = 27
1 1 1 1 1
S = 2 + 2. 3 + .... + 19 20 + 20 21 ...(ii)
2 2 2 2 2 9(12 + 22 + 32 ) 12(12 + 22 + 32 + 42 )
114. (d) S = 1 + 6 + +
On subtracting equations (ii) by (i), 7 9
S æ1 1 1 1 ö 1 15(12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52 )
= + + + .... + 20 ÷ - 20 21 + +K
2 çè 2 22 23 2 ø 2 11
3 × (1)2 6 × (12 + 22 ) 9 × (12 + 22 + 32 )

1æ 1 ö S= + + +
1-
2 çè 220 ÷ø
3 5 7
1 1 1
- 20. 21 = 1 - 20 - 10. 20
= 1 2 2 2 12 × (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 )
1- +K
2 9
S 1 1 11 Now, nth term of the series,
= 1 - 11. 20 Þ S = 2 - 11. 19 = 2 - 19
2 2 2 2 3n × (12 + 2 2 + K + n 2 )
tn =
k (k + 1) (2n + 1)
112. (c) Q 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k =
2
3n × n ( n + 1)(2n + 1) n3 + n 2
Þ tn = =
k (k + 1) k + 1 6(2 n + 1) 2
\ Sk = =
2k 2
1 ìïæ n(n + 1) ö n(n + 1)(2n + 1) üï
2
Þ
5 1
A = [2 2 + 33 + ... + 112 ] \ Sn = Stn = 2 íçè 2 ÷ø + ý
12 4 ïî 6 ïþ

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f(2) = 7
n(n + 1) æ n(n + 1) 2n + 1ö
= ç + ÷ Þ f(3) = 12
4 è 2 3 ø
Sn = 3 + 7 + 12 + .........+ tn
Hence, sum of the series upto 15 terms is, Sn = 3 + 7 + 12 + .........+ tn–1 + tn
– – – – – –
15 ´ 16 ì15 ×16 31 ü
S15 = í + ý 0 = 3 + 4 + 5 .........to n term – tn
4 î 2 3þ tn = 3 + 4 + 5 + .... upto n terms
(n 2 + 5n)
tn =
31 2
= 60 ´ 120 + 60 ´
3
(n 2 + 5n)
Sn = å tn = å
= 7200 + 620 = 7820 2

Sn= 1 é n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 5n(n + 1) ù
2 ´ 2r - 1 +
115. (d) The general term of the given series = , 2 êë 6 2 úû
2r
where r ³ 0 n(n + 1)(n + 8)
=
19
2 ´ 2 -1
r
6
\ req. sum = 1 + å 2r
r =1 10 ´11 ´18
S10 = = 330
19 æ 2 ´ 2 -1ö
r 19 6
æ 1ö
Now, åç 2r
÷= å çè 2 - 2r ÷ø
r =1 è ø r =1
n ( n + 1)
1 æ æ1ö ö
19 19 2
ç1 - ç ÷ ÷ æ1ö 118. (a) Tn =
ç ÷ -1 æ n ( n + 1) ö
2
2 ç è 2 ø ÷ø
= 2(19) - è = 38 + è ø
2 ç ÷
1 1 è 2 ø
1-
2
19 19 2
æ1ö æ1ö Þ Tn =
= 38 + ç ÷ - 1 = 37 + ç ÷ n ( n + 1)
è2ø è2ø
19 19
æ1ö æ1ö n
æ1 1 ö
å Tn = 2 å çè n - n + 1 ÷ø = 2 ìíî1 - n + 1üýþ
\ req. sum = 1 + 37 + ç ÷ = 38 + ç ÷ 1
Þ Sn =
è2ø è2ø n =1
116. (a) Here, B – 2A
40 20 40 20
= å an - 2å a n = å a n - 2å an
2n
Þ Sn =
n =1 n =1 n =21 n =1 n +1
B – 2A = (212 + 2.222 + 232 + 2.242 + ..... + 402) Q 100 Sn = n
– (12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 ..... + 202)
= 20 [22 + 2.24 + 26 + 2.28 + ..... + 60] 2n
Þ 100 ´ =n
n +1
é + 24 + 26....60) + (24 + 28 + .... + 60) ù
= 20 ê(22
14442444 3 144 42444 3ú Þ n + 1 = 200
ë 20 terms 10 terms û
Þ n = 199
é 20 10 ù 119. (b) Q
20 ê (22 + 60) + (24 + 60) ú
ë2 2 û 3 éë1 + 25 + 81 + 69 + ......ùû = 435 3
= 10[20.82 + 10.84]
= 100[164 + 84] = 100.248 Þ 3 [1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + ..... + Tn ] = 435 3
117. (b) f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
n
f(1) = a + b + c = 3 Þ f (1) = 3 Þ 3 ´ éë 2 + ( n - 1)4 ùû = 435 3
2
Now f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy ...(i)
Þ 2n + 4n2 – 4n = 870
Put x = y = 1 in eqn (i)
Þ 4n2 – 2n – 870 = 0
f(2) = f(1) + f(1) + 1 = 2f(1) + 1

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M-118 Mathematics
Þ 2n2 – n – 435 = 0 5
1 é1 1 ù k
1 ± 1 + 4 ´ 2 ´ 435 1 ± 59 å Tr = -
3 êë 6 6.7.8 úû 3
=
n = = r =1
4 4
1 1æ 1ö k 1 1 55 k
1 + 59 1 - 59 Þ ´ ç1 - ÷ = Þ ´ ´ =
\ n= = 15; or n = = 14.5 3 6 è 56 ø 3 3 6 56 3
4 4
2 2 2 2 2 55
æ 8 ö æ 12 ö æ 16 ö æ 20 ö æ 44 ö Þ k=
120. (d) ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷ ... + ç ÷ 336
è5ø è 5 ø è 5 ø è 5 ø è 5 ø
å ( r 2 - r - 6 ) = 7780
20
S=
25 (
16 2 2 2
2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 112 ) 124. (d)
r =16
16 æ 11(11 + 1)(22 + 1) ö 16 16 125. (a) Given that 109 + 2. (11)(10)8 + 3(11)2 (10)7 + ... + 10(11)9
= - 1÷ = ´ 505 = ´101
25 çè 6 ø 25 5 9 8 2 7
= k(10)9
9
Let x = 10 + 2.(11)(10) + 3(11) (10) + ... + 10(11)
16 16 ...(i)
Þ m = ´101
5 5 11
Multiplied by on both the sides
Þ m = 101. 10
121. (a) S = (1 + x)2016 + x (1 + x)2015 + x2(1 + x)2014 11
+.....+ x2015 (1 + x) + x2016 ...(i) x = 11.108 + 2.(11)2.(10)7 + ...+ 9(11)9 + 1110 ...(ii)
10
æ x ö Subtract (ii) from (i), we get
ç ÷ S = x (1 + x)2015 + x2 (1 + x)2014 + ..... +
è 1+ x ø æ 11ö
x ç1 - ÷ = 109 + 11 (10)8 + 112 × (10)7 + ... + 119 – 1110
x2017 è 10 ø
x2016 + ...(ii)
1+ x
é æ 11 ö10 ù
Subtracting (i) from (ii) ê ç ÷ - 1ú
x 9 ê è 10 ø ú - 1110
Þ - = 10 ê ú
S x 2017 10 11
= (1 + x)2016 – ê -1 ú
1+ x 1+ x 10
ëê ûú
\ S = (1 + x)2017 – x2017 x 10 10 10 10
Þ - = (11 - 10 ) - 11 = -10
2017! 10
a17 = coefficient of x17 = 2017C17 = Þ x = 1011 = k.109 Given
17!2000!
Þ k = 100
2 126. (b) Let a, d and 2n be the first term, common difference
é n(n + 1) ù and total number of terms of an A.P. respectively i.e. a
êë 2 úû 1
122. (d) nth term of series = 2
= (n + 1) 2 + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ... + (a + (2n – 1)d )
n 4 No. of even terms = n, No. of odd terms = n
Sum of odd terms :
1 1
Sum of n term = S (n + 1) = éë Sn + 2Sn + n ùû
2 2
n
4 4 So = [2a + (n - 1)(2d )] = 24
2
1 é n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 2n(n + 1) ù Þ n [a + (n – 1) d ] = 24 ...(i)
+ + nú
4 êë
=
6 2 û Sum of even terms :
Sum of 9 terms n
Se = [ 2(a + d ) + (n - 1)2d ] = 30
1 é 9 ´ 10 ´ 19 18 ´ 10 ù 384 2
+ + 9ú = = 96
4 êë Þ n [a + d + (n – 1) d] = 30
= ...(ii)
6 2 û 4
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
123. (c) General term of given expression can be written as
nd = 6 ...(iii)
1é 1 1 ù 21
Tr = ê -
3 ë n(n + 1)(n + 2) (n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) úû
Also, given that last term exceeds the first term by
2
on taking summation both the side, we get 21
a + (2n – 1) d = a +
2

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21
2nd – d = é 1 æ æ 1ö öù
20
2 ê ç 1 - çè ÷ø ÷ ú
21 7ê 10 è 10 ø ú
Þ 2´6- =d (Q nd = 6) = ê 20 - ú
9ê 1
2 1- ú
3 ê 10 ú
d= ë û
2
Putting value of d in equation (3)
7 é179 1 æ 1 ö ù
20
7
6´2 = ê + ç ÷ ú = [179 + (10)–20]
n= =4 9 ëê 9 9 è 10 ø ûú 81
3
Total no. of terms = 2n = 2 × 4 = 8 129. (a) Consider 12 + 32 + 52 + ...... + 252
127. (a) nth term of given series is nth term Tn = (2n – 1)2, n = 1,...... 13
13 13
2n + 1 6
n ( n + 1)(2 n + 1)
=
n(n + 1)
Now, Sn = å Tn = å (2n - 1) 2
n =1 n =1
6
13 13 13
é1
term, an = 6 ê -
nth
1 ù = å 4n 2 + å 1 - å 4n = 4 å n 2 + 13 - 4 å n
+ 1úû
Let n =1 n =1 n =1
ë n n
Sum of 20 terms, S20 = a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + a20 é n (n + 1) (2 n + 1) ù n( n + 1)
= 4ê úû + 13 - 4
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö ë 6 2
S20 = 6 çè - ÷ø + 6 çè - ÷ø + 6 çè - ÷ø + ... Put n = 13, we get
1 2 2 3 3 4
Sn = 26 × 14 × 9 + 13 – 26 × 14
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö
+6 ç - ÷ + 6 ç - ÷ + 6 ç - ÷ = 3276 + 13 – 364 = 2925.
è 18 19 ø è 19 20 ø è 20 21ø 130. (c) 22 + 2(4)2 + 3(6)2 + ...... upto 10 terms
= 22 [13 + 23 + 33 + ...... upto 10 terms]
éæ 1ö æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö
S20 = ê çè1 - 2 ÷ø + çè 2 - 3 ÷ø + çè 3 - 4 ÷ø + ... 2
êë æ 10 ´ 11 ö
= 4.ç ÷ = 12100
è 2 ø
æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 öù
+ç - ÷ +ç - ÷ +ç - ÷ú 131. (c) Given sum is
è 18 19 ø è 19 20 ø è 20 21ø ûú
3 5 7
+ + + .....
æ 1 ö 120 12 12 + 22 12 + 22 + 32
S20 = 6 ç1 - ÷ = .....(i)
è 21ø 21 nth term = Tn
k 2n + 1 6
Given that S20 = .....(ii) = =
21 n ( n + 1) (2n + 1) n( n + 1)
On comparing (i) and (ii), we get 6
k = 120
é1 1 ù
or Tn = 6 ê -
128. (c) Let S =
7 77 777
+ + + ...¼+ up to 20 terms ë n n + 1 úû
10 100 103
1 1 6n 6
é 1 11 111 ù
\ Sn = å Tn = 6 å
n
-6å = -
n +1 n n +1
= 7ê + + 3 +¼... + up to 20 termsú
ë10 100 10 û 6 6n
Multiply and divide by 9 =6- =
n +1 n +1
7 é 9 99 999 ù So, sum upto 11 terms means
= + + + ...¼up to 20 termsú
9 êë10 100 1000 û 6 ´ 11 66 33 11
S11 = = = =
11 + 1 12 6 2
éæ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 1 öù
7 êç1 - ÷ + ç1 - 2 ÷ + ç1 - 3 ÷ ú
= è 10 ø è 10 ø è 10 øú
9ê
êë +¼...up to 20 terms úû

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M-120 Mathematics
1 2 1
132. (c) Tr = = \ 15th term =
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + r r ( r + 1) 15 + 16
Thus, given series upto 15 terms is
é r +1
10 10
1 r ù
S10 = 2 å =2å ê -
r =1 r ( r + 1) r =1 ë r ( r + 1) r ( r + 1) úû 1
+
1
+
1
+ ...... +
1
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4 15 + 16
10
æ1 1 ö
= 2å ç - ÷
This can be re-written as
r =1 è r r + 1 ø
1- 2 2- 3 3- 4 15 - 16
+ + + ...... +
éæ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 öù -1 -1 -1 -1
= 2 êç - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ç - ÷ + ... + ç - ÷ ú
ëè 1 2 ø è 2 3 ø è 3 4 ø è 10 11 ø û (By rationaliation)
é 1ù 10 20
= 2 ê1 - ú = 2 ´ = = -1 + 2 - 2 + 3 - 3 + 4 + ..... - 14 + 15
ë 11 û 11 11
- 15 + 16
133. (b) nth term of the given series = -1 + 16 = -1 + 4 = 3
= Tn = ( n - 1) + ( n - 1) n + n 2
2
Hence, the required sum = 3
137. (a) The sum of the given series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52
((n - 1)3 - n3 )
= = n3 - (n - 1)3 2m ( 2m + 1)
2
(n - 1) - n + 2.62 + ........ + 2(2m)2 is = m ( 2m + 1)
2
n 2
Þ Sn = å éëk 3 - ( k - 1)3 ùû Þ 8000 = n3 2 6 10 14
138. (a) Let S = 1 + + + + + .......¥ ....(i)
k =1
3 32 33 34
Þ n = 20 which is a natural number.
Hence, both the given statements are true. 1
Multiplying both sides by , we get
and statement 2 is correct explanation for statement 1. 3
134. (c) If n is odd, the required sum is 1 1 2 6 10
S = + 2 + 3 + 4 + ........¥ ....(i)
12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + ..... + 2 (n – 1)2 + n2 3 3 3 3 3
=
( n - 1)( n - 1 + 1) 2 + n2 (Q n - 1 is even ) Subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i), we get
2 2 1 4 4 4
S = 1 + + 2 + 3 + 4 + ........¥
æ n - 1 ö 2 n (n + 1)
2 3 3 3 3 3
=ç + 1÷ n =
è 2 ø 2 2 4 4 4 4
Þ S = + 2 + 3 + 4 + ........¥
4 10 28 3 3 3 3 3
135. (c) Given series is 1 + + + + .... n terms 4
3 9 27
2 4 3
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1 ö Þ S = 3 = ´ Þ S =3
= 1 + ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ + ç1 + ÷ + .... n terms 3
1-
1 3 2
è 3 ø è 9 ø è 27 ø 3
= (1 + 1 + 1 + .... + n terms)
x 2 x3
æ1 1 1 ö 139. (d) We know that ex = 1 + x + + + ........¥
+ç + + + ....n terms ÷ 2! 3!
è 3 9 27 ø Put x = – 1
1æ 1ö
1- \ e–1 = 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 ........¥
3 çè 3n ÷ø 1 3
= n+ = n + ´ [1 - 3- n ] 2! 3! 4!
1 3 2
1- 1 1 1 1
3 \ e–1 = - + - ........¥
2! 3! 4! 5!
1 -n 1 1
= n + [1 - 3 ] = n + - 140. (d) We know that
2 2 2.3n
e x + e- x x 2 x 4 x6
1 1 1 = 1+ + + .............
136. (c) Given series is + + + ..... 2 2! 4! 6!
1+ 2 2+ 3 3+ 4
1
1 Putting x = , we get
nth term = 2
n + n +1

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1 -1
1 1 1 e2 + e 2 Q n Cr = n Cn - r
1+ + + + ......¥ =
4.2! 16.4! 64.6! 2 tn n
\ =
1 Sn 2
e+
= e = e +1
1 1 1
2 2 e 144. (a) Let S = - + ...............¥
1.2 2.3 3.4
141. (b) We know that
1 æ1 1 ö
x x 2 x3 Tn = =ç - ÷
ex = 1 + + + .....¥ n(n + 1) è n n + 1 ø
1! 2! 3!
1 1 1 æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 1ö
\ e = 1 + + + + ....... \ S = ç - ÷ - ç - ÷ + ç - ÷ - ç - ÷ .....
1! 2! 3! è 1 2ø è 2 3ø è 3 4 ø è 4 5ø
-1 1 1 1 é1 1 1 1 ù
and e = 1 - + - + ....... = 1 - 2 ê - + - ................¥ú
1! 2! 3! ë2 3 4 5 û
é 1 1 ù
\ e + e -1 = 2 ê1 + + + ....ú é x 2 x3 x 4 ù
ë 2! 4! û êQ log(1 + x) = x - + - + .......¥ ú
ë 2 3 4 û
1 1 1 e + e -1 æ4ö
\ + + + ...... = -1 = 1 - 2[- log(1 + 1) + 1] = 2log 2 - 1 = log ç ÷ .
2! 4! 6! 2 èeø
e 2 + 1 - 2e (e - 1)2 3 3 3 3
145. (a) 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + ........+ 9 3
= =
2e 2e = 13 + 23 + 33 +.......+ 93 – 2(23 + 43 + 63 + 83)
142. (b) If n is odd, the required sum is é æ n(n + 1) ö ù
2
12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.4 2 + ...... + 2.( n - 1)2 + n 2 êQ Sn3 = ç ÷ ú
ë è 2 ø û
(n - 1)(n - 1 + 1) 2
= + n2
[ ]
2
é 9 ´10 ù 3 3 3 3 3
2 =ê ú - 2.2 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
[Q (n–1) is even ë 2 û
\ using given formula for the sum of
2
(n–1) terms.] é4´5ù
= (45) 2 - 16.ê ú = 2025 – 1600 = 425
æ n - 1 ö 2 n (n + 1)
2 ë 2 û
=ç + 1÷ n =
è 2 ø 2 146. (b) Let P = 21/4.2 2/8.23/16.........¥
= 21 / 4 + 2 / 8 + 3 / 16+..........¥
1 1 1 1
143. (d) Sn = + + + .... +
n n n n
C0 C1 C2 Cn
Now, let S = 1 + 2 + 3 + ........¥ ......(i)
0 1 2 n 4 8 16
tn = + + + .... + ...(i)
n n n n
C0 C1 C2 Cn 1 1 2
S = + + ........¥ ......(ii)
n n -1 n-2 0 2 8 16
tn = n
+ + + .... + n ...(ii) Subtracting (ii) from (i)
Cn n Cn-1 n Cn- 2 C0
1 1 1 1
Adding (i) and (ii), we get, Þ S = + + + ........¥
2 4 8 16
é 1 1 1 ù
2tn = (n) ê n + n + .... n ú = nSn 1 a 1/ 4 1
or S= = = Þ S =1
ëê C0 C1 Cn ûú
2 1 - r 1 - 1/ 2 2
\ P = 2S = 2

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M-122 Mathematics
10
Straight Lines and
Pair of Straight Lines
5. A triangle has a vertex at (1, 2) and the mid points of the

Distance Formula, Section two sides through it are (–1, 1) and (2, 3). Then the centroid
Formula, Results of Triangle, of this triangle is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
Locus, Equation of Locus, Slope of
TOPIC Ć a Straight Line, Slope of a line æ 7ö æ1 ö æ1 ö æ1 5ö
joining two points, Parallel and (a) ç1, ÷ (b) ç , 2 ÷ (c) ç ,1÷ (d) ç , ÷
Perpendicular Lines è 3ø è3 ø è3 ø è 3 3ø
6. Let O(0, 0) and A(0, 1) be two fixed points. Then the locus
1. A triangle ABC lying in the first quadrant has two vertices as of a point P such that the perimeter of DAOP is 4, is :
[April 8, 2019 (I)]
A(1, 2) and B(3, 1). If ÐBAC = 90°, and ar (DABC ) = 5 5 sq.
(a) 8x2 – 9y2 + 9y = 18 (b) 9x2 – 8y2 + 8y = 16
units, then the abscissa of the vertex C is:
(c) 9x2 + 8y2 – 8y = 16 (d) 8x2 + 9y2 – 9y = 18
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
7. Two vertices of a triangle are (0, 2) and (4, 3). If its
(a) 1 + 5 (b) 1 + 2 5 (c) 2 + 5 (d) 2 5 - 1 orthocentre is at the origin, then its third vertex lies in
2. If the perpendicular bisector of the line segment oining which quadrant? [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
the points P (1, 4) and Q (k, 3) has y-intercept equal to – 4, (a) third (b) second
then a value of k is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (c) first (d) fourth
8. Let the orthocentre and centroid of a triangle be A(–3, 5)
(a) – 2 (b) – 4 (c) 14 (d) 15 and B(3, 3) respectively. If C is the circumcentre of this
3. If a DABC has vertices A(–1, 7), B(–7, 1) and C(5, –5), then triangle, then the radius of the circle having line segment
its orthocentre has coordinates : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] AC as diameter, is : [2018]
æ 3 3ö 5 3 5
(a) ç - , ÷ (b) (–3, 3) (a) 2 10 (b) 3 (c) (d) 10
è 5 5ø 2 2
9. A square, of each side 2, lies above the x-axis and has one
æ3 3ö
(c) ç , - ÷ (d) (3, –3) vertex at the origin. If one of the sides passing through the
è5 5ø origin makes an angle 30 with the positive direction of the
x-axis, then the sum of the x-coordinates of the vertices of
æ3 ö the square is : [Online April 9, 2017]
4. Let A(l, 0), B(6, 2) and C ç , 6÷ be the vertices of a triangle
è2 ø
(a) 2 3 - 1 (b) 2 3 - 2 (c) 3 - 2 (d) 3 - 1
ABC. If P is a point inside the triangle ABC such that the
10. A ray of light is incident along a line which meets another
triangles APC, APB and BPC have equal areas, then the
line, 7x – y + 1 = 0, at the point (0, 1). The ray is then
length of the line segment reflected from this point along the line, y + 2x = 1. Then the
æ 7 1ö equation of the line of incidence of the ray of light is :
PQ, where Q is the point çè - , - ÷ø , is ¾¾¾. [Online April 10, 2016]
6 3
(a) 41x – 25y + 25 = 0 (b) 41x + 25y – 25 = 0
[NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] (c) 41x – 38y + 38 = 0 (d) 41x + 38y – 38 = 0

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Straight Lines and Pair of Straight Lines M-123
11. Let L be the line passing through the point P(1, 2) such
(a) (3x + 1) 2 + (3 y ) 2 = a 2 - b 2
that its intercepted segment between the co-ordinate axes
is bisected at P. If L1 is the line perpendicular to L and (b) (3x - 1) 2 + (3 y ) 2 = a 2 - b 2
passing through the point (–2, 1), then the point of
intersection of L and L1 is : [Online April 10, 2015] (c) (3x - 1) 2 + (3 y ) 2 = a 2 + b 2
æ 4 12 ö æ 3 23ö
(a) çè , ÷ø (b) çè , ÷ø (d) (3x + 1) 2 + (3 y ) 2 = a 2 + b 2
5 5 5 10
19. A triangle with vertices (4, 0), (–1, –1), (3, 5) is [2002]
æ 11 29 ö æ 3 17 ö (a) isosceles and right angled
(c) çè , ÷ø (d) çè , ÷ø
20 10 10 5 (b) isosceles but not right angled
(c) right angled but not isosceles
æ 8ö
12. The points çè 0, ÷ø , (1, 3) and (82, 30) : (d) neither right angled nor isosceles
3
[Online April 10, 2015] Various Forms of Equation of a
TOPIC n Line
(a) form an acute angled triangle.
(b) form a right angled triangle.
20. Let 墰: R ® R be defined as
(c) lie on a straight line.
(d) form an obtuse angled triangle. ì 5 æ 1ö
ï x sin çè x ÷ø + 5 x , x < 0
2
13. The x-coordinate of the incentre of the triangle that has
the coordinates of mid points of its sides as (0, 1) (1, 1) and ïï
(1, 0) is : [2013] f ( x) = í 0, x=0
ï
(a) 2 + 2 (b) 2 - 2 (c) 1 + 2 (d) 1 - 2 æ 1 ö
ï x 5 cos ç ÷ + lx 2 , x > 0
ïî è xø
14. A light ray emerging from the point source placed at P( l, 3)
is reflected at a point Q in the axis of x. If the reflected ray The value of l for which 墰" (0) exists, is ______.
passes through the point R (6, 7), then the abscissa of Q is: [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
[Online April 9, 2013] 21. Let C be the centroid of the triangle with vertices (3, –1),
7 5 (1, 3) and (2, 4). Let P be the point of intersection of the
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) lines x + 3y – 1 = 0 and 3x – y + 1 = 0. Then the line passing
2 2
through the points C and P also passes through the point:
15. Let A (h, k), B(1, 1) and C (2, 1) be the vertices of a right
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
angled triangle with AC as its hypotenuse. If the area of
the triangle is 1square unit, then the set of values which 'k' (a) (–9, –6) (b) (9, 7) (c) (7, 6) (d) (–9, –7)
can take is given by [2007] 22. Slope of a line passing through P(2, 3) and intersecting
(a) {–1, 3} (b) {–3, –2} (c) {1, 3} (d) {0, 2} the line x + y = 7 at a distance of 4 units from P, is:
16. If a vertex of a triangle is (1, 1) and the mid points of two [April 9, 2019 (I)]
sides through this vertex are (–1, 2) and (3, 2) then the
1- 5 7 -1 5 -1
centroid of the triangle is [2005] (a) (b) 1 - 7 (c) (d)
1+ 5 1+ 7 7 +1 5 +1
æ 7ö æ -1 7 ö æ 7ö
(a) ç - 1, ÷ (b) ç , ÷ (c) ç1, ÷ (d) æç , ö÷
1 7 23. A point on the straight line, 3x + 5y = 15 which is
è 3ø è 3 3 ø è 3 ø è3 3ø equidistant from the coordinate axes will lie only in :
17. If the equation of the locus of a point equidistant from the [April 8, 2019 (I)]
(a) 4th quadrant (b) 1st quadrant
point (a1, b1 ) and (a2, b2 ) is
(c) 1st and 2nd quadrants (d) 1st, 2nd and 4th quadrants
(a1 - b2 ) x + (a1 - b2 ) y + c = 0 , then the value of c is 24. Two vertical poles of heights, 20 m and 80 m stand apart
on a horiontal plane. The height (in meters) of the point
[2003]
of intersection of the lines oining the top of each pole to
1 2 the foot of the other, from this horiontal plane is :
(a) a12 + b12 - a 2 2 - b2 2 (b) a2 + b2 2 - a12 - b12
2 [April 08, 2019 (II)]
1 2 (a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 12 (d) 16
(c) a12 - a2 2 + b12 - b2 2 (d) ( a1 + a2 2 + b12 + b2 2 ) 25. If a straight line passing through the point P(–3, 4) is such
2
that its intercepted portion between the coordinate axes is
18. Locus of centroid of the triangle whose vertices are
bisected at P, then its equation is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
(a cos t , a sin t ), (b sin t , - b cos t ) and (1, 0), where t is a (a) 3x – 4y + 25 = 0 (b) 4x – 3y + 24 = 0
parameter, is [2003] (c) x – y + 7 = 0 (d) 4x + 3y = 0

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M-124 Mathematics
26. If in a parallelogram ABDC, the coordinates of A, B and C 34. The point (2, 1) is translated parallel to the line L : x – y = 4
are respectively (1, 2), (3, 4) and (2, 5), then the equation of by 2 3 units. If the new points Q lies in the third quadrant,
the diagonal AD is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
then the equation of the line passing through Q and
(a) 5x – 3y + 1 = 0 (b) 5x + 3y – 11 = 0
perpendicular to L is : [Online April 9, 2016]
(c) 3x – 5y + 7 = 0 (d) 3x + 5y – 13 = 0
27. A point P moves on the line 2x – 3y + 4 = 0. If Q(1, 4) and (a) x + y = 2 - 6 (b) 2x + 2y = 1 - 6
R(3, –2) are fixed points, then the locus of the centroid of
DPQR is a line: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] (c) x + y = 3 - 3 6 (d) x + y = 3 - 2 6
3 35. A straight line L through the point (3, – 2) is inclined at
(a) with slope (b) parallel to x-axis
2 an angle of 60 to the line 3 x + y = 1. If L also
2 intersects the x-axis, then the equation of L is :
(c) with slope (d) parallel to y-axis [Online April 11, 2015]
3
28. If the line 3x + 4y – 24 = 0 intersects the x-axis at the point (a) y + 3x+2–3 3 = 0
A and the y-axis at the point B, then the incentre of the
triangle OAB, where O is the origin, is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] (b) 3y+x–3+2 3 =0
(a) (3, 4) (b) (2, 2) (c) (4, 3) (d) (4, 4) (c) y – 3x+2+ 3 3 = 0
29. A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3) intersects the
coordinate axes at distinct points P and Q. If O is the origin (d) 3 y – x + 3 + 2 3 = 0
and the rectangle OPRQ is completed, then the locus of R 36. The circumcentre of a triangle lies at the origin and its
is : [2018] centroid is the mid point of the line segment oining the
(a) 2x + 3y = xy (b) 3x + 2y = xy points (a2 + 1, a2 + 1) and (2a, – 2a), a ¹ 0. Then for any a,
the orthocentre of this triangle lies on the line:
(c) 3x + 2y = 6xy (d) 3x + 2y = 6
30. In a triangle ABC, coordianates of A are (1, 2) and the (a) y – 2ax = 0
equations of the medians through B and C are x + y = 5 and
x = 4 respectively. Then area of D ABC (in sq. units) is (b) y – (a2 + 1)x = 0
[Online April 15, 2018] (c) y + x = 0
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 4 (d) (a – 1)2x – (a + 1)2y = 0
31. Two sides of a rhombus are along the lines, x – y + 1 = 0 37. If a line intercepted between the coordinate axes is trisected
and 7x – y – 5 = 0. If its diagonals intersect at (–1, –2), then at a point A(4, 3), which is nearer to x-axis, then its equation
which one of the following is a vertex of this rhombus? is: [Online April 12, 2014]
[2016] (a) 4x – 3y = 7 (b) 3x + 2y = 18
(c) 3x + 8y = 36 (d) x + 3y = 13
æ1 8ö æ 10 7 ö
(a) ç , - ÷ (b) ç - , - ÷ 38. Given three points P, Q, R with P(5, 3) and R lies on the
è 3 3ø è 3 3ø x-axis. If equation of RQ is x – 2y = 2 and PQ is parallel to
(c) (–3, –9) (d) (–3, –8) the x-axis, then the centroid of DPQR lies on the line:
32. A straight line through origin O meets the lines 3y = 10 – 4x [Online April 9, 2014]
and 8x + 6y + 5 = 0 at points A and B respectively. Then O (a) 2x + y – 9 = 0 (b) x – 2y + 1 = 0
divides the segment AB in the ratio : (c) 5x – 2y = 0 (d) 2x – 5y = 0
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 3 : 4 39. A ray of light along x + 3 y = 3 gets reflected upon
33. If a variable line drawn through the intersection of the reaching x-axis, the equation of the reflected ray is [2013]
x y x y (a) y = x + (b) 3y = x –
lines + = 1 and + = 1 , meets the coordinate axes 3 3
3 4 4 3
at A and B, (A ¹ B) , then the locus of the midpoint of AB
(c) y = 3x - 3 (d) 3y = x -1
is : [Online April 9, 2016] 40. Let A (–3, 2) and B (–2, 1) be the vertices of a triangle ABC.
(a) 7xy = 6 (x + y) If the centroid of this triangle lies on the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0,
(b) 4 (x + y)2 – 28 (x + y) + 49 = 0 then the vertex C lies on the line :
(c) 6xy = 7 (x + y) [Online April 25, 2013]
(d) 14 (x + y)2 – 97 (x + y) + 168 = 0 (a) 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 (b) 3x + 4y + 3 = 0
(c) 4x + 3y + 3 = 0 (d) 3x + 4y + 5 = 0

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41. If the extremities of the base of an isosceles triangle are the 49. A straight line through the point A (3, 4) is such that
points (2a, 0) and (0, a) and the equation of one of the its intercept between the axes is bisected at A. Its equation
sides is x = 2a, then the area of the triangle, in square units, is [2006]
is : [Online April 23, 2013] (a) x + y = 7 (b) 3x - 4 y + 7 = 0
2
5 2 5 2 25a (c) 4 x + 3 y = 24 (d) 3 x + 4 y = 25
(a) a (b) a (c) (d) 5a2
4 2 4 50. The line parallel to the x- axis and passing through the
42. If the x-intercept of some line L is double as that of the line, intersection of the lines ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and
3x + 4y = 12 and the y-intercept of L is half as that of the bx – 2ay – 3a = 0, where (a, b) ¹ (0, 0) is [2005]
same line, then the slope of L is : [Online April 22, 2013]
3
(a) – 3 (b) – 3/8 (c) – 3/2 (d) – 3/16 (a) below the x - axis at a distance of from it
43. If the line 2x + y = k passes through the point which divides 2
the line segment oining the points (1,1) and (2,4) in the 2
ratio 3 :2, then k equals : [2012] (b) below the x - axis at a distance of from it
3
29 11
(a) (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3
5 5 (c) above the x - axis at a distance of from it
44. The line parallel to x-axis and passing through the point of 2
intersection of lines ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and bx – 2ay – 3a = 0, 2
where (a, b) ¹ (0, 0) is [Online May 26, 2012] (d) above the x - axis at a distance of from it
3
(a) above x-axis at a distance 2/3 from it
51. The equation of the straight line passing through the point
(b) above x-axis at a distance 3/2 from it
(4, 3) and making intercepts on the co-ordinate axes whose
(c) below x-axis at a distance 3/2 from it
sum is –1 is [2004]
(d) below x-axis at a distance 2/3 from it
45. If the point (1, a) lies between the straight lines x y x y
(a) - = 1 and + =1
x + y = 1 and 2(x + y) = 3 then a lies in interval 2 3 -2 1
x y x y
(b) - = -1 and + = -1
æ3 ö æ 3ö æ 1ö 2 3 -2 1
(a) ç , ¥ ÷ (b) ç1, ÷
è2 ø è 2ø
(c) ( -¥, 0 ) (d) ç 0, ÷
è 2ø
x y x y
46. If the straight lines x + 3y = 4, 3x + y = 4 and x + y = 0 form (c) + = 1 and + = 1
2 3 2 1
a triangle, then the triangle is [Online May 7, 2012]
(a) scalene x y x y
(d) + = -1 and + = -1
(b) equilateral triangle 2 3 -2 1
(c) isosceles 52. Let A(2, - 3) and B ( -2, 3) be vertices of a triangle ABC.
(d) right angled isosceles If the centroid of this triangle moves on the line
47. If A (2, – 3) and B (– 2, 1) are two vertices of a triangle and
2 x + 3 y = 1, then the locus of the vertex C is the line
third vertex moves on the line 2 x + 3 y = 9, then the locus
[2004]
of the centroid of the triangle is : [2011RS]
(a) 3x - 2 y = 3 (b) 2 x - 3 y = 7
(a) x - y = 1 (b) 2 x + 3 y = 1
(c) 3x + 2 y = 5 (d) 2 x + 3 y = 9
(c) 2 x + 3 y = 3 (d) 2 x - 3 y = 1
53. Locus of mid point of the portion between the axes of
2 x x cos a + y sina = p whre p is constant is [2002]
48. If (a, a ) falls inside the angle made by the lines y = ,
2 4
(a) x2 + y2 = (b) x2 + y2 = 4p2
x > 0 and y = 3x , x > 0 , then a belong to [2006] p2
æ1 ö æ 1ö
(a) æç 0, ö÷ (b) (3, ¥)
1 1 1 2 1 1 4
(c) ç , 3÷ (d) ç - 3, - ÷ (c) + = (d) 2
+ 2
=
è 2ø è 2 ø è 2ø x 2
y 2
p 2 x y p2

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M-126 Mathematics
59. If the two lines x + (a–1) y = 1 and 2x + a2y =1 (a Î R – {0,1})

Distance Between two Lines, Angle are perpendicular, then the distance of their point of
Between two Lines and Bisector of intersection from the origin is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
the Angle Between the two Lines, 2 2 2 2
Perpendicular Distance of a Point (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5
TOPIC Đ from a Line, Foot of the
Perpendicular, Position of a Point 60. A rectangle is inscribed in a circle with a diameter lying
with Respect to a Line, Pedal along the line 3y = x + 7. If the two adacent vertices of the
Points, Condition for Concurrency rectangle are (–8, 5) and (6, 5), then the area of the rectangle
of Three Lines (in sq. units) is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) 84 (b) 98 (c) 72 (d) 56
54. Let L denote the line in the xy-plane with x and y intercepts 61. Suppose that the points (h, k), (1, 2) and (– 3, 4) lie on the
as 3 and 1 respectively. Then the image of the point (–1, – 4) line L1. If a line L2 passing through the points (h, k) and
(4, 3) is perpendicular on L1, then equals :
in this line is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]

[April 08, 2019 (II)]
æ 11 28 ö æ 29 8 ö 1
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷ 1
è5 5 ø è 5 5ø (a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) –
7
æ 8 29 ö æ 29 11 ö 62. If the straight line, 2x – 3y + 17 = 0 is perpendicular to the
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷ line passing through the points (7, 17) and (15, b), then b
è5 5 ø è 5 5ø
equals : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
1 2 35 35
55. If the line, 2x – y + 3 = 0 is at a distance and from (a) (b) –5 (c) - (d) 5
5 5 3 3
the lines 4x – 2y + a = 0 and 6x – 3y + b = 0, respectively, 63. Two sides of a parallelogram are along the lines, x + y = 3
then the sum of all possible value of a and b is ______. and x – y + 3 = 0. If its diagonals intersect at (2, 4), then
[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] one of its vertex is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
56. The locus of the mid-points of the perpendiculars drawn (a) (3, 5) (b) (2, 1) (c) (2, 6) (d) (3, 6)
from points on the line, x = 2y to the line x = y is: 64. Consider the set of all lines px + qy + r = 0 such that
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] 3p + 2q + 4r = 0. Which one of the following statements is
(a) 2x – 3y = 0 (b) 5x – 7y = 0 true? [Jan. 9, 2019 (I)]
(c) 3x – 2y = 0 (d) 7x – 5y = 0 æ3 1ö
(a) The lines are concurrent at the point ç , ÷ .
57. A straight line L at a distance of 4 units from the origin è4 2ø
makes positive intercepts on the coordinate axes and the
(b) Each line passes through the origin.
perpendicular from the origin to this line makes an angle
(c) The lines are all parallel.
of 60o with the line x + y = 0. Then an equation of the line
L is: [April 12, 2019 (II)] (d) The lines are not concurrent.
65. Let the equations of two sides of a triangle be
(a) x + 3 y = 8 3x – 2y + 6 = 0 and 4x + 5y – 20 = 0. If the orthocentre
of this triangle is at (1, 1), then the equation of its third
(b) ( 3 + 1) x + ( 3 - 1) y = 8 2 side is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(c) 3x + y = 8 (a) 122y – 26x – 1675 = 0
(b) 122y + 26x + 1675 = 0
(d) None of these
(c) 26x + 61y + 1675 = 0
58. Lines are drawn parallel to the line 4x – 3y + 2 = 0, at a
(d) 26x – 122y – 1675 = 0
3 66. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin, on
distance from the origin. Then which one of the
5 the line, 3x + y = l(l ¹ 0) is P. If the line meets x-axis at A and
following points lies on any of these lines ? y-axis at B, then the ratio BP : PA is
[April 10, 2019 (II)] [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) 9 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 9 (d) 3 : 1
æ 1 2ö æ 1 1ö
(a) ç - , ÷ (b) ç , - ÷ 67. The sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to the lines,
è 4 3ø è 4 3ø x – y + 2 = 0 and 7x – y + 3 = 0. If the diagonals of the
rhombus intersect at P(1, 2) and the vertex A (different
æ1 1ö æ 1 2ö from the origin) is on the y-axis, then the ordinate of A is
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç - , - ÷
è 4 3ø è 4 3ø [Online April 15, 2018]
7 7 5
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
4 2 2

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68. Let a, b, c and d be non-ero numbers. If the point of 76. Consider the straight lines
intersection of the lines 4ax + 2ay + c = 0 and 5bx + 2by + d L1 : x – y = 1
=0 lies in the fourth quadrant and is equidistant from the L2 : x + y = 1
two axes then [2014] L3 : 2x + 2y = 5
(a) 3bc – 2ad = 0 (b) 3bc + 2ad = 0 L4 : 2x – 2y = 7
(c) 2bc – 3ad = 0 (d) 2bc + 3ad = 0 The correct statement is [Online May 26, 2012]
69. Let PS be the median of the triangle vertices
P(2, 2), Q(6, –1) and R(7, 3). The equation of the line (a) L1 P L4 , L2 P L3 , L1 intersect L4.
passing through (1, –1) and parallel to PS is: [2014] (b) L1 ^ L2 , L1 P L3 , L1 intersect L2.
(a) 4x + 7y + 3 = 0 (b) 2x – 9y – 11 = 0
(c) 4x – 7y – 11 = 0 (d) 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 (c) L1 ^ L2 , L2 P L3 ,L1 intersect L4.
70. If a line L is perpendicular to the line 5x – y = 1, and the area (d) L1 ^ L2 , L1 ^ L3 , L2 intersect L4.
of the triangle formed by the line L and the coordinate axes
77. If a, b, c Î R and 1 is a root of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,

is 5, then the distance of line L from the line x + 5y = 0 is:
then the curve y = 4ax2 + 3bx + 2c, a ¹ 0 intersect x-axis at
7 5 7 5 (a) two distinct points whose coordinates are always
(a) (b) (c) (d) rational numbers
5 13 13 7
71. If the three distinct lines x + 2ay + a = 0, x + 3by + b = 0 and (b) no point
x + 4ay + a = 0 are concurrent, then the point (a, b) lies on (c) exactly two distinct points
a: [Online April 12, 2014] (d) exactly one point
(a) circle (b) hyperbola 78. Let L be the line y = 2x, in the two dimensional plane.
(c) straight line (d) parabola [Online May 19, 2012]
72. The base of an equilateral triangle is along the line given Statement 1: The image of the point (0, 1) in L is the point
by 3x + 4y = 9. If a vertex of the triangle is (1, 2), then the æ 4 3ö.
length of a side of the triangle is: [Online April 11, 2014] ç , ÷
è5 5ø
2 3 4 3 4 3 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) æ 4 3ö
15 15 5 5 Statement 2: The points (0, 1) and ç , ÷ lie on opposite
è5 5ø
73. If the image of point P(2, 3) in a line L is Q(4, 5), then the
sides of the line L and are at equal distance from it.
image of point R(0, 0) in the same line is:
(a) (2, 2) (b) (4, 5) (c) (3, 4) (d) (7, 7)
74. Let q1 be the angle between two lines 2x + 3y + c1 = 0 and (c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
– x + 5y + c2 = 0 and q2 be the angle between two lines a correct explanation for Statement 1.
2x + 3y + c1 = 0 and – x + 5y + c3 = 0, where c1, c2, c3 are any (d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
real numbers :
79. If two vertices of a triangle are (5, –1) and (–2, 3) and its
Statement-1: If c2 and c3 are proportional, then q1 = q2. orthocentre is at (0, 0), then the third vertex is
Statement-2: q1 = q2 for all c2 and c3. [Online May 12, 2012]
[Online April 23, 2013] (a) (4, – 7) (b) (– 4, – 7) (c) (– 4, 7) (d) (4, 7)
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is 80. If two vertical poles 20 m and 80 m high stand apart on a
a correct explanation of Statement-1. horiontal plane, then the height (in m) of the point of
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is intersection of the lines oining the top of each pole to the
not a correct explanation of Statement-1. foot of other is [Online May 7, 2012]
(c) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true. (a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 50 (d) 15
(d) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. 81. The point of intersection of the lines
75. If the three lines x – 3y = p, ax + 2y = q and (a3 + 3)x + ay + a – 3 = 0 and
ax + y = r form a right-angled triangle then : (a5 + 2)x + (a + 2)y + 2a + 3 = 0 (a real) lies on the y-axis for
[Online April 9, 2013] [Online May 7, 2012]
(a) a2 – 9a + 18 = 0 (b) a2 – 6a – 12 = 0 (a) no value of a (b) more than two values of a
(c) a2 – 6a – 18 = 0 (d) a2 – 9a + 12 = 0 (c) exactly one value of a (d) exactly two values of a

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M-128 Mathematics
89. A square of side a lies above the x-axis and has one vertex
82. The lines x + y = a and ax – y = 1 intersect each other in
at the origin. The side passing through the origin makes an
the first quadrant. Then the set of all possible values of a
in the interval : [2011RS] æ pö
angle aç 0 < a < ÷ with the positive direction of x-axis. The
è 4ø
(a) ( 0, ¥ ) (b) [1, ¥) (c) ( -1, ¥) (d) ( -1,1) equation of its diagonal not passing through the origin is
83. The lines L1 : y – x = 0 and L2 : 2x + y = 0 intersect the line [2003]
L3 : y + 2 = 0 at P and Q respectively. The bisector of the
(a) y (cos a + sin a ) + x(cos a - sin a ) = a
acute angle between L1 and L2 intersects L3 at R. [2011]
Statement-1: The ratio PR : RQ equals 2 2 : 5 (b) y (cos a - sin a ) - x(sin a - cos a ) = a
Statement-2: In any triangle, bisector of an angle divides (c) y (cos a + sin a ) + x(sin a - cos a ) = a
the triangle into two similar triangles. (d) y (cos a + sin a ) + x (sin a + cos a ) = a
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
not a correct explanation for Statement-1.

(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
TOPIC Ė Pair of Straight Lines
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
90. The equation y = sin x sin (x + 2) – sin 2 (x + 1) represents
a straight line lying in : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) second and third quadrants only
84. The lines p(p2 +1)x – y + q = 0 and (b) first, second and fourth quadrant
(p2 + 1)2x + (p2 + 1)y + 2q = 0 are perpendicular to a common (c) first, third and fourth quadrants
line for : [2009] (d) third and fourth quadrants only
(a) exactly one values of p 91. If one of the lines of my2 + (1– m2) xy – mx2= 0 is a bisector
(b) exactly two values of p of the angle between the lines xy = 0, then m is [2007]
(c) more than two values of p (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1/2 (d) –2
(d) no value of p 92. If one of the lines given by
85. The shortest distance between the line y – x = 1 and the
6 x 2 - xy + 4cy 2 = 0 is 3x + 4y = 0, then c equals [2004]
curve x = y2 is : [2009]
(a) –3 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 1
2 3 3 2 3 3 2 93. If the sum of the slopes of the lin es given by
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 5 4 8
x 2 - 2cxy - 7 y 2 = 0 is four times their product c has the
86. The perpendicular bisector of the line segment oining
P (1, 4) and Q(k, 3) has y-intercept –4. Then a possible value [2004]
value of k is [2008] (a) –2 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) – 4 94. If the pair of straight lines x 2 - 2 pxy - y 2 = 0 and
87. Let P = (–1, 0), Q = (0, 0) and R = (3, 3 3 ) be three point.
x 2 - 2qxy - y 2 = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle
The equation of the bisector of the angle PQR is [2007]
between the other pair, then [2003]
3 (a) pq = –1 (b) p = q (c) p = –q (d) pq = 1.
(a) x+ y = 0 (b) x + 3 y = 0
2 95. The pair of lines represented by
3ax2 + 5xy + (a2 – 2)y2 = 0
3
(c) 3x + y = 0 (d) x + y=0 are perpendicular to each other for [2002]
2 (a) two values of a (b) " a
88. If x1, x2 , x3 and y1 , y2 , y3 are both in G.P. with the same (c) for one value of a (d) for no values of a
common ratio, then the points ( x1, y1 ), ( x 2 , y 2 ) and 96. If the pair of lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
intersect on the y-axis then [2002]
( x3 , y3 ) [2003] (a) 2fgh = bg2 + ch2 (b) bg2 ¹ ch2
(a) are vertices of a triangle (c) abc = 2fgh (d) none of these
(b) lie on a straight line
(c) lie on an ellipse
(d) lie on a circle.

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1. (b) Let DABC be in the first quadrant
1
Slope of line AB = - 3. (b)
A(–1, 7)
2
Slope of line AC = 2
Length of AB = 5 Q P
R
Y C
B(–7, 1) S C(5, –5)
90
A (1
,2)
6 1
B (3,1) mBC = =-
X -12 2
\ Equation of AS is y - 7 = 2( x + 1)
It is given that ar(DABC) = 5 5 y = 2x + 9 ...(i)
1 12
\ AB × AC = 5 5 Þ AC = 10 mAC = = -2
2 -6
1
\ Coordinate of vertex C = (1 + 10cos q, 2 + 10sin q) \ Equation of BP is y - 1 = ( x + 7)
2
1 2 x 9
Q tan q = 2 Þ cos q = , sin q = y= + ...(ii)
5 5 2 2
From equs. (i) and (ii),
\ Coordinate of C = (1 + 2 5, 2 + 4 5) x+9
2x + 9 =
2
\ Abscissa of vertex C is 1 + 2 5.
Þ 4 x + 18 = x + 9
æ k + 1 7ö Þ 3x = 9 Þ x = -3
(b) Mid point of line segment PQ be ç
è 2 2 ÷ø
2. , .
\y =3
\ Slope of perpendicular line passin g th rough
4. (5) P will be centroid of DABC
7
+4
æ k + 1 7ö 15 æ 17 8 ö
(0, –4) and ç , ÷ = 2 = P ç , ÷ Þ PQ = (4)2 + (3) 2 = 5
è 2 2ø k +1 k +1 è 6 3ø
-0
2
5. (b) From the mid-point formula co-ordinates of vertex B
4-3 1
Slope of PQ = = and C are B (– 3, 0) and C (3, 4).
1- k 1- k
Now, centroid of the triangle
15 1
\ ´ = -1 æ 3- 3+1 0 + 4 + 2 ö æ1 ö
1+ k 1- k G ºç , ÷ Þ G º ç ,2÷
è 3 3 ø è3 ø
1 - k 2 = -15 Þ k = ±4.

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M-130 Mathematics
A (1 2) 8. (b) Since Orthocentre of the triangle is A(–3, 5) and

centriod of the triangle is B(3, 3), then
AB = 40 = 2 10
(–1 1) (2 3) A B C
Centroid divides orthocentre and circumcentre of the
triangle in ratio 2 : 1
\ AB : BC = 2 : 1
B ᔴ
2
6. (c) Let point P (h, k) Now, AB = AC
3
Q OA = 1
3 3
So, OP + AP = 3 Þ AC = AB = (2 10) Þ AC = 3 10
2 2
Þ h2 + k 2 + h 2 + (k - 1)2 = 3 \ Radius of circle with AC as diametre

AC 3 5
Y = = 10 = 3
2 2 2
9. (b)
A (0 1)
P (h k) B 3 - 1, 3 + 1
1 3
–1,
C
2
X X
2
O (0 0)
Y A 3, 1
o
Þ h2 + (k – 1)2 =9+ h2 + k2 – 45
6 h2 + k 2
o
60
o
30
O
Þ 6 h2 + k 2 = 2k + 8
Þ 9h2 + 8k2 – 8k – 16 = 0
Hence, locus of point P is For A;
9x2 + 8y2 – 8y – 16 = 0 x y
o
= =2
7. (b) Since, mQR ´ mPH = –1 cos30 sin 30o
1 Þ x = 3 and y = 1
Þ mQR = - m
PH For C,
y -3 x y
Þ mQR = =0 = =2
x-4 cos120o sin120o
Þ y=3
mPQ ´ mRH = –1 Þ x = -1, y = 3
1 y For B,
Þ ´ = -1
4 x x y
= =2 2
Þ y = –4x cos 75o sin 75o
3
Þ x=- Þ x = 3 -1
4
and y = 3 + 1
æ -3 ö
Vertex R is çè , 3÷ø \ Sum = 2 3 - 2
4
Hence, vertex R lies in second quadrant. 10. (c) Let slope of incident ray be m.
\ angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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=1
2x
y+
q q
a a
7x–y+1=0
m-7 -2 - 7 9
\ = =
1 + 7m 1 - 14 13
m-7 9 m-7 9
Þ = or =- Now, x-co-ordinate of incentre is given as
1 + 7 m 13 1 + 7m 13
ax1 + bx2 + cx3
Þ 13m – 91 = 9 + 63m or 13m – 91 = – 9 – 63m

Þ 50m = –100 or 76m = 82 a+b+c
Þ x-coordinate of incentre
1 41
Þ m=– or m= 2 ´ 0 + 2 2.0 + 2.2 2
2 38 = = = 2- 2
2+ 2+ 2 2 2+ 2
1 41 14. (d) Let abcissa of Q = x
Þ y–1= – (x – 0) or y – 1 = (x – 0)
2 38
Y Q (6, 7)
i.e x + 2y – 2 = 0 or 38y – 38 – 41x = 0
Þ 41x – 38y + 38 = 0
11. (a) Equation of line L P(1, 3)
x y (180 – q)
+ =1
2 4
2x + y = 4 ...(i) q X
O Q
(x, 0)
(1, 2)
\ Q = (x, 0)
0-7 0 -3
tan q = , tan (180° - q) =
For line x-6 x -1
x – 2y = – 4 ...(ii) Now, tan (180 – q) = – tan q
solving equation (i) and (ii); we get point of intersection
-3 -7 5
æ 12 ö \ = Þ x =
ç 4 / 5, ÷ x -1 x - 6 2
è 5ø
15. (a) Given : A(l, k), B(1, 1) and C(2, 1) are vertices of a right
æ 8ö angled triangle and area of DABC = 1 square unit
12. (c) A ç 0, ÷ B (1, 3) C (89,30 )
è 3ø Y
A (1, k)
1
Slope of AB =
3
1 C (2, 1)
Slope of BC = B (1, 1)
3
O X
So, lies on same line
13. (b) From the figure, we have We know that, area of right angled triangle
1 1
a = 2, b = 2 2, c = 2 = × BC × AB = 1 = (a) | (k – 1)|
2 2
x1 = 0, x2 = 0, x3 = 2 Þ ± (k - 1) = 2 Þ k = – 1, 3

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M-132 Mathematics
16. (c) Vertex of triangle is (1, 1) and midpoint of sides through BC2 = AB2 + AC2
this vertex is (– 1, 2) and (3, 2) \ right angled triangle,
So, the given triangle is isosceles right angled .
A (1, 1)
20. (5)
ì 4 æ 1ö æ 1ö
ï5 x × sin èç x ø÷ - x cos èç x ø÷ + 10 x, x < 0
3
(-1, 2) (3, 2) ïï
f '( x ) = í 0, x=0
ï
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
ï 5 x 4 cos ç ÷ + x 3 sin ç ÷ + 2 lx, x > 0
îï è xø è xø
B C
(x1, y1) (x2, y2)
ì æ 1ö æ 1ö
ï (20 x - x )sin çè x ÷ø - 8 x cos çè x ÷ø + 10, x<0
3 2
1 + x1 1 + y1
=-1, =2
2 2 ïï
f ''( x ) = í 0, x=0
Þ B (–3, 3) ï
ï(20 x 3 - x) cos æç ö÷ + 8 x 2 sin æç ö÷ + 2l,
1 1
1 + x2 1 + y2 x>0
= 3, =2 îï è x ø è xø
2 2
Þ C (–5, 3) Now, f ''(0+ ) = f ''(0- ) Þ 2l = 10 Þ l = 5
\ Centroid is 1 - 3 + 5 , 1 + 3 + 3 21. (a) Coordinates of centroides
3 3
æ x + x + x y + y + y3 ö
æ 7ö C =ç 1 2 3, 1 2 ÷
Þ ç1, ÷ è 3 3 ø
è 3ø
17. (b) ( x - a1 ) 2 + ( y - b1 ) 2 = ( x - a2 )2 + ( y - b2 )2 æ 3 + 1 + 2 -1 + 3 + 4 ö
=ç , ÷ = (2, 2)
1 è 3 3 ø
( a1 - a2 ) x + (b1 - b2 ) y + (a2 2 + b2 2 - a12 - b12 ) = 0
2 The given equation of lines are
Comparing with given eqn. we get x + 3y – 1 = 0 ...(i)
1 3x – y + 1 = 0 ...(ii)
c = ( a2 2 + b2 2 - a12 - b12 )
2 Then, from (i) and (ii)
18. (c) We know that centroid æ 1 2ö
point of intersection P ç - , ÷
æ x + x + x y + y2 + y3 ö è 5 5ø
( x, y) = ç 1 2 3 , 1 ÷ø
è 3 3 equation of line DP
a cos t + b sin t + 1 8x – 11y + 6 = 0
x=
3 22. (b) Y
Þ a cos t + b sin t = 3 x - 1
a sin t - b cos t
y=
3
Þ a sin t - b cos t = 3 y
Squaring and adding, 4
䰘 2 ?
2 2 2
(3 x - 1) + (3 y ) = a + b 2
3
19. (a) AB = ( 4 + 1) 2 + (0 + 1) 2 = 26 ; X
䰘
BC = (3 + 1) 2 + (5 + 1) 2 = 52
Since point at 4 units from P (2, 3) will be
CA = ( 4 - 3) 2 + ( 0 - 5) 2 = 26 ; A (4 cosq + 2, 4 sinq + 3) and this point will satisfy the
Q AB = CA equation of line x + y = 7
\ Isosceles triangle
1
Q ( 26 )2 + ( 26 )2 = 52 Þ cos q + sin q =
2

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On squaring \ substitute the value of x from equation (i) to equation

3 2 tan q 3 (ii), we get
Þ sin 2q - Þ =-
4 1 + tan q
2 4 y y
+ =1
Þ 3tan2 q + 8tan q + 3 = 0 80 20
Þ y + 4y = 80 Þ y = 16 m
-8 ± 2 7
Þ tan q = (ignoring –ve sign) Hence, height of intersection point is 16 m.
6
25. (b) Since, P is mid point of MN
-8 ± 2 7 1 - 7
Þ tan q = = N(0, y)
6 1+ 7
P( 3, 4)
23. (c) A point which is equidistant from both the axes lies
M (x, 0)
on either y = x and y = – x.
Since, point lies on the line 3x + 5y = 15
Then the required point
3x + 5 y = 15 0+ x
Then, = –3
x + y = 0 2
15 Þ x = –3 ´ 2 Þ x = –6
x= -
2
y+0
and =4Þy+0=2´4Þy=8
15 æ 15 15 ö 2
y= Þ (x, y) = ç - , ÷ {2nd quadrant}
2 è 2 2ø Hence required equation of straight line MN is
3x + 5 y = 15 x y
+ = 1 Þ 4x – 3y + 24 = 0
-6 8
x–y =0
or 26. (a) Since, in parallelogram mid points of both diagonals
15
x=
8 coinsides.
\ mid-point of AD = mid-point of BC
15 æ 15 15 ö
y= Þ (x, y) = ç , ÷ {1st quadrant}
8 è8 8ø
Hence, the required point lies in 1st and 2nd quadrant.
y B (x, 80) B
24. (d)
C (0, 20) 80
æ x1 +1 y1 + 2 ö æ 3 + 2 4 + 5 ö
20
èç 2
, ÷ =ç , ÷
D 2 ø è 2 2 ø
x
O A \ (x1, y1) = (4, 7)
(x1, 0)
Then, equation of AD is,
Equations of lines OB and AC are respectively 2–7
80 y–7= (x – 4)
1– 4
y= x ...(i)
x1
5
y–7= (x – 4)
x y 3
+
x1 20 = 1 ...(ii)
3y – 21 = 5x – 20
Q equations (i) and (ii) intersect each other 5x – 3y + 1 = 0

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M-134 Mathematics
27. (c) P(h, k) 2 3

Then, the locus of R is + = 1 or 3x + 2y = xy..
x y
30. (b) Median through C is x = 4
So the x coordianate of C is 4. let C º (4, y), then the
C(a, b) midpoint of A (1, 2) and C (4, y) is D which lies on the median
through B.
A
Q(1, 4) R(3, –2)
Let centroid C be (a, b) D
1+ 3 + h
we have a = Þ h = 3a – 4 G
3
4- 2+ k B C
b= Þ k = 3b – 2
3
æ1+ 4 2 + y ö
\ Dº ç
2 ÷ø
but P(h, k) lies on 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 ,
è 2
Þ 2(3a – 4) – 3(3b – 2) + 4 = 0
Þ 6a – 9b – 8 + 6 + 4 = 0 1+ 4 + 2 + y
Now , = 5 Þ y = 3.
Þ 6a – 9b + 2 = 0 2
Locus: 6x – 9y + 2 = 0 So, C º (4, 3).
The centroid of the triangle is the intersection of the
6 2 6 2
Þ y= x + \ its slope = = mesians. Here the medians x = 4 and x + 4 and x + y = 5
9 9 9 3 intersect at G (4, 1).
28. (b) Equation of the line is: The area of triangle D ABC = 3 × D AGC
3x + 4y = 24
1
x y = 3´ [1 (1 – 3) + 4 (3 – 2) + 4(2 – 1)] = 9.
or + = 1 2
8 6
\ coordinates of A, B & O are (8, 0), (0, 6) & (0, 0) D x – y +1= 0
31. (a) C
respectively.
0
Þ OA = 8, OB = 6 & AB = 10.
5=0
+m=
\ Incentre of DOAB is given as:

O (–1,–2)
–
7x – y
7x – y
æ 8 ´ 0 + 6 ´ 8 + 10 ´ 0 8 ´ 6 + 6 ´ 0 + 10 ´ 0 ö
I ºç , ÷ º (2, 2).
è 8 + 6 + 10 8 + 6 + 10 ø
A x–y+l=0 B
29. (b) Equation of PQ is
x y Let other two sides of rhombus are
+ =1 ...(i)
h k x– y+ l = 0
and 7x –y + m = 0
then O is equidistant from AB and DC and from AD and
BC
(0, k)Q R(h, k)
\ -1 + 2 + 1 = -1 + 2 + l Þ l = – 3
(2, 3) and -7 + 2 - 5 = -7 + 2 + m Þ m = 15
\ Other two sides are x – y – 3 = 0 and
7x – y + 15 = 0
O P(h, 0) \ On solving the eqns of sides pairwise, we get
the vertices as
Since, (i) passes through the fixed point (2, 3) Then,
æ 1 -8 ö æ -7 -4 ö
ç 3 , 3 ÷ , (1, 2), ç 3 , 3 ÷ , ( -3, -6 )
2 3
+ =1
h k è ø è ø

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32. (c) Length of ^ to 4x + 3y = 10 from origin (0, 0) 3x - 1 = 0

35. (c) Given eqn of line is y +
10 Þ y = – 3x + 1
P1 = =2
5
Þ (slope) m2 = - 3
Length of ^ to 8x + 6y + 5 = 0 from origin (0, 0)
Let the other slope be m1
5 1
P2 = = m1 - (- 3)
10 2
\ tan 60 =
Q Lines are parallel to each other Þ ratio will be 4 : 1 or 1 : 4 1 + ( - 3m1 )
33. (a) L1 : 4x + 3y – 12 = 0
Þ m1 = 0, m2 = 3
L2 : 3x + 4y – 12 = 0
L1 + lL2 = 0 Since line L is passing through (3, –2)
(4x + 3y – 12) + l (3x + 4y – 12) = 0 \ y – (–2) = + 3(x - 3)
x (4 + 3l) + y (3 + 4l) – 12 (1 + l) = 0
Þ y+ 2 = 3(x - 3)
æ 12(1 + l) ö
Point A ç , 0÷ y – 3x + 2 + 3 3 = 0
è 4 + 3l ø
36. (d) Circumcentre = (0, 0)
12(1 + l) ö
Point B æç 0, ÷ æ (a + 1)2 (a - 1)2 ö
è 3 + 4l ø Centroid = ç 2 , 2 ÷
è ø
6 (1 + l )
mid point Þ h = ..... (i) We know the circumcentre (O),
4 + 3l Centroid (G) and orthocentre (H) of a triangle lie on the
6 (1 + l ) line oining the O and G.
k= ..... (ii)
3 + 4l HG 2
Also, =
Eliminate l from (i) and (ii), then GO 1
6(h + k) = 7hk
3(a + 1) 2 3( a - 1) 2
6(x + y) = 7xy Þ Coordinate of orthocentre = ,
34. (d) x – y = 4 2 2
Now, these coordinates satisfies eqn given in option (d)
To find equation of R
Hence, required eqn of line is
slope of L = 0 is 1 (a – 1)2 x – (a + 1)2 y = 0
Þ slope of QR = – 1 37. (b)
Let QR is y = mx + c
y=–x+c C(0, b)
x+y–c=0
2
distance of QR from (2, 1) is 2 3
| 2 +1- c | A(4, 3)
2 3 =
2 1
O (0, 0)
B(a, 0)
P(2,1) L=0
A divides CB in 2 : 1
(4,0)
æ 1 ´ 0 + 2 ´ a ö 2a
Þ 4 = çè ÷=
2 3 1+ 2 ø 3
x–y=4
Þ a = 6 Þ coordinate of B is B (6, 0)
Q
R æ 1´ b + 2 ´ 0ö b
3 = çè ÷=
2 6 = |3 – c| 1+ 2 ø 3
c – 3 = ±2 6 c = 3 ± 2 6 Þ b = 9 and C (0, 9)
Slope of line passing through (6, 0), (0, 9)
Line can be x + y = 3 ± 2 6 9 3
slope, m = =-
x+y=3– 2 6 -6 2

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M-136 Mathematics
-3
Equation of line y – 0 = ( x - 6) æ x - 5 y1 + 3 ö
2 Centroid, E = ç 1 , ÷
2y = –3x + 18 è 3 3 ø
3x + 2y = 18 Since centroid lies on the line
38. (d) 3x + 4y + 2 = 0
æ x -5ö æ y1 + 3 ö
\ 3ç 1 ÷ + 4ç ÷+2 = 0
è 3 ø è 3 ø
P (5, 3) Þ 3x1 + 4y1 + 3 = 0
x – 2y = 2 Hence vertex (x1, y1) lies on the line
Q (8, 3)
3x + 4y + 3 = 0
R (2, 0)
41. (b) Let y-coordinate of C = b
\ C = (2a, b)
Y
C (2a, b)
Equation of RQ is x – 2y = 2 ...(i)
at y = 0, x = 2 [R (2, 0)] B x = 2a
as PQ is parallel to x, y-coordinates of Q is also 3 (0, a)
Putting value of y in equation (i), we get
X
Q (8, 3)
O A
æ 8 + 5 + 2 3 + 3ö (2a, 0)
Centroid of DPQR = ç , ÷ = (5, 2)
è 3 3 ø
Only (2x – 5y = 0) satisfy the given co-ordinates.
39. (b) Suppose B(0, 1) be any point on given line and AB = 4 a 2 + a 2 = 5a
co-ordinate of A is ( 3, 0). So, equation of Now, AC = BC Þ b = 4a 2 + (b - a)2

Þ b2 = 4a2 + b2 + a2 – 2ab
(0, 1)
B 5a
Þ 2ab = 5a2 Þ b =
2
æ 5a ö
\ C = ç 2a , ÷
è 2 ø
A 3, 0
Hence area of the triangle
2a 0 1 2a 0 1
B' (0, –1) 1 1
= 0 a 1 = 0 a 1
2 2
-1 - 0 y -0 5a 5a
Reflected ray is = 2a 1 0 0
0- 3 x- 3 2 2
Þ 3y = x - 3 1 æ 5a ö 5a 2
= ´ 2a ç - ÷ = -
40. (b) Let C = (x1, y1) 2 è 2 ø 2
A(– 3, 2) Since area is always +ve, hence area
5a 2
= sq. unit
2
2 42. (d) Given line 3x + 4y = 12 can be rewritten as
E
3x 4 y x y
1 + =1 Þ + =1
12 12 4 3
B C
D Þ x-intercept = 4 and y-intercept = 3
(– 2, 1) (x1, y1)
æ x1 - 2 y1 + 1 ö
ç , ÷ Let the required line be
è 2 2 ø

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x y
L: + = 1 where 2(1 + y) = 3 Þ y =
3
-1 =
1
a b 2 2
a = x-intercept and b = y-intercept
æ 1ö
According to the question Thus ‘a’ lies in ç 0, ÷
è 2ø
a = 4 × 2 = 8 and b = 3/2
46. (c) Let equation of AB : x + 3y = 4
x 2y Let equation of BC : 3x + y = 4
\ Required line is + =1
8 3 Let equation of CA : x + y = 0
Þ 3x + 16y = 24 Now, By solving these equations we get
-3 24 A = (– 2, 2), B = (1, 1) and C = (2, – 2)
Þ y= x+ Now, AB = 9 + 1 = 10 ,
16 16
-3 BC = 1 + 9 = 10
Hence, required slope = .

16 and CA = 16 + 16 = 32
43. (c) Let the points be A (1,1) and B (2,4). Since, length of AB and BC are same therefore triangle is
Let point C divides line AB in the ratio 3 : 2. isosceles.
So, by section formula we have
A(2, –3)
æ 3 ´ 2 + 2 ´ 1 3 ´ 4 + 2 ´1 ö æ 8 14 ö 47. (b)
C =ç = ,
3 + 2 ÷ø çè 5 5 ÷ø
,
è 3+2
æ 8 14 ö
Since Line 2x + y = k passes through C ç , ÷
è5 5 ø
G
2 ´ 8 14
Þ + =k Þk=6 (h, k)
5 5
44. (c) Given lines are
ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and bx – 2ay – 3a = 0 B(–2, 1) C (a, b)
Since, required line is || to x-axis
æ 2 - 2 + a -3 + 1 + b ö
\x=0 Centroid (h,k) = ç , ÷
We put x = 0 in given equation, we get è 3 3 ø
\ a = 3h
3 b - 2 = 3k
2by = – 3b Þ y = -
2
b = 3k + 2
This shows that the required line is below x-axis at a
Third vertex (α, β ) lies on the line
3
distance of from it. 2x + 3 y = 9
2
45. (d) Y 2a + 3b = 9
2 ( 3h) + 3 ( 3k + 2) = 9
2h + 3k = 1
3
2x + 3 y =1
x+
48. (c) Clearly for point P,

y=
2
(0, 23 ) y
1
y = 3x
1
2
( 3 , 0)
2 掸 P(a, a )
O X
1 2 3 x
y=
x+
(1, 0)
2
y=
3
O x
2
Since, (1, a) lies between x + y = 1

2 a
and 2(x + y) = 3 a 2 - 3a < 0 and a - >0
2
\ Put x = 1 in 2 (x + y) = 3. + – +
We get the range of y. Thus, -¥ ¥
0 3

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M-138 Mathematics
+ – + 52. (d) Let the vertex C be (h, k), then the

x + x + x y + y + y3 ö
-¥ 0 1 ¥ centroid of DABC is æç 1 2 3 , 1 2 ÷
2 è 3 3 ø
Þ
1
<a<3 æ 2 - 2 + h -3 + 1 + k ö
2 =ç , ÷
è 3 3 ø
49. (c) y æ h -2 + k ö
=ç , ÷ . It lies on 2x + 3y = 1
P(0, b) è3 3 ø
2h
Þ - 2 + k = 1 Þ 2h + 3k = 9
A(3, 4) 3
Þ Locus of C is 2x + 3y = 9
53. (d) Equation of AB is Y
Q(a, 0)
O
x x cos a + y sin a = p;
x cos a y sin a B
Þ + = 1;
Q A is the mid point of PQ, p p M (x1, y1)
a+0 0+b x y
\ = 3, = 4 Þ a = 6, b = 8 Þ + =1
2 2 p / cos a p / sin a O A
X
x y So, co-ordinates of A and B are

\ Equation of line is + = 1
6 8 æ p ö æ p ö
or 4x + 3y = 24 çè , 0÷ and ç 0,
è sin a ÷ø
;
cos a ø
50. (a) The eqn. of line passing through the intersection of
lines ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and So, coordinates of midpoint of AB are
bx - 2ay - 3a = 0 is æ p p ö
M ( x1, y1) = ç
è 2cos a 2sin a ÷ø
,
ax + 2by + 3b + l (bx – 2ay – 3a) = 0 p p
Þ (a + b l ) x + (2b – 2a l )y + 3b – 3 l a = 0 x1 = & y1 = ;
2 cos a 2 sin a
Required line is parallel to x-axis.
Þ cos a = p/2x1 and sin a = p/2y1 ;
\ a + b l = 0 Þ l = – a/b
Q cos2 a + sin2 a = 1
a
Þ ax + 2by + 3b – (bx – 2ay – 3a) = 0 1 1 4
b Locus of (x1, y1) is + = .
2 2
2a 2 3a 2 x y p2
Þ ax + 2by + 3b – ax + y+ =0
b b 54. (a) The line in xy-plane is,
æ 2a 2ö
3a 2 x
y ç 2b + ÷ + 3b + =0 + y = 1 Þ x + 3y - 3 = 0
è b ø b 3
æ b2 Let image of the point (–1, –4) be (a, b), then
a2 ö æ b2 a2 ö
y ç 2 + 2 ÷ = -ç3 +3 ÷
è b ø è b ø a +1 b + y 2( -1 - 12 - 3)
= =-
1 3 10
-3(a 2 + b 2 ) -3
y= =
2(b 2 + a 2 ) 2 b + 4 16
Þ a +1 = =
So it is 3/2 units below x-axis. 3 5
x y
51. (a) Let the required line be + = 1 ....(i) 11 28
a b Þa= ,b=
5 5
then a + b = –1 Þ b = –a –1 ....(ii)
55. (30)
4 3
(i) passes through (4, 3) , Þ + = 1 L1 : 2 x - y + 3 = 0
a b
Þ 4b + 3a = ab ....(iii) a
Putting value of b from (ii) in (iii), we get L1 : 4 x - 2 y + a = 0 Þ 2 x - y + =0
2
a 2 - 4 = 0 Þ a = ±2 Þ b = -3 or 1
\ Equations of straight lines are b
L1 : 6 x - 3 y + b = 0 Þ 2 x - y + =0
x y x y 3
+ = 1 or + =1
2 -3 -2 1

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Distance between L1 and L2 ;

( 3 – 1) x + ( 3 + 1) y = 8 2
a-6 1 or ( 3 + 1) x + ( 3 – 1) y = 8 2
= Þ| a - 6 |= 2
2 5 5 58. (a) Let straight line be 4x – 3y + a = 0
Þ a = 4, 8 3
Q distance from origin =
Distance between L1 and L3 : 5
b-9 2 3 a
= Þ| b - 9 |= 6 \ = Þa=±3
3 5 5 5 5
Hence, line is 4x – 3y + 3 = 0 or 4x – 3y – 3 = 0
Þ b = 15, 3
æ 1 2ö
Sum of all values = 4 + 8 + 15 + 3 = 30. Clearly ç - , ÷ satisfies 4x – 3y + 3 = 0
è 4 3ø
56. (b) 59. (a) Q two lines are perpendicular Þ m1m2 = – 1
æ -1 ö æ -2 ö
Þ ç - ÷ ç 2 ÷ = -1
è a 1øè a ø
Þ 2 = a2(1 – a) Þ a3 – a2 + 2 = 0
Þ (a + 1) (a2 + 2a + 2) = 0 Þ a = –1
Hence equations of lines are x – 2y = 1 and 2x + y = 1
k -a æ 3 -1 ö
Since, slope of PQ =
h - 2a
=–1 \ intersection point is ç , ÷
è5 5 ø
Þ k – a = – h + 2a
9 1 10 2
h+k Now, distance from origin = + = =
Þ a= ...(i) 25 25 25 5
3
Also, 2h = 2a + b and 60. (a) Given situation
2k = a + b
Þ 2h = a + 2k x 㦨 –1
Þ a = 2h – 2k ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
B(6 5)
h+k
= 2(h - k )
3
So, locus is 6x – 6y = x + y (–1 2)
Þ 5x = 7y Þ 5x – 7y = 0
57. (b) Q perpendicular makes an angle of 60 with the line
x + y = 0.
\ the perpendicular makes an angle of 15 or 75 with
x-axis.
Q perpendicular bisector of AB will pass from centre.
\ equation of perpendicular bisector x = – 1
Hence centre of the circle is (– 1, 2)
60°
Let co-ordinate of D is (a, b)
O ᔴ a+6 b+5
Þ = -1 and =2
x졔y㦨0 2 2
Hence, the equation of line will be Þ a = – 8 and b = – 1, \ D º (– 8, – 1)
x cos 75 + y sin 75 = 4 | AD | = 6 and | AB | = 14
or x cos 15 + y sin 15 = 4 Area = 6 × 14 = 84

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M-140 Mathematics
61. (a) Q (h, k), (1, 2) and (– 3, 4) are collinear 3p + 2q + 4r = 0

3 2
h k 1 Þ p+ q+r =0 ...(ii)
1 2 1 4 4
\ = 0 Þ – 2h – 4k + 10 = 0
-3 4 1 From (i) & (ii) we get :
3 1
Þ h + 2k = 5 ...(i) \ x= ,y=
4 2
4-2 1
Now, mL1 = = - Þ mL2 = 2 [Q L1 ^ L2 ] Hence the set of lines are concurrent and passing through
-3 - 1 2
By the given points (h, k) and (4, 3), æ 3 1ö
the fixed point çè , ÷ø
4 2
k -3 k -3
mL2 = Þ = 2 Þ k - 3 = 2h - 8
h-4 h-4 20 4 x2
A x2 ,
2h – k = 5 ...(ii) 65. (d) 5
From (i) and (ii)

k 1
h = 3, k = 1 Þ =
h 3
62. (d) Q Equation of straight line can be rewritten as,
2 17
y= x+ .
3 3
\ Slope of straight line =

2 æ 3 x1 + 6 ö
çè x1 , ÷
3 2 ø
Slope of line passing through the points (7, 17) and (15, b) Since, AH is perpendicular to BC
b - 17 b - 17 Hence, mAH × mBC = –1
= =
15 - 7 8
æ 20 - 4 x2 ö
Since, lines are perpendicular to each other. –1
ç 5 ÷ 3
ç ´ = –1
Hence, m1m2 = –1 x2 - 1 ÷ 2
ç ÷
æ 2 ö æ b - 17 ö è ø
Þ çè ÷ø çè ÷ = –1 Þ b=5
3 8 ø
15 - 4 x2 2
-
63. (d) S R 5( x2 - 1) = 3
45 – 12x2 = –10x2 + 10
x–y+3=0 M(2, 4)
35
2x2 = 35 Þ x2 =
2
P (0, 3) x + y = 3 Q æ 35 ö
Þ A èç , - 10ø÷
2
Since, x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y = 3 are perpendicular lines and
intersection point of x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y = 3 is P(0, 3). Since, BH is perpendicular to CA.
Þ M is mid-point of PR Þ R(4, 5) Hence, mBH × mCA = –1
Let S(x1, x1 + 3) and Q(x2, 3 – x2) æ 3 x1 ö
+ 3 -1
M is mid-point of SQ ç 2 ÷ æ 4ö
Þ x1 + x2 = 4, x1 + 3 + 3 – x2 = 8 ç x - 1 ÷ çè - 5 ÷ø = –1
èç ø÷
1
Þ x1 = 3, x2 = 1
Then, the vertex D is (3, 6).
(3x1 + 4)
64. (a) The given equations of the set of all lines ´4 =5
2( x1 - 1)
px + qy + r = 0 ...(i)
and given condition is :

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\ Parallel equations of the diagonals are 2x + 4y – 7 = 0

æ -33ö
Þ 6x1 + 8 = 5x1 – 5 Þ x1 = –13 Þ èç -13, ÷ and 12x – 6y + 13 = 0
2 ø
-1
Þ Equation of line AB is \ slopes of diagonals are and 2.
2
Now, slope of the diagonal from A(0, c) and passing through
æ 33 ö
- + 10 P(1, 2) is (2 – c)
ç 2 ÷æ 35 ö
y + 10 = ç ç x - ø÷ \ 2 – c = 2 Þ c = 0 (not possible)
-13 - 35 ÷ è 2
çè ÷ø -1 5
\2–c= Þc=
2 2
455
Þ –61y – 610 = –13x + \ ordinate of A is
5
.
2 2
Þ –122y – 1220 = –26x + 455
68. (a) Given lines are

Þ 26x – 122y – 1675 = 0 4ax + 2ay + c = 0
66. (d) Equation of the line, which is perpendicular to the 5bx + 2by + d = 0
line, 3x + y = l(l ¹ 0) and passing through origin, is given The point of intersection will be
by
x -y 1
x -0 y -0 = =
= =r 2ad - 2bc 4ad - 5bc 8ab - 10ab
3 1
For foot of perpendicular 2(ad - bc) bc - ad
Þ x= =
-2ab ab
- ( (3´ 0) + (1´ 0) - l ) l
r= = 5bc - 4ad 4 ad - 5bc
32 + 12 10 Þ y= =
-2ab 2 ab
æ 3l l ö Q Point of intersection is in fourth quadrant so x is
So, foot of perpendicular P = ç , ÷
è 10 10 ø positive and y is negative.
Also distance from axes is same
æl ö So x = – y
Given the line meets X-axis at A = ç , 0 ÷ and meets
è3 ø (Q distance from x-axis is –y as y is negative)
Y-axis at B = (0, l)
bc - ad 5bc - 4ad
2 2 = Þ 3bc – 2ad = 0
æ 3l ö æ l ö 9l 2 81l 2 ab 2ab
So, BP = ç ÷ + ç - l ÷ Þ BP = +
è 10 ø è 10 ø 100 100 69. (d) Let P, Q, R, be the vertices of DPQR
P (2, 2)
90l 2
Þ BP =
100
2 2
æ l 3l ö æ lö
Now, PA = ç - ÷ + ç 0 - ÷
è 3 10 ø è 10 ø
Q (6, – 1) S R (7, 3)
l 2
l 2
10l 2
Since PS is the median
Þ PA + Þ PA =
900 100 900 S is mid-point of QR
Therefore BP : PA = 3 : 1 æ 7 + 6 3 - 1ö æ 13 ö
67. (d) Let the coordinate A be (0, c) So, S = ç , ÷ = ç ,1÷
è 2 2 ø è2 ø
Equations of the given lines are
x – y + 2 = 0 and 2 -1 2
7x – y + 3 = 0 Now, slope of PS = =-
13 9
We know that the diagonals of the rhombus will be parallel 2-
to the an gle bisectors of the two given lines; 2
y = x + 2 and y = 7x + 3 Since, required line is parallel to PS therefore slope of
\ equation of angle bisectors is given as: required line = slope of PS
Now, eqn. of line passing through (1, –1) and having
x- y+2 7x - y + 3
=± 2
slope - is
2 5 2 9
5x – 5y + 10 = ± (7x – y + 3)

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M-142 Mathematics
2 72. (b)
y - (-1) = - ( x - 1) P (1, 2)
9
9y + 9 = –2x + 2 Þ 2x + 9y + 7 = 0
70. (b) Let equation of line L, perpendicular to 5x – y = 1
be x + 5y = c
A C B 3x + 4y = 9
x + 5y = c
æ cö Shortest distance of a point (x1, y1) from line
B ç 0, ÷
è 5ø
ax1 + by1 - c
ax + by = c is d =
a2 + b2
O (0, 0) A(c, 0)
Now shortest distance of P (1, 2) from 3x + 4y = 9 is
3(1) + 4(2) - 9 2
PC = d = =
32 + 4 2 5
Given that area of DAOB is 5. Given that DAPB is an equilateral triangle
We know Let 'a' be its side
ì ü a
íarea, A = [ x1 ( y2 - y3 ) + x2 ( y3 - y1) + x3 ( y1 - y2 )]ý
1 then PB = a, CB =
î 2 þ 2
Now, In DPCB, (PB)2 = (PC)2 + (CB)2
1 é æ cö ù (By Pythagoras theoresm)
Þ5= cç ÷
2 êë è 5 ø úû
2
æ 2ö a2
a2 = ç ÷ +
è 5ø 4
æ æ cö ö
çQ ( x1, y1 ) = (10,0), ( x3 , y3 ) = çè 0, 5 ÷ø ÷ a2 -
a4
=
4
Þ
3a 2
=
4
ç ÷ 4 25 4 25
è ( x2 , y2 ) = (c, 0) ø
16 16 4 3 4 3
a2 = Þa= = ´ =
Þ c = ± 50 75 75 5 3 3 15
\ Equation of line L is x + 5y = ± 50 4 3
Distance between L and line x + 5y = 0 is \ Length of Equilateral triangle (a) =
15
73. (d) Mid-point of P(2, 3) and Q(4, 5) = (3, 4)
± 50 - 0 50 5
d= = = Slope of PQ = 1
12 + 52 26 13
Slope of the line L = – 1
71. (c) x + 2ay + a = 0 ...(i) Mid-point (3, 4) lies on the line L.
Equation of line L,
x + 3by + b = 0 ...(ii)
y – 4 = – 1(x – 3) Þ x + y – 7 = 0 ...(i)
x + 4ay + a = 0 ...(iii)
Let image of point R(0, 0) be S(x1, y1)
Subtracting equation (iii) from (i)
–2ay = 0 æ x1 y1 ö
ay = 0 c y = 0 Mid-point of RS = ç , ÷
è 2 2ø
Putting value of y in equation (i), we get
x+0+a=0 æx y ö
Mid-point ç 1 , 1 ÷ lies on the line (i)
x=–a è 2 2ø
Putting value of x and y in equation (ii), we get
\ x1 + y1 = 14 ...(ii)
–a+b=0 Þ a=b
Thus, (a, b) lies on a straight line y1
Slope of RS =
x1
Since RS ^ line L

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y1 78. (c) Statement - 1

\ ´ (-1) = -1
x1 Let P¢ (x1, y1) be the image of (0, 1) with respect to the
\ x1 = y1 ...(iii) line 2x – y = 0 then
From (ii) and (iii), x1 y1 - 1 -4(0) + 2(1)
= =
x1 = y1 = 7 2 -1 5
Hence the image of R = (7, 7) 4 3
Þ x1 = , y1 =
74. (a) Two lines – x + 5y + c2 = 0 and – x + 5y + c3 = 0 are 5 5
parallel to each other. Hence statement-1 is true, statement- Thus, statement-1 is true.
2 is true and statement-2 is the correct explanation of Also, statement-2 is true and correct explanation for
statement-1. statement-1.
75. (a) Since three lines x – 3y = p, 79. (b)
ax + 2y = q and ax + y = r A(5, – 1)
form a right angled triangle

\ product of slopes of any two lines = –1
Suppose ax + 2y = q and x – 3y = p are ^ to each other..
\ - a ´ 1 = -1 Þ a = 6 H
2 3 (0, 0)
Now, consider option one by one
a = 6 satisfies only option (a) B (– 2, 3) C (a, b)
\ Required answer is a 2 - 9a + 18 = 0
Let the third vertex of DABC be (a, b).
76. (d) Consider the lines
Orthocentre = H(0, 0)
L1 : x – y = 1
Let A (5, – 1) and B (– 2, 3) be other two vertices of DABC.
L2 : x + y = 1
L3 : 2x + 2y = 5 Now, (Slope of AH) × (Slope of BC) = – 1
L4 : 2x – 2y = 7 æ -1 - 0 ö æ b - 3 ö
L1 ^ L2 is correct statement Þ çè ÷ç ÷ = -1
5 - 0 ø è a + 2ø
(Q Product of their slopes = – 1)
L1 ^ L3 is also correct statement Þ b – 3 = 5 (a + 2) ...(i)
(Q Product of their slopes = – 1) Similarly,
Now, L2 : x + y = 1 (Slope of BH) × (Slope of AC) = – 1
L4 : 2x – 2y = 7 æ 3ö æ b + 1ö
Þ 2x – 2 (1 – x) = 7 Þ - çè ÷ø ´ çè ÷ = -1
2 a - 5ø
Þ 2x – 2 + 2x = 7
9 -5 Þ 3b + 3 = 2a – 10
Þx= and y = Þ 3b – 2a + 13 = 0 ...(ii)
4 4
On solving equations (i) and (ii) we get
Hence, L2 intersects L4. a = – 4, b = – 7
77. (d) Given ax2 + bx + c = 0 Hence, third vertex is (– 4, – 7).
Þ ax2 = –bx – c
80. (a)
Now, consider C(a, 80)
y = 4ax2 + 3bx + 2c
A (0, 20)
= 4 [–bx – c] + 3bx + 2c
= – 4bx – 4c + 3bx + 2c = – bx – 2c M
Since, this curve intersects x-axis
\ put y = 0, we get
–bx – 2c = 0 Þ – bx = 2c
N B (a, 0)
-2c O(0, 0)
Þx=
b
Thus, given curve intersects x-axis at exactly one point. We put one pole at origin.

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M-144 Mathematics
BC = 80 m, OA = 20 m Case II : If a < 0
Line OC and AB intersect at M. x + y = -a .... (iii)
To find: Length of MN. ax - y = 1 .... (iv)
On adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
æ 80 - 0 ö
Eqn of OC: y = ç x (1 + a) = 1 - a
è a - 0 ÷ø
x
80 1- a a -1
Þ y= x ...(i) x= >0Þ <0
a 1+ a a +1
Since a – 1 < 0
æ 20 - 0 ö
Eqn of AB: y = çè ÷ ( x - a) \ a+1>0
0-a ø Þ a > –1 .... (v)
-20
Þ y= ( x - a)
...(ii) –1
a
At M: (i) = (ii) 1- a -a - a2 - 1 + a
y = -a - >0 = >0
80 -20 1+ a 1+ a
Þ x= ( x - a)
a a æ a 2 + 1ö a2 + 1
80 -20 a Þ -ç ÷ > 0 Þ <0
Þ x= x + 20 Þ x = è a +1 ø a +1
a a 5
Since a2+ 1 > 0
80 a
\ y = ´ = 16 \ a+1<0
a 5 Þ a < –1 .... (vi)
81. (a) Given equation of lines are
(a3 + 3)x + ay + a – 3 = 0 and –1
(a5 + 2)x + (a + 2)y + 2a + 3 = 0 (a real) From (v) and (vi), a Î f
Since point of intersection of lines lies on y-axis. Hence, Case-II is not possible.
\ Put x = 0 in each equation, we get So, correct answer is a Î[1, ¥)
ay + a – 3 = 0 and
(a + 2)y + 2a + 3 = 0 L3
X L1
On solving these we get 83. (b)
(a + 2) (a – 3) – a (2a + 3) = 0 0
Þ a2 – a – 6 – 2a2 – 3a = 0 y–
x= P(–2, –2)
Þ – a2 – 4a – 6 = 0 Þ a2 + 4a + 6 = 0
R(–1, –2)
Y Y'
-4 ± 16 - 24 -4 ± -8 O
Þ a= =
2 2 (0, 0) 2x
+
y= Q y+2=0
(not real) 0
This shows that the point of intersection of the lines lies
L2
X'
on the y-axis for no value of ‘a’.
82. (b) Given that x + y = a L1 : y – x = 0

L2 : 2x + y = 0
and ax - y = 1 L3 : y + 2 = 0
Case I : If a > 0 On solving the equation of line L1 and L2 we get their point
x+ y = a .... (i)
of intersection (0, 0) i.e., origin O.
ax - y = 1 .... (ii)
On solving the equation of line L1 and L3,
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get we get P = (– 2, – 2).
x (1 + a ) = 1 + a Þ x = 1 Similarly, solving equation of line L2 and L3, we get
Q = (– 1, – 2)
y=a–1
We know that bisector of an angle of a triangle, divide the
Since given that intersection point lies in first quadrant
opposite side the triangle in the ratio of the sides including
So, a – 1 ³ 0 the angle [Angle Bisector Theorem of a Triangle]
Þ a ³1 PR OP (-2)2 + (-2) 2 2 2
\ = = =
Þ a Î[1, ¥) RQ OQ ( -1)2 + ( -2) 2 5

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\ Statement 1 is true but ÐOPR ¹ ÐOQR y2 - y1 3 3

So DOPR and DOQR not similar
Slope of QR = =
x2 - x1 3
\ Statement 2 is false. p
84. (a) Given that the lines p (p2 + 1) x – y + q = 0 Þ tan q = 3 Þ q =
3
and (p2 + 1)2 x + (p2 + 1) y +2q = 0 p
are perpendicular to a common line then these lines must Þ ÐRQX =
3
be parallel to each other, p 2p
\ m1 = m2 \ ÐRQP = p - =
3 3
p ( p 2 + 1) ( p 2 + 1) 2 Let QM bisects the ÐPQR ,
Þ - =-
-1 p2 + 1 p 2p
\ ÐMQR = Þ ÐMQX =
Þ (p2 + 1)2
(p+1)=0 3 3
2p
Þ p=–1 \ Slope of the line QM = tan =– 3

\ p can have exactly one value. 3
85. (d) Let (a2, a) be the point of shortest distance on x = y2 \ Equation of line QM is (y – 0) = – 3 (x – 0)
Then distance between (a2, a) and line Þ y= – 3 x Þ 3 x + y= 0
x – y + 1 = 0 is given by
88. (b) Taking co-ordinates as
ax1 + by1 + c a2 - a + 1 1 1 3 æ x yö
D= = = (a - ) 2 + A ç , ÷ ; B( x, y ) andC ( xr , yr ) .
2
a +b 2 2 2 2 4 èr rø
Then slope of line oining
1 æ 1ö
It is min when a =
2
and y ç1 - ÷
æ ö
A ç , ÷ , B ( x, y ) = è
x y rø y
3 3 2 =
= èr rø æ 1 ö x
Dmin = x ç1 - ÷
4 2 8 è rø
3–4 –1 and slope of line oining B(x, y) and C(xr, yr)
86. (d) Slope of PQ = =
k –1 k –1 y ( r - 1) y
= =
\ Slope of perpendicular bisector of x ( r - 1) x
PQ = ( k –1) \ m1 = m2
Q Slope of AB and BC are same and one point B common.
æ k +1 7ö
Also, mid point of PQ ç Þ Points lie on the straight line.
è 2 2 ÷ø
, .
\ Equation of perpendicular bisector of PQ is 89. (a) Co-ordinates of A = (a cos α, a sin α)
Equation of OB, Y B
7 æ k + 1ö
y– = (k –1) ç x – ÷ æp ö C
2 è 2 ø y = tan ç + a ÷ x
è 4 ø
Þ 2y – 7 = 2(k –1) x –(k2 –1)
CA ^ r to OB p A
Þ 2(k – 1)x – 2y + ( 8 – k2) = 0 4
a
Given that y-intercept
æp ö O
X
\ Slope of CA = - cot ç + a ÷
8 – k2 è4 ø
= =–4
2 Equation of CA
Þ 8 – k = –8 or k2 = 16 Þ k = ± 4
2
æp ö
y - a sin a = - cot ç + a ÷ ( x - a cos a)
87. (c) Given : The coordinates of points P, Q, R are (–1, 0), è4 ø
(0, 0), (3,3 3) respectively.. æ æp öö
Þ ( y - a sin a ) ç tan ç + a ÷ ÷ = ( a cos a - x )
è è4 øø
Y R (3, 3 3 )
æ p ö
ç tan 4 + tan a ÷
M Þ ( y - a sin a) ç ÷ = (a cos a - x )
ç 1 - tan p tan a ÷
è 4 ø
Þ ( y - a sin a) (1 + tan a) = (a cos a - x)(1 - tan a)
2p / 3 p/3
X' X Þ ( y - a sin a ) (cos a + sin a)
P (-1, 0) Q (0, 0)
= (a cos a - x )(cos a - sin a )
Y'

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M-146 Mathematics
Þ y (cos + sin a ) - a sin a cos a - a sin 2 a 92. (a) 3 x + 4 y = 0 is one of the line of the pair equations.
of lines
= a cos a - a cos a sin a - x (cos a - sin a)
2
3
Þ y (cos a + sin a ) + x(cos a - sin a ) = a 6 x 2 - xy + 4cy 2 = 0 , Put y = - x ,
y (sin a + cos a ) + x (cos a - sin a ) = a.
4
2
2 3 2 æ 3 ö
we get, 6 x + x + 4c ç - x÷ = 0
90. (d) Consider the equation,
4 è 4 ø
y = sin x. sin (x + 2) – sin2(x + 1) 3 9c
Þ 6+ + = 0 Þ c = -3
1 cos(2 x + 2) é1 - cos(2 x + 2) ù 4 4
= cos(-2) - -ê úû 93. (c) Let the lines be y = m1x and y = m2x then
2 2 ë 2
2c 1
m1 + m2 = - and m1m2 = -
(cos 2) - 1 7 7
= = - sin 2 1
2 Given that m1 + m2 = 4 m1m2
y 2c 4
Þ - =- Þc=2
7 7
94. (a) Equation of bisectors of second pair of straight lines
is,
(0 0)
x qx 2 + 2 xy - qy 2 = 0 ....(i)
It must be identical to the first pair
y = - sin 2 1 x 2 - 2 pxy - y 2 = 0 ....(ii)
from (i) and (ii)
q 2 -q
By the graph y lies in III and IV quadrant. = = Þ pq = -1 .
1 - 2 p -1
91 (a) From figure equation of bisectors of lines, xy = 0 are
95. (a) We know that pair of straighty lines
y= ± x
y ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 are perpendicular when a + b = 0
3a + a2 – 2 = 0 Þ a2 + 3a – 2 = 0.;
- 3 ± 9 + 8 - 3 ± 17
Þa = =
y = –x y=x 2 2
96. (a) Put x = 0 in the given equation
x
(0, 0) Þ by2 + 2 fy + c = 0.
\ Put y = ± x in the given equation For unique point of intersection, f 2 – bc = 0
my2 + (1 – m2)xy – mx2 = 0 Þ af 2 – abc = 0.
\ mx2 ± (1 – m2)x2 – mx2 = 0 We know that for pair of straight line
Þ 1 – m2 = 0 Þ m = ± 1 abc + 2fgh – af 2 –bg2 – ch2 = 0
Þ 2fgh – bg2 – ch2 = 0

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11
Conic Sections
8. If a line, y = mx + c is a tangent to the circle, (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1

TOPIC Ć Circles and it is perpendicular to a line L1, where L1 is the tangent
æ 1 1 ö
1. If the length of the chord of the circle, x2 + y 2 = r 2 (r > 0) to the circle, x2 + y2 = 1 at the point ç , ÷ ; then:
è 2 2ø
along the line, y – 2x = 3 is r, then r2 is equal to :
[Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] (a) c2 – 7c + 6 = 0 (b) c2 + 7c + 6 = 0
9 24 12 (c) c2 + 6c + 7 = 0 (d) c2 – 6c + 7 = 0
(a) (b) 12 (c) (d) 9. Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle,
5 5 5
x2 + y2 – 8x – 4y + 16 = 0 touch it at the points A and B. The
2. The circle passing through the intersection of the circles,
(AB)2 is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
x2 + y 2 - 6 x = 0 and x2 + y 2 - 4 y = 0, having its centre 52 56 64 32
(a) (b) (c) (d)
on the line, 2 x - 3 y + 12 = 0, also passes through the 5 5 5 5
point: [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] 10. If the angle of intersection at a point where the two circles
(a) (–1, 3) (b) (–3, 6) (c) (–3, 1) (d) (1, –3) with radii 5 cm and 12 cm intersect is 90o, then the length
3. Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x2 + y2 = 9. If a and b are (in cm) of their common chord is : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
the lengths of the perpendiculars from P and Q on the 13 120 60 13
straight line, x + y = 2 respectively, then the maximum (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 13 13 2
value of ab is ______________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
4. The diameter of the circle, whose centre lies on the line 11. A circle touching the x-axis at (3, 0) and making an intercept
x + y = 2 in the first quadrant and which touches both the of length 8 on the y-axis passes through the point :
lines x = 3 and y = 2, is __________. [April 12, 2019 (II)]
[NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] (a) (3, 10) (b) (3, 5)
5. The number of integral values of k for which the line, (c) (2, 3) (d) (1, 5)
12. If the circles x2 + y2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 and 2 (x2 + y2) +
3x + 4y = k intersects the circle, x2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y + 4 = 0 2Kx + 3y – 1= 0, (KÎR), intersect at the points P and Q,
at two distinct points is ________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] then the line 4x + 5y – K = 0 passes through P and Q, for:
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
6. A circle touches the y-axis at the point (0, 4) and passes
(a) infinitely many values of K
through the point (2, 0). Which of the following lines is
(b) no value of K.
not a tangent to this circle? [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
(c) exactly two values of K
(a) 4x – 3y + 17 = 0 (b) 3x – 4y – 24 = 0 (d) exactly one value of K
(c) 3x + 4y – 6 = 0 (d) 4x + 3y – 8 = 0 13. The line x = y touches a circle at the point (1, 1). If the
7. If the curves, x2 – 6x + y2 + 8 = 0 and x2 – 8y + y2 + 16 – k = 0, circle also passes through the point (1, –3), then its radius
(k > 0) touch each other at a point, then the largest value is: [April 10, 2019 (I)]
of k is ______. [NA Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(a) 3 (b) 2 2 (c) 2 (d) 3 2

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M-148 Mathematics
14. The locus of the centres of the circles, which touch the 21. If a variable line, 3x + 4y – l = 0 is such that the two circles
circle, x2 + y2 = 1 externally, also touch the y-axis and lie in x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 – 18x – 2y + 78 = 0 are
the first quadrant, is: [April 10, 2019 (II)] on its opposite sides, then the set of all values of l is the
interval : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) x = 1 + 4 y , y ³ 0 (b) y = 1 + 2 x , x ³ 0 (a) (2, 17) (b) [13, 23]
(c) [12, 21] (d) (23, 31)
(c) y = 1 + 4 x , x ³ 0 (d) x = 1 + 2 y , y ³ 0
22. A square is inscribed in the circle x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 8 y - 103 = 0
ìa + i ü with its sides parallel to the coordinate axes. Then the
15. All the points in the set S = í : µ Î R ý (i = -1)
îa -1 þ distance of the vertex of this square which is nearest to the
origin is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
lie on a: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
(a) 6 (b) 137 (c) 41 (d) 13
(a) straight line whose slope is 1.
23. Two circles with equal radii are intersecting at the points
(b) circle whose radius is 1.
(0, 1) and (0, –1). The tangent at the point (0, 1) to one of
(c) circle whose radius is 2. the circles passes through the centre of the other circle.
(d) straight line whose slope is –1. Then the distance between the centres of these circles is :
16. If a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1intersects the coordinate [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
axes at distinct points P and Q, then the locus of the mid- (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 2
point of PQ is: [April 09, 2019 (I)] 24. A circle cuts a chord of length 4a on the x-axis and passes
(a) x2 + y2 – 4x2y2 = 0 (b) x2 + y2 – 2xy = 0 through a point on the y-axis, distant 2b from the origin.
Then the locus of the centre of this circle, is :
(c) x2 + y2 – 16x2y2 = 0 (d) x2 + y2 – 2x2y2 = 0
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
17. The common tangent to the circles x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 + (a) a hyperbola (b) an ellipse
6x + 8y – 24 = 0 also passes through the point: (c) a straight line (d) a parabola
[April 09, 2019 (II)] 25. If a circle C passing through the point (4, 0) touches the
circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12 externally at the point
(a) (4, –2) (b) (– 6, 4) (c) (6, –2) (d) (– 4, 6) (1, – 1), then the radius of C is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
18. The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords (a) 2 5 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 57
intercepted on the circle, x2 + y2 = 16, by the lines, x + y = n,
26. If the area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the
n Î N, where N is the set of all natural numbers, is :
[April 08, 2019 (I)] circle, x2 + y2 + 10x + 12y + c = 0 is 27 3 sq. units then
(a) 320 (b) 105 (c) 160 (d) 210 c is equal to: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
19. If a circle of radius R passes through the origin O and (a) 13 (b) 20 (c) – 25 (d) 25
intersects the coordinate axes at A and B, then the locus of 27. Three circles of radii a, b, c (a < b < c) touch each other
the foot of perpendicular from O on AB is : externally. If they have x-axis as a common tangent, then:
[Jan 09, 2019 (I)]
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) (x 2
+y )
2 2 2 2 2
= 4R x y (a)
a
=
b
+
c
(b)
b
=
a
+
c
( x2 + y 2 )
3
(b) = 4R2 x 2 y2 (c) a, b, c are in A.P (d) a , b, c are in A.P..
28. If the circles x + y – 16x – 20y + 164 = r2 and
2 2
(x – 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 36 intersect at two distinct points,

( x2 + y 2 )
2
(c) = 4 Rx 2 y 2 then: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) r > 11 (b) 0 < r < 1
(d) ( x2 + y2 ) ( x + y ) = R2 xy (c) r = 11 (d) 1 < r < 11
29. The straight line x + 2y = 1 meets the coordinate axes at A
20. Let C1 and C2 be the centres of the circles x2 + y2 – 2x –2y – 2 = 0 and B. A circle is drawn through A, B and the origin. Then
and x2 + y2 – 6x –6y + 14 = 0 respectively. If P and Q are the sum of perpendicular distances from A and B on the
the points of intersection of these circles then, the area tangent to the circle at the origin is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(in sq. units) of the quadrilateral PC1QC2 is : 5 5
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] (a) (b) 2 5 (c) (d) 4 5
2 4
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 4

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Conic Sections M-149
30. If the tangent at (1, 7) to the curve x 2 = y - 6 touches the 8

(a) a circle with radius .
3
circle x 2 + y2 + 16x + 12y + c = 0 then the value of c is :
10
[2018] (b) a circle with diameter .
3
(a) 185 (b) 85 (c) 95 (d) 195
31. If a circle C, whose radius is 3, touches externally the circle, 16
(c) an ellipse with length of maor axis .
x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 4 = 0 at the point (2, 2), then the length 3
of the intercept cut by this circle c, on the x-axis is equal to 16
[Online April 16, 2018] (d) an ellipse with length of minor axis
9
(a) 5 (b) 2 3 (c) 3 2 (d) 2 5 40. If a point P has co–ordinates (0, –2) and Q is any point on
32. A circle passes through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5). If its the circle, x2 + y2 – 5x – y + 5 = 0, then the maximum value
of (PQ)2 is : [Online April 8, 2017]
centre lies on the line, y – 4x + 3 = 0, then its radius is equal

to [Online April 15, 2018]
25 + 6
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2 (a) (b) 14 + 5 3
2
33. Two parabolas with a common vertex and with axes along
x-axis and y-axis, respectively, intersect each other in the 47 + 10 6
(c) (d) 8 + 5 3
first quadrant. if the length of the latus rectum of each 2
parabola is 3, then the equation of the common tangent to 41. If two parallel chords of a circle, having diameter 4 units,
the two parabolas is? [Online April 15, 2018] lie on the opposite sides of the centre and subtend angles
(a) 3 (x + y) + 4 = 0 (b) 8 (2x + y) + 3 = 0
æ1ö
(c) 4 (x + y) + 3 = 0 (d) x + 2y + 3 = 0 cos -1 ç ÷ and sec–1 (7) at the centre respectively, then
è7ø
34. The tangent to the circle C1 : x2 + y2 – 2x – 1 = 0 at the point
(2, 1) cuts off a chord of length 4 from a circle C2 whose the distance between these chords, is :
centre is (3, – 2). The radius of C2 is [Online April 8, 2017]
[Online April 15, 2018] 4 8 8 16
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 3 7 7 7 7
35. The radius of a circle, having minimum area, which touches 42. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the equation,
the curve y = 4 – x2 and the lines, y = |x| is : [2017] x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0, is a chord of a circle S, whose
(a) 4 ( 2 +1 ) (b) 2 ( 2 +1 ) centre is at (–3, 2), then the radius of S is:
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 5 2 (d) 5 3
[2016]
(c) 2( 2 - 1) (d) 4( 2 - 1) 43. Equation of the tangent to the circle, at the point (1, –1)
whose centre is the point of intersection of the straight
36. The equation lines x – y = 1 and 2x + y = 3 is : [Online April 10, 2016]
æ iz - 2 ö (a) x + 4y + 3 = 0 (b) 3x – y – 4 = 0
Im ç ÷ + 1 = 0, z Î C, z ¹ i represents a part of a circle (c) x – 3y – 4 = 0 (d) 4x + y – 3 = 0
è z -i ø
44. A circle passes through (–2, 4) and touches the y-axis at
having radius equal to : [Online April 9, 2017]
(0, 2). Which one of the following equations can represent
3 1 a diameter of this circle ? [Online April 9, 2016]
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (d)
4 2 (a) 2x – 3y + 10 = 0 (b) 3x + 4y – 3 = 0
37. A line drawn through the point P(4, 7) cuts the circle (c) 4x + 5y – 6 = 0 (d) 5x + 2y + 4 = 0
x2 + y2 = 9 at the points A and B. Then PA·PB is equal to : 45. Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the line
[Online April 9, 2017] (2x – 3y + 4) + k (x – 2y + 3) = 0, k Î R, is a : [2015]
(a) 53 (b) 56 (c) 74 (d) 65 (a) circle of radius 2.
38. The two adacent sides of a cyclic quadrilateral are 2 and
5 and the angle between them is 60 . If the area of the (b) circle of radius 3.
(c) straight line parallel to x-axis
quadrilateral is 4 3 , then the perimeter of the quadrilat-
(d) straight line parallel to y-axis
eral is : [Online April 9, 2017] 46. The n umber of common tangents to the cir cles
(a) 12.5 (b) 13.2 (c) 12 (d) 13 x2 + y2 – 4x – 6x – 12 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0, is:
39. Let Î C, the set of complex numbers. Then the equation, [2015]
2|+3i| – | – i| = 0 represents : [Online April 8, 2017] (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2

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M-150 Mathematics
47. If the incentre of an equilateral triangle is (1, 1) and the 55. The set of all real values of l for which exactly two common
equation of its one side is 3x + 4y + 3 = 0, then the tangents can be drawn to the circles
equation of the circumcircle of this triangle is : x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 6 = 0 and
[Online April 11, 2015] x2 + y2 – 10x – 10y + l = 0 is the interval:
(a) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 14 = 0 [Online April 11, 2014]
(b) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 2 = 0 (a) (12, 32) (b) (18, 42)
(c) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 2 = 0 (c) (12, 24) (d) (18, 48)
(d) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 7 = 0 56. If the point (1, 4) lies inside the circle
x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y + P = 0 and the circle does not touch or
48. If a circle passing through the point (–1, 0) touches y-
intersect the coordinate axes, then the set of all possible
axis at (0, 2), then the length of the chord of the circle
values of P is the interval: [Online April 9, 2014]
along the x-axis is : [Online April 11, 2015]
(a) (0, 25) (b) (25, 39)
(c) (9, 25) (d) (25, 29)
3 5
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d) 5
2 2 1 1 1
57. Let a and b be any two numbers satisfying + = .
49. Let the tangents drawn to the circle, x2 + y2 = 16 from the a 2 b2 4
point P(0, h) meet the x-axis at point A and B. If the area of Then, the foot of perpendicular from the origin on the
DAPB is minimum, then h is equal to :
x y
[Online April 10, 2015] variable line, + = 1 , lies on: [Online April 9, 2014]
a b
(a) 4 2 (b) 3 3 (c) 3 2 (d) 4 3
50. If y + 3x = 0 is the equation of a chord of the circle, (a) a hyperbola with each semi-axis = 2
x2 + y2 – 30x = 0, then the equation of the circle with this (b) a hyperbola with each semi-axis = 2
chord as diameter is : [Online April 10, 2015] (c) a circle of radius = 2
(a) x2 + y2 + 3x + 9y = 0 (b) x2 + y2 + 3x – 9y = 0 (d) a circle of radius = 2
(c) x2 + y2 – 3x – 9y = 0 (d) x2 + y2 – 3x + 9y = 0 58. The circle passing through (1, –2) and touching the axis of
51. The largest value of r for which the region represented by x at (3, 0) also passes through the point [2013]
the set {w Î C|w – 4 – i| £r} is contained in the region (a) (–5, 2) (b) (2, –5) (c) (5, –2) (d) (–2, 5)
59. If a circle of unit radius is divided into two parts by an arc
represented by the set ( z Î c / | z - 1 |£| z + i | ) , is equal of another circle subtending an angle 60 on the
to: [Online April 10, 2015] circumference of the first circle, then the radius of the arc
5 3
(a) 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 2 (d) 17
2 2 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
52. Let C be the circle with centre at (1, 1) and radius = 1. If T is 2
the circle centred at (0, y), passing through origin and 60. Statement 1: The only circle having radius 10 and a
touching the circle C externally, then the radius of T is diameter along line 2x + y = 5 is x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y = 0.
equal to [2014] Statement 2 : 2x + y = 5 is a normal to the circle
1 1 3 x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y = 0. [Online April 25, 2013]
3
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true.
2 4 2 2
(b) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
53. The equation of circle described on the chord a correct explanation for Statement 1.
3x + y + 5 = 0 of the circle x2 + y2 = 16 as diameter is: (c) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is false.
(d) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
(a) x2 + y2 + 3x + y – 11 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 3x + y + 1 = 0
61. If the circle x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + (25 – a2) = 0 touches the axis
(c) x2 + y2 + 3x + y – 2 = 0
of x, then a equals. [Online April 23, 2013]
(d) x2 + y2 + 3x + y – 22 = 0
54. For the two circles x2 + y2 = 16 and (a) 0 (b) ± 4 (c) ± 2 (d) ± 3
x2 + y2 – 2y = 0, there is/are [Online April 12, 2014] 62. If a circle C passing through (4, 0) touches the circle
(a) one pair of common tangents x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 12 = 0 externally at a point (1, –1), then
(b) two pair of common tangents the radius of the circle C is : [Online April 22, 2013]
(c) three pair of common tangents (a) 5 (b) 2 5 (c) 4 (d) 57
(d) no common tangent

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63. If two vertices of an equilateral triangle are 70. The equation of the circle passing through the point (1, 0)
A (– a, 0) and B (a, 0), a > 0, and the third vertex C lies and (0, 1) and having the smallest radius is - [2011 RS]
above x-axis then the equation of the circumcircle of DABC
is : [Online April 22, 2013] (a) x2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y + 1 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 – x – y = 0
(a) 3x2 + 3y2 – 2 3ay = 3a 2
(c) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 7= 0
(b) 3 x 2 + 3 y 2 - 2ay = 3a 2 (d) x2 + y2 + x + y – 2 = 0
71. The two circles x2 + y2 = ax and x2 + y2 = c2 (c > 0) touch
(c) x 2 + y 2 - 2ay = a 2 each other if [2011]
(a) | a | = c (b) a = 2c
(d) x 2 + y 2 - 3ay = a 2 (c) | a | = 2c (d) 2 | a | = c
64. If each of the lines 5x + 8y = 13 and 4x – y = 3 contains a 72. The circle x2 + y2 = 4x + 8y + 5 intersects the line 3x – 4y = m
diameter of the circle at two distinct points if [2010]

x2 + y2 – 2(a2 – 7a + 11) x – 2 (a2 – 6a + 6) y + b3 + 1 = 0, (a) – 35 < m < 15 (b) 15 < m < 65
then [Online April 9, 2013] (c) 35 < m < 85 (d) – 85 < m < – 35
(a) a = 5 and b Ï (-1,1) (b) a = 1 and b Ï (-1,1) 73. If P and Q are the points of intersection of the circles
(c) a = 2 and b Ï (-¥,1) (d) a = 5 and b Î (-¥,1) x 2 + y2 + 3 x + 7 y + 2 p - 5 = 0 and
65. The length of the diameter of the circle which touches the x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – p2=0 then there is a circle passing
x-axis at the point (1,0) and passes through the point (2,3) is: through P, Q and (1, 1) for: [2009]
[2012] (a) all except one value of p
(b) all except two values of p
10 3 6 5 (c) exactly one value of p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 5 5 3 (d) all values of p
66. The number of common tangents of the circles given by 74. Three distinct points A, B and C are given in the
x2 + y2 – 8x – 2y + 1 = 0 and x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y = 0 is 2-dimensional coordinates plane such that the ratio of the
[Online May 26, 2012] distance of any one of them from the point (1, 0) to the
(a) one (b) four (c) two (d) three
67. If the line y = mx + 1 meets the circle x2 + y2 + 3x = 0 in two 1
distance from the point (–1, 0) is equal to . Then the
points equidistant from and on opposite sides of x-axis, 3
then [Online May 19, 2012] circumcentre of the triangle ABC is at the point: [2009]
(a) 3m + 2 = 0 (b) 3m – 2 = 0 æ5 ö æ5 ö
(c) 2m + 3 = 0 (d) 2m – 3 = 0 (a) çè , 0÷ø (b) çè , 0÷ø
4 2
68. If three distinct points A, B, C are given in the 2-dimensional
coordinate plane such that the ratio of the distance of æ5 ö
each one of them from the point (1, 0) to the distance from (c) çè , 0÷ø (d) (0, 0)
3
1
(– 1, 0) is equal to , then the circumcentre of the triangle 75. The point diametrically opposite to the point
2 P(1, 0) on the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 3 = 0 is [2008]
ABC is at the point [Online May 19, 2012] (a) (3, – 4) (b) (–3, 4)
æ5 ö (c) (–3, –4) (d) (3, 4)
(a) ç , 0 ÷ (b) (0, 0)
è3 ø 76. Consider a family of circles which are passing through the
point (– 1, 1) and are tangent to x-axis. If (h, k) are the
æ1 ö
(c) ç , 0 ÷ (d) (3, 0) coordinate of the centre of the circles, then the set of values
è3 ø of k is given by the interval [2007]
69. The equation of the circle passing through the point (1, 2)
1
and through the points of intersection of (a) - 1 £ k £ 1 (b) k £
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 21 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is given by 2 2 2
(a) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y + 11 = 0 1 1
(c) 0 £ k £ (d) k ³
(b) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 7 = 0 2 2
(c) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 3 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 11 = 0

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M-152 Mathematics
77. Let C be the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units. The 82. If a circle passes through the point (a, b) and cuts the
equation of the locus of the mid points of the chords of the
circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 orthogonally, then the locus of its centre
circle C that subtend an angle of 2p at its center is is [2004]
3
(a) 2ax - 2by - (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 3 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 1 [2006]
2 (b) 2ax + 2by - (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
9 (c) 2ax - 2by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0

(d) x 2 + y 2 =
27
(c) x 2 + y 2 =
4 4
(d) 2ax + 2by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
78. If the lines 3x - 4 y - 7 = 0 and 2 x - 3 y - 5 = 0 are two
diameters of a circle of area 49p square units, the equa- 83. A variable circle passes through the fixed point A( p, q ) and
tion of the circle is [2006] touches x-axis . The locus of the other end of the diameter
through A is [2004]
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 2 y - 47 = 0
(a) ( y - q)2 = 4 px (b) ( x - q)2 = 4 py
(b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 2 y - 62 = 0
(c) ( y - p )2 = 4qx (d) ( x - p)2 = 4qy
2 2
(c) x + y - 2 x + 2 y - 62 = 0
84. If the lines 2 x + 3 y + 1 = 0 and 3x - y - 4 = 0 lie along
(d) x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y - 47 = 0 diameter of a circle of circumference 10p, then the equation
79. If a circle passes through the point (a, b) and cuts the of the circle is [2004]
circle x 2 + y 2 = p 2 orthogonally, then the equation of (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 2 y - 23 = 0

the locus of its centre is [2005]
(b) x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y - 23 = 0
2 2 2 2 2
(a) x + y – 3ax – 4by + ( a + b - p ) = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y - 23 = 0
2 2 2
(b) 2ax + 2by – ( a - b + p ) = 0
(d) x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y - 23 = 0
2 2
(c) x + y – 2ax – 3by + ( a2 - b2 - p 2 ) = 0
85. Intercept on the line y = x by the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2 x = 0 is
2 2 2
(d) 2ax + 2by – ( a + b + p ) = 0 AB. Equation of the circle on AB as a diameter is [2004]
80. If the pair of lines ax 2 + 2 (a + b)xy + by 2 = 0 lie along (a) x 2 + y 2 + x - y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - x + y = 0
diameters of a circle and divide the circle into four sectors
such that the area of one of the sectors is thrice the area of (c) x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 - x - y = 0
another sector then [2005]
86. If the two circles ( x - 1) 2 + ( y - 3) 2 = r 2 and
2 2
(a) 3a - 10ab + 3b = 0
x 2 + y 2 - 8 x + 2 y + 8 = 0 intersect in two distinct point,
(b) 3a 2 - 2ab + 3b 2 = 0 then [2003]
(c) 3a 2 + 10ab + 3b 2 = 0 (a) r > 2 (b) 2 < r < 8
(c) r < 2 (d) r = 2.
(d) 3a 2 + 2ab + 3b 2 = 0
87. The lines 2 x - 3 y = 5 and 3x - 4 y = 7 are diameters of a
81. If the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0 and circle having area as 154 sq.units.Then the equation of
the circle is [2003]
x 2 + y 2 – 3ax + dy – 1 = 0 intersect in two distinct points
P and Q then the line 5x + by – a = 0 passes through P and (a) x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y = 62
Q for [2005]
(a) exactly one value of a (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 2 y = 62
(b) no value of a
(c) infinitely many values of a (c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 2 y = 47
(d) exactly two values of a
(d) x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y = 47 .

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88. If the chord y = mx + 1 of the circle x2+y2=1 subtends an 1

angle of measure 45 at the maor segment of the circle (a) PN = 4 (b) MQ =
3
then value of m is [2002]
1
(a) 2 ± 2 (b) –2 ± 2 (c) MQ = (d) PN = 3
4
(c) –1 ± 2 (d) none of these 96. Let the latus ractum of the parabola y2 = 4x be the common
chord to the circles C1 and C2 each of them having radius
89. The centres of a set of circles, each of radius 3, lie on the
circle x2+y2=25. The locus of any point in the set is[2002] 2 5. Then, the distance between the centres of the circles
(a) 4 £ x2 + y2 £ 64 (b) x2 + y2 £ 25 C1 and C2 is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
(c) x2 + y2 ³ 25 (d) 3 £ x2 + y2 £ 9 (a) 8 5 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 4 5

90. The centre of the circle passing through (0, 0) and (1, 0) 97. The area (in sq. units) of an equilateral triangle inscribed in
the parabola y2 = 8x, with one of its vertices on the vertex
and touching the circle x2 + y2 = 9 is [2002]

of this parabola, is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
æ1 1ö æ1 ö æ3 1ö æ1 3ö
(a) ç 2 , 2 ÷ (b) ç 2 , - 2 ÷ (c) ç 2 , 2 ÷ (d) ç 2 , 2 ÷ (a) 64 3 (b) 256 3
è ø è ø è ø è ø
91. The equation of a circle with origin as a centre and passing (c) 192 3 (d) 128 3
through equilateral triangle whose median is of length 3a 98. If one end of a focal chord AB of the parabola y2 = 8x is at
is [2002]
(a) x2 + y2 = 9a2 (b) x2 + y2 = 16a2 æ 1 ö
Aç , - 2 ÷ , then the equation of the tangent to it at B
(c) x2 + y2 = 4a2 (d) x2 + y2 = a2 è 2 ø
is: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
TOPIC n Parabola (a) 2x + y – 24 = 0 (b) x – 2y + 8 = 0
(c) x + 2y + 8 = 0 (d) 2x – y – 24 = 0
92. Let L1 be a tangent to the parabola y2 = 4(x + 1) and L2 be 99. The locus of a point which divides the line segment oining
a tangent to the parabola y2 = 8(x + 2) such that L1 and L2 the point (0, –1) and a point on the parabola, x2 = 4y,
intersect at right angles. Then L1 and L2 meet on the internally in the ratio 1 : 2, is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
straight line : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (a) 9x2 – 12y = 8 (b) 9x2 – 3y = 2
(a) x + 3 = 0 (b) 2x + 1 = 0 (c) x2 – 3y = 2 (d) 4x2 – 3y = 2
(c) x + 2 = 0 (d) x + 2y = 0 100. Let a line y = mx (m > 0) intersect the parabola, y2 = x at a
93. The centre of the circle passing through the point (0, 1) point P, other than the origin. Let the tangent to it at P
and touching the parabola y = x2 at the point (2,4) is: meet the x-axis at the point Q, If area (DOPQ) = 4 sq. units,
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] then m is equal to _______. [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
101. If y = mx + 4 is a tangent to both the parabolas, y2 =4x and
æ -53 16 ö æ 6 53 ö x2 = 2by, then b is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è 10 5 ø è 5 10 ø (a) –32 (b) –64 (c) –128 (d) 128
102. The tangents to the curve y = (x – 2)2 –1 at its points of
æ 3 16 ö æ -16 53 ö
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷ intersection with the line x – y = 3, intersect at the point :
è 10 5 ø è 5 10 ø [April 12, 2019 (II)]
94. If the common tangent to the parabolas, y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y
æ5 ö æ 5 ö æ5 ö æ 5 ö
also touches the circle, x2 + y2 = c2, then c is equal to: (a) ç ,1÷ (b) ç - , -1÷ (c) ç , -1÷ (d) ç - ,1÷
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] è2 ø è 2 ø è2 ø è 2 ø
103. If the line ax + y = c, touches both the curves x2 + y2 = 1
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) and y2 = 4 2x , then |c| is equal to [April 10, 2019 (II)]
2 2 2 4 2
95. Let P be a point on the parabola, y2 = 12x and N be the foot 1 1
of the perpendicular drawn from P on the axis of the (a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 2
2 2
parabola. A line is now drawn through the mid-point M of
104. The area (in sq. units) of the smaller of the two circles that
PN, parallel to its axis which meets the parabola at Q. If the
touch the parabola, y2 = 4x at the point (1, 2) and the x-axis
4 is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
y-intercept of the line NQ is , then : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
3 (a) 8p (2 – 2) (b) 4p (2 – 2)
(c) 4p (3 + 2 ) (d) 8p (3 – 2 2)

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M-154 Mathematics
105. If one end of a focal chord of the parabola, y2 = 16x is at 114. Axis of a parabola lies along x-axis. If its vertex and focus
(1, 4), then the length of this focal chord is: are at distance 2 and 4 respectively from the origin, on the
[April 09, 2019 (I)] positive x-axis then which of the following points does
(a) 25 (b) 22 (c) 24 (d) 20 not lie on it? [Jan 09, 2019 (I)]
106. The shortest distance between the line y = x and the curve (a) (5, 2 6 ) (b) (8, 6)
y2 = x – 2 is : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
(c) (6, 4 2 ) (d) (4, – 4)
7 7 11
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) 115. Equation of a common tangent to the circle, x2 + y2 – 6x = 0
8 4 2 4 2
and the parabola, y2 = 4x, is : [Jan 09, 2019 (I)]
107. If the tangents on the ellipse 4x2 + y2 = 8 at the points (1, 2)
(a) 2 3 y = 12x + 1 (b) 3 y=x+3
and (a, b) are perpendicular to each other, then a2 is equal
to : [April 08, 2019 (I)] (c) 2 3 y = – x – 12 (d) 3 y = 3x + 1
128 64 4 2 116. Let A (4, – 4) and B (9, 6) be points on the parabola,

(a) (b) (c) (d) y2 = 4x. Let C be chosen on the arc AOB of the parabola,
17 17 17 17
where O is the origin, such that the area of DACB is
108. The tangent to the parabola y2 = 4x at the point where it
maximum. Then, the area (in sq. units) of DACB, is:
intersects the circle x2 + y2 = 5 in the first quadrant, passes
[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
through the point : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
1 1 3
(a) 31 (b) 30 (c) 32 (d) 31
æ 1 4ö æ1 3ö
(a) ç - , ÷ (b) ç , ÷ 4 2 4
è 3 3ø è4 4ø 117. Tangent and normal are drawn at P(16, 16) on the parabola
æ3 7ö æ 1 1ö y2 = 16x , which intersect the axis of the parabola at A and
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç - , ÷
è4 4ø è 4 2ø B, respectively. If C is the centre of the circle through the
109. The equation of a tangent to the parabola, x2 = 8y, which points P, A and B and ÐCPB = q , then a value of tan q is:
makes an angle q with the positive direction of x-axis, is : [2018]
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
(a) y = x tanq + 2 cotq (b) y = x tanq – 2 cotq 4 1
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d)
(c) x = y cotq + 2 tanq (d) x = y cotq – 2 tanq 3 2
118. Tangents drawn from the point (– 8, 0) to the parabola
110. Equation of a common tangent to the parabola y2 = 4x and y2 = 8x touch the parabola at P and Q. If F is the focus of
the hyperbola xy = 2 is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] the parabola, then the area of the triangle PFQ (in sq. units)
(a) x + y + 1 = 0 (b) x – 2y + 4 = 0 is equal to [Online April 15, 2018]
(c) x + 2y + 4 = 0 (d) 4x + 2y + 1 = 0 (a) 48 (b) 32 (c) 24 (d) 64
111. If the area of the triangle whose one vertex is at the vertex 119. If y = mx + c is the normal at a point on the parabola y2 = 8x
of the parabola, y2 + 4 (x – a2) = 0 and the other two whose focal distance is 8 units, then |c| is equal to :
vertices are the points of intersection of the parabola and [Online April 9, 2017]
y-axis, is 250 sq. units, then a value of ‘a’ is :
(a) 2 3 (b) 8 3 (c) 10 3 (d) 16 3
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
120. If the common tangents to the parabola, x2 = 4y and the
(a) 5 5 (b) 5(21/3) (c) (10)2/3 (d) 5 circle, x2 + y2 = 4 intersect at the point P, then the distance
112. If the parabolas y = 4b(x – c) and y2 = 8ax have a common
2
of P from the origin, is : [Online April 8, 2017]
normal, then which one of the following is a valid choice
(a) 2 +1 (b) 2(3 + 2 2)
for the ordered triad (a, b, c)? [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
æ1 ö (c) 2( 2 + 1) (d) 3 + 2 2
(a) ç , 2, 3 ÷ (b) (1, 1, 3) 121. Let P be the point on the parabola, y2 = 8x which is at a
è2 ø
minimum distance from the centre C of the circle,
æ1 ö x2 + (y + 6)2 = 1. Then the equation of the circle, passing
(c) ç , 2, 0 ÷ (d) (1, 1, 0)
è2 ø through C and having its centre at P is: [2016]
113. The length of the chord of the parabola x2 = 4y having 2 2 x
(a) x + y - + 2y - 24 = 0
equation x - 2 y + 4 2 = 0 is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] 4
(b) x2 + y2 – 4x + 9y + 18 = 0
(a) 3 2 (b) 2 11 (c) 8 2 (d) 6 3 (c) x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y + 12 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 – x + 4y – 12 = 0

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122. P and Q are two distinct points on the parabola, y2 = 4x, (b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
with parameters t and t1 respectively. If the normal at P is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
passes through Q, then the minimum value of t12 is : (c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
(d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
[Online April 10, 2016] 130. The point of intersection of the normals to
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2 the parabola y 2 = 4x at the ends of its latus rectum is :
123. Let O be the vertex and Q be any point on the parabola, [Online April 23, 2013]
x2 = 8y. If the point P divides the line segment OQ internally
(a) (0, 2) (b) (3, 0) (c) (0, 3) (d) (2, 0)
in the ratio 1 : 3, then locus of P is : [2015]
131. Statement-1: The line x – 2y = 2 meets the parabola,
(a) y2 = 2x (b) x2 = 2y y2 + 2x = 0 only at the point (– 2, – 2).
(c) x2 = y (d) y2 = x
124. Let PQ be a double ordinate of the parabola, y2 = – 4x, Statement-2: The line y = mx -
1
( m ¹ 0) is tangent to
where P lies in the second quadrant. If R divides PQ in 2m
the ratio 2 : 1 then the locus of R is :

æ 1 1ö
[Online April 11, 2015] the parabola, y2 = – 2x at the point ç - ,- ÷ .
(a) 3y2 = – 2x (b) 3y2 = 2x è 2m 2 mø
(c) 9y2 = 4x (d) 9y2 = – 4x [Online April 22, 2013]
125. The slope of the line touching both the parabolas y 2 = 4 x (a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
and x 2 = -32 y is [2014] is a correct explanation for statement-1.
1 2 1 3 (c) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (d) Statement-1 a true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
8 3 2 2
not a correct explanation for statement-1.
126. A chord is drawn through the focus of the parabola y2 = 6x
such that its distance from the vertex of this parabola is æ 3ö x2 y 2
132. The normal at ç 2, ÷ to the ellipse, + = 1 touches
5 è 2ø 16 3
, then its slope can be: [Online April 19, 2014]
2 a parabola, whose equation is [Online May 26, 2012]
(a) y2 = – 104 x (b) y2 = 14 x
5 3 2 2 (c) y2 = 26x (d) y2 = – 14x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 5 3 133. The chord PQ of the parabola y2 = x, where one end P of
127. Two tangents are drawn from a point (– 2, – 1) to the curve, the chord is at point (4, – 2), is perpendicular to the axis of
y2 = 4x. If a is the angle between them, then |tan a| is equal the parabola. Then the slope of the normal at Q is
to: [Online April 12, 2014] [Online May 26, 2012]
1 1
1 1 (a) – 4 (b) - (c) 4 (d)
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 3 4 4
3 3
128. Let L1 be the length of the common chord of the curves 1
134. Statement 1: y = mx - is always a tangent to the
x2 + y2 = 9 and y2 = 8x, and L2 be the length of the latus m
rectum of y2 = 8x, then: [Online April 11, 2014] parabola, y2 = – 4x for all non-ero values of m.
(a) L1 > L2 (b) L1 = L2 Statement 2: Every tangent to the parabola, y2 = – 4x will
meet its axis at a point whose abscissa is non-negative.
L1
(c) L1 < L2 (d) L = 2 [Online May 7, 2012]
2 (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
a correct explanation of Statement 1.
129. Given : A circle, 2x2 + 2y2 = 5 and a parabola, y2 = 4 5 x.
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
Statement-1 : An equation of a common tangent to these (c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
curves is y = x + 5 . (d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
not a correct explanation of Statement 1.
5 135. The shortest distance between line y – x =1 and curve
Statement-2 : If the line, y = mx + (m ¹ 0) is their
m x = y2 is [2011]
common tangent, then m satisfies m4 – 3m2 + 2 = 0.[2013] 8 4
3 2 3
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
8 3 2 3 4
is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

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M-156 Mathematics
136. If two tangents drawn from a point P to the parabola

y2 = 4x are at right angles, then the locus of P is [2010] TOPIC Đ Ellipse
(a) 2x + 1 = 0 (b) x = – 1
(c) 2x – 1 = 0 (d) x = 1 145. Which of the following points lies on the locus of the foot
137. A parabola has the origin as its focus and the line x = 2 as of perpendicular drawn upon any tangent to the ellipse,
the directrix. Then the vertex of the parabola is at [2008] x2 y 2
(a) (0, 2) (b) (1, 0) + = 1 from any of its foci? [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
4 2
(c) (0, 1) (d) (2, 0)
138. The equation of a tangent to the parabola (a) (-2, 3) (b) (-1, 2)
y2 = 8x is y = x + 2. The point on this line from which the
(c) (-1, 3) (d) (1, 2)
other tangent to the parabola is perpendicular to the given
tangent is [2007] 146. If the normal at an end of a latus rectum of an ellipse
(a) (2, 4) (b) (–2, 0) (c) (–1, 1) (d) (0, 2) passes through an extermity of the minor axis, then the
139. The locus of the vertices of the family of parabolas eccentricity e of the ellipse satisfies: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(a) e4 + 2e2 – 1 = 0 (b) e2 + e – 1 = 0
a3 x2 a2 x 4 2
y= + - 2a is [2006] (c) e + e – 1 = 0 (d) e2 + 2e – 1 = 0
3 2
105 3 147. If the co-ordinates of two points A and B are ( 7, 0) and
(a) xy = (b) xy =
64 4
(- 7, 0) respectively and P is any point on the conic,
35
(c) xy = (d) xy = 64 9x2 + 16y2 = 144, then PA + PB is equal to :
16 105 [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
140. Let P be the point ( 1, 0 ) and Q a point on the locus (a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 9
y 2 = 8 x . The locus of mid point of PQ is [2005] 148. If the point P on the curve, 4x2 + 5y2 = 20 is farthest from
the point Q(0, – 4), then PQ2 is equals to :
(a) y 2 – 4x + 2 = 0 (b) y 2 + 4x + 2 = 0 [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
2
(a) 36 (b) 48 (c) 21 (d) 29
(c) x + 4y + 2 = 0 (d) x 2 – 4y + 2 = 0
x2 y2
141. A circle touches the x- axis and also touches the circle with 149. Let + = 1 (a > b) be a given ellipse, length of whose
centre at (0,3 ) and radius 2. The locus of the centre of the a 2 b2
circle is [2005] latus rectum is 10. If its eccentricity is the maximum value
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle 5
(c) a hyperbola (d) a parabola of the function, f(t ) = + t - t 2 , then a2 + b2 is equal to:
12
142. If a ¹ 0 and the line 2bx + 3cy + 4d = 0 passes through [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
the points of intersection of the parabolas (a) 145 (b) 116 (c) 126 (d) 135
150. Let x = 4 be a directrix to an ellipse whose centre is at the
y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay, then [2004]
1
origin and its eccentricity is . If P(1, b), b > 0 is a point on
(a) d 2 + (3b - 2c ) 2 = 0 (b) d 2 + (3b + 2c)2 = 0 2
(c) d 2 + (2b - 3c ) 2 = 0 (d) d 2 + (2b + 3c ) 2 = 0 this ellipse, then the equation of the normal to it at P is :
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
143. The normal at the point (bt12 , 2bt1 ) on a parabola meets (a) 4x – 3y = 2 (b) 8x – 2y = 5
(c) 7x – 4y = 1 (d) 4x – 2y = 1
the parabola again in the point (bt 2 2 , 2bt 2 ) , then [2003]
151. A hyperbola having the transverse axis of length 2 has
2 2
(a) t 2 = t1 + (b) t 2 = -t1 - the same foci as that of the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12, then this
t1 t1
hyperbola does not pass through which of the following
2 2 points? [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(c) t 2 = -t1 + (d) t 2 = t1 -
t1 t1
æ 1 ö æ 3 ö
144. Two common tangents to the circle x2 + y2 = 2a2 and (a) ç , 0÷ (b) çç - 2 , 1÷÷
parabola y2 = 8ax are [2002] è 2 ø è ø
(a) x = ± ( y + 2 a ) (b) y = ± ( x + 2 a ) æ 3 1 ö
æ 1 ö
(c) x = ± ( y + a ) (d) y = ± ( x + a ) (c) ç 1, - ÷ (d) çç 2 , ÷
è 2ø è 2 ÷ø

www.clearjee.xyz
|x| | y| 159. An ellipse, with foci at (0, 2) and (0, –2) and minor axis of
152. Area (in sq. units) of the region outside + = 1 and length 4, passes through which of the following points ?
2 3
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
x2 y 2
inside the ellipse + = 1 is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] (a) ( 2, 2) (b) (2, 2)
4 9
(a) 6(p - 2) (b) 3(p - 2) (c) (2, 2 2) (d) (1, 2 2)
(c) 3(4 - p) (d) 6(4 - p) x2 y 2

160. If the line x – 2y = 12 is tangent to the ellipse + =1
a 2 b2
x2 y 2
153. If e1 and e2 are the eccentricities of the ellipse, + =1
18 4 æ -9 ö
at the point ç 3, ÷ , then the length of the latus rectum
è 2 ø
2 2
and the hyperbola, x - y = 1 respectively and (e1, e2) is
9 4 of the ellipse is : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
a point on the ellipse, 15x2 + 3y2 = k, then k is equal to (a) 9 (b) 12 2 (c) 5 (d) 8 3
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] 161. The tangent and normal to the ellipse 3x + 5y2 = 32 at the
2
(a) 16 (b) 17 (c) 15 (d) 14
point P(2, 2) meet the x-axis at Q and R, respectively. Then
154. The length of the minor axis (along y-axis) of an ellipse in the area (in sq. units) of the triangle PQR is :
4 [April 10, 2019 (II)]
the standard form is . If this ellipse touches the line, x
3 34 14 16 68
+ 6y = 8; then its eccentricity is: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] (a) (b) (c) (d)
15 3 3 15
1 11 5 1 5 1 11 162. If the tangent to the parabola y2 = x at a point (a, b), (b Ō
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 2 3 3 3 Ā) is also a tangent to the ellipse, x2 + 2y2 = 1, then a is
155. Let the line y = mx and the ellipse 2x2 + y2 = 1 intersect at a equal to: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
point P in the first quadrant. If the normal to this ellipse at (a) 2 -1 (b) 2 2 - 1
æ 1 ö (c) 2 2 + 1
P meets the co-ordinate axes at ç - ,0 and (0, b), (d) 2 +1
è 3 2 ø÷
163. In an ellipse, with centre at the origin, if the difference of
then b is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
the lengths of maor axis and minor axis is 10 and one of
2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) the foci is at (0, 5 3 ), then the length of its latus rectum
3 3 3 3 is: [April 08, 2019 (II)]
156. If the distance between the foci of an ellipse is 6 and the (a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 6
distance between its directrices is 12, then the length of
164. Let S and S¢ be the foci of an ellipse and B be any one of
its latus rectum is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
the extremities of its minor axis. If DS¢BS is a right angled
3 triangle with right angle at B and area (DS¢BS) = 8 sq. units,
(a) 3 (b) 3 2 (c) (d) 2 3
2 hen the length of a latus rectum of the ellipse is :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
x2 y 2
157. If 3x + 4y = 12 2 is a tangent to the ellipse + =1 (a) 4 (b) 2 2 (c) 4 2 (d) 2
a2 9
for some a Î R, then the distance between the foci of the 165. If tangents are drawn to the ellipse x 2 + 2 y 2 = 2 at all
ellipse is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] points on the ellipse other than its four vertices then the
(a) 2 7 (b) 4 (c) 2 5 (d) 2 2 mid points of the tangents intercepted between the
158. If the normal to the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2=12 at a point P on it is coordinate axes lie on the curve : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
parallel to the line, 2x + y = 4 and the tangent to the ellipse
at P passes through Q (4,4) then PQ is equal to :
1
+
1
=1 x2 y 2
(a) (b) + =1
[April 12, 2019 (I)] 4x2 2 y2 4 2
5 5 61 221 157 1
+
1
=1 x2 y 2
(a)
2
(b)
2
(c)
2
(d)
2 (c) 2 2 (d) + =1
2x 4y 2 4

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M-158 Mathematics
166. Two sets A and B are as under : 172. If the distance between the foci of an ellipse is half the
length of its latus rectum, then the eccentricity of the
A = {(a, b) Î R ´ R :| a - 5 | < 1 and | b - 5 | < 1};
ellipse is: [Online April 11, 2015]
2 2
B = {(a,b) Î R ´ R : 4(a - 6) + 9(b - 5) £ 36}. Then : 2 2 –1
(a) (b) 2 –1
[2018] 2
(a) A Ì B
1 2 –1
(b) A Ç B = f (an empty set) (c)
2
(d)
2
(c) neither A Ì B nor B Ì A 173. The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the
centre of the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 6 on any tangent to it is
(d) B Ì A
[2014]
167. If the length of the latus rectum of an ellipse is 4 units and
( x2 + y2 )
2
the distance between a focus and its nearest vertex on the (a) = 6 x2 + 2 y 2
3
( x2 + y2 )
maor axis is units, then its eccentricity is? 2
2 (b) = 6 x2 - 2 y 2
( x2 - y2 )
2
(c) = 6x2 + 2 y2
1 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
( x2 - y 2 )
2 3 9 3 2
(d) = 6 x2 - 2 y 2
168. The eccentricity of an ellipse having centre at the origin,
axes along the co-ordinate axes and passing through the 174. A stair-case of length l rests against a vertical wall and a
points (4, –1) and (–2, 2) is : [Online April 9, 2017] floor of a room. Let P be a point on the stair-case, nearer to
its end on the wall, that divides its length in the ratio 1 : 2.
1 2 3 3 If the stair-case begins to slide on the floor, then the locus
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 5 2 4 of P is: [Online April 11, 2014]
169. Consider an ellipse, whose centre is at the origin and its 1
(a) an ellipse of eccentricity
3 2
maor axis is along the x–axis. If its eccentricity is and
5 3
(b) an ellipse of eccentricity
the distance between its foci is 6, then the area (in sq. 2
units) of the quadrilateral inscribed in the ellipse, with the
l
vertices as the vertices of the ellipse, is : (c) a circle of radius
2
(a) 8 (b) 32 (c) 80 (d) 40 3
(d) a circle of radius l
2 2 2
x y
170. If the tangent at a point on the ellipse + = 1 meets 175. If OB is the semi-minor axis of an ellipse, F1 and F2 are its
27 3 foci and the angle between F1B and F2B is a right angle,
the coordinate axes at A and B, and O is the origin, then the then the square of the eccentricity of the ellipse is:
minimum area (in sq. units) of the triangle OAB is : [Online April 9, 2014]
[Online April 9, 2016] 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 2 2 2 2 4
(a) 3 3 (b) (c) 9 (d) 176. The equation of the circle passing through the foci of the
2 3
171. The area (in sq. units) of the quadrilateral formed by the x2 y 2
ellipse + = 1, and having centre at (0, 3) is [2013]
tangents at the end points of the latera recta to the ellipse 16 9
(a) x2 + y2 – 6y – 7 = 0
x 2 y2
+ = 1, is : [2015] (b) x2 + y2 – 6y + 7 = 0
9 5
(c) x2 + y2 – 6y – 5 = 0
27 27 (d) x2 + y2 – 6y + 5 = 0
(a) (b) 27 (c) (d) 18
2 4

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177. A point on the ellipse, 4x2 + 9y2 = 36, where the normal is
8 2 4 5
parallel to the line, 4x –2y – 5 = 0, is : (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
184. In an ellipse, the distance between its foci is 6 and minor
æ 9 8ö æ8 9ö axis is 8. Then its eccentricity is [2006]
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , - ÷
è 5 5ø è5 5ø (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 4 (d) 1
5 2 5 5
æ 9 8ö æ8 9ö
(c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç , ÷ 185. An ellipse has OB as semi minor axis, F and F ' its focii
è 5 5ø è 5 5ø
and the angle FBF ' is a right angle. Then the eccentricity
178. Let the equations of two ellipses be
of the ellipse is [2005]
x2 y 2 x2 y 2 1 1 1
E1 : + = 1 and E2 : + =1, (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
16 b 2
3 2 2 2 4 3
186. The eccentricity of an ellipse, with its centre at the origin,
1
If the product of their eccentricities is , then the length 1
2 is . If one of the directrices is x = 4, then the equation of
2
of the minor axis of ellipse E2 is :[Online April 22, 2013] the ellipse is: [2004]
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 4 (d) 2
(a) 4 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 1 (b) 3 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 12
179. Equation of the line passing through the points of
intersection of the parabola x 2 = 8y and the ellipse (c) 4 x 2 + 3 y 2 = 12 (d) 3 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 1
x2
+ y 2 = 1 is : [Online April 9, 2013]
3 TOPIC Ė Hyperbola
(a) y – 3 = 0 (b) y + 3 = 0
187. If the line y = mx + c is a common tangent to the hyperbola
(c) 3y + 1 = 0 (d) 3y – 1 = 0
x2 y 2
x 2 - = 1 and the circle x2 + y2 = 36, then which one of
180. If P1 and P2 are two points on the ellipse + y 2 = 1 at 100 64
4 the following is true? [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
which the tangents are parallel to the chord oining the (a) c2 = 369 (b) 5m = 4
points (0, 1) and (2, 0), then the distance between P1 and (c) 4c2 = 369 (d) 8m + 5 = 0
P2 is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) 2 2 (b) 5 (c) 2 3 (d) 10 x2 y2
188. Let P(3, 3) be a point on the hyperbola, - = 1. If the
181. Equation of the ellipse whose axes are the axes of a2 b2
coordinates and which passes through the point (–3, 1) normal to it at P intersects the x-axis at (9, 0) and e is its
eccentricity, then the ordered pair (a2, e2) is equal to :
2
and has eccentricity is [2011] [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
5
2 2
(a) 5x + 3y – 48 = 0 2 2
(b) 3x + 5y – 15 = 0 æ9 ö æ3 ö æ9 ö
(c) 5x2 + 3y2 – 32 = 0 (d) 3x2 + 5y2 – 32 = 0 (a) ç , 3 ÷ (b) ç , 2 ÷ (c) ç , 2 ÷ (d) (9, 3)
è2 ø è2 ø è2 ø
182. The ellipse x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4 is inscribed in a rectangle 189. Let e 1 and e 2 be the eccentricities of the ellipse,
aligned with the coordinate axes, which in turn is inscribed x2 y 2 x2 y 2
in another ellipse that passes through the point (4, 0). Then + 2 = 1 (b < 5) and the hyperbola, - =1
25 b 16 b2
the equation of the ellipse is : [2009]
respectively satisfying e1e2 = 1. If a and b are the distances
(a) x 2 + 12 y 2 = 16 (b) 4 x 2 + 48 y 2 = 48 between the foci of the ellipse and the foci of the hyperbola
respectively, then the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to :
(c) 4 x 2 + 64 y 2 = 48 (d) x 2 + 16 y 2 = 16 [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
183. A focus of an ellipse is at the origin. The directrix is the line
æ 20 ö
1 (a) (8, 12) (b) ç , 12 ÷
x = 4 and the eccentricity is . Then the length of the è 3 ø
2
semi-maor axis is [2008] æ 24 ö
(c) ç , 10 ÷ (d) (8, 10)
è 5 ø

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M-160 Mathematics
190. A line parallel to the straight line 2x – y = 0 is tangent to the 198. If the eccentricity of the standard hyperbola passing
2 2 through the point (4, 6) is 2, then the equation of the
x y
hyperbola - = 1 at the point (x1, y1). Then x12 + 5 y12 tangent to the hyperbola at (4, 6) is : [April. 08, 2019 (II)]
4 2 (a) x – 2y + 8 = 0 (b) 2x – 3y + 10 = 0
is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] (c) 2x – y – 2 = 0 (d) 3x – 2y = 0
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 5 199. If the vertices of a hyperbola be at (–2, 0) and (2, 0) and one
of its foci be at (–3, 0), then which one of the following
p
191. For some q Î æç 0, ö÷ , if the eccentricity of the hyperbola, points does not lie on this hyperbola?[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
è 2ø
x2 - y 2 sec2 q = 10 is 5 times the eccentricity of the
(a) ( -6, 2 10 ) (b) ( 2 6, 5)
ellipse, x2 sec 2 q + y 2 = 5, then the length of the latus
(c) ( 4, 15 ) (d) ( 6,5 2 )
200. If a hyperbola has length of its conugate axis equal to 5
rectum of the ellipse, is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]

and the distance between its foci is 13, then the eccentricity
(a) 2 6 (b) 30 of the hyperbola is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
2 5 4 5 13 13 13
(c) (d) (a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
3 3 12 6 8
201. Let the length of the latus rectum of an ellipse with its
192. If a hyperbola passes through the point P(10,16) and it
maor axis along x-axis and centre at the origin, be 8. If the
has vertices at (± 6,0), then the equation of the normal to
distance between the foci of this ellipse is equal to the
it at P is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
length of its minor axis, then which one of the following
(a) 3x + 4y = 94 (b) 2x + 5y = 100 points lies on it? [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
(c) x + 2y = 42 (d) x + 3y = 58
193. Let P be the point of intersection of the common tangents (a) (4 2, 2 2 ) (b) (4 3, 2 2 )
to the parabola y2 = 12x and hyperbola 8x2 – y2 = 8. If S and
S¢ denote the foci of the hyperbola where S lies on the (c) (4 3, 2 3) (d) (4 2, 2 3)
positive x-axis then P divides SS¢ in a ratio : 202. The equation of a tangent to the hyperbola 4x2 – 5y2 = 20
[April 12, 2019 (I)] parallel to the line x – y = 2 is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) 13 : 11 (b) 14 : 13 (c) 5 : 4 (d) 2 : 1 (a) x – y + 1 = 0 (b) x – y + 7 = 0
194. The equation of a common tangent to the curves, y2 = 16x (c) x – y + 9 = 0 (d) x – y – 3 = 0
and xy = – 4, is : [April 12, 2019 (II)] 203. Let
(a) x – y + 4 = 0 (b) x + y + 4 = 0
ìï y2 x2 üï
(c) x – 2y + 16 = 0 (d) 2x – y + 2 = 0 S = í( x, y ) Î R 2 : - = 1ý ,
195. If a directrix of a hyperbola centred at the origin and passing ïî 1 + r 1 - r ïþ
through the point (4, -2 3) is 5x = 4 5 and its where r ¹ ± 1 Then S represents: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) a hyperbola whose eccentricity is
eccentricity is e, then : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) 4e4 – 24e2 + 27 = 0 (b) 4e4 – 12e2 – 27 = 0 2
, when 0 < r < 1
(c) 4e4 – 24e2 + 35 = 0 (d) 4e4 + 8e2 – 35 = 0 1- r
196. If 5x + 9 = 0 is the directrix of the hyperbola (b) an ellipse whose eccentricity is
16x2 – 9y2 = 144, then its corresponding focus is :
2
[April 10, 2019 (II)] , when r > 1
r +1
æ 5 ö æ5 ö
(a) (5, 0) (b) ç - ,0 ÷ (c) ç , 0 ÷ (d) (–5, 0) (c) a hyperbola whose eccentricity is
è 3 ø è3 ø
2
197. If the line y = mx + 7 3 is normal to the hyperbola , when 0 < r < 1
r +1
x 2 y2 (d) an ellipse whose eccentricity is
- = 1, then a value of m is : [April 09, 2019 (I)]
24 18 1
, when r > 1
r +1
5 15 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 5 5

www.clearjee.xyz
210. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose length of the latus

p
204. Let 0 < q < . If the eccentricity of the hyperbola rectum is equal to 8 and the length of its conugate axis is
2 equal to half of the distance between its foci, is : [2016]
x2 y2 2 4 4
- = 1 is greater than 2, then the length of (a) (b) 3 (c) (d)
cos q sin 2 q
2 3 3 3
211. A hyperbola whose transverse axis is along the maor axis
its latus rectum lies in the interval: [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] x 2 y2
(a) (3, ¥) (b) (3/2, 2] (c) (2, 3] (d) (1, 3/2] of the conic, + = 4 and has vertices at the foci of
3 4
205. A hyperbola has its centre at the origin, passes through
the point (4, 2) and has transverse axis of length 4 along 3
this conic. If the eccentricity of the hyperbola is , then
the x-axis. Then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is : 2
which of the following points does NOT lie on it ?
[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]

3 2
(a) (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) (a) ( 5, 2 2) (b) (0, 2)
2 3
(c) (5, 2 3) (d) ( 10, 2 3)
206. Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola 4x 2 - y2 = 36 at
212. Let a aand b respectively be the semitransverse and semi-
the points P and Q. If these tangents intersect at the point conugate axes of a hyperbola whose eccentricity satisfies
T(0, 3) then the area (in sq. units) of DPTQ is : [2018] the equation 9e2 – 18e + 5 = 0. If S(5, 0) is a focus and
(a) 54 3 (b) 60 3 (c) 36 5 (d) 45 5 5x = 9 is the corresponding directrix of this hyperbola, then
a2 – b2 is equal to : [Online April 9, 2016]
207. The locus of the point of intersection of the lines,
(a) –7 (b) –5 (c) 5 (d) 7
2 x – y + 4 2k = 0 and 2kx + ky – 4 2 = 0 (k is any 113. An ellipse passes through the foci of the hyperbola,
non-ero real parameter) is. [Online April 16, 2018] 9x2 – 4y2 = 36 and its maor and minor axes lie along the
tr ansverse and conugate axes of th e hyperbola
(a) A hyperbola with length of its transverse axis 8 2 respectively. If the product of eccentricities of the two
(b) An ellipse with length of its maor axis 8 2 1
conics is , then which of the following points does not
2
1 lie on the ellipse? [Online April 10, 2015]
(c) An ellipse whose eccentricity is
3
æ 13 ö æ 39 ö
(a) ç , 6÷ (b) ç , 3÷
(d) A hyperbola whose eccentricity is 3 è 2 ø è 2 ø
208. A hyperbola passes through the point P ( 2, 3 ) æ1

(c) çè 13,
2
3ö
÷
2 ø
(d) ( 13, 0 )
and has foci at (± 2, 0). Then the tangent to this hyperbola 114. The tangent at an extremity (in the first quadrant) of latus
at P also passes through the point : [2017]
x 2 y2
(a) (- 2, - 3 ) (b) (3 2, 2 3 ) rectum of the hyperbola
4
-
5
= 1 , meet x-axis and
y-axis at A and B respectively. Then (OA)2 – (OB)2, where
(c) (2 2,3 3) (d) ( 3, 2 ) O is the origin, equals:
20 16
4
209. The locus of the point of intersection of the straight lines, (a) - (b) (c) 4 (d) -
9 9 3
tx – 2y – 3t = 0 115. Let P (3 sec q, 2 tan q) and Q (3 sec f, 2 tan f) where
x – 2ty + 3 = 0 (t ÎR), is : [Online April 8, 2017]
p
2 q+f = , be two distinct points on the hyperbola
(a) an ellipse with eccentricity 2
5
x 2 y2
(b) an ellipse with the length of maor axis 6 - = 1 . Then the ordinate of the point of intersection
9 4
(c) a hyperbola with eccentricity 5 of the normals at P and Q is: [Online April 11, 2014]
(d) a hyperbola with the length of conugate axis 3 11 11 13 13
(a) (b) - (c) (d) -
3 3 2 2

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M-162 Mathematics
216. A common tangent to the conics x 2 = 6y and 220. The equation of the hyperbola whose foci are
2x2 – 4y2 = 9 is: [Online April 25, 2013] (– 2, 0) and (2, 0) and eccentricity is 2 is given by :
[2011RS]
3
(a) x - y = (b) x + y = 1 (a) x2 – 3y2 = 3 (b) 3x2 – y2 = 3
2 (c) – x2 + 3y2 = 3 (d) – 3x2 + y2 = 3
9 x2 y2
(c) x + y = (d) x – y = 1 221. For the Hyperbola - = 1 , which of the
2 cos 2 a sin 2 a
following remains constant when a varies = ? [2007]
x2 y 2
217. A tangent to the hyperbola - = 1 meets x-axis at P (a) abscissae of vertices (b) abscissae of foci
4 2 (c) eccentricity (d) directrix.
and y-axis at Q. Lines PR and QR are drawn such that
222. The locus of a point P (a, b) moving under the condition
OPRQ is a rectangle (where O is the origin). Then R lies on:
[Online April 23, 2013] that the line y = ax + b is a tangent to the hyperbola
4 2 2 4 x2 y2
(a) + =1 (b) - =1 2
- = 1 is [2005]
x 2
y 2
x 2
y 2
a b2
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle
2 4 4 2 (c) a parabola (d) a hyperbola
(c) + =1 (d) - =1
x2 y2 x2 y2 x2 y 2
223. The foci of the ellipse + = 1 and the hyperbola
16 b2
x2 y 2
218. If the foci of the ellipse + = 1 coincide with the foci
16 b 2 x2 y 2 1
- = coincide. Then the value of b 2 is[2003]
144 81 25
2 2 (a) 9 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 7
of the hyperbola x - y = 1 , then b2 is equal to
144 81 25
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 7 (d) 9
x2 y 2
219. If the eccentricity of a hyperbola - = 1 , which
9 b2
13
passes through (k, 2), is , then the value of k2 is
3
(a) 18 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 2

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RS 5+ 9
1. (d) In right DRSQ , sin 60° = \ ab |max = = 7.
r 2
4. (3)
R(0, 0)
r
60 y=2
P S r/2 Q r2
r1
3 3r (k, 2 – k)
Þ RS = r ´ =
2 2
Now equation of PQ is y – 2x – 3 = 0 (0, 0)
3r | 0 + 0 - 3 |
\ =
2 5 x=3
Þ
3r
=
3
Þr=
2 3
Þ r2 =
12 Þ Radius (r1) = 3 – k
2 5 5 5 Q Centre lies on x + y = 2
2. (b) We know family of circle be S1 + lS2 = 0 Let x = k
\y = 2-k
x2 + y 2 - 6 x + l ( x2 + y 2 - 4 y) = 0
Þ Centre = (k, 2 – k)
Þ (1 + l) x 2 + (1 + l ) y 2 - 6 x - 4ly = 0 ...(i) Also, radius (r2) = 2 – (2 – k)
2l ö \ 3 - k = 2 - (2 - k )
æ 3
Centre (– g, – f ) = ç
è 1 + l l + 1÷ø
,
3
Þk=
Centre lies on 2x – 3y + 12 = 0, then 2
6 6l 3 3
- + 12 = 0 Þ l = -3 r = 3- =
l +1 l +1 2 2
Equation of circle (i), Hence, diameter = 3.
-2 x 2 - 2 y 2 - 6 x + 12 y = 0 5. (9)
The given circle is x2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y + 4 = 0
Þ x 2 + y 2 + 3x - 6 y = 0 ...(ii)
Only (– 3, 6) satisfy equation (ii). \ Centre of circle (1, 2), r = 1.
3. (7) ax1 + by1 + c
Let P (3cos q, 3sin q), Q( -3cos q, - 3sin q) If line cuts circle then p < r, where p =
a 2 + b2
3cos q + 3sin q - 2 -3cos q - 3sin q - 2
a= , b= 3+8- k
2 2 Þ < 1 Þ k Î (6, 16)
5
(3cos q + 3sin q) 2 - 4 5 + 9sin 2q k = 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

ab = =
2 2
ab is max. when sin2q = 1

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x + y 2 = 0, which is perpendicular to x – y + c = 0
æ 1 1 ö
At ç , ÷ which is tangent of (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1
è 2 2ø
6. (d)
So, m = 1 Þ y = x + c
Now, distance of (3, 0) from y = x + c is
Equation of family of circle c+3
=1
(x – 0)2 + (y – 4)2 + lx = 0 2
Passes through the point (2, 0) then
4 + 16 + 2l = 0 Þ l = – 10 Þ c = -3 ± 2
Hence, the equation of circle Þ (c + 3)2 = 2
Þ
x2 + y2 – 10x – 8y + 16 = 0 c2 + 6c + 9 = 2
Þ (x – 5)2 + (y – 4)2 = 25 \ c2 + 6c + 7 = 0
Centre (5, 4).
9. (c) L = S1 = 16 = 4
1 1
R= coeff. of x + coeff. of y - constant R = 16 + 4 - 16 = 2
2 2
Length of chord of contact
= 25 + 16 - 16 = 5 2 LR 2 ´ 4 ´ 2 16
= = = Square of length
L +R2 2 16 + 4 20
Perpendicular distance of 4x + 3y – 8 = 0 from the centre of
circle 64
of chord of contact =
20 + 16 - 8 28 5
= = ¹5
16 + 9 5
Hence, 4x + 3y – 8 = 0 can not be tangent to the circle.
7. (36)The given equation of circle 10. (b) P
x2 – 6x + y2 + 8 = 0 12 5
(x – 3)2 + y2 = 1 ...(i)
a
So, centre of circle (i) is C1(3, 0) and radius r1 = 1. ᔴ1 ᔴ2
And the second equation of circle M
x2 – 8y + y2 + 16 – k = 0 (k > 0)
( k)
2
x 2 + ( y - 4)2 = ...(ii) Q
According to the diagram,
So, centre of circle (ii) is C2(0, 4) and radius r2 = k
5 5
Two circles touches each other when In DPC1C2, tan a = Þ sin a =
12 13
C1C2 = |r1 ± r2| Þ 5 = 1 ± k
PM 5 PM 60
Distance between C2(3, 0) and C1(0, 4) is In DPC1M, sin a = Þ = Þ PM =
12 13 12 13
either k + 1 or k - 1 (C1C2 = 5) 120
Hence, length of common chord (PQ) =
13
Þ k +1= 5 or k -1 = 5
11. (a) Let centre of circle is C and circle cuts the y-axis at B
Þ k = 16 or k = 36 and A. Let mid-point of chord BA is M.
Hence, maximum value of k is 36
The given equation of circles A
x2 – 6x + y2 + 8 = 0
Þ (x – 3)2 + y2 = 1 3
M ᔴ
æ 1 1 ö 4
8. (c) Slope of tangent of x2 + y2 = 1 at ç , ÷
è 2 2ø
B
1 1 (3 0)
x+ y -1 = 0
2 2

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CB = 14. (b) Let centre of required circle is (h, k).

MC 2 + MB 2
\ OO’ = r + r’ [By the diagram]
32 + 42 = 5 = radius of circle
OἘ (h k)
\ equation of circle is,
(x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2 = 52 rἘ
(3, 10) satisfies this equation.
r
Although there will be another circle satisfying the same
conditions that will lie below the x-axis having equation
O (0 0)
(x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2 = 52
12. (b) S1 º x2 + y2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0

3 1
y- =0
S2 º x2 + y2 + Kx +
2 2 Þ h2 + k 2 = 1 + h
Equation of common chord is S1 – S2 = 0 Þ h2 + k2 = 1 + h2 + 2h
y 1 Þ k2 = 1 + 2h
Þ 4Kx + + K + =0 ...(i)
2 2 \ locus is y = 1 + 2 x , x ³ 0
Equation of the line passing through the intersection
a +i
points P & Q is, 15. (b) Let ÎS then z =
a-i
4x + 5y – K = 0 ...(ii)
Comparing (i) and (ii), Since, is a complex number and let = x + iy
4K 1 2K + 1 (a + i ) 2
= = ...(iii) Then, x + iy = (by rationalisation)
4 10 -2 K a2 + 1
1 ( a 2 - 1)
i (2a)
Þ K= and – 2K = 20K + 10 Þ x + iy = + 2
10 2
a +1 a + 1
-5 Then compare both sides
Þ 22K = –10 Þ K =
11
a2 - 1
1 -5 x= 2 ...(i)
Q K = or is not satisfying equation (3) a +1
10 11
\ No value of K exists. 2a
y= ...(ii)
13. (b) Equation of circle which touches the line y = x at a2 + 1
(1, 1) is, (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 + l (y – x) = 0 Now squaring and adding equations (i) and (ii)
This circle passes through (1, – 3)
(a 2 - 1)2 4a 2
Þ x2 + y2 = + =1
(1 –3) (a 2 + 1) 2 (a 2 + 1) 2
16. (a) Let any tangent to circle x2 + y2 = 1 is
x cosq + y sinq = 1
Since, P and Q are the point of intersection on the co-
(1 1) y㦨x ordinate axes.
\ 0 + 16 + l (– 3 – 1) = 0
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
Þ 16 + l (– 4) = 0 Þ l = 4 Then P º ç ,0 ÷ & Q º ç 0, ÷
è cos q ø è sin q ø
Hence, equation of circle will be,
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 + 4y – 4x = 0 æ 1 1 ö
\ mid-point of PQ be M º ç , ÷ º ( h, k )
Þ x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y + 2 = 0 è 2cos q 2sin q ø
\ Radius = 9 +1 - 2 = 2 2

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1 Hence, the sum of squares of lengths of chords

Þ cos q = ...(i)
2h æ
5
n2 ö 5 ´ 6 ´11
1 = å 4 çç16 - ÷
2 ÷ø = 64 × 5 – 2. = 210
sin q = ...(ii) n =1 è 6
2k
Now squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii) 19. (b) As ÐAOB = 90
1 1
+ =4
h2 k 2
\ locus of M is : x2 + y2 = 4x2y2
Þ h2 + k2 = 4h2k2 (h, k)
17. (c) By the diagram, dc1c2 = r1 - r2

Let AB diameter and M(h, k) be foot of perpendicular, then

2 2
x +y =4 -h
MAB =
k
2 2
x + y + 6x + 8y – 24 = 0 Then, equation of AB
-h
(y – k) = ( x - h)
Equation of common tangent is, k
S1 – S2 = 0 Þ hx + ky = h2 + k2
6x + 8y – 20 = 0 Þ 3x + 4y – 10 = 0 æ h2 + k 2 ö æ h2 + k 2 ö
Hence (6, – 2) lies on it. Then, A ç h , 0÷ and B ç 0, k ÷
è ø è ø
18. (d) Let the chord x + y = n cuts the circle x2 + y2 = 16 at P
and Q Length of perpendicular from O on PQ Q AB is the diameter, then
AB = 2R
0+ 0-n n Þ AB2 = 4R2
= =
2 2 2
1 +1 2
æ h 2 + k 2 ö æ h2 + k 2 ö
Þ ç ÷ +ç ÷ = 4R2
è h ø è k ø
P Hence, required locus is (x2 + y2)3 = 4R2 x2 y2
20. (d) P
4
O
Q C1 C2
x+y=n
2 2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = 2(–1)(–3) + 2(–1)(–3) = 12

2 æ n ö n2
Then, length of chord PQ = 2 4 - ç ÷ = 2 16 - c1 + c2= 14 – 2 = 12
è 2ø 2
Since, 2g1g2 + 2f1f2= c1 + c2
Thus only possible values of n are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Hence, circles intersect orthogonally

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\ Area of the quadrilateral PC1QC1 23. (b) Q Two circles of equal radii intersect each other
orthogonally. Then R is mid point of PQ.
æ1 ö
= 2 çè (C1 P)(C2 P )÷ø (0, 1)
2 P
1
= 2 ´ r1r2 = (2)(2) = 4 sq, units 90
2 O1 O2
21. (c) Condition 1: The centre of the two circles are (1, 1) R
and (9, 1). The circles are on opposite sides of the line
Q
3x + 4y – l = 0. (0, –1)
Put x = 1, y = 1 in the equation of line, and PR = O1R = O2R
3(1) + 4(1) – l = 0 Þ 7 – l = 0
1
Now, put x = 9, y = 1 in the equation of line, PR = (0 - 0) 2 + (1 + 1) 2 = 1
2
3(9) + 4(1) – l = 0
\ Distance between centres = 1 + 1 = 2.
Then, (7 – l) (27 + 4 – l) < 0
Þ (l – 7) (l – 31) < 0 24. (d)
l Î (7, 31) …(i)
Condition 2: Perpendicular distance from centre on line ³
radius of circle. C (h, k )
For x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 1,
|3 + 4 - l |
Þ ³1
5
Þ |l – 7| ³ 5
Þ l ³ 12 or l Þ 2 ...(ii) Let centre be C(h, k)
For x2 + y2 – 18x – 2y + 78 = 0 CQ = CP = r
|27 + 4 - l | Þ CQ2 = CP2
³2
5 (h – 0)2 + (k ± 0)2 = CM2 + MP2
Þ l ³ 41 or l £ 21 ...(iii) h2 + (k ± 2b)2 = k2 + 4a2
Intersection of (1), (2) and (3) gives l Î [12, 21]. h2 + k2 + 4b2 ± 4bk = k2 + 4a2
Then, the locus of centre C(h, k)
22. (c) The equation of circle is,
x2 + 4b2 ± 4by = 4a2
x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y – 103 = 0
Hence, the above locus of the centre of circle is a
Þ (x – 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = (8 2)2 parabola.
C(3, – 4), r = 8 2
25. (c) The equation of circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12 can be
Þ Length of side of square = 2r = 16 written as (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 25
P S
2r
(–5, –4) (11, –4) Q(4, 0)
Q R
(–2, 3) P
Þ P(–5, 4), Q(–5, –12)
R(11, –12), S(11, 4)
Þ Required distance = OP
= (-5 - 0) 2 + (-4 - 0) 2 = 25 + 16 = 41

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Let P = (1, –1) & Q = (4, 0) AM2 = AC2 – MC2

Equation of tangent at P (1, –1) to the given circle : = (a + c)2 – (a – c)2 = 4ac
x(1) + y(–1) + 2(x + 1) – 3(y – 1) –12 = 0 Þ AM2 = XY2 = 4ac
3x – 4y – 7 = 0 ...(i) Þ XY = 2 ac
The required circle is tangent to (1) at (1, –1).
\ (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + l (3x – 4y – 7) = 0 ...(ii) Similarly, YZ = 2 ba and XZ = 2 bc
Equation (ii) passes through Q(4, 0) Then, XZ = XY + YZ
Þ 32 + 12 + l(12 – 7) = 0 Þ 5l + 10 = 0 Þ l = –2
Equation (2) becomes x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y + 16 = 0 Þ 2 bc = 2 ac + 2 ba
radius = (-4)2 + (5)2 - 16 = 5 1 1 1

Þ +
=
a b c
26. (d) 28. (d) Consider the equation of circles as,

x2 + y2 – 16x – 20y + 164 = r2
30 r
a i.e. (x – 8)2 + (y – 10)2 = r2 ...(i)
2 and (x – 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 36 ...(ii)
(–5,–6) Both the circles intersect each other at two distinct points.
Distance between centres
= (8 - 4)2 + (10 - 7)2 = 5

\ |r – 6| < 5 < |r + 6|
\ If |r – 6| < 5 Þ r Î (1, 11) ...(iii)
Let the sides of equilateral D inscribed in the circle be a, and |r + 6| > 5 Þ r Î (–฀ , –11) È (–1, ฀ ) ...(iv)
From (iii) and (iv),
a
then cos 30 = r Î (1, 11)
2r
3 a 29. (a)
= Þ a = 3r
2 2r
B
3 2 æ 1ö
Then, area of the equilateral triangle = a çè 0, ÷ø
2
4
3
( 3r ) 3 3 2
2
= = r
4 4
But it is given that area of equilateral triangle = 27 3 Let equation of circle be x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0
As length of intercept on x axis is 1 = 2 g 2 - c
3 3 2
Then, 27 3 = r
4 1
Þ |g| =
r2 = 36 Þ r = 6 2
2 2 1
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö = 2 f 2 -c
But ç - coeff. of x÷ + ç - coeff. of y÷ length of intercept on y-axis =
è 2 ø è 2 ø 2
– constant term = r2 1
Þ |f|=
(–5)2 + (–6)2 – c = 36 Þ c = 25 4
Equation of circle that passes through given points is
27. (a) y
C x2 + y2 – x – =0
B 2
M Tangent at (0, 0) is,
A
X Y Z

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( x - 0)
æ dy ö (x2 – x1 )2 + (y2 – y1)2 = (2 – 3)2 + (3 – 4)2 = 2
(y – 0) = çè dx ÷ø × (x - 0)
(0,0) units.
Þ 2x + y = 0 33. (c) As origin is the only common point to x-axis and
Perpendicular distance from B(1, 0) on the tangent to the y-axis, so, origin is the common vertex
1 Let the equation of two of parabolas be y 2 = 4ax and
x2 = 4by
circle = 2 Now latus rectum of both parabolas = 3
5
æ 1ö 3
Perpendicular distance from B ç 0, ÷ on the tangent to \ 4a = 4b = 3 Þ a = b =
è 2ø 4
2 \ Two parabolas are y2 = 3x and x2 = 3y
the circle =
5 Suppose y = mx + c is the common tangent.

1
+2 \ y2 = 3x Þ (mx + c)2 = 3x Þ m2x2 + (2mc – 3) x + c2 = 0
2 5
Sum of perpendicular distance = = . As, the tangent touches at one point only
5 2
2 So, b2 – 4ac = 0
30. (c) Equation of tangent at (1, 7) to x = y – 6 is
2x – y + 5 = 0. Þ (2mc – 3)2 – 4m2c2 = 0
Þ 4m2c2 + 9 – 12mc – 4m2c2 = 0
(–8, –6) 2x–y+5=0 9 3
Þc= = .... (i)
O 12 m 4 m
P
\ x2 = 3y Þ x2 = 3 (mx + c) Þ x2 – 3mx – 3c = 0
Again, b2 – 4ac = 0
Þ 9m2 – 4 (1) (– 3c) = 0
Now, perpendicular from centre O(–8, –6) to Þ 9m2 = – 12c ..... (ii)
2x – y + 5 = 0 should be equal to radius of the circle Form (i) and (ii)
\ -16 + 6 + 5 – 4c – 4 æ 3 ö
= 64 + 36 - C m2 = = ç ÷
5 3 3 è 4m ø
Þ 5 = 100 - c Þ c = 95
–3
31. (d) Given circle is: Þ m3 = – 1 Þ m = – 1 Þ c =
4
x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 4 = 0
\ its centre is (– 1, 2) and radius is 3 units. 3
Let A = (x, y) be the centre of the circle C Hence, y = mx + c = – x –
4
x -1 y+2 Þ 4 (x + y) + 3 = 0
\ = 2 Þ x = 5 and =2 Þ y=2
2 2 34. (a) Here, equation of tangent on C1 at (2, 1) is:
So the centre of C is (5, 2) and its radius is 3 2x + y – (x + 2) – 1 = 0
\ equation of centre C is: Or x + y = 3
x2 + y2 – 10x – 4y + 20 = 0 If it cuts off the chord of the circle C2 then the equation of
\ The length of the intercept it cuts on the x-axis the chord is:
x+y=3
= 2 g - c = 2 25 - 20 = 2 5
2
\ distance of the chord from (3, – 2) is :
32. (c) Equation of the line passing through the points (2, 3)
and (4, 5) is 3- 2-3
d= = 2
æ5–3ö 2
y–3= ç ÷ x – 2 Þ x – y + 1 = 0 ..... (i) Also, length of the chord is l = 4
è4– 2ø
2
Equation of the perpendicular line passing through the æl ö
\ radius of C2 = r = ç ÷ +d
2
midpoint (3, 4) is x + y – 7 = 0 ..... (ii) è2ø
Lines (1) and (2) intersect at the center of the circle. So, the
center of the circle is (3, 4) = (2)2 + ( 2) 2 = 6
Therefore, the radius is

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35. (None) 2x2 + 2y2 – y – 1 = 0

(Let the equation of circle be Þ x2 + y2 – 1/2y – 1/2 = 0
x2 + (y – k)2 = r2 2
2 æ 1ö 9
It touches x – y = 0 Þ x +çy- ÷ =
è 4ø 16
3
Þ r=
4
37. (b) P (4, 7). Here, x = 4, y = 7
x – y = –3
\ PA × PB = PT2
x 2 + y2 - ( x - y )
2
Also; PT =
0
Þ PT = 16 + 49 - 9 = 56
Þ PT2 = 56 \ PA × PB = 56
38. (c)
5
0-k a
Þ =r 60o
2 c
Þ k= r 2 2 120o
\ Equation of circle becomes
b
k2
x2 + (y – k)2 = ...(i)
2
It touches y = 4 – x2 as well a 2 + b 2 - c2
\ Solving the two equations Here; cos q =
2ab
k2 and q = 60o
Þ 4 – y + (y – k) = 2
2 4 + 25 - c2
Þ cos 60o =
2.2.5
k2
Þ 1y2 – y(2k + 1) + + 4= 0 Þ 10 = 29 – c2
2 Þ c2 = 19
It will give equal roots \ D = 0
Þ c = 19
æ k2 ö
Þ (2k + 1) = 4 ç + 4 ÷
2
è 2 ø a 2 + b 2 - c2
also; cos q =
2ab
Þ 2k2 + 4k – 15 = 0
and q = 120o
-2 + 34
Þ k= 1 a 2 + b2 - 19
2 Þ- =
2 2ab
k -2 + 34 Þ a + b – 19 = –ab
2 2
\ r= =
2 2 2 Þ a2 + b2 + ab = 19
Which is not matching with any of the option given here.
1 1
36. (c) Let = x + y \ Area = ´ 2 ´ 5 sin 60 + ab sin120o = 4 3
2 2
éæ ix - y - 2 öæ x - ( y - 1) i ö ù
Im êçç ÷ç
÷ç ÷÷ ú + 1 = 0 5 3 ab 3
ëêè x + ( y - 1) i øè x - ( y - 1) i ø ûú Þ
2
+
4
= 4 3
On solving, we get:

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ab 5 3
Þ 2 cos2 q = 8/7
Þ = 4- = Þ cos2 q = 4/7
4 2 2
4
Þ ab = 6 Þ cos2 q =
7
\ a + b2 = 13
2
2
Þ cos2 f =
Þ a = 2, b = 3 7
Perimeter = Sum of all sides = 2 + 5 + 2 + 3 = 12 1
39. (a) Let = x + iy Also, sec2 f = 7 = =7
2 cos 2 f - 1
Þ 2 |x + i (y + 3) = |x + i (y – 1)|
1 8 2
Þ 2 x2 + ( y + 3) = x2 + ( y -1)
2 2 = cos2 f – 1 = = 2 cos2 f = = cos f =
7 7 7
Þ 4x2 + 4(y + 3)2 = x2 + (y – 1)2 4 4 8

Þ 3x2 = y2 – 2y + 1 – 4y2 – 24y – 36 P1P2 = r cos q + r cos f = + =
7 7 7
Þ 3x2 + 3y2 + 26y + 35 = 0 (which is a circle)
26 35 42. (d)
Þ x2 + y2 + y+ =0 (–3, 2)
S
3 3
O
169 35
Þ r= 0+ -
9 3 5 2
5
64 8 B A
Þ r= = (2, –3)
9 3
40. (b) Given that x 2 + y 2 - 5 x - y + 5 = 0

Given, centre of S is O (–3, 2) and centre of given circle is
25 2 2
x -– 5/2)2 –-
Þ (x ++ (yy –- 1/2)2 –-1/4 =+ 0 = A(2, –3) and radius is 5.
4
Þ (x – 5/2)2 + (y – 1/2)2 = 3/2 OA = 5 2
Also AB = 5 (Q AB = radius of the given circle)
é æ 1 öù
on circle êQ º ç 5 / 2 + 3 / 2 cos Q, + 3 / 2 sin Q ÷ ú Using pythagoras theorem in DOAB
ë è 2 øû
r=5 3
2 2
æ5 ö æ5 ö 43. (a) Point of intersection of lines
Þ PQ2 = ç + 3 / 2 cos Q ÷ + ç + 3 / 2 sin Q ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø æ 4 1ö
x – y = 1 and 2x + y = 3 is ç , ÷
25 3 è 3 3ø
Þ PQ2 = + + 5 3 / 2 ( cos Q + sin Q )
2 2 1 4
+1
= 14 + 5 3 / 2 ( cos Q + sin Q ) Slope of OP =
3 = 3 =4
4 1
\ Maximum value of PQ2 -1
3 3
= 14 + 5 3 / 2 ´ 2 = 14 + 5 3 Slope of tangent = -
1
4
41. (b) P1 1
Equation of tangent y+1=– (x – 1)
4
2 f 2
4y + 4 = – x + 1
O x + 4y + 3 = 0
2 2
q
P2
O æ 4 1ö
(1,–1) P ç ÷
è 3, 3 ø
Since cos 2q = 1/7 Þ 2 cos2 Q – 1 = 1/7

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(a – 1)2 + (b – 2)2 = (2 – 1)2 + (3 – 2)2

(a – 1)2 + (b –2)2 = 1 + 1 = 2
44. (a) Y
(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = ( 2)2
Compare with
(x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
–2,4
A Therefore, given locus is a circle with centre (1, 2) and
E
radius 2.
D 46. (a) x + y2 – 4x – 6y – 12 = 0
2
...(i)
G B (0, 2)
C Centre, C1 = (2, 3)
F Radius, r1 = 5 units
X¢ X
O x2 + y2 + 6x + 18y + 26 = 0 ...(ii)
Centre, C2 = (–3, –9)

Radius, r2 = 8 units
Y¢ C1C2 = (2 + 3)2 + (3 + 9)2 = 13 units
EF = perpendicular bisector of chord AB r1 + r2 = 5 + 8 = 13

BG = perpendicular to y-axis \ C1 C2 = r1 + r2
Here C = centre of the circle
mid-point of chord AB, D = (– 1, 3)
4-2
slope of AB = =–1
-2 - 0 C1
Q EF ^ AB
\ Slope of EF = 1 C2
Equation of EF, y – 3 = 1(x +1)
Þ y=x+4 ...(i) Therefore there are three common tangents.
Equation of BG 47. (a) Let radius of circumcircle be
y=2 ...(ii) According to the question,
From equations (i) and (ii)
r 10
x = – 2, y = 2 = Þr=4
since C be the point of intersection of EF and BG, therefore 2 5
So equation of required circle is
centre, C = (–2, 2)
Now coordinates of centre C satisfy the equation (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 16
2x – 3y + 10 = 0 Þ x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y – 14 = 0
Hence 2x – 3y + 10 = 0 is the equation of the diameter 48. (b) Let ‘h’ be the radius of the circle and since circle
45. (a) Intersection point of 2x – 3y + 4 = 0 and touches y–axis at (0, 2) therefore centre = (h, 2)
x – 2y + 3 = 0 is (1, 2)
A(2, 3)
(h, 2) h (0, 2)
P
(1, 2) A m B
(–1, 0)
B(a, b)
Now, eqn of circle is
Let image of A(2, 3) is B(a, b). (h + 1)2 + 22 = h2
Since, P is the fixed point for given family of lines Þ 2h + 5 = 0
So, PB = PA 5
h=–
2

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From the figure, it is clear that AB is the chord along

x –axis 52. (b)
C
25 æ 3ö
\ AB = 2 (AM) = 2 - 4 = 2ç ÷ = 3
4 è 2ø (0, y) (1, 1)
T
4 P (o, h)
49. (a) OP =
sin q
Equation of circle
4
OB = C º ( x - 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 1
cos q 4
q Radius of T = | y |
A
0 B
T touches C externally therefore,
Distance between the centres = sum of their radii
Þ (0 - 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 1+ | y |
16 32 Þ (0 – 1)2 + (y –1)2 = (1 + |y|)2
Area = OP × OB = =
sin q cos q sin 2q
Þ 1 + y2 + 1 – 2y = 1 + y2 + 2| y |
least value sin2q = 1; q = 45
2 | y | = 1 – 2y
4
So, h = =4 2 1
sin 45° If y > 0 then 2y = 1 – 2y Þ y =
50. (d) Given that y + 3x = 0 is the equation of a chord of the 4
circle then If y < 0 then –2y = 1 – 2y Þ 0 = 1 (not possible)
y = – 3x ....(i) 1
2 2
(x ) + (– 3x) – 30x = 0 \ y=
4
10x2 – 30x = 0 53. (a) Given circle is x2 + y2 – 16 = 0
10x(x – 3) = 0 Eqn of chord say AB of given circle is
3x + y + 5 = 0.
x = 0, y = 0 Equation of required circle is
so the equation of the circle is
x 2 + y 2 - 16 + l (3x + y + 5) = 0
(x – 3) (x – 0) + (y + 9) (y – 0) = 0
x2 – 3x + y2 + 9y = 0 Þ x 2 + y 2 + (3l ) x + (l ) y + 5l - 16 = 0 ...(1)
x2 + y2 – 3x + 9y = 0
æ -3l -l ö
51. (a) Radius Centre C = çè , ÷.
2 2 ø
4 +1 5 5
CP = = = 2 If line AB is the diameter of circle (1), then
2 2 2
æ -3l -l ö
Cç
è 2 2 ÷ø
, will lie on line AB.
y
æ -3l ö æ -l ö
i.e. 3 çè ÷ +ç ÷ +5 = 0
2 ø è 2 ø
C(4, 1) 9l - l
Þ - +5=0Þl =1
2
Hence, required eqn of circle is
x
(0, 0) P (1, 0) x 2 + y 2 + 3x + y + 5 - 16 = 0
x+ Þ x 2 + y 2 + 3x + y - 11 = 0
(0, – 1) y=
0

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54. (d) Let, x2 + y2 = 16 or x2 + y2 = 42 Þ 34 – P < 25

radius of circle r1 = 4, centre C1 (0, 0) ÞP>9 ...(ii)
we have, x2 + y2 – 2y = 0 Also if the circle does not touch or intersect x-axis the
Þ x2 + (y2 – 2y + 1) – 1 = 0 or x2 + (y – 1)2 = 12 radius r < x-coordinate of centre C.
Radius 1, centre C2 (0, 1) or 34 - P < 3 Þ 34 - P < 9 Þ P > 25 ... (iii)
|C1C2 | = 1 If the point (1, 4) is inside the circle, then its distance
from centre C < r.
| r2 – r1| = |4 – 1| = 3
| C1C2| < |r2 – r1| or [(3 - 1)2 + (5 - 4)2 ] < 34 - P
55. (b) The equations of the circles are Þ 5 < 34 – K
2 2
x + y - 10 x - 10 y + l = 0 ...(1) Þ P < 29 ... (iv)
2 2
and x + y - 4 x - 4 y + 6 = 0 ...(2) Now all the conditions (ii), (iii) and (iv) are satisfied if 25
 y1 )
d = distance between centres a b
Hence, perpendicular distance of the variable line
= C1C2 = 9 + 9 = 18
x y
+ = 1 from the point O (0, 0) = OA
r1 = 50 - l , r2 = 2 a b
O (0, 0)
For exactly two common tangents we have
-1
r1 - r2 < C1C2 < r1 + r2 Þ = x12 + y12
1 1
+
Þ 50 - l - 2 < 3 2 < 50 - l + 2 a2 b2
Þ 50 - l - 2 < 3 2 or 3 2 < 50 - l + 2 A x x
Þ
1
= x12 + y12 + = 1
Þ 50 - l < 4 2 or 2 2 < 50 - l (x1, y1, 0) a b
1 1
+ 2
2
Þ 50 - l < 32 or 8 < 50 - l a b
Þ l > 18 or l < 42 é 1 1 1ù
Þ 4 = x12 + y12 êQ 2 + 2 = 4 ú ,
Required interval is (18, 42) ë a b û
which is equation of a circle with radius 2.
56. (d) Y Hence (x1, y1) i.e., the foot of the perpendicular from the
x x
point (0, 0) to the variable line + = 1 is lies on a
a b
circle with radius = 2
r C (3, 5) 58. (c) Since circle touches x-axis at (3, 0)
\ The equation of circle be
r (x – 3)2 + (y – 0)2 + ly = 0
The equation of circle is

x 2 + y 2 - 6 x - 10 y + P = 0 ...(i) A (3, 0)
( x - 3)2 + ( y - 5)2 = ( 34 - P)2
Centre (3, 5) and radius 'r' = 34 - P A
If circle does not touch or intersect the x-axis then radius (1, –2)
x < y - coordiante of centre C
or 34 - P < 5

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As it passes through (1, –2)

x 2 + y2 + 4x - 6y -12 = 0
\ Put x = 1, y = –2
Þ (1 – 3)2 + (–2)2 + l(–2) = 0 \ A = (– 2, 3) and B = (g, f)
Þ l=4 Now, from the figure, we have
\ equation of circle is
(x – 3)2 + y2 – 8 = 0 -2 + g 3+ f
= 1 and = -1 (By mid point formula)
Now, from the options (5, –2) satisfies equation of circle. 2 2
59. (*) Given information is incomplete in the question.
Þ g = 4 and f = – 5
60. (a) Circle : x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y = 0 ...(i)
63. (a) Let C = (x, y)
Line : 2x + y = 5 ...(ii)
Now, CA2 = CB2 = AB2
Centre = (3, – 1)
Þ (x + a)2 + y2 = (x – a)2 + y2 = (2a)2
Now, 2 × 3 – 1 = 5, hence centre lies on the given line.
Therefore line passes through the centre. The given line is Þ x2 + 2ax + a2 + y2 = 4a2 ...(i)
normal to the circle. and x2 – 2ax + a2 + y2 = 4a2 ...(ii)
Thus statement-2 is true, but statement-1 is not true as
From (i) and (ii), x = 0 and y = ± 3a
there are infinite circle according to the given conditions.
Since point C(x, y) lies above the x-axis and a > 0, hence y
10 10 10 = 3a
2x + y = 5
\ C = (0, 3a)
Let the equation of circumcircle be
61. (b) Y x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + C = 0
Since points A(– a, 0), B(a, 0) and C(0, 3a ) lie on the
circle, therefore
a2 – 2ga + C = 0 ...(iii)
4 (3, 4) 2
a + 2ga + C = 0 ...(iv)
and 3a2 + 2 3af + C = 0 ...(v)

X
O 3 From (iii), (iv), and (v)
a
g = 0, c = – a2, f = -
3
x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + (25 – a2) = 0 Hence equation of the circumcircle is
Radius = 4 = 9 + 16 + (25 - a 2 ) 2a
x2 + y2 - y - a2 = 0
Þ a=±4 3
62. (a) Let A be the centre of given circle and B be the centre
2 3ay
of circle C. Þ x2 + y2 – - a2 = 0
3
D(4, 0)
Þ 3x2 + 3y2 – 2 3ay = 3a2
64. (d) Point of intersection of two given lines is (1, 1). Since
each of the two given lines contains a diameter of the
O given circle, therefore the point of intersection of the two
A B
(1, –1) given lines is the centre of the given circle.
Hence centre = (1, 1)

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M-176 Mathematics
\ a2 – 7a + 11 = 1 Þ a = 2, 5 ...(i) 3
Radius = units.
and a – 6a + 6 = 1 Þ a = 1, 5
2
...(ii) 2
From both (i) and (ii), a = 5 Y
2
Now on replacing each of (a – 7a + 11) and
(a2 – 6a + 6) by 1, the equation of the given circle is
x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + b3 + 1 = 0
A(0, 1)
Þ (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 + b3 = 1
Þ b3 = 1 – [(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2]
\ b Î (– ¥, 1)
X¢ B O X
65. (a) Since, circle touches , the x-axis at (1, 0). So, let centre æ 3 ö
of the circle be (1, h) çè – , 0÷ø
Y¢
(1, h) (2, 3) Line : y = mx + 1
C B y-intercept of the line = 1
A (1, 0) X \ A = (0, 1)
OA
Slope of line, m = tan q =
OB
Given that circle passes through the point B (2,3) 1 2
Þ m= =
\ CA = CB (radius) 3 3
Þ CA2 = CB2 2
Þ (1 – 1)2 + (h – 0)2 = (1 – 2)2 + ( h – 3)2 Þ 3m – 2 = 0
Þ h2 = 1 + h2 + 9 – 6h 68. (a) Let P(1, 0) and Q(–1, 0), A(x, y)
10 5 AP BP CP 1
Þ h= = Given: = = =
6 3 AQ BQ CQ 2
Þ 2AP = AQ
10
\ Length of the diameter = Þ 4(AP)2 = AQ2
3
Þ 4[(x – 1)2 + y2] = (x + 1)2 + y2
66. (c) Given circles are
Þ 4(x2 + 1 – 2x) + 4y2 = x2 + 1 + 2x + y2
x2 + y2 – 8x – 2y + 1 = 0
Þ 3x2 + 3y2 – 8x – 2x + 4 – 1 = 0
and x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y = 0
Þ 3x2 + 3y2 – 10x + 3 = 0
Their centres and radius are
10
Þ x2 + y2 – x +1=0 ...(1)
C1 (4, 1), r1 = 16 = 4 3
\ A lies on the circle given by (1). As B and C also follow
C2 (– 3, – 4), r2 = 25 = 5 the same condition.
\ Centre of circumcircle of DABC = centre of circle given
Now, C1C2 = 49 + 25 = 74
æ5 ö
by (1) = ç ,0÷ .
r1 – r2 = – 1, r1 + r2 = 9 è3 ø
Since, r1 – r2 < C1C2 < r1 + r2 69. (d) Point (1, 2) lies on the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 11 = 0,
because coordinates of point (1, 2) satisfy the equation
\ Number of common tangents = 2
x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 11 = 0
67. (b) Circle : x2 + y2 + 3x = 0 Now, x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 21 = 0 ...(i)
æ 3 ö x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 11 = 0 ...(ii)
Centre, B = ç – , 0÷ 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 ...(iii)
è 2 ø

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From (i) and (iii), 73. (a) The given circles are
2 S1 º x2 + y2 + 3x + 7y + 2p – 5 = 0....(1)
æ 3x + 5 ö æ 3x + 5 ö
x2 + ç – ÷ – 4 x – 6 èç – ÷ – 21 = 0 S 2 º x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – p2 = 0 ....(2)
è 4 ø 4 ø \ Equation of common chord PQ is
Þ 16x2 + 9x2 + 30x + 25 – 64x + 72x + 120 – 336 = 0 S1 – S2 = 0 [From (i) and (ii)]
Þ 25x2 + 38x –191 = 0 ...(iv) Þ L º x + 5 y + p2 + 2 p - 5 = 0
From (ii) and (iii), Þ Equation of circle passing through P and Q is
2 S1 + l L = 0
æ 3x + 5 ö æ 3x + 5 ö
x2 + ç – ÷ + 2 x + 2 çè – ÷ –11 = 0 Þ (x2 + y2 + 3x + 7y + 2p – 5)
è 4 ø 4 ø
+ l (x + 5y + p2 +2p – 5) = 0
Þ 16x2 + 9x2 + 30x + 25 + 32x – 24x – 40 – 176 = 0
Given that it passes through (1, 1), therefore
Þ 25x2 + 38x –191 = 0 ...(v)
(7 + 2p ) + l (2p + p2 + 1) = 0
Thus we get the same equation from (ii) and (iii) as we get
from equation (i) and (iii). Hence the point of intersections 2p + 7
Þ l =–
of (ii) and (iii) will be same as the point of intersections of ( p + 1) 2
(i) and (iii). Therefore the circle (ii) passing through the which does not exist for p = – 1
point of intersection of circle(i) and point (1, 2) also as
74. (a) Given that P (1, 0), Q (– 1, 0)
shown in the figure.
AP BP CP 1
and = = =
(1, 2) AQ BQ CQ 3
Þ 3AP = AQ
Let A = (x, y) then
3AP = AQ Þ 9 AP2= AQ2
x2 + y2 + 2x+ 2y – 11 = 0 Þ 9 (x – 1)2 + 9y2 = (x + 1)2 + y2
Þ 9 x2 – 18x + 9 + 9y2 = x2 +2x +1 + y2
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 21 = 0 Þ 8x2 – 20x + 8y2 + 8 = 0
5
Hence equation(ii) i.e. Þ x2 + y2 – x +1 = 0 ....(1)
3
x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 11 = 0 is the equation of required circle. \ A lies on the circle given by eq (1). As B and C also
70. (b) Given circle whose diametric end points are (1,0) and follow the same condition, they must lie on the same circle.
(0,1) will be of smallest radius. Equation of this smallest \ Centre of circumcircle of D ABC
circle is
(x – 1) (x – 0) + (y – 0) (y – 1) = 0 æ5 ö
= Centre of circle given by (1) = ç , 0÷
è4 ø
Þ x2 + y2 – x – y = 0
71. (a) If the two circles touch each other and centre (0, 0) of 75. (c) The given circle is x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y –3 = 0
x2 + y2 = c2 is lies on circle x2 + y2 = ax then they must
touch each other internally.
a a
So, = c- Þ a =c P(1,0) Q(a,b)
2 2 C(–1, –2)
72. (a) Given equation of circle is
x2 + y 2 - 4 x - 8 y - 5 = 0
Centre (–g, –f ) = (–1, –2)
Centre = (2, 4), Radius = 4 + 16 + 5 = 5 Let Q ( h, k) be the point diametrically opposite to the
Given circle is intersecting the line 3 x - 4 y = m, at two point P(1, 0),
distinct points. 1+ h 0+k
then = –1 and = –2
Þ length of perpendicular from centre to the line < radius 2 2
6 - 16 - m Þ h = –3, k = – 4
Þ < 5 Þ 10 + m < 25 So, Q is (–3, –4)
5
Þ –25 < m + 10 < 25 Þ – 35 < m < 15

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M-178 Mathematics
76. (d) Equation of circle whose centre is (h, k) and touch \ Using 2 g1 g2 + 2 f1 f 2 = c1 + c2 , we get
the x-axis
i.e (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = k2 2(-a ) ´ 0 + 2(- b) ´ 0 = c1 - p2
Þ c1 = p 2
Let equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2by + p 2 = 0

(h, k) Q It passes through (a, b)
(-1,1) Þ a 2 + b 2 - 2aa - 2bb + p 2 = 0

X' X \ Locus of (a, b) is
\ 2ax + 2by - (a 2 + b 2 + p 2 ) = 0 .
80. (d)
(radius of circle = k because circle is tangent to x-axis)
Q Equation of circle passing through (–1, 1) q
\ (–1 –h) + (1 – k) = k
2 2 2 3q
Þ 1 + h + 2h + 1 + k – 2k = k2
2 2
Þ h2 + 2h – 2k + 2 = 0
D³0
Given that area of one sector
\ (2) – 4 × 1.(–2k + 2) ³ 0
2
= 3 × area of another sector
1 Þ Angle at centre by one sector = 3 ´ angle at centre
Þ 4 – 4(–2k + 2) ³ 0 Þ 1 + 2k – 2 ³ 0 Þ k ³
2 by another sector
77. (d) Given that centre of circle be (0, 0) and radius is 3 unit Let one angle be q then other = 3q
Let M(h, k) be the mid point of chord AB where
Clearly q + 3q = 180 Þ q = 45o (Linear pair)
2p
ÐAOB = \ Angle between the diameters represented by pair of
3 equation
ax 2 + 2 ( a + b ) xy + by 2 = 0 is 45o
O (0, 0)
3 2 h2 - ab
p/3 \ Using tan q =
A
a+b
M(h, k) B
p p 3 we get, tan 45o =

2 ( a + b) 2 - ab
\ ÐAOM = . Also OM = 3cos = a+b
3 3 2
3 9 2 a 2 + b2 + ab
Þ h2 + k 2 = Þ h2 + k 2 = Þ1=
2 4 a+b
( )
9
Þ ( a + b) = 4 a 2 + b2 + ab
2 2
\ Locus of (h, k) is x + y = 2
4
78. (d) On solving we get point of intersection of
Þ a 2 + b 2 + 2 ab = 4a 2 + 4b 2 + 4ab
3x - 4 y - 7 = 0 and 2 x - 3 y - 5 = 0 is (1, - 1) which is
the centre of the circle Þ 3a 2 + 3b 2 + 2 ab = 0
Area of circle = pr2 = 49p 81. (b) Given that
\ radius = 7 s1 = x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0
\ Equation is ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 49 s2 = x 2 + y 2 - 3ax + dy - 1 = 0
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y - 47 = 0 Equation of common chord PQ of circles s1 and s2 is
79. (d) Let the centre variable circle be (a, b) given by s1 - s2 = 0
2 2 2 Þ 5ax + (c - d ) y + a + 1 = 0
Q It cuts the circle x + y = p orthogonally

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Given that 5x + by – a = 0 passes through P and Q Circumference of circle = 2pr = 10p

\ The two equations should represent the same line \ r = 5.
a b c
Þ 1 = 1 = 1 Required circle is, ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 52
a2 b2 c2
a c - d a +1 Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y - 23 = 0
Þ = = Þ a + 1 = -a2
1 b -a
85. (d) Solving y = x and the circle
a2 + a + 1 = 0 [Q D = –3]
\ No real value of a. x 2 + y 2 - 2 x = 0, we get
82. (b) Let the equation of circle is
x = 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 1
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ......(1) \ Extremities of diameter of the required circle are A (0, 0)
It passes through (a, b) and B (1, 1). Hence, the equation of circle is
\ a 2 + b2 + 2 ga + 2 fb + c = 0 ......(2) ( x - 0)( x - 1) + ( y - 0)( y - 1) = 0
Circle (1) cuts x 2 + y 2 = 4 orthogonally Þ x2 + y 2 - x - y = 0

Two circles intersect orthogonally if 2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2 86. (b) Q Given two circles intersect at two points
\ 2( g ´ 0 + f ´ 0) = c - 4 Þ c = 4 \ r1 - r2 < C1C2
Þ r -3 < 5 Þ 0 < r < 8 .... (1)
\ from (2) a 2 + b2 + 2 ga + 2 fb + 4 = 0
and r1 + r2 > C1C 2 , r + 3 > 5 Þ r > 2 .... (2)
\ Locus of centre (–g, –f ) is
From (1) and (2), 2 < r < 8.
a 2 + b2 - 2ax - 2by + 4 = 0
87. (d) Area of circle = pr 2 = 154 Þ r = 7
2
or 2ax + 2by = a + b + 4 2 For centre, solving equation
83. (d) Let the variable circle be 2 x - 3 y = 5& 3x - 4 y = 7 we get, x = 1, y = -1
\ centre = (1, –1 )
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ....(1)
Since it passes through (p, q) Equation of circle, ( x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 = 72
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 2 y = 47
\ p 2 + q 2 + 2 gp + 2 fq + c = 0 ....(2)
88. (c) Given equation of circle x2 + y2 = 1 = (1)2
Circle (1) touches x-axis,
Þ x2 + y2 = (y – mx)2
\ g 2 - c = 0 Þ c = g 2 . From (2) Þ x2 = m2x2 – 2 mxy;
Þ x2 (1 – m2) + 2mxy = 0. Which represents the pair of
p 2 + q 2 + 2 gp + 2 fq + g 2 = 0 ....(3)
lines between which the angle is 45o.
Let the other end of diameter through (p, q) be (h, k),
then 2 m2 - 0
±2 m
\ tan 45 = ± = ;
h+ p k+q 1 - m2 1 - m2
= - g and =-f
2 2 Þ 1 – m2 = ± 2m Þ m2 ± 2m – 1 = 0
Putting value of g and f in (3), we get
-2 ± 4 + 4 -2 ± 2 2
Þm= = = -1 ± 2 .
æ h + pö
2
2 2
p + q + 2pç- æ k + qö æ h + pö 2 2
è ÷ + 2q ç - ÷ +ç ÷ =0
2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø 89. (a) Q The centre C of circle of radius 3 lies on circle of
2 2 radius 5. Let P(x, y) in the smaller circle.
Þ h + p - 2hp - 4kq = 0
\ locus of (h, k) is Y
2 2 B
x + p - 2 xp - 4 yq = 0
P
A C
Þ ( x - p )2 = 4qy
X
84. (d) Two diameters are along O
2 x + 3 y + 1 = 0 and 3x - y - 4 = 0
On solving we get centre (1, –1) we should have

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OA £ OP £ OB [From (ii)]
Þ (5 - 3) £ x 2 + y 2 £ 5 + 3 Þ 2m12 + ym1 + ( x + 2) = 0 ...(iii)

From (i) and (iii),
Þ 4 £ x 2 + y 2 £ 64
90. (b) Let the required circle be x +1 - y 1
= = Þ x+3=0
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 2 y x+2
Since it passes through (0, 0) and (1, 0)
93. (d) Circle passes through A(0, 1) and B(2, 4). So its centre
On putting these values, we get
is the point of intersection of perpendicular bisector of AB
1 and normal to the parabola at (2, 4).
Þ c = 0 and g = -
2 Perpendicular bisector of AB;
Points (0, 0) and (1, 0) lie inside the circle x2 + y2 = 9, so
two circles touch internally 5 2
y- = - ( x - 1) Þ 4 x + 6 y = 19
...(i)
Þ c1c2 = r1 – r2 2 3
3 Equation of normal to the parabola at (2, 4) is,
\ g 2 + f 2 = 3 - g 2 + f 2 Þ g2 + f 2 =
2
1
Squaring both side, we get y - 4 = - ( x - 2) Þ x + 4 y = 18 ...(ii)
4
9 1
Þ f2 = - =2 \f =± 2.
4 4 16 53
\ From (i) and (ii), x = - , y=
Hence, the centres of required circle are 5 10
æ1 ö æ1 ö æ 16 53ö
ç , 2 ÷ or ç ,- 2 ÷ \ Centre of the circle is ç - , ÷
è2 ø è2 ø è 5 10 ø
91. (c) Let ABC be an equilateral triangle, whose median is 94. (b) Equation tangent to parabola y2 = 4x with slope m be:
AD.
1
In equilateral triangle median is also altitude y = mx + ...(i)
m
So, AD ^ BC A Q Equation of tangent to x2 = 4y with slope m be :
Given AD = 3a.
y = mx - am 2 ...(ii)
Let AB = BC = AC = x.
From eq. (i) and (ii),
In DABD, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ; O
Þ x2 = 9a2 + (x2/4) B C
1
= - m 2 Þ m = -1
D
3 2 m
x = 9a2 Þ x2 = 12a2. \ Equation tangent : x + y + 1 = 0
4
In D OBD, OB2 = OD2 + BD2 It is tangent to circle x2 + y2 = c2
x2 1
Þ r2 = (3a – r)2 + Þc=
4 2
Þ r2 = 9a2 – 6ar + r2 + 3a2
Þ 6ar = 12a2 95. (c) P
Þ r = 2a R
So equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 4a2 M
Q
1
92. (a) L1 : y = m1 ( x + 1) + [Tangent to y2 = 4(x + 1)]
m1 N
2
L2 : y = m2 ( x + 2) + [Tangent to y2 = 8(x + 2)]
m2
m12 ( x + 1) - ym1 + 1 = 0 ...(i)
Q y 2 = 12 x
m22 ( x + 2) - ym2 + 2 = 0 ...(ii)
\a = 3
1
Q m2 = - (Q L1 ^ L2 )
m1 Let P(at 2 , 2at )

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Þ N (at 2 , 0) Þ M (at 2 , at ) 4t 1 4t
tan 30° = Þ = Þt = 2 3
Q Equation of QM is y = at 2t 2 3 2t 2
at 2
So, y 2 = 4ax Þ x = 1
4 Area = × 8(2 3) × 2 × 24 = 192 3.
2
æ at 2 ö
Þ Qç , at ÷ æ1 ö
è 4 ø 98. (b) Let parabola y2 = 8x at point ç , -2 ÷ is (2t 2, 4t)
è2 ø
-4 -1
Þ Equation of QN is y = ( x - at 2 ) Þ t=
3t 2
æ 4ö
Q QN passes through ç 0, ÷ , then

è 3ø Parameter of other end of
focal chord is 2
4 4 1
= - ( - at 2 ) Þ at = 1 Þ t = So, coordinates of
3 3t 3 B is (8, 8)
3 2 1 Þ Equation of tangent at B
Now, MQ = at = and PN = 2at = 2 is 8y – 4(x + 8) = 0
4 4
Þ 2y – x = 8
2 Þ x – 2y + 8 = 0
96. (b) y = 4x
L
99. (a) Let point P be (2t, t2) and Q be (h, k)
Using section formula,
2 5 2t -2 + t 2
h= ,k =
3 3
C1 S(1,0) C2
2
æ 3h ö
Hence, locus is 3k + 2 = ç ÷
L'
è 2 ø
Þ 9x2 = 12y + 8
100. (0.5) Let the coordinates of P = P(t2, t)
Distance between the centres
= C1C2 = 2C1S = 2 20 - 4 = 8.
(c) Let A = (2t , 4t ) and B = (2t , - 4t )

2 2
97.
2
A (2 t , 4t)
O 30 M
(0, 0) 30
2 x + t2
B (2 t , –4t) Tangent at P(t2, t) is ty =
2
Þ 2ty = x + t2
For equilateral triangle (ÐAOM = 30°) Q(–t2, 0), O(0, 0)

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0 0 1
1 2 A
t t 1 =4
\ Area of DOPQ = 2
-t 2 0 1 B
ᔴ
(h k) x–y㦨3
Þ |t|3 = 8
t = ± 2 (t > 0) 5
\ 4y = x + 4 is a tangent Þ h= ,k=–1
2
\ P is (4, 2)
103. (d) Equation of tangent on y 2 = 4 2 x is yt = x + 2t 2
1
Now, y = mx \m= This is also tangent on circle
2
101. (c) y = mx + 4 ...(i) 2t 2

Tangent of y2 = 4x is \ = 1 Þ 2t4 = 1 + t2 Þ t2 = 1
1+ t2
1
Þ y = mx + ...(ii) Hence, equation is ± y = x + 2 Þ | c | = 2
m
104. (d) The circle and parabola will have common tangent at
a P (1, 2).
[Q Equation of tangent of y2 = 4 ax is y = mx + ]
m
2)
1
From (i) and (ii)
P(
1 1
4= Þ m=
m 4
1
So, line y = x + 4 is also tangent to parabola
4
x2 = 2by, so solve both equations.

æ x + 16 ö
x 2 = 2b ç ÷ So, equation of tangent to parabola is,
è 4 ø
Þ 2x2 – bx – 16b = 0 4 ( x + 1)
y ´ ( 2) = Þ 2 y = 2x + 2 Þ y = x + 1
Þ D=0 [For tangent] 2
Þ b2 – 4 × 2 × (–16b) = 0 Let equation of circle (by family of circles) is
Þ b2 + 32 × 4b = 0 (x – x1)2 + (y – y1)2 + lT = 0
b = – 128, b = 0 (not possible) Þ c º (x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 + l(x – y + 1) = 0
102. (c) Tangent to the curve y = (x – 2)2 – 1 at any point (h, k) Q circles touches x-axis.
is, \ y-coordinate of centre = radius
1 Þ c = x2 + y2 + (l – 2)x + (– l – 4)y + (l + 5) = 0
Þ ( y + k ) = ( x - 2)(h - 2) - 1
2
2 2
l+4 æ l - 2 ö æ -l - 4 ö
Þ
y+k
= xh - 2 x - 2h + 3
= ç ÷ +ç ÷ - ( l + 5)
2
2 è 2 ø è 2 ø
Þ (2h – 4) x – y – 4h + 6 – k = 0 l 2 - 4l + 4
Given line, x – y – 3 = 0 Þ = l + 5 Þ l2 – 4l + 4 = 4l + 20
4
2h - 4 4h - 6 + k
Þ = =1 Þ l2 – 8l – 16 = 0 Þ l = 4 ± 4 2
1 3

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Þ l = 4 - 4 2 (Q l = 4 + 4 2 forms bigger circle) 107. (d) Since (a, b) touches the given ellipse 4x 2 + y 2 = 8
\ 4a2 + b2 = 8 ...(i)
(
Hence, centre of circle 2 2 - 2, 4 - 2 2 and radius ) Equation of tangent on the ellipse at the point A (1, 2)
is:
=4-2 2
4x + 2y = 8 Þ 2x + y = 4 Þ y = –2x + 4
( ) ( )
2
\ area = p 4 - 2 2 = 8p 3 - 2 2 But, also equation of tangent at P (a, b) is:
105. (a) Q y2 = 16x -4a 8

4ax + by = 8 Þ y = + .
Þa=4 b b
One end of focal chord of the parabola is at (1, 4) Since, tangents are perpendicular to each other.
y – coordinate of focal chord is 2at -4a -1
Þ = Þ b = 8a ...(ii)
\ 2 at = 4 b 2
1 from (1) & (2) we get:
Þt =
2 2 2
Þa=± Þ a2 =
Hence, the required length of focal chord 34 17
2 2 108. (c) To find intersection point of x2 + y2 = 5 and y2 = 4x,
æ 1ö æ 1ö
= a ç t + ÷ = 4 ´ ç 2 + ÷ = 25 substitute y2 = 4x in x2 + y2 = 5, we get
è tø è 2ø
x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 Þ x2 + 5x – x – 5 = 0
106. (c) The shortest distance between line y = x and parabola
Þ x (x + 5) – 1 (x + 5) = 0
= the distance LM between line y = x and tangent of
\ x = 1, – 5
parabola having slope 1.
Intersection point in 1st quadrant be (1, 2).
Y Now, equation of tangent to y2 = 4x at (1, 2) is
y㦨x y × 2 = 2 (x + 1) Þ y = x + 1
Þx–y+1=0 ...(i)
L æ3 7ö
Hence, ç , ÷ lies on (i)
è4 4ø
y 2= x – 2
M
X 109. (c) x2 = 8y
(2 0)
P(2at, at2)
Let equation of tangent of parabola having slope 1 is, q
a
y = m (x – 2) +
m
1
Here m = 1 and a = Then, equation of tangent at P
4
tx = y + at2
7 Þ y = tx – at2
\ equation of tangent is: y = x –
4 Then, slope t = tan q
7 Now, y = tan qx – 2 tan2 q
Distance between the line y – x = 0 and y – x + =0
4 Þ cot qy = x – 2 tan q
7 x = y cot q + 2tan q
-0
4 7 110. (c) Equation of a tangent to parabola y2 = 4x is:
=
= 2 2
1 +1 4 2 1
y = mx +
m

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This line is a tangent to xy = 2

x2
æ 1ö 1 x- 2 +4 2 =0
\ x èç mx + ø÷ = 2 Þ mx + x - 2 = 0
2
4
m m
Q Tangent is common for parabola and hyperbola. 2 x 2 - 4 x - 16 2 = 0
2
æ 1ö x1 + x2 = 2 2, x1x2 = –16, (x1 – x2)2 = 8 + 64 = 72
\ D = ç ÷ - 4 × m × (-2) = 0
è mø Since, points P and Q both satisfy the equations (ii), then
1
+ 8m = 0 x1 - 2 y1 + 4 2 = 0
m2
x1 - 2 y2 + 4 2 = 0
1 + 8 m3 = 0
1 1 (x2 – x1) = 2( y2 - y1 ) Þ (x2 – x1)2 = 2(y2 – y1)2
m3 = - Þm= -
8 2
Þ PQ = ( x2 - x1 )2 + ( y2 - y1 )2
1
\ Equation of common tangent: y = - x - 2
2 ( x2 - y1) 2
Þ 2y = –x – 4 Þ x + 2y + 4 = 0 = ( x2 - x1 )2 +
2
111. (d) y2 = –4(x – a2)
3 3
= | x2 - x1 | × =6 2´ =6 3
2 2
(0, 2a)
Q Hence, length of chord = 6 3.
P 114. (b) Since, vertex and focus of given parabola is (2, 0) and
(a2, 0) (4, 0) respectively
y
R
(0, –2a)
1 x¢ x
Area = (4a)(a2) = 2a3 O
2 (2, 0) (4, 0)
Since 2a3 = 250 Þ a = 5
112. (a, b, c, d)
Normal to y2 = 8ax is
y¢
y = mx – 4am – 2am3 ...(i)
Then, equation of parabola is
and normal to y2 = 4b (x – c) with slope m is
y = m(x – c) – 2bm – bm3 ...(ii) (y – 0)2 = 4 ´ 2(x – 2)
Since, both parabolas have a common normal. Þ y2 = 8x – 16
\ 4am + 2am3 = cm + 2bm + bm3 Hence, the point (8, 6) does not lie on given parabola.
Þ 4a + 2am2 = c + 2b + bm2 or m = 0
115. (b) Since, the equation of tangent to parabola y2 = 4x is
Þ (4a – c – 2b) = (b – 2a) m2
or (X-axis is common normal always) 1
y = mx + ...(i)
Since, x-axis is a common normal. Hence all the options m
are correct for m = 0.
113. (d) Let intersection points be P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) The line (i) is also the tangent to circle
The given equations x2 + y2 – 6x = 0
x2 = 4y ...(i) Then centre of circle = (3, 0)
radius of circle = 3
x - 2y + 4 2 = 0 ...(ii)
The perpendicular distance from centre to tangent is equal
Use eqn (i) in eqn (ii) to the radius of circle

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1
3m + 2 Y
æ 1ö
ç 3m + ÷ = 9 (1 + m )
\ m =3Þ 2 )
16
1 + m2 è mø 16
,
P(
No
1 nt
Þ m= ± ge
rm
n
3 Ta
al
X' X
1 A B(24, 0)
Then, from equation (i): y = ± x± 3 (–16, 0)
3
Hence, 3 y = x + 3 is one of the required common
tangent. Y'
116. (a)
4
Slope of PC (m1) =
3
Slope of PB (m2) = –2
4
+2
m1 - m 2 3
Hence, tan q = =
1 + m1 × m 2 1 - 4 × 2
3
Þ tan q = 2
118. (a) Equation of the chord of contact PQ is given by:
T=0
or T º yy1 – 4(x + x1), where (x1, y1) º (– 8, 0)
\ Equation becomes: x = 8
& Chord of contact is x = 8
Let the coordinates of C is (t2, 2t).
\ Coordinates of point P and Q are (8, 8) and (8, – 8)
Since, area of DACB and focus of the parabola is F (2, 0)
1
t2 2t 1 \ Area of triangle PQF = × (8 – 2) × (8 + 8) = 48 sq. units
1 2
9 6 1 119. (c) c = –29m – 9m3
=2
4 -4 1 a= 2
Given (at2 – a)2 + 4a2t2 = 64
Þ (a(t2 + 1)) = 8
1
= |t2(6 + 4) – 2t(9 – 4) + 1(–36 – 24)| Þ t2 + 1 = 4
2 Þ t2 = 3
1 Þ t= 3
= |10t2 – 10t – 60|
2 \ c = 2at (2 + t2) = 2 3 (5)
= 5|t2 – t – 6|
c = 10 3
2
æ 1ö 25
= 5 èç t - 2 ÷ø - 4 [Here, t Î (0, 3)] 120. (c) y
1
For maximum area, t =
2
x’ x
125 1 P
Hence, maximum area = = 31 sq. units
4 4
117. (a) Equation of tnagent at P(16, 16) is given as:
y’
x – 2y + 16 = 0

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Tangent to x2 + y2 = 4 is 123. (b) Let P(h, k) divides

OQ in the ratio 1 : 3
y = mx + 2 1 + m2 Let any point Q on x2 = 8y is (4t, 2t2).
Also, x2 = 4y
x2 = 4mx + 8 1 + m 2 or x2 = 4mx – 8 1 + m 2 Q (4t, 2t2)

P3
For D = 0 1
2
we have; 16 m2 + 4.8 1 + m = 0 O
2
Þ m2 + 2 1 + m = 0
2
Þ m2 = -2 1 + m
Þ m = 4 + 4m
4 2 Then by section formula
Þ m4 – 4m2 – 4 = 0 t2
Þ k= and h = t
4 ± 16 + 16 2
Þ m2 =
2 Þ 2k = h 2
Required locus of P is x2 = 2y
4± 4 2
Þ m2 = 124. (d) Let P ( -at12 , 2at1 ), Q( -at12 , -2at1 ) and R (h, k)
2
By using section formula, we have
Þ m2 = 2 + 2 2
121. (c) Minimum distance Þ perpendicular distance -2at1
Eqn of normal at p(2t2, 4t) h = -at12 , k =
3
y = –tx + 4t + 2t3
It passes through C(0, –6) 2at1
k= -
t3 + 2t + 3 = 0 Þ t = – 1 3
Þ 3k = –2at1
Þ 9k2 = 4a2 t12 = 4a (–h)
Þ 9k2 = –4ah
Þ 9k2 = –4h Þ 9y2 = –4x
125. (c) Given parabolas are
y2 = 4x ...(1)
x2 = –32y ...(2)
Let m be slope of common tangent
2
P (2t , 4t) Equation of tangent of parabola (1)
C 1
y = mx + ...(i)
m
Centre of new circle = P(2t2, 4t) = P(2, – 4) Equation of tangent of parabola (2)
y = mx + 8m2 ...(ii)
Radius = PC = (2 – 0)2 + (–4 + 6)2 = 2 2 (i) and (ii) are identical
\ Equation of circle is :
1 1 1
( ) = 8m2 Þ m3 = Þ m =
2
(x –2)2 + (y + 4) = 2 2 Þ
m 8 2
Þ x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y + 12 = 0 ALTERNATIVE METHOD:
2 1
122. (a) t1 = – t –
t Let tangent to y2 = 4x be y = mx +
m
4 Since this is also tangent to x2 = – 32y
t12 = t 2 + +4
t2 æ 1ö
\ x 2 = -32 ç mx + ÷
è mø
4 4
t2 + ³ 2 t 2. =4 32
t2 t2 Þ x2 + 32mx + =0
m
Minimum value of t12 = 8 Now, D = 0

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æ 32 ö
(32) 2 - 4 ç ÷ = 0 128. (c)
y2 = 8x
è mø A
3 4 1
Þm = Þ m= x2 + y 2 = 32
32 2
126. (a) Equation of parabola, y2 = 6x
3
Þ y2 = 4 ´ x
2 B
æ3 ö We have
\ Focus = çè , 0÷ø
2 x2 + (8x) = 9
Let equation of chord passing through focus be x2 + 9x – x – 9 = 0
ax + by + c = 0 ...(1) x (x + 9) – 1 (x + 9) = 0
(x + 9) (x – 1) = 0
æ3 ö x = –9, 1
Since chord is passing through ç , 0÷
è2 ø for x = 1, y = ± 2 2 x = ± 2 2
3
\ Put x = , y = 0 in eqn (1), we get
2 L1 = Length of AB = (2 2 + 2 2) 2 + (1 - 1) 2 = 4 2
3 L2 = Length of latus rectum = 4a = 4 × 2 = 8
a+c = 0
2 L1 < L2
3 129. (b) Let common tangent be
Þ c = - a ...(2)
2 5
y = mx +
5 5 m
distance of chord from origin is Since, perpendicular distance from centre of the circle to
2 2 the common tangent is equal to radius of the circle, therefore
a (0) + b(0) + c c
= = 5
2 2
a +b a + b2 2
m 5
=
Squaring both sides 2
1+ m 2
5 c2
= 2 On squaring both the side, we get
4 a + b2 m2 (1 + m2) = 2
4 2 Þ m4 + m2 – 2 = 0
Þ a2 + b2 = c
5 Þ (m2 + 2)(m2 – 1) = 0
Putting value of c from (2), we get
Þ m = ± 1 (Q m2 ¹ –2)
4 9 2
a2 + b2 = ´ a
5 4 ( )
y = ± x + 5 , both statements are correct as m = ±1
9 2 2 4 2 satisfies the given equation of statement-2.
b2 = a - a = a
5 5 130. (b) We know that point of intersection of the normal to
a2 5 a 5 the parabola y 2 = 4ax at the ends of its latus rectum is
2 = 4,b = ± 2 (3a, 0)
b
Hence required point of intersection = (3, 0)
dy a æ ± 5ö 5 131. (b) Both statements are true and statement-2 is the correct
Slope of chord, = - = -ç ÷=m 2
dx b è 2 ø explanation of statement-1
127. (d) The locus of the point of intersection of tangents a
to the parabola y2 = 4 ax inclined at an angle a to each \ The straight line y = mx + is always a tangent to the
m
2
other is parabola y = 4ax for any value of m.
tan2a (x + a)2 = y2 – 4ax
Given equation of Parabola y2 = 4x {a = 1} æ a 2a ö
The co-ordinates of point of contact ç 2 , ÷
Point of intersection (–2, –1) èm m ø
tan2a (–2 + 1)2 = (–1)2 – 4 × 1 × (–2)
Now, required radius = OB = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
Þ tan2a = 9
Þ tan a = ± 3
Þ |tan a| = 3

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x2 y 2 135. (a) y
132. (a) Ellipse is + =1
16 3
Now, equation of normal at (2, 3/2) is
16 x 3 y (t2, t)
- = 16 - 3
2 3/ 2
Þ 8x – 2y = 13 x
O
13
Þ y = 4x -
2
13
Let y = 4 x - touches a parabola Let (t2, t) be point on parabola from that line have shortest
2 distance.
y2 = 4ax.
t 2 - t +1
We know, a straight line y = mx + c touches a parabola y2 \ Distance =
= 4ax if a – mc = 0 2
æ 13ö 1 éæ 1 ö 3ù
2
\ a - ( 4) ç - ÷ = 0 Þ a = – 26 = êç t - ÷ + ú
è 2ø 2 êëè 2 ø 4ú
û
Hence, required equation of parabola is
1
y2 = 4 (– 26)x = – 104 x Distance is minimum when t - =0
2
133. (a) Point P is (4, –2) and PQ ^ x-axis
So, Q = (4, 2) 1 é 3ù 3 2
\ Shortest distance = 0+ =
2 êë 4 úû 8
Y 136. (b) We know that the locus of perpendicular tangents is
nt
Tange directrix i.e., x = - a; x = -1
Q
137. (b) We know that vertex of a parabola is the mid point
Normal of focus and the point
X Y
P
(4, – 2) X
OA B
Equation of tangent at (4, 2) is

1 Y¢ x= 2
yy1 = (x + x1) where directrix meets the axis of the parabola.
2
Given that focus is O(0, 0) and directrix meets the axis at
1
Þ 2y = (x + 2) Þ 4y = x + 2 B(2, 0)
2
æ 0+ 2 ö
x 1 \ Vertex of the parabola is ç , 0÷ = (1, 0)
Þy= + è 2 ø
4 2
138. (b) Given that parabola y2 = 8x
1
So, slope of tangent = Y y 2 = 8x
4
\ Slope of normal = – 4
134. (d) Both the given statements are true. (2,0)
Statement - 2 is not the correct explanation for X' X
F
x+2=0
statement - 1.
Y'

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We know that the locus of point of intersection of two

perpendicular tangents to a parabola is its directrix.
Point must be on the directrix of parabola c1
Q Equation of directrix x + 2 = 0 r1
Þ x = –2
r2 c2
Hence the point is (–2, 0) (a, b)
139. (a) Given that family of parabolas is
a3 x 2 a 2 x
y= + - 2a
3 2
Circle touch externally Þ c1c2 = r1 + r2
a3 æ 2 3 9 ö 3a
Þ y = çè x + x+ ÷- - 2a \ a 2 + (b - 3) 2 = 2 + b
16a2 ø 16
3 2a
a 2 + (b - 3) 2 = b 2 + 4 + 4b
2
35a a3 æ 3ö a2 + b2 – 6b + 9 = b2 + 4 + 4b
Þy+ = çx+ ÷
16 3 è 4a ø
Þ a 2 = 10(b - 1 / 2)
æ -3 -35a ö æ 1ö
\ Vertex of parabola is çè , ÷ \ Locus is x 2 = 10 ç y - ÷
4a 16 ø è 2ø
To find locus of this vertex, Which is equation of parabola.
-3 -35a 142. (d) Solving equations of parabolas
x= and y =
4a 16 y 2 = 4ax and x 2 = 4ay , we get (0, 0) and ( 4a, 4a)
-3 16 y Putting in the given equation of line
Þ a= and a = - 2bx + 3cy + 4d = 0, we get
4x 35
d = 0 and 2b +3c = 0
-3 -16 y
Þ = Þ 64xy = 105 Þ d 2 + (2b + 3c )2 = 0
4x 35
143. (b) Equation of the normal to a parabola y2 = 4bx at point
Þ xy =
105
64
which is the required equation of locus. (bt2
1 , 2bt1 ) is
140. (a) Given P = (1, 0), let Q = (h, k) y = – t1 x + 2bt1 + bt13
Since Q lies on y2 = 8x 2
(
Given that, it also passes through bt 2 , 2bt 2 then )
\ K = 8h
2
...(i) 2bt2 = – t1 bt22 + 2 bt1 + bt13
( )
Let (a, b) be the midpoint of PQ
Þ 2t2 – 2t1 = – t1 t2 – t1
2 2
h +1 k+0
\a= , b= Þ 2(t2 – t1) = –t1(t2 + t1) (t2 – t1)
2 2
2
2 a -1 = h 2 b = k. Þ 2 = – t1(t2 + t1) Þ t2 + t1 = – t
1
Putting value of h and k in (i)
2
(2b) 2 = 8(2a - 1) Þ b 2 = 4a - 2 Þ t2 = – t1 –
t1
Þ y2 - 4x + 2 = 0 . 144. (b) The equation of any tangent to the parabola y2 = 8ax is
141. (d) Equation of circle with centre (0, 3) and radius 2 is 2a

y = mx+ ...(i)
m
x 2 + ( y - 3)2 = 4 If (i) is also a tangent to the circle, x + y2 = 2a2 then,
2
Let locus of the centre of the variable circle is (a , b ) 2a = ±

2a
Q It touches x - axis. m m2 + 1
It¢s equation is ( x - a )2 + ( y – b)2 = b2 Þ Þ ( m2 + 2)(m2 – 1) = 0 Þ m = ± 1.
m2(1 + m2) = 2
\ Putting the value of m in eqn (i), we get
y = ± (x + 2a).

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145. (c) We know that the locus of the feet of the perpendicular 149. (c) The given ellipse is
2 2
x y x2 y2
draw from foci to any tangent of the ellipse + = 1 is + = 1, (a > b)
a2 b2 a 2
b2
the auxiliary circle x + y = a
2 2 2
\ Auxiliary circle : x2 + y 2 = 4 2b 2
Length of latus rectum =
a
\ (-1, 3) satisfies the given equation.
2b 2
x2 æ y2b2 ö Þ = 10 Þ b2 = 5a ...(i)
146. (c) Normal to the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 at ç ae, ÷ is a
a b è aø
5
Now f(t ) = + t - t2
a 2 x b2 y 12
- = a 2 - b2
ae b2 / a
1
f '(t ) = 1 - 2t = 0 Þ t =
e( a - b )
2 2 2
Þ x - ey = ...(i)
a f ''(t ) = -2 < 0 Þ maximum
Q (0, - b) lies on equation (i), then 5 1 1 8 2
Þ f (t ) max = + - = =
12 2 4 12 3
e( a - b )
2 2
be =
a Since, f(t )max. = eccentricity
2
b2 Þe=
Þ ab = a 2 e 2 Þ b = ae 2 Þ = e4 3
a2
Now, b 2 = a 2 (1 - e2 )
\1 - e 2 = e 4 Þ e 4 + e 2 - 1 = 0
æ 4ö 5a 2
x2 y 2 5a = a 2 ç 1 - ÷ Þ 5a = Þ a 2 - 9a = 0
147. (b) Ellipse : + = 1, è 9ø 9
16 9
Þ a = 9 Þ a 2 = 81 and b = 45
2
a = 4, b = 3, c = 16 - 9 = 7
\ a 2 + b2 = 81 + 45 = 126
\ (± 7, 0) are the foci of given ellipse. So for any point P a 1
150. (d) = 4Þ a =4´ =2
on it; PA + PB = 2a e 2
Þ PA + PB = 2(4) = 8. Now, b 2 = a 2 (1 - e2 )
x2 y 2 æ 1ö 3
148. (a) Ellipse º + =1 Þ b2 = 4 ç1 - ÷ = 4 ´ = 3
5 4 è 4ø 4
Let a point on ellipse be ( 5 cos q, 2sin q) x2 y 2

So, equation + =1
4 3
\ PQ 2 = ( 5 cos q)2 + (-4 - 2sin q)2
Þ 3x2 + 4 y 2 = 12 ...(i)
= 5cos 2 q + 4sin 2 q + 16 + 16sin q
Now, P (1, b) lies on it
= 21 + 16 sin q - sin 2 q
3
Þ 3 + 4b 2 = 12 Þ b =
= 21 + 64 - (sin q - 8) 2 = 85 - (sin q - 8) 2 2
PQ2 to be maximum when sin q = 1 æ 3ö

So, equation of normal at P ç1, ÷
è 2ø
\ PQmax
2
= 85 - 49 = 36.

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a 2 x b2 y 4 13 13
Þ - = a 2 - b2 Þ 4 x - 2 y = 1 e2 = 1 + = = Since, the point (e1, e2) is
1 3/ 2 9 9 3
151. (d) The given ellipse : on the ellipse
15x2 + 3y2 = k.
x2 y 2 Then, 15e12 + 3e22 = k
+ =1
4 3
Þ k = 15 æç ö÷ + 3 æç ö÷
7 13
Qc = a - b = 4 - 3 = 1
2 2 è9ø è 9 ø
\ Foci = (±1, 0) Þ k = 16
Now for hyperbola : x2 y2
154. (a) Let + = 1; a > b
1 a 2 b2
Given : 2a = 2 Þ a =
2 4 2
2b = Þ b=
1 1 3 3
Q c 2 = a 2 + b2 Þ 1 = + b2 Þ b =
2 2 Equation of tangent º y = mx ± a 2 m2 + b2
So, equation of hyperbola is
-x 4
Comparing with º y = +
x2 y 2 6 3
- =1
1 1 -1 16
m= and a 2m2 + b 2 =
2 2 6 9
Þ 2x2 - 2 y2 = 1 a 2 4 16 a 2 16 4 4
Þ + = Þ = - =
So, option (d) does not satisfy it. 36 3 9 36 9 3 9
Þ a2 = 16 Þ a = ± 4
b2
Now, eccentricity of ellipse (e) = 1 -
|x| | y| a2
152. (a) (0, 3) Q + =1
2 3
4 11 1 11
x2 y 2 Þ e = 1- = =
+ =1 3 ´16 12 2 3
4 9
155. (d) Let P be (x1, y1).
(–2, 0) O P (2, 0) So, equation of normal at P is
x y 1
- =-
2 x1 y1 2
(0, –3)
æ 1 ö
It passes through ç - , 0÷
Q Area of ellipse = pab = p ´ 2 ´ 3 = 6p è 3 2 ø
\ Required area = Area of ellipse -1 1 1
Þ =- x =
– 4 (Area of triangle OPQ) 6 2x1 2 Þ 1 3 2
æ1 ö
= 6p - 4 ç ´ 2 ´ 3÷
è2 ø 2 2
So, y1 = (as P lies in Ist quadrant)
= 6p - 12 = 6(p - 2) sq. units 3
153. (a) Eccentricity of ellipse
y 2
So, b = 1 =
4 7 7 2 3
e1 = 1 - = =
18 9 3 2a
Eccentricity of hyperbola 156. (b) 2ae = 6 and = 12
e
Þ ae = 3 ...(i)

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a a 5p
and =6 Þ e= ...(ii) Case-2: q = , then tangent does not pass through
e 6 3
Þ a2 = 18 [From (i) and (ii)] Q (4, 4).
Þ b2 = a2 – a2e2 = 18 – 9 = 9 159. (a) Let the equation of ellipse :
2b 2 2 ´ 9
\ Latus rectum = = =3 2 x2 y2
a 3 2 + =1
a 2 b2
157. (a) 3 x + 4 y = 12 2 Given that length of minor axis is 4 i.e. a = 4.
Also given be = 2
Þ 4 y = -3x + 12 2
Q a2 = b2 (1 – e2) Þ 4 = b2 – 4 Þ b = 2 2
3
Þ y =- x+3 2
4 x2 y 2
Hence, equation of ellipse will be + =1
Now, condition of tangency, c2 = a2m2 + b2 4 8
2 9 9 Q ( 2 , 2) satisfies this equation.

\ 18 = a . + 9 Þ a2. = 9
16 16 \ ellipse passes through ( 2 , 2).
Þ a2 = 16 Þ a = 4
x2 y2 æ 9ö
160. (a) Equation of tangent to + = 1 at ç 3, - ÷ is,
a 2
b 2 è 2ø
b2 9 7
Eccentricity e = 1 - 2
= 1- =
a 16 4 3x 9y
2
- =1
a 2b 2
7 But given equation of tangent is, x – 2y = 12
\ ae = .4 = 7
4 3 -9 1
\ = 2
= (On comparing)
\ Focus are (± 7,0) a 2 2b .(-2) 12
\ Distance between foci of ellipse = 2 7 9 ´12

Þ a2 = 3 × 12 and b2 =
4
1
158. (a) Slope of tangent on the line 2x + y = 4 at point P is . Þ a = 6 and b = 3 3
2
Given ellipse is, 2b2 2 ´ 27
Therefore, latus rectum = = =9
a 6
x2 y2
3x2 +4y2 = 12 Þ + =1 3x 2 5 y 2
22 ( 3) 2 + =1
161. (d) 3x2 + 5y2 = 32 Þ
32 32
Let point P(2cos q, 3 sin q)
\ equation of tangent on the ellipse, at P is,
x y P(2 2)
cos q + sin q = 1
2 3
R Q
3
Þ mT = – cot q
2
3 1
Q both the tangents are parallel Þ - cot q =
2 2 Tangent on the ellipse at P is
p p 3(2) x 5(2) y 3x 5 y
Þ tan q = – 3 Þ q = p – 3 or q = 2p – 3 + =1Þ + =1
32 32 16 16
2p æ 3ö 5 5 æ 16 ö
Case-1: q = , then point P ç -1, 2 ÷ and PQ = \ co-ordinates of Q will be ç ,0 ÷
3 è ø 2 è 3 ø

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32 32 y 32 32
Now, normal at P is - = -
3(2) 5(2) 3 5
æ4 ö
\ co-ordinates of R will be ç , 0 ÷ (-ae, 0)
è5 ø
S(ae, 0)
1
Hence, area of DPQR = ( PQ)( PR)
2
1 136 136 68
= . =
2 9 25 15
b b
´ = –1 Þ b2 = a2e2 ...(i)
æ 1 1 ö - ae ae
162. (d) Let tangent to parabola at point ç 2 , - 2m ÷ is Since, area of DS¢BS = 8

è 4m ø
1
1 Þ × 2ae × b = 8 Þ b2 = 8 ...(ii)
y = mx + 2
4m
From eqn (i)
1 a2e2 = 8
2
and tangent to ellipse is, y = mx ± m +
2 b2
Also, e2 = 1 -
Now, condition for common tangency, a2
Þ a2e2 = a2 – b2 Þ 8 = a2 – 8 Þ a2 = 16
1 1 Þ 1 = m2 + 1
= ± m2 +
4m 2 16m 2 2 2b 2 2(8)
Hence, required length of latus rectum = =
a 4
-8 ± 64 + 64 = 4 units
Þ 16m4 + 8m2 – 1 = 0 Þ m =
2
2 (16 ) 165. (c) Given the equation of ellipse,
x2
-8 ± 8 2 2 -1 + y2 = 1
= = ( 2)2
2 (16 ) 4
1 1
a= = = 2 +1
4m 2 2 -1
4 ( 2 cos q, sin q)
4
163. (b) Given that focus is (0,5 3) Þ| b | > | a | ( 2, 0)
Let b > a > 0 and foci is (0, ± be)

Q a2 = b2 – b2e2 Þ b2e2 = b2 – a2
b2 - a 2 Þ b – a = 75
2 2
be = ...(i)
2 cos q x
Q 2b – 2a = 10 Þ b – a = 5 ...(ii) + y sin q = 1
2
From (i) and (ii)
b + a = 15 ...(iii) æ 2 ö æ 1 ö
Pç , 0÷ and Q ç 0, ÷
On solving (ii) and (iii), we get è cos q ø è sin q ø
Þ b = 10, a = 5 Let mid point be (h, k)
2 1 1
2a 50 ,k=
Now, length of latus rectum = = =5 Þ h=
b 10 2 cos q 2 sin q
164. (a) Q DS¢BS is right angled triangle, then As cos2q + sin 2q = 1
(Slope of BS) ´ (Slope of BS¢) = –1

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1 1 9 æ 2ö
\ + 2 =1 Þ a2 + - 3a = a 2 ç1 - ÷
2h 2
4k 4 è a ø
1 1 9
Locus is + =1 Þ a=
2 x2 4 y 2 4
\ from eq. (iii) we get;
166. (a) A ={(a,b) Î R ´ R :| a - 5 |< 1,| b - 5 |< 1}
2 8 1
Let a – 5, = x, b – 5 = y e2 = 1 - =1 - =
a 9 9
Set A contains all points inside | x |< 1,| y |< 1 1
Þ e=
2
B = {(a,b) ÎR ´ R: 4(a - 6) + 9(B- 5) £ 36}
2 3
168. (c) Centre at (0, 0)
Set B contains all points inside or on
x2 y2
(x - 1)2 y 2 + 2 =1
+ =1 a2
b
9 4
at point (4, –1)
Y 16 1
+ =1
a 2 b2
(–1, 1) (0, 1) Þ 16b2 + a2 = a2b2 ...(i)
(0, 1)
at point (–2, 2)
X¢ (–1, 0) (1, 0) X
4 4
(1, –1) + 2 =1
2
(–1, –1) (0, –1) a b
Þ 4b2 + 4a2 = a2b2 ...(ii)
Y¢ Þ 16b + a = 4a + 4b
2 2 2 2
From equations (i) and (ii)

\ (±1, ±1) lies inside the ellipse.
Þ 3a 2 = 12b 2 Þ a 2 = 4b2
Hence, A Ì B .
167. (d) Let for ellipse coordinates of focus and vertex are b2 = a2 (1– e2)
(ae, 0) and (a, 0) respectively.
3 3
3 Þ e2 = Þ e=
\ Distance between focus and vertex = a(1 – e) = 4 2
2 169. (d) e = 3/5 & 2ae = 6 Þ a = 5
(given) 2 2 2
Q b = a (1 – e )
3
Þ a - = ae Þ b = 25 (1 – 9/25)
2
2
9
Þ a2 + - 3a = a 2e 2 ...(i)
4
2b 2
Length of latus rectum = =4
a
Þ b2 = 2a ...(ii)
b2
e2 = 1 -
a2
2a
Þ e2 = 1 - (from (ii))
a2
Þ b= 4
2
Þ e2 = 1 - ... (iii) \ area of required quadrilateral
a
= 4 (1/2 ab) = 2ab = 40
Substituting the value of e2 in eq. (i) we get;

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170. (c) Equation of tangent to ellipse Þ 2a2e = b2 = a2 (1 – e2)

x y Þ 2e = 1 – e2 Þ (e + 1)2 = 2 Þ e = 2 -1
cos q + sin q = 1
27 3 173. (a) Given equation of ellipse can be written as
Area bounded by line and co-ordinate axis x2 y 2
+ =1
1 27 3 9 6 2
D= . . =
2 cos q sin q sin 2q Þ a2 = 6, b2 = 2
D = will be minimum when sin 2q = 1 Now, equation of any variable tangent is
Dmin = 9
y = mx ± a 2 m2 + b2 ...(i)
171. (b) The end point of latus rectum of ellipse
where m is slope of the tangent
x2
y 2 æ b2 ö So, equation of perpendicular line drawn from centre to
+ = 1 in first quadrant is ç ae, ÷ and the tangent tangent is
a 2 b2 è aø
-x
æa ö y= ...(ii)
at this point intersects x-axis at ç , 0÷ and y-axis at (0, a). m
èe ø
Eliminating m, we get
x2 y 2
The given ellipse is + =1 ( x4 + y 4 + 2 x2 y 2 ) = a 2 x2 + b2 y 2
9 5
Then a2 = 9, b2 = 5
Þ ( x 2 + y 2 )2 = a 2 x 2 + b2 y 2
5 2
Þ e = 1– =
9 3
Þ ( x2 + y 2 )2 = 6 x2 + 2 y 2
\ End point of latus rectum in first quadrant is L (2, 5/3)
174. (b) Let point A (a, 0) is on x-axis and B (0, b) is on
2x y y-axis.
Equation of tangent at L is + =1
9 3
[Q It meets x-axis at A (9/2, 0) and y-axis at B (0, 3)] Y
1 9 27
\ Area of DOAB = ´ ´3= B (0, b)
2 2 4
P (h, k)
Y
B l
(0, 3)
L(2,5/3) X
A(a, 0)
C O S A X Let P (h, k) divides AB in the ratio 1 : 2.

(9/2, 0) So, by section formula
2(0) + 1( a ) a
h= =
D 1+ 2 3
2(b) + 1(0) 2b
k= =
By symmetry area of quadrilateral 3 3
27 3k
= 4 × (Area DOAB) = 4 ´ = 27 sq. units. Þ a = 3h and b =
4 2
172. (b) Focus of an ellipse is given as (± ae, 0) Now, a 2 + b 2 = l2
Distance between them = 2ae
9k 2
Þ 9 h2 + = l2
b2 4
According to the question, 2ae =
a

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h2 k2
Þ 2
+ 2 =1
æ lö æ 2l ö
çè ÷ø çè ÷ø
3 3
æ l2 9 ö 1 3
Now e = 1- ç ´ 2 ÷ = 1- =
è 9 4l ø 4 2
Thus, required locus of P is an ellipse with eccentricity 7

Þ e=
3 4
. Now, radius of this circle = a2 = 16
2
Þ Focii = (± 7, 0)
x2 y2
175. (a) Let + = 1 be the equation of ellipse. Now equation of circle is

a 2 b2 (x – 0)2 + (y – 3)2 = 16
Given that F1B and F2B are perpendicular to each other. x2 + y2 – 6y – 7 = 0
Slope of F1B × slope of F2B = – 1 177. (c) Given ellipse is 4x2 + 9y2 =36
æ 0-b ö æ 0-b ö x2 y 2
çè ÷ ´ç ÷ =–1 Þ + =1
- ae - 0 ø è ae - 0 ø 9 4
Normal at the point is parallel to the line
B (0, b)
4x – 2y – 5 = 0
Slope of normal = 2
F1 -1
Slope of tangent =
(–a, 0) (–ae, 0) F2(ae, 0) (a, 0) 2
x2 y2
Point of contact to ellipse + =1
a2 b2
(0, – b) æ ö
a2m b
and line is ç , ÷
æ b ö æ -b ö ç 2 2 2 ÷
çè ÷ø ´ çè ÷ø = – 1 è a m +b a m + b2
2 2
ø
ae ae
Now, a2 = 9, b2 = 4
b2 = a2e2
b2 ïì b2 ïü æ -9 8 ö
2
2
íQ e = 1 - 2 ý \ Point = ç , ÷
e = è 5 5ø
a 2 ïî a ïþ
2 178. (c) Given equations of ellipses
b b2
1- =
a2 a2 x2 y 2
E1 : + =1
3 2
b2 b2 1
1= 2 2 Þ 2 = 2 1
a a 2 Þ e1 = 1 - =
3 3
b2 1 1
e2 = 1 - 2 = 1 - = x2 y 2
a 2 2 and E2 : + =1
16 b 2
1
e2 =
2 1 - b2 16 - b2
No common tangents for these two circles. Þ e2 = =
16 4
176. (a) From the given equation of ellipse, we have
1
9 Also, given e1 × e2 =
a = 4, b = 3, e = 1 - 2
16
1 16 - b 2 1
Þ ´ = Þ 16 - b 2 = 12
3 4 2

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Þ b2 = 4
Þ x = 2 or – 2
\ Length of minor axis of
E2 = 2b = 2 × 2 = 4 1 1
If x = 2, y = and x = – 2, y = –
2 2
179. (d) x2 = 8y ...(i)
x2 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
+ y2 = 1 \ Points are ç 2, ÷ , ç – 2, – ÷
3
...(ii) è 2ø è 2ø
From (i) and (ii), 2
ì 1 æ 1 öü
{ ( )}
2
8y 1 \ P1 P2 = í –ç– ÷ý + 2– – 2
+ y 2 = 1 Þ y = – 3, î 2 è 2øþ
3 3
2
When y = – 3, then x2 = – 24, which is not possible. æ 2 ö
( )
2
= ç + 2 2 = 2 + 8 = 10
è 2 ÷ø
1 2 6
When y = , then x = ±
3 3 x2 y2
181. (d) Let the equation of ellipse be + =1
Point of intersection are a2 b2
Given it passes through (–3, 1) so
æ 2 6 1ö æ 2 6 1ö 9 1
ç , ÷ and ç - , ÷ + 2 = 1 ...(i)
è 3 3 ø è 3 3ø a 2
b
Required equation of the line, Also, we know that
y-
1
= 0 Þ 3y – 1 = 0 b 2 = a 2 (1 - e 2 ) = a 2 (1 - 2 / 5)
3 Þ 5b2 = 3a 2 ...(ii)
x 2
y 2 32 2 32
180. (d) Any tangent on an ellipse + = 1 is given by Solving (i) and (ii) we get a2 = ,b =
2 2 3 5
a b
So, the equation of the ellipse is
y = mx ± a 2 m2 + b2 3x 2 + 5 y 2 = 32
Here a = 2, b = 1 182. (a) The given equation of ellipse is
1– 0 1 x2 y2
m= =– + =1
0–2 2 4 1
So, A = (2, 0) and B= (0, 1)
2 If PQRS is the rectangle in which it is inscribed, then
æ 1ö
c = 4 ç – ÷ + 12 = 2 P = (2, 1).
è 2ø
x2 y2
1 Let + = 1 be the ellipse circumscribing
So, y = – x ± 2 a 2 b2
2 the rectangle PQRS.
x2 y 2
For ellipse : + =1
4 1 Q B (0,1) P (2, 1)
1
We put y = – x+ 2
A
2
O (2,0) (4,0)
2 2
x æ x ö
\ + ç – + 2÷ = 1
4 è 2 ø R S
x 2 æ x2 æ xö ö
+ç – 2 ç ÷ 2 + 2÷ = 1
4 è 4 è 2 ø ø Then it passed through P (2,1 )
Þ x2 + 2 2 x + 2 = 0 4 1
\ + = 1 ....(i)
2
or x 2 – 2 2 x + 2 = 0 a b2

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Also, given that, it passes through (4, 0)

We know that e 2 = 1 - b 2 / a 2 = 1 - e2
\ 16 + 0 = 1 Þ a 2 = 16 [from (i)]
a2 1
Þ 2e2 = 1, e = .
Þ b2 = 4/3 [putting a2 = 16 in eqn (i)] 2
x2 y2 1 a
\ The required equation of ellipse is + =1 186. (b) Given that e = . Directrix , x = = 4
16 4 / 3 2 e
or x2 + 12y2 =16
1 1
a \a = 4´ = 2 \b = 2 1- = 3
183. (a) Perpendicular distance of directrix x = ± from 2 4
e Equation of ellipse is
focus ( ± ae, 0)
x2 y 2
+ = 1 Þ 3x 2 + 4 y 2 = 12
4 3
Y 187. (c) General tangent to hyperbola in slope form is
æa ö y = mx ± 100m2 - 64
çè - ae÷ø
e and the general tangent to the circle in slope form is
X´ X
O S y = mx ± 6 1 + m2
(ae, 0) For common tangent,
a x= a/e 36(1 + m 2 ) = 100m 2 - 64

= – ae = 4 Y´
e 100
Þ 100 = 64m 2 Þ m 2 =
æ 1ö 64
Þaç2 – ÷ = 4
è 2ø æ 100 ö 164 ´ 36 369
8 \ c 2 = 36 ç1 + ÷= =
Þa = è 64 ø 64 4
3
\ Semi maor axis = 8/3 Þ 4c 2 = 369
184. (a) Given that distance between foci is 188. (a) Q The equation of hyperbola is
2ae = 6 Þ ae = 3 and length of minor axis is 2b = 8 Þ x2 y2
- =1
b=4 a 2 b2
we know that b 2 = a 2 (1 - e 2 ) Q Equation of hyperbola passes through (3, 3)
Þ 16 = a 2 - a 2 e 2 Þ a = 16 + 9 = 25 Þ a = 5
2 1 1 1
2
- 2
= ...(i)
a b 9
3 3
\ e= = Equation of normal at point (3, 3) is :
a 5
x -3 y -3
185. (a) Given that ÐFBF ' = 90° =
1 1
×3 - 2 ×3
Þ FB 2 + F ' B 2 = FF ' 2 a2 b
( ) ( )
2 2
\ a 2e2 + b2 + a 2e2 + b2 = (2ae) 2 Q It passes through (9, 0)
6 -3
2 2 2 2 2 b2 =
Þ 2(a e + b ) = 4a e Þ e = 2 ...(i) 1
- 2
1
a2 a2 b
B (0, b)
1 1
\ = ...(ii)
b 2 2a 2
F' ( -ae, 0) O F (ae, 0) From equations (i) and (ii),
9
a2 = , b2 = 9
2

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b2 x12 y12
Q Eccentricity = e, then e 2 = 1 + =3 \ - -1 = 0 ...(ii)
2
a 4 2
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii)
æ9 ö
\ (a 2 , e 2 ) = ç , 3÷
è2 ø 2
y12 = , x12 =
32
7 7
x2 y 2
189. (d) Equation of ellipse is + =1 32 2
25 b2 \ x12 + 5 y12 = +5´ = 6
7 7
b2 x2 y2
Then, e1 = 1 - 191. (d) Hyperbola : - = 1 Þ e1 = 1 + cos q
2
25 10 10cos 2 q
x2 y 2 x2 y2
The equation of hyperbola, + =1 and Ellipse : + =1
16 b2 5cos q 2 5
b2 Þ e2 = 1 - cos 2 q = sin q
Then, e2 = 1 +
16 According to the question, e1 = 5e2
e1e2 = 1
2 2
Þ 1 + cos 2 q = 5sin 2 q Þ cos q =
æ b öæ b ö
2 2 3
Þ (e1e2 ) 2 = 1 Þ çç 1 - ÷ç
÷ç 1 + ÷÷ = 1 Now length of latus rectum of ellipse
è 25 øè 16 ø
2a 2 10 cos 2 q 20 4 5
b2 b 2 b4 = = = =
Þ 1+ - - =1 b 5 3 5 3
16 25 25 ´ 16
x2 y2
9 b4 192. (b) Let the hyperbola is - =1
Þ b2 - = 0 Þ b2 = 9 a 2 b2
16 × 25 25 ×16
If a hyperbola passes through vertices at (± 6, 0), then
9 4 \ a=6
\ e1 = 1 - =
25 5 As hyperbola passes through the point P(10, 16)
100 256
9 5 \ - = 1 Þ b2 = 144
And, e2 = 1 + = 36 b 2
16 4
Distance between focii of ellipse x2 y 2
\ Required hyperbola is - =1
= a = 2ae1 = 2(5)(e1 ) = 8 36 144
Distance between focii of hyperbola 36 x 144 y
Equation of normal is + = 36 + 144
= b = 2ae2 = 2(4)(e2 ) = 10 10 16
\ At P(10, 16) normal is
\ (a, b) = (8, 10)
36 x 144 y
190. (a) The tangent to the hyperbola at the point (x1, y1) is, + = 36 + 144
10 16
xx1 - 2 yy1 - 4 = 0
\ 2x + 5y = 100.
The given equation of tangent is
3
2x – y = 0 193. (c) Equation of tangent to y2 = 12x is y = mx +
m
x1
Þ =2 Equation of tangent to
2 y1
x2 y 2
Þ x1 = 4 y1 ...(i) - = 1 is y = mx ± m2 - 8
1 8
Since, point (x1, y1) lie on hyperbola. Q parabola and hyperbola have common tangent.

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3 9 x2 y2
\ = ± m2 - 8 Þ 2 = m2 – 8 Now, hyperbola - 2 = 1 passes throug (4, -2 3)
m m a2
b
Put m2 = u
16 12
u2 – 8u – 9 = 0 Þ u2 – 9u + u – 9 = 0 \ - 2 2 =1
a2 a e - a2
Þ (u + 1) (u – 9) = 0
Q u = m2 ³ 0 Þ u = m2 = 9 Þ m = ± 3 é 2 b2 2 2 2 2
ù
êQ e = 1 + 2 Þ a e - a = b ú
\ equation of tangent is y = 3x + 1 êë a úû
or y = – 3x – 1
4 é4 3 ù æ a2 ö
æ 1 ö Þ - Þ 4e 2 - 4 - 3 = (e2 - 1) ç ÷
\ intersection point is P ç - ,0 ÷ . ê ú
a 2 ë 1 e2 - 1û
= 1 ç 4 ÷
è 3 ø è ø
2
b2 8 æ 4e ö
e = 1+ Þ e = 1+ Þe=3 Þ 4(4e2 - 7) = (e2 - 1) ç ÷
a2 1 è 5ø
\ foci (± 3, 0) Þ 4e 4 - 24e 2 + 35 = 0
S' S
x2 y 2
196. (d) 16x2 – 9y2 = 144 Þ - =1
(–3, 0) æ 1 ö (3, 0) 9 16
ç - 3 ,0÷ P
è ø Then focus is S’ (– ae, 0)
1
3+
SP 3 = 10 = 5
=
¢
SP 3 - 1 8 4 S'
3
(–3, 0) (3, 0)
194. (a) Given curves, y2 = 16x and xy = – 4
Equation of tangent to the given parabola;
4
y = mx + –9
m x=
5
Q This is common tangent.
é 2 ù
4 16 25 êQ e = 1 + b ú
a = 3, b = 4 Þ e = 1 +
2
So, put y = mx + in xy = – 4. =
m 9 9 êë a2 úû
æ 4ö 4 æ 5 ö
x ç mx + ÷ + 4 = 0 Þ mx 2 + x + 4 = 0
è mø m \ the focus S ¢ º ç 3 - ´ ,0 ÷ º (-5,0)
è 3 ø
16
D=0Þ = 16m Þ m3 = 1Þ m = 1 x2 y2
m2 197. (c) Since, lx + my + n = 0 is a normal to - = 1,
a 2 b2
\ equation of common tangent is y = x + 4
195. (c) Q directrix of a hyperbola is, a2 b 2 (a 2 + b2 )2
then - =
4 a 4 l 2 m2 n2
5x = 4 5 Þ x = Þ =
5 e 5 but it is given that mx - y + 7 3 is normal to hyperbola
x2 y 2
- =1
24 18
24 18 (24 + 18) 2 2
then - = Þm=
æa ö (4 -2 3) m 2
(-1) 2
(7 3) 2 5
ç e 0÷
è ø

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198. (c) Let equation of hyperbola be Þ a = 8, b2 = 32
x2 y2 Then, the equation of the ellipse

- =1 ...(i)
a2 b2 x2 y2
+ =1
64 32
b2
Qe = 1+
a2
Þ b2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
( )
Hence, the point 4 3,2 2 lies on the ellipse.
202. (a) Given, the equation of line,
e = 2 Þ b2 = 3a2 ...(ii)
x–y=2Þy=x–2
Equation (i) passes through (4, 6),
\ its slope = m = 1
16 36
\ 2
- =1 ...(iii) Equation of hyperbola is:
b2
a
x2 y 2
On solving (i) and (ii), we get - = 1 Þ a2 = 5, b2 = 4
5 4
a2 = 4, b2 = 12
The equation of tangent to the hyperbola is,
x2 y 2
Now equation of hyperbola is - =1 y = mx ± a 2 m 2 - b2
4 12
Now equation of tangent to the hyperbola at (4, 6) is = x ± 5-4 Þy = x ±1
203. (b) Since, r ¹ ±1, then there are two cases, when r > 1
4x 6 y y
- = 1 Þ x - = 1 Þ 2x – y = 2
4 12 2 x2 y2
+ = 1 (Ellipse)
199. (d) Let the points are, r -1 r +1
A(2, 0), A¢(–2, 0) and S(–3, 0) Then,
Þ Centre of hyperbola is O(0, 0) ( r - 1)
A A¢ = 2a Þ 4 = 2a Þ a = 2 (r – 1) = (r + 1) (1 – e2) Þ 1 – e2 =
( r + 1)
Q Distance between the centre and foci is ae.
(r - 1) 2
3 Þ e2 = 1 - =
\ OS = ae Þ 3 = 2e Þ e = (r + 1) (r + 1)
2
Þ b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) = a2e2 – a2 = 9 – 4 = 5 2
Þ e=
(r + 1)
x2 y 2
Þ Equation of hyperbola is - =1 ...(i)
4 5 When 0 < r < 1, then
Q (6, 552) does not satisfy eq (i).
x2 y2
- = –1 (Hyperbola)
\ (6, 5 2) does not lie on this hyperbola. 1- r 1+ r
200. (a) \ Conugate axis = 5 Then,
\ 2b = 5 (r - 1) 2r
(1 – r) = (1 + r) (e2 – 1) Þ e2 = 1 + =
Distance between foci =13 (r + 1) ( r + 1)
2ae = 13
2r
Then, b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) Þ e=
r +1
Þ a2 = 36
204. (a) Q a2 = cos2 q, b2 = sin 2 q
\ a=6 and e > 2 Þ e2 > 4 Þ 1 + b2/a2 > 4
13 13 Þ 1 + tan2 q > 4
ae = Þe=
2 12
æ p pö
x2 y 2 Þ sec2 q > 4 Þ q Î çè , ÷ø
201. (b) Let the ellipse be + =1 3 2
a2 b2
Latus rectum,
2b 2
Then, = 8, 2ae = b2 and b2 = a2(1 – e2)
a

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M-202 Mathematics
2b2 2sin 2 q 1
\ Area of DPQT = ´ TR ´ PQ
LR = = = 2(sec q – cos q)
a cos q 2
d ( LR ) æ p pö Q P º (3 5, -12) \ TR = 3 + 12 = 15,
Þ = 2(sec q tan q + sin q) > 0 "q Î çè , ÷ø
dq 3 2
1
æ p p ö æ 1 ö \ Area of DPQT = ´15 ´ 6 5 = 45 5 sq. units
\ min (LR) = 2 çè sec - cos ÷ø = 2 çè 2 - ÷ø = 3 2
3 3 2 207. (a) Here, lines are:
p 2 x – y + 4 2k = 0
max (LR) tends to infinity as q ®
2
Hence, length of latus rectum lies in the interval (3, ¥) Þ 2 x + 4 2k = y ...(i)
205. (d) and 2kx + ky - 4 2 = 0 ...(ii)

Put the value of y from (i) in (ii) we get;
Þ 2 2 kx + 4 2 k 2 – 1 = 0 ( )
2 (1 – k 2 ) 2 2(1 + k 2 )
Þ x= ,y=
k k
Consider equation of hyperbola
2 2
æ y ö æxö
x2 y 2 \ç ÷ – ç ÷ =1
- =1 è4 2ø è4ø
22 b 2
Q (4, 2) lies on hyperbola \ length of transverse axis
16 4 2a = 2 × 4 2 = 8 2
\ - =1
4 b2 Hence, the locus is a hyperbola with length of its transverse
4
\ b2 = axis equal to 8 2
3
b2 x2 y2
208. (c) Equation of hyperbola is =1 -
Since, eccentricity = 1 + 2 a 2 b2
a
foci is (±2, 0) Þ ae = ±2 Þ a2e2 = 4
4
Since b2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
Hence, eccentricity = 1 + 3 = 1 + 1 = 2
4 3 3 b2 = a2 e2 – a2 \ a2 + b2 = 4 ...(i)
x 2 y2 Hyperbola passes through ( 2, 3 )

206. (d) Here equation of hyperbola is - =1
9 36 2 3
Now, PQ is the chord of contant \ - =1 ...(ii)
x(0) y(3)
a2 b2
\ Equation of PQ is : - =1
9 36 2 3
- =1 [from (i)]
Þ y = –12 4 -b 2
b2
Y Þ b4 + b2 – 12 = 0
Þ (b2 – 3) (b2 + 4) = 0
x 2 y2 Þ b2 = 3
- =1
9 36 b2 = – 4 (Not possible)
(0, 3) For b2 = 3
X' X
2 2
Þ a2 = 1 \ x - y = 1
1 3
Q P 2x 3y
R Equation of tangent is - =1
1 3
Y'
Clearly (2 2,3 3) satisfies it.

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209. (d) Here, tx – 2y – 3t = 0 & x – 2ty + 3 = 0 213. (c) Equation of hyperbola is

On solving, we get;
x 2 y2
6t 3t 3t 2 + 3 - =1
y= = & x= 4 9
2t 2 - 2 t 2 - 1 t2 -1
Put t = tan q (
Its Foci = ± 13, 0 )
\ x = – 3 sec 2q & 2y = 3 (–tan 2q)
2 2
Q sec 2q – tan 2q = 1 e=
13
2
x2 y 2
Þ - =1 If e, be the eccentricity of the ellipse, then
9 94
which represents a hyperbola 13 1 1
e1 ´ = Þ e1 =
\ a2 = 9 & b2 = 9/4
2 2 13
94 1 5 Equation of ellipse is
l(T.A.) = 6; e2 = 1 + =1+ Þ e=
9 4 2 x2 y2
+ =1
2b 2 1 a2 b2
210. (a) =8 and 2b = (2ae)
a 2
Since ellipse passes through the foci (+ 13 , 0) of the
Þ 4b2 = a 2 e2 Þ 4a 2 (e 2 - 1) = a 2 e 2 hyperbola, therefore
2 a2 = 13
Þ 3e2 = 4 Þ e =
3
Now a 2 - b 2 =ae1
x2 y 2
211. (c) + =1
12 16 \ 13 – b2 = 1
Þ b2 = 12
12 1
e = 1- = Hence, equation of ellipse is
16 2
Foci (0, 2) & (0, – 2) x 2 y2
So, transverse axis of hyperbola = 2b = 4 Þ b = 2 + =1
13 12
& a2 = 12 (e2 – 1)
æ 13 3 ö
æ9 ö Now putting the coordinate of the point ç 2 , 2 ÷ in
Þ a2 = 4 ç - 1÷ è ø
è4 ø
the equation of the ellipse, we get
Þ a2 = 5
13 3
x2 y 2 + =1
\ It's equation is - =–1 4 ´ 13 4 ´ 12
5 4
1 1
The point (5, 2 3 ) does not satisfy the above equation. Þ + = 1 , which is not true,
4 16
212. (a) S(5, 0) is focus Þ ae = 5 (focus) ––––– (a) æ 13 3 ö
Hence the point ç , ÷ does not lie on the ellipse.
a a 9 è 2 2 ø
x= Þ = (directrix) ––––– (b) 214. (a)
5 e 5
æ b2 ö
(a) & (b) Þ a2 = 9 ç ae, ÷
æ 2ö
b è aø
5 ç - ae, ÷ L
(a) Þ (e) = è aø
3
b2 = a2 (e2 – 1) Þ b2 = 16
(ae, 0)
a2 – b2 = 9 – 16 = – 7

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M-204 Mathematics
x2 y 2 æp ö æp ö
Given - =1 3 x cos ç - q÷ + 2 y cot ç - q÷ = 32 + 22
4 5 è2 ø è2 ø
Þ a2 = 4, b2 = 5
Þ 3h sin q + 2k tan q = 32 + 2 2 ...(3)
a 2 + b2 4+5 3
e= = =
a2 4 2 and 3h cos q + 2k cot q = 32 + 22 ...(4)
æ 3 5ö æ 5ö Comparing equation (3) & (4), we get
L = çè 2 ´ , ÷ø = çè 3, ÷ø
2 2 2 3h cos q + 2 k cot q = 3h sin q + 2 k tan q
Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is
3h cos q - 3h sin q = 2k tan q - 2k cot q
x x1 y y1
- 2 =1
a2 b 3h(cos q - sin q) = 2k (tan q - cot q)

5
Here x1 = 3, y1 = (sin q - cos q)(sin q + cos q)
2 3h(cos q - sin q) = 2k
sin q cos q
3x y x y
Þ - =1Þ + =1
4 2 4 -2 -2 k (sin q + cos q)
or, 3h = ...(5)
3 sin q cos q
4 Now, putting the value of equation (5) in eq. (3)

x-intercept of the tangent, OA =
3 -2k (sin q + cos q)sin q
y-intercept of the tangent, OB = –2 + 2k tan q = 32 + 22
sin q cos q
16 20
OA2 – OB2 = -4 = - Þ 2k tan q - 2 k + 2k tan q = 13
9 9
215. (d) Let the coordinate at point of intersection of
-13
normals at P and Q be (h, k) –2k = 13 Þ k =
Since, equation of normals to the hyperbola 2
x2 y2 a 2 x b2 y Hence, ordinate of point of intersection of normals at P

- = 1 At point (x1, y1) is + = a2 + b2
a 2
b 2 x1 y1 -13
2 2 and Q is
x y 2
therefore equation of normal to the hyperbola 2
-
3 22 216. (a) x2 – 6y = 0 ...(i)
= 1 at point P (3 secq , 2 tanq) is 2 2
2x – 4y = 9 ...(ii)
32 x 22 y Consider the line,
+ = 32 + 22
3sec q 2 tan q 3
x- y = ...(iii)
Þ 3 x cos q + 2 y cot q = 3 + 2 2 2
...(1) 2
On solving (i) and (iii), we get only
x2 y2
Similarly, Equation of normal to the hyperbola - 3
32 22 x = 3, y =
at point Q (3 sec f, 2 tanf) is 2
32 x 22 y æ 3ö
+ = 32 + 22 Hence ç 3, ÷ is the point of contact of conic (i), and
3sec f 2 tan f è 2ø
line (iii)
Þ 3 x cos f + 2 y cot f = 32 + 2 2 ...(2)
p p 3
Given q + f = Þ f = - q and these passes through On solving (ii) and (iii), we get only x = 3, y =
2 2 2
(h, k)
\ From eq. (2)

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æ 3ö
Hence ç 3, ÷ is also the point of contact of conic (ii) and b2
è 2ø eccentricity = e = 1 -
16
line (iii).
Hence line (iii) is the common tangent to both the given b2
conics. foci: ± ae = ± 4 1 -
16
217. (d) Equation of the tangent at the point ‘q’ is
x2 y 2 1
x sec q y tan q
Equation of hyperbola is - =
- =1 144 81 25
a b
x2 y2
Þ - =1
Þ P = (a cos q, 0) and Q = (0, – b cot q)
144 81
Let R be (h, k) Þ h = a cos q, k = –b cot q 25 25
-b -bh 81 25 81
Þ
k
= Þ sin q = and cos q =
h eccentricity = e = 1 + ´ = 1+
h a sin q ak a 25 144 144
By squaring and adding, 225 15

= =
144 12
b2 h2 h2
+ =1
2 2
a2 12 15
a k foci: ± ae = ± ´ = ±3
5 12
Since, foci of ellipse and hyperbola coincide
Y
b2
\ ± 4 1- = ± 3 Þ b2 = 7
R Q 16
K2 4
P O X - =1 (Qb = ± 2)
9 4
Þ K2 = 18
219. (a) Given hyperbola is
x2 y 2
- =1
9 b2
b2 a2 a2 b2
Þ +1 = Þ - =1 Since this passes through (K, 2), therefore
k2 h2 h2 k2
x2 y 2 K2 4
Now, given eqn of hyperbola is - =1 - =1 ...(1)
4 2 9 b2
Þ a 2 = 4, b 2 = 2
b2 13
2 2 4 2 Also, given e = 1 + 2
=
a b - =1 3
\ R lies on - = 1 i.e., a
x2 y2 x2 y2
218. (c) Given equation of ellipse is b2 13

Þ 1+ = Þ 9 + b2 = 13
9 3
x2 y 2
+ =1
16 b 2
Þ b=±2

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M-206 Mathematics
Now, from eqn (1), we have Co-ordinates of foci are (± ae, 0)
K2 4 i.e. ( ± 1, 0)
- =1 (Qb = ± 2) Hence, abscissae of foci remain constant when a varies.
9 4
Þ K2 = 18 x2 y2
220. (b) Given that ae = 2 and e = 2 222. (d) We know that tangent to the hyperbola - =1
a2 b2
\ a =1
(
is
We know, b 2 = a 2 e 2 - 1 )
y = mx ± a 2 m2 - b2
b 2 = 1( 4 - 1)
Given that y = a x + b is the tangent of hyperbola.
b2 = 3
2 2 2 2
x2 y2 Þ m = a and a m - b = b
\ Equation of hyperbola, - =1
a2 b2 \ a 2a 2 - b 2 = b 2
2 2
x y
Þ - =1 Locus is a 2 x 2 - y 2 = b2 which is hyperbola.
1 3
3 x2 - y 2 = 3 x2 y2 1
223. (d) - =
221. (b) Given, equation of hyperbola is 144 81 25
x2 y2 144 12 81 9
- =1 a= = ,b = = ,
cos 2 a sin 2 a 25 5 25 5
Compare with equation of hyperbola
81 15 5
e = 1+ = =
x2 y2 144 12 4
- = 1, we get a 2 = cos 2 a and
a2 b2 \ Foci = ( ± ae, 0) = ( ±3 , 0)
b 2 = sin 2 a \ foci of ellipse = foci of hyperbola

\ for ellipse ae = 3 but a = 4,
We know that, b 2 = a 2 (e2 - 1)
3
\ e=
Þ sin 2 a = cos 2 a (e 2 - 1) 4
Þ sin 2 a + cos2 a = cos 2 a.e2 Then, b 2 = a 2 (1 - e 2 )
Þ e 2 = sec2 a
Þ b 2 = 16æç1 - 9 ö÷ = 7
Þ e = sec a è 16 ø
1
\ ae = cos a . =1
cos a

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12
Limits and Derivatives
Limit of a Function, Left Hand & 6. Let f(x) = 5 - x - 2 and g ( x) = x + 1 , xÎ R. If f(x) attains
Right Hand limits, Existance of maximum value at a and g(x) attains minimum value at b,
Limits, Sandwitch Theorem,
TOPIC Ć Evaluation of Limits when X® ¥, ( x - 1)( x 2 - 5 x + 6)
Limits by Factorisation, then lim is equal to :
x ®-ab x2 - 6 x + 8
Substitution & Rationalisation
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
1. If a is the positive root of the equation, p(x) = x2 – x – 2 = 0, (a) 1/2 (b) –3/2 (c) –1/2 (d) 3/2
1 - cos(p( x )) x + 2 sin x
then lim is equal to: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] lim
x ®a + x+a-4 7. x ®0 is
x + 2sin x + 1 - sin 2 x - x + 1
2
3 3 1 1 [April 12, 2019 (II)]

(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1
x (e ( 1+ x 2 + x 4 -1) / x
- 1) x4 - 1 x3 - k 3
2. lim [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] 8. If lim = lim 2 , then k is:[April 10, 2019 (I)]
x ®1 x - 1 x ®k x - k 2
x®0
1 + x2 + x4 - 1
(a) is equal to e (b) is equal to 1 8 3 3 4

(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 8 2 3
(c) is equal to 0 (d) does not exist
3. Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t. If for some
x 2 - ax + b
9. If lim = 5 , then a + b is equal to :
1 - x+ | x | x ®1 x -1
l Î R - {0, 1}, lim = L, then L is equal to :
x ®0 l - x + [ x] [April 10, 2019 (II)]
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] (a) –4 (b) 5 (c) –7 (d) 1
1 sin 2 x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0 10. lim equals : [April 8, 2019 (I)]
2 x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x
ìï 1 æ x2 x2 x2 x 2 ö üï
4. If lim í 8 çç1 - cos - cos + cos cos ÷÷ ý = 2 - k , (a) 4 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4
x ®0 ï x 2 4 2 4 ø ïþ
î è
then the value of k is __________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] cot3 x - tanx
11. lim is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
p æ pö
3x + 33- x - 12 x ® cos x +
ç
5. lim - x /2 1- x is equal to ¾¾¾. 4
è 4 ÷ø
x ®2 3 -3
[NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] (a) 4 (b) 4 2 (c) 8 2 (d) 8

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M-208 Mathematics
p - 2 sin -1 x cot x - cos x

12. lim is equal to: [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] 19. lim equals : [2017]
x ®1- 1- x x®
p
( p - 2x )3
2
1 2 p
(a) (b) (c) (d) p 1 1 1 1
2p p 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 24 16 8
13. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Then :
3x - 3
lim
( ) (
20. is equal to : [Online April 8, 2017]
tan p sin x + | x | - sin ( x [ x ]) ) 2x - 4 - 2
2 2 x ®3
lim :
x ®0 x2 1 3 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] 2 2 2 2

(a) does not exist (b) equals p
(c) equals p + 1 (d) equals 0 (1 - cos 2x)(3 + cosx)
21. lim is equal to : [2015]
x cot ( 4 x )
x ®0 x tan 4x
14. lim is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
x ®0 sin 2 x cot 2 ( 2 x ) (a) 2 (b)
1
2 (c) 4 (d) 3
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1
15. For each t Î R, let [t] be the greatest integer less than or 2
equal to t. Then, [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] e x - cos x
22. lim is equal to : [Online April 10, 2015]
æp ö
x® 0 sin 2 x
(1 - | x | + sin |1 - x |) sin ç [1 - x] ÷
lim è 2 ø 3 5
x ®1+ |1 - x | [1 - x] (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d)
2 4
(a) equals 1
(c) equals – 1
(b) equals 0
(d) does not exist 23. lim
(
sin p cos 2 x ) is equal to: [2014]
x®0 2
x
1 + 1 + y4 - 2 p
16. lim [Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] (a) -p (b) p (c) (d) 1
y®0 y4 2
(a) exists and equals

4 2
1
24. If lim
{
tan ( x - 2 ) x 2 + ( k - 2 ) x - 2k } = 5,
2
x ®2 x - 4x + 4
1 then k is equal to: [Online April 11, 2014]
(b) exists and equals 2 2
( 2 +1) (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(1 - cos 2 x)(3 + cos x)
1 25. lim is equal to [2013]
(c) exists and equals x®0 x tan 4 x
2 2
(d) does not exist 1 1
(a) - (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
17. For each xÎR, let [x] be greatest integer less than or equal 4 2
to x. Then [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
x ([ x ] + | x |) sin [ x] 26. lim
(
sin p cos 2 x ) equals [Online May 26, 2012]
lim is equal to: 2
x ®0 x x ®0 x
(a) – sin 1 (b) 1 (c) sin 1 (d) 0 (a) – p (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) p
x tan 2 x - 2 x tan x æ x - sin x ö æ 1ö
18. lim equals. [Online April 15, 2018] lim ç
(1 - cos 2 x) 2
27. ÷ sin çè ÷ø [Online May 7, 2012]
x®0 è x ø
x ®0
x
1 1 1 (a) equals 1 (b) equals 0
(a) 1 (b) - (c) (d)
2 4 2 (c) does not exist (d) equals – 1

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Limits and Derivatives M-209
28. Let f : R ® [0, ¥) be such that lim f(x) exists and 1 - cos 2 x
x® 5
35. lim is [2002]
x ®0 2x
lim
( f ( x )) 2
-9
=0 (a) 1 (b) –1
[2011RS]
x® 5 x -5
(c) ero (d) does not exist
Then lim f(x) equals :
x®5 Limits Using L-hospital's Rule,
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 TOPIC n Evaluation of Limits of the form
1¥, Limits by Expansion Method
æ 1 - cos{2( x - 2)} ö
29. lim ç ÷ [2011]
x®2 è x-2 ø 1 1
(a + 2 x) 3 - (3 x ) 3
(a) equals (b) equals – 36. lim ( a ¹ 0) is equal to :

2 2 x ®a 1 1
(3a + x) 3 - (4 x ) 3
1
(c) equals (d) does not exist [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
2
30. Let f : R ® R be a positive increasing function with 4 1
æ 2 ö3 æ 2 öæ 2 ö 3
f (3 x) f (2 x) (a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷ç ÷
lim = 1 then lim = [2010] è3ø è 3 øè 9 ø
x ®¥ f ( x) x ®¥ f ( x)
4 1
2 3
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 1 æ 2 ö3 æ 2 öæ 2 ö 3
3 2 (c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷ç ÷
è9ø è 9 øè 3 ø
31. Let a and b be the distinct roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,
x + x 2 + x3 + ... + x n - n
1 - cos(ax 2 + bx + c) 37. If lim = 820, (n Î N) then the
then lim is equal to [2005] x ®1 x -1
x®a ( x - a) 2
value of n is equal to ________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
2
a 1/ x
(a) (a - b ) 2 (b) 0 æ æp öö
2 38. lim ç tan ç + x÷ ÷ is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
x®0 è è4 øø
-a 2 1
(c) (a - b ) 2 (d) (a - b) 2 (a) e (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) e 2
2 2
1/ x 2
æ 3 x2 + 2 ö
é æ xö ù lim ç 2
ê1 - tan çè 2 ÷ø ú [1 - sin x]
39.
x ®0 è 7 x + 2 ø
÷ is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
ë û
32. lim is [2003]
x ® 1 + tan æ x ö ù [ p - 2 x ]3
p é
èç 2 ø÷ úû
2 ê 1 1
ë (a) (b) (c) e2 (d) e
e e2
1 1 x t sin(10t ) dt
(a) ¥ (b)
8
(c) 0 (d)
32
40. lim ò is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
x® 0 0 x
log x n - [ x] 1 1 1
33. lim , n Î N , ([x] denotes greatest integer less (a) 0 (b) (c) - (d) -
x ®0 [ x] 10 5 10
than or equal to x) [2002] 41. If a and b are the roots of the equation 375x2–25x–2=0,
(a) has value -1 (b) has value 0 n n
(c) has value 1 (d) does not exist then nlim
®¥
å a r + nlim
®¥
å br is equal to :
r =1 r =1
x
æ x2 + 5 x + 3 ö [April 12, 2019 (I)]
34. lim ç 2 ÷ [2002]
x ®¥ çè x + x + 2 ÷ø 21 29 1 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) e4 (b) e2 (c) e3 (d) 1 346 358 12 116

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M-210 Mathematics
42. Let f : R ® R be a differentiable function satisfying 2x

æ a b ö
1 48. If lim çç1+ + ÷÷ = e 2 , then the values of a and b, are
æ 1 + f ( 3 + x ) – f ( 3) öx x ®¥ è x x 2 ø
f ¢(3) + f ¢(2) = 0. Then lim ç ÷ is equal
x ®0 è 1 + f ( 2 – x ) – f ( 2 ) ø [2004]
to : [April 08, 2019 (II)] (a) a = 1 and b = 2 (b) a = 1, b Î R
(a) 1 (b) e–1 (c) e (d) e2
(c) a Î R, b = 2 (d) a Î R, b Î R
43. For each t Î R , let [t] be the greatest integer less than or
equal to t. Then [2018] xf (2) - 2 f ( x)
49. Let f (x) = 4 and f ¢ (x) = 4. Then lim
x ®2 x-2
æé 1 ù é 2 ù é15 ù ö
lim x ç ê ú + ê ú + ... + ê ú ÷ is given by [2002]
è x
x ®0+ ë û ë û
x ë x ûø
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) – 4 (d) 3
(a) is equal to 15. (b) is equal to 120.

(c) does not exist (in R). (d) is equal to 0. Derivatives of Polynomial &
Trigonometric Functions,
1
(27 + x ) 3 - 3
TOPIC Đ Derivative of Sum, Difference,
44. lim equals. [Online April 16, 2018] Product & Quotient of two
x®0 2
functions
9 - (27 + x ) 3
50. Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extreme values
1 1 1 1
(a) - (b) (c) - (d) æ f ( x) ö
3 6 6 3 at x = 1 and x = 2. If lim ç 2 + 1÷ = 3 then f (– 1) is equal
x ®0 è x ø
1
( )
to [Online April 15, 2018]
45. Let p = lim 1 + tan 2 x 2x then log p is equal to :
x ®0+ (a)
1
(b)
3
(c)
5
(d)
9
[2016] 2 2 2 2
1 1 51. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree four having extreme
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 1
2 4 é f (x) ù
values at x = 1 and x = 2. If xlim 1 + 2 ú = 3, then f(2) is
®0 êë x û
(1 - cos 2x) 2
46. lim is : [Online April 10, 2016] equal to : [2015]
x ®0 2x tan x - x tan 2x
(a) 0 (b) 4
1 1 (c) – 8 (d) – 4
(a) 2 (b) - (c) –2 (d) 52. Let f (1) = –2 and f ¢ (x) ³ 4.2 for 1 £ x £ 6 . The possible
2 2
value of f (6) lies in the interval : [April 25, 2013]
2x (b) (– ¥ , 12)
æ a 4ö (a) [15, 19)
47. If lim ç1 + - 2 ÷ = e3, then 'a' is equal to : (d) [19, ¥ )
x ®¥ è x x ø (c) [12, 15)
53. If f (x) = 3x10 – 7x8 + 5x6 – 21x3 + 3x2 – 7, then
f (1 - a ) - f (1)
3 1 2 lim is [Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) a®0 a3 + 3a
2 2 3
53 53 55 55
(a) - (b) (c) - (d)
3 3 3 3

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1. (b) x2 - x - 2 = 0 Þ ( x - 2)( x + 1) = 0 1- h + h 1
R.H.L. = lim =
h® 0 l+h+0 l
Þ x = 2, - 1 Þ a = 2
Given that limit exists. Hence L.H.L. = R.H.L.
1 - cos( x - x - 2)
2
Þ | l - 1| = | l |
\ lim
x ® 2+ x-2
1 1
Þl= and L = =2
æ x - x - 2ö
2 2 l
2 sin ç ÷
è 2 ø 4. (8)
= lim
x ® 2+ x-2 æ x2 ö æ x2 ö
ç 1 - cos 1 - cos
( x 2 - x - 2) è 2 ÷ø ç
è 4 ÷ø
2 sin lim = 2-k
2 ( x 2 - x - 2) x®0 x4 x4
= lim ´
x ® 2+ æ x2 - x - 2ö 2( x - 2)
ç ÷ x2 x2
è 2 ø 2sin 2
2sin 2
Þ lim 4 4 ´ 4 8 = 2- k
æ æ x2 - x - 2ö ö x®0 x x
ç sin ç ÷÷ ´ 16 ´ 64
1 è 2 ø÷ ( x - 2)( x + 1)
lim ç
16 64
= ´ lim
2 x ® 2+ ç x 2 - x - 2 ÷ x ® 2+ ( x - 2)
ç ÷ 4 é sin q ù
è 2 ø Þ = 2-8 = 2- k êëQ q®
lim = 1ú
16 ´ 64 0 q û
1 3
= ´ 1´ 3 = \k = 8
2 2
5. (36)Let 3x = t2
æ 1+ x2 + x 4 -1 ö
xçe x - 1÷ 27
ç ÷ t2 + - 12
ç ÷ t2 t 4 - 12t 2 + 27
2. (b) Let L = lim è ø lim = lim
x®0 t ®3 1 3 t ®3 t -3
1 + x + x -1
2 4
-
t t2
1+ x 2 + x 4 -1
e x -1 (t 2 - 3)(t + 3)(t - 3)
= lim = lim
x®0 t ®3 t -3
1 + x2 + x4 - 1 2
= (3 – 3) (3 + 3) = 36.
x
6. (a) f (x) = 5 – | x – 2 |
1 + x2 + x4 - 1
Put = t when x ® 0 Þ t ® 0 Graph of y = f (x)
x y
et - 1
\ L = lim =1 (2 5)
t ®0 t
1- x + | x |
3. (b) Given lim =L
x®0 l - x + [ x] x
O 2
1+ h + h 1
Here, L.H.L. = lim =
h® 0 l + h -1 l -1
By the graph f (x) is maximum at x = 2
\ a = 2 g (x) = | x + 1 |

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M-212 Mathematics
Graph of y = g (x)
x 2 - ax + b
y 9. (c) lim =5
x ®1 x -1
Q limit is finite. \ 1 – a + b = 0
2x - a æ0 ö
Þ lim =5 ç 0 form ÷ (By L Hospital’s rule)
x ®1 1 è ø
x
–1 O 2 Þ 2 – a = 5 Þ a = – 3 and b = – 4
Then a + b = – 3 – 4 = – 7
By the graph g (x) is minimum at x = – 1 sin 2 x

10. (a) lim
\ b=–1 x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x
( x - 1)( x - 2)( x - 3) sin 2 x é0ù

Now, xlim ( x - 2)( x - 4) = lim
®2
x ®0 x êë 0 úû
2 - 2cos2
( x - 1)( x - 3) 1 2
= lim =
x ®2 x-4 2 sin 2 x sin 2 x
= lim = lim
7. (b) Given limit is, x ®0 é x ù x®0 2 2 sin 2 x
2 ê1 - cos ú
x + 2sin x ë 2û 4
lim
x® 0
x 2 + 2sin x + 1 - sin 2 x - x + 1 æ sin x ö
2
ç ÷ .16 16
On rationalising, è x ø =4 2
= lim 2 =
x ®0 æ xö 2 2
( x + 2sin x) ëé x 2 + 2sin x + 1 + sin 2 x - x + 1 ûù ç sin 4 ÷
= lim 2 2ç ÷
x ®0 ( x 2 - sin 2 x ) + ( x + 2sin x)
ç x ÷
è 4 ø
é æ sin x ö ù é 2 ù
ê1 + 2 ç x ÷ ú ë x + 2sin x + 1 + sin x - x + 1 û
2
ë è øû æ tan x ö
lim cot 3 x ç1 -
= x® 0 æ sin 2 x ö æ æ sin x ö ö cot 3 x - tan x è cos3 x ø÷
çx- ÷ + 1+ 2ç ÷÷
x ø çè
11. (d) lim = lim
è è x øø x ® cos æ x + p ö
p p cos ( x + p /4 )
x®
4 çè ÷ø 4
4
3´ 2 é sin ù
= =2 êQ xlim = 1ú
3 ë ® 0 x û (1 - tan 4 x)
= lim
x ® tan x cos( x + p / 4)
p 3
x4 - 1 æ x3 - k 3 ö 4
(a) Given, xlim = lim ç 2 ÷
x ® K èç x - k 2 ø÷ (1 + tan 2 x)(1 - tan x)(1 + tan x)
8. ®1 x - 1
= lim
x®
p æ cos x - sin x ö
tan 3 x ç ÷ø
x4 -1 æ0 ö 4
è 2
Taking L.H.S. lim ç 0 form ÷
x ®1 x - 1 è ø
(1 + tan 2 x )(1 + tan x )(cos x - sin x)
= limp
4 x3 x® sin 3 x æ cos x - sin x ö
Lt =4 [Using L Hospital’s Rule] 4 ç ÷ø
x ®1 1 cos 2 x è 2
x3 - k 3
\ lim =4 (2)(2)
x® K x2 - k 2 = =8
1
Þ lim
3x 2 ( 2 )( 2 )
x ® K 2x
=4 [Using L Hospital’s Rule] p - 2sin -1 x
12. (b) lim- = lim f (1 - h )
x ®1 1- x h®0
3 8
Þ k =4 Þk=
2 3 p - 2sin -1 (1 - h)
= lim
h®0 1 - (1 - h)

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p - 2sin -1 (1 - h) 1+ 1+ y4 - 2
= lim 16. (a) L = lim
h® 0 h y® 0 y4
1 1
- ´2´ (-1)
-1
2 2sin (1 - h) 1 - (1 - h)2 æ öæ ö
1 + 1 + y4 - 2÷ ç 1 + 1 + y4 + 2÷
= lim
h®0 1 èç øè ø
= lim
2 h y® 0 æ ö
y4 ç 1+ 1+ y4 + 2÷
1 1 è ø
-1
2sin (1 - h ) h(2 - h ) 1+ 1+ y4 - 2
= lim = lim
h® 0 1 y® 0 æ ö
y4 ç 1+ 1+ y4 + 2÷
2 h è ø
1 1 2 æ 1 + y4 –1öæ 1 + y4 + 1 ö
=2´ ´ ç ÷ç ÷
=
p è øè ø
p 2 = lim
y ®0 4 æ ö
y ç 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 ÷ æç 1 + y4 + 1ö÷
tan(p sin 2 x ) + ( x - 0)2 è øè ø
13. (a) RHL is, lim+
x ®0 x2 1+ y4 -1
= lim
æ tan(p sin x ö
= lim+ ç
2
+ 1÷ = 1 + p
y® 0 æ
y4 ç
è
ö
1+ 1+ y4 + 2 ÷ 1+ y4 +1
ø ( )
x ®0 è x2 ø
1 1
= =
tan(p sin x) + ( - x + sin x)
2 2 2 2´2 4 2
And LHL is, lim-
x ®0 x2 x ([ x ] + | x |) × sin[ x]
17. (a) lim
x ® 0- | x|
tan(p sin x ) + x + sin x - 2 x sin x
2 2 2
= lim-
x ®0 x2 (0 - h)([0 - h]+ |0 - h |) × sin[0 - h]
= lim
= p+1+1–2=p h®0 |0 - h |
Since, LHL ¹ RHL
Hence, limit does not exist. (- h)( -1 + h)sin( -1)
= lim
h®0 h
x cot 4 x x .tan 2 2 x
14. (d) lim
x ®0 2 2 = lim
x®0 sin 2 x .tan 4 x
= lim (1 - h)sin(-1) = –sin1
sin x .cot 2 x h®0
2 2 ( x tan 2 x - 2 x tan x)
æ x ö æ tan 2 x ö æ 4x ö 4 18. (d) Let, L = lim = lim K (say)
= lim ç .ç ÷ .ç . (1 - cos 2 x)2
x ®0 è sin x ÷
x ®0 x ®0
è tan 4 x ø÷ 22
=1
ø è 2x ø
é 2 tan x ù
æp ö xê ú - 2 x tan x
(1 - | x | + sin (|1 - x |))sin ç [1 - x]÷ ë 1 - (tan x )2 û
è2 ø ÞK=
15. (b) lim
x ®1+ |1 - x | [1 - x] (1 - (1 - 2sin 2 x ))2
æp ö 2 x tan x - [2 x tan x - 2 x tan 3 x ]

(1 - |1 + h | + sin (|1 - 1 - h |))sin ç [1 - 1 - h]÷ =
è2 ø 4 sin 4 x ´ (1 - tan 2 x )
= lim
h®0 |1 - 1 - h | [1 - 1 - h]
2 x tan 3 x 2 x tan 3 x
= =
æp ö 4 sin x ´ (1 - tan 2 x)
4
æ cos 2 x - sin 2 x ö
(1 - 1 - h + sinh)sin ç ( -1)÷ 4 sin 4 x ´ çç ÷÷
è2 ø è cos 2 x ø
= lim
h®0 h([0 - h]) sin 3 x
2x
cos3 x
æ pö =
(- h + sin h) sin ç - ÷ æ cos 2 x - sin 2 x ö
è 2ø 4 sin 4 x ´ çç ÷÷
= lim =0 cos 2 x
h® 0 h (-1) è ø

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M-214 Mathematics
ÞK=
x sin( p cos 2 x)
2 sin x ´ (cos x - sin 2 x) cos x
2 23. (b) lim
x®0 x2
\ L = lim
x
´ lim
1 sin éëp(1 - sin 2 x) ùû
x ®0 2 sin x x ® 0 cos x (cos2 x - sin 2 x) = lim
x ®0 x2
x 1 1
= lim ´ lim = ( p - p sin 2 x)
x®0 2 sin x x ® 0 cos 0 (cos 0 - sin 0) 2
2 2 = lim sin [Q sin (p – q) = sin q]
x ®0 x2
cot x(1 - sin x) cot x(1 - sin x) (p sin 2 x) p sin 2 x
19. (c) lim = limp 3 = lim sin ´
x®
p
æ pö
3
x® æp ö x ®0 p sin 2 x x2
2 -8 ç x - ÷ 2 8ç - x ÷
è 2ø è2 ø 2
æ sin x ö
= lim 1´ p ç ÷ =p
p p x ®0 è x ø
Put - x = t Þ as x ® Þ t ® 0
2 2 tan( x - 2){x 2 + (k - 2) x - 2k}
æp öæ æ p öö 24. (d) lim =5
cot ç - t ÷ ç 1 - sin ç - t÷ ÷ x ®2 x2 - 4 x + 4
è2 øè è 2 øø
= lim 3 tan( x - 2){x 2 + kx - 2 x - 2 k}
t® 0 8t Þ lim =5
x®2 ( x - 2) 2
tan t(1 - cos t) tan t 1 - cos t
= lim = lim . tan( x - 2){x ( x - 2) + k ( x - 2)}
t®0 8t 3 t ®0 8t t2 Þ lim =5
1 1 1 x® 2 ( x - 2) ´ ( x - 2)
= .1. =
8 2 16 æ tan( x - 2) ö æ (k + x )( x - 2 ) ö
Þ xlim ç ÷ ´ lim ç
( x - 2 ) ÷ø
è - ø x® 2 è
=5
3x - 3 ®2 ( x 2)
20. (b) Let A = lim
x ®3 2x - 4 - 2 ì tan h ü
Rationalise Þ 1 ´ xlim
®2
(k + x ) = 5 íQ lim = 1ý
î h®0 h þ
( 3x - 9 ) ´ ( 2x - 4 + 2 )
or k + 2 = 5
Þ A = lim Þ k=3
x ®3 {( 2x - 4 ) - 2} ´ ( 3x + 3 )
25. (d) Multiply and divide by x in the given expression, we
get
3 ( x - 3) 2x - 4 + 2 3 2 2 1 (1 - cos 2 x ) (3 + cos x) x
= lim ´ ´ = lim ·
( )
=
x ®3 2 ( x - 3) 3x + 3 2 6 2 x®0 x2 1 tan 4 x
é 2 xù
21. (a) Multiply and divide by x in the given expression, we êëQ1 - cos 2 x = 2sin 2 úû
get
2sin 2 x 3 + cos x x
(1 - cos 2 x ) (3 + cos x) x = lim · ·
lim · x®0 x 2 1 tan 4x
x®0 x2 1 tan 4 x
sin 2 x 4x 1
= 2 lim · lim ( 3 + cos x ) · lim ´
2sin x 3 + cos x
2
x x ®0 x2 x® 0 x® 0 tan 4 x 4
= lim · ·
x®0 x2 1 tan 4 x
= 2.4.
1
=2
4
= 2 lim
x®0
sin 2 x
x 2
· lim 3 + cos x · lim
x®0 x ®0
x
tan 4 x 26. (d) Consider, lim
(
sin p cos 2 x )
x®0 2
x
1 4x 1
= 2.4 lim
4 x®0 tan 4 x
= 2.4. = 2
4
= lim
(
sin p - p sin 2 x ) éëQ sin ( p - q ) = sin q ùû
x®0 2
x2 x
2xe + sin x
( ) ´ ( p sin x) = p
22. (c) lim
x ®0 2sin x cos x sin p sin 2 x 2
= lim
æ x x2 1 ö 1 1 3 x®0 p sin 2 x x2
lim ç e + ÷ = 1+ =
x ®0 è sin x 2 ø cos x 2 2

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æ x - sin x ö æ 1ö æ ( x - a )( x - b) ö
2sin 2 ç a ÷ø
27. (b) Consider lim çè ÷ sin çè ÷ø è
x ®0 x ø x = lim
2
x® a ( x - a)2
é æ sin x ö ù æ ( x - a ) ( x - b) ö
ê x ç1 - x ÷ø ú sin 2 ç a ÷ø
è
= lim ê è ú ´ lim sin æç ö÷
1
= lim
2
´
2
x ®0 ë x û x® 0 è x ø x ® a ( x - a )2 a 2 ( x - a ) 2 ( x - b) 2
4
é sin x ù æ 1ö a 2 ( x - a )2 ( x - b)2
= lim ê1 - ´ lim sin ç ÷
x® 0 ë x úû x®0 è xø ´
4
é sin x ù æ 1ö a 2 (a - b)2
= ê1 - lim ú ´ lim sin ç ÷
è
= .
ë x® 0 x û x ® 0 xø 2
æ 1ö æp xö
tan ç - ÷ .(1 - sin x )
= 0 ´ lim sin ç ÷ = 0 è4 2ø
x ®0 è xø 32. (d) lim
p ( p - 2 x )3
x®
( f ( x) ) 2 - 9
2
p
28. (d) Given that lim =0 Let x = + y; y ® 0
x®5 x-5 2
Þ lim [(f (x) )2 – 9] = 0 æ yö
x®5 tan ç - ÷ .(1 - cos y )
è 2ø
2 = lim
Þ é lim f ( x) ù = 9 Þ lim f (x) = 3 y®0 ( -2 y )3
ë x®5 û x® 5
y y
é - tan 2sin 2
1 - cos{2( x - 2)} 2 vù
êëQ1 - cos q = 2sin 2 úû
2 2
29. (d) lim = lim é 2 qù
x®2 x-2 y ®0 y3 êëQ1 - cos q = 2sin 2 úû
( -8). .8
2 sin( x - 2) 8
= lim
x®2 x-2 tan é
y 2
= lim
1 2 . sin y / 2 ù = 1
2 sin( x - 2) ê ú
L.H.L = - lim =- 2 y ®0 32 æ y ö ë y / 2 û 32
x® 2 ( x - 2) ç ÷
(at x = 2)
è2ø
2 sin( x - 2) é sin q tan q ù
R.H.L = lim = 2 = lim = 1ú
(at x = 2) x®2 ( x - 2) êëQ lim
q® 0 q q® 0 q û
Thus L.H.L ¹ R.H.L 33. (d) Since, lim [ x ] = -1 ¹ lim [ x] = 0. So lim [ x] does
(at x = 2)
x ®0- x ®0 +
(at x = 2) x ®0
1 - cos{2( x - 2)} not exist, hence the required limit does not exist.
Hence, lim does not exist.
x® 2 x-2 æ x 2 + 5 x + 3ö æ
x
4x +1 ö
x
34. (a) lim ç 2 ÷ = xlim çè1 + 2 ÷
30. (d) Given that f(x) is a positive increasing function.
x ®¥ è x + x + 2 ø ®¥ x + x + 2ø
\ 0 < f ( x ) < f (2 x ) < f (3 x )
Divided by f (x) ( 4 x +1) x
f (2 x ) f (3 x) é x2 + x + 2 ù x2 + x + 2
Þ 0<1< < êæ
f ( x) f ( x) 4 x + 1 ö 4 x+1 ú
= lim êç1 + 2 ÷ ú
x ®¥ ê è x + x + 2ø ú
f (2 x ) f (3 x )
Þ lim 1 £ lim £ lim ëê ûú
x ®¥ x ®¥ f ( x) x ®¥ f ( x)
By Sandwich Theorem. 4x2 + x
lim é 1
lù
êQ lim (1 + lx ) x = e ú
2
= e x®¥ x + x+ 2
f (2 x)
Þ lim =1 ë x®¥ û
x ®¥ f ( x) 1
31. (a) Given that 4+
x
ax2 + bx + c = a(x – a)(x – b)
lim
x ®¥ 1+ 1 + 2 é 1 ù
x 2 4 êëQ ¥ = 0úû
1 - cos a ( x - a )( x - b ) =e x =e
lim
x ®a ( x - a )2

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40. (a) Using L’ Hospital rule,

1 - cos 2 x
35. (d) lim ;
x ®0 2x x sin(10 x)
lim =0
x ®0 1
2sin 2 x sin x é sin q ù 41. (c) Given equation is, 375x2 – 25x – 2 = 0
lim Þ lim êëQ lim = 1ú
x ®0 2x x®0 x q® 0 q û Sum and product of the roots are,
The limit of above does not exist as 25 -2
a+b= and ab =
LHS = –1 ¹ RHL = 1 375 375
n
1 1 lim
n ®¥
å (ar + br )
( a + 2 x) 3 - (3 x ) 3 é0 ù r =1
36. (b) lim ê 0 case ú
ë û
x ®a 1 1
= (a + a 2 + a3 + ...¥ (b + b 2 + b3... + ¥ )
(3a + x) 3 - (4 x ) 3
a b a + b - 2ab
Apply L'Hospital rule = + =
1 - a 1 - b 1 - (a + b) + ab
1 1
(a + 2 x)-2 / 3 × 2 - × (3x )-2 /3 × 3 25
+
4
lim 3 3 375 375 = 29 29 1
x ®a 1 -2/ 3 1 = = =
(3a + x ) × - (4 x) -2 / 3 × 4 1-
25
-
2 375 - 25 - 2 348 12
3 3 375 375
1
1
(3a) -2 / 3 × (2 - 3) æ 1 + f (3 + x) - f (3) ö x
3-2/ 3 1
1/ 3
3 24 / 3 1 2 æ 2 ö 42. (a) I = lim ç ¥
÷ [1 form]
= = -2 /3 × = 1/3 × = × ç ÷ x ®0 è 1 + f (2 - x ) - f (2) ø
1 3 3 3 è9ø
(4a)-2 / 3 × (1 - 4) 4 9
3 Þ I = el1, where
37. (40)
æ æ 1 + f (3 + x ) - f (3) ö ö æ 1 ö
x + x 2 + x3 + .... + x n - n æ0 ö I1 = lim ç ç - 1÷ ÷ ç ÷
lim = 820 ç case÷ x ®0 è è 1 + f (2 - x) - f (2) øø è x ø
x ®1 x -1 è0 ø
1 + 2 x + 3x 2 + .... + nx n -1 æ 1 ö æ f (3 + x) - f (3) - f (2 - x) + f (2) ö
lim = 820 = lim ç ÷ ç ÷
x ®1 1 x ®0 è x ø è 1 + f (2 - x) - f (2) ø
(Using L' Hospital rule)
0
Þ 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n = 820 ( form)
0
n(n + 1) By L. Hospital Rule,
Þ = 820 Þ n2 + n - 1640 = 0
2
æ f ¢(3 + x) + f ¢(2 - x) ö æ 1 ö
Þ n = 40, n Î N I1 = lim ç ÷ lim ç ÷
x ®0 è 1 ø x®0 è 1 + f (2 - x) - f (2) ø
æ 1 + tan x ö
1/ x
= f¢ (3) + f¢ (2) = 0
38. (d) lim ç ÷
x®0 è 1 - tan x ø I
Þ I = e 1 = e =1
0
æ 1 15 ö
(b) Since, lim x ç é ù + é ù + ... + é ù ÷
1é æ p ö ù 1 æ 1+ tan x ö 2
lim ê tan ç + x÷ -1ú lim ç -1
è4 ø û
x®0 x ë è 1- tan x ÷ø 43.
êë x úû êë x úû êë x úû ø
Þe Þ e x®0 x x®0 + è
æ 2 tan x ö 1 æ tan x ö æ 2 ö æì 1 ü ì 2 ü
lim ç ÷ lim ç ÷ç ÷ æ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 15 ö ì15 ü ö
Þ e x ®0è 1- tan x ø x = e x ® 0è x ø è 1- tan x ø = e2 = lim x ç ÷ø - çè í x ý + í x ý + ... + í x ý ÷ø
x ® 0+ è x î þ î þ î þ
1 1 ìï 3 x 2 + 2 üï
æ 3x 2 + 2 ö x 2 lim í - 1ý ìrü ìrü
x ®0 x 2 ï 7 x 2 + 2
î þï Q 0 £ í ý <1 Þ 0 £ xí ý < x
39. (b) Let R = lim ç 2 ÷ =e îxþ îxþ
x ®0 çè 7 x + 2 ÷ø
æ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 15 ö 15 ´ 16
1 ìï -4 x 2 üï -4
\ lim+ x çè ÷ø = = 120
lim í ý x ®0 x 2
x ®0 x 2 ï 7 x 2 + 2 ï 1
=e î þ =e 2 = e -2 = 2
e

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1
(b) We know that lim (1 + x ) x = e
1
(27 + x) 3 -3 48.
44. (c) Let L = lim x ®¥
x®0 2 2x
9 - (27 + x) 3 æ a bö
Given that lim ç1 + + ÷ = e2
x ®¥ è x x2 ø
0 æa b ö
Here ‘L’ is in the indeterminate form i.e., 2xç + ÷
0 é æ 1 öù è x x2 ø
êæ a b ö ç a + b ÷ ú
\ using the L’Hospital rule we get: Þ lim ê ç1 + + ÷ çè x 2 ÷ø ú = e2
x®¥ è x x2 ø x
ê ú
-2 -2 ë û
1 1
(27 + x ) 3 ´ (27) 3 é bù
3 3 1 lim 2 ê a + ú
L = lim -1
= -1
=- Þ e x®¥ ë xû
= e 2 Þ e2 a = e 2
x®0 2 -2 6
- (27 + x ) 3 ´ 27 3
3 3
Þ a = 1 and b Î R
1
45. (a) ln p = lim+ ln(1 + tan 2 x) 49. (c) Given that f (2) = 4 and f(2) = 4
x ®0 2x
xf (2) - 2 f ( x) æ 0 ö
We have, lim , ç ÷
x-2 è 0ø
( )
1 x®2
lim ln sec x
+ x Applying L-Hospital's rule, we get
x ®0
Applying L hospital's rule : = lim f (2) - 2 f ¢( x ) = f (2) - 2 f ¢(2)
x® 2
sec x tan x tan x 1 = 4 – 2 ´ 4 = –4.
= lim = lim =
x®0 + sec x × 2 x +
x ®0 2 x 2
50. (d) Q f (x) has extremum values at x = 1 and x = 2
(1 - cos 2 x ) 2 Q f ¢(1) = 0 and f ¢(2) = 0
46. (c) lim As, f (x) is a polynomial of degree 4.
x ®0 2 x tan x - x tan 2 x
Suppose f (x) = Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E
(2 sin 2 x ) 2 æ f ( x) ö
= lim
x® 0 æ 3 5 ö æ 23 x 3 25 x5 ö Q lim ç 2 + 1÷ = 3
2xç x +
x
+
2x
+ ..... ÷ - x ç 2 x + +2 + ..... ÷ x ®0 è x ø
ç 3 15 ÷ ç 3 15 ÷
è ø è ø
æ Ax 4 + Bx 3 + Cx 2 + Dx + E ö
4 Þ lim çç + 1 ÷÷ = 3
æ x x 3 ö 5 x ®0
è x 2
ø
4ç x - + - ..... ÷
ç 3! 5! ÷
= lim è ø æ D E ö
x ®0 4 æ 2 8 ö æ 4 64 ö Þ lim ç Ax 2 + Bx + C + + 2 + 1÷ = 3
x ç - ÷ + x6 ç - ÷ x ®0 è x x ø
è 3 5 ø è 15 15 ø As limit has finite value, so D = 0 and E = 0
æ x 2 x4 ö
4 Now A(0)2 + B(0) + C + 0 + 0 + 1 = 3
4 ç1 - + - ..... ÷ Þ c +1=3 Þc=2
ç 3! 5! ÷
= lim è ø f ¢(x) = 4Ax3 + 3Bx2 + 2Cx + D
x ®0 2 æ 60 ö f ¢(1) = 0 Þ 4A(1) + 3B(1) + 2C(1) + D = 0
- 2 + x ç - ÷ + .....
è 15 ø Þ 4A + 3B = – 4 ...(i)
(dividing numerator & denominator by x4) f ¢(2) = 0 Þ 4A(8) + 3B(4) + 2C(2) + D = 0
= –2 Þ 8A + 3B = –2 ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
2x
æ a 4 ö 1
47. (b) lim ç 1 + - 2 ÷ (1¥ form) A = and B = – 2
x ®¥ è x x ø 2
x4
é æ a 4 ö ù So, f (x) = – 2x3 + 2x2
= e ê lim ç 1 + - 2 - 1÷ 2 x ú 2
ë x ®¥ è x x ø û
(- 1) 4
Therefore, f (– 1) = – 2(– 1)3 + 2(– 1)2
æ 8ö 2
= e lim ç 2a - ÷ = e2a
x ®¥ è xø 1 9 9
= + 2 + 2 = . Hence f (– 1) =
\ 2a = 3 Þ a = 3/2 2 2 2

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é f (x) ù 1 4
51. (a) lim ê1 + 2 ú = 3 Þ f(x) = 2x2 – 2x3 + x
x ®0 ë x û 2
f (x) 1
Þ lim =2 f(2) = 2 × 4 – 2 × 8 + × 16 = 0
x ®0 x 2 2
52. (d) Given f (1) = – 2 and f ¢(x) ³ 4.2 for 1 £ x £ 6
So, f(x) contain terms in x2, x3 and x4.
f ( x + h) - f ( x )
Let f(x) = a1x2 + a2x3 + a3x4 Consider f ¢(x) =
h
f (x) Þ f (x + h) – f (x) = f ¢(x) . h ³ (4.2)h
Since lim = 2 Þ a1 = 2
x ®0 x 2 So, f (x + h) ³ f (x) + (4.2) h
put x = 1 and h = 5, we get

Hence, f(x) = 2x2 + a2x3 + a3x4
f (6) ³ f (1) + 5(4.2) Þ f (6) ³ 19
f ¢(x) = 4x + 3a2x2 + 4a3x3 Hence f (6) lies in [19, ¥)
53. (b) Let f (x) = 3x10 – 7x8 + 5x6 – 21x3 + 3x2 – 7
As given : f ¢ (1) = 0 adn f ¢(2) = 0
f ¢ (x) = 30x9 – 56x7 + 30x5 – 63x2 + 6x
Hence, 4 + 3a2 + 4a3 = 0 ...(i) f ¢ (1) = 30 – 56 + 30 – 63 + 6
= 66 – 63 – 56 = – 53
and 8 + 12a2 + 32a3 = 0 ...(ii)
By 4x(i) – (ii), we get f (1 – a ) – f (1)
Consider lim
a®0 a3 +3a
16 + 12a2 + 16a3 – (8 + 12a2 + 32a3) = 0
f ¢ (1– a )(–1)–0
Þ 8 – 16a3 = 0 Þ a3 = 1/2 = lim (By using L’hospital rule)
a®0 3a 2 +3
and by eqn. (i), 4 + 3a2 + 4/2 = 0 Þ a2 = –2 f ¢(1 – 0)(–1) – f ¢ (1) 53
= = =
3(0)2 + 3 3 3

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13
Mathematical
Reasoning
7. Which one of the following is a tautology?

Statement, Truth value of a statement,
Logical Connectives, Truth Table, [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
TOPIC Ć Logical Equivalance, Tautology &
Contradiction, Duality (a) (p Ù (p ® q)) ® q (b) q ® (p Ù (p ® q))
(c) p Ù (p Ú q) (d) p Ú (p Ù q)
1. The negation of the Boolean expression p Ú (: p Ù q) is
8. Which of the following statements is a tautology?
equivalent to : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
(a) p Ù : q (b) : p Ù : q [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
(c) : p Ú : q (d) : p Ú q (a) p Ú (~q) ® p Ù q (b) ~(p Ù ~ q) ® p Ú q
2. The negation of the Boolean expression x «: y is (c) ~(p Ú ~ q) ® p Ù q (d) ~(p Ú ~ q) ® p Ú q
equivalent to: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] 9. The logical statement
(a) ( x Ù y ) Ú ( : x Ù : y ) (b) ( x Ù y ) Ù ( : x Ú : y )
( p Þ q ) ^ ( q Þ : p ) is equivalent to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(c) ( x Ù : y ) Ú ( : x Ù y ) (d) ( : x Ù y ) Ú ( : x Ù : y )
(a) p (b) q (c) ~p (d) ~q
3. Given the following two statements :
10. If the truth value of the statement p ® (~q Ú r) is false (F),
( S1 ) : (q Ú p) ® ( p « ~ q) is a tautology..
then the truth values of the statements p, q, r are
( S2 ) : ~ q Ù (~ p « q) is a fallacy. Then : respectively. [April 12, 2019 (I)]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] (a) T, T, F (b) T, F, F (c) T, F, T (d ) F, T, T
(a) both (S1) and (S2) are correct 11. The Boolean expression ~ ( p Þ (: q)) is equivalent to :
(b) only (S1) is correct
(c) only (S2) is correct [April 12, 2019 (II)]
(d) both (S1) and (S2) are not correct (a) p Ù q (b) q Þ: p (c) p Ú q (d) (: p) Þ q
4. The proposition p ®~ ( p Ù ~ q) is equivalent to : 12. Which one of the following Boolean expressions is a
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] tautology ? [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) q (b) (~ p ) Ú q (a) (p Ù q) Ú (p Ù ~ q) (b) (p Ú q) Ú (p Ú ~ q)
(c) (p Ú q) Ù (p Ú ~ q) (d) (p Ú q) Ù (~p Ú ~ q)
(c) (~ p ) Ù q (d) (~ p) Ú (~ q)
13. If p Þ(q Ú r) is false, then the truth values of p, q, r are
5. Let p, q, r be three statements such that the truth value of
respectively: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
( p Ù q) ® (~ q Ú r ) is F. Then the truth values of p, q, r
(a) F, T, T (b) T, F, F (c) T, T, F (d) F, F, F
are respectively : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
14. Which one of the following statements is not a tautology?
(a) T, F, T (b) T, T, T (c) F, T, F (d) T, T, F
[April 08, 2019 (II)]
6. If p ® (p Ù ~q) is false, then the truth values of p and q are
(a) (p Ú q) ® (p Ú (~ q)) (b) (p Ù q) ® (~ p) Ú q
respectively: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(c) p ® (p Ú q) (d) (p Ù q) ® p
(a) F, F (b) T, F (c) T, T (d) F, T

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M-220 Mathematics
15 . The Boolean expression 25. The following statement

(p ® q) ® [(~p ® q) ® q] is : [2017]
( ( p Ù q ) Ú ( p Ú : q ) ) Ù ( : p Ù : q ) is equivalent to : (a) a fallacy (b) a tautology
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] (c) equivalent to ~ p ® q (d) equivalent to p ® ~q
(a) p Ù q (b) p Ù ( : q ) 26. The proposition (~p) Ú (p Ù ~ q)
(c ) ( : p ) Ù ( : q ) (d) p Ú ( : q )
(a) p ® ~ q (b) p Ù ( ~ q )
16. The expression : ( : p ® q) is logically equivalent to :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] (c) q ® p (d) p Ú ( ~ q )
(a) : p Ù : q (b) p Ù : q
27. The Boolean Expression (p Ù : q) Ú qÚ (: p Ù q) is
(c) : p Ù q (d) p Ù q equivalent to: [2016]
(a) p Ú q (b) p Ú : q (c) : p Ù q (d) p Ù q
17. If q is false and p ^ q « r is true, then which one of the

following statements is a tautology? [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
28. The negation of ~ s Ú (~ r Ù s) is equivalent to : [2015]
(a) ( p Ú r) ® (p Ù r) (b) ( p Ù r) ® (p Ú r) (a) s Ú (r Ú ~ s) (b) s Ù r
(c) p Ù r (d) p Ú r
(c) s Ù ~ r (d) s Ù (r Ù ~ s)
18. Consider the following three statements:
P : 5 is a prime number. 29. The statement : ( p « : q ) is: [2014]
Q : 7 is a factor of 192.
R : L.C.M. of 5 and 7 is 35. (a) a tautology
Then the truth value of which one of the following (b) a fallacy
statements is true? [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] (c) eqivalent to p « q
(a) (~ P) Ú (Q Ù R) (b) (P Ù Q) Ú (~ R)
(d) equivalent to : p « q
(c) (~ P) Ù (~ Q Ù R) (d) P Ú (~ Q Ù R)
30. Let p, q, r denote arbitrary statements. Then the logically
19. If the Boolean expression (p Å q) Ù ( : p e q ) is
equivalent of the statement p Þ ( q Ú r ) is:
equivalent to p Ù q , where Å, e Î {Ù , Ú} then the
ordered pair ( Å, e ) is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)] (a) ( p Ú q) Þ r (b) ( p Þ q) Ú ( p Þ r )
(a) ( Ú , Ù) (b) (Ú , Ú) (c) ( Ù , Ú) (d) ( Ù , Ù) (c) ( p Þ~ q ) Ù ( p Þ r ) (d) ( p Þ q) Ù ( p Þ ~ r)
20. The logical statement
[~ (~ p Ú q) Ú (p Ù r)] Ù (~ p Ù r) 31. The proposition : ( p Ú : q ) Ú : ( p Ú q ) is logically
is equivalent to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] equivalent to: [Online April 11, 2014]
(a) (~ p Ù ~ q) Ù r (b) ~ p Ú r (a) p (b) q (c) : p (d) : q
(c) (p Ù r) Ù ~ q (d) (p Ù ~ q) Ú r 32. Consider
21. The Boolean expression Statement-1 : (p ^ ~ q) ^ (~ p ^ q) is a fallacy.
~ (pÚ q) Ú (~ p Ù q) is equivalent to : [2018] Statement-2 : (p ® q) « (~ q ® ~ p) is a tautology.
[2013]
(a) p (b) q (c) ~q (d) ~p
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true;
22. If p ® (~ p Ú ~ q) is false, then the truth values of p and q
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
are respectively. [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) T, F (b) F, F (c) F, T (d) T, T is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
23. If (pÙ ~ q) Ù (p Ù r) ® ~ p Ú q is false, then the truth values (c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
of p, q and r are respectively [Online April 15, 2018] (d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(a) F, T, F (b) T, F, T (c) F, F, F (d) T, T, T 33. Let p and q be any two logical statements and
24. Which of the following is a tautology? [2017] r : p ® (: p Ú q) . If r has a truth value F, then the truth
(a) (~ p) Ù (p Ú q) ® q (b) (q ® p)Ú ~ (p ® q) values of p and q are respectively :
(c) (~ q) Ú (p Ù q) ® q (d) (p ® q) Ù (q ® p)
(a) F, F (b) T, T (c) T, F (d) F, T

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Mathematical Reasoning M-221
34. For integers m and n, both greater than 1, consider the 42. Let p be the statement “x is an irrational number”, q be the
following three statements : statement “y is a transcendental number”, and r be the
P : m divides n statement “ x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental
Q : m divides n2 number”. [2008]
R : m is prime, Statement-1 : r is equivalent to either q or p
then [Online April 23, 2013] Statement-2 : r is equivalent to ~(p«~q).
(a) Q Ù R ® P (b) P Ù Q ® R (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
(c) Q ® R (d) Q ® P is a correct explanation for Statement-1
35. The statement p ® (q ® p) is equivalent to : (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
[Online April 22, 2013] is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) p ® q (b) p ® ( p Ú q) (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(c) p ® ( p ® q) (d) p ® ( p Ù q) Converse, Inverse & Contrapositive

of the Conditional Statement,
36. Statement-1: The statement A ® ( B ® A) is equivalent TOPIC n Negative of a Compound Statement,
to A ® ( A Ú B ) . Algebra of Statement
Statement-2: The statement ~ [(A Ù B) ® (~ A Ú B)] is a 43. Consider the statement: “For an integer n, if n3 – 1 is even,
Tautology. [Online April 9, 2013]
then n is odd.” The contrapositive statement of this state-
(a) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
ment is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement- 2 is
not correct explanation for Statement-1. (a) For an integer n, if n is even, then n 3 – 1 is odd.
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. (b) For an intetger n, if n3 – 1 is not even, then n is not
odd.
(d) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement- 2 is
the correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) For an integer n, if n is even, then n 3 – 1 is even.
37. Let p and q be two Statements. Amongst the following, (d) For an integer n, if n is odd, then n 3 – 1 is even.
the Statement that is equivalent to p ® q is 44. The statement ( p ® (q ® p)) ® ( p ® ( p Ú q)) is :
[Online May 19, 2012] [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(a) pÙ ~ q (b) ~ p Ú q (c) ~ p Ù q (d) pÚ ~ q
(a) equivalent to ( p Ù q) Ú (~ q)
38. The logically equivalent preposition of p Û q is
(b) a contradiction
(c) equivalent to ( p Ú q) Ù (~ p)
(a) ( p Þ q) Ù ( q Þ p) (b) p Ù q (d) a tautology
(c) ( p Ù q) Ú ( q Þ p) (d) ( p Ù q) Þ ( q Ú p) 45. Contrapositive of the statement :
'If a function f is differentiable at a, then it is also
39. The only statement among the following that is a tautology continuous at a', is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
is [2011RS]
(a) If a function f is continuous at a, then it is not
(a) A Ù (A Ú B) (b) A Ú (A Ù B) differentiable at a.
(c) [A Ù (A ® B)] ® B (d) B ® [A Ù (A ® B)] (b) If a function f is not continuous at a, then it is not
differentiable at a.
40. Statement-1 : ~ ( p «~ q) is equivalent to p « q . (c) If a function f is not continuous at a, then it is
Statement-2 : ~ ( p «~ q) is a tantology [2009] differentiable at a
(d) If a function f is continuous at a, then it is differentiable
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; at a.
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1. 46. The contrapositive of the statement "If I reach the station
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. in time, then I will catch the train" is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. (a) If I do not reach the station in time, then I will catch
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, the train.
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement -1 (b) If I do not reach the station in time, then I will not
catch the train.
41. The statement p ® (q®p) is equivalent to [2008]
(c) If I will catch the train, then I reach the station in time.
(a) p ® (p® q) (b) p ® (p Ú q)
(d) If I will not catch the train, then I do not reach the
(c) p ® (p Ù q) (d) p ® (p «q) station in time.

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47. Negation of the statement: 53. Consider the following two statements.
Statement p:
5 is an integer of 5 is irrational is: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] The value of sin 120 can be divided by taking q = 240 in
(a) 5 is not an integer or 5 is not irrational q
the equation 2 sin = 1 + sin q - 1 - sin q.
(b) 5 is not an integer and 5 is not irrational 2
Statement q:
(c) 5 is irrational or 5 is an integer.. The angles A, B, C and D of any quadrilateral ABCD satisfy
(d) 5 is an integer and 5 is irrational æ1 ö æ1 ö
the equation cos ç ( A + C ) ÷ + cos ç ( B + D) ÷ = 0
48. Let A, B, C and D be four non-empty sets. The è2 ø è2 ø
contrapositive statement of “If A Í B and B Í D, then Then the truth values of p and q are respectively.
A Í C ” is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] (a) F, T (b) T, T (c) F, F (d) T, F

(a) If A Í C, then A Í B and B Í D 54. Contrapositive of the statement
‘If two numbers are not equal, then their squares are not
(b) If A Í C, then B Ì A or D Ì B equal’, is : [Online April 9, 2017]
(c) If A Í C, then A Í B and B Í D (a) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
numbers are equal.
(d) If A Í C, then A Í B or B Í D (b) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
numbers are not equal.
49. The negation of the Boolean expression ~ s Ú (~ r Ù s) is
(c) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
equivalent to : [April 10, 2019 (II)] numbers are not equal.
(a) ~ s Ù ~ r (b) r (d) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
(c) s Ú r (d) s Ù r numbers are equal.
55. The contrapositive of the following statement,
50. For any two statements p and q, the negation of the "If the side of a square doubles, then its area increases
expression p Ú (~ p Ù q) is: [April 9, 2019 (I)] four times", is : [Online April 10, 2016]
(a) ~ p Ù ~ q (b) p Ù q (a) If the area of a square increases four times, then its
side is not doubled.
(c) p « q (d) ~ p Ú ~ q
(b) If the area of a square increases four times, then its
51. The contrapositive of the statement "If you are born in side is doubled.
India, then you are a citien of India", is : (c) If the area of a square does not increases four times,
[April 8, 2019 (I)] then its side is not doubled.
(a) If you are not a citien of India, then you are not born (d) If the side of a square is not doubled, then its area
does not increase four times.
in India.
56. Consider the following two statements :
(b) If you are a citien of India, then you are born in
P : If 7 is an odd number, then 7 is divisible by 2.
India. Q : If 7 is a prime number, then 7 is an odd number.
(c) If you are born in India, then you are not a citien of If V1 is the truth value of the contrapositive of P and V 2 is
India. the truth value of contrapositive of Q, then the ordered
(d) If you are not born in India, then you are not a citien pair (V1, V2) equals: [Online April 9, 2016]
of India. (a) (F, F) (b) (F, T) (c) (T, F) (d) (T, T)
52. Contrapositive of the statement “If two numbers are not 57. Consider the following statements :
equal, then their squares are not equal”. is : P : Suman is brilliant
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] Q : Suman is rich.
(a) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the R : Suman is honest
numbers are equal. the negation of the statement
(b) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the “Suman is brilliant and dishonest if and only if suman is
numbers are not equal. rich” can be equivalently expressed as :
(c) If the squares of two numbers are equal, then the
(a) ~ Q « ~ P Ú R (b) ~ Q « ~ P Ù R
numbers are equal.
(c) ~ Q « P Ú ~ R (d) ~ Q « P Ù ~ R
(d) If the squares of two numbers are not equal, then the
numbers are not equal.

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58. The contrapositive of the statement “If it is raining, then 62. Let p and q denote the following statements
I will not come”, is : [Online April 10, 2015] p : The sun is shining
(a) If I will not come, then it is raining. q: I shall play tennis in the afternoon
(b) If I will not come, then it is not raining. The negation of the statement “If the sun is shining then I
(c) If I will come, then it is raining. shall play tennis in the afternoon”, is
(d) If I will come, then it is not raining. [Online May 26, 2012]
59. The contrapositive of the statement “if I am not feeling (a) q Þ: p (b) qÙ : p
well, then I will go to the doctor” is (c) p Ù : q (d) : q Þ: p
[Online April 19, 2014] 63. The Statement that is TRUE among the following is
(a) If I am feeling well, then I will not go to the doctor [Online May 7, 2012]
(b) If I will go to the doctor, then I am feeling well (a) The contrapositive of 3x + 2 = 8 Þ x = 2 is x ¹ 2
(c) If I will not go to the doctor, then I am feeling well Þ 3x + 2 ¹ 8.
(b) The converse of tanx = 0 Þ x = 0 is x ¹ 0 Þ tan x = 0.
(d) If I will go to the doctor, then I am not feeling well.

60. The contrapositive of the statement “I go to school if it (c) p Þ q is equivalent to pÚ : q .
does not rain” is [Online April 9, 2014] (d) p Ú q and p Ù q have the same truth table.
(a) If it rains, I do not go to school. 64. Let S be a non-empty subset of R. Consider the following
(b) If I do not go to school, it rains. statement :
(c) If it rains, I go to school. P : There is a rational number x Î S such that
(d) If I go to school, it rains. x > 0.
61. The negation of the statement Which of the following statements is the negation of the
"If I become a teacher, then I will open a school", is : statement P ? [2010]
[2012]
(a) There is no rational number x Î S such than x < 0.
(a) I will become a teacher and I will not open a school.
(b) Either I will not become a teacher or I will not open a (b) Every rational number x Î S satisfies x < 0.
school. (c) x Î S and x < 0 Þ x is not rational.
(c) Neither I will become a teacher nor I will open a school. (d) There is a rational number x Î S such that x < 0.
(d) I will not become a teacher or I will open a school.

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M-224 Mathematics
1. (b) Negation of given statement = ~ ( p Ú (~ p Ù q)) 4. (b)

p q ~q p^ ~ q ~p p ® ~ (p^ ~ q) ~ p q
= ~ p Ù ~ (~ p Ù q) = ~ p Ù ( p Ú ~ q)
= (~ p Ù q) Ú (~ p Ù ~ q) T T F F F T T
= F Ú (~ pÙ ~ q) = ~ p Ù ~ q T F T T F F F
2. (a) p : x « ~ y = ( x ®~ y ) Ù (~ y ® x ) F T F F T T T
= (~ x Ú ~ y ) Ù ( y Ú x ) F F T F T T T
=~ ( x Ù y ) Ù ( x Ú y ) (Q~ ( x Ù y ) = ~ xÚ ~ y) \ p ®~ ( p Ù ~ q) is equivalent to ~ p Ú q
Negation of p is
5. (d) ( p Ù q) ® (~ q Ú r )
~ p = ( x Ù y )Ú ~ ( x Ú y ) = ( x Ù y ) Ú (~ x Ù ~ y )
3. (d) The truth table of both the statements is = ~ ( p Ù q ) Ú (~ q Ú r )
= (~ p Ú ~ q ) Ú (~ q Ú r )
p q ~p ~q q Ú p p« ~q (S 1 ) ~p« q (S 2 )
= (~ p Ú ~ q Ú r )
T T F F T F F F F
Q (~ pÚ ~ q Ú r ) is false, then ~p, ~q and r all these must
T F F T T T T T T be false.
F T T F T T T T F Þ p is true, q is true and r is false.
6. (c)
F F T T F F T F F p q ~q p Ù ~q p ® (p Ù ~ q)
T T F F F
\ S1 is not tautology and
T F T T T
S2 is not fallacy.
F T F F T
Hence, both the statements (S1) and (S2) are not correct.
F F T F T
7. (a)
p q p®q p Ù ( p ® q ) ( p Ù ( p ® q )) ® q q ® p Ù ( p ® q ) pÙq p Ú ( p Ù q) pÚq p Ù ( p Ú q)

T T T T T T T T T T
T F F F T T F T T T
F T T F T F F F T F
F F T F T T F F F F
8. (d) (~ p Ù q) ® (p Ú q) 10. (a) Given statement p ® (~ q Ú r) is False.
Þ ~ {(~ p Ù q) Ù (~ p Ù ~ q)} Þ p is True and ~ q Ú r is False
Þ ~ {~ p Ù f } Þ p is True and ~ q is False and r is False
9. (c)
\ truth values of p, q r are T, T, F respectively.
p q p Þ q ~ p q Þ ~ p ( p Þ q) Ù ( p Þ ~ q) 11. (a) Given Boolean expression is,
T T T F F F ~ (p Þ (~ q)) {Q p Þ q is same as ~ p Ú q}
T F F F T F º ~ ((~ p) Ú (~ q)) º p Ù q
F T T T T T 12. (b) (p Ú q) Ú (pÚ ~ q) = p Ú (q Ú p)Ú ~ q
F F T T T T = (p Ú p) Ú (qÚ ~ q) = p Ú T = T
Clearly (p Þ q) Ù (q Þ ~p) is equivalent to ~p Hence first statement is tautology.

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13. (b) For p Þ q Ú r to be F. It can either be true or false

r should be F and p Þ q should be F Option (d): (p Ù r),
for p Þ q to be F, p Þ T and q Þ F Since, r is false
p, q, r º T, F, F Hence, (p Ù r) is false.
14. (a) By truth table : 18. (d) P is True, Q is False and R is True
p q ~q pv ~ q ~ p pÙ ~ q pvq p ® pvq p Ù q ( p Ù q ) ® p ~ pvq (a) (~ P) Ú (Q Ù R) º F Ú (F Ù T) º F Ú F = F
T T F T F F T T T T T
(b) (P Ù Q) Ú (~R) º (T Ù F) Ú (F) º F Ú F = F
T F T T F T T T F T F
F T F F T F T T F T T (c) (~ P) Ù (~ Q Ù R) º F Ù (T Ù T) º F Ù T = F
F F T T T F F T F T T (d) P Ú (~Q Ù R) º T Ú (T Ù T) º T Ú T = T
( p Ù q ) ® (~ p) Ú q (p Ú q) ® (p Ú (~ q)) 19. (c) Check each option
T T
(a) (p Ú q) Ù (~p Ù q) = (~p Ù q)
T T
T F (b) (p Ú q) Ù (~p Ú q) = q
T T (c) (p Ù q) Ù (~p Ú q) = p Ù q
15. (c) Consider the Boolean expression (d) (p Ù q) Ù (~p Ù q) = F
((p Ù q) Ú (pv ~ q)) Ù (~ pÙ ~ q) 20. (c) Logical statement,
= (pÚ ~ q) Ù (~ pÙ ~ q) = [~ (~ p Ú q) Ú (p Ù r)] Ù (~ q Ù r)
= ((pÚ ~ q)Ù ~ p) Ù ((pÚ ~ q)Ù ~ q) = [(p Ù ~ q) Ú (p Ù r)] Ù (~ q Ù r)
= ((pÙ ~ p) Ú (~ qÙ ~ p))Ù ~ q = [(p Ù ~ q) Ù (~ q Ù r)] Ú [(p Ù r) Ù (~ q Ù r)]
= (~ pÙ ~q)Ù ~ q = (~ pÙ ~q) = [p Ù ~ q Ù r] Ú [p Ù r Ù ~ q]
16. (a) ~ (~ p ® Q) º ~ (p Ú q) º ~ p Ù ~ q = (p Ù ~ q ) Ù r
17. (b) q is false and [(p Ù q) « r] is true = (p Ù r) Ù ~ q
As (p Ù q) is false 21. (d) : (pÚ q) Ú (: p Ù q)
[False « r] is true
Þ ( : p Ù : q) Ú (: p Ù q)
Hence r is false
Þ : pÙ (: q Ú q)
Option (a): says p Ú r,
Since r is false Þ : pÙ t º : p
Hence (p Ú r) can either be true or false 22. (d)
p q ~p ~q ~pÚ~q p ® (~ p Ú ~ q)
Option (b): says (p Ù r) ® (p Ú r)
T T F F F F
(p Ù r) is false
T F F T T T
Since, F ® T is true and
F T T F T T
F ® F is also true
F F T T T T
Hence, it is a tautology
From the truth table,
Option (c): (p Ú r) ® (p Ù r)
p ® (~ p Ú ~ q) is false only when p and q both are true.
i.e. (p Ú r) ® F
23. (b) As the truth table for the (pÙ ~ q) Ù (p Ù r) ® ~ p Ú q is false, then only possible values of (p, q, r) is (T, F, T)
p q r ~q p Ù ~q pÙ r ~p ~p Ú q (p Ù ~q) Ù (p Ù r) (p Ù ~q) Ù (p Ù r) ® ~p Ú q
T T T F F T F T F T
T F T T T T F F T F
T T F F F F F T F T
F T T F F F T T F T
F F T T F F T T F T
F T F F F F T T F T
T F F T T F F F F T
F F F T F F T T F T

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M-226 Mathematics
24. (a) Truth table 30. (b) Given statement is

p q ~p p (~p) ^ (p q) (~p) ^ (p q) ® q p Þ (q Ú r ) which is equivalent to
( p Þ q) Ú ( p Þ r )
T T F T F T
31. (c) Given ~ ( p Ú ~ q)Ú ~ ( p Ú q)
T F F T F T
º (~ p Ú q) Ú (~ pÚ ~ q )
F T T T T T º ~ p Ú (qÚ ~ q)
º~ p
F F T F F T
32. (b) Statement-2 : (p ® q) « (~q ® ~p)
\ (a) ~ p Ù (p Ú q) ® q be a tautology º (p ® q) « (p ® q)
Other options are not tautology. which is always true.
25. (b) We have So, statement 2 is true

Statement-1: (p ^ ~q) ^ (~p ^ q)
p q ~ p p ® q ~ p ® q (~ p ® q) ® q (p ® q) ® ((~p ®q)® q)
T F F F T F T
= p ^ ~q ^ ~p ^ q
T T F T T T T = p ^ ~p ^ ~q ^ q
F F T T F T T = f^f=f
F T T T T T T So statement-1 is true
\ It is tautology. 33. (c) p ® (~ p Ú q) has truth value F.
26. (b) (~p) Ú (p Ù ~ q) It means p ® (~ p Ú q) is false.
It means p is true and ~ p Ú q is false.
p q ~ p ~ q pÙ ~ q ( ~ p ) Ú (p Ù ~ q )
Þ p is true and both ~ p and q are false.
T T F F F F
T F F T T T Þ p is true and q is false.
F T T F F F 34. (a)
F F T T F F 8 64
(b) = 2, = 16 ; but 4 is not prime.
27. (a) (pÙ : q) Ú q Ú (: p Ù q) 4 4
Þ {(p Ú q) Ù (: q Ú q)} Ú (: p Ù q) Hence P Ù Q ® R, false
Þ {(p Ú q) Ù T} Ú (: p Ù q)
(6)2 36
Þ (p Ú q) Ú (: p Ù q) (c) = = 3 ; but 12 is not prime
12 12
Þ {(p Ú q) Ú : p} Ù (p Ú q Ú q)
Hence Q ® R, false
Þ T Ù (p Ú q)
Þ pÚq (4) 2 16 4
28. (b) :[:sÚ(:r Ù s)] (d) = = 2 ; is not an integer
8 8 8
= sÙ:(:r Ù s)
Hence Q ® P, false
= sÙ(r Ú:s)
35. (b)
= (s Ù r) Ú (s Ù: s)
= (s Ù r) Ú f q p q® p p ® (q ® p) pÚq p ® ( p Ú q)
=sÙr T T T T T T
29. (c) (i) (ii) T F F T T T
p q ~q p « ~ q ~ ( p « ~ q) p«q F T T T T T
F F T F T T F F T T F T
F T F T F F
Since truth value of p ® (q ® p) and
T F T T F F
p ® (p Ú q) are same, hence p ® (q ® p) is equivalent
T T F F T T
to p ® (p Ú q).
From column (i) and (ii) are equivalent.
Clearly equivalent to p « q

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36. (c) ( A Ù B) ® ~ [( A Ù B) ®
37. (b) Let p and q be two statements.
A B ~ A AÙB ~AÚB p ® q is equivalent to : p Ú q .
(~ A Ú B) (~ A Ú B )]
T T F T T T F
T F F F F T F 38. (a) ( p Þ q ) Ù ( q Þ p) means pÛq
F T T F T T F
F F T F T T F
39. (c) Truth table of all options is as follows.

A B A Ú B A Ù B A Ù (A Ú B) A Ú (A Ù B) A ® B A Ù (A ® B) [A Ù (A ® B) ®B] [B ® [A Ù (A ®B)]
T F T F T T F F T T
F T T F F F T F T F
T T T T T T T T T T
F F F F F F T F T T
\ It is tautology.
40. (b) The truth table for the logical statements, involved in 43. (a) Contrapositive statement will be
statement 1, is as follows : "For an integer n, if n is not odd then n3 – 1 is not even".
(i) (ii) or
p q :q p «: q : ( p « : q ) p«q "For an integer n, if n is even then n3 – 1 is odd".
T T F F T T 44. (d) The truth table of ( p ® (q ® p)) ® ( p ® ( p Ú q))
T F T T F F is
F T F T F F
(p® (q® p))
F F T F T T p q pÚ q p® (pÚ q) q® p p® (q® p)
® (p® (pÚ q))
We observe the columns (i) and (ii) are identical, therefore
~(p « ~q) is equivalent to p « q T T O T T T T
But ~ (p « ~q) is not a tautology as all entries in its column T F T T T T T

are not T. F T T T F T T
\ Statement-1 is true but statement-2 is false.
41. (b) The truth table for the given statements, as follows : F F F T T T T
p q pÚ q q® p p ® (q® p) p ® (pÚ q) Hence, the statement is tautology.
T T T T T T
T F T T T T
45. (b) Contrapositive statement will be "If a function is not
F T T F T T continuous at 'a', then it is not differentiable at 'a'.
F F F T T T 46. (d) Contrapositive of p ® q is ~ q ® ~ p
From table we observe that
i.e. contrapositive of 'if p then q' is 'if not q then not p'.
p ® (q®p) is equivalent to p®(pÚq)
42. (None) 47. (b) Let p and q the statements such that p = 5 is an
Given that
p : x is an irrational number integer q = 5 is an irrational number.
q : y is a transcendental number Then, negation of the given statement
r : x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental number.
5 is not an integer and 5 is not an irrational Number
clearly r : : p « q
Truth table to check the equivalence of ‘r’ and ‘q or p’; ‘r’ ~ (p Ú q) = ~ p Ù ~ q
and : ( p «: q) 48. (d) Let P = A Í B, Q = B Í D, R = A Í C
(i) (ii) (iii) Contrapositive of (P Ù Q) ® R is ~ R ® ~ (P Ù Q)
p q ~p ~ q ~p « q q or p p« ~ q ~ (p« ~ q) ~R®~ PÚ~Q
T T F F F T F T
49. (d) ~ s Ú (~ r Ù s) º (~ s Ú ~ r) Ù (~ s Ú s)
T F F T T T T F
F T T F T T T F º (~ s Ú ~ r) (Q ~ s Ú s) is tautology)
F F T T F F F T º ~ (s Ù r)
From columns (i), (ii) and (iii), we observe, that none of the Hence, its negation is s Ù r.
these statements are equivalent to each other.
\ Statement 1as well as statement 2 both are false.
\ None of the options is correct.

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50. (d) ~ (p Ú (~p Ù q)) = ~ (~p Ù q) Ù ~p Contra positive Q :

= (~q Ú p) Ù ~p T is not odd number Þ T is not a prime number
= ~p Ù (p Ú ~q) F Þ F : T (V2)
= (~q Ù ~p) Ú (p Ù ~p) 57. (d) Suman is brilliant and dishonest can be expressed as
= (~p Ù ~q) PÙ ~ R
51. (a) S: ‘’If you are born in India, then you are a citien of therefore given statement is equal to ( PÙ ~ R ) « Q
India.’’ Negation of the above statement is ~ Q « PÙ ~ R
Contrapositive of p ® q is ~ q ® ~ p 58. (d) The centre positive of the statement is “If i will come,
So contrapositive of statement S will be : then it is not raining”.
‘’If you are not a citien of India, then you are not born in 59. (c) Given statement can be written in implication form as
India.’’ I am not feeling well Þ I will go to the doctor.
52. (c) Contrapositive of “If A then B” is “If ~B then ~A”. Contrapositive form :
Hence contrapositive of “If two numbers are not equal, I will not go to the doctor Þ I am feeling well.
then their squares are not equal” is “If squares of two i.e. If I will not go to the doctor, then I am feeling well.
numbers are equal, then the two numbers are equal”. 60. (b) let p = If it does not rain
53. (a) Statement p: q = I go to school
According to law of contrapositive
sin 120 = cos 30 =
3
Þ 2 sin 120° = 3 p Þ q º ~q Þ ~ p
2 i.e. ~q = I do not go to school
So, 1 + sin 240° - 1 - sin 240° ~p = It rains
~q Þ ~p is If I do not go to school, it rains.
1- 3 1+ 3
= - ¹ 3 61. (a) Let p : I become a teacher.
2 2
Statement q: q : I will open a school
Negation of p ® q is ~ (p ® q) = p ^ ~q
A+C B+ D
So, A + B + C + D = 2p Þ + =p i.e. I will become a teacher and I will not open a school.
2 2
62. (c) Let p : The sun is shining.
æ A+Cö æB+Dö
Þ cos ç ÷ + cos ç 2 ÷ q : I shall play tennis in the afternoon.
è 2 ø è ø
Negation of p ® q is : ( p ® q ) = p Ù : q
æ A+Cö æ A+Cö
= cos ç ÷ - cos ç ÷=0 63. (a) Only statement given in option
è 2 ø è 2 ø
(a) is true.
Therefore, statement p is false and statement q is true.
54. (a) p ® q (b) The converse of tanx = 0 Þ x = 0 is
then ~ q ® ~ p x = 0 Þ tan x = 0
\ If the square of two numbers are equal, then the \ Statement (b) is false
numbers are equal. (c) : ( p Þ q) is equivalent to pÙ: q
55. (c) Contrapositive of p ® q is given by ~ q ® ~ p \ Statement given in option (c) is false.
So (c) is the right option. (d) No, p Ú q and p Ù q does not have the same truth
56. (a) Contrapositive of P : value.
T is not divisible by 2 Þ T is not odd number 64. (b) Given that P : there is a rational number x Î S such
that x > 0 .
T Þ F : F (V1)
~ P : Every rational number x Î S satisfies x £ 0 .

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Statistics M-229
14
Statistics
7. The mean of the data set comprising of 16 observations is

Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean, 16. If one of the observation valued 16 is deleted and three
TOPIC Ć Harmonic Mean, Median & Mode new observations valued 3, 4 and 5 are added to the data,
then the mean of the resultant data, is: [2015]
1. Consider the data on x taking the values 0, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2n with
frequencies nC0, nC1, nC2, ..., nCn respectively. If the mean of (a) 15.8 (b) 14.0 (c) 16.8 (d) 16.0
8. Let the sum of the first three terms of an A. P, be 39 and the
this data is 728 , then n is equal to ______. sum of its last four terms be 178. If the first term of this
2n A.P. is 10, then the median of the A.P. is :
[NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] [Online April 10, 2015]
2. The minimum value of 2sin x + 2cos x is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (a) 28 (b) 26.5 (c) 29.5 (d) 31
9. A factory is operating in two shifts, day and night, with 70
1 1
-1+ 1- and 30 workers respectively. If per day mean wage of the
(a) 2 (b) 2 -1+ 2 (c) 21- 2
2 (d) 2 2
day shift workers is ` 54 and per day mean wage of all the
3. If for some x Î R, the frequency distribution of the marks workers is ` 60, then per day mean wage of the night shift
obtained by 20 students in a test is : workers (in `) is : [Online April 10, 2015]
Marks 2 3 5 7 (a) 69 (b) 66 (c) 74 (d) 75
Frequency (x+1)2 2x – 5 x2 – 3x x 10. In a set of 2n distinct observations, each of the
observations below the median of all the observations is
then the mean of the marks is : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
increased by 5 and each of the remaining observations is
(a) 3.2 (b) 3.0 (c) 2.5 (d) 2.8 decreased by 3. Then the mean of the new set of
4. The mean and the median of the following ten numbers in observations: [Online April 9, 2014]
increasing order 10, 22, 26, 29, 34, x, 42, 67, 70, y are 42 and (a) increases by 1 (b) decreases by 1
y (c) decreases by 2 (d) increases by 2
35 respectively, then is equal to: [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
x
11. If the median and the range of four numbers
(a) 9/4 (b) 7/2 (c) 8/3 (d) 7/3 {x, y, 2x + y, x – y}, where 0 < y < x < 2y, are 10
5. The mean of a set of 30 observations is 75. If each other and 28 respectively, then the mean of the numbers is :
observation is multiplied by a non-ero number l and then [Online April 23, 2013]
each of them is decreased by 25, their mean remains the
(a) 18 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 14
same. The l is equal to [Online April 15, 2018]
12. The mean of a data set consisting of 20 observations is 40.
10 4 1 2 If one observation 53 was wrongly recorded as 33, then
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3 the correct mean will be : [Online April 9, 2013]
6. The mean age of 25 teachers in a school is 40 years. A (a) 41 (b) 49 (c) 40.5 (d) 42.5
teacher retires at the age of 60 years and a new teacher is 13. The median of 100 observations grouped in classes of
appointed in his place. If now the mean age of the teachers equal width is 25. If the median class interval is 20 - 30 and
in this school is 39 years, then the age (in years) of the the number of observations less than 20 is 45, then the
newly appointed teacher is : [Online April 8, 2017] frequency of median class is [Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 25 (b) 30 (c) 35 (d) 40 (a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 15 (d) 12

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M-230 Mathematics
14. The frequency distribution of daily working expenditure 21. The mean and variance of 7 observations are 8 and 16,
of families in a locality is as follows: respectively. If five observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14, then
Expenditure 0-50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250 the absolute difference of the remaining two observations
in `. (x ): is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
No. of 24 33 37 b 25 (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
families (f ): 22. If the mean and the standard deviation of the data 3, 5, 7, a,
b are 5 and 2 respectively, then a and b are the roots of the
If the mode of the distribution is ` 140, then the value of b equation : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
is [Online May 7, 2012]
(a) 34 (b) 31 (c) 26 (d) 36 (a) x 2 - 10 x + 18 = 0 (b) 2 x 2 - 20 x + 19 = 0
15. The average marks of boys in class is 52 and that of girls is (c) x 2 - 10 x + 19 = 0 (d) x 2 - 20 x + 18 = 0
42. The average marks of boys and girls combined is 50. 23. The mean and variance of 8 observations are 10 and 13.5,
The percentage of boys in the class is [2007] respectively. If 6 of these observations are 5, 7, 10, 12, 14,
(a) 80 (b) 60 (c) 40 (d) 20 15, then the absolute difference of the remaining two
observations is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
16. Let x1 , x 2 , .............. xn be n observations such that (a) 9 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 7
å xi2 = 400 and å xi = 80. Then the possible value of n 24. If a variance of the following frequency distribution :
among the following is [2005] Class 10-20 20-30 30-40
(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 9 (d) 12 Frequency 2 x 2
17. If in a frequency distribution, the mean and median are 21 is 50, then x is equal to _____________.
and 22 respectively, then its mode is approximately [2005] [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
(a) 22.0 (b) 20.5 (c) 25.5 (d) 24.0 25. For the frequency distribution :
18. The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is 20.5. If
each of the largest 4 observations of the set is increased Variate (x ) : x1 x2 x 1 …x 15
by 2, then the median of the new set [2003] Frequency (f ) : f1 f2 f 3 …f 15
(a) remains the same as that of the original set 15
(b) is increased by 2 where 0 < x1 < x2 < x3 < ... < x15 = 10 and å fi > 0, the
i =1
(c) is decreased by 2 standard deviation cannot be : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(d) is two times the original median.
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 2
19. In a class of 100 students there are 70 boys whose average
marks in a subect are 75. If the average marks of the 26. Let xi (1 £ i £ 10) be ten observations of a random variable X.
complete class is 72, then what is the average of the girls? 10 10
[2002] If å ( xi - p) = 3 and å ( x - p)
i= 1
i
2
= 9 where
i =1
(a) 73 (b) 65 (c) 68 (d) 74
0 ¹ p Î R, then the standard deviation of these
observations is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
Quartile, Measures of Dispersion,
Quartile Deviation, Mean 3 4 9 7
TOPIC n Deviation, Variance & Standard (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 10 10
Deviation, Coefficient of Variation
27. Let X = {x Î N : 1 £ x £ 17} and Y =+ {ax b : x Î X and
n n a, b Î R, a > 0}. If mean and variance of elements of Y
20. If å ( xi - a) = n and å ( xi - a)2 = na , (n, a > 1), then are 17 and 216 respectively then a + b is equal to :
i =1 i =1 [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
the standard deviation of n observations x1, x2, ..., xn is : (a) 7 (b) –7 (c) –27 (d) 9
[Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] 28. If the variance of the terms in an increasing A.P.,
(a) a – 1 (b) n a - 1 b1 , b2 , b3 , ....., b11 is 90, then the common difference of
(c) n(a - 1) (d) a -1 this A.P. is ___________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]

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Statistics M-231
29. Let the observations xi(1 £ i £ 10) satisfy the equations, 39. If the sum of the deviations of 50 observations from 30 is
10 10 50, then the mean of these observations is :
å ( xi - 5) = 10 and å ( xi - 5)2 = 40. If m and l are the [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
i =1 i =1
mean and the variance of the observations, x1 – 3, x2 – 3, (a) 30 (b) 51 (c) 50 (d) 31
..., x10 – 3, then the ordered pair (m, l) is equal to: 40. The mean and the variance of five observations are 4 and
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] 5.20, respectively. If three of the observations are 3, 4 and
(a) (3, 3) (b) (6, 3) (c) (6, 6) (d) (3, 6) 4; then the absolute value of the difference of the other
30. The mean and the standard deviation (s.d.) of 10 two observations, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
observations are 20 and 2 respectively. Each of these 10 (a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 3
observations is multiplied by p and then reduced by q, 41. The outcome of each of 30 items was observed; 10 items
where p ¹ 0 and q ¹ 0. If the new mean and new s.d.
1 1
become half of their original values, then q is equal to: gave an outcome - d each, 10 items gave outcome
[Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] 2 2

(a) –5 (b) 10 (c) –20 (d) –10 1
each and the remaining 10 items gave outcome + d each.
31. The mean and variance of 20 observations are found to 2
be 10 and 4, respectively. On rechecking, it was found 4
that an observation 9 was incorrect and the correct If the variance of this outcome data is then |d| equals :
3
observation was 11. Then the correct variance is:
[Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(a) 3.99 (b) 4.01 (c) 4.02 (d) 3.98 2 5
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 2
32. If the variance of the first n natural numbers is 10 and the 3 2
variance of the first m even natural numbers is 16, then 42. A data consists of n observations:
m + n is equal to ¾¾¾. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
n n
33. If the mean and variance of eight numbers 3, 7, 9, 12, 13,
20, x and y be 10 and 25 respectively, then x × y is equal to
x1, x2, ...., xn. If å ( xi + 1)2 = 9n and å ( xi - 1) 2 = 5n
i =1 i =1
_________. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
then the standard deviation of this data is:
34. If the data x1, x2, ……, x10 is such that the mean of first four
[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
of these is 11, the mean of the remaining six is 16 and the
sum of squares of all of these is 2,000 ; then the standard (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 7
deviation of this data is : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
43. The mean of five observations is 5 and their variance is
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 9.20. If three of the given five observations are 1, 3 and 8,
then a ratio of other two observations is:
35. If both the mean and the standard deviation of 50
observations x1, x2, ….. , x50 are equal to 16, then the mean [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
of (x1 – 4)2, (x2 – 4)2, …, (x50 – 4)2 is : [April 10, 2019 (II)] (a) 10 : 3 (b) 4 : 9 (c) 5 : 8 (d) 6 : 7
(a) 400 (b) 380 (c) 525 (d) 480 44. If mean and standard deviation of 5 observations
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 are 10 and 3, respectively, then the variance
36. If the standard deviation of the numbers –1, 0, 1, k is 5
of 6 observations x1, x2, ..., x5 and – 50 is equal to:
where k > 0, then k is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
[Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
5
(a) 2 6 (b) 2 10 (c) 4 (d) 6 (a) 509.5 (b) 586.5 (c) 582.5 (d) 507.5
3 3
45. 5 students of a class have an average height 150 cm and
37. The mean and variance of seven observations are 8 and
variance 18 cm2. A new student, whose height is 156 cm,
16, respectively. If 5 of the observations are 2, 4, 10, 12, 14,
then the product of the remaining two observations is : oined them. The variance (in cm2) of the height of these
six students is: [Jan. 9, 2019 (I)]
[April 08, 2019 (I)]
(a) 45 (b) 49 (c) 48 (d) 40 (a) 16 (b) 22 (c) 20 (d) 18
38. A student scores the following marks in five tests: 45, 54, 46. The mean and the standard deviation (s.d.) of five
41, 57, 43. His score is not known for the sixth test. If the observations are 9 and 0, respectively.
mean score is 48 in the six tests, then the standard If one of the observations is changed such that the mean
deviation of the marks in six tests is : [April. 08, 2019 (II)] of the new set of five observations becomes 10, then their
10 100 10 100 s.d. is? [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
3 3 3 3

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M-232 Mathematics
47. If the mean of the data : 7, 8, 9, 7, 8, 7, l, 8 is 8, then the 55. Let X and M.D. be the mean and the mean deviation about
variance of this data is [Online April 15, 2018]
X of n observations xi, i = 1, 2, ........, n. If each of the
9 7 observations is increased by 5, then the new mean and
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 1 the mean deviation about the new mean, respectively, are:
8 8
9 9 (a) X, M.D. (b) X + 5, M.D.
48. If å (xi - 5) = 9 and å (xi - 5)2 = 45 , then the standard
i =1 i=1 (c) X, M.D. + 5 (d) X + 5, M.D. + 5
deviation of the 9 items x1, x2, ..., x9 is : [2018] 56. All the students of a class performed poorly in
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 9 Mathematics. The teacher decided to give grace marks of
10 to each of the students. Which of the following statistical
49. The sum of 100 observations and the sum of their squares measures will not change even after the grace marks were
are 400 and 2475, respectively. Later on, three observations, given ? [2013]
3, 4 and 5, were found to be incorrect. If the incorrect (a) mean (b) median (c) mode (d) variance
observations are omitted, then the variance of the remaining 57. In a set of 2n observations, half of them are equal to 'a' and
observations is : [Online April 9, 2017] the remaining half are equal to ' –a'. If the standard deviation
(a) 8.25 (b) 8.50 (c) 8.00 (d) 9.00 of all the observations is 2 ; then the value of | a | is :
50. If the standard deviation of the numbers 2, 3, a and 11 is
3.5, then which of the following is true? [2016] (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 2
58. Mean of 5 observations is 7. If four of these observations
(a) 3a2 – 34a + 91 = 0 (b) 3a2 – 23a + 44 = 0
are 6, 7, 8, 10 and one is missing then the variance of all the
(c) 3a2 – 26a + 55 = 0 (d) 3a2 – 32a + 84 = 0 five observations is : [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 2
51. The mean of 5 observations is 5 and their variance is 124.
If three of the observations are 1, 2 and 6; then the mean 59. Let x1 , x2,...., xn be n observations, and let x be their
deviation from the mean of the data is : arithmetic mean and s2 be the variance.
Statement-1 : Variance of 2x1, 2x2, ..., 2xn is 4s2.
Statement-2 : Arithmetic mean 2x1, 2x2, ..., 2xn is 4 x .
(a) 2.5 (b) 2.6 (c) 2.8 (d) 2.4 [2012]
52. If the mean deviation of the numbers 1, 1 + d, ..., 1 + 100d (a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
from their mean is 255, then a value of d is : (b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
(a) 10.1 (b) 5.05 (c) 20.2 (d) 10 not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
53. The variance of first 50 even natural numbers is [2014] (d) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
60. Statement 1: The variance of first n odd natural numbers
437 833
(a) 437 (b)
4
(c)
4
(d) 833 n2 - 1
is
3
54. Let x , M and s2 be respectively the mean, mode and
Statement 2: The sum of first n odd natural number is n2
variance of n observations x1, x2, ...., xn and di = – xi – a ,
and the sum of square of first n odd natural numbers is
i = 1, 2, ...., n, where a is any number.
Statement I: Variance of d1, d2,... dn is s2. (
n 4n2 + 1 ). [Online May 26, 2012]
3
Statement II: Mean and mode of d1, d2, .... dn are - x - a
and – M – a, respectively. [Online April 19, 2014]
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
(a) Statement I and Statement II are both false not a correct explanation for Statement 1.
(b) Statement I and Statement II are both true (c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
(c) Statement I is true and Statement II is false (d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(d) Statement I is false and Statement II is true

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Statistics M-233
61. If the mean of 4, 7, 2, 8, 6 and a is 7, then the mean deviation (c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
from the median of these observations is (d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 is
[Online May 12, 2012] a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(a) 8 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 3 67. The mean of the numbers a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 and the variance
62. A scientist is weighing each of 30 fishes. Their mean weight is 6.80. Then which one of the following gives possible
worked out is 30 gm and a standarion deviation of 2 gm. values of a and b? [2008]
Later, it was found that the measuring scale was misaligned (a) a = 0, b = 7 (b) a = 5, b = 2
and always under reported every fish weight by 2 gm. The (c) a = 1, b = 6 (d) a = 3, b = 4
correct mean and standard deviation (in gm) of fishes are
respectively : [2011RS] 68. Suppose a population A has 100 observations 101, 102,
............., 200 and another population B has 100 obsevrations
(a) 32, 2 (b) 32, 4 (c) 28, 2 (d) 28, 4 151, 152, ................ 250. If VA and VB represent the variances
63. If the mean deviation about the median of the numbers a,

2a,.......,50a is 50, then | a | equals [2011] VA
of the two populations, respectively then is [2006]
VB
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 2
64. For two data sets, each of sie 5, the variances are given to
9 4 2
be 4 and 5 and the corresponding means are given to be 2 (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
4 9 3
and 4, respectively. The variance of the combined data set
is [2010] 69. In a series of 2 n observations, half of them equal a and
remaining half equal –a. If the standard deviation of the
11 13 5 observations is 2, then |a| equals. [2004]
(a) (b) 6 (c) (d)
2 2 2
2 1
65. If the mean deviation of the numbers 1, 1 + d, (a) (b) 2 (c) 2 (d)
n n
1 + 2d, .... 1 + 100d from their mean is 255, then d is equal to:
70. Consider the following statements :
[2009]
(A) Mode can be computed from histogram
(a) 20.0 (b) 10.1 (c) 20.2 (d) 10.0
(B) Median is not independent of change of scale
66. Statement-1 : The variance of first n even natural numbers
(C) Variance is independent of change of origin and scale.
n2 –1 Which of these is / are correct ? [2004]
is .
4 (a) (A), (B) and (C) (b) Only (B)
Statement-2 : The sum of first n natural numbers is (c) Only (A) and (B) (d) Only (A)
n(n + 1) 71. In an experiment with 15 observations on x, the following
and the sum of squares of first n natural numbers results were available:
2
Sx 2 = 2830, Sx = 170
is n (n + 1)(2n + 1) . [2009]
6 One observation that was 20 was found to be wrong and
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 is was replaced by the correct value 30. The corrected
not a correct explanation for Statement-1. variance is [2003]
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (a) 8.33 (b) 78.00 (c) 188.66 (d) 177.33

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M-234 Mathematics
1. (6.00) 5. (b) As mean is a linear operation, so if each observation

is multiplied by l and decreased by 25 then the mean
Sxi f i 0 × n C0 + 2 × n C1 + 2 2 × n C2 + ... + 2 n × n Cn becomes 75 l – 25.
Mean = =
Sf i n
C0 + n C1 + .... + n Cn According to the question,
To find sum of numerator consider 4
75 l – 25 = 75 Þ l = .
3
(1 + x)n = nC0 + n C1 x + nC2 x 2 + ... + nCn x n
...(i)
Put x = 2 Þ 3n - 1 = 2 × n C1 + 22 × nC2 + .... + 2 n × nCn x1 + x2 + ....... + x25

6. (c) Let; = x = 40
25
To find sum of denominator, put x = 1 in (i) , we get
Þ x1 + x2 + .......... + x25 = 1000
2n = n C0 + n C1 + ..... + n Cn \ x2 + x2 + .......... + x25 – 60 + A = 39 ´ 25
Let A be the age of new teacher.
3n - 1 728 Þ 1000 – 60 + A = 975
\ = Þ 3n = 729 Þ n = 6
2n 2n Þ A = 975 – 940 = 35
1 7. (b) Sum of 16 observations = 16 × 16 = 256
2sin x + 2cos x
2. (d) ³ (2sin x + cos x ) 2 (Q AM ³ GM) Sum of resultant 18 observations
2
= 256 – 16 + (3 + 4+5) = 252
sin x + cos x 252
Þ 2sin x + 2cos x ³ 2 × 2 2 Mean of observations = = 14
18
Since, -2 £ sin x + cos x £ 2 8. (c) a1 + a2 + a3 = 39
Þ a1 + (a1 + d) + (a1 + 2d) = 39
sin x + cos x -
1
Þ 3a1 + 3d = 39 [Q a1 = 10]
\ Minimum value of 2 2 =2 2
Þ d=3
1
1- Sum of last four term = 178
Þ 2sin x + 2cos x ³ 2 2 .
178
3. (d) Number of students are, Their mean = = 44.5
4
(x + 1)2 + (2x – 5) + (x2 – 3x) + x = 20 an = 44.5 + 1.5 + 3 = 49
Þ 2x2 + 2x – 4 = 20 Þ x2 + x – 12 = 0
10 + 49 59
Þ (x + 4) (x – 3) = 0 Þ x = 3 Median = = = 29.5
2 2
Marks 2 3 5 7 9. (c) Let average wage of Night shift worker is x
\ No. of students 16 1 0 3 70 × 54 + 30 × x = 60 × 100
x = 74
32+3+21 56 10. (a) There are 2n observations x1, x2, ..., x2n
Average marks = = = 2.8
20 20 2n
x
4. (d) Ten numbers in increasing order are So, mean = å 2ni
10, 22, 26, 29, 34, x, 42, 67, 70, y i =1
Let these observations be divided into two parts
Mean =
å xi = x + y + 300 = 42 Þ x + y = 120 x1, x2, ..., xn and xn+1, ..., x2n
n 10 Each in 1st part 5 is added, so total of first part is
T5 + T6 34 + x n
Median =
2
= 35 =
2
Þ x = 36 and y = 84 å xi + 5n.
i= 1
y 84 7 In second part 3 is subtracted from each
Hence, = =
x 36 3

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Statistics M-235
2n 14. (d) Frequency distribution is given as

So, total of second part is å xi - 3n
Expenditure No. of families (f )
i = n +1
Total of 2n terms are 0-50 24
n 2n 2n 50-100 33
å xi + 5n + å xi - 3n = å xi + 2n 100-150 37
i =1 i = n +1 i =1
150-200 b
2n
x + 2n 2n
x
Mean = å i = å i +1 200-250 25
i =1
2 n i =1
2 n
So, it increase by 1. Clearly, modal class is 100-150, as the maximum
frequency occurs in this class.
11. (d) Since 0 < y < x < 2y
Given, Mode = 140

x x We have
\ y> Þ x- y <
2 2 f 0 - f –1
Mode = l + í
\ x – y < y < x < 2x + y 2 f 0 - f –1 - f1
y+x where
Hence median = = 10 l = 100, f0 = 37, f–1 = 33, f1 = b
2 i = 50
Þ x + y = 20 ...(i) Thus, we get
And range = (2x + y) – (x – y) = x + 2y é 37 - 33 ù
But range = 28 140 = 100 + ê ú ´ 50
\ x + 2y = 28 ...(ii) ë 2 ( 37 ) - 33 - b û
From equations (i) and (ii), é 4 ù 200
= 100 + ê ú ´ 50 = 100 +
x = 12, y = 8 ë 74 - 33 - b û 41 - b
( x - y ) + y + x + (2 x + y ) 4 x + y Þ 5740 = 4300 + 40b Þ b = 36
\ Mean = =
4 4 15. (a) Let the number of boys be x and girls be y.
y 8 Þ 52x + 42y = 50(x + y)
= x+ = 12 + = 14 Þ 52x – 50x = 50y – 42y
4 4
x 4 x 4
20 ´ 40 - 33 + 55 Þ 2x = 8y Þ = Þ =
12. (a) Correct mean = = 41.1 y 1 x+ y 5
20
Nearest option : (a) 41 x
\ Required % of boys = ´ 100
13. (a) Median is given as x+ y
4
N = ´ 100 = 80 %
-F 5
M = l+ 2 Ć 16. (b) We know that for positive real numbers x1, x2, ...., xn,
f A.M. of kth powers of xi ³ kth the power of A.M. of xi
where 2
å x12 ³ æç å x1 ö÷
2
l = lower limit of the median - class 400 æ 80 ö
Þ Þ ³ç ÷
f = frequency of the median class n n ø n è nø
è
N = total frequency
F = cumulative frequency of the class ust before the Þ n ³ 16 . So only possible value for
median class n = 18
C = length of median class 17. (d) We know that Mode = 3 Median – 2Mean
Now, given, M = 25, N = 100, F = 45, 3 × 22 – 2 × 21 = 66 – 42 = 24
C = 20 – 30 = 10, l = 20. th
æ 9 +1ö th
\ By using formula, we have 18. (a) n = 9 then median term = ç ÷ = 5 term. That
è 2 ø
50 – 45
25 = 20 + ´ 10 means four observation followed by it. If last four
f observations are increased by 2. The median is 5th
50 50 observation which is remaining unchanged.
25 – 20 = Þ5= Þ f = 10 \ There will be no change in median.
f f

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M-236 Mathematics
19. (b) Total student = 100 Þ x + y = 80 - 63

Total marks of 70 boys = 75 ´ 70 = 5250
Þ x + y = 17 ...(i)
Þ Total marks of girls = 7200 – 5250 = 1950
Number of girls = 100 – 70 = 30 Q var( x ) = 13.5
1950 25 + 49 + 100 + 144 + 196 + 225 + x 2 + y 2
Average of girls = = 65
30 = - (10)2
8
20. (d) Standard deviation
2 Þ x 2 + y 2 = 169 ...(ii)
n æ ö n
å ( xi - a) ç å ( xi - a) ÷
2 From (i) and (ii) we get
(x, y) = (12, 5) or (5, 12)
= i =1 - ç i =1 ÷
n ç n ÷ [Q n, a > 1] So, | x – y | = 7.
ç ÷ 24. (4)
è ø
xi 15 25 35
2
na æ n ö fi 2 x 2
= - ç ÷ = a -1
n è nø
Sf i xi 30 + 70 + 25 x
x= = = 25
21. (c) Let two remaining observations are x1, x2. Sfi 4+ x
2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + x1 + x2
So, x = = 8 (given) Sfi xi2
7 s2 = - ( x )2
S fi
Þ x1 + y1 = 14 ...(i)
450 + 625 x + 2450
2 Þ 50 = - 625
æ Sx ö Sxi2 4+ x
Now, s = - ç i ÷ = 16 (given)
2
N è N ø 2900 + 625 x
Þ 675 = Þ 50 x = 200
4 + 16 + 100 + 144 + 196 + x12 + x22 4+ x
= - 64 = 16
7 \x = 4
25. (c) If variate varries from a to b then variance
Þ 460 + x12 + x22 = (16 + 64) ´ 7
2
æ b - aö
Þ x12 + x22 = 100 var ( x) £ ç
è 2 ÷ø
...(ii)
Q ( x + y)2 = x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy Þ xy = 48 ...(iii) 2
æ 10 - 0 ö
Þ var ( x) < ç
Q ( x - y)2 = ( x + y )2 - 4 xy = 196 - 192 = 4 è 2 ÷ø
Þ x- y =2 Þ |x- y| =2 Þ var ( x) < 25

Þ standard deviation < 5
3+ 5+ 7 + a + b It is clear that standard deviation cann't be 6.
22. (c) Mean = = 5 Þ a + b = 10
5
2
32 + 52 + 72 + a 2 + b2 10 æ 10 ö
Variance = - (5)2 = 4
5 å ( xi - p) ç
2
ç i =1
å( xi - p) ÷
÷
i =1
Þ a 2 + b2 = 62 26. (c) S.D. = -ç ÷
Þ (a + b)2 - 2ab = 62
10 ç 10 ÷
ç ÷
çè ÷ø
Þ ab = 19
Hence, a and b are the roots of the equation,
x2 – 10x + 19 = 0. 9 æ 3ö 9
2
23. (d) Let the two remaining observations be x and y. = -ç ÷ = .

10 è 10 ø 10
5 + 7 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 15 + x + y
Qx = 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 17 17 ´ 18
8 27. (b) Q x = = =9
17 17 ´ 2
63 + x + y
Þ 10 =
8 a(1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 17)
y = ax + b = + b = 17
17

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Statistics M-237
a × (17 ×18) 30. (c) Let x and s be the mean and standard deviations of
Þ + b = 17 Þ 9a + b = 17 ...(i)
17 × 2 given observations.
If each observation is multiplied with p and then q is
Sx 2
Var (x) = sA2 = - ( x )2 subtracted.
n
New mean ( x1) = px - q
1 + 2 + .... + 17
2 2 2
Þ 10 = p(20) – q ...(i)
= - (9)2
17 and new standard deviations s1 = |p| s
17 × 18 × 35 1 1
- ( 9) = 105 - 81 = 24
2
= Þ 1 = |p| (2) Þ |p| = Þ p=±
6 ×17 2 2
Var (y) = a2 Var (x) = a 2 × 24 = 216 1
If p = , then q = 0 (from equation (i))

2
216
a =
2
= 9Þ a = 3 1
24 If p = – , then q = – 20
2
\ From (i), b = 17 - 9a = 17 - 27 = -10
31. (a) Let x1, x2, ....., x20 be 20 observations, then
\ a + b = 3 + ( -10) = -7
x1 + x2 + ..... + x20
28. (3) Mean = = 10
20
2
æ 11 ö
11 20
å bi2
ç å bi ÷ å xi
Variance = i =1
- ç i =1 ÷ Þ i =1 = 10 ...(i)
11 ç 11 ÷ 20
ç ÷
è ø
Sxi2
Let common difference of A.P. be d Variance = - ( x )2
n
2
10 æ 10 ö Sxi2
å (b1 + rd ) ç å (b1 + rd ) ÷
2
Þ
20
- 100 = 4 ...(ii)
= r =0 - ç r =0 ÷
11 ç 11 ÷ Sxi2 = 104 × 20 = 2080
ç ÷
è ø 200 - 9 + 11 202
Actual mean = =
20 20
æ 10 ´ 11ö æ 10 ´ 11 ´ 21ö
11b12 + 2b1d ç + d2 ç
è 2 ÷ø ÷ø 2
è 6 2080 - 81 + 121 æ 202 ö
= Variance = -ç ÷
11 20 è 20 ø
2 2120
æ 10 ´ 11 ö = - (10.1)2 = 106 - 102.01 = 3.99
11b + d
ç 1 2 ÷ 20
-ç ÷
11 32. (18)Var (1, 2, ....., n) = 10
ç ÷
è ø 2
12 + 22 + ..... + n 2 æ 1 + 2 + ..... + n ö
Þ -ç ÷ = 10
= (b12 + 10b1d + 35d 2 ) - (b1 + 5d ) 2 = 10d 2 n è n ø
2
Q Variance = 90 (Given) (n + 1)(2n + 1) æ n + 1 ö
Þ -ç ÷ = 10
Þ 10d 2 = 90 Þ d = 3. 6 è 2 ø
Þ n2 – 1 = 120 Þ n = 11
S( xi - 5) Var (2, 4, 6, ....., 2m) = 16 Þ Var (1, 2, ....., m) = 4
29. (a) Mean of the observation (xi – 5) = =1
10 Þ m2 – 1 = 48 Þ m = 7
\ l = {Mean (xi – 5)} + 2 = 3 Þ m + n =18
3 + 7 + 9 + 12 + 13 + 20 + x + y
Variance of the observation 33. (52)Mean = x = = 10
8
S( xi - 5) 2 S ( xi - 5) Þ x + y = 16 ...(i)
m = var (xi – 5) = - =3
10 10

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M-238 Mathematics
S ( xi )2 12k 2
Variance = s2 = - ( x )2 = 25 +2
8 Þ 16 =5 Þk =2 6
2 2
4
9 + 49 + 81+144 +169 + 400 + x + y
s2 = - 100 = 25
8 37. (c) Let the remaining numbers are a and b.
Þ x2 + y2 = 148 ...(ii)
Mean ( x ) =
å xi = 2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + a + b =8
From eqn. (i), (x + y)2 = (16)2 N 7
Þ x2 + y2 + 2xy = 256
Using eqn. (ii), 148 + 2xy = 256 Þ a + b = 14 ...(i)
Þ xy = 52
å xi2 - ( x )2 = 16
34. (b) According to the question, Variance (s2) =

N
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4
= 11 Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 44
4
x5 + x6 + ... + x10 22 + 42 + 102 + 122 + 142 + a 2 + b2
= 16 Þ x5 + x6 + ... +x10 = 96 Þ – (8)2 = 16
6 7
and x12 + x22 + ...x10
2
= 2000 Þ a2 + b2 = 100 ...(ii)
Q standard deviation, s2 = å xi2 - ( x )2 From (i) and (ii), (14 – b)2 + b2 = 100
N Þ196 + b2 – 28b + b2 = 100
2 Þb2 – 14b + 48 = 0
2000 æ 44 + 96 ö
- Þs=2 Þb = 6, 8
10 çè 10 ÷ø
= =4
\ a = 8, 6.
35. (a) Given, mean and standard deviation are equal to 16.
\ (a, b) = (6, 8) or (8, 6)
x1 + x2 + ....x50
\ = 16 Hence, the product of the remaining two observations
50
= ab = 48
x12 + x22 ... x50
2
38. (a) Q Mean score = 48
and 162 = - 162
50 Let unknown score be x,
Þ 2 (16)2 50 = x12 + x22 + ....x50
2 41 + 45 + 54 + 57 + 43 + x
\ x= = 48
6
( x1 - 4) 2 + ( x2 - 4) 2 + ...( x50 - 4) 2 Þ x + 240 = 288 Þ x = 48
Required mean =
50
2 1 2 2 2
Now, s = [(48 - 41) + (48 - 45) + (48 - 54)
x 2 + x22 + ... + x50
2
+ 50 ´16 - 8( x1 + x2 + ... + x50 ) 6
= 1
50 + (48 – 57)2 + (48 – 43)2 + (48 – 48)2
162 (100) + (50) - 8(16 ´ 50) 1 200 100

= = 400 = (49 + 9 + 36 + 81 + 25) = =
50 6 6 3
10
k s=
36. (a) Mean of given observation = 3
4
Q Standard deviation = 5 50
\ s2 = 5 39. (d) Given, å ( xi - 30) = 50

i =1
1 2 2
Þ s = S( xi - x ) 50
n å xi - 50(30) = 50
2 2 2 2 i =1
æ k ö æ k ö æ k ö æ 3k ö
ç + 1÷ + ç ÷ + ç - 1 ÷ + ç ÷ 50
4 ø è4ø è4 ø è 4 ø
=è =5 Þ å xi = 1550
4 i =1

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Statistics M-239
Mean, x =
å xi n
Here, A = å xi and B = å xi
2
n
50 i =1 i =1
1550 n
=
50
= 31 Q å ( xi + 1)2 = 9n
i =1
40. (a) Let two observations be x1 and x2, then
Þ A + n + 2B = 9n Þ A + 2B = 8n ...(ii)
x1 + x2 + 3 + 4 + 4 n
=4
5 Q å ( xi - 1)2 = 5n
i =1
Þ x1 + x2 = 9 ...(i)
Þ A + n – 2B = 5n Þ A – 2B = 4n ...(iii)
Variance =
å xi2 - ( x ) 2 From (ii) and (iii),
N A = 6n, B = n
9 + 16 + 16 + x12 + x22 1 1
(5 × 20) = - 16 Þ s2 = ´ 6n - 2 ´ n 2 = 6 - 1 = 5
5 n n
26 = 41 + x12 + x22 - 80 Þs= 5
x12 + x22 = 65 ...(ii) 43. (b) Since mean of x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5 is 5
Þ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 25
From (i) and (ii);
Þ 1 + 3 + 8 + x4 + x5 = 25
x1 = 8, x2 = 1
Þ x4 + x5 = 13 ...(i)
Hence, the required value of the difference of other two
5
observations = |x1 – x2| = 7
å xi2 5
æ1 ö æ1 ö 1 1 Q i =1
- (5) 2 = 9.2 Þ å xi2 = 5(25 + 9.2)
41. (d) Outcomes are ç - d ÷ , ç - d ÷ , 0..., 10 times, , , i =1
è2 ø è2 ø 2 2 5
1 1 = 125 + 46 = 171
..., 10 times, + d , + d , ..., 10 times
2 2 Þ (1)2 + (3)2 + (8)2 + x42 + x52 = 171
1 æ1 ö 1 Þ x42 + x52 = 97
Mean = ç ´ 30ø÷ = ...(ii)
30 è 2 2
Þ (x4 + x5)2 – 2x4 x5 = 97
Variance of the outcomes is,
Þ 2x4 x5 = 132 – 97 = 72 Þ x4x5 = 36 ...(iii)
1
s2 = S xi2 - ( x )2 4 9
30 (i) and (iii) Þ x4 : x5 = or
9 4
1 éæ 1 ù 1
2 2 2
ö æ 1ö æ1 ö
= êç - d ÷ ´ 10 + ç ÷ ´ 10 + ç + d ÷ ´ 10ú -
è
30 êë 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø úû 4
5
å xi 5 6
4 1 é 1 ù 1 44. (d) Q x = i=1 Þ å xi = 10 ´ 5 = 50 Þ å xi = 50 – 50 = 0

Þ 30 ´ + 20d 2 ú - i =1 i =1
3 30 êë
= 5
4 û 4
4 1 2 2 1 5
Þ = + d - å xi2
3 4 3 4 2
i =1
- (10) 2 = 3 = 9
Þ d 2 = 2 Þ |d| = 2 5
42. (b) Variance is given by, 5
1 n æ1 n ö
2 Þ å xi2 = 545
s2 = å x2 - å x
n i =1 i èç n i=1 i ø÷
i =1
Then,
6 5
1 1
s2 =
n
A - 2 B2
n
...(i) Þ å xi2 = å xi2 + (-50)2
i =1 i =1

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M-240 Mathematics
= 545 + (–50)2 = 3045 9

6 æ 6 ö
2 Also, å (x i - 5)2 = 45
å xi2 ç å xi ÷ 3045
i=1
Variance =
i =1
- ç i =1 ÷ = - 0 = 507.5 9 9
ç 6 ÷
6
ç ÷
6 Þ å x i2 - 10å xi + 9(25) = 45 ...(ii)
è ø i =1 i =1
From (i) and (ii) we get,
Sx 2
45. (c) Q Variance = s = i - ( x )2
2
9
N
å x i2 = 360
i =1
S xi2
å xi 2 - æ å x i ö
2
Þ 18 = - (150)2
5 Since, variance = ç 9 ÷
9 è ø
Þ S xi2= 90 + 112590 = 112590
Then, variance of the height of six students 360 æ 54 ö
2
= - ç ÷ = 40 – 36 = 4
2
112590 + (156) æ 750 + 156 ö
2
9 è9ø
-ç
ø÷
V' =
6 è 6 \ Standard deviation = Variance = 2
= 22821 – 22801 = 20
100 100
46. (c) Here mean = x = 9 49. (d) å x i = 400 å x i2 = 2475
i =1 i =1
S xi
Þ x= =9 2
n
Þ S xi = 9 × 5 = 45 2
Variance = s =
å xi2 - æç å x i ö÷
N ç N ÷
Now, standard deviation = 0 è ø
\ all the five terms are same i.e.; 9. 2
2475 æ 388 ö
Now for changed observation -
97 çè 97 ÷ø
=
36 + x5
xnew = = 10
5 2425 - 1552 873
Þ x5 = 14 = = =9
97 97
S ( xi - xnew ) 2 2 + 3 + a + 11 a
\ snew = 50. (d) x = = +4
n 4 4
4(9 - 10)2 + (14 - 10)2 x i2

( )
2
=
5
=2 s= å n
- x
7+8+9+ 7+8+7 +l +8
47. (d) x = =8 4 + 9 + a 2 +121 æ a ö
2
8 Þ 3.5 = - ç + 4÷
54 + l 4 è4 ø
Þ = 8 Þ l = 10
8 49 4(134 + a 2 ) - ( a 2 + 256 + 32 a)
Now variance = s2 Þ =
4 16
(7 - 8) 2 + (8 - 8) 2 + (9 - 8) 2 + (7 - 8) 2 + (8 - 8) 2 Þ 3a 2 - 32a + 84 = 0
+ (7 - 8) 2 + (10 - 8) 2 + (8 - 8) 2 51. (c) n = 5
=
8
x =5
1 + 0 + 1+1 + 0 + 1+ 4 + 0 8 variance = 124
Þ s2 = = =1
8 8 x1 = 1, x2 = 2, x3 = 6
Hence, the variance is 1. x =5
9 9
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 +x5
48. (b) Given å (x i - 5) = 9 Þ å xi = 54 ...(i) 5
=5
i=1 i=1

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Statistics M-241
Þ x4 + x5 + 9 = 25 é x1 + x2 + x3 + .... + xn ù na
Þ x4 + x5 = 16 = -ê ú - n = -x - a
Þ x4 + x5 + 10 – 10 = 16 ë n û
Þ (x4 – 5) + (x5 – 5) = 16 – 10 Since, di = – xi – a and we multiply or subtract each
Þ (x4 – 5) + (x5 – 5) = 6 observation by any number the mode remains the same.
Hence mode of –xi – a i.e. di and xi are same.
S | xi - x | Now variance of d1, d2,...., dn
Mean deviation =
N
1 n
= |x1 – 5| + |x2 – 5| + |x3 – 5| +
| x4 - 5 | + | x5 - 5 | = å [di - ( - x - a)]2
n i =1
5
4 + 3 + 1 + 6 14 1 n
=
5
=
5
= 2.8 = å [ - xi - a + x + a]2
n i =1
1
(a) x = 1 n 1 n
( - xi + x ) 2 = å ( x - xi ) = s2
[1 + (1 + d) + (1 + 2d)] ..... (1 + 100d)]
å
52. 2
101 =
n i =1 n i =1
1 101
= ´ [1 + (1 + 100d)] = 1 + 50d 55. (b) Let xi be n observations, i = 1, 2, ...n
101 2
mean deviation from mean Let X be the mean and M.D be the mean deviation
1 about X .
= [|1 – (1 + 50d) | + | (1 + d) – (1 + 50d) |.....| If each observation is increased by 5 then new mean will
101
[1 + 100d] – (1 + 50d)|] be X + 5 and new M.D. about new mean will be M.D.
2|d | æ n
xi ö
= (1 + 2 + 3..... + 50) çQ Mean = å ÷
101 è i =1
nø
2 | d | 50 ´ 51 2550 56. (d) If initially all marks were xi then
= ´ = |d|
101 2 101 å ( xi - x )2
i
s12 =
2550 N
= | d | = 225 Þ| d | = 10.1 Now each is increased by 10
101
å ( xi - x )
2
53. (d) First 50 even natural numbers are 2, 4 , 6 ....., 100 å [( xi +10) -( x +10) ]2
s12 = i
= i
= s12
Variance =
å xi2 - ( x) 2 N N
N Hence, variance will not change even after the grace marks
2 were given.
2 + 4 2 + ... + 100 2 - æ 2 + 4 + ... + 100 ö
2
Þ s2 = çè ÷ø 57. (a) Clearly mean A = 0
50 50
4(12 + 22 + 32 + .... + 50 2 ) S( x - A)2
= - (51)2 Now, standard deviation s =
50 2n
æ 50 ´ 51 ´ 101ö
= 4ç - (51)2
è 50 ´ 6 ÷ø (a - 0) 2 + ( a - 0) 2 + ...... + (0 - a) 2 + ......
2=
= 3434 – 2601 Þ s2 = 833 2n
x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn
54. (b) x =
n a 2 .2n
= =|a|
2n
1 n
s2 = å ( xi - x )2
n i =1
Hence, | a | = 2
58. (d) Let 5th observation be x.
Mean of d1, d2, d3, ...., dn Given mean = 7
d1 + d 2 + d3 + .... + d n 6 + 7 + 8 + 10 + x
= \ 7=
n 5
( - x1 - a) + ( - x2 - a) + ( - x3 - a ) + .... + (- xn - a ) Þ x=4
=
n

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M-242 Mathematics
Now, Variance 62. (a) We know that if each observation is increase by 2

then mean is increase by 2 but S.D. remains same.
(6 - 7) 2 + (7 - 7)2 + (8 - 7) 2 + (10 - 7) 2 + (4 - 7)2 Correct mean = observed mean + 2 = 30 + 2 = 32
=
5 Correct S. D. = observed S.D. = 2
63. (b) Q n = 50 (even)
12 + 02 + 12 + 32 + 32 20 25th obs. + 26th obs.
= = = 4=2 Median =
5 5 2
59. (d) A.M. of 2x1, 2x2, ..., 2xn is 25a + 26a
\ M = = 25.5a
2
2x1 + 2x 2 + ... + 2x n æ x + x 2 + .... + x n ö å xi - M
= 2ç 1 ÷ = 2x M .D (M ) =
n è n ø N
æ Sum of observations ö 1
çQ Mean = ÷ Þ 50 = [2 ´ a ´ (0.5 + 1.5 + 2.5 + ....24.5)]
è Number of observations ø 50
So statement-2 is false. 25
Þ 2500 = 2 a ´ (25)
If each observations is multiply by 2 then mean multiply 2
by 2 and variance multiply by 22. Þ a =4
variance (2xi) = 22 variance (xi) = 4s2 where i = 1, 2,......n 64. (a) s2x = 4, s2y = 5, x = 2, y = 4
So statement-1 is true.
1
60. (a) Statement 2 : Sum of first n odd natural numbers is s 2x =
5
å xi2 - (2)2 = 4 Þ å xi2 = 40;
not equal to n2.
1
61.
So, statement - 2 is false.
(d) Given observations are 4, 7, 2, 8, 6, a and mean is 7.
s 2y =
5
å yi2 - (4)2 = 5 Þ å yi2 = 105
å xi2 + å yi2 = å ( xi2 + yi2 ) = 145
We know
Þ
4+ 7+ 2+8+ 6+ a
Mean =
6 Þ å xi + å yi = å ( xi + yi ) = 5(2) + 5(4) = 30
4+7 + 2+8+ 6+ a Variance of combined data
Þ 7= Þ a = 15
( )
2
1 æ 1 ö
å xi2 + yi2 - ç å ( xi + yi ) ÷
6
=
Now, given observations can be written in ascending order 10 è 10 ø
which is 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 15 145 11
Since, No. of observation is even = -9 =
10 2
\ Median
101 + d(1 + 2 + 3 + ......+100)
65. (b) Mean =
æ 6ö æ6 ö 101
çè ÷ø th observation + çè + 1÷ø th observation d × 100 × 101
2 2 =1+
= =1 + 50 d
2 101 × 2
Given that mean deviation from the mean = 255
3rd observation + 4th observation 6 + 7 13
= = = 1
2 2 2 Þ [| 1 - (1 + 50d ) | + | (1 + d ) - (1 + 50 d ) |
101
6 13 + | (1 + 2d ) -(1 + 50d ) | +.... +
å xi -
Now, Mean deviation = i =1 2 | (1 + 100d ) - (1 + 50 d ) |] = 255
6 Þ 2d [1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 50] = 101 ´ 255
13 13 13 13 13 13 50 ´ 51
4- + 7- + 2- + 8- + 6- + 15 - Þ 2d ´ = 101´ 255
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=
6 101 ´ 255
Þ d= = 10.1
5 1 9 3 1 17 50 ´ 51
+ + + + + 66. (c) First n even natural numbers be 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 2n
2 2 2 2 2 2 = 18 = 3
= 2(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n) 2[n (n + 1)]
6 6 \ x= = = (n + 1)
n 2n

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Statistics M-243
S ( x – x )2 S x2 69. (c) Clearly sum of observations = 0,

And Var = = – ( x )2 \ mean A = 0
2n n
4S n 2 4 n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
==
n
– (n + 1) 2 = – ( n + 1) 2 Standard deviation s = å ( x - A)2
6n
2n
2 (2n + 1) ( n + 1) é 4n + 2 – 3n – 3 ù
= – ( n + 1)2 = (n + 1) ê úû
3 ë 3 (a - 0)2 + ( a - 0)2 + ...(0 - a) 2 + ...
2= [Q s = 2]
=
( n + 1)( n – 1) = n - 1
2
2n
3 3
\ Statement-1 is false. Clearly, statement - 2 is true.
a 2 .2n
67. (d) Mean of a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6 = =| a |
2n
a + b + 8 + 5 + 10
Þ =6 Hence, | a | = 2
5
Þ a+b=6 ...(i) 70. (c) Only first statement (A) and second statements (B)
Variance of a, b, 8, 5, 10 is 6.80 are correct.
( a - 6) 2 + (b – 6) 2 + (8 – 6) 2 + (5 – 6) 2 + (10 – 6) 2 71. (b) Sx = 170, Sx 2 = 2830
Þ
5 New, Sx' = 170 + (30 - 20) = 180
= 6.80
Þ a 2 –12a + 36 + (1 – a ) 2 + 21 = 34 New, Sx '2 = 2830 + (900 - 400)
[using eq. (i)] = 2830 + 500 = 3330
Þ 2a2 –14a + 24 = 0 Þ a2 – 7a + 12 = 0 2
Þ a = 3 or 4 Þ b = 4 or 3 1 æ1 ö
Now, Variance = S x ' 2 -ç S x ' ÷
\ The possible values of a and b are a = 3 and b = 4 n èn ø
or, a = 4 and b = 3 2
1 æ1 ö
= ´ 3330 - ç ´ 180 ÷ = 222 - 144 = 78.
68. (a) s 2x =
å di2
(Here di = deviations are taken from the
15 è 15 ø
n
mean). Since population A and population B both have 100
consecutive integers, therefore both have same standard
deviation and hence the variance is also same. \ V A = 1

VB

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M-244 Mathematics
15
Probability
Random Experiment, Sample 7 5

(a) 20 (b)
Space, Events, Probability of an 2 220
TOPIC Ć Event, Mutually Exclusive &
Exhaustive Events, Equally Likely 4 6
(c) 20 (d)
1. Out of 11 consecutive natural numbers if three numbers 2 220
are selected at random (without repetition), then the 5. Two different families A and B are blessed with equal
probability that they are in A.P. with positive common number of children. There are 3 tickets to be distributed
difference, is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] amongst the children of these families so that no child
gets more than one ticket.
15 5 If the probability that all the tickets go to the children of
(a) (b)
101 101 1
the family B is , then the number of children in each
5 10 12
(c) (d) family is? [Online April 16, 2018]
33 99
(a) 4 (b) 6
2. If 10 different balls are to be placed in 4 distinct boxes at
(c) 3 (d) 5
random, then the probability that two of these boxes
contain exactly 2 and 3 balls is : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 6. A box ¢A¢ contanis 2 white, 3 red and 2 black balls. Another
box ¢B¢ contains 4 white, 2 red and 3 black balls. If two
965 965
(a) (b) balls are drawn at random, without replacement, from a
211 210 randomly selected box and one ball turns out to be white
945 945 while the other ball turns out to be red, then the probability
(c)
210
(d)
211 that both balls are drawn from box ¢B¢ is
3. If three of the six vertices of a regular hexaon are chosen
at random, then the probability that the triangle formed 7 9
(a) (b)
with these chosen vertices is equilateral is : 16 32
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
7 9
(c) (d)
1 1 8 16
(a) (b)
10 5
7. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are decided by
3 3 the three throws of a single fair die, then the probability
(c) (d) that the triangle is of maximum area given that it is an
10 20
4. Let S = {1, 2, ....., 20}. A subset B of S is said to be “nice”, isosceles triangle, is : [Online April 11, 2015]
if the sum of the elements of B is 203. Than the probability 1 1
(a) (b)
that a randomly chosen subset of S is “nice” is : 21 27
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 1 1
(c) (d)
15 26

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Probability M-245
8. A number x is chosen at random from the set {1, 2, 3, 4, ...., Statement -2 : If the four chosen numbers form an AP,
100}. Define the event: A = the chosen number x satisfies then the set of all possible values of common difference is
( x - 10 )( x - 50) ³ 0 (±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5) .
( x - 30 ) (a) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement -2
Then P (A) is: [Online April 12, 2014] is not a correct explanation for Statement -1
(a) 0.71 (b) 0.70 (b) Statement -1 is true, Statment -2 is false
(c) 0.51 (d) 0.20 (c) Statement -1 is false, Statment -2 is true.
9. A set S contains 7 elements. A non-empty subset A of S (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true ; Statement -
and an element x of S are chosen at random. Then the
2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1.
probability that x Î A is: [Online April 11, 2014]
14. An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are
1 64 blue and two are green. Three balls are drawn at random
(a) (b) without replacement from the urn. The probability that the
2 127
three balls have different colours is [2010]
63 31
(c) (d) 2 1
128 128
(a) (b)
10. There are two balls in an urn. Each ball can be either white 7 21
or black. If a white ball is put into the urn and there after a
ball is drawn at random from the urn, then the probability 2 1
(c) (d)
that it is white is [Online May 26, 2012] 23 3
1 2 15. Five horses are in a race. Mr. A selects two of the horses
(a) (b)
4 3 at random and bets on them. The probability that Mr. A
1 1 selected the winning horse is [2003]
(c) (d)
5 3 2 4
(a) (b)
11. If six students, including two particular students A and B, 5 5
stand in a row, then the probability that A and B are
separated with one student in between them is 3 1
(c) (d)
[Online May 19, 2012] 5 5
8 4
(a) (b) Odds Against & Odds in Favour of
15 15
TOPIC n an Event, Addition Theorem,
2 1 Boole's Inequality, Demorgan's Law
(c) (d)
15 15
16. The probabilities of three events A, B and C are given by
12. A number n is randomly selected from the set
P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.4 and P(C) = 0.5. If P (A È B) = 0.8, P
n
åi
2 (A Ç C) = 0.3, P (A Ç B Ç C) = 0.2, P (B Ç C) = b and
{1, 2, 3, ..... , 1000}. The probability that i =1 is an integer P (A È B È C) = a, where 0.85 £ a £ 0.95 , then b lies in
n
åi the interval: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
i =1 (a) [0.35, 0.36] (b) [0.25, 0.35]
is [Online May 12, 2012] (c) [0.20, 0.25] (d) [0.36, 0.40]
(a) 0.331 (b) 0.333 17. Let A and B be two events such that the probability that
(c) 0.334 (d) 0.332 2
exactly one of them occurs is and the probability that
13. Four numbers are chosen at random (without replacement) 5
from the set {1, 2, 3, ...20}. [2010]
1
Statement -1: The probability that the chosen numbers A or B occurs is , then the probability of both of them
2
1 occur together is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
when arranged in some order will form an AP is .
85 (a) 0.02 (b) 0.20
(c) 0.01 (d) 0.10

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M-246 Mathematics
18. In a class of 60 students, 40 opted for NCC, 30 opted for 23. If the events A and B are mutually exclusive events such
NSS and 20 opted for both NCC and NSS. If one of these 3x + 1 1- x
students is selected at random, then the probability that the that P(A) = and P(B) = , then the set of
3 4
student selected has opted neither for NCC nor for NSS is : possible values of x lies in the interval :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
1 1
(a) (b) é1 2 ù
6 3 (a) [0, 1] (b) ê , ú
ë3 3û
2 5
(c) (d) é 1 5ù é 7 4ù
3 6 (c) ê - , ú (d) ê - , ú
ë 3 9û ë 9 9û
For three events A, B and C,
19. 24. Let X and Y are two events such that

P(Exactly one of A or B occurs)
= P(Exactly one of B or C occurs) P ( X È Y ) = P ( X Ç Y ).
1
= P(Exactly one of C or A occurs) = and Statement 1: P ( X Ç Y ') = P ( X 'Ç Y ) = 0
4
Statement 2: P ( X ) + P (Y ) = 2P ( X Ç Y )
1
P(All the three events occur simultaneously) = .
16
Then the probability that at least one of the events [Online May 7, 2012]
occurs, is : [2017] (a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
3 7 (b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(a) (b)
16 32 not a correct explanation of Statement 1.
7 7 (c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(c) (d) (d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
16 64
20. From a group of 10 men and 5 women, four member a correct explanation of Statement 1.
committees are to be formed each of which must contain at 25. A die is thrown. Let A be the event that the number
least one woman. Then the probability for these committees obtained is greater than 3. Let B be the event that the
to have more women than men, is : number obtained is less than 5. Then P(AÈB) is [2008]
3
21 3 (a) (b) 0
(a) (b) 5
220 11
1 2 2
(c) (d) (c) 1 (d)
11 23 5
21. If 12 identical balls are to be placed in 3 identical boxes, 26. Events A, B, C are mutually exclusive events such that
then the probability that one of the boxes contains exactly 1 - 2x
3x + 1 1- x
3 balls is : (2015) P ( A) = , P( B) = and P (C ) = The set
12 11 3 4 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
(a) 220 ç ÷ (b) 22 ç ÷ of possible values of x are in the interval. [2003]
è 3ø è 3ø
55 æ 2 ö
11 10 é1 1 ù
æ 2ö (a) [0 , 1] (b) ê 3 , 2 ú
(c) ç ÷ (d) 55 ç ÷ ë û
3 è 3ø è 3ø
22. If A and B are two events such that é1 2 ù é 1 13 ù
(c) ê 3 , 3 ú (d) ê 3 , 3 ú
P ( A È B) = P ( A Ç B ) , then the incorrect statement ë û ë û
amongst the following statements is: 27. A and B are events such that P(A È B)=3/4, P(A Ç B)=1/4,
[Online April 9, 2014] P( A ) =2/3 then P ( A Ç B) is [2002]
(a) A and B are equally likely (a) 5/12 (b) 3/8
(b) P ( A Ç B¢ ) = 0 (c) 5/8 (d) 1/4
(c) P ( A¢ Ç B ) = 0
(d) P(A) + P(B) = 1

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Probability M-247
1. (c) For an A.P. 2b = a + c (even), so both a and c even 2 1

Hence, required probability = =
numbers or odd numbers from given numbers and b number C3 6 10
will be fixed automatically.
4. (2) Since total number of subsets of the set S = 220
6
C2 + 5 C2
25 5 20 ´ 21
Required probability = 11
= = Now, the sum of all number from 1 to 20 = = 210
C3 165 33 2
2. (Bonus) Total number of ways placing 10 different balls in Then, find the sets which has sum 7.
4 distinct boxes = 410 (1) {7}

Since, two of the 4 distinct boxes contains exactly 2 and 3 (2) {1, 6}
balls. (3) {2, 5}
Then, there are three cases to place exactly 2 and 3 balls in (4) {3, 4}
2 of the 4 boxes. (5) {1, 2, 4}
Case-1: When boxes contains balls in order 2, 3, 0, 5 Then, there is only 5 sets which has sum 203
Then, number of ways of placing the balls
5
10! Hence required probability =
= ´ 4! 220
2! ´ 3! ´ 0! ´ 5! 5. (d) Let the number of children in each family be x.
Case-2: When boxes contains ball in order 2, 3, 1, 4. Thus the total number of children in both the families are
Then, number of ways of placing the balls 2x
Now, it is given that 3 tickets are distributed amongst the
10!
= ´ 4! children of these two families.
2! ´ 3! ´1! ´ 4! Thus, the probability that all the three tickets go to the
Case-3: When boxes contains ball in order 2, 3, 2, 3 children in family B
Then, number of ways of placing the balls x
C3 1
10! = =
= ´ 4! 2x
C3 12
(2!)2 ´ (3!)2 ´ 2! ´ 3!
x ( x - 1) ( x - 2) 1
Therefore, number of ways of placing the balls that Þ =
contains exactly 2 and 3 balls. 2 x (2 x - 1) (2 x - 2) 12
=
10!
´ 4! +
10!
´ 4! ( x - 2) 1
Þ =
2! ´ 3! ´ 0! ´ 5! 2! ´ 3! ´1! ´ 4! (2 x - 1) 6
10! Þ x=5
+ ´ 4! Thus, the number of children in each family is 5.
(2!)2 ´ 2! ´ (3!)2 ´ 2! 6. (a) Probability of drawing a white ball and then a red ball
= 25 × 17 × 945 4
C1 ´ 2 C1 2
Hence, the required probability from bag B is given by 9
=
C2 9
25 ´ 17 ´ 945 17 ´ 945
= 10
= 15 Probability of drawing a white ball and then a red ball from
4 2
3. (1) Total no. of triangles = 6C3
2
C1 ´ 3C1
2
bag A is given by =
Favorable no. of triangle i.e, equilateral triangles (DAEC C2 7
7
and DBDF) = 2.
Hence, the probability of drawing a white ball and then a
E D
2
9 2´7 7
red ball from bag B = = =
2 2 18 + 14 16
F C +
7 9
7. (b) Favourable case = (6, 6, 6)

A B Total case = {(1, 1, 1) (2, 2, 1), (2, 2, 2), (2, 2, 3), (3, 3, 1) .....
(3, 3, 5) (4, 4, 1).... (4, 4, 6) (5, 5, 1).... (5, 5, 6)
(6, 6, 1).... (6, 6, 6)}

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M-248 Mathematics
which satisfies condition a + b > c Now the group of three students (student A, student B
Number of total case = 27 and a student in between A and B) and the remaining
1 3 students can be stand in a row in 4! ways.
Probability = Hence total number of ways to stand in a row such that
27
A and B are separated with one student in between them
( x - 10)( x - 50) = 4 × 2 × 4!
8. (a) Given ³0
( x - 30) Now total number of ways to stand 6 student stand in
a row without any restriction = 6!
Let x ³ 10, x ³ 50 equation will be true " x ³ 50
Hence required probability
æ x - 50 ö 4 ´ 2 ´ 4! 4 ´ 2 4
as ç ³ 0, " x Î[10, 30) = =
è x - 30 ÷ø =
6! 6 ´ 5 15
( x - 10)( x - 50)
³ 0 " x Î[10, 30) n
x - 30 å i2 n(n + 1)(2 n + 1)
Total value of x between 10 to 30 is 20. i =1 6 2n + 1
12. (c) = =
Total values of x between 50 to 100 including 50 and 100 n n(n + 1) 3
is 51. åi 2
i =1
Total values of x = 51 + 20 = 71
71 For n = 1, 2, 3, ......, 1000
P (A) = = 0.71
100
2n + 1 3 5 7 2001
9. (b) Let S = {x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7} Value of = , , ,........, respectively. Out
Let the chosen element be xi. 3 3 3 3 3
Total number of subsets of S = 27 = 128
No. of non-empty subsets of S = 128 – 1 = 127 of
3 5 7
, , ,........,
2001 æ3 ö
only first term ç = 1÷ , fourth
We need to find number of those subsets that contains xi. 3 3 3 3 è3 ø
2 2 2 2 1 2 2 æ9 ö æ 2001 ö
term ç = 3 ÷ , 667th term ç = 667 ÷ are integers.
x1 x2 ------- xi ---- x7 è 3 ø è 3 ø
For those subsets containing xi, each element has 2
choices. 2n + 1
Hence, out of 1000 values of ,
i.e., (included or not included) in subset, 3
However as the subset must contain xi, xi has only one
2n + 1
choice. (included one) total number of integral values of
So, total no. of subsets containing 3
xi = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 1 × 2 × 2 = 64 = 333 + 1 = 334
No. of subsets containing xi 334
Required prob = \ Required probability = = 0.334
Total no. of non-empty subsets 1000
13. (b) Four numbers are chosen from {1, 2, 3...20}
64
= n(S) = 20C4
127
Statement-1:
10. (b) Total possible event when one ball is taken out Common difference is 1; total number of ways = 17
= 3C1
common difference is 2; total number of ways = 14
Let E : The event of 1 white ball coming out
No. of ways to 1 white ball coming out
= 2C1
2
C1 2 common difference is 6; total number of ways = 2
\ P(E) = 3
=
C1 3
17 + 14 + 11 + 8 + 5 + 2 1
11. (b) Consider a group of three students A, B and an Prob. =
20
=
C4 85
other student in between A and B. Choice for a student
between A and B is 4. A and B can interchange their Statement -2 is false, because common difference can be 6
places in the group in 2 ways. also.

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Probability M-249
P (Exactly one of B or C occurs)

14. (a) n( S ) = 9 C3
1
n( E ) = 3C1 ´ 4 C1 ´ 2 C1 = P(B) + P (C) – 2P (B Ç C) = ...(2)
4
3´ 4´ 2 24 ´ 3! 24 ´ 6 2 P (Exactly one of C or A occurs)
Probability = = ´ 6! = =
9
C3 9! 9 ´8´ 7 7 1
= P(C) + P(A) – 2P (C Ç A) = ...(3)
15. (a) Let 5 horses are H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5. 4
Total ways of selecting pair of horses be Adding (1), (2) and (3),we get
3
= 5C2 = 10[i.e. H1H2 ,H1H3 , H1H4 , H1 H5 , 2SP(A) – 2SP (A Ç B) =
4
H 2H3 , H 2 H 4 , H 2H5 , H3H 4 , H3H5 , H 4H5 ] 3
\ SP(A) – SP (A Ç B) =
Any horse can win the race in 4 ways 8
(e.g. for H1 : H1H2, H1H3, H1H4, H1H5)

1
Now, P (A Ç B Ç C) =
4 2 16
Hence required probability = =
10 5 \ P (A È B È C)
= SP (A) – SP (A Ç B) + P (A Ç B Ç C)
16. (b) Q P ( A Ç B) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A È B )
3 1 7
= 1 – 0.8 = 0.2 = + =
Now, 8 16 16
20. (c) Probability of 4 member committee which contain
Q P ( A È B È C ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) + P (C ) - P ( A Ç B )
atleast one woman.
- P( B Ç C ) - P(C Ç A) + P ( A Ç B Ç C ) Þ P(3M, 1W) + P(2M, 2W) + P(1M, 3W) + P(0M, 4W)
Þ a = 0.6 + 0.4 + 0.5 - 0.2 - b - 0.3 + 0.2 10
C3 5 C1 10
C2 5C2 10
C1 5 C3 10
C0 5 C4
Þ + + +
Þ b = 1.2 - a 15
C4 15
C4 15
C4 15
C4
Q a Î[0.85, 0.95] then b Î[0.25, 0.35]
600 450 100 5
2 Þ + + +
17. (4) P(exactly one) = 1365 1365 1365 1365
5
1155
2 Þ
Þ P(A) + P(B) – 2P(A Ç B) = 1365
5
\ Probability of committees to have more women than
1
P(A or B) = P(A È B) = men.
2
1 P (1M,3W) + P ( 0M,4W)
Þ P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B) = =
2 P ( 3M,1W) + P ( 2M,2W) + P (1M,3W) + P ( 0M,4W)
1 2 5-4 1
\ P(A Ç B) = - = = = 0.10 105
2 5 10 10 1
1365
= =
18. (1) P = Set of students who opted for NCC 1155 11
Q = Set of Students who opted for NSS 1365
n(P) = 40, n(Q) = 30, n(P Ç Q) = 20 21. (c) Note:- The question should state ‘3 different’ boxes
n(P È Q) = n(P) + n(Q) – n(P Ç Q) instead of ‘3 identical boxes’ and one particular box has 3
= 40 + 30 – 20 balls. Then the solution would be:
= 50
12
50 C3 ´ 29
\ Hence, required probability = 1 - Required probability =
60 312
1 11
= 55 æ 2 ö
6 = ç ÷
19. (c) P (exactly one of A or B occurs) 3 è 3ø
1 22. (d) Let A and B be two events such that
= P(A) + P (B) – 2P (A Ç B) = ...(1) P(A È B) = P(A Ç B)
4

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M-250 Mathematics
and P(A È B) = P (A) + P (B) – P(A Ç B) \ A Ç B = {4}

option (a) : since P(A È B) = P(A Ç B) (given) 1
Þ P( A Ç B) =
therefore A and B are equally likely 6
Suppose option (b) and option (c) are correct. \ P(A È B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)
\ P(A Ç B¢ ) = 0 and P(A¢ Ç B) = 0 1 2 1 3 + 4 –1
= + – = =1
Þ P(A) - P(A Ç B) = 0 and P(B) - P(A Ç B) = 0 2 3 6 6
Þ P (A) = P(A Ç B) and P(B) = P(A Ç B) 3x + 1 1- x

26. (b) Given that P ( A) = , P( B) = and
3 4
Thus P(A) = P (B) = P(A Ç B) = P(A È B)
1 - 2x
[Q Given P(A Ç B) = P(A È B) ] P (C ) =
2
Also, we know
We know that 0 £ P ( E ) £ 1
P(A È B) = P(A) + P (B) – P(A Ç B)
Þ 0 £ 3x + 1 £ 1, ³ –1 £ 3 x £ 2
= P(A Ç B) + P(A Ç B) – P(A Ç B) 3
= P(A Ç B) 1 2
Þ - £x£ ...(i)
which is true from given condition 3 3
Hence, option (a), (b) and (c) are correct. 1- x
23. (c) Since events A and B are mutually exclusive 0£ £ 1 Þ -3 £ x £ 1 ...(ii)
4
\ P(A) + P(B) = 1
1 - 2x
3x + 1 1 - x and 0 £ £ 1 Þ -1 £ 2 x £ 1
Þ + =1 2
3 4 1 1
Þ 12x + 4 + 3 – 3x = 12 Þ- £x£ ...(iii)
2 2
5 Also for mutually exclusive events A, B, C,
Þ 9x = 5 Þ x =
9 P ( A È B È C ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) + P ( C )
é 1 5ù 3x + 1 1 - x 1 - 2 x
\ x Î ê- , ú Þ P( A È B È C) = + +
ë 3 9û 3 4 2
24. (b) Let X and Y be two events such that 1 + 3x 1 - x 1 - 2 x
\ 0£ + + £1
P ( X ÈY ) = P ( X ÇY ) ...(1) 3 4 2
We know 0 £ 13 - 3x £ 12 Þ 1 £ 3x £ 13
P ( X È Y ) = P ( X ) + P (Y ) - P ( X Ç Y ) 1
Þ £x£
13
...(iv)
3 3
P ( X Ç Y ) = P ( X ) + P (Y ) - P ( X Ç Y ) (from (1) From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
Þ P ( X ) + P (Y ) = 2 P ( X Ç Y ) 1 1 é1 1 ù
£ x £ Þ xÎê , ú
Hence, Statement - 2 is true.
3 2 ë3 2 û
27. (a) We know that P (A È B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A Ç B)
Now, P ( X Ç Y ') = P ( X ) - P ( X Ç Y )
3 1
Þ éëQ P ( A) = 1 - P( A)ùû
and P ( X 'Ç Y ) = P (Y ) - P ( X Ç Y )
=1 – P( A ) + P(B) –
4 4
This implies statement-1 is also true. 2 2
25. (c) A (number is greater than 3) = {4, 5, 6} Þ 1=1– + P(B) Þ P(B) = ;
3 3
3 1 Now, P( A Ç B ) = P(B) – P ( A Ç B )
Þ P( A) = =
6 2 2 1 5
= – = .
4 2 3 4 12
B (number is less than 5) = {1, 2, 3, 4} Þ P( B) = =
6 3

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16
Relations and
Functions
Types of Relations, Inverse of a (a) not inective

Relation, Mappings, Mapping of (b) neither inective nor surective
TOPIC Ć Functions, Kinds of Mapping of (c) surective but not inective
Functions (d) inective but not surective
1. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Then the number of é 1 1ù x
6. The function f : R ® ê - , ú defined as f(x) = , is :
elements in the set C = { f : A ® B | 2 Î f ( A) and f is not ë 2 2û 1 + x2
one-one} is ___________. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] [2017]
f : ( 0, ¥ ) ® ( 0, ¥ ) be defined by
(a) neither inective nor surective
2. Let a function
(b) invertible
1 (c) inective but not surective
f ( x) = 1- . Then f is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
x (d) surective but not inective
(a) not inective but it is surective éx ù
7. The function f : N ® N defined by f ( x ) = x - 5 ê ú , where
(b) inective only ë5û
(c) neither inective nor surective N is set of natural numbers and [x] denotes the greatest
(d) both inective as well as surective integer less than or equal to x, is :
3. The number of functions f from {1, 2, 3, ..., 20} onto [Online April 9, 2017]
{1, 2, 3, ...., 20} such that f (k) is a multiple of 3, whenever k (a) one-one and onto.
is a multiple of 4 is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
5
(b) one-one but not onto.
(a) 6 × (15)! (b) 5! × 6!
(c) onto but not one-one.
(c) (15)! × 6! (d) 56 × 15
(d) neither one-one nor onto.
4. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two functions
8. Let A = {x1, x2, ........., x7} and B = {y1, y2, y3} be two sets
f and g be defined as f, g : N ® N such that
containing seven and three distinct elements respectively.
ì n +1 Then the total number of functions f : A ® B that are
ïï if n is odd
onto, if there exist exactly three elements x in A such that
f (n) = í 2
ï n f(x) = y2, is equal to : (Online April 11, 2015)
if n is even
ïî 2
(a) 14.7C3 (b) 16.7C3 (c) 14.7C2 (d) 12.7C2
n
and g(n) = n – (– 1) . Then fog is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] x -1
(a) onto but not one-one. 9. Let f : R ® R be defined by f(x) = x + 1 then f is:
(b) one-one but not onto.
(c) both one-one and onto. [Online April 19, 2014]
(d) neither one-one nor onto. (a) both one-one and onto
5. Let A = {xÎR : x is not a positive integer}. Define a func- (b) one-one but not onto
(c) onto but not one-one
2x
tion f: A ® R as f(x) = , then f is:[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] (d) neither one-one nor onto.
x -1

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M-252 Mathematics
10. Let P be the relation defined on the set of all real numbers 17. Consider the following relations:
such that R = {(x, y) | x, y are real numbers and x = wy for some
P = {(a, b) : sec2a – tan2b = 1}. Then P is: æ m pö
[Online April 9, 2014] rational number w}; S = {ç , ÷ | m,n, p and q are
è n qø
(a) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
integers such that n, q ¹ 0 and qm = pn}.
(b) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
Then [2010]
(c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.
(a) Neither R nor S is an equivalence relation
(d) an equivalence relation.
(b) S is an equivalence relation but R is not an equivalence
11. Let R = {(x, y) : x, y Î N and x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0}, where N relation
is the set of all natural numbers. Then the relation R is : (c) R and S both are equivalence relations
[Online April 23, 2013] (d) R is an equivalence relation but S is not an equivalence
(a) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive. relation

(b) symmetric and transitive. 18. Let R be the real line. Consider the following subsets of
(c) reflexive and symmetric, the plane R × R:
(d) reflexive and transitive. S ={(x, y): y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 2}
12. Let R = {(3, 3) (5, 5), (9, 9), (12, 12), (5, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 5)} T ={(x, y): x – y is an integer},
be a relation on the set A = {3, 5, 9, 12}. Then, R is : Which one of the following is true? [2008]
[Online April 22, 2013] (a) Neither S nor T is an equivalence relation on R
(a) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive. (b) Both S and T are equivalence relation on R
(b) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive. (c) S is an equivalence relation on R but T is not
(c) an equivalence relation. (d) T is an equivalence relation on R but S is not
(d) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric. 19. Let W denote the words in the English dictionary. Define
the relation R by R = {(x, y) Î W × W| the words x and y
13. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R : A ® A be the relation defined have at least one letter in common.} Then R is [2006]
by R = {(l, 1), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2)}. The correct statement is : (a) not reflexive, symmetric and transitive
[Online April 9, 2013] (b) relexive, symmetric and not transitive
(a) R does not have an inverse. (c) reflexive, symmetric and transitive
(b) R is not a one to one function. (d) reflexive, not symmetric and transitive
(c) R is an onto function. 20. Let R = {(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), (6, 12), (3, 9),
(d) R is not a function. (3, 12), (3, 6)} be a relation on the set
14. If P(S) denotes the set of all subsets of a given set S, then A = {3, 6, 9, 12}. The relation is [2005]
the number of one-to-one functions from the set (a) reflexive and transitive only
S = {1, 2, 3} to the set P(S) is [Online May 19, 2012] (b) reflexive only
(a) 24 (b) 8 (c) 336 (d) 320 (c) an equivalence relation
(d) reflexive and symmetric only
15. If A = {x Î z + : x < 10 and x is a multiple of 3 or 4}, where
21. Let f : (– 1, 1) ® B, be a function defined by
z+ is the set of positive integers, then the total number of
symmetric relations on A is [Online May 12, 2012] -1 2x
f (x) = tan , then f is both one - one and onto when
(a) 25 (b) 215 (c) 210 (d) 220 1 - x2
16. Let R be the set of real numbers. [2011] B is the interval [2005]
Statement-1: A = {(x, y) Î R × R : y – x is an integer} is an æ pö é pö
equivalence relation on R. (a) ç 0, ÷ (b) ê0, ÷
è 2ø ë 2ø
Statement-2: B = {(x, y) Î R × R : x = ay for some rational
number a} is an equivalence relation on R. æ p pö
(c) éê- p , p ùú (d) ç - , ÷
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is ë 2 2û è 2 2ø
not a correct explanation for Statement-1. 22. Let R = {(1,3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3,1)} be a relation on the
set A = {1, 2,3, 4}. . The relation R is [2004]
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is (a) reflexive (b) transitive
a correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) not symmetric (d) a function

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23. If f : R ® S , defined by f ( x) = sin x - 3 cos x + 1, is æ 3ö 1- x2

28. For x Î ç 0, ÷ , let f(x) = x , g(x) = tan x and h(x) = .
onto, then the interval of S is [2004] è 2ø 1 + x2
(a) [ –1, 3] (b) [–1, 1] (c) [ 0, 1] (d) [0, 3] æpö
If f (x) = ((hof)og) (x), then f ç ÷ is equal to :
24. A function f from the set of natural numbers to integers è3ø
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
defined by [2003]
p 11p 7p 5p
(a) tan (b) tan (c) tan (d) tan
ìn -1 12 12 12 12
ïï 2 , when n is odd 29. Let f ( x) = x 2 , x Î R . For any A Í R , define g(A) =
f (n) = í is
ï - n , when n is even {x Î R : f ( x) Î A} . If S = [0, 4], then which one of the
ïî 2
following statements is not true ? [April 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) neither one -one nor onto (a) g (f (S)) ¹ S (b) f (g (S)) = S
(b) one-one but not onto (c) g (f (S)) = g (S) (d) f (g (S)) ¹ f (S)
(c) onto but not one-one 1
30. For xÎ R – {0, 1}, let f1 (x) = , f (x) = 1 – x and
(d) one-one and onto both. x 2
1
f3 (x) = be three given functions. If a function, J(x)
Composite Functions & Relations, 1- x
TOPIC n Inverse of a Function, Binary satisfies (f2oJof1) (x) = f3(x) then J(x) is equal to:
Operations
[Jan. 09, 2019 (I)]
1
(a) f3 (x) (b) f (x) (c) f2 (x) (d) f1 (x)
82 x - 8-2 x x 3
25. The inverse function of f ( x) = 2 x -2 x , x Î(-1,1), is
8 +8 31. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers. Define two
________. [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] binary relations on N as R1 = {(x, y) Î N × N : 2x + y = 10}
and R2 = {(x, y) Î N × N : x + 2y = 10}. Then
1 æ 1+ x ö 1 æ 1- x ö [Online April 16, 2018]
loge ç (log8 e)log e ç
(a)
4 è 1 - x ø÷ (b)
4 è 1 + x ø÷ (a) Both R1 and R2 are transitive relations
(b) Both R1 and R2 are symmetric relations
1 æ 1- x ö 1 æ 1+ x ö (c) Range of R2 is {1, 2, 3, 4}
loge ç (log8 e)log e ç
(c)
4 è 1 + x ÷ø (d)
4 è 1 - x ÷ø (d) Range of R1 is {2, 4, 8}
32. Consider the following two binary relations on the set
A = {a, b, c} : R1 = {(c, a) (b, b) , (a, c), (c, c), (b, c), (a, a)}
æ 5ö and R2 = {(a, b), (b, a), (c, c), (c, a), (a, a), (b, b), (a, c). Then
26. If g(x) = x2 + x – 1 and (gof) (x) = 4x2 – 10x + 5, then f çè ÷ø [Online April 15, 2018]
4
(a) R2 is symmetric but it is not transitive
is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(b) Both R1 and R2 are transitive
3 1 1 3 (c) Both R1 and R2 are not symmetric
(a) (b) - (c) (d) - (d) R1 is not symmetric but it is transitive
2 2 2 2
27. For a suitably chosen real constant a, let a function, x -1
33. Let f : A ® B be a function defined as f (x) = , where
x-2
a-x
f : R –{– a}® R be defined by f (x) = . Further sup- A = R – {2} and B = R – {1}. Then f is
a+x
pose that for any real number x ¹ – a and f (x) ¹ – a,
2y +1
(a) invertible and f –1 (y) =
æ 1ö y -1
( fof ) (x) = x. Then f ç - ÷ is equal to:
è 2ø 3y - 1
(b) invertible and f –1 (y) =
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] y -1
(c) no invertible
1 1
(a) (b) - (c) – 3 (d) 3 2y -1
3 3 (d) invertible and f –1 (y) =
y -1

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M-254 Mathematics
34. Let f (x) = 210·x + 1 and g(x) = 310·x – 1. If (fog)(x)=x, then 38. Let f be a function defined by
x is equal to : [Online April 8, 2017]
f ( x) = ( x -1) +1, ( x ³1) .
2
[2011RS]
310 - 1 210 - 1
{ }
(a) (b)
310 - 2 -10 210 - 3-10 Statement - 1 : The set x : f ( x ) = f ( x ) = {1, 2} .
-1
-10 -10
1- 3 1- 2 Statement - 2 : f is a biection and
(c) (d)
210 - 3-10 310 - 2 -10
f -1 ( x ) = 1 + x - 1, x ³ 1.
1
35. For x Î R, x ¹ 0 , let f0(x) = and fn+1 (x) = f0(fn(x)), (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
1- x a correct explanation for Statement-1.
æ 2ö æ 3ö (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
n = 0, 1, 2, .... Then the value of f100(3) + f1 çè ÷ø + f 2 çè ÷ø is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
3 2
equal to : [Online April 9, 2016] (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.

8 4 5 1 (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3 39. Let f(x) = ( x + 1)2 –1, x ³ –1
1
36. If g is the inverse of a function f and f ' ( x ) = , then Statement -1 : The set {x : f(x) = f –1(x) = {0, –1}
1+ x 5
Statement-2 : f is a biection. [2009]
g ¢ ( x ) is equal to: [2014] (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 is
1
(b) 1 + { g ( x )}
5 (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(a)
1 + { g ( x )}
5
(c) 1 + x5 (d) 5x4 (d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 is
37. Let A and B be non empty sets in R and f : A ® B is a a correct explanation for Statement-1.
biective function. [Online May 26, 2012] 40. Let f: N®Y be a function defined as f(x) = 4x + 3 where
Statement 1: f is an onto function. Y = {y Î N : y = 4x + 3 for some x Î N}.
Statement 2: There exists a function g : B ® A such that Show that f is invertible and its inverse is [2008]
fog = IB.
3y + 4 y+3
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. (a) g ( y ) = (b) g ( y ) = 4 +
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is 3 4
a correct explanation for Statement 1. y+3 y –3
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (c) g ( y ) = (d) g ( y ) =
4 4
not the correct explanation for Statement 1.

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1. (19.00)
ì1, n =1
The desired functions will contain either one element or ï1, n=2
two elements in its codomain of which '2' always belongs ï
to f (A). ï 2, n=3
\ The set B can be {2}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}, {2, 4} ï
ï 2, n=4
Total number of functions = 1 + (23 – 2)3 = 19. ï
í3, n=5
(Bonus) f : (0, ฀) ® (0, ฀) ï3,
2. n=6
f(g(n)) = ï
1 ï: :
f (x) = 1 – is not a function ï: :
x ï
ïî: :
Q f (1) = 0 and 1 Î domain but 0 Ï co-domain
Þ fog is onto but not one - one
Hence, f (x) is not a function.
5. (d) As A = {x Î R : x is not a positive integer}
3. (c) Domain and codomain = {1, 2, 3, ¼, 20}.
2x
There are five multiple of 4 as 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. A function f : A ® R given by f(x) =
x -1
and there are 6 multiple of 3 as 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18. f(x1) = f(x2) Û x1 = x2
Since, when ever k is multiple of 4 then f(k) is multiple of 3 So, f is one-one.
then total number of arrangement As f(x) ¹ 2 for any x Î A Þ f is not onto.
Hence f is inective but not surective.
= 6c5 × 5! = 6!
é 1 1ù
Remaining 15 elements can be arranged in 15! ways. 6. (d) We have f : R ® ê - , ú ,
ë 2 2û
Since, for every input, there is an output
x
Þ function f (k) in onto f (x) = "x Î R
1 + x2
\ Total number of arrangement = 15! . 6!
(1 + x 2 ).1 - x.2x -(x + 1)(x - 1)
Þ f ¢(x) = 2 2
=
ì n +1 (1 + x ) (1 + x 2 ) 2
ïï 2 , if n is odd – + –
4. (a) f(n) = íï n
, if n is even
ïî 2 x = –1 x=1
sign of f ¢ (x)
Þ f ¢ (x) changes sign in different intervals.
ì 2, n = 1 \ Not inective
ï1, n = 2
ï x
ï 4, n = 3 Now y =
í 1 + x2
g(n) = ï3, n = 4 Þ y + yx2 = x
ï6, n = 5
ï Þ yx2 – x + y = 0
î5, n = 6 For y ¹ 0, D = 1 – 4y2 ³ 0
Then, é -1 1 ù
Þ y Î ê , ú - {0}
ë 2 2û
ì g ( n) + 1
ïï 2 , if g ( n) is odd For y = 0 Þ x = 0
f(g(n)) = íï g (n) é -1 1 ù
, if g ( n) is even \ Range is ê , ú
ïî 2 ë 2 2û
Þ Surective but not inective

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M-256 Mathematics
11. (d) R = {(x, y) : x, y Î N and x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0}

7. (d) f (1) = 1 - 5 [1 5] = 1 üï
ý ® Many one Now, x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0
f ( 6 ) = 6 - 5 [6 5] = 1ïþ Þ (x – y) (x – 3y) = 0
f (10) = 10 – 5(2) = 0 which is not in co–domain. \ x = y or x = 3y
Neither one–one nor onto. \ R = {(1, 1), (3, 1), (2, 2), (6, 2), (3, 3),
(9, 3),......}
8. (a) Number of onto function such that exactly three
1 Since (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3),...... are present in the relation,
elements in x Î A such that f(x) = is equal to therefore R is reflexive.
2
= 7C3, {24 – 2} = 14. 7C3 Since (3, 1) is an element of R but (1, 3) is not the element of
R, therefore R is not symmetric
x -1
9. (c) f ( x) = Here (3, 1) Î R and (1, 1) Î R Þ (3, 1) Î R
x +1
(6, 2) Î R and (2, 2) Î R Þ (6, 2) Î R
for one-one function if f (x1) = f (x2) then For all such (a, b) Î R and (b, c) Î R
x1 must be equal to x2 Þ (a, c) Î R
Let f (x1) = f (x2) Hence R is transitive.
x1 - 1 x2 - 1 12. (d) Let R = {(3, 3), (5, 5), (9, 9), (12, 12), (5, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12),
=
x1 + 1 x2 + 1 (3, 5)} be a relation on set
A = {3, 5, 9, 12}
x1 x2 + x1 - x2 - 1 = x1 x2 - x1 + x2 - 1 Clearly, every element of A is related to itself.
Þ x1 - x2 = x2 - x1 Therefore, it is a reflexive.
Now, R is not symmetry because 3 is related to 5 but 5 is
2 x1 = 2 x2
not related to 3.
x1 = x2 Also R is transitive relation because it satisfies the property
x1 = x2 , x1 = – x2 that if a R b and b R c then a R c.
here x1 has two values therefore function is many one 13. (c) Domain = {1, 2, 3, 4}
function. Range = {1, 2, 3, 4}
x -1 \ Domain = Range
For onto : f ( x ) = Hence the relation R is onto function.
x +1
14. (c) Let S = {1, 2, 3} Þ n(S) = 3
for every value of f (x) there is a value of x in domain
set. Now, P (S) = set of all subsets of S
If f (x) is negative then x = 0 total no. of subsets = 23 = 8
for all positive value of f (x), domain contain atleast one \ n[P(S)] = 8
element. Hence f (x) is onto function. Now, number of one-to-one functions from S ® P(S) is
10. (d) P = {( a, b) : sec 2 a - tan 2 b = 1} 8!

8P =
3 = 8 × 7 × 6 = 336.
5!
For reflexive :
15. (b) A relation on a set A is said to be symmetric iff
sec 2 a - tan 2 a = 1 (true " a)
(a, b) Î A Þ (b, a) Î A, " a, b Î A
For symmetric :
sec2 b – tan2 a = 1 Here A = {3, 4, 6,8,9}
L.H.S Number of order pairs of A ´ A = 5 ´ 5 = 25
1 + tan 2 b - (sec 2 a - 1) = 1 + tan 2 b - sec 2 a + 1 Divide 25 order pairs of A × A in 3 parts as follows :
= – (sec2 a – tan2b) + 2 Part – A : (3, 3), (4, 4), (6, 6), (8, 8), (9, 9)
= – 1 +2 = 1 Par t – B : (3, 4), (3, 6), (3, 8), (3, 9), (4, 6),
So, Relation is symmetric (4, 8),(4, 9), (6, 8), (6, 9), (8, 9)
For transitive : Part – C : (4, 3), (6, 3), (8, 3),(9, 3), (6, 4), (8, 4), (9, 4),
if sec2 a – tan2 b = 1 and sec2 b – tan2 c = 1 (8, 6), (9, 6), (9, 8)
sec2 a – tan2 c = (1 + tan2 b) – (sec2 b – 1) In part – A, both components of each order pair are same.
= –sec2b + tan2b + 2 In part – B, both components are different but not two
=–1+2=1 such order pairs are present in which first component of
one order pair is the second component of another order
So, Relation is transitive.
pair and vice-versa.
Hence, Relation P is an equivalence relation

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In part–C, only reverse of the order pairs of part –B are So, S is not reflexive.
present i.e., if (a, b) is present in part – B, then (b, a) will be Hence, S in not an equivalence relation.
present in part –C Given T ={x, y): x – y is an integer}
For example (3, 4) is present in part – B and (4, 3) present in Q x – x = 0 is an integer, " x Î R
part –C. So, T is reflexive.
Number of order pair in A, B and C are 5, 10 and 10 Let (x, y) Î T Þ x – y is an integer then
respectively. y – x is also an integer Þ (y, x) Î R
In any symmetric relation on set A, if any order pair of part \T is symmetric
–B is present then its reverse order pair of
If x – y is an integer and y – z is an integer then
part –C will must be also present.
(x – y) + (y– z) = x – z is also an integer.
Hence number of symmetric relation on set A is equal to
\ T is transitive
the number of all relations on a set D, which contains all
Hence T is an equivalence relation.
the order pairs of part –A and part– B.

Now n(D) = n(A) + n(B) = 5 + 10 = 15 19. (b) Clearly ( x, x) Î R, "x ÎW
Hence number of all relations on set D = (2)15 Q All letter are common in some word. So R is reflexive.
Þ Number of symmetric relations on set D = (2)15 Let ( x, y ) Î R , then ( y , x) Î R as x and y have at least one
16. (a) Q x – x = 0 Î I (\ R is reflexive) letter in common. So, R is symmetric.
Let (x, y) Î R as x – y and y – x Î I (Q R is symmetric) But R is not transitive for example
Now x – y Î I and y – z Î I Þ x – z Î I Let x = BOY, y = TOY and z = THREE
So, R is transative.
then ( x, y ) Î R (O, Y are common) and (y, z) Î R (T is
Hence R is equivalence.
common) but (x, z) Ï R. (as no letter is common)
Similarly as x = ay for a = 1. B is reflexive symmetric and
20. (a) R is reflexive and transitive only.
transative. Hence B is equivalence.
Here (3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12) Î R [So, reflexive]
Both relations are equivalence but not the correct
explanation. (3, 6), (6, 12), (3, 12) Î R [So, transitive].
17. (b) Let x R y. Q (3, 6) Î R but (6, 3) Ï R [So, non-symmetric]
x æ 2x ö
Þx = wy Þy= 21. (d) Given f (x) = tan -1 ç = 2tan–1x
w è 1 - x 2 ÷ø
Þ (y, x) Ï R
R is not symmetric for x Î (-1, 1)
m p æ -p p ö
Let S : S If x Î( -1, 1) Þ tan -1 x Î ç
è 4 4 ÷ø
,
n q
p m
Þ qm = pn Þ =
æ -p p ö
q n Þ 2 tan -1 x Î ç
è 2 2 ÷ø
,
m m
Q = \ reflexive.
n n æ p pö
Clearly, range of f (x) = ç - , ÷
m p p m è 2 2ø
= Þ q = n \ symmetric
n q
For f to be onto, codomain = range
m p p r
Let S , S æ p pö
n q q s \ Co-domain of function = B = ç - , ÷ .
è 2 2ø
Þ qm = pn, ps = rq
22. (c) Q (1, 1) Ï R Þ R is not reflexive
p m r
Þ = = Q (2, 3) Î R but (3, 2) Ï R
q n s \ R is not symmetric
Þ ms = rn transitive. Q (4, 2) and (2, 4) Î R but (4, 4) Ï R
S is an equivalence relation. Þ R is not transitive
18. (d) Given that
23. (a) Given that f ( x) is onto
S = {(x , y) : y = x + 1 and 0 < x < 2}
Q x ¹ x + 1 for any x Î(0, 2) \ range of f (x) = codomain = S
Þ (x, x) Ï S

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M-258 Mathematics
26. (b) (gof) (x) = g(f(x)) = f 2(x) + f(x) – 1

Now, f (x) = sin x - 3cos x + 1
2
æ pö æ æ 5 öö æ5ö 5 5
= 2sin ç x - ÷ + 1 g ç f ç ÷ ÷ = 4 ç ÷ - 10. + 5 = -
è 3ø è è øø
4 è ø
4 4 4
[Q g(f(x)) = 4x2 – 10x +5]
æ pö
we know that -1 £ sin ç x - ÷ £ 1
è 3ø æ æ 5 öö æ5ö æ5ö
g ç f ç ÷ ÷ = f 2 ç ÷ + f ç ÷ -1
è è øø
4 è ø
4 è4ø
æ pö
-1 £ 2sin ç x - ÷ + 1 £ 3 \ f ( x) Î[ -1, 3] = S
è 3ø 5 æ5ö æ5ö
- = f 2ç ÷+ f ç ÷ -1
4 è4ø è4ø
24. (d) We have f : N ® I
æ5ö æ5ö 1
Let x and y are two even natural numbers,

f 2ç ÷+ f ç ÷+ =0
-x - y è ø
4 è4ø 4
and f ( x) = f ( y ) Þ = Þx=y
2 2 2
æ æ5ö 1ö
\ f (n) is one-one for even natural number. ç f ç ÷+ ÷ =0
Let x and y are two odd natural numbers and è è4ø 2ø
x -1 y - 1 æ5ö
f ( x) = f ( y) Þ
1
= Þx=y tç ÷ =-
2 2 è ø
4 2
\ f (n) is one-one for odd natural number.
Hence f is one-one. æ a - xö
a-ç
è a + x ÷ø
n –1 27. (d) f ( f ( x )) = =x
Let y = Þ 2 y +1 = n æ a - xö
a+ç
è a + x ÷ø
2
This shows that n is always odd number for y Î I.
..........(i) a - ax a(1 - x ) a - x
Þ = f ( x) Þ = Þ a =1
–n 1+ x 1+ x a+ x
and y = Þ –2 y = n
2 1- x æ 1ö
This shows that n is always even number for y Î I. \ f ( x) = Þ f ç- ÷ = 3
1+ x è 2ø
..........(ii)
28. (b) Q f (x) = (( hof ) og)(x)
From (i) and (ii)
Range of f = I = codomain æpö æ æ æ p öö ö
\ f is onto. Q f ç 3 ÷ = h ç f ç g ç 3 ÷ ÷ ÷ = h( f ( 3)) = h(31/4 )
è ø è è è øøø
Hence f is one one and onto both.
1- 3 1
= = - (1 + 3 - 2 3) = 3 - 2 = -(- 3 + 2)
82 x - 8-2 x 1+ 3 2
25. (a) y = 2x
8 + 8-2 x
æ pö 11p
= – tan 15 = tan (180 – 15 ) = tan ç p - ÷ = tan
1+ y 8 2x 1+ y è 12 ø 12
= Þ 84 x =
1 - y 8-2 x 1- y 29. (c) f (x) = x2 ; x Î R
g (A) = {x Î R : f (x) Î A} S = [0, 4]
æ1+ y ö g (S) = {x Î R : f (x) Î S}
Þ 4 x = log8 ç ÷
è1- y ø = {x Î R : 0 £ x2 £ 4} = {x Î R : – 2 £ x £ 2}
\ g (S) ¹ S \ f (g (S)) ¹ f (S)
1 æ 1+ y ö g (f (S)) = {x Î R : f (x) Î f (S)}
Þ x = log 8 ç ÷
4 è1- y ø = {x Î R : x2 Î S2} = {x Î R : 0 £ x2 £ 16}
= {x Î R : – 4 £ x £ 4}
1 æ1+ x ö
\ f -1( x) = log8 ç ÷ \ g (f (S)) ¹ g (S)
4 è 1- x ø
\ g (f (S)) = g (S) is incorrect.

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30. (a) The given relation is Now, for R2 , (b, a) Î R2, (a, c) Î R2 but (b, c) Ï R2.
1 Similarly, for R1 , (b, c) Î R1, (c, a) Î R1 but (b, a) Ï R1.
(f2o Jo f1) (x) = f3(x) = Therefore, neither R1 nor R2 is transitive.
1- x
33. (d) Suppose y = f (x)
1
Þ (f2oJ) (f1(x)) = x -1
1- x Þ y=
x-2
1
Þ yx – 2y = x – 1
1 x
= Þ (y – 1) x = 2y – 1
æ 1ö 1 1 é 1ù
Þ (f2o J) çè ÷ø = 1 - 1 -1 êëQ f1 ( x ) = x úû 2y -1
x x
Þ x = f –1 (y) =
x y -1
As the function is invertible on the given domain and its

x é1 ù
Þ (f2o J)(x) = êë x is replaced by x úû inverse can be obtained as above.
x -1 34. (d) f (g(x)) = x
x Þ f (310x – 1) = 210 (310 . x – 1) + 1 = x
Þ f2 (J(x)) =
x -1 Þ 210 (310x – 1) + 1 = x
Þ x (610 – 1) = 210 – 1
x
Þ 1 – J(x) = [Q f2(x) = 1 – x]
x -1 210 - 1 1- 2-10
Þ x= =
x 1 610 - 1 310 - 2-10
\ J(x) = 1 - = = f 3 ( x)
x -1 1- x 1 x -1
31. (c) Here, 35. (c) f1 (x) = f0 + 1 (x) = f0 (f0 (x)) = =
1 x
R1 = {(x, y) Î N × N : 2x + y = 10} and 1-
1- x
R2 = {(x, y) Î N × N : x + 2y = 10}
For R1; 2x + y = 10 and x, y Î N 1
f2 (x) = f1 + 1 (x) = f0 (f1 (x)) = =x
So, possible values for x and y are: x -1
1-
x = 1, y = 8 i.e. (1, 8); x
x = 2, y = 6 i.e. (2, 6);
1
x = 3, y = 4 i.e. (3, 4) and f3 (x) = f2 + 1 (x) = f0 (f2 (x)) = f0 (x) =
1- x
x = 4, y = 2 i.e. (4, 2).
R1 = {(1, 8), (2, 6), (3, 4), (4, 2)} x -1
f4 (x) = f3 + 1 (x) = f0 (f3 (x)) =
Therefore, Range of R1 is {2, 4, 6, 8} x
R1 is not symmetric
1
Also, R1 is not transitive because (3, 4), (4, 2) Î R1 but \ f0 = f3 = f6 = .......... =
(3, 2) Ï R1 1- x
Thus, options A, B and D are incorrect. x -1
For R2; x + 2y = 10 and x, y Î N f1 = f4 = f7 = .......... =
x
So, possible values for x and y are: f2 = f5 = f8 = .......... = x
x = 8, y = 1 i.e. (8, 1);
x = 6, y = 2 i.e. (6, 2); 2
3 -1 2 æ 2 ö 3 - 1 1
x = 4, y = 3 i.e. (4, 3) and f100 (3) = = f1 ç ÷ = =-
x = 2, y = 4 i.e. (2, 4) 3 3 è 3ø 2 2
R2 = {(8, 1), (6, 2), (4, 3), (2, 4)} 3
Therefore, Range of R2 is {1, 2, 3, 4}
æ 3ö 3
R2 is not symmetric and transitive. f2 ç ÷ =
è 2ø 2
32. (a) Both R1 and R2 are symmetric as
For any (x, y) Î R1, we have æ 3ö
æ 2ö 5
(y, x) Î R1 and similarly for R2 \ f100 (3) + f1 ç ÷ + f2 ç ÷=
è 3ø è ø
2 3

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M-260 Mathematics
36. (b) Since f (x) and g(x) are inverse of each other Now f ( x ) = f -1 ( x )
Þ f ( x ) = x Þ ( x - 1) + 1 = x
1 2
\ g'( f (x)) =
f '( x )
Þ x 2 - 3 x + 2 = 0 Þ x = 1, 2
æ 1 ö Hence statement-1 is correct
Þ g '( f ( x)) = 1 + x5 çèQ f ¢ ( x) = ÷
1 + x5 ø 39. (d) Given that f (x) = (x + 1)2 –1, x ³ –1
Here x = g(y) Clearly Df = [–1, ¥ ) but co-domain is not given. Therefore
f (x) is onto.
g ¢( y ) = 1 + [ g ( y )]
5
\ Let f (x1) = f (x2)
Þ (x1 + 1)2 – 1 = (x2 + 1)2 – 1
Þ g ¢ ( x ) = 1 + ( g ( x) ) 5 Þ x1 = x2
37. (d) Let A and B be non-empty sets in R. \ f (x) is one-one, hence f (x) is biection
Let f : A ® B is biective function. Q (x + 1) being something +ve, " x > –1
\ f –1(x) will exist.
Clearly statement - 1 is true which says that f is an onto
Let (x + 1)2 –1 = y
function.
Statement - 2 is also true statement but it is not the Þ x +1 = y +1 (+ve square root as x +1 ³ 0 )
correct explanation for statement-1
Þ x =–1+ y +1
38. (a) Given f is a biective function
Þ f –1 (x) = x +1 –1
\ f :[1, ¥) ® [1, ¥)
Then f (x) = f –1 (x)
f ( x ) = ( x - 1) + 1, x ³ 1
2
Þ (x + 1)2 – 1 = x +1 –1
Let y = ( x - 1) + 1 Þ ( x - 1) = y - 1
2 2 Þ (x + 1)2 = x + 1 Þ (x + 1)4 = (x + 1)
Þ (x + 1) [ (x + 1)3 – 1] = 0 Þ x = – 1, 0
Þ x = 1± y - 1 Þ f -1 ( y ) = 1 ± y - 1 \ The statement-1 and statement-2 both are true.
40. (d) Clearly f (x) = 4x + 3 is one one and onto, so it is
Þ f -1 ( x ) = 1 + x - 1 {\ x ³ 1} invertible.
Hence statement-2 is correct Let f (x) = 4x + 3 = y
y –3 y –3
Þx= \ g ( y) =
4 4

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions M-261
17
Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
Trigometric Functions & Their 6. The largest interval lying in æç -p , p ö÷ for which the
Inverses, Domain & Range of Inverse è 2 2ø
Trigonometric Functions, Principal 2 æx ö
TOPIC Ć Value of Inverse Trigonometric function, f ( x ) = 4- x + cos -1 ç - 1÷ + log (cos x) , is defined, is
è2 ø
Functions, Intervals for Inverse
Trigonometric Functions [2007]
p
(a) é - p , p ö (b) êé 0, ÷ö
æ 3ö æ1ö p ê 4 2÷ ë 2ø
1. If a = cos–1 ç ÷ , b = tan–1 ç ÷ , where 0 < a, b < , then ë ø
è5ø è3ø 2
p p
a – b is equal to : [April 8, 2019 (I)] (c) [0, p] (d) æç - , ö÷
è 2 2ø
æ 9 ö æ 9 ö
(a) tan–1 ç ÷ (b) cos–1 ç ÷
è 5 10 ø è 5 10 ø sin -1 ( x - 3)
7. The domain of the function f ( x) = is
9 - x2
æ 9ö æ 9 ö
(c) tan–1 ç ÷ (d) sin–1 ç ÷ (a) [1, 2] (b) [2, 3) [2004]
è 14 ø è 5 10 ø
2. A value of x satisfying the equation sin[cot–1(1 + x) ] = cos (c) [1, 2 ] (d) [2, 3]
[tan–1x], is : [Online April 9, 2017] 8. The trigonometric equation sin -1 x = 2 sin -1 a has a
1 1 solution for [2003]
(a) - (b) –1 (c) 0 (d)
2 2 1 1 1
(a) a £ (b) < a <
æ 43p ö 2 2 2
3. The principal value of tan -1 ç cot ÷ is:
è 4 ø 1
[Online April 19, 2014] (c) all real values of a (d) a <
2
3p 3p p p
(a) - (b) (c) - (d) 9. cot -1 ( cos a ) - tan -1 ( cos a ) = x ,
4 4 4 4
4. The number of solutions of the equation, then sin x =
sin–1 x = 2 tan –1x (in principal values) is : æaö a
[Online April 22, 2013] (a) tan2 ç ÷ (b) cot2 çæ ÷ö [2002]
è2ø è2ø
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
æaö
-1
æ æ æ 2 ööö (c) tan a (d) cot ç 2 ÷
ç sin ç cos -1 ç ÷ is è ø
ç 3 ÷÷ ÷÷ ÷
5. A value of tan
ç ç
è è è øøø 10. The domain of sin-1 [log3 (x/3)] is [2002]
[Online May 19, 2012] (a) [1, 9] (b) [–1, 9]
p p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) [–9, 1] (d) [–9, –1]
4 2 3 6

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M-262 Mathematics
Properties of Inverse Trigonometric (b) ( cot 2, ¥ )

TOPIC n Functions, Infinite Series of Inverse
Trigonometric Functions (c) ( -¥, cot 5) È ( cot 2, ¥ )
(d) (cot 5, cot 4)
æ 4 5 16 ö
11. 2p - ç sin -1 + sin -1 + sin -1 ÷ is equal to :
è 5 13 65 ø æ 19 æ n öö
17. The value of cot ç å cot -1 ç1 + å 2p ÷ ÷ is:
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] ç n =1 ç ÷÷
è è p =1 øø
p 5p 3p 7p [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 2 4
21 19
12. If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series (a) (b)
19 21
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ 1ö

tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷ + . . . . , 22 23
è 3ø è7ø è 13 ø è 21 ø (c)
23
(d)
22
then tan (S) is equal to: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
18. If x = sin –1 (sin10) and y = cos–1 (cos10), then y – x is equal
5 5 to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b)
6 11 (a) 0 (b) 10 (c) 7 p (d) p
6 -1 æ 2 ö –1 æ 3 ö pæ 3ö
If cos ç ÷ + cos ç ÷ = ç x > ÷ ,then x is equal
10
(c) - (d) 19.
5 11 è 3x ø è 4x ø 2 è 4ø
to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)]
-1 æ 12 ö -1 æ 3 ö
13. The value of sin ç ÷ - sin ç ÷ is equal to :
è ø
13 è 5ø 145 145 146 145
(a) (b) (c) (d)
[April 12, 2019 (I)] 12 10 12 11
p é 1 + x2 + 1 - x 2 ù
-1 æ 63 ö æ 56 ö 1
(a) p - sin ç ÷ (b) - sin -1 ç ÷ 20. The value of tan–1 ê ú , | x |< , x ¹ 0 ,
è 65 ø 2 è 65 ø ê 1 + x 2 - 1 - x2 ú 2
ë û
p æ 9 ö -1 æ 33 ö
(c) - cos -1 ç ÷ (d) p - cos ç ÷ is equal to [Online April 8, 2017]
2 è 65 ø è 65 ø
p 1 p
(a) + cos -1 x 2 (b) + cos -1 x 2
-1 -1 y 4 2 4
14. If cos x - cos = a , where – 1 < x < 1, –2 < y < 2,
2
p 1 p
(c) - cos -1 x 2 (d) - cos -1 x 2
y 4 2 4
x < , then for all x, y, 4x2 –4xy cosa + y2 is equal to:
2 21. Let
æ 2x ö
[April 10, 2019 (II)] tan –1 y = tan –1 x + tan –1 ç
(a) 4 sin2a (b) 2 sin2a è 1 - x 2 ÷ø ,
(c) 4 sin2a – 2x2y2 (d) 4 cos2 a + 2x2y2 1
where or x < . Then a value of y is : [2015]
15. Considering only the principal values of inverse functions, 3
ì -1 -1 pü 3x - x 3 3x + x 3
the set A = í x ³ 0 : tan ( 2 x ) + tan ( 3x ) = ý (a) (b)
î 4þ 1 + 3x 2 1 + 3x 2
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
3x – x 3 3x + x 3
(a) contains two elements (c) (d)
1 – 3x 2 1 - 3x 2
(b) contains more than two elements
æ 2x ö
2 tan -1 x + sin -1 ç
(c) is a singleton 22. If f (x) = ÷ , x > 1 th en
(d) is an empty set è 1+ x 2 ø
16. All x satisfying the inequality (cot–1x)2 – 7 (cot–1x) + 10 > f (5) is equal to : [Online April 10, 2015]
0, lie in the interval : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] p
(a) tan -1 æç 65 ö÷ (b)
(a) ( -¥, cot 5) È ( cot 4, cot 2 ) è 156 ø 2
(c) p (d) 4 tan–1(5)

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23. Statement I: The equation (sin–1x)3 + (cos–1 x)3 – ap3 = 0 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö

26. S = tan -1 ç ÷ + tan ç 2 ÷ + ...
1 è n + n +1 ø
2
è n + 3n + 3 ø
has a solution for all a ³ .
32
æ 1 ö
p
Statement II: For any x Î R , sin -1 x + cos-1 x = and + tan -1 ç ÷ , then tan S is equal to :
è 1 + ( n + 19)( n + 20) ø
2
2
æ pö 9 p2
0 £ ç sin -1 x - ÷ £ [Online April 12, 2014] (a)
20
(b)
n
è 4ø 16 401 + 20 n 2
n + 20n + 1
(a) Both statements I and II are true. 20 n
(b) Both statements I and II are false. (c) (d)
2
n + 20n + 1 401 + 20 n
(c) Statement I is true and statement II is false. 27. A value of x for which sin (cot–1(1 + x)) = cos (tan–1 x), is
(d) Statement I is false and statement II is true. : [Online April 9, 2013]

24. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan –1x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in
1 1
A.P., then [2013] (a) - (b) 1 (c) 0 (d)
2 2
(a) x = y = z (b) 2x = 3y = 6z
æ xö æ 5ö p
(c) 6x = 3y = 2z (d) 6x = 4y = 3z 28. If sin -1 ç ÷ + cosec -1 ç ÷ = , then the values of x is
è 5ø è 4ø 2
25. Let x Î (0, 1). The set of all x such that (a) 4 (b) 5 [2007]
sin–1x > cos–1x, is the interval: [Online April 25, 2013] (c) 1 (d) 3
æ1 1 ö æ 1 ö 29.
y
If cos -1 x - cos -1 = a , then 4 x 2 - 4 xy cos a + y 2 is
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç ,1÷ 2
è2 2ø è 2 ø
equal to [2005]
æ 3ö (a) 2 sin 2 a (b) 4
(c) (0, 1) (d) çç 0, 2 ÷÷ (c) 4 sin 2 a (d) – 4 sin 2 a
è ø

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M-264 Mathematics
3 4
(d) Q cos a = , then sin a = -1 é æ p 3p ö ù
1.
5 5 = tan ê tan çè 2 - 4 ÷ø ú
ë û
4
Þ tan a = p 3p 2p - 3p -p
3 = - = =
2 4 4 4
1 4. (a) Given equation is
and tan b =
3 sin–1 x = 2 tan–1 x
tan a - tan b Now, this equation has only one solution.
Q tan (a – b) = 1 + tan a.tan b p
\ LHS = sin–1 1 =
2
4 1 p p
-
1
and RHS = 2 tan 1 = 2 ´ =
–1
=3 3= 9 4 2
4 13 = p 5p
1+ 13
9 9 Also, x = 1 gives angle value as and
4 4
æ9ö æ 9 ö 5p
\ a – b = tan–1 ç ÷ = sin –1 ç ÷ is outside the principal value.
è 13 ø è 5 10 ø 4
æ 13 ö é æ 2 öù
= cos–1 çè 5 10 ÷ø 5. (d) Consider tan -1 êsin ç cos-1 ÷ú
ç 3 ÷ø úû
ëê è
2. (a)
ë û (
sin écot -1 (1 + x ) ù = cos tan -1 x ) Let cos -1
2
3
= q Þ cos q =
2
3
2 + 2x + x2 2 1
Þ sin q = 1 - cos 2 q = 1 - =
2 3 3
1+ x
1 x
é æ -1 2 ö ù
÷÷ ú = tan [sin q]
-1 -1
l b \ tan êsin çç cos
1+x 1 ëê è 3 ø úû
Let; cot l = 1 + x -1 é 1 ù -1 æ 1 ö p
tan b = x = tan ê ú = tan ç ÷ =
ë 3û è 3ø 6
Þ sin l = cos b
6. (b) Given that
1 1
Þ = 2 æx ö
x2 + 2x + 2 1 1 + x2 f (x) = 4- x + cos -1 ç - 1÷ + log(cos x)
è2 ø
Þ x2 + 2 x + 2 = x2 + 1
æx ö
f (x) is defined if – 1 £ ç - 1÷ £ 1 and cos x > 0
Þ x = -1 2 è2 ø
3. (c) Consider
x p p
Þ 0£ £ 2 and - < x <
é 43p ù é æ 3p ö ù 2 2 2
tan -1 êcot = tan -1 êcot ç10 p + ÷ ú
ë 4 úû ë è 4 øû p p
Þ 0 £ x £ 4 and - < x <
2 2
-1 é 3p ù
= tan êcot ú [Q cot (2np + q) = cot q] é pö
ë 4û \ x Î ê 0, ÷
ë 2ø

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sin -1 ( x - 3) æ 4 5 16 ö
f ( x) = 11. (c) 2p - ç sin -1 + sin -1 + sin -1 ÷
7. (b) is defined è 5 13 65 ø
9 - x2
When -1 £ x - 3 £ 1 Þ 2 £ x £ 4 æ 4 5 16 ö
....(i) = 2p - ç tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1 ÷
è 3 12 63 ø
and 9 - x 2 > 0 Þ -3 < x < 3 ....(ii)
from (i) and (ii), é -1 4 -1 4 ù
we get 2 £ x < 3 \ Domain = [2, 3) êëQ sin 5 = tan 3 úû
8. (a) Given that sin -1 x = 2 sin -1 a
ì æ 4 5 ö ü
We know that -
p
£ sin -1 x £
p ïï -1 ç 3 + 12 ÷ ï
-1 16 ï
= 2 p - í tan ç + tan ý
2 2
ï 4 5÷ 63 ï
ç1- × ÷
p p ïî è 3 12 ø ïþ
Þ- £ 2sin -1 a £
2 2
æ 63 16 ö
p p -1 1 = 2p - ç tan -1 + tan -1 ÷
Þ - £ sin -1 a £ Þ £a£ è 16 63ø
4 4 2 2
1 æ 63 63ö
\ a £ = 2p - ç tan -1 + cot -1 ÷
2 è 16 16 ø
9. (a) Given that, cot–1 ( cos a ) – tan–1 ( cos a ) = x p 3p

= 2p - = .
æ 1 ö 2 2
tan–1 çç ÷÷ – tan–1 ( cos a ) = x
è cos a ø æ 1ö 1 1
12. (a) S = tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 + tan -1 + .... upto 10 terms
è 3ø 7 13
1
- cos a
cos a æ 2 -1 ö æ 3- 2 ö
Þ = tan -1 ç + tan -1 ç
tan–1
1
=x è 1 + 2 ×1÷ø è 1 + 3 × 2 ÷ø
1+ . cos a
cos a æ 4-3 ö æ 11 - 10 ö
+ tan -1 ç + ...... + tan -1 ç
Þ tan–1 1 - cos a è 1 + 3 × 4 ÷ø è 1 + 11×10 ÷ø
=x
2 cos a
= (tan -1 2 - tan -1 1) + (tan -1 3 - tan -1 2) +
1 - cos a
Þ tan x = (tan -1 4 - tan -1 3) + .... + (tan -1 11 - tan -1 10)
2 cos a
æ 11 - 1 ö æ 5ö
2 cos a B = tan -1 11 - tan -1 1 = tan -1 ç = tan -1 ç ÷
Þ cot x = = è 1 + 11×1÷ø è 6ø
1 - cos a P
5
P = (1– cosa) and B = 2 cos a \ tan( S ) =
6
H = P2 + B2 = 1 + cos a æ3ö æ 12 ö æ 3 5 12 4 ö
13. (b) - sin -1 ç ÷ + sin -1 ç ÷ = - sin -1 ç ´ - ´ ÷
1 - cos a 1 - (1 - 2 sin a / 2) 2 è5ø è 13 ø è 5 13 13 5 ø
Þ sin x = =
1 + cos a 1 + 2 cos 2 a / 2 - 1 (Q xy e” 0 and x2 + y2 d” 1)
{ }
a é
or sin x = tan2 -1 -1 -1 2 2 ù
2 êëQ sin x - sin y = sin x 1 - y - y 1 - x úû
æ æ xö ö
10. (a) f (x) = sin–1 ç log 3 ç ÷ ÷ æ -33 ö æ 33 ö
è è 3ø ø = sin –1 ç ÷ = sin –1 ç 65 ÷
è 65 ø è ø
We know that domain of sin–1x is x Î [–1, 1]
æ 56 ö p -1 æ 56 ö
\ -1 £ log3 çæ ÷ö £ 1 Þ 3-1 £ £ 31
x x = cos–1 ç ÷ = - sin ç ÷
è ø
65 2 è 65 ø
è 3ø 3
Þ 1 £ x £ 9 or x Î [1, 9]

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M-266 Mathematics
-1 -1 y æ 19 ö
14. (a) Given, cos x - cos =a
= cot ç å cot (1 + n (n + 1))÷
-1
2 è n=1 ø
æ xy y 2 ö÷
Þ cos -1 ç + 1 - x 2 . 1 - =a æ 19 -1 æ ( n + 1) - n ö ö
ç 2 4 ÷ = cot ç å tan èç 1 + (n + 1)n ÷ø ÷
è ø è n =1 ø
xy 1 - x2 4 - y 2 é -1 -1 æ 1 ö ù
Þ + = cos q êcot x = tan çè x ÷ø : for x > 0 ú
2 2 ë û
Þ xy + 1 - x 2 4 - y 2 = 2cos a æ 19 -1 ö
= ç å (tan ( n + 1) - tan n)÷
-1
cot
Þ (xy – 2 cos a)2 = (1 – x2) (4 – y2) è n =1 ø
Þ x2y2 + 4 cos2 a – 4xy cos a = 4 – y2 – 4x2 + x2y2 = cot(tan–1 20 – tan–11)
Þ 4x2 – 4xy cos a + y2 = 4 sin2 a æ -1 æ 20 - 1 ö ö

= cot çè tan çè ÷
1 + 20 ´ 1ø ÷ø
p
15. (c) Consider, tan–1(2x) + tan–1(3x) =
4 æ -1 æ 19 ö ö -1 æ 21ö 21
= cot çè tan èç ø÷ ÷ø = cot cot èç ø÷ =
21 19 19
æ 5x ö p
Þ tan -1 ç
è 1 - 6 x 2 ÷ø = 4 18. (d) x = sin –1(sin 10)
ì p p
Þ
5x
= 1 Þ 5x = 1 – 6x2 ï3p - < 10 < 3p +
1 - 6 x2 Þ x = 3p – 10 í 2 2
ïîÞ 3p - x = 10
Þ 6x + 5x – 1 = 0
2
Þ (6x – 1)(x + 1) = 0 ì3p < 10 < 4p

and y = cos–1(cos 10) í
1 îÞ 4 p - x = 10
Þ x= (as x ³ 0)
6 Þ y = 4p – 10
Therefore, A is a singleton set. \ y – x = (4p – 10) – (3p – 10) = p
16. (b) æ 2ö æ 3ö p æ 3ö
19. (a) cos -1 ç ÷ + cos-1 ç ÷ = ; ç x > ÷
è 3x ø è 4xø 2 è 4ø
æ 2ö p æ 3ö
Þ cos -1 ç ÷ = - cos -1 ç ÷
è 3x ø 2 è 4x ø
æ 2ö æ 3ö é pù
Þ cos -1 ç ÷ = sin -1 ç ÷ êQ sin -1 x + cos -1 x =
è 3x ø è 4x ø ë 2 úû
-1 æ 3 ö 3
(cot–1 x)2 – 7(cot–1 x) + 10 > 0 Put sin ç ÷ = q Þ sin q =
è 4x ø 4x
(cot–1 x – 5) (cot–1 – 2) > 0
cot–1 x Î (–฀, 2) È (5, ฀) ¼(1) 9
Þ cos q = 1 - sin q = 1 -
2
But cot–1 x lies in (0, p) 16x2

Now, from equation (1) æ 16 x 2 - 9 ö
cot–1 x Î (0, 2) Þ q = cos -1 çç ÷÷
è 4x ø
Now, it is clear from the graph
x Î (cot 2, ฀) æ 16 x 2 - 9 ö
æ 2ö -1
\ cos -1 ç ÷ = cos ç ÷
æ 19
è 3x ø èç 4x ø÷
æ n öö
17. (a) cat ç å cot -1 ç1 + å 2p ÷ ÷
ç n =1 ç p =1 ÷ ÷ 2 16 x 2 - 9 64 + 81 145
è è øø Þ = Þ x2 = Þ x=±
3x 4x 9 ´ 16 144

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2
145 æ 3ö æ -1 pö p2 p2
Þ x= Qx > ÷ Þ ç sin x - ÷ (8a - 1) +
èç
=
12 4ø è 4ø 12 16
2
æ -1 pö p2
1 -1 2 Þ ç sin x - ÷ = (32a - 1)
20. (a) 2
Let x = cos 2q; Þ q = cos x è 4ø 48
2
Putting this value in equation (1)
é 1+ x2 1 - x2 ù p2 9
Þ tan -1 ê - ú 0£ (32 a - 1) £ p 2
ê 1+ x2 1 - x2 ú 48 16
ë û
Þ 0 £ 32a - 1 £ 27
é 1 + cos 2q + 1 - cos 2q ù 1 7
=ê ú £a£
ë 1 + cos 2q - 1 - cos 2q û 32 8
Statement-I is also true

é1 + tan q ù tan - 1 é tan æ p + q ö ù 24. (a) Since, x, y, z are in A.P.
Þ tan–1 ê ú= ê ç ÷ú
ë1 - tan q û ë è4 øû \ 2y = x + z
Also, we have
p 1 2 tan–1 y = tan–1x + tan–1 (z)
= + cos -1 x 2
4 2 æ 2y ö -1 æ x + z ö
Þ tan–1 ç ÷ = tan çè 1 - xz ÷ø
é 2x ù è 1 - y2 ø
21. (c) Given that, tan–1y = tan -1 x + tan -1 ê ú
ë1 - x 2 û x+ zx+z
Þ = (Q 2y = x + z)
1- y 12
- xz
= tan -1 x + 2 tan -1 x = 3 tan–1x
Þ y2 = xz or x + z = 0 Þ x = y = z = 0
é 3ù 25. (b) Given sin–1 x > cos–1 x where x Î (0, 1)
-1 3x - x
tan–1y = tan ê 2ú p
ëê 1 - 3x ûú Þ sin–1 x > - sin -1 x
2
p -1 p
3x - x 3 Þ 2 sin–1 x > Þ sin x >
Þ y= 2 4
1 - 3x 2
p 1
Þ x > sin Þ x >
æ 2x ö 4 2
22. (c) f (x) = 2 tan–1 x + sin –1 çè ÷
1 + x2 ø p
Maximum value of sin–1 x is
Þ f (x) = 2 tan–1x + p – 2 tan–1x 2
Þ f (x) = p
æ 1 ö
Þ f (5) = p So, maximum value of x is 1. So, x Î ç , 1÷ .
è 2 ø
é p pù
23. (a) sin -1x Î ê - , ú 26. (c) We know that,
ë 2 2û
1 1 1
tan -1 + tan -1 + tan -1 + ...... +
3p æ -1 pö p 1+ 2 1 + 2´ 3 1 + 3´ 4
Þ - £ ç sin x - ÷ £
4 è 4ø 4
1 1
2 tan -1 + tan -1 + ...... +
æ pö 9 1 + (n - 1)n 1 + n(n + 1)
0 £ ç sin -1 x - ÷ £ p 2 ..(1)
è 4ø 16
1 n + 19
Statement II is true tan -1 = tan -1
1 + (n + 19) (n + 20) n + 21
(sin -1 x)3 + (cos -1 x )3 = ap
3
Þ (sin–1x + cos–1x) [(sin–1x + cos–1x)2 n -1 1

Þ tan -1 + tan -1
– 3sin–1x cos–1x] = ap3 n +1 1 + n(n + 1)
p2
Þ - 3sin -1 x cos -1 x = 2ap2 1 1
4 + tan -1 +...... +
1 + (n + 1) (n + 2) 1 + (n + 19) ( n + 20)
-1 æ p -1 ö p2
Þ sin x ç - sin x÷ = (1 - 8a )
è2 ø 12 -1 n + 19
= tan
n + 21

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M-268 Mathematics
æ xö p æ 4ö
Þ tan -1
1
+ tan -1
1
+ ...... + Þ sin -1 ç ÷ = - sin -1 ç ÷
1 + n(n + 1) 1 + (n + 1)( n + 2) è 5ø 2 è 5ø
1 -1 n + 19 n -1 [Q sin -1 x + cos -1 x = p / 2]
= tan - tan -1
1 + ( n + 19) ( n + 20) n + 21 n +1
æ xö æ 4ö
Þ sin -1 ç ÷ = cos -1 ç ÷
æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö è 5ø è 5ø
Þ tan-1 ç ÷ + tan ç 2 ÷ + ...... +
2
è n + n + 1 ø è n + 3 n + 3 ø 2
x æ4ö éQ cos –1x = sin –1 1 – x 2 ù
sin –1 = sin –1 1 – ç ÷ êë úû
1 5 è5ø
tan -1
1 + ( n + 19) ( n + 20) -1 x 3 x 3
Þ sin = sin -1 Þ =
5 5 5 5
æ n + 19 n - 1 ö Þ x=3
-1 ç n + 21 - n + 1 ÷ -1 20
= tan ç ÷ = tan =S cos -1 x - cos-1
y
=a
n + 19 n - 1 2
+ 20n + 1
29. (c)
çç 1 + ÷÷
´ n 2
è n + 21 n + 1 ø
æ æ ö
xy y2 ö
\ tan -1 S =
20 Þ cos - 1 ç + (1 - x 2 ) ç1 - ÷ ÷ = a
2
n + 20n + 1 çè 2 è 4 ø÷
ø
27. (a) sin (cot–1 (1 + x)) = cos (tan –1 x)
Þ cosec2 (cot–1 (1 + x)) = sec2 (tan–1 x) æ xy + 4 - y 2 - 4 x 2 + x2 y 2 ö
-1
Þ cos ç ÷ =a
Þ 1 + [cot (cot–1 (1 + x))]2 = 1 + [tan (tan–1 x)]2 çè 2 ÷ø
1
Þ (1 + x)2 = x2 Þ x = -
2 Þ xy + 4 – y 2 – 4 x 2 + x 2 y 2 = 2cos a
æ x ö æ 5ö p
28. (d) sin -1 ç ÷ + cosec -1 ç ÷ =
è 5ø è 4ø 2 Þ 4 – y 2 – 4 x 2 + x 2 y 2 = 2cos a – xy
æ xö p æ 5ö Squaring both sides, we get
Þ sin -1 ç ÷ = - cosec -1 ç ÷
è 5ø 2 è 4ø
Þ 4 - y 2 - 4 x 2 + x 2 y 2 = 4 cos 2 a + x 2 y 2 - 4 xy cos a
Þ 4 x 2 + y 2 - 4 xy cosa = 4 sin 2 a .

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Matrices M-269
18
Matrices
Order of Matrices, Types of Matrices, é1 0 0ù

TOPIC Ć
Addition & Subtraction of Matrices, 5. Let P = êê3 1 0úú and Q = [qi] be two 3 × 3 matrices
Scalar Multiplication of Matrices,
Multiplication of Matrices êë9 3 1úû
q 21 + q31
1. Let a be a root of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0 such that Q – P5 = I3. Then is equal to :
q32
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
é1 1 1ù
ê ú (a) 10 (b) 135 (c) 15 (d) 9
1
and the matrix A = ê1 a a 2 ú , then the matrix A31
3 ê ú é1 0 0 ù
ë1 a a4 û
2
6. Let A = êê1 1 0 úú and B = A20. Then the sum of the
is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] ëê1 1 1 úû
elements of the first column of B is?
(a) A (b) I3 (c) A2 (d) A3 [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) 211 (b) 210 (c) 231 (d) 251
é cos q i sin q ù æ p ö éa b ù
2. If A = ê ú, çq = ÷ and A = ê
5
ú, é0 -1ù
ëi sin q cos q û è 24 ø ëc d û 7. If A=ê ú , then which one of the following
ë1 0 û
where i = -1, then which one of the following is not statements is not correct? [Online April 10, 2015]
true? [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] (a) A2 + I = A(A2 – I) (b) A4 – I = A2 + I
(c) A3 + I = A(A3 – I) (d) A3 – I = A(A – I)
(a) 0 £ a 2 + b2 £ 1 (b) a 2 - d 2 = 0
é yù
ê x ú be such that AB = é ù ,
é1 2 x ù 6
1 8. If A = ê ú and B = ê8 ú
(c) a - c = 1
2 2
(d) a - b =
2 2
ê ú
ë3 - 1 2 û ë û
ëê 1 ûú
2
then: [Online April 12, 2014]
é x 1ù
3. Let A = ê ú , x Î R and A = [aij]. If a11 = 109, then a22
4
(a) y = 2x (b) y = – 2x
ë 1 0 û
(c) y = x (d) y = – x
is equal to __________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] 9. If p, q, r are 3 real numbers satisfying the matrix equation,
écos a - sin a ù é0 -1ù é3 4 1ù

4. Let A = ê
a a ú , (aÎ R) such that A32 = ê1 0 ú . [ p q r ] êê 3 2 3úú = [3 0 1] then
ë sin cos û ë û
êë 2 0 2úû
Then a value of a is : [April 8, 2019 (I)]
2p + q – r equals : [Online April 22, 2013]
p p p
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) (a) – 3 (b) – 1
32 64 16 (c) 4 (d) 2

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M-270 Mathematics
10. The matrix A2 + 4A – 5I, where I is identity matrix and

éa b ù éa b ù
17. If A = ê ú and A2 = ê ú , then [2003]
é1 2 ù ëb a û ëb aû
A= ê ú , equals [Online April 9, 2013]
ë 4 -3û
(a) a = 2 ab, b = a 2 + b 2
é2 1ù é 0 -1ù (b) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = ab
(a) 4 ê ú (b) 4 ê ú
ë2 0û ë2 2 û
(c) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = 2ab
é2 1ù é1 1 ù (d) a = a 2 + b 2 , b = a 2 - b 2 .
(c) 32 ê ú (d) 32 ê ú
ë2 0û ë1 0 û
Transpose of Matrices, Symmetric
é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù & Skew Symmetric Matrices,
If A = ê 2 1 0 ú and B = ê -2 1 0ú then AB TOPIC n
11. Inverse of a Matrix by Elementary

ê ú ê ú
Row Operations
ëê -3 2 1 úû ëê 7 -2 1úû
equals [Online May 26, 2012] 18. Let a, b, c Î R be all non-ero and satisfy
(a) I (b) A (c) B (d) 0
12. If w ¹ 1is the complex cube root of unity and matrix æa b cö
ç ÷
éω 0 ù a + b + c = 2.
3 3 3 If the matrix A = ç b c a ÷ satisfies
H = ê ú , then H70 is equal to [2011RS] çc a b÷
ë 0 ωû è ø
(a) 0 (b) –H (c) H2 (d) H ATA = I, then a value of abc can be : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
13. The number of 3 × 3 non-singular matrices, with four entries
1 1 2
as 1 and all other entries as 0, is [2010] (a) - (b) (c) 3 (d)
(a) 5 (b) 6 3 3 3
(c) at least 7 (d) less than 4 19. The number of all 3 ´ 3 matrices A, with enteries from the
æ 1 2ö æ a 0ö
14. Let A = ç and B = ç , a, b Î N. Then [2006] set {–1, 0, 1} such that the sum of the diagonal elements
è 3 4÷ø è 0 b÷ø
(a) there cannot exist any B such that AB = BA of AAT is 3, is _______. [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(b) there exist more than one but finite number of B¢s
such that AB = BA æ 2 2ö æ 1 0ö
20. If A = ç 9 4÷ and I = ç 0 1÷ , then 10A–1 is equal to:
(c) there exists exactly one B such that AB = BA è ø è ø
(d) there exist infinitely many B¢s such that AB = BA [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
15. If A and B are square matrices of sie n × n such that
(a) A – 4I (b) 6I – A (c) A – 6I (d) 4I – A
A2 - B 2 = ( A - B )( A + B ) , then which of the following
will be always true? [2006] 21. If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a skew-symmetrix matrix
(a) A = B é2 3 ù
(b) AB = BA such that A + B = ê 5 -1ú , then AB is equal to :
ë û
(c) either of A or B is a ero matrix [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(d) either of A or B is identity matrix
é - 4 -1ù é 4 -2 ù
é1 0ù é1 0 ù (a) ê -1 4 ú (b) ê -1 - 4ú
16. If A = ê ú and I = ê ú , then which one of the ë û ë û
ë1 1 û ë0 1û
following holds for all n ³ 1, by the principle of é 4 -2 ù é - 4 2ù
(c) ê1 - 4ú (d) ê 1 4ú
mathematical induction [2005] ë û ë û
(a) An = nA – (n – 1) I æ 0 2y 1 ö
ç ÷
(b) An = 2n - 1 A – (n – 1) I 22. The total number of matrices A = ç 2 x y -1÷ , (x, y Î
è 2 x - y 1 ø
(c) An = nA + (n – 1) I
R, x ¹ y) for which ATA = 3I3 is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(d) A = 2 n - 1 A + (n – 1) I
n
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 4

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Matrices M-271
æ 0 2q r ö é1 2 2 ù
23. Let A = çç p q -r ÷÷ . If AAT = I3, then |p| is : 26. If A = ê 2 1 -2ú is a matrix satisfying the equation
ê ú
ç p -q r ÷ êë a 2 b úû
è ø
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] AAT = 9I, where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then the ordered
pair (a, b) is equal to: [2015]
1 1 (a) (2, 1) (b) (–2, – 1)
(a) (b)
5 3 (c) (2, – 1) (d) (–2, 1)
27. Let A and B be any two 3 × 3 matrices. If A is symmetric
1 1 and B is skewsymmetric, then the matrix AB – BA is:
(c) (d)
2 6 (a) skewsymmetric [Online April 19, 2014]
(b) symmetric
24. For two 3 × 3 matrices A and B, let A + B = 2BT and 3A + 2B =
I3, where BT is the transpose of B and I3 is 3 × 3 identity (c) neither symmetric nor skewsymmetric
matrix. Then : [Online April 9, 2017] (d) I or – I, where I is an identity matrix.
(a) 5A + 10B = 2I3 (b) 10A + 5B = 3I3 æ a - 1ö æ a + 1ö
(c) B + 2A = I3 (d) 3A + 6B = 2I3 28. If A = 0 , B = ç 0 ÷ be two matrices, then ABT is a
ç ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 0 ø è 0 ø
é 3 1 ù non-ero matrix for |a| not equal to [Online May 7, 2012]
ê ú
ê 2 2 ú é1 1ù (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
25. If P = ê 1 3 ú , A = êë 0 1úû and Q = PAP
APT, then 29. Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3. [2011]
ê- ú
ë 2 2 û Statement-1: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.
Statement-2: AB is symmetric matrix if matrix multiplication
PT Q2015 P is ; [Online April 9, 2016] of A with B is commutative.
é 0 2015ù é 2015 0 ù (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
(a) ê 0 0 úû (b) ê 1 ú not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ë ë 2015 û
é1 2015ù é 2015 1 ù
(c) ê 0 1 úû (d) ê 0 2015úû
ë ë a correct explanation for Statement-1.

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M-272 Mathematics
1. (d) Solution of x2 + x + 1 = 0 is w, w2 Given that ( x2 + 1) 2 + x 2 = 109

So, a = w and
w4 = w3.w = 1.w = w x 4 + 3x 2 - 108 = 0
Þ ( x2 + 12)( x2 - 9) = 0
é1 1 1 ù é1 1 1 ù é1 0 0ù
ê úê ú
\ x2 = 9
w2 ú = êê0 0 1 úú
1
A2 = ê1 w w2 ú ê1 w
3ê úê ú
w ú êë0 1 0úû
a22 = x 2 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10.
ê1 w2 w ú ê1 w2
ë ûë û
é cos a - sin a ù
Þ A4 = I 4. (c) A = ê ú
Þ A30 = A28 × A3 = A3 ë sin a cos a û
é cos q i sin q ù é cos a - sin a ù é cos a - sin a ù

(d) Q A = ê A2 = ê a
ú cos a úû êë sin a cos a úû
2.
ëi sin q cos q û ë sin
é cos nq i sin nq ù écos 2a - sin 2a ù

\ An = ê ú , n ÎN =ê ú
ëi sin nq cos nq û ë sin 2a cos 2a û
éa b ù écos 4a - sin 4a ù
Q A5 = ê ú Similarly, A4 = A2 .A2 = ê sin 4a cos 4a ú
ëc d û ë û
é cos5q i sin 5q ù é a b ù é cos32a - sin 32a ù é0 -1ù

\ A5 = ê ú=ê ú and so on A32 = ê ú=ê ú
ëi sin 5q cos5q û ë c d û ë sin 32a cos32a û ë1 0 û
Then sin 32a = 1 and cos 32a = 0
\ a = cos 5q, b = i sin 5q = c, d = cos 5q
p p
\ a 2 - b 2 = cos 2 5q + sin 2 5q = 1 Þ 32a = np + (– 1)n and 32a = 2np +
2 2
a 2 - c 2 = cos 2 5q + sin 2 5q = 1 np p np p
Þ a= + (-1)n and a = + where n Î z
a - d = cos 5q - cos 5q = 1
2 2 2 2 32 64 16 64
p
10 p Put n = 0, a =
a 2 + b 2 = cos 2 5q - sin 2 5q = cos10q = cos 64
24
p
5p Hence, required value of a is.
and 0 < cos < 1 Þ 0 £ a2 + b2 £ 1 64
12 é1 0 0ù é1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù
ê 3 1 0ú ê 3 1 0 ú = ê 6 1 0 ú
1
\ a 2 - b2 = is wrong. 5. (a) P2 = ê úê ú ê ú
2 êë9 3 1úû êë9 3 1úû êë27 6 1 úû
3. (10)
é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù
é x 1ù é x 1ù é x 2 + 1 xù ê 6 1 0ú ê 6 1 0ú = ê12 1 0ú
A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú Þ P4 = ê úê ú ê ú
ë1 0û ë 1 0û ë x 1û êë 27 6 1 úû êë 27 6 1 úû êë90 12 1úû
é 1 0 0ù é1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù
é x2 + 1 xù é x 2 + 1 x ù ê12 1 0ú ê3 1 0ú = ê 15 1 0ú
A4 = ê úê ú
ë x 1û ë x 1û Þ P5 = ê úê ú ê ú
êë90 12 1úû êë9 3 1úû êë135 15 1 úû
é( x 2 + 1)2 + x 2 x ( x 2 + 1) + x ù Q Q – P5 = I3
=ê ú
êë x ( x + 1) + x x 2 + 1 úû
2

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Matrices M-273
é 2 0 0ù é -1 0 ù
ê 15 2 0ú A2 = ê ú Þ A = -I
2
\ Q = I3 + P5 = ê ú ë 0 -1û
ëê135 15 2úû é 0 1ù
A3 = ê ú
q21 + q31 15 + 135 ë -1 0 û
= 10
q32 = 15
é1 0ù
A4 = ê ú =I
é1 0 0 ù ë0 1 û
6. (c) Here A = êê1 1 0 úú A2 + I = A3 – A
êë1 1 1 úû – I + I = A3 – A
A3 ¹ A
é1 0 0 ù é1 0 0 ù
é yù
\ A2 = A. A = êê1 1 0 úú × êê1 1 0 úú êxú
é1 2 x ù
êë1 1 1 úû êë1 1 1 úû 8. (a) Let A = ê3 -1 2 ú and B = ê ú
ë û
ëê1 ûú
é1 0 0ù é yù
= êê 2 1 0úú é1 2 x ù ê ú
AB = êë3 -1 2úû ê ú
x
êë 3 2 1 úû
ëê1 ûú
é1 0 0ù é1 0 0 ù é 6ù é y + 2x + xù
ê 2 1 0ú × ê1 1 0 ú Þ ê8 ú = ê 3 y - x + 2 ú
also A3 = A2. A = ë û ë û
ê ú ê ú
êë 3 2 1 úû êë1 1 1 úû é 6ù é y + 3x ù
Þ ê8 ú = ê 3 y - x + 2 ú
ë û ë û
é1 0 0ù
Þ y + 3x = 6 and 3y – x = 6
= êê 3 1 0úú
On solving, we get
êë6 3 1 úû
6 12
x= and y =
é1 0 0ù é1 0 0 ù 5 5
and, A4 = A3. A = êê 3 1 0úú × êê1 1 0 úú Þ y = 2x
êë6 3 1 úû êë1 1 1 úû 9. (a) Given
é3 4 1ù
é 1 0 0ù [p q r ] ê3 2 3 ú = [3 0 1]
= êê 4 1 0 úú ê2
ë 0 2 úû
êë10 4 1 úû
Þ [3 p + 3q + 2r 4 p + 2q p + 3q + 2r ] = [3 0 1]
On observing the pattern, we come to a conclusion that,
Þ 3p + 3q + 2r = 3 ...(i)
é ù 4p + 2q = 0 Þ q = – 2p ...(ii)
ê 1 0 0ú p + 3q + 2r = 1 ...(iii)
ê ú On solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
A =ê n 1 0ú
ê n (n + 1) ú p = 1, q = – 2, r = 3
ê n 1ú \ 2p + q – r = 2(1) + (– 2) – (3) = – 3.
ë 2 û
10. (a) A2 + 4A – 5I = A × A + 4A – 5I
é 1 0 0ù é1 2 ù é1 2ù é1 2 ù é1 0ù
ê ú = ê4 ´ +4ê -5
\ A20 = ë -3úû êë 4 -3úû ë4 -3úû êë0 1 úû
ê 20 1 0ú
êë 210 20 1úû
é9 -4ù é 4 8 ù é5 0ù
Therefore, sum of first column of A20 = [1 + 20 + 210] = 231 = ê -8 + -
ë 17 úû êë16 -12 úû êë0 5úû
7. (a) Given that
é 0 -1ù é 9 + 4 -5 -4 + 8 - 0 ù é8 4ù é2 1ù
A =ê ú = ê -8 + 16 - 0 =
ë1 0 û ë 17 - 12 - 5úû êë8 0 úû = 4ê
ë2 0 úû

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M-274 Mathematics
é 1 0 0ù é 1 0 0ù é n 0ù én - 1 0 ù
ê ú Now nA – (n – 1) I = ê n n ú - ê 0 n - 1úû
11. (a) A = 2 1 0 , B = ê -2 1 0ú ë û ë
ê ú ê ú
êë -3 2 1úû êë 7 -2 1úû
é 1 0ù
= ê n 1ú = A
n
é1 0 0ù ë û
AB = ê0 1 0ú = I
ê ú \ nA - ( n - 1) I = An
êë0 0 1úû
éa b ù éa bù éa bù
é ω 0 ù é ω 0 ù éω 0 ù
2 17. (c) A2 = ê ú Þ A× A = ê b a ú êb a ú
12. (d) H2 = ê úê ú =ê ú ëb aû ë ûë û
ë0 ωû ë 0 ωû êë0 ω2 úû
é a2 + b2 2ab ù
éωk 0ù =ê ú
We observed that H k = ê ú êë 2 ab a 2 + b 2 úû
êë0 ω úû
a = a2 + b2; b = 2ab
éω 70
0 ù éω w 0 ù éω
69
0ù
\ H 70 = ê ú=ê ú=ê =H 18. (b) Given : AT A = I
ω70 ûú ëê0 w69ωûú ë0 ω úû
ëê 0 éa b c ù é a b c ù é1 0 0ù
[Q w3n = 1]
Þ ê b c a ú êb c a ú = ê 0 1 0 ú
ê úê ú ê ú
é 1 ... ...ù êë c a b úû êë c a b úû êë0 0 1úû
ê... 1 ...ú
13. (c) ê ú are 6 non-singular matrices because 6
êë... ... 1 úû éSa 2 Sab Sab ù é1 0 0ù
ê ú
Þ ê Sab Sa 2 Sab ú = ê0 1 0ú
blanks will be filled by 5 eros and 1 one. ê ú
ê 2ú ê0 0 1 ûú
é... ... 1ù ëê Sab S ab S a úû ë
Similarly, ê... 1 ...úú are 6 non-singular matrices.
ê So, Sa 2 = 1 and Sab = 0
êë 1 ... ...úû
Total = 6 + 6 = 12 Now, a3 + b3 + c 3 - 3abc
So, required cases are more than 7, non-singular 3 × 3 = (a + b + c )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca )
matrices.
= (a + b + c)(1 - 0)
é1 2ù éa 0ù
(d) Given that A = ê B = ê
4 úû b úû
14.
ë3 ë0 = (a + b + c )2 = Sa 2 + 2Sab = ±1
é a 2b ù 1
AB = ê ú Þ 2 - 3abc = 1 Þ abc =
ë3a 4b û 3
é a 0 ù é1 2 ù é a 2 a ù or 2 – 3abc = –1 Þ abc = 1.
BA = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë 0 b û ë3 4û ë3b 4b û 19. (672) Let A = [aii]3×3
Hence, AB = BA only when a = b It is given that sum of diagonal elements of AAT is 3 i.e.,
\ There can be infinitely many B¢s for which AB = BA tr(AAT) = 3
a211 + a212 + a213 + a221 + ..... + a233 = 3
15. (b) Given that A2 - B 2 = ( A - B )( A + B )
Possible cases are
A2 - B 2 = A2 + AB - BA - B 2
Þ AB = BA 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ®1ü
é1 0 ù 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - 1, - 1, - 1 ® 1 ïï 9
16. (a) Given that A = ê ú ý C6 ´ 8 = 84 ´8 = 672
ë1 1 û 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, - 1 ® 3ï
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, - 1, 1, - 1 ® 3ïþ
é 1 0 ù 3 é1 0 ù
A2 = ê ú , A = ê3 1 ú
ë2 1 û ë û 20. (c) Characteristics equation of matrix ‘A’ is |A – lI| = 0
é 1 0ù 2-l 2
Therefore we observed that An = ê ú = 0 Þ l2 – 6l –10 = 0
ë n 1û 9 4-l

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Matrices M-275
\ A2 – 6A – 10I = 0
1 2 1 1
Þ A–1(A2) – 6A–1 – 10IA–1 = 0 \
2
p2 = , q = and r =
2 6 3
Þ 10A–1 = A – 6I
éa c ù é0 dù 1
21. (b) Let A = ê \ | p|= .
ú and B = ê -d 0 úû 2
ë c bû ë
24. (b) AT + BT = 2B
é a c + d ù é2 3 ù
Then, A + B = ê - = Q [(A + B)T = (2BT)T]
ëc d b úû êë5 -1úû
On comparing each term, AT + BT æ BT + AT ö
Þ B= = A+ ç ÷ = 2BT
2 ç 2 ÷
a = 2, b = – 1, c – d = 5, c + d = 3 è ø
Þ a = 2, b = – 1, c = 4, d = – 1
3BT - AT
é 2 4 ù é 0 -1ù é 4 -2 ù Þ 2A + AT = 3BT Þ A =
Now, AB = ê úê ú =ê ú 2
ë 4 -1û ë1 0 û ë -1 -4 û
Also, 3A + 2B = I3 ...(i)
22. (d) Given, ATA = 3I
æ 3BT - AT ö æ AT + BT ö
é 0 2x 2x ù é 0 2 y 1 ù Þ 3 çç ÷ + 2ç ÷ = I3
2 ÷ ç 2 ÷
ê 2 y y - y ú ê 2 x y -1ú = 31 è ø è ø
ê úê ú
êë 1 -1 1 úû êë 2 x - y 1 úû Þ 11BT – AT = 2I3 ....(ii)
Add (i) and (ii)
é8x 2 0 0ù é 3 0 0 ù
35B = 7I3
ê ú
Þ ê 0 6 y2 0ú = êê 0 3 0 úú Þ B=
I3 I
Þ 11 3 - A = 2I3
ê ú 5
ê 0 0 3ú êë 0 0 3 úû 5
ë û
I3 I
Þ 11 - 2I3 = A Þ A = 3
3 1 5 5
Þ 8x2 = 3 and 6y2 = 3 Þ x = ± and y = ±
8 2 Q 5A = 5B = I3
Q
Number of combinations of (x, y) = 2 × 2 = 4 Þ 10A + 5B = 3I3
é 0 2q r ù é 3
ê p q -r ú 1 ù é 3 -1 ù
ê ú ê ú
23. (c) A = ê ú
êë p - q r úû 25. (c) P = ê 2 2 ú T
P = ê 2 2 ú
ê 1 3ú ê 1 3ú
ê- ú ê ú
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û
é 0 2q r ù é 0 p pù
ê p q - r ú ´ ê2q q - q ú PPT = PTP = I
\ A × AT = ê ú ê ú
êë p - q r úû êë r - r r úû Q2015 = (PAPT) (PAPT) ––––– (2015 terms)
= PA2015PT
é 4q 2 + r 2 2q 2 - r 2 -2q 2 + r 2 ù
ê 2 2 ú PTQ2015P = A2015
ê 2q - r p2 + q2 + r 2 p2 - q2 - r 2 ú
=ê ú é1 1 ù é1 1 ù é 1 2ù
ëê -2 q + r p2 - q2 - r 2
2 2
p 2 + q 2 + r 2 ûú A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë0 1û ë0 1û ë0 1û
Given, AAT = I
\ 4q2 + r2 = p2 + q2 + r2 = 1 é 1 2ù é1 1ù é1 3 ù
A3 = ê úê ú=ê ú
Þ p2 – 3q2 = 0 and r2 = 1 – 4q2 ë 0 1 û ë0 1û ë0 1û
and 2q2 – r2 = 0 Þ r2 = 2q2 é 1 2015 ù
\ A2015 = ê
ë 0 1 úû

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M-276 Mathematics
T
26. (b) Given that AA = 9I 27. (b) Let A be symmetric matrix and B be skew symmetric
matrix.
é 1 2 2 ù é 1 2 a ù é 9 0 0ù \ AT = A and BT = –B
ê 2 1 -2ú ê2 1 2ú = ê0 9 0ú
ê úê ú ê ú Consider
êë a 2 b úû êë2 -2 b úû êë0 0 9 úû (AB – BA)T = (AB)T – (BA)T
= BTAT – ATBT = (–B) (A) – (A) (–B)
é 1+ 4 + 4 2+ 2- 4 a + 4 + 2b ù = –BA + AB = AB – BA
ê ú
Þ ê 2+2-4 4 +1+ 4 2a + 2 - 2b ú This shows AB – BA is symmetric matrix.
ê 2 2ú æ a –1ö æ a + 1ö
ë a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 - 2b a + 4 + b û
28. (c) Let A = ç 0 ÷ , B = ç 0 ÷
é 9 0 0ù ç ÷ ç ÷
è 0 ø è 0 ø
= ê 0 9 0ú
ê ú be two matrices.
êë0 0 9úû
æ a –1ö æ a 2 –1 0 0ö
Þ a + 4 + 2b = 0 Þ a + 2b = – 4 ç ÷
ABT = ç 0 ÷ ( a + 1 0 0) = ç 0
...(i)
0 0÷
2a + 2 – 2b = 0 Þ 2a – 2b = – 2 ç ÷
è 0 ø çè 0 0 0÷ø
Þ a – b = –1 ...(ii)
Subtract (ii) from (i) Thus, ABT is non-ero matrix for | a | ¹ 1
a + 2b = –4 29. (a) Given that A and B are symmetric matrix
a – b = –1 A¢ = A
– + + B¢ = B
Now (A(BA))¢ = (BA)¢A¢ = (A¢B¢)A¢ = (AB)A = A(BA)
3b = –3
(\ product of matrices are associative)
b= –1 Similarly, ((AB)A)¢ = A¢(B¢A¢) = A (BA) = (AB)A
and a = – 2 So, A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.
(a, b) = (–2, –1) Again (AB)¢ = B¢A¢ = BA
Now if BA = AB, then AB is symmetric matrix.

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Determinants M-277
19
Determinants
Minor & Co-factor of an Element of a 5. The sum of the real roots of the equation
Determinant, Value of a Determinant,
TOPIC Ć Property of Determinant of Matrices, x -6 -1
Singular & Non-Singular Matrices, 2 -3x x - 3 = 0, is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
Multiplication of two Determinants -3 2 x x+2
(a) 6 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) –4
p cos q sin q ù
1. Let q = and A = é - sin q 4
cos qûú . If B = A + A ,
5 êë
é2 b 1ù
then det (B): [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] ê ú
(a) is one (b) lies in (2, 3) 6. Let A = ê b b + 1 b ú where b > 0. Then the minimum
2
(c) is ero (d) lies in (1, 2) ê1 b 2úû

ë
x - 2 2x - 3 3x - 4
2. If D = 2 x - 3 3x - 4 4 x - 5 = Ax3 + Bx2 + Cx + D, det (A)
value of is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
3x - 5 5x - 8 10 x - 17 b
then B + C is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(a) 2 3 (n) - 2 3 (c) - 3 (d) 3
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) –3 (d) 9
3. Let a – 2b + c = 1. x - 4 2x 2x
x+a x + 2 x +1 7. If 2x x - 4 2x = (A + Bx)(x - A) 2 , then the
If f(x) = x + b x + 3 x + 2 , then : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 2x 2x x -4
x+c x+ 4 x+3
ordered pair (A, B) is equal to : [2018]
(a) f (–50) = 501 (b) f (–50) = –1 (a) (– 4, 3) (b) (– 4, 5)
(c) (4, 5) (d) (– 4, – 5)
(c) f (50) = –501 (d) f (50) = 1
x sin q cos q ì 0 cos x - sin x ü
ï ï
If S = í x Î [ 0, 2p] : sin x cos x = 0 ý , then
If D1 = - sin q - x 1 and 8. 0
4.
cos q 1 x ï cos x sin x 0 ï
î þ
x sin 2q cos 2q
æp ö
D 2 = - sin 2q -x 1 ,x ¹ 0 ; å tan çè 3 + x ÷ø is equal to [Online April 8, 2017]
cos 2q 1 x xÎS
æ pö (a) 4 + 2 3 (b) -2 + 3
then for all qÎ ç 0, ÷ : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
è 2ø (c) -2 - 3 (d) -4 - 2 3
(a) D1 - D 2 = -2x3
é -4 -1ù
(b) D1 - D 2 = x (cos 2q - cos 4q) 9. If A = ê3 1 ú , then the determinant of the matrix
ë û
(c) D1 ´ D 2 = - 2( x3 + x - 1)
(A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014) is : [Online April 10, 2016]
(d) D1 + D2 = -2x3 (a) –175 (b) 2014 (c) 2016 (d) –25

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M-278 Mathematics
16. Statement - 1: [2011RS]

x2 + x x +1 x–2 Determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 is ero.
if 2 x + 3x –1
2 Statement - 2 :
10. 3x 3x – 3 = ax –12, then ‘a’ is
x + 2x + 3
2
2 x –1 2 x –1 For any matrix A, det (A)T= det (A) and det (– A) = – det (A).
Where det (B) denotes the determinant of matrix B. Then :
equal to : [Online April 11, 2015] (a) Both statements are true
(a) 24 (b) –12 (c) –24 (d) 12 (b) Both statements are false
11. The least value of the product xyz for which the (c) Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true
x 1 1 (d) Statement-1 is true and statement-2 is false
1 y 1 17. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non-ero entries and let A2 = I ,
determinant is non-negative, is : where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix. Define
1 1
Tr(A) = sum of diagonal elements of A and
|A| = determinant of matrix A.
(a) -2 2 (b) –1 Statement - 1 : Tr(A) = 0.
(c) -16 2 (d) –8 Statement -2 : |A| = 1. [2010]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement-2
1 cos q 1 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
12. If f(q) = - sin q 1 - cos q and (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is false.
-1 sin q 1 (c) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true .
(d) Statement - 1 is true, Statement 2 is true ; Statement -2
A and B are respectively the maximum and the minimum is a correct explanation for Statement -1.
values of f(q), then (A, B) is equal to: 18. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. Let I be the 2 × 2
[Online April 12, 2014] identity matrix. Denote by tr(A), the sum of diagonal entries
of a. Assume that A2 = I.
( 4, 2 - 2 )
[2008]
(a) (3, – 1) (b)
Statement-1 : If A ¹ I and A ¹ –I, then det (A) = –1
Statement-2 : If A ¹ I and A ¹ –I, then tr (A) ¹ 0.
(c) (2 + 2, 2 - 2 ) (d) (2 + 2, -1 ) (a) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true
13. If B is a 3 × 3 matrix such that B 2 = 0, then (b) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
det. [(I + B)50 – 50B] is equal to: [Online April 9, 2014] is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 50 (c) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
ìæ a a ö ü
14. Let S = íç 11 12 ÷ : aij Î{0,1, 2}, a11 = a22 ý (d) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is false
îè a21 a22 ø þ
5 5a a
Then the number of non-singular matrices in the set S is : 19.
2
Let A = 0 a 5a . If A = 25 , then a equals [2007]
[Online April 25, 2013] 0 0 5
(a) 27 (b) 24
(a) 1/5 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 20
(c) 52 (d) 1
15. Let A, other than I or – I, be a 2 × 2 real matrix such that
A2 = I, I being the unit matrix. Let Tr (A) be the sum of 20. If 1, w, w 2 are the cube roots of unity, then
diagonal elements of A. [Online April 23, 2013]
Statement-1: Tr (A) = 0 1 wn w 2n
Statement-2: det (A) = – 1 D = wn w2n 1 is equal to [2003]
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false. 2n n
w 1 w
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (a) w 2 (b) 0
is a correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) 1 (d) w
(d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.

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Determinants M-279
27. Let the numbers 2, b, c be in an A.P. and

Properties of Determinants,
TOPIC n Area of a Triangle é1 1 1ù
ê2 b cú
21. If the minimum and the maximum values of the function A= ê 2 ú . If det(A)?[2, 16], then c lies in the
ë4 b c2 û
ép pù
f : ê , ú ® R , defined by interval : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
ë4 2û
(a) [2, 3) (b) (2 + 23/4, 4)
- sin 2 q -1 - sin 2 q 1 (c) [4, 6] (d) [3, 2 + 23/4]
f (q) = - cos 2 q -1 - cos 2 q 1 are m and M respec-
12 10 -2 é 1 sin q 1 ù
If A = ê - sin q ú æ 3p 5p ö
tively, then the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to : 28.
ê 1 sin qú ; then for all qÎ ç , ÷,
è 4 4 ø
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] êë -1 - sin q 1 úû
(a) (0, 2 2 ) (b) (– 4, 0 )
(c) (– 4, 4) (d) (0, 4) det (A) lies in the interval : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
22. If a + x = b + y = c + z + 1, where a, b, c, x, y, z are non-ero
æ 5ù é5 ö æ 3ù æ3 ù
x a+ y x+a (a) ç 1, ú (b) ê , 4 ÷ (c) ç 0, ú (d) ç ,3ú
è 2û ë2 ø è 2û è2 û
distinct real numbers, then y b + y y + b is equal to :
z c+ y z+c a–b–c 2a 2a
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] 2b b–c–a 2b
29. If
(a) y (b – a) (b) y (a – b) 2c 2c c–a–b
(c) 0 (d) y (a – c)
23. Let two points be A(l, – 1) and B(0, 2). If a point P(x¢, y¢) be = (a + b + c) (x + a + b + c)2, x ¹ 0 and a + b + c ¹ 0, then x
is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
such that the area of DPAB = 5 sq. units and it lies on the
(a) abc (b) – (a + b +c)
line, 3x + y – 4l = 0, then a value of l is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(c) 2 (a + b +c) (d) – 2 (a + b +c)
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) –3 30. Let dÎR, and
24. Let A = [aij] and B = [bij] be two 3 ´ 3 real matrices such that
é- 2 4+d (sin q) -2 ù
bij = (3)(i + j – 2) aij, where i, j = 1, 2, 3. If the determinant of B ê ú
1 (sin q) + 2
A= ê ú,
d
is 81, then the determinant of A is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
ê 5 (2 sin q) - d (- sin q) + 2 + 2d ú
(a) 1/3 (b) 3 (c) 1/81 (d) 1/9 ë û
25. A value of q Î (0, p/3), for which q Î [0, 2p]. If the minimum value of det (A) is 8, then a
value of d is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
1 + cos 2 q sin 2 q 4 cos 6q
(a) – 5 (b) – 7
cos q 1 + sin 2 q
2
4 cos 6q
= 0, is :
cos 2 q sin 2 q 1 + 4cos 6q (c) 2 ( 2 +1 ) (d) 2 ( 2 +2 )
[April 12, 2019 (II)] 31. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1, 2, ..., 10 and
p p 7p 7p S be the set of pairs (r, k), r, kÎN (the set of natural num-
(a) (b) (c) (d) bers) for which
9 18 24 36
26. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0. Then
log e a1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k log e a 3r a k4
y +1 a b log e a r4 a 5k log e a 5r a 6k log e a 6r a 7k = 0
a y+b 1 log e a r7 a 8k log e a 8r a 9k log e a 9r a10
k
for y �벜 0 in R, is equal to:
b 1 y+a
Then the number of elements in S, is : [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
[April 09, 2019 (I)]
(a) 4 (b) infinitely many
(a) y(y2 – 1) 2
(b) y(y – 3)
(c) 2 (d) 10
(c) y3 (d) y3 – 1

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M-280 Mathematics
32. If (a) depends only on a

(b) depends only on n
éet e - t cos t e - t sin t ù
ê t ú (c) depends both on a and n
A = êe -e - t cos t - e- t sin t -e - t sin t + e - t cos t ú (d) is independent of both a and n
ê t ú
êë e 2e- t sin t -2e- t cos t úû
38. If
then A is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2

(a) invertible for all tÎR.
(a + l ) ( b + l) (c + l )
2 2 2
= kl a b c ,l ¹ 0
(b) invertible only if t = p.
(c) not invertible for any tÎR. ( a - l )2 ( b - l)2 ( c - l )2 1 1 1
p then k is equal to: [Online April 12, 2014]

(d) invertible only if t = . (a) 4labc (b) – 4labc (c) 4l2 (d) – 4l2
2
39. If a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, then the value of
33. Let k be an integer such that triangle with vertices
(k, –3k), (5, k) and (–k, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then the a b c
orthocentre of this triangle is at the point : [2017] b c a is : [Online April 9, 2013]
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 3ö æ 3ö c a b
(a) ç 2, ÷ (b) ç 2, - ÷ (c) ç1, ÷ (d) ç1, - ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 4ø è 4ø
(a) non - negative (b) negative
34. Let w be a complex number such that 2w + 1 = where =
(c) positive (d) non-positive
1 1 1 40. If a, b, c, are non ero complex numbers satisfying
2 2 a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 and
-3 . If 1 -w - 1 w = 3k, then k is equal to :
1 w2 w7 b2 + c 2 ab ac
[2017] 2 2
(a) 1 (b) – (c) (d) –1 ab c +a bc = ka2b2c2, then k is equal to
35. The number of distinct real roots of the equaiton, ac bc a 2 + b2
cos x sin x sin x
é p pù
= 0 in the interval ê - , ú is :
sin x cos x sin x (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
sin x sin x cos x ë 4 4û
-2a a+b a+c
If b + a -2b b + c = a ( a + b)( b + c)( c + a ) ¹ 0
41.
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 3
c + a b + c -2c
36. If a, b ¹ 0, and f ( n ) = a n + b n and
then a is equal to [Online May 12, 2012]
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f ( 2 ) (a) a + b + c (b) abc
1 + f (1) 1 + f ( 2 ) 1 + f ( 3) = K (1 - a ) (1 - b ) ( a - b) (c) 4 (d) 1
2 2 2
,
1 + f ( 2 ) 1 + f ( 3) 1 + f ( 4 ) 42. The area of the triangle whose vertices are complex numbers
z, iz, z + iz in the Argand diagram is [Online May 12, 2012]
then K is equal to: [2014] (a) 2|z|2 (b) 1/2|z|2 (c) 4|z|2 (d) |z|2
1 43. The area of triangle formed by the lines oining the vertex
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) ab (d) of the parabola, x2 = 8y, to the extremities of its latus rectum
ab is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 1 (d) 4
44. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c) ¹ 0 if [2009]
r 2r - 1 3r - 2
n a a + 1 a –1 a +1 b +1 c –1
37. If D r = n -1 a
2 –b b + 1 b –1 a –1 b -1 c + 1 = 0,
+
1 1 c –1 c + 1 n+2 n +1
n(n - 1) (n - 1)2 (n - 1)(3n - 4) c (-1) a (-1) b ( -1) n c
2 2
then the value of n is :
n -1 (a) any even integer (b) any odd integer
then the value of å Dr [Online April 19, 2014] (c) any integer (d) ero
r =1

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Determinants M-281
1 1 1 Adjoint of a Matrix, Inverse of a

45. If D = 1 1 + x 1 for x ¹ 0, y ¹ 0 , then D is TOPIC Đ Matrix, Some Special Cases of
Matrix, Rank of a Matrix
1 1 1+ y
(a) divisible by x but not y [2007] é 2 -1 1 ù
(b) divisible by y but not x = ê -1 0 2 úú
(c) divisible by neither x nor y 51. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that ad A ê and
êë 1 -2 -1úû
(d) divisible by both x and y
46. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ............, an , ...... are in G. P., then the B = ad(ad A). If | A |= l and | ( B-1 )T |= m, then the ordered
determinant pair, (| l |, m) is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
log an log an + 1 log an + 2 æ 1ö æ 1ö

(a) ç 3, ÷ (b) ç 9, ÷
D = log an + 3 log an + 4 log an + 5 è 81 ø è 9ø
log an + 6 log an + 7 log an + 8 æ 1ö
(c) (3, 81) (d) ç 9, ÷
is equal to [2005] è 81 ø
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 2
é1 1 2ù
2 2 2 ê ú
47. If a + b + c = – 2 and [2005] 52. If the matrices A = ê1 3 4ú , B = ad A
êë1 -1 3úû
1 + a2 x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
2 2 2 ad B
f (x) = (1 + a ) x 1 + b x (1 + c ) x , and C = 3A, then is equal to : [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
C
(1 + a2 ) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 72 (d) 2
then f (x) is a polynomial of degree é 5 2a 1 ù
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2 ê ú
53. If B = ê 0 2 1 ú is the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix A, then
48. If a1, a2 , a3 ,......, an ,.... are in G.P., then the value of the ë a 3 -1û
determinant [2004] the sum of all values of a for which det (A) + 1 = 0, is :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
log an log an+1 log an+ 2
(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
log an+ 3 log an+ 4 log an +5
, is
log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8 é1 1ù é1 2 ù é1 3ù é1 n – 1ù é1 78 ù
54. If ê 0 1ú × ê0 1 ú × ê 0 1 ú ............ ê 0 =
1 úû êë0 1 úû
,
ë û ë û ë û ë
(a) –2 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 0 é1 n ù
If a > 0 and discriminant of ax2+2bx+c is –ve, then 
 �
矄 ᨨ ê 0 1 ú �矄 [April 09, 2019 (II)]
49. ë û
a b ax + b
é 1 0ù é1 -13ù
b bx + c is equal to
c [2002] (a) ê12 1 ú
ë û
(b) ê ú
ë0 1 û
ax + b bx + c 0
é1 -12 ù é 1 0ù
(a) +ve (b) (ac-b2)(ax2+2bx+c) (c) ê0 1 ú (d) ê13 1 ú
ë û ë û
(c) –ve (d) 0
50. l, m, n are the pth, qth and rth term of a G. P. all positive, 55. Let A and B be two invertible matrices of order 3 × 3. If
det (ABAT) = 8 and det (AB–1) = 8, then det (BA–1 BT) is
log l p 1 equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
then log m q 1 equals [2002]
1
log n r 1 (a) (b) 1
4
(a) –1 (b) 2
1
(c) 1 (d) 0 (c) (d) 16
16

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M-282 Mathematics
Then :
écos q - sin qù (a) Both the statements are true.
56. If A = ê ú , then the matrix A–50 when
ë sin q cos q û (b) Both the statements are false.
(c) Statement–I is true, but Statement-II is false.
p
q= , is equal to: [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] (d) Statement I is false, but Statement-II is true.
12 63. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix such that |5.adA| = 5, then |A| is
é 1 3ù é 3 1ù equal to : [Online April 11, 2015]
ê - ú ê - ú
2 2 ú 2 2ú 1 1
ê ê (a) ± (b) ± (c) ±1 (d) ±5
(a) ê 3 1 ú (b) ê 1 3ú 5 25
ê ú ê ú
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û 64. If A is an 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that AA' = A'A and
é 3 B = A–1A', then BB' equals: [2014]
1 ù é 1 3ù
ê ú ê ú
ê 2 2 ú ê 2 2 ú (a) B –1 (b) ( B )¢
-1
(c) I + B (d) I
(c) ê 1 3ú (d) ê 3 1 ú
ê- ú ê- ú 65. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that
ë 2 2 û ë 2 2 û
é 1 2 3ù é 0 0 1 ù
é1 2ù
57. Let A be a matrix such that A . ê ú is a scalar matrix and A êê0 2 3úú = êê1 0 0úú
ë 0 3û êë0 1 1úû êë0 1 0úû
|3A| = 108. Then A2 equals [Online April 15, 2018]
Then A–1 is: [Online April 11, 2014]
é 4 – 32 ù é 4 0ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë 0 36 û ë – 32 36 û é3 1 2 ù é3 2 1 ù
ê3 0 2 ú ê3 2 0 ú
é 36 0 ù é36 – 32 ù (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
(c) ê ú (d) ê
ë – 32 4 û ë0 4 úû ëê1 0 1 úû ëê1 1 0 úû
58. Suppose A is any 3 × 3 non-singular matrix and
(A – 3I) (A – 5I) = O, where I = I3 and O = O3. If aA + bA –1 = 4I, é 0 1 3ù é 1 2 3ù
ê 0 2 3ú ê0 1 1ú
then a + b is equal to [Online April 15, 2018] (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 7 êë1 1 1úû êë0 2 3úû
é 2 -3ù
59. If A = ê 2
ú , then ad (3A + 12A) is equal to : [2017] é 1 a 3ù
ë -4 1 û
66. If P = êê 1 3 3úú is the adoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and
é 72 -63ù é 72 -84 ù êë 2 4 4úû
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë -84 51 û ë -63 51 û |A| = 4, then a is equal to : [2013]
é 51 63ù é 51 84 ù (a) 4 (b) 11 (c) 5 (d) 0
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú 67. Let P and Q be 3 ´ 3 matrices P ¹ Q. If P3= Q3 and
ë84 72 û ë 63 72 û
P2Q = Q2P then determinant of (P2 + Q2) is equal to :
60. Let A be any 3 × 3 invertible matrix. Then which one of the (a) – 2 (b) 1 [2012]
following is not always true ? [Online April 8, 2017] (c) 0 (d) – 1
(a) ad (A)= |A| . A–1
æ1 0 0ö
(b) ad (ad(A)) = |A|.A
(c) ad (ad(A)) = |A|2 .(ad(A))–1 68. Let A = çç 2 1 0 ÷÷ . If u1 and u2 are column matrices such
(d) ad (ad(A)) = |A|.(ad(A))–1 ç 3 2 1÷
è ø
é5a - b ù
61. If A = ê T
ú and A ad A = A A , then 5a + b is equal to: æ1ö æ0ö
ç ÷
ë3 2û that Au1 = çç 0 ÷÷ and Au2 = ç 1 ÷ , then u1 + u2 is equal to :
[2016] ç0÷ ç0÷
(a) 4 (b) 13 (c) –1 (d) 5 è ø è ø
62. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that A2 – 5A + 7I = 0. [2012]
-1 1 æ -1 ö æ -1 ö æ -1 ö æ1ö
Statement–I : A = (5I - A) .
7 ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷
(c) ç -1 ÷ (d) ç -1 ÷
1
Statement II : the polynomial A3 – 2A2 – 3A + a can be (a) ç 1 ÷ (b) ç ÷
ç0÷ ç -1 ÷ ç0÷ ç -1 ÷
reduced to 5 (A – 4I). [Online April 10, 2016] è ø è ø è ø è ø

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Determinants M-283
2
é0 0 a ù 74. If A – A + I = 0 , then the inverse of A is [2005]
69. If AT denotes the transpose of the matrix A = ê0 b c ú , (a) A + I (b) A (c) A – I (d) I – A
ê ú
ëêd e f úû
æ 1 -1 1 ö æ 4 2 2ö
where a, b, c, d, e and f are integers such that abd ¹ 0, then 75. ç ÷
Let A = 2 1 -3 . and B = ç -5 0 a ÷ . If B is the
the number of such matrices for which A–1 = AT is ç ÷ ç ÷
è1 1 1 ø è 1 -2 3 ø
(a) 2(3!) (b) 3(2!) (c) 23 (d) 32 inverse of matrix A, then a is [2004]
éa 0 ù (a) 5 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) –2
70. Let A and B be real matrices of the form ê ú and
ë 0 bû æ 0 0 -1ö
é0 g ù 76. Let A = ç 0 -1 0 ÷ . The only correct
ç ÷
ê d 0 ú , respectively. [Online May 12, 2012] è -1 0 0 ø
ë û
Statement 1: AB – BA is always an invertible matrix. statement about the matrix A is [2004]
Statement 2: AB – BA is never an identity matrix.
(a) A2 = I
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (b) A = (–1) I, where I is a unit matrix
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is -1
(c) A does not exist
(d) A is a ero matrix
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. Solution of System of Linear
71. Consider the following relation R on the set of real square TOPIC Ė Equations
matrices of order 3. [2011RS]
R = { ( A, B ) A = P BP for some invertible matrix P}
–1 77. The values of l and m for which the system of linear
equations [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
Statement-1 : R is equivalence relation.
x+y+z=2
Statement-2 : For any two invertible 3 ´ 3 matrices M and
x + 2y + 3z = 5
N, ( MN )
-1
= N -1 M -1 . x + 3y + lz = m
(a) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement- has infinitely many solutions are, respectively :
2 is a correct explanation for statement-1. (a) 6 and 8 (b) 5 and 7
(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
not a correct explanation for statement-1. (c) 5 and 8 (d) 4 and 9
(c) Statement-1 is true, stement-2 is false. 78. The sum of distinct values of l for whcih the system of
(d) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true. equations
72. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix
(l - 1) x + (3l + 1) y + 2lz = 0
Statement -1 : ad (ad A) = A
Statement -2 : |ad A |= |A| [2009] (l - 1) x + (4l - 2) y + (l + 3) z = 0
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true. Statement-2 2x + (3l + 1) y + 3(l – 1) z = 0,
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
has non-ero solutions, is ______. [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(c) Statement -1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 79. Let l Î R . The system of linear equations
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement -2 is true. 2 x1 - 4 x2 + lx3 = 1 [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
73. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are integers. x1 - 6 x2 + x3 = 2
Then which one of the following is true? [2008] lx1 - 10 x2 + 4 x3 = 3
(a) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are not
(a) exactly one negative value of l
necessarily integers
(b) If det A ¹ ± 1, then A–1 exists and all its entries are non (b) exactly one positive value of l
integers (c) every value of l
(c) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 exists but all its entries are
integers (d) exactly two value of l
(d) If det A = ± 1, then A–1 need not exists

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M-284 Mathematics
80. If the system of linear equations 85. Let S be the set of all l Î R for which the system of linear
x + y + 3z = 0 equations [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
2x - y + 2z = 2
x + 3y + k2z = 0
x - 2 y + lz = -4
3x + y + 3z = 0
x + ly + z = 4
has a non-ero solution (x, y, z) for some k ÎR, then has no solution. Then the set S
æ yö (a) contains more than two elements.
x + ç ÷ is equal to : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] (b) is an empty set.
è zø
(c) is a singleton.
(a) – 3 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) – 9 (d) contains exactly two elements.
81. If the system of equations x - 2 y + 3 z = 9 , 2x + y + z = b 86. Let A = {X = (x, y, z)T : PX = 0 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1},
x - 7 y + az = 24, has infinitely many solutions, then
é1 2 1ù
where P = êê -2 3 -4 úú , then the set A :
a – b is equal to __________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
82. Suppose the vectors x1, x2 and x3 are the solutions of the
system of linear equations, Ax = b when the vector b on êë 1 9 -1úû
[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
the right side is equal to b1, b2 and b3 respectively. If
(a) is a singleton
é1ù é 0ù é0ù é1ù é 0ù (b) is an empty set
x1 = ê1ú , x2 = ê 2ú , x3 = ê0ú , b1 = ê0ú , b2 = ê 2ú and (c) contains more than two elements
êú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú (d) contains exactly two elements
ëê1ûú êë1 ûú ëê1ûú ëê0ûú ëê 0ûú
é ù
0 87. The following system of linear equations
b3= ê0ú , then the determinant of A is equal to : 7x + 6y – 2z = 0
ê ú 3x + 4y + 2z = 0
êë 2úû
x – 2y – 6z = 0, has [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] (a) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying y = 2z.
(a) 4 (b) 2 (b) no solution.
(c) infinitely many solutions, (x, y, z) satisfying x = 2z.
1 3
(c) (d) (d) only the trivial solution.
2 2
83. If the system of equations 88. For which of the following ordered pairs (m, d), the system
x+ y+ z = 2 of linear equations
x + 2y + 3z = 1
2x + 4 y - z = 6 3x + 4y + 5z = m
3x + 2 y + lz = m 4x + 4y + 4z = d
is inconsistent? [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
has infinitely many solutions, then : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
(a) (4, 3) (b) (4, 6)
(a) l + 2m = 14 (b) 2l - m = 5 (c) (1, 0) (d) (3, 4)
(c) l - 2m = -5 (d) 2l + m = 14 89. The system of linear equations
84. Let S be the set of all integer solutions, (x, y, z), of the lx + 2y + 2z = 5
system of equations
2lx + 3y + 5z = 8
x - 2 y + 5z = 0
4x + ly + 6z = 10 has: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
-2 x + 4 y + z = 0
(a) no solution when l = 8
-7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0
(b) a unique solution when l = –8
such that 15 £ x2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150. Then, the number of
elements in the set S is equal to ____________. (c) no solution when l = 2
[NA Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] (d) infinitely many solutions when l = 2

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Determinants M-285
90. If the system of linear equations 95. The greatest value of c Î R for which the system of linear
equations
2x + 2ay + az = 0 x – cy – cz = 0; cx – y + cz = 0; cx + cy – z = 0
2x + 3by + bz = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
1
2x + 4cy + cz = 0, (a) –1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 0
2
where a, b, c ÎR are non-ero and distinct; has a non-ero 96. If the system of linear equations
solution, then: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] x – 2y + kz = 1
2x + y + z = 2
1 1 1 3x – y – kz = 3
(a) , , are in A.P..
a b c has a solution (x, y, z), z ¹ 0, then (x, y) lies on the straight
(b) a, b, c are in G.P. line whose equation is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) 3x – 4y – 1 = 0 (b) 4x – 3y – 4 = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0
(c) 4x – 3y – 1 = 0 (d) 3x – 4y – 4 = 0
(d) a, b, c are in A.P. 97. An ordered pair (a, b) for which the system of linear
equations
91. If the system of linear equations,
(1 +a) x + by + = 2
x+y+z=6 ax + (1 + b)y + = 3
ax + by + 2 = 2
x + 2y + 3z = 10
has a unique solution, is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
3x + 2y + lz = m (a) (2, 4) (b) (–3, 1)
(c) (–4, 2) (d) (1, – 3)
has more than two solutions, then m – l2 is equal to
98. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear
_________. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] equations
92. If the system of linear equations x – 2y – 2 = lx
x + y+ = 5 x + 2y + = ly
–x – y = l2
x + 2y + 2 = 6
has a non-trivial solution : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
x + 3y + l = m, (l, m Î R), has infinitely many solutions, (a) is a singleton
then the value of l + m is : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (b) contains exactly two elements
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 10 (c) is an empty set
93. Let l be a real number for which the system of linear (d) contains more than two elements
equations: 99. If the system of linear equations
2x + 2y + 3 = a
x+y+z=6
3x – y + 5 = b
4x + ly – lz = l –2 x – 3y + 2 = c
3x + 2y – 4z = –5 where, a, b, c are non-ero real numbers, has more than one
has infinitely many solutions. Then l is a root of the solution, then : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
quadratic equation : [April 10, 2019 (II)] (a) b – c + a = 0 (b) b – c – a = 0
(c) a + b + c = 0 (d) b + c – a = 0
(a) l2 + 3l – 4 = 0 (b) l2 – 3l – 4 = 0
100. The number of values of q Î (0, p) for which the system of
(c) l2 +l – 6 = 0 (d) l2 – l – 6 = 0
linear equations
94. If the system of equations 2x + 3y – z =0, x + ky – 2z = 0 and
x + 3y + 7z = 0
2x – y + z = 0 has a non-trivial solution (x, y, z), then
– x + 4y + 7z = 0
x y z
+ + + k is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (II)] (sin 3q)x + (cos 2q)y + 2z = 0
y z x
has a non-trivial solution, is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
3 1 1 (a) three (b) two
(a) (b) (c) - (d) –4
4 2 4 (c) four (d) one

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M-286 Mathematics
101. If the system of equations [Jan 10, 2019 (I)] (a) a singleton
x+y+z=5 (b) an empty set
x + 2y + 3z = 9 (c) an infinite set
(d) a finite set containing two or more elements
x + 3y + az = b
108. The number of real values of l for which the system of
has infinitely many solutions, then b – a equals: linear equations
(a) 21 (b) 8 (c) 18 (d) 5 2x + 4y – l = 0
102. If the system of linear equations 4x + ly + 2 = 0
x – 4y + 7z = g lx + 2y + 2 = 0
3y – 5z = h has infinitely many solutions, is : [Online April 8, 2017]
– 2x + 5y – 9z = k (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
is consistent, then : [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] 109. The system of linear equations
(a) g + 2h + k = 0 x + ly – = 0
(b) g + h + 2k = 0 lx – y – = 0
(c) 2g + h + k = 0 x + y – l = 0
(d) g + h + k = 0 has a non-trivial solution for: [2016]
103. If the system of linear equations (a) exactly two values of l.
x + ky + 3 = 0 (b) exactly three values of l.
3x + ky – 2 = 0 (c) infinitely many values of l.
2x + 4y – 3 = 0 (d) exactly one value of l.
110. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear
x
has a non-ero solution (x, y, ), then is equal to : equations : [2015]
y2
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = lx1
[2018] 2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = lx2
(a) 10 (b) – 30 (c) 30 (d) – 10 –x1 + 2x2 = lx3
104. The number of values of k for which the system of linear has a non-trivial solution,
equations, (k + 2) x + 10y = k, kx + (k + 3) y = k – 1 has no (a) contains two elements.
solution, is [Online April 16, 2018]
(b) contains more than two elements
(a) Infinitely many (b) 3
(c) is an empty set.
(c) 1 (d) 2
(d) is a singleton
105. Let S be the set of all real values of k for which the system
111. If a, b, c are non-ero real numbers and if the system of
of linear equations
equations [Online April 9, 2014]
x+y+z=2
(a – 1)x = y + ,
2x + y – z = 3
(b – 1)y = + x,
3x + 2y + kz = 4
(c – 1) = x + y,
has a unique solution. Then S is [Online April 15, 2018]
has a non-trivial solution, then ab + bc + ca equals:
(a) an empty set (b) equal to R – {0}
(a) a + b + c (b) abc
(c) equal to {0} (d) equal to R
(c) 1 (d) – 1
106. If the system of linear equations
112. The number of values of k, for which the system of equations:
x + ay + z = 3
(k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
x + 2y + 2z = 6
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
x + 5y + 3z = b
has no solution, is [2013]
has no solution, then [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) infinite (b) 1
(a) a = 1, b ¹ 9 (b) a ¹ – 1, b = 9
(c) 2 (d) 3
(c) a = – 1, b = 9 (d) a = – 1, b ¹ 9
113. Consider the system of equations :
107. If S is the set of distinct values of ‘b’ for which the
following system of linear equations [2017] x + ay = 0, y + az = 0 and z + ax = 0. Then the set of all real
values of ‘a’ for which the system has a unique solution
x + y+ = 1
x + ay + = 1
(a) R – {1} (b) R – { – 1}
ax + by + = 0
(c) {1, – 1} (d) {1, 0, –1}
has no solution, then S is :

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Determinants M-287
114. Statement-1: The system of linear equations 117. If the system of equations [Online May 7, 2012]
x + (sin a) y + (cos a) z = 0 x+y+z=6
x + (cos a) y + (sin a) z = 0 x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + lz = 0
x – (sin a) y – (cos a) z = 0
has a unique solution, then l is not equal to
has a non-trivial solution for only one value of a lying in
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
æ pö 118. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system of
the interval ç 0, ÷ .
è 2ø equations [2011RS]
Statement-2: The equation in a x - ky + z = 0

kx + 3 y - kz = 0
cos a sin a cos a
3x + y - z = 0
sin a cos a sin a =0

cos a - sin a - cos a then the set of all values of k is :
(a) R - { 2, -3} (b) R - { 2}
æ pö
has only one solution lying in the interval ç 0, ÷ . (c) R - { -3} (d) { 2, -3}
è 2ø
119. The number of values of k for which the linear equations
4x + ky + 2z = 0 , kx + 4y + z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0 possess
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is a non-ero solution is [2011]
not correct explantion for Statement-1. (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) ero (d) 3
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is 120. Consider the system of linear equations; [2010]
a correct explantion for Statement-1. x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
(d) Statememt-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
115. If the system of linear equations : The system has
(a) exactly 3 solutions
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 6
(b) a unique solution
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 9
(c) no solution
2x1 + 5x2 + ax3 = b (d) infinite number of solutions
is consistent and has infinite number of solutions, then : 121. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are real
[Online April 22, 2013] numbers x, y, z not all ero such that x = cy + bz, y = az + cx,
(a) a = 8, b can be any real number and z = bx + ay. Then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc is equal to
(b) b = 15, a can be any real number (a) 2 (b) –1 [2008]
(c) 0 (d) 1
(c) a Î R - {8} and b Î R - {15} 122. The system of equations
(d) a = 8, b = l5 ax+y += a –1
116. Statement 1: If the system of equations x + ky + 3z = 0, x + a y+ = a – 1
3x + ky – 2z = 0, 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 has a non-trivial solution, x+ y+ a = a –1
31 has infinite solutions, if a is [2005]
then the value of k is .
2 (a) – 2 (b) either – 2 or 1
Statement 2: A system of three homogeneous equations (c) not – 2 (d) 1
in three variables has a non trivial solution if the determinant 123. If the system of linear equations [2003]
of the coefficient matrix is ero. [Online May 26, 2012] x + 2ay + az = 0 ; x + 3by + bz = 0 ;
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
x + 4cy + cz = 0 has a non - ero solution, then a, b, c.
a correct explanation for Statement 1. (a) satisfy a + 2b + 3c = 0
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is (b) are in A.P
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. (c) are in G..P
(d) are in H.P.
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.

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M-288 Mathematics
R1 = R1 + R3 – 2R2
é cos q sin q ù
1. (d) Q A = ê ú
ë - sin q cos q û 1 0 0
Þ f ( x) = x + b x+3 x+2
é cos nq sin nq ù x+c x+4 x+3
\ An = ê ú , n ÎN
ë - sin nq cos nq û
Þ f(x) = 1 Þ f(50) = 1
\B = A+ A 4
x sin q cos q
é cos q sin q ù é cos 4q sin 4q ù - sin q -x 1
=ê (d) D1 =
ú+ê
4.
ú cos q
ë - sin q cos q û ë - sin 4q cos 4q û 1 x
= (x – x2 – 1) – sin q (– x sin q – cos q)
é p 4p p 4p ù
ê cos 5 + cos 5 sin + sin
5 5 ú
+ cos q (– sin q + x cos q)
\B = ê ú = – x3 – x + x sin2q + sin q cos q – cos q sin q + x cos2q
ê - sin p - sin 4p p
cos + cos
4p ú
êë 5 5 5 5 úû = – x3 – x + x = – x3
Similarly, D2 = – x3 Then, D1 + D2 = – 2x3
p
Then, det( B ) = 2 sin æç ö÷ ×
0 1
x -6 -1
è 5 ø -1 0 2 -3x x-3 = 0
5. (b) Given
-3 2x x+2
10 - 2 5 2.35
= » » 1.175
2 2 On expanding,
x (– 3x2 – 6x – 2x2 + 6x) – 6 (– 3x + 9 – 2x – 4)
\ det B Î (1, 2)
– (4x – 9x) = 0
x-2 2x - 3 3x - 4 Þ x (– 5x ) – 6 (– 5x + 5) – 4x + 9x = 0
2
2. (c) D = 2 x - 3 3x - 4 4x - 5 Þ x3 – 7x + 6 = 0
3x - 5 5x - 8 10 x - 17 Q all the roots are real.
0
\ sum of real roots = =0
x-2 x -1 x -1 1
Þ D = 2x - 3 x -1 x -1 éC3 ® C3 - C2 ù
ê ú 2 b 1
3x - 5 2 x - 3 5x - 9 ë C2 ® C2 - C1 û
2
b b +1 b
6. (a) |A| =
x-2 x -1 x -1 1 b 2
Þ D = x -1 0 0
[ R2 ® R2 - R1 ] = 2(2b2 + 2 – b2) – b(2b – b) + 1(b2 – b2 – 1)
3x - 5 2 x - 3 5x - 9 = 2b2 + 4 – b2 – 1 = b2 + 3
| A| 3
Þ D = -( x - 1)[( x - 1)(5 x - 9) - ( x - 1)(2 x - 3)] =b +
b b
Þ D = -( x - 1)[(5x 2 - 14 x + 9) - (2 x 2 - 5 x + 3)] 3 1
b+
= -3x + 12 x - 15x + 6
3 2
Q b ³ æ b 3ö 2 Þ b + 3 ³ 2 3
2 èç b ø÷ b
So, B + C = –3
| A|
x+a x+2 x +1 \ ³2 3
b
3. (d) If f ( x ) = x + b x +3 x +2
| A|
x+c x+4 x +3 Minimum value of is 2 3.
b

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Determinants M-289
Now, A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014 = A2014 (A2 – 2A – I)

x -4 2x 2x
Þ |A2016 – 2A2015 – A2014 | = | A2014 ||A2 – 2A –I|
7. (b) Here, 2x x-4 2x = (A+Bx) (x–A)2
2x 2x x -4 20 5
= | A|2014 -15 -5 = – 25
-4 0 0
Put x = 0 Þ 0 -4 0 = A3 Þ A3 = (-4)3 x2 + x x +1 x -2
2
0 0 -4 10. (a) Let 2x + 3x - 1 3x 3x - 3 = ax – 12
2
Þ A = -4 x + 2x + 3 2x - 1 2x - 1
x-4 2x 2x Put x = – 1 , we get

Þ 2x x-4 2x = (Bx - 4)(x + 4) 2
0 0 -3
2x 2x x-4
-2 -3 0
Now take x common from both the sides = –a – 12
2 -3 -3
Þ –3 (6 + 6) = –a – 12 Þ – 36 + 12 = a
1-
4
2x 2x Þ a = 24
x
4 4 4 x 1 1
2x 1- 2x = (B- )(1 + ) 2
\ x x x 1 y 1 ³0
11. (d)
4 1 1
2x 2x 1-
x
xy – x – y – + 2 ³ 0
xy + 2 ³ x + y + > 3 (xy)1/3
1
Now take x ® ¥ , then ®0 xy + 2 – 3(xy)1/3 ³ 0
x
ut(xy) = t3
1 2 2 t3 – 3t + 2 ³ 0
Þ 2 1 2 =BÞ B =5 (t + 2) (t – 1)2 ³ 0
2 2 1 [t = – 2] t3 = – 8
\ ordered pair (A, B) is (–4, 5) 1 cos q 1

8. (c) Since the given determinant is equal to ero. - sin q 1 - cos q
Þ 0 (0 – cos x sin x) – cos x(0 – cos2x) – sin x 12. (c) Let f (q) =
(sin2x – 0) = 0 -1 sin q 1
Þ cos3x – sin3x = 0
Þ tan3 = 1 Þ tan x = 1 = (1 + sin q cos q) - cos q( - sin q - cos q) + 1( - sin 2 q + 1)
æp ö tan p 3 + tan x = 1 + sin q cos q + sin q cos q + cos2 q - sin 2 q + 1

\ å tan çè 3 + x ÷ø = xå
Î s 1 - tan p 3.tan x = 2 + 2sin q cos q + cos 2q
xÎ s
= 2 + sin 2q + cos 2q ...(1)
3 +1
å 1- 3
Now, maximum value of (1)
xÎ s
is 2 + 12 + 12 = 2 + 2
3 +1 1+ 3 1+ 3+ 2 3 and minimum value of (1) is
å 1- ´
3 1+ 3
Þ å -2
xÎ s xÎs 2 - 12 + 12 = 2 - 2 .
= -2 - 3 13. (a) det [(I + B)50 – 50B]
é -4 -1ù é -4 -1ù é -4 -1ù = det [50C0 I + 50

C1 B + 50
C2 B2 + 50
C3 B3 + ...
9. (d) A = ê 3 1 ú Þ A2 = ê 3 1 ú ê 3 1 úû
50 50
+ C50 B B – 50B] 50
ë û ë ûë
{All terms having Bn, 2 £ n £ 50
é13 3 ù will be ero because given that B2 = 0}
= ê -9 -2 ú and |A| = 1.
ë û = det [I + 50B – 50B] = det [I] = 1

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M-290 Mathematics
14. (d) The matrices in the form

éa b ù
17. (b) Let A = ê ú where a, b, c, d ¹ 0
é a11 a12 ù ëc d û
êë a21 a22 úû , aij Î {0, 1, 2}, a11 = a12 are
éa b ù éa b ù
A2 = ê úê ú=I
é 0 0 /1/ 2ù é 1 0 /1/ 2 ù é 2 0 /1/ 2ù ëc d û ëc d û
êë 0 /1/ 2 , ,
0 úû êë0 /1/ 2 1 úû êë0 /1/ 2 2 úû éa 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
Þ A2 = ê ú=ê ú
At any place, 0/1/2 means 0, 1 or 2 will be the element at êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
that place.
Þ a 2 + bc = 1, bc + d 2 = 1
Hence there are total 27 = 3 × 3 + 3 × 3 + 3 × 3) matrices of the
above form. Out of which the matrices which are singular ab + bd = ac + cd = 0
are c ¹ 0 and b ¹ 0 Þ a + d = 0
é 0 0 / 1/ 2 ù é 0 0 ù é1 1ù é 2 2ù | A |= ad - bc = -a 2 - bc = -1
êë 0 , , ,
0 úû êë1/ 2 0 úû êë1 1úû êë 2 2úû Also if A ¹ I, then tr(A) = a + d = 0.
\ Statement-1 true and statement-2 false.
Hence there are total 7(= 3 + 2 + 1 + 1) singular matrices.
Therefore number of all non-singular matrices in the given éa b ù
18. (d) Let A = ê ú
form = 27 – 7 = 20 ëc d û
é a b ù é a b ù é1 0ù Given that A2 = I
15. (b) ê c d ú ê c d ú = ê0 1ú
ë ûë û ë û é a 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
Þ ê ú=ê ú
êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
é a 2 + bc ab + bd ù é1 0 ù
ê ú=ê ú Þ a2 + bc = 1 and ab + bd =0
êë ac + cd bc + d 2 úû ë 0 1 û
ac + cd = 0 and bc + d2 = 1
b(a + d) = 0, b = 0 or a = –d … (1) From these four equations,
c(a + d) = 0, c = 0 or a = – d … (2) a2 + bc = bc + d2 Þ a2 = d2
a2 + bc = 1, bc + d2 = 1 … (3) and b(a + d) = 0 = c(a + d) Þ a = – d
|A| = ad – bc = –a2 – bc = –1
‘a’ and ‘d’ are diagonal elements a + d = 0
statement-1 is correct. Also if A ¹ I then tr(A) = a + d = 0
\ Statement 2 is false.
Now, det( A) =ad - bc
é 5 5a a ù
Now, from (3) a 2 + bc = 1 and d 2 + bc = 1 19. (a) Given that A = ê 0 a 5a ú and | A2 | = 25
ê ú
So, a 2 - d 2 = 0 ë0 0 5û
Adding a 2 + d 2 + 2bc = 2 é5 5a a ù é5 5a a ù
\ A2 = ê0 a 5a ú ê0 a 5a ú
Þ (a + d )2 - 2ad + 2bc = 2 ê úê ú
ë0 0 5 û ë0 0 5û
or 0 - 2(ad - bc) = 2
é 25 25a + 5a 2 5a + 25a 2 + 5a ù
So, ad - bc = 1 Þ det( A) = –1 ê ú
=ê0 a2 5a 2 + 25a ú
So, statement – 2 is also true. êë 0 0 25 úû
But statement – 2 is not the correct explanation of
statement-1. \ | A2 | = 25 (25a 2 )
16. (d) We know that determinant of skew symmetric matrix
1
of odd order is ero. \ 25 = 25 (25a 2 ) Þ | a | =
5
So, statement-1 is true.
T
( )
We know that det A = det (A).
1 wn w 2n
20. (b) D = wn w 2n 1
det (– A) = – (– 1)n det (A).
2n
where A is a n ´ n order matrix. w 1 wn
So, statement-2 is false.

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Determinants M-291
Expand through R1 25. (a) C1 ® C1 + C2
(
3n n 2n
= 1 w -1 - w w - w )
2n
(
+ w 2n w n - w 4n ) ( ) 2 sin 2 q 4cos 6q
2 1 + sin q
2
4 cos 6q = 0
= w 3n - 1 - 0 + w 3n - w 6 n
1 sin 2 q 1 + 4 cos 6q
= 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 = 0 éQ w3n = 1ù R1 ® R1 – R2 , R2 ® R2 – R3
ë û
21. (b) Applying C2 ® C2 - C1 0 -1 0
1 1 -1 =0
- sin 2 q -1 1
1 sin q (1 + 4cos 6q)
2
f (q) = - cos 2 q -1 1
-2 -2 On expanding, we get 2 + 4 cos 6q = 0
12
1 æ pö
= 4(cos2 q - sin 2 q) cos 6q = - Q qÎ ç 0, ÷ Þ 6q (0, 2p)
2 è 3ø
æ p pö
= 4 cos 2q, q Î ç , ÷ 2p 4p p 2p
è 4 2ø Therefore, 6q = or Þ q = or
3 3 9 9
Max. f (q) = M = 0 26. (c) Let a = w and b = w2 are roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0
Min. f (q) = m = -4
y +1 w w2
So, (m, M ) = ( -4, 0)
& Let D = w y + w2 1 =D
22. (b) Use properties of determinant
2
x a+ y x+a x a x+a x 1 x +a w 1 y+w
y b+ y y +b = y b y +b + y y 1 y +b
Applying C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3
z c+ y z+c z c z +c z 1 z +c
x 1 x+a y + 1 + w + w2 w w2
=0+ y y- x 0 0 é R2 ® R2 - R1 , ù D = y + 1 + w + w2 y + w2 1
ê ú
z-x 0 -1 ë R3 ® R3 - R1 û
1 + w + w2 + y 1 y+w
= - y ( x - y ) = - y (b - a) = y (a - b)
0 2 1 y w w2
1
23. (b) D= 1 -1 1 = 5 D= y y + w2 1 (Q 1 + w + w2 = 0)
2
x¢ y ¢ 1 y 1 y+w
Þ – 2(1 – x¢) + (y ¢ + x¢) = ± 10

Þ – 2 + 2x¢ + y¢ + x¢ = ± 10 1 w w2
Þ 3x¢ + y¢ = 12 or 3x¢ + y¢ = – 8 D = y 1 y + w2 1
\ l = 3, – 2 1 1 y+w
24. (d) It is given that |B| = 81
Applying R2 ® R2 - R1 & R3 ® R3 - R1
b11 b12 b13 30 a11 31 a12 32 a13
\ B = b21 b22 b23 = 31 a21 32 a22 33 a23 y + w2 - w 1 - w2
b31 b32 b33 2 3 4 =D y
3 a31 3 a32 3 a33 1- w y + w - w2
Þ 81 = 33 × 32 × 31 |A|
=Þ D y é y - (w - w2 )( y + (w - w2 ) - (1 - w)(1 - w2 ) ù
1
ë û
Þ 34 = 36 |A| Þ A =
9 =Þ D y é y 2 - (w - w2 )2 - 1 + w2 + w - w3 ù
ë û

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M-292 Mathematics
C1 ® C1 – C3, C2 ® C2 – C3
Þ D = y é y 2 - w2 - w4 + 2w3 - 1 + w2 + w4 - w3 ù
ë û
0 0 1
(Q w4 = w)
0 – b –c –a 2b
Þ D = y (y2) = y3 D = (a + b + c)
c +a +b c+a+b c –a –b
1 1 1
= (a + b + c) (a + b + c)2
2 b c
27. (c) Consider, | A | = Hence, x = –2(a + b + c)
4 b2 c2
C2 ® C2 - C1 , C3 ® C3 - C1 -2 4+d sin q - 2
1 sin q + 2 d
30. (a) det(A) =
1 0 0
5 2sin q - d - sin q + 2 + 2d
2 b-2 c-2
|A|=
4 (b - 2)(b + 2) (c - 2)(c + 2) Applying R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 + R1 we get
= (b – 2) (c – 2) (c – b)
-2 4+d sin q - 2
\ 2, b, c are in A.P.
1 sin q + 2 d
\ (b – 2) = (c – b) = d and c – 2 = 2d det (A) =
1 0 0
Þ | A | = d.2d.d = 2d3
Q| A |Î [2,16] Þ 1 £ d 3 £ 8 Þ 1 £ d £ 2 = d(4 + d) – (sin2q – 4)
4 £ 2d + 2 £ 6 Þ 4 £ c £ 6 Þ det (A) = d2 + 4d + 4 – sin2q = (d + 2)2 – sin2q
Minimum value of det (A) is attained when sin2q = 1
1 sin q 1
\ (d + 2)2 –1 = 8 Þ (d + 2)2 = 9 Þ d + 2 = ± 3
- sin q 1 sin q
28. (d) |A| = Þ d = –5 or 1
-1 - sin q 1
31. (b) Let common ratio of G.P. be R
0 0 2 Þ a2 = a1R, a3 = a1R2, ... a10 = a1R9
- sin q 1 sin q C1 ® C1 – C2, C2 ® C2 – C3
= R1 ® R1 + R3
-1 - sin q 1
= 2(sin2q + 1) æ ar ak ö æ ar ak ö
ln ç 1r 2k ÷ ln ç 2r 3k ÷ ln a3r a4k
æ 3p 5p ö æ 1ö è a2 a3 ø è a3 a4 ø
Since, q Î çè , ÷ø Þ sin2q Î çè 0, ÷ø
4 4 2 æ ar ak ö æ ar ak ö
ln ç 4r 5k ÷ ln ç 5r 6k ÷ ln a6r a7k
\ det(A) Î [2, 3) è a5 a6 ø è a6 a7 ø
D=
æ3 ù a7r a8k æ ar ak ö
[2, 3) Ì çè , 3ú ln ln ç r8 k9 ÷ ln a9r a10
k
2 û
a8r a9k è a9 a10 ø
a –b–c 2a 2a
2b b–c –a 2b
29. (d) D =
2c 2c c –a –b 1 1
ln ln ln a3r a4k
Rr +k R r +k
R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3 1 1
ln r + k ln r +k ln a6r a7k = 0
a +b+c a +b+c a +b+c D= R R
2b b–c–a 2b 1 1
D= ln r + k ln r +k ln a9r a10
k
2c 2c c –a –b R R
1 1 1 "r , K Î N
2b b–c–a 2b Hence, number of elements in S is infinitely many.
= (a + b + c)
2c 2c c – a –b

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Determinants M-293
32. (a) det(A) = |A|

\ æ b - 2 öæ 8 ö = –1
ç ÷ç ÷
è a + 2 øè 3 ø
et e -t cos t e -t sin t
Þ 3a + 8b = 1 ... (2)
et - e -t cos t - e- t sin t - e- t sin t + e- t cos t Solving (1) and (2), we get
=
et 2e- t sin t -2e -t cos t 1
a = 2, b =
2
1 cos t sin t æ 1ö
et × e -t × e -t 1 - cost - sint - sin t + cos t orthocentre is ç 2, ÷
= è 2ø
1 2sin t -2cos t 34. (b) Given 2w + 1 = z;
3i - 1
and = 3i Þ w =
2
0 2cos t + sin t 2sin t - cos t Þ w is complex cube root of unity
R1 ® R1 - R2
e -t 0 - cos t - 3sin t - sin t + 3cos t Applying R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
= R2 ® R2 + R3
1 2sin t -2cos t 3 0 0
1 -w - 1 w22
=
1 w2 w
0 -5sin t 5cos t
= 3 (–1 – w – w) = –3 (1 + 2w) = – 3
e -t 0 - cos t - 3sin t - sin t + 3cos t R1 ® R1 + 2 R2
= Þ k=–
1 2sin t -2cos t
cos x sin x sin x
= e–t[(–5 sin t)(–sin t + 3 cos t) – 5 cos t (–cos t – 3 sin t)
35. (c) sin x cos x sin x = 0
= 5e–t ¹ 0, V t Î R sin x sin x cos x
\ A is invertible.
R1 ® R1 – R2
33. (a) Let A (k, –3k), B(5, k) and C(–k + 2),
R2 ® R2 – R3
we have
k -3k 1 cos x - sin x sin x - cos x 0
1 cos x - sin x sin x - cos x = 0
5 k 1 = 28 0
2
-k 2 1 sin x sin x cos x
Þ 5k + 13k – 46 = 0
2
C2 ® C2 + C3
or 5k2 + 13k + 66 = 0
cos x - sin x sin x - cos x 0
Now, 5k2 + 13k – 46 = 0
0 0 sin x - cos x = 0
-13 ± 1089 -23
Þ k= \ k= ;k = 2 sin x sin x cos x
10 5
since k is an integer, \ k = 2 Expanding using second row
Also 5k2 + 13k + 66 = 0 2 sin x (sin x – cos x)2 = 0
sin x = 0 or sin x = cos x
-13 ± -1151 p
Þ k= x = 0 or x =
10 4
So no real solution exist 36. (a) Consider
A(2, –6), B(5, 2) and C(–2, 2)
3 1 + f (1) 1 + f (2)
For orthocentre H (a, b)
1 + f (1) 1 + f (2) 1 + f (3)
BH ^ AC
1 + f (2) 1 + f (3) 1 + f (4)
æ b - 2 öæ 8 ö
\ ç ÷ç ÷ = –1
è a - 5 øè -4 ø 1+1 +1 1+ a + b 1 + a 2 + b2
Þ a – 2b = 1 ...(1) = 1+ a + b 1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a 3 + b3
Also CH ^ AB
1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a3 + b3 1 + a 4 + b4

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M-294 Mathematics
1 1 1 1 1 1 a2 b2 c2
= 1 a b ´ 1 a b 1
[Q |A| = |A |] 2 2 2 2 2 2
D = (a + l ) - (a - l ) (b + l ) - (b - l ) (c + l ) - (c - l )
2 2 2 2
1 a b 1 a b ( a - l )2 (b - l )2 (c - l ) 2
2
1 1 1
a b a2 b2 c2
= 1 = [(1 – a) (1 – b) (a – b)]2
= 4al 4bl 4c l
1 a2 b2
2 2
(a - l ) (b - l ) (c - l ) 2
So, K = 1
n -1
n (n - 1) (Q ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2 = 4 xy )
37. (d) å r = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + (n – 1) =
r =1 2 Taking out 4 common from R2

n -1
å (2 r - 1) = 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + [2 (n – 1) – 2] a2 b2 c2
r =1 al bl cl
= (n – 1)2 =4
n -1 a + l - 2al b + l - 2bl c + l 2 - 2cl
2 2 2 2 2
å (3r - 2) = 1 + 4 + 7 + .. + (3n – 3 – 2)
r =1 Apply R3 ® [R3 – (R1 – 2R2)]
(n - 1)(3n - 4)
= a2 b2 c2
2
= 4 al bl cl
Sr S (2 r - 1) S (3r - 2) l 2
l 2
l2
n -1
å
n
\ Dr = n -1 a Taking out l common from R2 and l2 from R3.
r =1 2
n(n - 1) ( n - 1)(3n - 4)
(n - 1)2 a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
2 2 2
= 4l ( l ) a b c = kl a b c
n -1
å
1 1 1 1 1 1
D r consists of (n – 1) determinants in L.H.S. and
r =1
Þ k = 4l2
in R.H.S every constituent of first row consists of
(n – 1) elements and hence it can be splitted into sum
of (n – 1) determinants. a b c a +b +c a+b+c a+b+c
n(n - 1) (n - 1)(3n - 4) 39. (b) b c a = b c a
(n - 1)2
2 2 c a b c a b
n -1
\ å Dr =
n
n -1 a
r =1 2 1 1 1
n(n - 1) (n - 1)(3n - 4) = (a + b + c) b c a
(n - 1)2 c a b
2 2
=0
(Q R1 and R3 are identical) 0 0 1
= (a + b + c) b - c c-a a
n -1
c-a a -b b
Hence, value of å Dr is independent of both 'a' and 'n'.
r =1 = (a + b + c) [ab + bc + ca – a2 – b2 – c2]
= – (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
a2 b2 c2
Since a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, therefore at
(a + l)2 (b + l )2 (c + l ) 2 least two of the a, b, c will be unequal.
38. (c) Let D =
\ (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 > 0
(a - l)2 (b - l )2 (c - l ) 2
Also a + b + c > 0
Apply R2 ® R2 – R3 \ – (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2] < 0

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Determinants M-295
b2 + c 2 ab ac 0 2 ( a + b) a - c
D = 2 ( a + b) 0 b-c
40. (c) Let D = ab c2 + a 2 bc
a-c b-c -2c
ac bc a + b2
2
On expanding, we get
Multiply C1 by a, C2 by b and C3 by c and hence divide by D = – 2 (a + b) {– 2c [2(a + b)] – (a – c) (b – c)}
abc.
+ (a – c) [2(a + b) (b – c)]
(
a b2 + c 2 ) ab2 ac 2 D = 8c (a + b) (a + b) + 4 (a + b) (a – c) (b – c)
= 4 (a + b) [2ac + 2bc + ab – bc – ac + c2]
=
1
abc
a 2b (
b c2 + a 2 ) bc2 = 4 (a + b) [ac + bc + ab + c2]
( )
= 4(a + b) [c(a + c) + b (a + c)]

a2c b 2c c a 2 + b2
= 4 (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Take out a, b, c common from R1, R2 and R3 respectively. = a (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
Hence, a = 4
b2 + c 2 b2 c2 42. (b) Vertices of triangle in complex form is
abc z, iz, z + iz
\ D= a2 c2 + a 2 c2
abc In cartesian form vertices are
a2 b2 a 2 + b2 (x, y), (– y, x) and (x – y, x + y)
Apply C1® C1 – C2 – C3 x y 1
1
\ Area of triangle = -y x 1
0 b2 c2 2
x- y x+ y 1
D = -2c 2 c2 + a 2 c2 1
= [x (x – x – y) – y (– y – x + y) + 1 (– yx – y2 – x2 + xy)]
-2b2 b2 a2 + b2 2
1 1
= [– xy + xy – y2 – x2] = (x2 + y2)
0 b2 c2 2 2
(Q Area can not be negative)
= -2 c 2 c2 + a 2 c2
b2 b2 a2 + b2 =
1 2
2
z ( 2
Q z = x + iy , z = x 2 + y 2 )
Apply C2 – C1 and C3 – C1 43. (b) Given parabola is x2 = 8y
Þ 4a = 8 Þ a = 2
0 b2 c2
To find: Area of DABC
2
= -2 c a2 0 = – 2 [– b2 (c2a2) + c2 (– a2b2)] A = (– 2a, a) = (– 4, 2)
b2 0 a2 B = (2a, a) = (4, 2)
= 2a2b2c2 + 2a2b2c2 = 4a2b2c2 C = (0, 0)
But D = ka2b2c2 \ k = 4 A B
(– 2a, a) (2a, a)
-2a a+b a+c
41. (c) Let D = b + a -2b b + c
c + a b + c -2c
C (0, 0)
Applying C1 + C3 and C2 + C3
-a + c 2a + b + c a + c -4 2 1
1 1
2b + a + c -b + c b+c \ Area = 4 2 1 = [– 4 (2) – 2(4) + 1(0)]
D= 2 2
a-c b-c -2c 0 0 1
-16
Now, applying R1 + R3 and R2 + R3 = = -8 » 8 sq. unit (Q area cannot be negative )
2

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M-296 Mathematics
44. (b) 46. (b) Let r be the common ratio of an G.P., then
a a +1 a -1 a +1 b +1 c -1 log an log an+1 log an+ 2
-b b + 1 b - 1 + a -1 b -1 c +1 = 0
c c -1 c +1 (-1) n+ 2 a ( -1)n +1 b (-1)n c log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8
n +2
a a +1 a -1 a + 1 a -1 ( -1) a log a1r n -1 log a1r n log a1r n +1
n+1
Þ -b b + 1 b - 1 + b + 1 b - 1 ( -1) b =0 = log a1r n+ 2 log a1r n +3 log a1r n + 4
c c -1 c + 1
c -1 c + 1 ( -1) n c log a1r n+ 5 log a1r n+ 6 log a1r n+ 7
(Taking transpose of second determinant)
log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r log a1 + (n + 1) log r
C1 Û C3
= log a1 + ( n + 2) log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r log a1 + (n + 4) log r

log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6)log r log a2 + (n + 7) log r
a a + 1 a -1 ( -1)n + 2 a a -1 a + 1 Applying C3 ® C3 + C1, we get
n+ 2
Þ
-b b + 1 b - 1 - ( -1) ( -b) b - 1 b + 1 = 0 log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r 2 [log a1 + n log r ]
c c -1 c +1 = log a1 + ( n + 2)log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r 2 [log a1 + ( n + 3) log r ]
n+2
(-1) c c + 1 c -1 log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6) log r 2 [log a1 + (n + 6) log r ]
=0
C2 Û C3
47. (d) Applying, C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
a a + 1 a -1 a a + 1 a -1
Þ -b b + 1 b - 1 + (-1)n+ 2 -b b + 1 b - 1 = 0 1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
f (x) = 1 + (a + b + c + 2) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
2 2 2
c c -1 c +1 c c -1 c + 1
1 + (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2) x (1 + b 2 ) x 1 + c2 x
a a + 1 a -1
é1 + (-1)n+ 2 ù -b b + 1 b - 1 = 0 [Q a2 + b2 + c2 = –2]
Þ
ë û
c c -1 c + 1 1 (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
C2 – C1, C3 – C1 = 1 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x
a 1 -1 1 (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c2 x
Þ é1 + (-1)n+ 2 ù -b 2b + 1 2b - 1 = 0 R + R Applying, R2 ® R2 - R1 , R3 ® R3 - R1
ë û 1 3
c -1 1
1 (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
a+c 0 0 \ f (x) = 0 1- x 0
Þ é1 + ( -1) n+ 2 ù -b 2b + 1 2b - 1 = 0 0 0 1- x
ë û
c -1 1
f (x) = ( x - 1)2
Þ [1+ (– 1) ](a + c) (2b + 1+ 2b – 1) = 0
n+2
Hence degree = 2.
Þ 4b (a + c) [1 + (–1)n + 2] = 0 48. (d) Let r be the common ratio of an G.P., then
Þ 1 + (–1)n + 2 = 0 as b (a + c) ¹ 0
log an log an+1 log an+ 2
Þ n should be an odd integer.
1 1 1
log an+ 6 log an+ 7 log an+8
45. (d) Given that, D = 1 1 + x 1
1 1 1+ y log a1r n-1 log a1r n log a1r n+1
= log a1r n + 2 log a1r n+ 3 log a1r n + 4
Applying R2 ® R2 – R1 and R3 ® R3 – R1
log a1r n +5 log a1r n+ 6 log a1r n + 7
1 1 1
\ D = 0 x 0 = xy log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r log a1 + (n + 1) log r
0 0 y = log a1 + ( n + 2) log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r log a1 + (n + 4) log r
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6)log r log a2 + (n + 7) log r
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y

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Determinants M-297
Applying C3 ® C3 + C1, we get 5 2a 1

0 2 1
Now, | B | = = 2a2 – 2a – 25
log a1 + ( n - 1) log r log a1 + n log r 2 [log a1 + n log r ]
a 3 -1
= log a1 + ( n + 2)log r log a1 + (n + 3) log r 2 [log a1 + ( n + 3) log r ]
log a1 + ( n + 5) log r log a1 + (n + 6) log r 2 [log a1 + (n + 6) log r ] Given, det. (A) + 1 = 0
=0 1
Þ +1 = 0
a b ax + b 2a 2 - 2a - 25
49. (c) Given that b c bx + c
2a 2 - 2a - 24
ax + b bx + c 0 Þ =0
2a 2 - 2a - 25
Applying R3 ® R3 – (xR1 + R2); Þ a = 4, – 3 Þ Sum of values = 1
a b ax + b 54. (b)
= b c bx + c é1 1ù é1 2 ù é1 3ù é1 4 ù é1 n - 1ù é1 78 ù
ê 0 1ú ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú ê0 1 ú ... ê 0 =
1 úû êë 0 1 úû
2
0 0 -(ax + 2bx + c) ë ûë ûë ûë û ë
= (ax2 + 2bx + c)(b2 – ac) = (+)(–) = –ve.
é1 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + ( n - 1) ù é1 78 ù
[Given that discriminant of ax2 + 2bx + c is –ve Þê ú = ê0 1 ú
\ 4b2 – 4ac < 0 Þ b2 – ac < 0] ë0 1 û ë û
50. (d) l = ARp –1 Þ log l = log A + (p – 1) log R (n - 1)n
Þ = 78 Þ n2 – n – 15 = 0
m = ARq –1 Þ log m = log A + (q – 1) log R 2
n = ARr –1 Þ log n = log A + (r – 1) log R Þ n = 13
log l p 1 log A + ( p - 1) log R p 1
é1 n ù é1 13ù
Now, log m q 1 = log A + (q - 1) log R q 1 Now, the matrix ê ú=ê ú
ë 0 1 û ë0 1 û
log n r 1 log A + (r - 1) log R r 1
Operating é1 13ù é1 -13ù
Then, the required inverse of ê ú =ê ú
ë 0 1 û ë0 1 û
0 p 1
C1 – (log R)C2 + (log R – log A) C3 = 0 q 1 =0 55. (c) Let |A| = a, |B| = b
0 r 1 1 1
Þ |AT| = a |A–1| = , |BT| = b, |B–1| =
a b
51. (a) | ad A | = | A |2 = 9 Q |ABAT| = 8 Þ |A| |B| |AT| = 8¼(1)
n -1
[Q | ad A | = | A | ] Þ a.b.a = 8 Þ a2b = 8
Þ | A | = ±3 = l Þ | l | = 3 1
Q |AB–1| = 8 Þ |A| |B–1| = 8 Þ a . =8 ¼(2)
b
Þ | B | = | ad A |2 = 81
From (1) & (2)
-1 T -1 -1 1 1
m = | (B ) | = | B | = |B| = = 1
| B | 81 a = 4, b =
2
1 1 2 1 b2 1
52. (a) A =1 3 4 = ((9 + 4) - 1(3 - 4) + 2(-1 - 3)) Then, |BA–1BT| = |B| |A–1| |BT| = b . .b= =
a a 16
1 -1 3
écos q - sin q ù
= 13 + 1 – 8 = 6 56. (c) A = ê sin q cos q ú Þ | A| = 1
|adjB| = |adj(adjA)| = |A|(n – 1) = |A|4 = (36)2
2 ë û
|C| = |3A| = 3 × 6
3
é cos q sin q ù
T
é+ cos q - sin q ù
| adjB | 36 ´ 36 ad(A) = ê
+ q + q ú = ê - sin q cos q ú
Hence, = 3 =8 ë sin cos û ë û
|C | 3 ´6
é cos q sin q ù
(c) Q B = A = Þ | B | =
–1
1 Þ A–1 = ê - sin q cos q ú = B
53.
| A| ë û

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M-298 Mathematics
é cos q sin q ù é cos q sin q ù é6 – 4ù

B2 = ê - sin q cos q ú ê- sin q cos q ú A= ê ú ... From (1)
ë ûë û ë0 2 û
é cos 2q sin 2q ù é36 – 32 ù

= ê- sin 2q cos 2q ú Þ A2 = ê
ë û ë0 4 úû
é cos3q sin 3q ù For k = – 6

Þ B3 = ê - sin3q cos3q ú
ë û é– 6 4 ù
ÞA=ê ú .... From (1)
é cos(50q) sin(50q) ù ë 0 – 2û
Þ A–50 = B50 = ê- sin(50q) cos(50q) ú
ë û é36 – 32 ù
Þ A2 = ê
4 úû
ë0
é 3 1 ù
ê ú 58. (a) We have
2 2 ú
( A-50 ) p ê (A – 3I) (A – 5I) = O
q= = ê 1 3ú Þ A2 – 8A + 15I = O
12
ê- ú
ë 2 2 û Multiplying both sides by A – 1, we get;
A – 1 A . A – 8A – 1 A + 15A – 1 I = A – 1 O
é æ 50 p ö æ pö p 3ù Þ A – 8I + 15A – 1 = O
êQ cos ç ÷ = cos ç 4 p + ÷ = cos = ú A + 15A – 1 = 8I
ë è 12 ø è 6 ø 6 2 û
A 15 A -1
é1 2ù + = 4I
57. (d) Since A . ê ú is a scalar matrix and |3A| = 108 2 2
ë 0 3û
1 15 16
ék 0 ù \ a+b= + = =8
suppose the scalar matrix is ê 2 2 2
ú
ë0 k û é 2 -3ù
59. (c) We have A = ê ú
ë -4 1 û
é1 2ù é k 0 ù
\A. ê ú =ê ú é 16 -9 ù é 48 -27 ù
ë 0 3û ë 0 k û Þ A2 = ê -12 13 ú Þ 3A2 = ê -36 39 ú
ë û ë û
–1
é k 0 ù é1 2 ù é 24 -36 ù
ÞA= ê ú ê ú Also 12A = ê -48 12 ú
ë 0 k û ë0 3 û ë û
[ \ AB = C Þ ABB–1 = CB–1 Þ A = CB–1] é 48 -27 ù é 24 -36 ù
\ 3A2 + 12A = ê -36 39 ú + ê -48 12 ú
1 é k 0 ù é 3 – 2ù ë û ë û
Þ A= ê úê ú
3 ë0 k û ë0 1 û é 72 -63ù
=ê ú
ë -84 51 û
é 2ù
1 – ú é 51 63ù
ék 0 ù ê 3 ad (3A2 + 12A) = ê ú
Þ A=ê úê ú ë84 72 û
ë 0 k û ê0 1 ú
ëê 3 úû 60. (b)
61. (d) Given that A(ad A) = A AT
é 2 ù
êk – 3 k ú Pre-multiply by A
–1
both side, we get
Þ A=ê ú
ê0 k ú ... (1) Þ A A (ad A) = A A A
–1 –1 T
êë 3 úû
T
ad A = A
Q |3 A| = 108
é 2 b ù é 5a 3 ù
Þê ú=ê ú
Þ 108 =
3k – 2k ë -3 5a û ë- b 2 û
2
0 k Þ a = and b = 3
5
Þ 3k2 = 108 Þ k2 = 36 Þk =±6
For k = 6 Þ 5a + b = 5

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Determinants M-299
62. (a) A2 – 5A = – 7I 67. (c) Given that P3 = Q3 ...(1)

AAA–1 – 5AA–1 = –7I A–1 and P2Q = Q2P ...(2)
AI – 5I = –7A–1 Subtracting (1) and (2), we get
A – 5I = –7A–1 P3 – P2Q = Q3 – Q2P
1
A–1 = (5I – A) Þ P2 (P–Q) + Q2 (P – Q) = 0
7 Þ (P2 + Q2) (P–Q) = 0
A3 – 2A2 – 3A + I = A (5A – 7I) – 2A2 – 3A + I Q P ¹ Q, \ P + Q = 0
2 2
= 5A2 – 7A – 2A2 – 3A + I = 3A2 – 10A + I Hence |P2 + Q2| = 0

= 3 (5A – 7I) – 10A + I = 5A – 20I = 5(A – 4I)
63. (a) |5. ad A | = 5 Þ 53. |A|3–1 = 5 æ1ö æ0ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
68. (d) Let Au1 = ç 0 ÷ and Au2 = ç 1 ÷
1
ç0÷ ç0÷
Þ 125 |A|2 = 5 Þ |A| = ± è ø è ø

5
64. (d) BB' = B ( A-1 A ') ' = B ( A ') '( A-1 ) ' æ 1ö æ0ö
ç ÷ ç ÷
= BA (A–1)' = ( A -1 A ')( A( A -1) ') Then, Au1 + Au2 = ç 0 ÷ + ç 1 ÷
ç0÷ ç0÷
= A–1A .A'.(A–1)' {as AA' = A'A} è ø è ø
= I(A A)' = I × I = I = I
–1 2
æ 1ö
ç ÷
Þ A ( u1 + u2 ) = ç 1 ÷ ...(1)
é1 2 3ù é0 0 1ù
ç0÷
65. (a) Given A ê0 2 3ú = êê1 0 0úú è ø
ê ú
ëê0 1 1ûú êë0 1 0úû æ1 0 0ö
Applying C1 « C3 ç ÷
Given that A = ç2 1 0÷
ç 3 2 1÷
é3 2 1ù é1 0 0ù è ø
ê 0 1ú
A ê3 ú
2 0 = ê0 ú Þ |A| = 1(1) – 0 (2) + 0 (4 – 3) = 1
ê ú
ëê1 1 0ûú êë0 1 0úû C11 = 1 C21 = 0 C31 = 0
Again Applying C2 « C3 C12 = –2 C22 = 1 C32 = 0
C13 = 1 C23 = –2 C33 = 1
é3 1 2ù é1 0 0ù
ê3 0 2ú ê0 1 0ú é 1 0 0ù
A ê ú = ê ú
\ adjA = êê -2 0 0 úú
êë1 0 1úû êë0 0 1úû
êë 1 -2 1 úû
pre-multiplying both sides by A–1
We know,
é3 1 2ù é 1 0 0ù
A–1 A êê3 0 2úú = A–1 ê 0 1 0ú A-1 =
1
adjA
ê ú A
ëê1 0 1úû êë0 0 1úû
é3 1 2ù
Þ A -1 = adj ( A ) (Q A = 1)
ê3 0 2ú Now, from equation (1), we have
I ê ú = A–1 I = A–1
ëê1 0 1úû æ 1ö
-1 ç ÷
(Q A–1A = I and I = Identity matrix) u1 + u2 = A ç 1÷
ç0÷
é3 1 2ù è ø
ê3 0 2ú
Hence, A = ê –1
ú é 1 0 0ù æ 1 ö é 1 ù
ç ÷
ëê1 0 1úû = êê -2 1 0 úú ç 1 ÷ = êê -1úú
66. (b) | P | = 1(12 – 12) – a(4 – 6) + 3(4 – 6) = 2a – 6 êë 1 -2 1úû èç 0 ø÷ êë -1úû
Now, ad A = P Þ | ad A | = | P |
Þ | A |2 = | P | é0 0 aù
Þ | P | = 16 ê ú
69. (c) A = ê 0 b c ú , |A| = – abd ¹ 0
Þ 2a – 6 = 16 êë d e f úû
Þ a = 11

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M-300 Mathematics
c11 = + (bf – ce), c12 = – (– cd) = cd, c13 = + (– bd) = –bd

é 0 ag ù
c21 = –(–ea) = ae, c22 = + (–ad) = –ad, c23 = –(0) = 0 Now, AB = ê ú
ëbd 0 û
c31 = + (–ab) = – ab, c32 = – (0) = 0, c33 = 0
é 0 gb ù
é (bf - ce) ae -ab ù and BA = ê ú
ê
cd -ad 0 ú
ú ë da 0 û
Ad A = ê
êë -bd 0 0 úû Statement - 1 :
é 0 g ( a - b)ù
ébf - ce ae -ab ù AB - BA = ê ú
1 1 ê ú ë d ( b - a ) 0 û
A– 1 = (ad A) = ê cd -ad 0 ú
AB - BA = ( a - b) gd ¹ 0
| A| abd 2
êë -bd 0 0 úû
\ AB – BA is always an invertible matrix.

é0 0 d ù Hence, statement - 1 is true.
ê ú But AB – BA can be identity matrix if g = – d or d = – g
T
A = ê0 b e ú
êë a c f úû So, statement - 2 is false.
71. (b) For reflexive
Now A–1 = AT
A = P -1 AP is true,
ébf - ce ae -ab ù é0 0 d ù For P = I, which is an invertible matrix.
1 ê ú ê ú
Þ
-abd ê
cd -ad 0 ú = ê0 b e ú ( A, A) Î R
êë -bd 0 0 úû êë a c f úû \ R is reflexive.
For symmetry
é 0 - abd 2 ù
ébf - ce ae - ab ù ê
0
ú As ( A, B) ÎR for matrix P
ê ú
Þ ê cd - ad 0 ú = ê 0 -ab 2d -abde ú
ê ú A = P-1 BP
ëê -bd 0 0 ûú ê -a 2bd
ë
- abcd - abdf ú
û Þ PAP-1 = B
\ bf – ce = ae = cd = 0 ...(i) Þ B = PAP -1
2 2 2
abd = ab, ab d = ad, a bd = bd ...(ii)
( )
-1
abde = abcd = abdf = 0 ...(iii) Þ B = P –1 A (P–1)
From (ii), \ (B, A) Î R for matrix P -1
(abd 2 ). (ab2d). (a2bd) = ab. ad. bd \ R is symmetric.
Þ (abd)4 – (abd)2 = 0 For transitivity
Þ (abd)2 [(abd)2 – 1] = 0 A = P-1 BP
Q abd ¹ 0 , \ abd = ±1 ...(iv) and B = P–1CP
From (iii) and (iv),
e=c=f=0 ...(v)
Þ (
A = P –1 P -1CP P )
From (i) and (v),
( ) CP
2
Þ A = P -1 2
bf = ae = cd = 0 ...(vi)
A = (P ) C (P )
From (iv), (v) and (vi), it is clear that a, b, d can be any 2 -1
Þ
2
non-ero integer such that abd = ± 1
But it is only possible, if a = b = d = ± 1 \ (A, C) ÎR for matrix P
2
Hence, there are 2 choices for each a, b and d. \ R is transitive.
there fore, there are 2×2×2 choices for a, b and d. Hence So R is equivalence.
number of required matrices = 2×2×2=(2)3 So, statement-1 is true.
We know that if A and B are two invertible matrices of
éa 0ù order n, then
70. (a) Let A and B be real matrices such that A = ê ú
ë 0 bû (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1
So, statement-2 is true.
é0 g ù 72. (a) We know that if A is square matrix of order n then
and B = ê ú
ëd 0û adj (adj A) = | A | n–2 A.
= | A |0 A = A

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Determinants M-301
Also | adj A | = | A | n–1 = | A | 2–1 = | A |

1 1 1
\ Both the statements are true but statement-2 is not a
correct explanation for statement-1 .
77. (c) D= 1 2 3 =0Þl =5
73. (c) Given that all entries of square matrix A are integers, 1 3 l
therefore all cofactors should also be integers. 2 1 1
If det A = ± 1 then A–1 exists. Also all entries of A–1 are
Dx = 5 2 3 = 0 Þ m = 8
integers.
74. (d) Given that A2 – A + I = 0 m 3 5
Pre-multiply by A–1 both side, we get 78. (3.00)
For non-ero solution, D = 0
A-1 A2 - A-1 A + A-1.I = A-1.0
-1
Þ A - I + A-1 = 0 or A = I - A . l - 1 3l + 1 2l
Þ l - 1 4l - 2 l+3 =0
é 4 2 2ù
3l + 1 3(l - 1)
75. (a) Given that 10 B = ê -5 0 a ú
2
ê ú
êë 1 -2 3 úû Þ 6l 3 - 36l 2 + 54l = 0
Þ 6l[l 2 - 6l + 9] = 0
é 4 2 2ù
Þ B = ê -5 0 a ú
1 Þ l = 0, l = 3 [Distinct values]
10 ê ú
ëê 1 -2 3 úû Then, the sum of distinct values of l = 0 + 3 = 3.
2 -4 l
Given that B = A-1 Þ AB = I
79. (a) Q 1 -6 1 = 0 Þ 3l 2 - 7l - 12 = 0
é 1 -1 1 ù é 4 2 2 ù é 1 0 0 ù l -10 4
1 ê úê ú ê ú
Þ 2 1 -3ú ê -5 0 a ú = ê0 1 0 ú
10 ê Þ l = 3 or -
2
êë 1 1 1 úû êë 1 -2 3 úû êë0 0 1 úû
3
1 -4 l
é10 0 5 - 2 ù é1 0 0ù D1 = 2 -6 1 = 2(3 - l )
1 ê
Þ 0 10 -5 + a úú = êê0 1 0úú 3 -10 4
10 ê
êë 0 0 5 + a úû êë0 0 1 úû
2
\ When l = - , D1 ¹ 0.
5- a 3
Þ =0Þa=5 2
10 Hence, equations will be inconsistent when l = - .
3
80. (a) Since, system of linear equations has non-ero
é 0 0 -1ù
ê ú solution
76. (a) Given that A = ê 0 -1 0 ú
\D = 0
êë -1 0 0 úû
1 1 3
clearly A ¹ 0. Also |A| = -1 ¹ 0 Þ 1 3 k2 = 0
é -1 0 0 ù 3 1 3
-1 - = ê 0 -1 0 ú ¹ A
\ A exists, further ( 1) I
ê ú Þ 1(9 - k 2 ) - 1(3 - 3k 2 ) + 3(1 - 9) = 0
êë 0 0 -1ûú Þ 9 - k 2 - 3 + 3k 2 - 24 = 0
Þ 2k 2 = 18 Þ k 2 = 9, k = ±3
é 0 0 -1ù é 0 0 -1ù So, equations are
Also A = ê 0 -1 0 ú ê 0 -1 0 ú
2
x + y + 3z = 0 ...(i)
ê úê ú
êë -1 0 0 úû êë -1 0 0 úû x + 3y + 9z = 0 ...(ii)
3x + y + 3z = 0 ...(iii)
é1 0 0ù Now, from equation (i) – (ii),
= ê0 1 0ú = I -2 y - 6 z = 0 Þ y = -3z Þ = -3
y
ê ú ...(iv)
êë0 0 1úû z
Now, from equation (i) – (iii),

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M-302 Mathematics
-2 x = 0 Þ x = 0 Put z = 0 in equation (i), we get x = 2y
So, x +
y
= 0 - 3 = -3
Q15 £ x2 + y 2 + z 2 £ 150
z
81. (5.00) Þ 15 £ 4 y 2 + y 2 £ 150
For infinitely many solutions, [Q x = 2 y, z = 0]
D = D1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0
Þ 3 £ y 2 £ 30
1 -2 3 Þ y = ±2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 5
D= 2 1 1 =0 Þ 8 solutions.
1 -7 a
2 -1 2
Þ (a + 7) - 2(1 - 2a) + 3(-15) = 0 D = 1 -2 l = -(l - 1)(2l + 1)
85. (d)
Þ a =8 1 l 1
1 -2 9 2 -1 2
D3 = 2 1 b =0 D1 = -4 -2 l = -2(l 2 + 6l - 4)
1 -7 24 4 l 1
For no solution D = 0 and at least one of D1, D2 and D3 is
Þ (24 + 7b) - 2(b - 48) + 9(-15) = 0 non-ero.
Þ b =3 1
\ D = 0 Þ l = 1, - and D1 ¹ 0
\ a - b = 5. 2
82. (b) Given that Ax = b has solutions x1, x2, x3 and b is ì 1ü
equal to b1, b2 and b3 Hence, S = í1, - ý
î 2þ
\ x1 + y1 + z1 = 1
86. (d) Q | P | = 1( -3 + 36) - 2(2 + 4) + 1( -18 - 3) = 0
Þ 2 y1 + z1 = 2 Þ z1 = 2 Given that PX = 0
Determinant of coefficient matrix \ System of equations
1 1 1 x + 2 y + z = 0 ; 2x - 3 y + 4z = 0
| A| = 0 2 1 = 2 and x + 9 y - z = 0 has infinitely many solution.
0 0 1 Let z = k ÎR and solve above equations, we get
11k 2k
1 1 1 x= - , y= ,z=k
7 7
83. (d) 2 4 -1 = 0 [Q Equation has many solutions]
But given that x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
3 2 l
7
\k = ±
9 174
Þ -15 + 6 + 2l = 0 Þ l =
2 \ Two solutions only.
87. (c) The given system of linear equations
1 1 2
7x + 6y – 2z = 0 ...(i)
\ DZ = 2 4 6 =0 Þ m = 5 3x + 4y + 2z = 0 ...(ii)
3 2 2m x – 2y – 6z = 0 ...(iii)
Now, determinant of coefficient matrix
\ 2l + m = 14.
84. (8) 7 6 -2
The given system of equations D=3 4 2
x - 2 y + 5z = 0 ...(i) 1 -2 -6
-2 x + 4 y + z = 0 ...(ii) = 7(– 20) – 6(–20) – 2(–10)

= – 140 + 120 + 20 = 0
-7 x + 14 y + 9 z = 0 ...(iii)
So, there are infinite non-trivial solutions.
From equation, 2 × (i) + (ii) Þ z = 0

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Determinants M-303
From eqn. (i) + 3 × (iii); we get 2 1 1

10x – 20z = 0 Þ x = 2z Þ = +
b a c
Hence, there are infinitely many solutions (x, y, z) satisfying
x = 2z. 1 1 1
88. (a) From the given linear equation, we get Þ , , in A.P.
a b c
91. (13) x + y + z = 6 ...(i)
1 2 3
x + 2y + 3z = 10 ...(ii)
D = 3 4 5 ( R3 ® R3 - 2 R2 + 3R3 )
3x + 2y + lz = µ ...(iii)
4 4 4 From (i) and (ii),
If z = 0 Þ x + y = 6 and x + 2y = 10
1 2 3 Þ y = 4, x = 2
= 3 4 5 =0 (2, 4, 0)
0 0 0 If y = 0 Þ x + z = 6 and x + 3z = 10
Þ z = 2 and x = 4
Now, let P3 = 4x + 4y + 4z – d = 0. If the system has solutions (4, 0, 2)
it will have infinite solution.
So, 3x + 2y + lz = m, must pass through (2, 4, 0) and (4, 0, 2)
So, P3 º aP1 + bP2
So, 6 + 8 = m Þ m = 14
Hence, 3a + b = 4 and 4a + 2b = 4
Þ a = 2 and b = – 2 and 12 + 2l = m
So, for infinite solution 2m – 2 = d 12 + 2l = 14 Þ l = 1
Þ For 2m ¹ d + 2 system is inconsistent So, m – l2 = 14 –1 = 13
92. (d) Given system of linear equations: x + y + z = 5;
l 2 2 x + 2y + 2z = 6 and x + 3y + lz = m have infinite solution.
89. (c) D = 2l 3 5 \ D = 0, Dx = Dy = Dz = 0
4 l 6
1 1 1
D = l2 + 6l – 16 1 2 2
D = (l + 8) (2 – l) Now, D = =0
1 3 l
For no solutions, D = 0
Þ l = – 8, 2 Þ 1 (2l – 6) – 1 (l – 2) + 1 (3 – 2) = 0
when l = 2 Þ 2l – 6 – l + 2 + 1 = 0 Þ l = 3
1 5 1 1 5 1
5 2 2
1 6 2 0 1 1
D1 = 8 3 5 Dy = =0Þ =0
1 m 3 0 m-5 2
10 2 6
Þ 1 (2 – m + 5) = 0 Þ m = 7
= 5[18 – 10] – 2 [48 – 50] + 2 (16 – 30]
\ l + m = 10
= 40 + 4 – 28 ¹ 0
93. (d) Q system of equations has infinitely many solutions.
There exist no solutions for l = 2
\ D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0
90. (a) For non-ero solution
2 2a a 1 1 1
2 3b b =0 D = 4 l -l = 0
Here,
2 4c c 3 2 -4
C1 ® C1 – C2 & C2 ® C2 – C3
1 2a a
1 3b b = 0 0 0 1
Þ
Þ 4 - l 2l -l = 0
1 4c c Þl=3
1 6 -4
Þ (3bc – 4bc) – (2ac – 4ac) + (2ab – 3ab) = 0
Þ – bc + 2ac – ab = 0
Þ ab + bc + 2ac

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M-304 Mathematics
= 1 (– k + 1) + 2 (– 2k – 3) + k (– 2 – 3)
6 1 1
= – k + 1 – 4k – 6 – 5k = – 10k – 5 = – 5(2k + 1)
D1 = l - 2 l -l = 0
Now, for l = 3,
-5 2 -4 1 -2 k
2 1 1
D1 = = – 5 (2k + 1)
1 6 1 3 -1 -k
4 l - 2 -l = 0
For l = 3, D2 = 1 1 k 1 -2 1
3 -5 -4
2 2 1 2 1 2
D2 = = 0, D3 = =0
1 1 6 3 3 -k 3 -1 3
For l = 3, D3 = 4 l l - 2 = 0 Qz ¹ 0 Þ D = 0
3 2 -5 1
Þ –5 (2k + 1) = 0 Þ k = -
\ for l = 3, system of equations has infinitely many 2
solutions. \ System of equation has infinite many solutions.
94. (b) Given system of equations has a non-trivial solution. 10 - 3l 2l
Let z = l ¹ 0 then x = and y = –
10 5
2 3 -1
9 \ (x, y) must lie on line 4x – 3y – 4 = 0
Þ D =0Þ 1 k -2 = 0 Þ k =
2 97. (a) Q The system of linear equations has a unique solu-
2 -1 1 tion.
\ equations are 2x + 3y – z = 0 ...(i) \ D¹0
2x – y + z = 0 ...(ii)
1+ a b 1
2x + 9y – 4z = 0 ...(iii)
D= a 1+ b 1 ¹ 0
By (i) – (ii), 2y = z
a b 2
\ z = – 4x and 2x + y = 0
x y z -1 1 9 1 1+ a + b +1 b 1
\ + + +k = + -4+ =
y z x 2 2 2 2 a +1+ b +1 b + 1 1 ¹ 0
Þ [C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3]
95. (b) If the system of equations has non-trivial solutions, a+b+2 b 2
then the determinant of coefficient matrix is ero
1 b 1
1 -c -c
(a + b + 2) 1 b + 1 1 ¹ 0
c -1 c Þ
=0 1 b 2
c c -1
Þ (1 – c2) + c (– c – c2) – c (c2 + c) = 0 1 b 1

R2 ® R2 - R1
Þ (1 + c) (1 – c) – 2c2 (1 + c) = 0 (a + b + 2) 0 1 0 ¹ 0
Þ R3 ® R3 - R1
Þ (1 + c) (1 – c – 2c2) = 0 0 0 1
Þ (1 + c)2 (1 – 2c) = 0
Þ (a + b + 2) 1(1) ¹ 0
1
Þ c = – 1 or Þ a+b+2¹0
2
Q Ordered pair (2, 4) satisfies this condition
1
Hence, the greatest value of c is for which the system
2 \ a = 2 and b = 4.
of linear equations has non-trivial solution. 98. (a) Consider the given system of linear equations
96. (b) Given system of linear equations, x(1 –l) – 2y – 2z = 0
x – 2y + kz = 1, 2x + y + z = 2, 3x – y – kz = 3 x + (2 – l)y + z = 0
–x – y – lz= 0
1 -2 k
Now, for a non-trivial solution, the determinant of coeffi-
2 1 1
D= cient matrix is ero.
3 -1 -k

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Determinants M-305
1- l -2 -2 1 5 1
1 2- l 1 1 9 3
=0 D2 = = 9a - 3b - 5 (a – 3) + 1(b - 9)
-1 -1 -l 1 b a
Þ (1 – l)3 = 0 = 9a - 3b - 5a + 15 + b - 9 = 4a - 2b + 6
l=1
1 1 5
99. (b) Q System of equations has more than one solution
1 2 9
\ D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0 for infinite solution D3 = = 2b – 27 – b + 9 + 5 = b – 13
1 3 b
a 2 3 Since, the system of equations has infinite many solutions.
b -1 5
D1 = = a(13) + 2(5c – 2b) + 3(–3b + c) Hence,
c -3 2 D1 = D 2 = D 3 = D = 0
= 13a – 13b + 13c = 0 Þ a = 5, b = 13 Þ b – a = 8
i.e, a – b + c = 0 102. (c) Consider the system of linear equations
or b–c–a=0 x – 4y + 7z = g ...(i)
100. (b) Since, the system of linear equations has, non-trivial 3y – 5z = h ...(ii)
solution then determinant of coefficient matrix = 0 –2x + 5y – 9z = k ...(iii)
Multiply equation (i) by 2 and add equation (i), equation
sin 3q cos 2q 2 (ii) and equation (iii)
i.e.,
1 3 7
=0 Þ 0 = 2g + h + k. \ 2g + h + k = 0
-1 4 7 then system of equation is consistent.
sin3q(21– 28) – cos2q(7 + 7) + 2 (4 + 3) = 0 103. (a) For non ero solution of the system of linear
equations;
sin3q + 2cos2q – 2 = 0
3sinq – 4sin3q + 2 – 4sin 2q – 2 = 0 1 k 3
4sin3q + 4sin 2q – 3sinq = 0 3 k -2 = 0
2 4 -3
sinq (4sin2q + 4sinq – 3) = 0
sinq (4sin2q + 6sinq – 2sinq – 3) = 0 Þ k = 11
sinq [2sinq (2sinq – 1) + 3 (2sinq – 1)] = 0 Now equations become
x + 11y + 3 = 0 ...(1)
sinq (2sinq – 1) (2sinq + 3) = 0 3x + 11y – 2 = 0 ...(2)
1 æ 3ö 2x + 4y – 3 = 0 ...(3)
sin q = 0, sin q = Q sin q ¹ - ÷
2 èç 2ø Adding equations (1) & (3) we get
3x + 15y = 0
p 5p Þ x = –5y
q= ,
6 6 Now put x = –5y in equation (1), we get
Hence, for two values of q, system of equations has non- –5y + 11y + 3 = 0
trivial solution Þ = –2y
x ( -5 y)( -2 y)
1 1 1 \ = = 10
2
y y2
101. (b) D = 1 2 3 = 2a – 9 – a + 3 + 1 = a – 5
104. (c) Here, the equations are;
1 3 a (k + 2) x + 10y = k
& kx + (k + 3)y = k – 1.
5 1 1 These equations can be written in the form of Ax = B as
D1 = 9 2 3 = 5(2a – 9) – 1(9a – 3b) + (27 – 2b)
b 3 a é k + 2 10 ù é x ù é k ù
ê k =
ë k + 3úû êë y úû êë k – 1úû
= 10a - 45 - 9a + 3b + 27 - 2b
For the system to have no solution
= a + b -18 |A| = 0

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M-306 Mathematics
é k + 2 10 ù 2 4 -l
Þ ê = 0 Þ (k + 2) (k + 3) – k × 10 = 0
ë k k + 3úû \ 4 l 2 =0
Þ k2 – 5k + 6 = (k – 2) (k – 3) = 0 l 2 2
\ k = 2, 3
For k = 2, equations become: Þ l + 4l – 40 = 0
3
l has only 1 real root.

4x + 10 y = 2
109. (b) For non-trivial solution,
& 2x + 5y = 1
& hence infinite number of solutions. 1 l -1
For k = 3, equations becomes; l -1 -1 = 0
5x + 10y = 3 1 1 -l
3x + 6y = 2
Þ -l(l + 1)(l - 1) = 0 Þ l = 0, +1, –1
& hence no solution.

\ required number of values of k is 1 110. (a) 2x1 - 2x 2 + x 3 = lx1ü
105. (b) The system of linear equations is: ï
2x1 - 3x 2 + 2x 3 = lx 2 ý
x+y+z=2
2x + y – z = 3 - x1 + 2x 2 = lx3 ïþ
3x + 2y + kz = 4 Þ (2 – l)x1 – 2x2 + x3 = 0
As, system has unique solution. 2x1 – (3 + l) x2 + 2x3 = 0
1 1 1 – x1 + 2x2 – lx3 = 0
For non-trivial solution,
So, 2 1 –1 ¹ 0
D=0
3 2 k
2-l -2 1
Þ k + 2 – (2k + 3) + 1 ¹ 0 i.e. 2 -(3 + l ) 2 =0
Þk¹0
-1 2 -l
Hence, k Î R – {0} º S
106. (d) As the system of equations has no solution then D Þ (2 – l) [l(3 + l) – 4] + 2[–2l + 2] + 1[4 – (3 + l)] = 0
should be ero and at least one of D1, D2 and D3 should Þ l3 + l2 – 5l + 3 = 0
not be ero. Þ l = 1, 1, 3
1 a 1 Hence l has 2 values.
111. (b) Given system of equations can be written as
\ D= 1 2 2 =0
(a - 1) x - y - z = 0
1 5 3
Þ –a–1=0 Þ a=–1 - x + (b - 1) y - z = 0
- x - y + (c - 1) z = 0
1 3 1
For non-trivial solution, we have
D2 = 1 6 2 ¹ 0
1 b 3 a -1 -1 -1
Þ b¹9 -1 b -1 -1
=0
-1 -1 c -1
1 1 1
R2 ® R2 – R3
107. (a) D = 1 a 1 = 0
a b 1 a - 1 -1 -1
Þ 1 [a – b] – 1 [1 – a] + 1 [b – a ] = 0
2 0 b -c
=0
Þ (a – 1)2 = 0 -1 -1 c - 1
Þa=1
For a = 1, First two equations are identical C2 ® C2 – C3
i.e., x + y + z = 1 a -1 0 -1
To have no solution with x + by + z = 0
b=1 0 b+c -c
=0
So b = {1} Þ It is singleton set. -1 -c c -1
108. (b) Since the given system of linear equations has
Apply R3 ® R3 – R1
infinitely many solutions.

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Determinants M-307
a -1 0 -1 p æ pö
a= in ç 0, ÷
0 b + c -c 4 è 2ø
=0
-a -c c \ D1 = 2(sin a) × 0 = 0,
p
Þ (a - 1)[bc + c 2 - c 2 ] - 1[a(b + c)] = 0 since value of sin a is finite for a Î æç 0, ö÷
è 2ø
Þ (a - 1)[bc ] - ab - ac = 0 Hence non-trivivial solution for only one value of a in
Þ abc - bc - ab - ac = 0 æ pö
ç 0, ÷
Þ ab + bc + ca = abc è 2ø
112. (b) Since, system of equations have no solution
cos a sin a cos a
k +1 8 4k sin a cos a sin a = 0
\ = ¹
(Q System has no solution)

k k + 3 3k - 1 cos a - sin a - cos a
Þ k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k Þ k2– 4k + 3 = 0
Þ k = 1, 3 0 sin a cos a
Þ 0 cos a sin a = 0
8 4.1
If k = 1 then ¹ which is false 2cos a - sin a - cos a
1+ 3 2
Þ 2 cos a (sin2 a – cos2 a) = 0
8 4.3
and if k = 3 then ¹ which is true, therefore k = 3 \ cos a = 0 or sin2 a – cos2 a = 0
6 9 -1
Hence for only one value of k. System has no solution. æ pö
But cos a = 0 not possible for any value of a Î ç 0, ÷
113. (b) Given system of equations is homogeneous which is è 2ø
x + ay = 0 \ sin2 a – cos2 a = 0 Þ sin a = – cos a, which is also not
y + az = 0 æ pö
z + ax = 0 possible for any value of a Î ç 0, ÷
è 2ø
It can be written in matrix form as Hence, there is no solution.
115. (d) Given system of equations can be written in matrix
æ1 a 0ö
form as AX = B where
A =ç0 1 a÷
ça 0 1÷ æ1 2 3ö æ6ö
è ø
A = ç 1 3 5 ÷ and B = ç 9 ÷
Now, | A | = [1 – a(– a2)] = 1 + a3 ¹ 0 ç2 5 a÷ çb÷
è ø è ø
So, system has only trivial solution. Since, system is consistent and has infinitely many
Now, | A | = 0 only when a = – 1 solutions
So, system of equations has infinitely many solutions \ (ad. A) B = 0
which is not possible because it is given that system has a
unique solution. æ 3a - 25 15 - 2a 1 ö æ 6 ö æ 0 ö
Þ ç 10 - a a - 6 -2 ÷ ç 9 ÷ = ç 0 ÷
Hence set of all real values of ‘a’ is R – {– 1}. ç -1 -1 1 ÷ø çè b ÷ø çè 0 ÷ø
è
1 sin a cos a Þ – 6 – 9 + b = 0 Þ b = 15
114. (c) D1 = 1 cos a sin a and 6(10 – a) + 9(a – 6) – 2(b) = 0
1 - sin a cos a Þ 60 – 6a + 9a – 54 – 30 = 0
Þ 3a = 24 Þ a = 8
0 sin a - cos a cos a - sin a Hence, a = 8, b = 15.
= 0 cos a + sin a sin a - cos a 116. (a) Given system of equations is
1 - sin a cos a x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky – 2z = 0
= (sin a – cos a)2 – (cos2 a – sin2 a)
2x + 3y – 4z = 0
= sin2 a + cos2 a – 2 sin a . cos a – cos2 a + sin2 a Since, system has non-trivial solution
= 2 sin2 a – 2 sin a . cos a
= 2 sin a (sin a – cos a) 1 k 3
Now, sin a – cos a = 0 for only 3 k -2 = 0
\
2 3 -4

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M-308 Mathematics
Þ 1 (– 4k + 6) – k(– 12 + 4) + 3 (9 – 2k) = 0 121. (d) The given equations are

–x + cy + bz = 0
33
Þ 4k + 33 – 6k = 0 Þ k = cx –y + az = 0
2 bx + ay – z = 0
Hence, statement - 1 is false. Given that x, y, z are not all ero
Statement-2 is the property. \ The above system have non-ero solution
It is a true statement.
–1 c b
117. (d) Given system of equations is
x+y+z=6 Þ D = 0 Þ c –1 a = 0
x + 2y + 3z = 10 b a –1
x + 2y + lz = 0 Þ –1(1– a2) – c(– c – ab) + b(ac + b) = 0
It has unique solution. Þ –1 + a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 0
Þ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
1 1 1
122. (a) ax + y + = a – 1;
\ 1 2 3 ¹0 x + a y + = a – 1;
1 2 l x+ y+ a = a –1
Þ 1(2l – 6) – 1 (l – 3) + 1(2 – 2) ¹ 0 a 1 1
Þ 2l – 6 – l + 3 ¹ 0 Þ l – 3 ¹ 0 Þ l ¹ 3 D= 1 a 1
118. (a) x - ky + z = 0 1 1 a
kx + 3 y - kz = 0 2
3x + y - z = 0 = a( a - 1) - 1(a - 1) + 1(1 - a)
The given that system of equations have trivial solution, = a (a - 1)(a + 1) - 1(a - 1) - 1(a - 1)
1 -k 1 = (a - 1)[a 2 + a - 1 - 1]
= (a - 1)[a 2 + a - 2]
\ k 3 -k ¹ 0
= (a – 1) [a 2 + 2a - a - 2]
3 1 -1
= (a - 1)[a (a + 2) - 1(a + 2)]
Þ 1(-3 + k ) + k (-k + 3k ) + 1(k - 9) ¹ 0
= ( a - 1) ( a + 2 )
2
Þ k - 3 + 2k 2 + k - 9 ¹ 0
Q Equations has infinite solutions
Þ k 2 + k - 6 ¹ 0 Þ k = -3, k ¹ 2 \ D=0
So, the equation will have only trivial solution,
Þ (a - 1) = 0, a + 2 = 0
when k Î R – {2, – 3}
119. (a) Given that system of equations have non-ero solution Þ a = – 2, 1;
D=0 But a ¹ 1 .
\a=–2
4 k 2
123. (d) For homogeneous system of equations to have non
Þ k 4 1 =0 ero solution, D = 0
2 2 1 1 2a a
Þ 4(4 - 2) - k (k - 2) + 2(2k - 8) = 0
1 3b b = 0 C ® - -
Þ 8 - k 2 + 2k + 4k - 16 = 0 1 4c c
k 2 - 6k + 8 = 0 Applying C2 ® C2 – 2C3
Þ (k - 4)(k - 2) = 0 Þ k = 4, 2 1 0 a
1 2 1 Þ 1 b b = 0 R3 ® R3 - R1, R2 ® R2 - R1
1 2c c
120. (c) D= 2 3 1 =0
3 5 2 1 0 a
Þ 0 b b-a =0
3 2 1
0 2c c - a
Dx = 3 3 1 ¹ 0
Þ bc – ab = 2bc – 2ac
1 5 2 2 1 1
Þ Given system, does not have any solution. Þ = +
b a c
Þ No solution \ a, b, c are in Harmonic Progression.

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Continuity and Differentiability M-309
20
Continuity and
Differentiability
æ p pö
TOPIC Ć Continuity 5. If the function f defined on ç , ÷ by
è6 3ø
ì 2 cos x – 1 p
éxù ïï ,x ¹
1. Let f (x) = x. ê ú , for –10 < x < 10, where [t] denotes the cot x – 1 4
ë 2û í
f(x) = ï p
k, x=
greatest integer function. Then the number of points of ïî 4
discontinuity of f is equal to ______. is continuous, then k is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
1
2. If a function f (x) defined by (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d)
2 2
ìae x + be - x , - 1 £ x < 1 éxù
ïï 2 6. If f ( x) = [ x] - ê ú , x Î R, where [x] denotes the greatest
f ( x) = í cx , 1 £ x £ 3 be continuous for some ë4û
ï 2 integer function, then: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
ïî ax + 2cx , 3 < x £ 4
(a) f is continuous at x = 4.
a, b, c Î R and f '(0) + f '(2) = e, then the value of a is : lim f(x) exists but lim f(x) does not exist.
(b) x® 4+ x®4-
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
lim f(x) and lim f(x) exist but are not equal.
(c) Both x® 4- x®4+
1 e
(a) (b) lim f(x) exists but lim f(x) does not exist.
e 2 - 3e + 13 e 2 - 3e - 13 (d) x® 4- x®4+
e e 7. If the function
{
(c) (d)
e 2 + 3e + 13 e 2 - 3e + 13 a | p - x | +1, x £ 5
f(x) = b | x - p | +3, x > 5
é4ù
Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t and xlim x ú = A.
®0 ê
3. is continuous at x = 5, then the value of a – b is:
ëxû
[April 09, 2019 (II)]
Then the function, f(x) = [x2] sin(px) is discontinuous, when
x is equal to : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 2 -2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) A +1 (b) A+5 p+5 p+5 p -5 5-p
8. Let f : [– 1, 3] ® R be defined as
(c) A + 21 (d) A
ì x + [ x ] , - 1£ x < 1
æ 1 1ö ï
4. If the function f defined on ç - , ÷ by f(x) = í x + x , 1 £ x < 2
è 3 3ø ï x + [ x ] , 2 £ x £ 3,
î
ì1 æ 1 + 3x ö where [t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal
ï log , when x ¹ 0
f(x) = í x e çè 1 - 2 x ÷ø is continuous, then k to t. Then, f is discontinuous at : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
ïk , when x = 0
î (a) only one point (b) only two points
is equal to __________. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] (c) only three points (d) four or more points

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M-310 Mathematics
9. Let f : R ® R be a function defined as 14. Let k be a non–ero real number.

ì 5, if x £1
ï a + bx, if 1 < x < 3 ì
ï ï
f ( x) = í ï (e x - 1)
ï b + 5 x, if 3 £ x < 5 ïï æ x ö æ xö
, x¹0
îï 30, if x³5 If f(x) = í çè k ÷ø

sin log ç1 + ÷
è 4ø
Then, f is : [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] ï , x =0
ï 12
(a) continuous if a = 5 and b = 5 ï
(b) continuous if a = – 5 and b = 10 ïî
(c) continous if a = 0 and b = 5 is a continuous function then the value of k is:
(d) not continuous for any values of a and b (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2
15. If the function
10. If the function f defined as

1 k -1 ì 2 + cos x - 1
f (x) = - ï ,x ¹ p
x e2 x - 1 f ( x ) = í ( p - x)2
x ¹ 0, is continuous at x = 0, ï
îk ,x = p
then the ordered pair (k, f (0)) is equal to?
[Online April 16, 2018] is continuous at x = p, then k equals:
æ1 ö 1 1
(a) (3, 1) (b) (3, 2) (c) ç , 2 ÷ (d) (2, 1)
è3 ø (a) 0 (b)
2
(c) 2 (d)
4
ì 1 æ9ö 2
ï 2- x 16. If f(x) is continuous and fç ÷= , then
11. Let f (x) = í ( x - 1) , x > 1, x ¹ 2 è2ø 9
ïî k, x=2 æ 1 - cos 3x ö
lim f ç ÷ is equal to:
The value of k for which f is continuous at x = 2 is x ®0 è x2 ø
[Online April 15, 2018] [Online April 9, 2014]
(a) e –2 (b) e (c) e –1 (d) 1 9 2 8
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
12. The value of k for which the function 2 9 9
17. Consider the function :
ì tan 4x
f (x) = [ x] + | 1 – x |, -1 £ x £ 3 where [x] is the greatest
ï æç 4 ö÷ tan 5x , 0 < x < p
ï p integer function.
f (x) = í è 5 ø2 2
p is continuous at x = , is :
ï k+ 5 , x = 2 Statement 1 : f is not continuous at x = 0, 1, 2 and 3.
2
ïî
æ - x, -1 £ x < 0
ç
[Online April 9, 2017] 1 - x, 0 £ x < 1
Statement 2 : f (x) = ç
2 3 2 ç 1 + x, 1 £ x < 2
17 ç
(a) (b) (c) (d) -
20 5 5 5 è 2 + x, 2 £ x £ 3
13. Let a, b Î R, (a ¹ 0) . if the function f defined as [Online April 25, 2013]
(a) Statement 1 is true ; Statement 2 is false,
ì 2x 2 (b) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
ï , 0 £ x <1
ï a not correct explanation for Statement 1.
ï (c) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true; Statement It is
ía , 1£ x < 2
f(x) = ï 2 a correct explanation for Statement 1.
ï 2b - 4b , 2£x<¥ (d) Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true.
ïî x 3 18. Let f be a composite function of x defined by
is continuous in the interval [0, ¥) , then an ordered pair f (u ) =
1
, u ( x) =
1
.
(a, b) is : [Online April 10, 2016] u2 + u - 2 x -1
(a) ( - 2,1 - 3) (b) ( 2, -1 + 3) Then the number of points x where f is discontinuous is :
(c) ( 2,1 - 3) (d) ( - 2,1 + 3) (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

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19. Let f (x) = – 1 + | x – 2 |, and g (x) = 1 – | x |; then the set of Statement - 1 : f (x) is continuous on R.
all points where fog is discontinuous is :
[Online April 22, 2013] Statement - 2 : f1 ( x) and f 2 ( x) are continuous on R.
(a) {0, 2} (b) {0, 1, 2} (a) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
(c) {0} (d) an empty set is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
20. If f : R ® R is a function defined by f (x) = [x] (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
æ 2x - 1 ö NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
cos ç ÷ p , where [x] denotes the greatest integer
è 2 ø (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
function, then f is . [2012] (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(a) continuous for every real x.
24. The values of p and q for which the function [2011]
(b) discontinuous only at x = 0
(c) discontinuous only at non-ero integral values of x. ì
(d) continuous only at x = 0. ï sin( p + 1) x + sin x , x < 0

ï x
21. Let f : [1, 3] ® R be a function satisfying ï
f ( x) = í q , x = 0 is continuous for all x in R,
ï
x
£ f ( x) £ 6 - x , for all x ¹ 2 and f (2) = 1, ï x+ x - x
2
,x > 0
[ x] ïî x3 / 2
where R is the set of all real numbers and [x] denotes the are
largest integer less than or equal to x.
5 1 3 1
Statement 1: lim f ( x ) exists. [Online May 19, 2012] (a) p = , q = (b) p = - , q =
2 2 2 2
x® 2 -
Statement 2: f is continuous at x = 2. 1 3 1 3
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is (c) p = , q = (d) p = , q = -
2 2 2 2
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. 25. The function f : R /{0} ® R given by [2007]
1 2
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. f ( x) = -
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. x e2 x - 1
22. Statement 1: A function f : R ® R is continuous at x0 if and can be made continuous at x = 0 by defining f (0) as
only if lim f ( x ) exists and lim f ( x ) = f ( x0 ). (a) 0 (b) 1
x ® x0 x® x0
(c) 2 (d) – 1
Statement 2: A function f : R ® R is discontinuous at x0 if
1 - tan x p é pù
and only if, lim f ( x ) exists and lim f ( x ) ¹ f ( x0 ) . 26. Let f ( x) = , x ¹ , x Î ê 0, ú .
x ® x0 x ® x0 4x - p 4 ë 2û
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is é pù æ pö
If f (x) is continuous in ê 0, ú , then f çè ÷ø is [2004]
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. ë 2 û 4
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is 1
(a) –1 (b)
a correct explanation of Statement 1. 2
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
1
23. Define f (x) as the product of two real functions (c) - (d) 1
[2011RS] 2
27. f is defined in [-5, 5] as [2002]
ì 1
ïsin , if x ¹ 0 f (x) = x if x is rational
f1 ( x ) = x, x Î R, and f 2 ( x ) = í x
ï if x = 0
= – x if x is irrational. Then
î0,
(a) f (x) is continuous at every x, except x = 0
as follows :
(b) f (x) is discontinuous at every x, except x = 0
ïì f1 ( x ) . f 2 ( x) , if x = 0 (c) f (x) is continuous everywhere
f ( x) = í
ïî 0 if x = 0 (d) f (x) is discontinuous everywhere

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M-312 Mathematics
34. Let f and g be differentiable functions on R such that fog

TOPIC n Differentiability
is the identity function. If for some a, b Î R, g¢ (a) = 5 and
28. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by f (x) = max{x, x2}. Let g (a) = b, then f ¢ (b) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
S denote the set of all points in R, where f is not
1 2
differentiable. Then: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] (a) (b) 1 (c) 5 (d)
5 5
(a) {0, 1} (b) {0}
(c) f (an empty set) 35. Let S be the set of all functions f : [0,1] ® R, which are
(d) {1}
ì
If the function f ( x) í k1 ( x - p) - 1, x £ p is twice dif-
2 continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable on (0,1). Then for
29.
î k2 cos x, x>p
ferentiable, then the ordered pair (k1, k2) is equal to: every f in S, there exists a c Î (0,1), depending on f, such
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] that: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
æ1 ö (a) | f (c) – f (l)| < (l – c)|f ¢(c)|

(a) ç ,1÷ (b) (1, 0)
è2 ø f (1) - f (c )
(b) = f ¢(c)
1- c
æ1 ö
(c) ç , -1÷ (d) (1, 1) (c) | f (c) + f (1)| < (1 + c) |f ¢(c)|
è 2 ø
30. Let f be a twice differentiable function on (1, 6). If f (2) = 8, (d) | f (c) – f (1)| < | f ¢(c)|
f '(2) = 5, f '(x) ³ 1 and f ''( x ) ³ 4, for all x Î (1, 6), then : 36. Let the function, f: [–7, 0] ® R be continuous on [ –7, 0]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] and differentiable on (–7, 0). If f(–7) = –3 and f ¢ (x) d” 2, for
(a) f (5) + f '(5) £ 26 (b) f (5) + f '(5) ³ 28
all xÎ(–7, 0), then for all such functions f, f ¢(–1) + f(0) lies
(c) f '(5) + f ''(5) £ 20 (d) f (5) £ 10
in the interval: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
31. Suppose a differentiable function f (x) satisfies the identity
(a) (– ฀ , 20] (b) [–3, 11]
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) + xy 2 + x 2 y , for all real x and y. If
(c) (– ฀, 11] (d) [–6, 20]
f ( x)
lim = 1, then f '(3) is equal to ___________.
x ®0 x 37. Let S be the set of points where the function,
[NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
f(x) = |2 – |x – 3||, xÎR, is not differentiable.
ìp -1
ïï 4 + tan x, | x |£ 1 Then å f(f(x)) is equal to ¾¾¾. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
32. The function f ( x) = í xÎS
ï 1 (| x | -1) , | x |> 1
ïî 2 ì sin (p + 1) x + sin x
is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] ï ,x < 0
x
(a) continuous on R – {1} and differentiable on ï
38. If f (x) = í q ,x=0
R – {–1, 1}. ï
ï x+x - x
2
(b) both continuous and differentiable on R – {1}. , x >0
(c) continuous on R – {–1} and differentiable on î x3/2
R – {–1, 1}. is continuous at x = 0, then the ordered pair (p, q) is equal to:
(d) both continuous and differentiable on R – {–1}.
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
ì sin(a + 2) x + sin x æ 3 1ö æ 1 3ö
ï ; x<0 (a) ç - , - ÷ (b) ç - , ÷
ïï x è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
33. If f ( x) = í b ; x =0
ï æ 3 1ö æ5 1ö
(c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
ï ( x + 3x ) - x
2 1/3 1/3
; x>0 è 2 2ø è2 2ø
ïî x 4/3
39. Let f(x) = loge (sinx), (0 < x < p) and g(x) = sin–1 (e–x), (x > 0).
is continuous at x = 0, then a + 2b is equal to: If a is a positive real number such that a = (fog)¢ (a) and
b = (fog) ( a), then: [April 10, 2019 (II)]
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
(a) aa2 + ba + a = 0 (b) aa2 – ba – a =1
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) –2
(c) aa2 – ba – a = 0 (d) aa2 + ba – a = – 2a2

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40. Let f : R ® R be differentiable at c Î R and f (c) = 0. If (a) is an empty set

g (x) = f (x) , then at x = c, g is : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (b) equals {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}
(a) not differentiable if f '(c) = 0 (c) equals {– 2, – 1, 1, 2}
(b) differentiable if f "(c) ¹ 0 (d) equals {– 2, 2}

(c) differentiable if f ' (c) = 0 48. Let f : (– 1, 1) ® R be a function defined by f (x) = max
41.
(d) not differentiable
Let f(x) = 15 – |x – 10|; x Î R. Then the set of all values of x, { - | x |, - }
1 - x 2 . If K be the set of all points at which f
at which the function, g(x) = f (f(x)) is not is not differentiable, then K has exactly:
differentiable, is: [April 09, 2019 (I)] [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) five elements (b) one element
(a) {5, 10, 15} (b) {10, 15}

(c) three elements (d) two elements
(c) {5, 10, 15, 20} (d) {10}
42. If f (1) = 1, f¢(1) = 3, then the derivative of 49. Let S = { t Î R : f (x) = | x - p | (e|x| - 1)sin | x | is not
differentiable at t}. Then the set S is equal to : [2018]
f (f (f (x))) + (f (x))2 at x = 1 is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) {0} (b) {p}
(a) 33 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 9
(c) {0, p} (d) f (an empty set)
43. Let f be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2 and 50. Let S = {(l, m) Î R × R : f (t) = (|l|e|t| – m). sin (2|t|), t Î R, is
f ¢ (x) = f (x) for all x Î R. If h (x) = f ( f (x)), then h¢ (1) is equal a differentiable function}. Then S is a subest of?
to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
(a) 2e2 (b) 4e (c) 2e (d) 4e2
(a) R × [0, ¥) (b) (–¥, 0) × R
ìï -1, -2 £ x < 0 (c) [0, ¥) × R (d) R × (–¥, 0)
44. Let f ( x ) = í 2 and 51. If the function
ïî x - 1, 0 £ x £ 2
g(x) = |f(x)| + f(|x|). Then, in the interval (–2, 2), g is : ìï- x, x <1
f(x) = í -1 is differentiable at
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] ïîa + cos (x + b), 1 £ x £ 2
(a) differentiable at all points
(b) not continuous a
x = 1, then is equal to : [Online April 9, 2016]
(c) not differentiable at two points b
(d) not differentiable at one point p+2 p-2
(a) (b)
dy 2 2
45. If x log e ( log e x ) - x 2 + y 2 = 4 ( y > 0 ) , then at x = e is
dx -p - 2
equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] (c) (d) –1 – cos–1(2)
2
(1 + 2e ) ( 2e –1) 52. If the function.
(a) 2 (b) 2
2 4+ e 2 4+ e ïì k x + 1, 0 £ x £ 3
g(x) = í is differentiable, then the
(1 + 2e ) e ïî m x + 2, 3 < x £ 5
(c) (d) value of k + m is : [2015]
4+e 2
4 + e2
10
46. Let K be the set of all real values of x where the function (a) (b) 4
3
f (x) = sin | x | – | x | + 2 (x – p) cos | x | is not differentiable. 16
Then the set K is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] (c) 2 (d)
5
(a) f (an empty set) (b) {p}
(c) {0} (d) {0, p} 53. Let f: R ® R be a function such that f ( x ) £ x 2 , for all
x Î R . Then, at x = 0, f is: [Online April 19, 2014]
ìïmax {| x |, x 2 } | x|£ 2
47. Let f (x) = í (a) continuous but not differentiable.
ïî 8 - 2 | x |, 2 <| x|£ 4 (b) continuous as well as differentiable.
Let S be the set of points in the interval (– 4, 4) at which f (c) neither continuous nor differentiable.
is not differentiable. Then S: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)] (d) differentiable but not continuous.

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M-314 Mathematics
54. Let f, g: R ® R be two functions defined by 60. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by

ì æ1ö f (x) = min {x + 1, x + 1} ,Then which of the following is true?
ï x sin ç ÷ , x ¹ 0
f (x) = í èxø , and g(x) = x f(x) (a) f (x) is differentiable everywhere [2007]
ï0, ,x = 0
î (b) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0
Statement I: f is a continuous function at x = 0. (c) f (x) ³ 1 for all x Î R
Statement II: g is a differentiable function at x = 0. (d) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 1
x
(a) Both statement I and II are false. 61. The set of points where f ( x ) = is differentiable is
(b) Both statement I and II are true. 1+ | x |
(c) Statement I is true, statement II is false. [2006]
(d) Statement I is false, statement II is true. (a) (-¥,0) È (0, ¥) (b) (-¥,-1) È (-1, ¥)
55. Consider the function, f (x) = | x – 2 | + | x – 5 |, x Î R.
(c) (-¥, ¥) (d) (0, ¥)
Statement-1 : f ¢(4) = 0
Statement-2 : f is continuous in [2,5], differentiable in (2,5) 62. If f is a real valued differentiable function satisfying
and f (2) = f (5). [2012] | f (x) – f (y) | £ ( x - y )2 , x, y Î R and f (0) = 0, then f (1)
(a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. equals [2005]
(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is (a) – 1 (b) 0
a correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) 2 (d) 1
63. Suppose f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 and
(d) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. 1
lim f (1 + h) = 5 , then f '(1) equals [2005]
56. If f(x) = a |sinx| + be |x| + c|x|3, where a, b, c Î R, is h®0 h
differentiable at x = 0, then [Online May 26, 2012] (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) a = 0, b and c are any real numbers
(b) c = 0, a = 0, b is any real number ì æ 1 1ö
ï -ç + ÷
(c) b = 0, c = 0, a is any real number 64. If f ( x ) = í xe è x x ø , x ¹ 0 then f(x) is
(d) a = 0, b = 0, c is any real number ï0 ,x = 0
î
57. If x + | y | = 2y, then y as a function of x, at x = 0 is
[Online May 7, 2012] (a) discontinuous every where [2003]
(a) differentiable but not continuous (b) continuous as well as differentiable for all x
(b) continuous but not differentiable (c) continuous for all x but not differentiable at x = 0
(c) continuous as well as differentiable (d) neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 0
(d) neither continuous nor differentiable
58. If function f (x) is differentiable at x = a, Chain Rule of Differentiation,
Differentiation of Explicit & Implicit
x2 f (a) - a2 f ( x) Functions, Parametric & Composite
then xlim
®a
is : [2011RS] TOPIC Đ Functions, Logarithmic & Exponential
x-a Functions, Inverse Functions,
(a) -a 2 f ' ( a ) (b) a f (a ) - a 2 f ' ( a )
Differentiation by Trigonometric
Substitution
(c) 2af ( a) - a 2 f ' ( a) (d) 2a f (a) +a f '(a)
2
æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö
ì 1 65. The derivative of tan -1 ç ÷ with respect to
ï( x –1) sin if x ¹ 1 ç x ÷
59. Let f ( x) = í x –1 [2008] è ø
ïî 0 if x = 1
æ 2x 1- x2 ö
Then which one of the following is true? tan -1 ç ÷ at x = 1 is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
ç 1 - 2x2 ÷ 2
(a) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor at x =1 è ø
(b) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x =1
(c) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x = 1 2 3 3 2 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(d) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0 5 12 3 10

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66. If (a + 2b cos x)(a - 2b cos y) = a 2 - b 2 , where a > b > 0, 2 1

(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2
3 2
dx æ p p ö
then at ç , ÷ is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] 2
dy è 4 4 ø æ -1 æ 3 cos x + sin x ö ö æ pö dy
73. If 2y = çç cot çç ÷÷ ÷÷ , x Î ç 0, ÷ then
a - 2b a -b a+b 2a + b è è cos x - 3 sin x ø ø è 2 ø dx
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a + 2b a+b a -b 2a - b is equal to : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
6
-1 ì 3 ü p p p p
å k cos
4 dy
67. If y = í cos kx - sin kx ý, then at x = 0 is (a) – x (b) x – (c) –x (d) 2x –
î5 5 þ dx 6 6 3 3
k =1
74. Let S be the set of all points in (–p,p) at which the function
___________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] f(x) = min {sinx, cosx} is not differentiable. Then S is a
If x = 2sinq – sin2q and y = 2cosq – cos2q, q Î [0, 2p], then
68. subset of which of the following? [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
d2y ì p pü ì 3p p 3p p ü
at q = p is : (a) í- , 0, ý (b) í- , - , , ý
dx 2
[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] î 4 4þ î 4 4 4 4þ
3 3 3 3 ì p p p pü ì 3p p p 3p ü
(a) (b) - (c) (d) - (c) í- , - , , ý (d) í- , - , , ý
4 8 2 4 î 2 4 4 2þ î 4 2 2 4 þ
dy
æ tan a + cot a ö æ 3p ö For x > 1, if ( 2 x )2 y = 4e 2 x- 2 y , then (1 + log e 2 x )
1 2
If y (a) = 2 ç ÷ + 2 , a Î ç 4 , p ÷ , then
75. is
69. dx
2
è 1 + tan a ø sin a è ø
equal to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
dy 5p x log e 2 x - log e 2
at a = is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] (a) (b) loge 2x
da 6 x
4 1 x log e 2 x + log e 2
(a) 4 (b) (c) –4 (d) - (c) (d) x loge 2x
3 4 x
70. Let y = y(x) be a function of x satisfying 76. Let f : R ® R be a function such that
f (x) = x3 + x2f¢(1) + xf ²(2) + f ¢²(3), xÎR. Then f (2) equals:
= k – x 1 - y where k is a constant and
2
y 1 - x2 [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) – 4 (b) 30 (c) – 2 (d) 8
æ 1ö 1 dy 1
y ç ÷ = - . Then at x = , is equal to:
d2y
è 2ø 4 dx 2
77. If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, then the value of at
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] dx 2
p
5 5 2 5 t= , is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) - (b) - (c) (d) 4
4 2 5 2 1 1 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
æ dy d y ö 2 3 2 6 2 2 2 6
71. If ey + xy = e, the ordered pair çç dx , 2 ÷÷ at x = 0 is
è dx ø
78. If x = 2cosec
–1
t
and y = 2sec
–1
t dy
(| t | ³ 1), then
is
equal to : [April 12, 2019 (I)] dx
equal to. [Online April 16, 2018]
æ1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
(a) ç , - 2 ÷ (b) ç - , 2 ÷ y y x x
èe e ø è e e ø (a) (b) – (c) – (d)
x x y y
æ1 1 ö æ 1 1ö cos x x 1
(c) ç , 2 ÷ (d) ç - , - 2 ÷ f ¢ (x)
èe e ø è e e ø 79. If f (x) = 2 sin x x 2
2 x , then lim
x®0 x
-1 æ sin x - cos x ö x tan x x 1
72. The derivative of tan ç ÷ , with respect to ,
è sin x + cos x ø 2 [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) Exists and is equal to – 2
æ æ p öö (b) Does not exist
where ç x Î ç 0, 2 ÷ ÷ is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
è è øø (c) Exist and is equal to 0
(d) Exists and is equal to 2

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M-316 Mathematics
æ 2 ´ 3x ö æ 1ö x2 y2 x2 + y2 x2 + y2
80. If f (x) = sin -1 çç ÷ , then f ¢ ç - ÷ equals.
x ÷
(a) (b) (c) (d)
è 1 + 9 ø è 2ø y2 x2 y2 x2
[Online April 15, 2018] x2 - x d
88. Let f (x) = .x ¹ 0, -2 . Then [ f -1 ( x )] (wherever
(a) 3 log e 3 (b) - 3 log e 3 x + 2x
2 dx
it is defined) is equal to : [Online April 9, 2013]
(c) - 3 loge 3 (d) 3 loge 3 -1 3
(a) (b)
2
(1 - x ) (1 - x )2
d2 y
81. If x2 + y2 + sin y = 4, then the value of at the point
dx 2 1 -3
(c) 2
(d)
(– 2, 0) is [Online April 15, 2018] (1 - x ) (1 - x )2
(a) – 34 (b) – 32 (c) – 2 (d) 4
æ 2 x + 3ö
dy
If f ¢(x) = sin (log x) and y = f ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø
89. , then equals
æ 1ö æ 6x x ö dx
82. If for x Îç 0, ÷ , the derivative of tan -1 ç ÷ is
è 4ø è 1 - 9x 3 ø [Online May 12, 2012]
é æ 2x + 3ö ù
x.g ( x ) , then g(x) equals : (a) sin ê log ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø úû
[2017]
ë
3 9 12
(a) (b)
1 + 9x3 1 + 9x3 (b)
( 3 - 2x) 2
3x x 3x 12 é æ 2 x + 3ö ù
(c) (d) sin êlog ç ÷ú
ë è 3 - 2x ø û
(c)
1 - 9x 3 1 - 9x 3
( 3 - 2 x) 2
83. For x Î R, f(x) = |log2 – sinx| and g(x) = f(f(x)), then : 12 é æ 2 x + 3ö ù

[2016] (d) cos êlog ç ÷ú
( 3 - 2 x) 2
ë è 3 - 2x ø û
(a) g'(0) = – cos(log2)
(b) g is differentiable at x = 0 and g'(0) = – sin(log2) 90. Let f : (–1, 1) ® R be a differentiable function with f (0) = –
(c) g is not differentiable at x = 0 1 and f ¢ (0) = 1. Let g(x) = [f (2f (x) + 2)]2. Then g¢(0) =
(d) g'(0) = cos(log2) [2010]
(a) –4 (b) 0 (c) –2 (d) 4
1 Let y be an implicit function of x defined by
84. If f (x) = x2 – x + 5, x > , and g(x) is its inverse function, 91.
2 x2x – 2xx cot y – 1= 0. Then y¢(1) equals [2009]
then g¢(7) equals: [Online April 12, 2014] (a) 1 (b) log 2 (c) –log 2 (d) –1
dy
(a) -
1
(b)
1
(c)
1
(d) -
1 92. If x m . y n = ( x + y ) m+ n , then is [2006]
3 13 3 13 dx
(b) x + y
y x
dy (a) (c) xy (d)
85. If y = sec(tan–1x), then at x = 1 is equal to : [2013] x xy y
dx
y +L to ¥ dy
1 1 93. If x = e y + e , x > 0, then
is [2004]
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) dx
2 2 2
1+ x 1 1- x x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x2 y 2 x x x 1+ x
86. If the curves + = 1 and y3 = 16x intersect at right 94. Let f (x) be a polynomial function of second degree.
a 4
If f(1) = f(-1) and a, b, c are in A. P , then f '(a), f ¢ (b), f '(c)
angles, then a value of a is : [Online April 23, 2013]
are in [2003]
4 1 3 (a) Arithmetic -Geometric Progression
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
3 2 4 (b) A.P
(c) G..P
æ pö -1 cos-1 t
87. For a > 0, t Î ç 0, ÷ , let x = asin t and y = a , (d) H.P.
è 2ø
95. If f ( x + y ) = f ( x ). f ( y )"x. y and f (5) = 2,
2
Then, 1 + æç ö÷ equals : f '(0) = 3, then f ¢ (5) is
dy [2002]
è dx ø (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 2

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102. Let f be a polynomial function such that f (3x) = f ¢ (x) , f ²

Differentiation of Infinite Series, (x), for all x Î R. Then : [Online April 9, 2017]
Successive Differentiation, nth (a) f (b) + f ¢ (b) = 28
Derivative of Some Standard (b) f ² (b) – f ¢ (b) = 0
TOPIC Ė Functions, Leibnitz’s Theorem, (c) f ² (b) – f ¢ (b) = 4
Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s Mean (d) f (b) – f ¢ (b) + f ² (b) = 10
Value Theorem
15 15
103. If y = é x + x 2 - 1ù + éê x - x 2 - 1ùú , then
96. For all twice differentiable functios f : R®R, with ëê ûú ë û
f(0) = f(1) = f’(0) = 0 [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
d2 y dy
(x 2 - 1) +x is equal to [Online April 8, 2017]
(a) f "( x ) ¹ 0 at every point x Î (0,1) dx 2 dx
(b) f "(x) = 0, for some x Î (0,1) (a) 12 y (b) 224 y2 (c) 225 y2 (d) 225 y
104. If Rolle’s theorem holds for the function f (x) 2x3 + bx2
(c) f "(0) = 0
1
(d) f "(x) = 0, at every point x Î (0,1) + cx, x Î [–1, 1], at the point x = , then 2b + c equals :
2
æ p pö [Online April 10, 2015]
If y + log e (cos x) = y, x Î ç - , ÷ , then :
2 2
97. (a) –3 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 1
è 2 2ø
105. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
f (0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then for some c Î]0,1[
(a) y ''(0) = 0 (b) | y '(0) | + | y ''(0) |= 1 [2014]
(c) | y ''(0) |= 2 (d) | y '(0) | + | y ''(0) |= 3 (a) f ¢(c) = g¢(c) (b) f ¢(c) = 2g ¢(c)
(c) 2f ¢(c) = g ¢(c) (d) 2f ¢(c) = 3g¢(c)
98. If c is a point at which Rolle’s theorem holds for the 106. Let f(x) = x|x|, g(x) = sin x and h(x) = (gof) (x). Then
æ x2 + a ö [Online April 11, 2014]
function, f ( x ) = log e ç ÷ in the interval [3, 4], where (a) h(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
è 7x ø (b) h(x) is differentiable at x = 0, but h¢(x) is not continuous
a Î R, then f ²(c) is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] at x = 0
(c) h¢(x) is continuous at x = 0 but it is not differentiable at
1 1 1 3 x= 0
(a) - (b) (c) - (d)
12 12 24 7 (d) h¢(x) is differentiable at x = 0
1 107. Let for i = 1, 2, 3, pi(x) be a polynomial of degree 2 in x, p¢i(x)
dy æ y ö 3 and p¢¢i(x) be the first and second order derivatives of pi(x)
99. k k k
Let x + y = a , (a, k > 0) and + ç ÷ = 0, then k is:
dx è x ø respectively. Let,
[Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] é p ( x ) p ¢ ( x ) p ¢¢ ( x ) ù
3 4 2 1 ê 1 1 1
ú
(a) (b) (c) (d) A ( x ) = p2 ( x ) p2 ( x ) p2¢¢ ( x ) ú
ê ¢
2 3 3 3 ê ú
ê p3 ( x ) p3¢ ( x ) p3¢¢ ( x ) ú
100. The value of c in the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for ë û
the function f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 8x + 11, when x Î [0,1] is: and B(x) = [A(x)]T A(x). Then determinant of B(x):
(a) is a polynomial of degree 6 in x.
4- 5 4- 7 (b) is a polynomial of degree 3 in x.
(a) (b)
3 3 (c) is a polynomial of degree 2 in x.
2 7-2 (d) does not depend on x.
(c) (d) 108. If the Rolle’s theorem h olds for the function
3 3
f(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx in the interval [– 1, 1] for the point
1 1
- d2y dy
101. If 2x = y 5 + y 5 = and (x2 – 1) + lx + ky = 0, 1
c= , then the value of 2a + b is: [Online April 9, 2014]
dx 2 dx 2
then l + k is equal to : [Online April 9, 2017] (a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) – 2
(a) – 23 (b) – 24 (c) 26 (d) – 26

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M-318 Mathematics
109. If f (x) = sin (sin x) and f "(x) + tan x f¢ (x) + g(x) = 0, then 114. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f (1) = – 2 and
g(x) is : [Online April 23, 2013]
f '( x) ³ 2 for x Î [1, 6], then [2005]
(a) cos2 x cos (sin x) (b) sin2 x cos (cos x)
(c) sin2 x sin (cos x) (d) cos2 x sin (sin x) (a) f (6) ³ 8(b) f (6) < 8 (c) f (6) < 5 (d) f (6) = 5
110. Consider a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where 115. If the equation an x n + an -1 x n -1 + ............. + a1 x = 0
x3 x2 a1 ¹ 0, n ³ 2, has a positive root x = a , then the equation
2a + 3b + 6c = 0 and let g ( x ) = a + b + cx .
3 2
n -2
[Online May 19, 2012] nan x n -1 + (n – 1) an -1 x + ......... + a1 = 0 has a positive
Statement 1: The quadratic equation has at least one root root, which is [2005]
in the interval (0, 1). (a) greater than a
Statement 2: The Rolle’s theorem is applicable to function (b) smaller than a
g(x) on the interval [0, 1]. (c) greater than or equal to a

(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (d) equal to a
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. 116. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then at least one root of the equation
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lies in the interval [2004]
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is (a) (1, 3) (b) (1, 2) (c) (2, 3) (d) (0, 1)
117. If f ( x) = x n , then the value of [2003]
2
d x
111. equals : [2011] f ' (1) f ' ' (1) f ' ' ' (1) ( -1) n f n (1)
dy 2 f (1) - + - + .......... is
1! 2! 3! n!
-1
æ d2y ö æ dy ö
-3 æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö -2
(a) - ç 2 ÷ (b) ç 2 ÷ çè dx ÷ø (a) 1 (b) 2 n (c) 2 n - 1 (d) 0.
è dx ø èç dx ø÷ è dx ø
118. Let f (a) = g (a) = k and their nth derivatives
-1
æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö -3 æd2yö
- f n (a) , g n (a) exist and are not equal for some n. Further
(c) ç ÷ç ÷ (d) ç 2 ÷
è dx 2 ø è dx ø è dx ø if
112. Let f (x) = x | x | and g (x) = sin x. f ( a ) g ( x) - f ( a ) - g ( a ) f ( x ) + f ( a )
Statement-1 : gof is differentiable at x = 0 and its derivative lim =4
x ®a g ( x) - f ( x)
is continuous at that point.
Statement-2 : gof is twice differentiable at x = 0. [2009] then the value of k is [2003]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
d2y dy
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 119. If y = (x + 1 + x 2 )n, then (1 + x2) +x is [2002]
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. dx2 dx
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is (a) n2y (b) – n2y (c) –y (d) 2x2y
a correct explanation for Statement-1. 120. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, (a, b, c Î R) then the quadratic equation
113. A value of c for which conclusion of Mean Value Theorem ax2 + bx + c = 0 has [2002]
holds for the function f (x) = loge x on the interval [1, 3] is (a) at least one root in [0, 1]
[2007] (b) at least one root in [2, 3]
(c) at least one root in [4, 5]
1
(a) log3e (b) loge3 (c) 2 log3e (d) log e (d) None of these
2 3

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1. (8) We know [x] discontinuous for x Î Z

æ 1 æ 1 + 3x ö ö
4. (5) lim f ( x) = lim ç ln ç ÷÷
éxù x x ®0 x®0 è x è 1 - 2 x ø ø
f ( x ) = x ê ú may be discontinuous where is an
ë û
2 2
æ ln(1 + 3x) ln(1 - 2 x) ö
integer. = lim ç - ÷
x ®0 è x x ø
So, points of discontinuity are,
x = ±2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8 and 0 æ 3ln(1 + 3x) 2ln(1 - 2 x) ö
= lim ç - ÷
but at x = 0 x ®0 è 3x -2 x ø
=3+ 2=5
lim f ( x ) = 0 = f (0) = lim f ( x)
x ® 0+ x ® 0- Q f(x) will be continuous
So, f (x) will be discontinuous at x = ±2, ±4, ±6 and ±8. \ k = f (0) = lim f ( x ) = 5
x®0
2. (d) Since, function f (x) is continuous at x = 1, 3
5. (b) Since, f(x) is continuous, then
\ f (1) = f (1+ )
lim f ( x)
p
æpö
Þ ae + be -1 = c ...(i) x® = fç ÷
4 è4ø
f (3) = f (3+ )
2 cos x - 1
lim =k
Þ 9c = 9a + 6c Þ c = 3a ...(ii) p cot x - 1
x®
From (i) and (ii), 4
b = ae(3 - e) ...(iii) Now by L- hospital’s rule
é ae x - be - x -1 < x < 1 æ 1 ö
2ç ÷
ê 2 sin x è 2 ø =k Þ k = 1
f '( x ) = ê 2cx 1< x < 3 lim = k Þ
ê 2ax + 2c 3< x< 4
p 2
x ® c osec x ( 2 )2 2
ë 4
f '(0) = a - b, f '(2) = 4c æ éxùö

6. (a) L.H.L. lim- ç [ x ] - ê 4 ú ÷ = 3 - 0 = 3
Given, f '(0) + f '(2)= e x®4 è ë ûø
a - b + 4c= e ...(iv) éxù
From eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), R.H.L. lim+ [ x ] - ê ú = 4 - 1 = 3
x ®4 ë4û
a - 3ae + ae 2 + 12a = e é4ù
f ( 4 ) = [ 4] - ê ú = 4 - 1 = 3
Þ 13a - 3ae + ae 2 = e ë4û
e Q LHL = f (4) = RHL
Þa=
e - 3e + 13
2 \ f (x) is continuous at x = 4
é4ù é 4 ì 4 üù 7. (d) R.H.L. lim+ b ( x - p ) + 3 = ( 5 - p ) b + 3

3. (a) lim x ê ú = A Þ lim x ê - í ý ú = A x ®5
x ®0 ë x û x ®0 ë x î x þ û
f (5) = L.H.L. lim- a ( p - x ) + 1 = a ( 5 - p ) + 1
Þ lim 4 - x ìí üý = A Þ 4 – 0 = A
4 x ®5
x ®0 îxþ Q function is continuous at x = 5
As, f (x) = [x2]sin(px) will be discontinuous at non-integers \ LHL = RHL
And, when x = A + 1 Þ x = 5 , (5 – p) b + 3 = (5 – p) a + 1
which is not an integer. 2
Þ 2 = (a – b) (5 – p) Þ a - b =
Hence, f (x) is discontinuous when x is equal to A +1 5- p

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8. (c) Given function is, For the limit to exist, power of x in the numerator should be
greater than or equal to the power of x in the denominator.
ì| x | +[ x], -1 £ x < 1 Therefore, coefficient of x in numerator is equal to ero
ï
x + | x |, 1 £ x < 2 Þ 3–k=0
f (x) = í
ï x + [ x ], 2£ x£3 Þ k=3
î
So the limit reduces to
ì - x - 1, -1 £ x < 0
ï x, 0 £ x <1 æ 4 8x ö
ïï ( x2 ) ç + + ... ÷
è 2! 3! ø
= í 2 x, 1£ x < 2 lim
ï x + 2,
x ®0 æ 4 x 8x 2 ö
2£ x<3 ( x 2 ) çç 2 + + + ... ÷÷
ï 2! 3!
ïî6, x=3 è ø
Þ f (–1) = 0, f (–1+) = 0;
4 8x
+ + ...
f (0–) = –1, f (0) = 0, f (0+) = 0; = lim 2! 3! =1
x ®0 4 x 8 x2
f (1–) = 1, f (1) = 2, f (1+) = 2; 2+ + + ...
2! 3!
f (2–) = 4, f (2) = 4, f (2+) = 4;
Hence, f (0) = 1
f (3–) = 5, f (3) = 6
11. (c) Since f (x) is continuous at x = 2.
f (x) is discontinuous at x = {0, 1, 3}
\ lim f ( x ) = f (2)
Hence, f (x) is discontinuous at only three points. x®2
9. (d) Let f(x) is continuous at x = 1, then 1
f(1–) = f(1) = f(1+) Þ lim ( x - 1) 2-x
=k (1¥ form)
Þ 5=a+b ...(1) x®2
Let f(x) is continuous at x = 3, then \ el = k

f(3–) = f(3) = f(3+) 1 x-2
Þ a + 3b = b + 15 ...(2) where l = lim ( x - 1 - 1) ´ = lim
x®2 2 - x x®2 2 - x
Let f(x) is continuous at x = 5, then
æ x-2ö
f(5–) = f(5) = f(5+) = lim ç ÷
x ®2 è x - 2 ø
Þ b + 25 = 30
Þ b = 30 – 25 = 5 Þ k = e–1
From (1), a = 0 12. (c) lim f ( x ) = f (p 2 )
x ®p 2
But a = 0, b = 5 do not satisfy equation (2)
Hence, f(x) is not continuous for any values of a and b 2 3
Þ k + 2 5 =1 Þ k = 1 – Þ k=
10. (a) If the function is continuous at x = 0, then 5 5
lim f ( x) will exist and f (0) = lim f ( x) 2x2 2b 2 - 4b
x®0 x®0
a a x3
æ 1 k -1 ö 13. (c)
Now, lim f ( x) = lim ç - 2 x ÷ 0 1 2
x ®0 x ®0 x
è e -1 ø
Continuity at x = 1
æ e 2 x - 1 - kx + x ö
= lim çç ÷÷ 2
x®0
è ( x ) ( e - 1) ø
2x =a Þa= ± 2
a
éæ (2 x) 2 (2 x )3 ö ù Continuity at x = 2 a= 2
ê ç1 + 2 x + + + ... ÷÷ - 1 - kx + x ú
ê ç 2! 3! ú
= lim ê è ø 2b - 4b
2
æ ö ú a=
x ®0 æ 2 3 ö
ê ( x) ç 1 + 2 x + (2 x ) + (2 x ) + ... - 1÷ ú 2 2
ê ççç ÷
÷ ÷ú
ë èè 2! 3! ø øû Put a = 2
é ù
2 = b2 – 2b Þ b2 – 2b – 2 = 0
4 x2 8x 3
ê (3 - k ) x + + + ... ú 2 ± 4 + 4.2 1 ± 3
= xlim ê 2! 3! ú b= =
®0 ê æ 4 x3 8 x3 ö ú 2
ê ç 2x + + + ... ÷ ú
2
êë è 2! 3! ø úû So, (a, b) = ( 2,1 - 3)

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14. (c) Since f(x) is a continuous function therefore limit of 4 æ 1 ö

f(x) at x ® 0 = value of f(x) at 0. = lim
9 ´ 2 x®0 ç sin 2 3 x ÷
(e x - 1)2 ç ÷
\ lim f ( x) = lim ç 2 ÷
2
x ®0 x ®0 æxö æ xö ç æ 3x ö ÷
sin ç ÷ log ç 1 + ÷ çè çè 2 ÷ø ÷ø
èk ø è 4ø
2
2æe
x
-1 ö 2é lim1 ù
x® 0
ì sin x ü
= 1ý
x ç ÷ = ê ú í lim
ç x ÷ø 9ê 3x ú î x®0 x þ
è æxö sin 2
= lim ´ç ÷ ê 2 ú
x ®0 é æ x öù æ xö è4ø ê lim
log ç1 + ÷ x® 0 æ 3 x ö 2 ú
x ê çè R ÷ø ú
sin
è 4ø ê çè ÷ø ú
ê ú. êë 2 úû
Rê x ú æ öx
êë R úû ç ÷ 2 é1ù 2
è4ø . =
9 êë1úû 9
=
2
2æe -1 ö 17. (a) Let f (x) = [x] + | 1 – x |, – 1 £ x £ 3
x
x ç ÷ 4k
ç x ÷ø where [x] = greatest integer function.
è f is not continuous at x = 0, 1, 2, 3
= xlim
®0 æ xö
x
sin log ç 1 + ÷ But in statement-2 f (x) is continuous at x = 3.
k. è 4ø Hence, statement-1 is true and 2 is false.
x x
1
k 4 18. (b) m( x) = , which is discontinous at x = 1
x -1
on applying limit we get
1 1
4k = 12 Þ k = 3 f (u) = 2 = ,
u +u -2 ( u + 2) (u - 1)
2 + cos x - 1 which is discontinous at u = – 2, 1
15. (d) Since f (x) = is
( p - x) 2 1 1
when u = – 2, then = -2 Þ x =
Continuous at x = p x -1 2
\ L.H.L = R.H.L = f (p) 1
Let (p – x) = q, q ® 0 when x ® p when u = 1, then =1 Þ x = 2
x -1
2 - cos q - 1 Hence given composite function is discontinous at three
\ lim
q® 0 q2 1
points, x = 1, and 2.
2
(2 - cos q) - 1 1
= lim ´ 19. (d) fog = f (g(x)) = f (1 – | x |)
q®0 q2 2 - cos q + 1
= –1 + 1- | x | -2
1 - cos q 1
= lim . (Q cos 0 = 1) = –1 + - | x | -1 = -1 + | x | +1
q®0
q2 2
Let fog = y
2 lim sin q / 2
2
1 2sin 2 q / 2
= lim = \ y = -1 + | x | +1
2 q® 0 q2 2 q® 0 q 2
4
.4
Þ y= { -1 + x + 1, x ³ 0
-1 - x + 1, x < 0
æ sin x ö
{
1
= çèQ lim = 1÷ x, x ³ 0
4 x® 0 x ø Þ y=
- x, x < 0
æ 9ö 2
16. (b) Given that f çè ÷ø = LHL at (x = 0) = lim (- x) = 0
2 9 x®0
æ ö 2 RHL at (x = 0) = lim ( x ) = 0
æ 1 - cos 3x ö x x ®0
lim f ç ÷ = lim ç ÷
x®0 è x 2 ø x ® 0 è 1 - cos 3 x ø When x = 0, then y = 0
Hence, LHL at (x = 0) = RHL at (x = 0)
æ ö æ 9 2 4ö = value of y at (x = 0)
x2 .x .
lim ç ÷ 1 ç 9÷
lim ç 4 Hence y is continuous at x = 0.
x÷
= x ®0 ç 2 3x ÷ =
ç 2 sin ÷ 2 x ® 0
ç sin 2 3
÷ Clearly at all other point y continuous. Therefore, the set
è 2 ø è 2ø of all points where fog is discontinuous is an empty set.

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2x - 1 ö L.H .L = lim- f ( x)
20. (a) Let f ( x ) = [ x ] cos æç
24. (b)
÷ ( at x = 0) x ®0
è 2 ø
We know that [x] is discontinuous at all integral points sin{( p + 1)( - h)} - sinh
= lim =p+1+1=p+2
and cos x is continuous at xÎ R. h®0 -h
So, check at x = n, n Î I
R.H .L = lim+ f ( x)
æ 2x - 1 ö ( at x = 0) x®0
L.H.L = lim- [ x ] cos ç ÷p
x ®n è 2 ø
æ 2n –1ö x + x2 – x x + x2 + x 1 1
= ( n – 1) cos ç π=0 = lim ´ =
è 2 ÷ø
=
h®0 x 3/ 2
x+ x + x 2 1+1 2
(Q [x] is the greatest integer function) f (0) = 2
æ 2x - 1 ö Given that f(x) is continuous at x = 0
R.H.L = lim+ [ x ] cos ç ÷p 1
è 2 ø
x ®n \p+2=q=
æ 2n - 1 ö 2
= n cos ç ÷p = 0
è 2 ø 3 1
Now, value of the function at x = n is Þ p = - ,q =
2 2
f (n) = 0 1 2
Since, L.H.L = R.H.L. = f (n) 25. (b) Given, f (x) = - 2 x is continuous at x = 0
x e -1
æ 2x - 1 ö
\ f (x) = [x] cos ç ÷ is continuous for every real x. 1 2
è 2 ø Þ f (0) = lim -
x®0 x e2 x - 1
x
21. (d) Consider £ f ( x) £ 6 - x
[ x] ( e2 x - 1) - 2 x
é0 ù
= lim ; ê form ú
x 2 x®0 x(e - 1) ë
2x 0 û
Þ lim- = =2
x®2 [ x ] 1 \ Applying, L'Hospital rule
Differentiate two times, we get
Þ lim 6- x = 2
x ® 2- 4e 2 x
f (0) = lim 2x
\ lim f (x) = 2 [By Sandwich theorem] x ® 0 2( xe 2 + e 2 x .1) + e 2 x .2
x® 2-
4e 2 x é0 ù
x = lim êë 0 form úû
Now lim+ = 1 , lim+ 6 - x = 2 x ® 0 4 xe 2 x + 2e 2x
+ 2e 2x
x®2 [ x ] x ®2
4e 2 x 4.e0
Hence by Sandwich theorem lim f ( x ) does not exists. = lim = =1
x ® 0 4( xe 2 x + e 2 x ) 4(0 + e0 )
x ® 2+
Therefore f is not continuous at x = 2. Thus statement-1 1 - tan x é pù
is true but statement-2 is not true 26. (c) Given that f ( x) = is continuous in ê0, 2 ú
4x - p ë û
22. (d) Statement - 1 is true.
æ pö
It is the definition of continuity. \ f ç ÷ = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x)
è 4ø p- p+
Statement - 2 is false. x® x®
ïì x sin (1/ x ) , x ¹ 0
4 4
æp ö
23. (c) Given that f ( x ) = í lim f ( x ) = lim f ç + h÷
ïî 0 , x = 0 p - h ® 0 è 4 ø
x®
At x = 0 4
ì æ 1ö ü æp ö 1 + tan h
1 - tan ç + h÷ 1-
LHL = lim– í - h sin çè - ÷ø ý è4 ø 1 - tan h
h®0 î h þ = lim , h > 0 = lim
h ®0 æ p ö ® 4h
= 0 × a finite quantity between – 1 4 ç + h÷ - p h 0
and 1= 0 è4 ø
-2 tan h -2 1 é tan q ù
= lim . = =- Q lim = 1ú
RHL = lim h sin
1
=0 h ®0 1 - tan h 4 h 4 2 êë q® 0 q û
h®0+ h 27. (b) Let a is a rational number other than 0, in [–5, 5],
Also, f (0) = 0 then f (a) = a and lim f ( x) = - a
Thus LHL = RHL = f ( 0) x®a
\ f ( x) is continuous on R. \ x ® a– and x ® a+ is tends to irrational number
but f 2 ( x) is not continuous at x = 0 \ f (x) is discontinuous at any rational number

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If a is irrational number, then and also f ''( x ) ³ 4

f (a) = – a and lim f ( x) = a f '(5) - f '(2)
x®a
Þ ³ 4 Þ f '(5) ³ 12 + f '(2)
\ f (x) is not continuous at any irrational number. For x = 0, 5-2
lim f ( x) = f (0) = 0 Þ f '(5) ³ 17
x®0
\ f (x) is continuous at x = 0 Hence, f (5) + f '(5) ³ 28
31. (10.00)
28. (a)
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) + xy 2 + x 2 y
2 2
y=x y=x Differentiate w.r.t. x :
y=x
f '( x + y ) = f '( x ) + 0 + y 2 + 2 xy
(0, 0) (1, 0) Put y = – x

f '(0) = f '( x) + x2 - 2 x2 ...(i)
f ( x)
Q lim = 1 Þ f (0) = 0
x®0
{ }
x
f ( x) = max . x, x 2
\ f '(0) = 1 ...(ii)
ì x2 , From equations (i) and (ii),
x<0
ï
Þ f ( x ) = í x, 0 £ x < 1 f '( x) = ( x2 + 1) Þ f '(3) = 10.
ï 2
îx , x ³1 ì - x -1
ï 2 , x < -1
\ f ( x) is not differentiable at x = 0, 1 ï
ïp
29. (a) f (x) is differentiable then, f (x) is also continuous. 32. (a) f ( x) = í + tan -1 x, - 1 £ x £ 1
ï4
\ lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f ( p ) ï1
x ®p + x®p - ï 2 ( x - 1), x >1
î
Þ -1 = - K 2 Þ K 2 = 1 y
ì 2 K ( x - p) : x £ p
\ f '( x) = í 1
î - K 2 sin x x>p p x -1
+ tan - 1 x
1 4
Then, lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x) = 0 - ( x + 1) 2
x ®p + x ®p – 2
ì 2 K1 ; x£p x' x
f ''( x) = í (–1, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0)
-
î 2 K cos x ; x>p
Then, lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )
x ®p + x ®p -
1
Þ 2 K1 = K 2 Þ K1 =
2 y'
æ1 ö
So, (K1, K2) = ç , 1÷ It is clear from above graph that,
è2 ø f (x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
30. (b) Let f be twice differentiable function i.e. continuous on R – {1}
Q f ' ( x) ³ 1 f (x) is non-differentiable at x = – 1, 1
i.e. differentiable on R – {–1, 1}.
f (5) - f (2)
Þ ³1 sin(a + 2) x + sin x
3 33. (c) LHL = lim
x ®0 x
Þ f (5) ³ 3 + f (2)
æ sin( a + 2) x ö sin x
= lim ç ÷ ( a + 2) + lim =a+3
Þ f (5) ³ 3 + 8 Þ f (5) ³ 11 x ®0 è ( a + 2) x ø x ®0 x

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f (0) = b
f (0–) = hLim f (0 - h ) = Lim sin( p + 1)(-h) + sin(-h)
æ 1 ö ®0 h ®0 -h
ç (1 + 3h) 3 - 1 ÷
RHL = lim ç ÷ =1 é - sin( p + 1)h sin h ù
h ®0 ç h ÷÷ = Lim ê +
ç
è ø h® 0 ë -h h úû
Q Function f(x) is continuous sin( p + 1) h sin h
= Lim ´ ( p + 1) + Lim
\ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x) = f (0) h® 0 h ( p + 1) h ®0 h
x ®0 - x ®0 +
= (p + 1) + 1 = p + 2 ...(2)
\ a+3=1 Þ a=–2
h +h- h
2
and b = 1 And f (0+) = Lim
h ®0
f (0 + h) =
Hence, a + 2b = 0 h3/2
34. (a) It is given that functions f and g are differentiable 1

and fog is identity function. (h) 2 éë h + 1 - 1ùû
Lim
\ (fog)(x) = x Þ f (g(x)) = x h® 0 æ 1ö
hç h2 ÷
=
Differentiating both sides, we get
ç ÷
f ¢(g(x)) × g¢(x) = 1 è ø
Now, put x = a, then h +1 -1 h + 1 + 1 Lim h + 1 - 1
f ¢(g(a)) × g¢(a) = 1 = Lim ´ =
h® 0 h h + 1 + 1 h®0 h( h + 1 + 1)
f ¢(b) × 5 = 1
1 1 1
= Lim = = ...(3)
1 h® 0 h +1 +1 1+1 2
f ¢(b) =
5 Now, from equation (1),
35. (Bonus) For a constant function f(x), option (1), (3) and 1
f (0–) = f (0) = f (0+) Þ p + 2 = q =
(4) doesn’t hold and by LMVT theorem, option (2) is 2
incorrect. 1 -3 æ 3 1ö
Þq= and p = \ (p, q) = ç - , ÷
36. (a) From, LMVT for x Î [–7, –1] 2 2 è 2 2ø
f ( -1) - f ( -7) f (-1) + 3 39. (b) f (x) = ln (sin x), g (x) = sin–1 (e–x)
£2 Þ £ 2 Þ f(–1) £ 9
( -1 + 7) 6 Þ f (g(x)) = ln (sin (sin–1 e–x)) = – x
From, LMVT for x Î [–7, 0] Þ f (g(x)) = – a
f (0) - f ( -7) But given that (fog) (a) = b

£2
(0 + 7) \ – a = b and f ‘ (g (a)) = a, i.e., a = – 1
\ aa2 – ba – a = – a2 + a2 – (– 1)
f (0) + 3
£ 2 Þ f(0) £ 11 Þ aa2 – ba – a = 1.
7
\ f (0) + f(–1) £ 20 g ( x ) - g (c )
40. (c) g '(c) = lim
37. (c) Q f(x) is non differentiable at x = 1, 3, 5 x ®c x -c
[Q |x – 3| is not differentiable at x = 3] | f ( x ) | - | f (c ) |
Þ g '(c) = lim
S f(f(x)) = f(f(1) + f(f(3)) + f(f(5)) x ®c x-c
=1+1+1=3 Since, f (c) = 0
| f ( x) |
ì Then, g '(c) = lim
ï x ®c x - c
ï sin(p + 1)x + sin x x<0 f (x)
ï Þ g '(c) = lim ; if f (x) > 0
x x®c x - c
ï
38. (c) f (x) = í q x = 0 is continuous at x = 0 - f ( x)
ï and g '(c) = lim ; if f (x) < 0
2
ï x +x - x x ®c x - c
ï 3
x>0 Þ g '(c) = f '(c) = – f ‘ (c)
ï
î x2 Þ 2f '(c) = 0 Þ f '(c) = 0
Therefore, f (0–) = f (0) = f (0+) ...(1) Hence, g (x) is differentiable if f ¢(c) = 0

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41. (a) Since, f(x) = 15 – |(10 – x)| ïì 1 + x - 1, -2 £ x < 0

2
\ g(x) = f(f(x)) = 15 – |10 – [15 – |10 – x|]| Þ g(x) = í 2

ïî( x - 1) + | x - 1|, 0 £ x £ 2
2
= 15 – ||10 – x| – 5|
ì x2 , -2 £ x < 0
\ Then, the points where function g(x) is Non- ï
= í 0, 0 £ x <1
differentiable are
ï 2
10 – x = 0 and |10 – x| = 5 î 2( x - 1), 1 £ x £ 2
Þ x = 10 and x – 10 = ± 5 g¢(0–) = 0, g¢(0+) = 0, g¢(1–) = 0, g¢(1+) = 4
Þ x = 10 and x = 15, 5 Þ g(x) is non-differentiable at x = 1
Þ g(x) is not differentiable at one point.
42. (a) Let g (x) = f ( f ( f (x))) + (f(x))2
45. (b) Consider the equation,
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
x loge (loge x) – x2 + y2 = 4
g' (x) = f '( f ( f (x))) f '( f (x)) f '(x) + 2 f (x) f '(x)
g' (1) = f '( f ( f (1))) f '( f (1)) f '(1) + 2 f (1) f '(1) Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x,
= f '( f (1)) f '(1) f '(1) + 2 f (1) f '(1) 1 dy
loge (log e x ) + x × - 2x + 2 y
= 3 × 3 × 3 + 2 × 1 × 3 = 27 + 6 = 33 x × log e x dx = 0
43. (b) Since, f ¢(x) = f(x)
1 dy
f ¢( x ) log e (log e x) + - 2x + 2 y
Then, =1 log e x dx = 0 ...(1)
f ( x)
When x = e, y = 4 + e 2 . Put these values in (1),
f ¢( x) f ¢( x)
Þ f ( x ) = dx Þ f ( x ) dx = òdx
dy
0 + 1 - 2e + 2 4 + e 2 =0
Þ ln |f(x)| = x + c dx
f(x) = ±ex + c ...(1) 2e - 1
dy .
Since, the given condition =
dx 2 4 + e2
f(1) = 2
From eqn (1) f(x) = ex + c = ecex 46. (a) f (x) = sin |x| – |x| + 2(x – p) cos |x|
Then, f(1) = ec × e1 There are two cases,
Þ 2=e ×e c
Case (1), x > 0
2 c f (x) = sin x – x + 2(x – p) cos x
Þ =e
e f ¢(x) = cos x – 1 + 2(1 – 0) cos x – 2 sin (x – p)
Then, from eqn (1) f ¢(x) = 3 cos x – 2(x – p) sin x – 1
2 x Then, function f(x) is differentiable for all x > 0
f(x) = e
e
Case (2) x < 0
2 x f(x) = – sin x + x + 2(x – p) cos x
Þ f ¢(x) = e
e
f ¢(x) = – cos x + 1 – 2(x – p) sin x + 2 cos x
Nowh(x) = f(f(x))
f ¢(x) = cos x + 1 – 2(x – p) sin x
Þ h¢(x) = f ¢(f(x)) × f ¢(x)
Then, function f(x) is differentiable for all x < 0
2 2 2
h¢(1) = f ¢(2) × f ¢(1) = e × × e = 4e Now check for x = 0
e e
f ¢(0+) R.H.D. = 3 – 1 = 2
ìï -1, -2 £ x < 0
44. (d) f(x) = í 2 f ¢(0–) L.H.D. = 1 + 1 = 2
ïî x - 1, 0 £ x £ 2
L.H.D. = R.H.D.
ìï -1, -2 £ | x | < 0 Then, function f(x) is differentiable for x = 0. So it is
Then, f(|x|) = í 2
ïî| x | -1, 0 £ | x | £ 2 differentiable everywhere
Þ f(|x|) = x – 1, –2 £ x £ 2
2
Hence, k = f

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ïìmax{| x |, x 2 } | x| £ 2 | - h - p | (e|-h| - 1)sin | - h | - 0

47. (b) Given f(x) = í L.H.D. = lim =0
ïî 8 - 2 | x | 2 < |x | £ 4 h®0 -h
\ RHD = LHD
Therefore, function is differentiable.
y = x2 y = x2 at x = 0.
y = 8 - 2|x| y = 8 - 2|x|
y = |x| y = |x| Since, the function f(x) is differentiable at all the points
including p and 0.
i.e., f(x) is every where differentiable .
Therefore, there is no element in the set S.
Þ S = f (an empty set)
50. (a) S = {(l, m) Î R × R : f (t) = (|l|e|t| – m) sin (2|t|), t Î R
Q f(x) is not differentiable at –2, –1, 0, 1 and 2. f (t) = (|l|e| t | – m) sin (2|t|)
\ S = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
ìï(| l | et – m) sin 2t, t > 0
48. (c) Consider the function =í -t
ïî (| l | e – m) (– sin 2t ), t < 0
{
f(x) = max - | x |, - 1 - x
2
} ïì(| l | e ) sin 2t + (| l | e – m) (2cos 2t ), t > 0
t t
Now, the graph of the function f ¢ (t) = í -t -t

ïî| l | e sin 2t + (| l | e – m) (– 2cos 2t ), t < 0
As, f (t) is differentiable
\ LHD = RHD at t = 0
Þ |l| . sin 2 (0) + (|l|e0 – m)2 cos (0)
= |l|e–0 . sin 2 (0) – 2 cos (0) (|l|e– 0 – m)
Þ 0 + (|l| – m)2 = 0 – 2 (|l| – m)
Þ 4 (|l| – m) = 0
Þ |l| = m
So, S º (l, m) = {l Î R & m Î [0, ¥)}
1
x x
1 Therefore set S is subset of R × [0, ¥)
2 2
ìï- x x <1
From the graph, it is clear that f(x) is not differentiable at x 51. (a) f (x) = í -1
ïîa + cos ( x + b) 1 £ x £ 2
1 1
= 0, - , f (x) is continuous
2 2
Þ –1
lim f (x) = lim a + cos (x + b) = f (x)
x ®1- x ®1+
ì 1 1 ü
Then, K = í- , 0, ý Þ –1 = a + cos–1 (1 + b)
î 2 2þ
cos–1 (1 + b) = – 1 – a .....(a)
Hence, K has exactly three elements. f (x) is differentiate
49. (d) f (x) =| x - p | (e|x| - 1)sin | x | Þ LHD = RHD
Check differentiability of f(x) at x = p and x = 0 -1

Þ –1=
at x = p : 1 - (1 + b) 2
| p + h- p | (e|x + h| - 1) sin | p + h | - 0 Þ 1 – (1 + b)2 = 1 Þ b = – 1 .....(b)
R.H.D. = lim From (a) Þ cos–1(0) = – 1 – a
h ®0 h
p
| p - h - p | (e|p-h| - 1)sin | p - h | - 0 \ –1–a=
L.H.D = lim =0 2
h ®0 -h
Q RHD = LHD p -p - 2
a = –1 – Þ a= .....(c)
Therefore, function is differentiable at x = p 2 2
at x = 0:
a p+2
\ =
| h - p | (e|h| - 1) sin | h | - 0 b 2
R.H.D. = lim =0
h ®0 h

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52. (c) Since g (x) is differentiable, it will be continuous at x = 3

ì 2 1
\ lim g(x) = lim g(x) ï x sin , x ¹ 0
-
x ®3 +
x®3
g(x) = í x
ïî0, x=0
2k = 3m + 2 ...(1)
Also g(x) is differentiable at x = 0 For g(x)
\ lim– g¢ (x) = lim+ g¢(x) ì æ 1ö ü
x ®3 x ®3 LHL = lim í - h 2 sin ç ÷ ý
h® 0 - î è hø þ
k
=m = 02 × a finite quantity between –1 and 1 = 0
2 3 +1
æ 1ö
k= 4m ...(2) RHL = lim h2 sin ç ÷ = 0
h® 0 + è hø
Solving (1) and (2), we get
Also g(0) = 0
2 8 \ g(x) is continuous at x = 0
m= , k=
5 5
ìx - 2 , x-2³0
k+m =2 55. (c) f ( x) = x - 2 = í
53. (b) Let | f (x) | £ x2, "x Î R î2 - x , x-2£0
Now, at x = 0, | f (0) | £ 0 ìx - 2 , x³2
Þ f (0) = 0 =í
î2 - x , x£2
f ( h ) - f (0) f (h)
\ f ¢ (0) = lim = lim ...(1) Similarly,
h® 0 h-0 h® 0 h
ìx - 5 , x ³ 5
f (h) f ( x) = x - 5 = í
Now, £|h| 2
(Q | f ( x ) | £ x ) î5 - x , x £ 5
h
\ f ( x) = x - 2 + x - 5
f (h)
Þ - | h |£ £| h |
h = { x - 2 + 5 - x = 3, 2 £ x £ 5}
f (h) Thus f (x) = 3 , 2 £ x £ 5
Þ lim ®0 ...(2)
h® 0 h f ¢ (x) = 0 , 2 < x < 5
(using sandwich Theorem) f ¢ (4) = 0
\ from (1) and (2), we get f ¢(0) = 0, Q Statement-1 is true
i.e. – f (x) is differentiable, at x = 0
Since, differentiability Þ Continutity Y
\ | f (x) | £ x2, for all x Î R is continuous as well as

differentiable at x = 0.
ì æ 1ö
x sin ç ÷ , x ¹ 0
54. (b) f (x) = ïí è xø X
2 5
ï0, x=0
î
and g(x) = x f (x) Since f (x) = 3, 2 £ x £ 5 is constant function.
For f (x)
So, it continuous in 2, 5 and differentiable in (2, 5)
ì æ 1ö ü Q f (2) = 0 + |2 – 5| = 3
LHL = lim- í - h sin ç - ÷ ý
h® 0 î è hø þ and f (5) = |5 – 2| + 0 = 3 statement-2 is also true.
= 0 × a finite quantity between –1 and 1 = 0 56. (d) |sin x| and e|x| are not differentiable at x = 0 and |x|3
is differentiable at x = 0.
1
RHL = lim+ h sin =0 \ for f (x) to be differentiable at x = 0, we must have
h® 0 h
a = 0, b = 0 and c is any real number.
Also, f (0) = 0 57. (b) Given x + | y | = 2y
Thus LHL = RHL = f(0) Þ x + y = 2y or x – y = 2y
\ f (x) is continuous at x = 0
Þ x = y or x = 3y

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This represent a straight line which passes through origin.

1 x –1 æ 1 öù
Hence, x + | y | = 2y is continuous at x = 0. At x = 0 f '(0) = sin – cos ç ÷ú
Now, we check differentiability at x = 0 (x –1) (x –1) 2 è x – 1 ø úû x = 0
x + | y | = 2y Þ x + y = 2y, y ³ 0 = –sin 1 + cos 1
x – y = 2y, y < 0 \ f is differentiable at x = 0
ìï x, y < 0üï 60. (a) f (x) = min {x + 1, | x | + 1}
Thus, f ( x ) = í x ý
, y ³ 0ï Þ f (x) = x + 1 " x Î R
îï 3 þ
f ( x + h) - f ( x )
Y
Now, L.H.D. = lim
h®0- -h y=–x+1 y=x+1
x+h-x
= lim- = -1 (0, 1)
h ®0 -h X’
X
f ( x + h) - f ( x ) (–1, 0)
R.H.D = lim Y’
h®0+ h
Since f (x) = x + 1 is polynomial function
x+h x Hence, f (x) is differentiable everywhere for all x Î R.
-
= lim 3 3 = lim 1 = 1
ì x
h® 0+ h h®0+ 3 3 ïï1 - x , x < 0
61. (c) f ( x) = í
Since, L.H.D ¹ R.H.D. at x = 0
ï x , x³0
\ given function is not differentiable at x = 0 îï1 + x
x 2 f ( a ) - a 2 f ( x) x
58. (c) xlim
®a f(x) = is not define at x ¹ 1 but here x < 0 and f (x)
x-a 1- x
Applying L-Hospital rule x
2 xf (a) - a2 f ¢ ( x) = is not define at x = –1 but here x > 0. So, f (x) is
= xlim = 2af (a) - a2 f '(a) 1+ x
®a
1 continuous for x Î R.
ì æ 1 ö ì x
ï(x – 1) sin ç , if x ¹ 1 , x<0
59. (c) Given that, f (x) = í è x – 1÷ø ï 2
ïî 0 ï (1 - x)
, if x = 1 and f '( x ) = í
ï x , x³0
At x = 1 ïî (1 + x) 2
f (1 + h) – f (1)
R.H.D. = lim \ f '( x) exist at everywhere.
h®0 h
62. (b) Given that | f (x) – f (y) | £ (x – y)2, x, y Î R ...(i) and
1 f (0) = 0
h sin – 0
h 1 f ( x + h ) - f ( x)
= lim = lim sin = a finite number
h ®0 h h ®0 h f '(x) = lim
h®0 h
Let this finite number be l f ( x + h ) - f ( x) (h)2
| f '( x) | = lim £ lim
f (1 - h) - f (1) h®0 h h®0 h
L.H.D. = lim
h®0 -h Þ | f '( x) | £ 0 Þ f '( x) = 0
æ 1 ö
-h sin ç ÷ Þ f (x) = constant
è -h ø æ 1 ö
= lim = lim sin ç ÷ As f (0) = 0
h ®0 -h h ®0 è -h ø
Þ f (1) = 0.
æ 1ö
= - lim sin çè ÷ø = – (a finite number) = – l f (1 + h) - f (1)
h®0 h 63. (c) f '(1) = lim ;
h®0 h
Thus R.H.D ¹ L.H.D Given that function is differentiable so it is continuous
\ f is not differentiable at x = 1 also

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f (1 + h) 66. (c) (a + 2b cos x)(a - 2b cos y) = a 2 - b 2

and lim = 5 and hence f (1) = 0
h®0 h Differentiating both sides,
f (1 + h) ( - 2b sin x)(a - 2b cos y) + (a + 2b cos x)
Hence, f '(1) = lim =5
h®0 h
dy
æ 1 1ö ( 2b sin y ) =0
-ç + ÷ dx
è x xø
64. (c) Given that f (0) = 0; f ( x ) = xe
dy ( 2b sin x )(a - 2b cos y )
h Þ =
R.H.L. = lim (0 + h)e -2 / h = lim =0 dx (a + 2b cos x )( 2b sin y )
h® 0 h ®0 e 2 / h
æ 1 1ö é dy ù a-b dx a + b
-ç - ÷
L.H.L. = lim (0 - h)e è h hø \ê ú = Þ =
=0 ë dx û æç p , pö a+b dy a - b
h® 0 è 4 4 ø÷
therefore, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
æ 1 1ö 6
-ç + ÷ -1 ì 3 4 ü
(0 + h)e è h hø
-0 67. (91) y = å k cos í 5 cos kx - 5 sin kx ý
Now, R.H.D = lim =0 k =1 î þ
h® 0 h
æ 1 1ö 3 4
-ç - ÷ Let cos a = and sin a =
è h hø
(0 - h)e -0 5 5
L.H.D. = lim =1
h® 0 -h 6
¹
therefore, L.H.D. R.H.D. \ y = å k cos -1{cos a cos kx - sin a sin kx}
f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0. k =1
æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö 6
65. (d) Let u = tan -1 ç ÷ = å k cos -1 (cos(kx + a))

ç x ÷ k =1
è ø
6 6
Put x = tan q Þ q = tan -1 x = å k (kx + a) = å (k 2 x + ak )
k =1 k =1
æ sec q - 1 ö -1 æ qö
\ u = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan ç tan ÷
è tan q ø è 2ø dy 6
6(7)(13)
\ = å k2 = = 91.
q 1 dx k =1 6
= = tan -1 x
2 2 68. (Bonus) It is given that
du 1 1 x = 2sinq – sin2q ...(i)
\ = ´
dx 2 (1 + x 2 ) y = 2cosq – cos2q ...(ii)
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. q, we get
æ 2 x 1 - x2 ö
Let v = tan -1 ç ÷ dx
= 2cos q - 2cos2q
ç ÷
è 1 - 2x
2
ø dq
Differentiating (ii) w.r.t. q; we get
Put x = sin f Þ f = sin -1 x
dy
= -2sin q + 2sin 2q
-1 æ
2 sin f cos f ö -1 dq
v = tan ç ÷ = tan (tan 2f)
è cos 2f ø From (ii) 揤 (i), we get
= 2f = 2sin -1 x dy sin 2q - sin q

\ =
dx cos q - cos2q
dv 1
=2 q 3q
dx 1 - x2 2sin .cos
= 2 2 = cot 3q
q 3q 2 ...(iii)
du du / dx 1 - x2 2sin .sin
= = 2 2
dv dv / dx 4(1 + x 2 )
Again, differentiating eqn. (iii), we get
æ du ö 3
\ç ÷ = d2y -3 3q d q
è dv øçæ x = 1 ö÷ 10 = cosec 2 .
è 2ø 2 2 2 dx
dx

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Putting y = 1 and x = 0 in (ii),

-3 3q
2 cosec 2 dy dy 1
d y
= 2 2 e +0+1=0Þ =-
dx 2 2(cos q - cos 2q) dx dx e
On differentiating (ii) w. r. to x,
d2y 3 3
=- = d2y dy y dy d 2 y dy dy
2
dx (q = p) 4(-1 - 1) 8 ey + .e . + x 2 + + =0 ...(iii)
dx 2 dx dx dx dx dx
2sin a cos a dy 1
+ Putting y = 1, x = 0 and = - in (iii),
cos a sin a = 2 cos a + 1
2 dx e
69. (a) y (a ) = 2
sec a sin a cos a sin 2 a d2y 1 2 d2y 1
e + - = 0 Þ =
dx 2 e e dx 2 e 2
= 2cot a + cosec 2 a = 2cot a + 1 + cot 2 a
æ dy d 2 y ö æ 1 1 ö
é æ 3p öù Hence, ç dx , 2 ÷÷ º ç - e , 2 ÷
ç
= |1 + cot a| = – 1 – cot a êQ a Î ç 4 , p ÷ú è dx ø è e ø
ë è øû
æ tan x - 1 ö
dy æ dy ö 72. (d) f (x) = tan–1 çè tan x + 1 ÷ø
= cosec 2a Þ ç ÷ =4
da è d a øa= 5p
6 æ æp öö é p æ p p öù
- x ÷÷ êQ 4 - x Î ç - 4 , 4 ÷ ú
= – tan–1 çè çè 4
tan
1 -1 -1 øø ë è øû
70. (b) Given, x = , y = Þ xy =
2 4 8
æp ö p
1.( -2 x ) So, f (x) = - ç - x ÷ = x -
y. + y¢ 1 - x 2 è4 ø 4
2 1 - x2 p
Let y = Þ f (y) = 2 y -
ì 4
ï x.(-2 y ) üï
= - í1. 1 - y 2 + y¢ ý df ( y )
ïî 2 1 - y 2 ïþ Now, differentiate w.r.t. y, = 2.
dy
xy xy. y ¢ 2
Þ - + y¢ 1 - x 2 = - 1 - y 2 + é æ 3 1 öù
1- x 2
1- y 2 ê ç cos x + sin x ÷ ú
-
ê cot ç
1 2 2 ÷ú
73. (none) 2y = ê ç1 3 ÷ú
æ ö êë ç cos x - sin x ÷ú
xy è2 2 øû
Þ y¢ ç 1 - x 2 - ÷ = xy - 1 - y 2
ç 1- y2 ÷ 1 - x2 2
è ø é æ æp ö öù
ê ç cos ç - x ÷ ÷ú
ê cot -1 ç è6 ø ÷ú
æ ö Þ 2y = ê ç sin æ p - x ö ÷ú
ç 3 ÷ ê ç ç ÷÷
Þ y¢ç +
1
÷=
-1
-
15
ë è è6 ø øúû
ç 2 15 ÷ 3 4
ç 8. ÷ 8. é -1 æ æ p
2
è 4 ø 2 ö öù p æ p pö
Þ 2y = ê cot ç cot ç - x ÷ ÷ ú Q - x Îç- , ÷
ë è è6 ø øû 6 è 3 6ø
æ 45 + 1 ö (1 + 45)
Þ y¢ çç ÷÷ = - ìæ 7p 2
ö p æ -p ö
è 2 15 ø 4 3 ïç - x ÷ , if - x Î ç ,0 ÷
ïè 6 ø 6 è 3 ø
í
5 Þ 2y = ïæ p ö
2
p æ pö
\ y¢ = - - , if - x Î ç 0, ÷
2 ïç x ÷
îè 6 ø 6 è 0ø
71. (b) Given, ey + xy = e ...(i)
Putting x = 0 in (i), Þ ey = e Þ y = 1 ì 7p æp pö
ïx - 6 if x Î ç , ÷
On differentiating (i) w. r. to x ï è6 2ø
dy í
dy dy Þ = ï p æ pö
ey + x + y = 0 ...(ii) dx x- if x Î ç 0, ÷
dx dx ïî 6 è 6ø

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74. (b) f(x) = min{sinx, cosx} f "'(x) = 6 Þ f "'(3) = 6
y = sin x
Q f(x) = x3 + f '(1)x2 + f " (2) x + f "'(3)
y
\ f '(1) = a Þ 3 + 2a + b = a Þ a + b = – 3 ...(1)
y=1
also f "(2) = b Þ 12 + 2a = b Þ 2a – b = – 12 ...(2)

3p p
-
4 2
and f "(3) = c Þ c = 6
–p p p p x
-
2 4 Add (1) and (2)
3a = – 15 Þ a = – 5 Þ b = 2
y = –1
Þ f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 2x + 6
y = cos x Þ f(2) = 8 – 20 + 4 + 6 = –2
3p p dx
Q f(x) is not differentiable at x = - , 77. (b) Q x = 3 tant Þ = 3 sec2t
4 4 dt
dy
ì 3p p ü and y = 3 sect Þ = 3 sect × tant
\ S = í- , ý dt
î 4 4þ
dy dy / dt dy tan t
ì 3p -p 3p p ü Q = \ = = sin t
Þ S Í í- , , , ý dx dx / dt dx sec t
î 4 4 4 4þ
75. (a) Consider the equation, d2y d dt
\ 2 = (sin t) ×
dx dt dx
(2x)2y = 4e2x–2y
Taking log on both sides 1
= cos t ×
3 sec 2 t
2y ln(2x) = ln4 + (2x – 2y) …(1)
3
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, d2y æ pö 1 æ 1 ö
\ ç at t = ø÷ = × èç ÷
1 dy dy dx 2 è 4 3 2ø
2y 2 + 2 ln(2 x ) = 0 + 2 - 2
2x dx dx 1
=
dy 2 y 2x - 2 y 6 2
2 (1 + ln(2 x ) = 2 - = ...(2)
dx x x dx 1 -1
78. (b) Here, = 2cosec –1t log 2.
From (1) and (2), dt
2 2 cosec –1t x x2 - 1
dy 1 æ ln 2 + x ö
(1 + ln 2 x) = 1 - ç dy 1 1
dx x è 1 + ln 2 x ø÷ = 2sec –1t log 2.
dt
2 2 sec –1t x x2 -1
dy æ x + ln 2 ö
Þ (1 + ln 2 x)2 = 1 + ln(2 x) - èç ÷ dy
dx x ø –1t –1t
dy dt – 2cosec 2sec
\ = =
x ln(2 x) - ln 2 dx dx –1t
2cosec
–1t
= 2sec
x dt
3 2
76. (c) Let f(x) = x + ax + bx + c
dy
f '(x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b Þ f '(1) = 3 + 2a + b dy dt 2sec –1t –y
= =– cosec –1t
=
dx dx 2 x
f " (x) = 6x + 2a Þ f "(2) = 12 + 2a dt

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cos x x 1 æ dy ö
Þç ÷ =4 ... (2)
79. (a) f (x) = 2 sin x x 2
2x è dx ø( -2,0)
tan x x 1 Again differentiating equation (1) w. r. t to x, we get
2 2
= cos x (x2 – 2x2) – x (2 sin x – 2x tan x) æ dy ö d2 y æ dy ö d2y
2 + 2 ç ÷ + 2 y 2 – sin y ç ÷ + cos y 2 = 0
+1(2x sin x – x2 tan x) è dx ø dx è dx ø dx
= – x2 cos x – 2x sin x + 2x2 tan x + 2x sin x – x2 tan x
2
= x2 tan x – x2 cos x = x2 (tan x – cos x) æ dy ö d2y
Þ f ¢(x) = 2x (tan x – cos x) + x2 (sec2 x + sin x) Þ 2 + (2 - sin y ) ç ÷ + (2 y + cos y) 2 = 0
è dx ø dx
f ¢ ( x)
\ lim = d2y
2
x ®0 x æ dy ö
Þ (2 y + cos y) = - 2 – (2 – sin y ) ç ÷
dx 2
è dx ø
2x (tan x – cos x) + x2 (sec2 x + sin x)

lim 2
x® 0 x æ dy ö
– 2 – (2 – sin y ) ç ÷
d2y è dx ø
= xlim
®0
(tan x – cos x) + x (sec2 x + sin x) Þ 2 =
dx 2 y + cos y
= 2 (0 – 1) + 0 = – 2
So, at (– 2, 0),
f ¢ (x)
So, lim =–2
x®0 x d2y – 2 – (2 – 0) ´ 42
=
dx 2 2 ´ 0 +1
-1 æ 2 ´ 3x ö
80. (a) Since f (x) = sin çç x ÷
÷
è1+ 9 ø Þ
d2y
=
– 2 – 2 ´ 16
Suppose 3x = tan t dx 2
1
æ 2 tan t ö d2y
Þ f (x) = sin–1 ç 2 ÷
= sin–1 (sin 2t) = 2t Þ = – 34
è 1 + tan t ø dx 2
= 2 tan–1 (3x) æ 6x x ö æ 1ö
2 82. (b) Let F(x) = tan–1 çç 3 ÷÷ where x Î ç 0, ÷ .
So, f ¢ (x) = ´ 3x . log e 3 è 1 - 9x ø è 4ø
1 + (3x ) 2
æ 2.(3x 3/ 2 ) ö
1 = tan–1 çç ÷ –1 3/2
3/ 2 2 ÷ = 2 tan (3x )
æ 1ö è 1 - (3x ) ø
2 -
\ f ¢ç - ÷ = ´3 2 . loge 3
è 2ø æ -1 ö
2
1+ ç3 2 ÷ æ 3ö
As 3x3/2 Î ç 0, ÷
ç ÷ è 8ø
è ø
é 1 3/ 2 1 3ù
=
1
´ 3 ´ log e 3 = 3 ´ loge 3 êQ 0 < x < 4 Þ 0 < x < Þ 0 < 3x 3/ 2 < ú
2 ë 8 8û
81. (a) Given, x2 + y2 + sin y = 4 dF(x) 1 3 9
After differentiating the above equation w. r. t. x we get So =2× 3 × 3 × × x1/2 = x
dx 1 + 9x 2 1 + 9x 3
dy dy On comparing
2x + 2 y + cos y =0 ... (1)
dx dx 9
dy \ g(x) =
Þ 2 x + (2 y + cos y ) =0 1 + 9x 3
dx 83. (d) g (x) = f (f (x))
dy – 2x In the neighbourhood of x = 0,
Þ = f(x) = | log2 – sin x| = (log 2 – sin x)
dx 2 y + cos y
\ g (x) = |log 2 – sin| log 2 – sin x ||
æ dy ö – 2´ – 2
At ( – 2, 0), ç ÷ = = (log 2 – sin(log 2 – sin x))
è dx ø( -2,0) 2 ´ 0 + cos 0
\ g (x) is differentiable
æ dy ö 4 and g'(x) = – cos(log 2 – sin x) (– cos x)
Þç ÷ =
è dx ø( -2,0) 0 + 1 Þ g'(0) = cos (log 2)

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84. (c) f (x) = y = x2 – x + 5 -1

1 1 87. (d) Let x = a sin t
x2 – x + - + 5 = y
4 4 -1
Þ x2 = a sin t
2
æ 1ö 19 Þ 2 log x = sin–1 t . log a
çè x - ÷ø + =y
2 4 2 log a dt
Þ = .
2 x 1 - t 2 dx
æ 1ö 19
çè x - ÷ø = y-
2 4
2 1 - t 2 dt
Þ = ...(1)
1 19 x log a dx
x- = ± y-
2 4
-1
Now, let y = acos t
1 19
x = ± y- Þ 2 log y = cos–1 t. log a
2 4
2 dy - log a dt
1 Þ . = .
As x > y dx
2 1 - t 2 dx
1 19 2 dy - log a 2 1 - t 2
x= + y- . = ´
2 4 Þ (from (1)
y dx 1- t2 x log a
1 19
g(x) = + x- dy y
2 4 Þ =-
dx x
1 2 2
g¢(x) = æ dy ö æ -y ö x2 + y2
2 x-
19 Hence, 1 + ç ÷ = 1 + ç ÷ =
4 è dx ø è x ø x2
1 1 1 x2 - x
g¢(7) = = = 88. (b) Let y =
19 28 - 19 3
x2 + 2 x
2 7- 2
4 2 Þ (x + 2x) y = x2– x
2
æ ö Þ x(x + 2)y = x(x – 1)

85. (a) Let y = sec(tan–1 x) = sec ç sec –1 1 + x 2 ÷ Þ
è ø x[(x + 2)y – (x – 1)] = 0
Q x ¹ 0, \ (x + 2)y – (x – 1) = 0
Þ y = 1 + x2
Þ xy + 2y – x + 1 = 0
1
Þ
dy
= · 2x Þ x(y – 1) = – (2y + 1)
dx 2 1 + x2
At x = 1, 2 y +1 2x + 1
\ x= Þ f –1(x) =
dy 1 1- y 1- x
= .
dx d 2(1 - x) - (2 x + 1)( -1)
2 ( f -1 ( x )) =
x2 y 2 2 x 2 y dy
dx (1 - x) 2
86. (b) + =1 Þ + . =0 2 - 2x + 2 x + 1 3
a 4 a 4 dx = =
(1 - x) 2 (1 - x ) 2
dy - 4 x
Þ = ...(i) æ 2 x + 3ö
dx ay 89. (c) Let f ¢(x) = sin [log x] and y = f ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø
y3 = 16x Þ 3 y 2 .
dy
= 16 Þ
dy 16
= dy æ 2 x + 3 ö d æ 2 x + 3ö
...(ii) = f 'ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø dx çè 3 - 2 x ÷ø
Now, .
dx dx 3 y 2 dx
Since curves intersects at right angles é æ 2 x + 3ö ù éë( 6 - 4 x ) - ( -4 x - 6) ùû
= sin êlog ç ÷ú
\
- 4 x 16 ë è 3 - 2x ø û (3 - 2 x)2
´ = -1 Þ 3ay3 = 64x
ay 3 y 2
12 é æ 2 x + 3ö ù
= .sin ê log ç ÷ú
ë è 3 - 2x ø û
64 x 4
Þ a= = ( 3 - 2 x) 2
3 ´ 16 x 3

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90. (a) Given that g(x) = [f (2 f (x)) + 2]2 y +L¥

93. (c) Given that x = e y + e Þ x = e y+ x .
æ d ö
\ g '( x ) = 2 ( f (2 f ( x) + 2) ) ç ( f (2 f ( x) + 2) ) ÷ Taking log both sides.
è dx ø 1 dy
log x = y + x differentiating both side Þ = +1
= 2 f (2 f ( x) + 2) f '(2 f ( x)) + 2).(2 f '( x)) x dx
dy 1 1- x
Þ g '(0) = 2 f (2 f (0) + 2. f '(2 f (0) + 2) \ = -1 =
dx x x
.2 f '(0) = 4 f (0)( f '(0)) 2 = 4(–1)(1) = – 4
2
94. (b) f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c
91. (d) x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0 f (1) = f (-1)
Þ 2 cot y = xx – x – x
Let u = xx Þ a + b + c = a - b + c or b = 0
1 \ f ( x) = ax 2 + c or f '( x ) = 2ax
Þ 2 cot y = u –
u
Now f '(a ); f '(b ) and f '(c)
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
are 2 a( a ); 2a (b); 2a (c )
dy æ 2 1 ö du
– 2cosec y = ç1 + ÷ i.e. 2a2, 2ab, 2ac.
dx è u 2 ø dx Þ If a, b, c are in A.P. then f '(a); f '(b) and f '(c ) are
Now u = xx Taking log both sides also in A.P.
Þ log u = x log x 95. (c) Given that f (x + y) = f (x) ´ f (y)
Differentiate with respect to x, treating y as constant
1 du
Þ = 1 + log x f ¢ (x + y) = f ¢ (x) f (y)
u dx
Putting x = 0 and y = x, we get f '(x)= f '(0) f (x) ;
du
Þ = x x (1 + log x) Þ f ¢ (5) = 3 f (5) = 3 × 2 = 6.
dx
\ We get 96. (b) Let f : R ® R, with f (0) = f (1) = 0 and f '(0) = 0
dy Q f ( x) is differentiable and continuous and
– 2 cosec2 y = (1 + x -2 x ).x x (1 + log x) f (0) = f (1) = 0.
dx
Þ
dy
=
( )
x x + x - x (1 + log x)
…(i)
Then by Rolle's theorem, f '(c) = 0, c Î (0, 1)
Now again
dx -2(1 + cot 2 y ) Q f '(c ) = 0, f '(0) = 0
Put n = 1 in eqn. x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0, gives Then, again by Rolle's theorem,
1 – 2 cot y – 1 = 0 f ''( x) = 0 for some x Î (0, 1)
Þ cot y = 0
\ Putting x = 1 and cot y = 0 in eqn. (i), we get 97. (c) y 2 + 2log e (cos x) = y ...(i)
(1 + 1) (1 + 0) Þ 2 yy '- 2 tan x = y ' ...(ii)

y ' (1) = = -1 From (i), y(0) = 0 or 1
-2(1 + 0)
\ y '(0) = 0
92. (a) x . y n = ( x + y ) m+ n
m
Again differentiating (ii) we get,
taking log both sides
Þ m ln x + n ln y = (m + n) ln (x + y) 2( y ')2 + 2 yy ''- 2sec 2 x = y ''
Differentiating both sides, we get Put x = 0, y(0) = 0, 1 and y'(0) = 0,
we get, |y'' (0)| = 2.
m n dy m + n æ dy ö
\ + = ç1 + ÷
98. (b) Since, Rolle’s theorem is applicable
x y dx x + y è dx ø \ f(a) = f(b)
æ m m + n ö æ m + n n ö dy f(3) = f(4) Þ a = 12
Þ çè x - x + y ø÷ = çè x + y - y ÷ø dx
x 2 - 12
my - nx æ my - nx ö dy f ¢( x ) =
Þ = x ( x 2 + 12)
x( x + y ) èç y ( x + y ) ø÷ dx
As f ¢(c) = 0 (by Rolle’s theorem)
dy y
Þ = 1
dx x x = ± 12 , \ c = 12 , \ f ¢¢(c) = 12

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dy Þ f ¢¢ ( x ) = 6ax + 2b
99. (c) k .x k -1 + k . y k -1 =0
dx
Þ f ( 3x ) = f ¢ ( x ) f ¢¢ ( x )
k -1
dy æxö Þ
Þ = -ç ÷ 27 a = 18a 2
dx è yø
3
k -1 Þ a= , b = 0, c = 0, d = 0
dy æ x ö 2
Þ +ç ÷ =0
dx è y ø 3 3
Þ f (x) = x ,
2
1
Þ k -1 = - 9
3 f ¢( x ) = x 2 , f ' ( x ) = 9x
2
1 2 Þ f ¢ (2) = 18
Þ k =1- =
3 3 and f ² (2) = 18
100. (b) Since, f (x) is a polynomial function. Þ f ² (b) – f ¢ (b) = 0
\ It is continuous and differentiable in [0, 1]
{ } + {x - }
15 15
2
Here, f (0) = 11, f(1) = 1 – 4 + 8 + 11 = 16 103. (d) y = x + x - 1 x2 -1
f ¢ (x) = 3x2 – 8x + 8
f (1) - f (0) 16 - 11 Differentiate w.r.t. 'x'
\ f ¢(c) = =
1- 0
( )
1 dy 14 é ù
x
= 3c2 – 8c + 8 = 15 x + x 2 - 1 ê1 + ú
dx êë x - 1 úû
2
Þ 3c2 – 8c + 3 = 0
( )
8± 2 7 4± 7 14 æ ö
x
Þ c= = +15 x - x 2 - 1 ç1 - ÷
6 3 è x -1ø
2
4- 7 15
\ c= Î (0,1) Þ
dy
= .y ....(i)
3 dx x2 - 1
101. (b) y1/5 + y–1/5 = 2x
dy
æ 1 -4 5 1 -6 5 ö dy Þ x2 - 1 .
= 15 y
Þ ç5 y - y ÷ dx = 2 dx
è 5 ø Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
Þ (
y¢ y1 5 - y -1 5 = 10 y ) x dy d2y
+ x 2 - 1 2 = 15
.
dy
2
x -1 dx dx dx
Þ y1/5 + y -1/5 = 2x
dy d2y
1/5 -1/5 2 Þ x + ( x2 - 1) 2
Þ y -y = 4x - 4 dx dx
y¢ çæ 2 x 2 - 1 ÷ö = 10 y
15
Þ = 15 x 2 - 1 . . y = 225 y
è ø x2 - 1
104. (b) Conduction for Rolls theorem
y ¢¢ çæ 2 x 2 - 1 ÷ö + y ¢2
2x
Þ = 10 y ¢ f (1) = f (– 1)
è ø 2 x2 - 1
æ 1ö
and f ¢ ç ÷ = 0
Þ y ¢¢ ( x 2 - 1) + xy ¢ = 5 x 2 - 1 ( y ¢) è 2ø
1
Þ y ¢¢( x 2 - 1) + xy ¢ - 25 y = 0 c = –2 and b =
2
l = 1, k = -25 2b + c = – 1
105. (b) Since, f and g both are continuous function on [0, 1]
102. (b) Let f ( x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d
and differentiable on (0, 1) then $ c Î (0,1) such that
Þ f (3x) = 27ax3 + 9bx 2 + 3cx + d f (1) - f (0) 6 - 2
f ¢(c ) = = =4
1 1
Þ f ¢ ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c

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f (a) = f (1) = 2 (1)3 + a (1)2 + b (1) = 2 + a + b

g (1) - g (0) 2 - 0
and g ¢(c ) = = =2 f (b) = f(–1) = 2 (–1)3 + a (–1)2 + b (–1)
1 1
= –2 + a – b
Thus, we get f ¢ ( c ) = 2 g ¢ ( c) f(a) = f(b)
106. (c) Let f (x) = x|x| = x|x|, g(x) = sin x 2+a+b=–2+a–b
and h (x) = gof (x) = g[f (x)] 2b = – 4
ìï sin x 2 , b=–2
x³0
\ h(x) = í (given that c = )
1
ïî - sin x , x<0
2
2
f ¢ (x) = 6x2 + 2ax + b
ïì 2 x cos x , x ³ 0
2
Now, h¢ (x) = í 1
, f ¢ (x) = 0
ïî -2 x cos x , x < 0
2 at x =
2
Since, L.H.L and R.H.L at x = 0 of h¢ (x) is equal to 0 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
therefore h¢ (x) is continuous at x = 0 0 = 6 ç ÷ + 2a ç ÷ + b
è 2ø è 2ø
Now, suppose h¢ (x) is differentiable
3
ïì2(cos x + 2 x ( - sin x ), x ³ 0
2 2 2 +a+b = 0
\ h¢¢(x) = í 2
ïî 2( - cos x + 2 x sin x ), x < 0
2 2 2
3
+a-2 = 0
Since, L.H.L and R.H.L at x = 0 of h¢¢ (x) are different 2
therefore h¢¢ (x) is not continuous.
3 1
Þ h¢¢(x) is not differentiable a=2– =
2 2
Þ our assumption is wrong
Hence h¢(x) is not differentiable at x = 0. 1
2a + b = 2 × –2=1–2=–1
107. (a) Let p1(x) = a1x2 + b1x + c1 2
p2(x) = a2x2 + b2x + c2 109. (d) f (x) = sin (sin x)
and p3(x) = a3x2 + b3x + c3 Þ f ¢(x) = cos (sin x) . cos x
where a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are real numbers. Þ f ²(x) = – sin (sin x) . cos2 x + cos (sin x). (– sin x)
= – cos2 x . sin (sin x) – sin x . cos (sin x)
é a1 x 2 + b1x + c1 2a1x + b1 2a1 ù
ê ú Now f ²(x) + tan x . f ¢(x) + g (x) = 0
\ A(x) = ê a2 x 2 + b2 x + c2 2a2 x + b2 2 a2 ú Þ g(x) = cos2 x . sin (sin x) + sin x . cos (sin x)
ê ú – tan x . cos x . cos (sin x)
ê a3 x 2 + b3 x + c3 2a3 x + b3 2a3 ú
ë û Þ g(x) = cos2 x . sin (sin x).
é a x 2 + b1x + c1 a2 x 2 + b2 x + c2 ax3 x2
a3 x 2 + b3 x + c3 ù 110. (d) Let g(x) = + b. + cx
ê 1 ú 3 2
B(x) = ê 2a1x + b1 2a2 x + b2 2a3 x + b2 ú
ê 2a ú g¢(x) = ax2 + bx + c
2 a2 2a3
ë 1 û Given: ax2 + bx + c = 0 and 2a + 3b + 6c = 0
Statement-2:
é a1x 2 + b1x + c1 2a1x + b1 2a1 ù
ê ú a b 2a + 3b + 6c
(i) g(0) = 0 and g(1) = + +c =
´ ê a2 x 2 + b2 x + c2 2a2 x + b2 2a2 ú 3 2 6
ê ú
ê a3 x 2 + b3 x + c3 2a3 x + b3 2a3 ú 0
ë û = =0
6
It is clear from the above multiplication, the degree of
Þ g(0) = g(1)
determinant of B(x) can not be less than 4.
(ii) g is continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable on (0, 1)
108. (b) f (x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx
let, a = – 1, b = 1 \ By Rolle’s theorem $ k Î(0,1) such that g¢(k) = 0
Given that f (x) satisfy Rolle’s theorem in interval [–1, 1] This holds the statement 2. Also, from statement-2,we can
f (x) must satisfy two conditions. say ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in (0, 1).
(1) f (a) = f (b) Thus statement-1 and 2 both are true and statement-2 is a
(2) f ¢ (c) = 0 (c should be between a and b) correct explanation for statement-1.

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d 2x d æ dx ö d æ dx ö dx = d æ 1 ö dx 114. (a) As f (1) = – 2 & f '( x) ³ 2 " x Î [1, 6]

111. (c) = ç ÷= ç ÷ ç ÷
dy 2 dy è dy ø dx è dy ø dy dx è dy / dx ø dy Applying Lagrange’s mean value theorem
f (6) - f (1)
é æ 1ö ù = f '(c) ³ 2
dç ÷
d2 y 1 ê 1ú
5
1 è xø
=- . 2. êQ =– ú Þ f (6) ³ 10 + f (1)
æ dy ö dx dy ê x2 ú
2 dx
ç ÷ dx êë úû Þ f (6) ³ 10 – 2 Þ f (6) ³ 8.
è dx ø
115. (b) Let f (x) = an x n + an -1 x n -1 + ...... + a1 x = 0
2
1 d y
=– The other given equation,
3 2
æ dy ö dx
ç ÷ nan x n -1 + (n – 1) an -1 x n - 2 + ....+ a1 = 0 = f ¢(x)
è dx ø
112. (b) Given that f (x) = x | x | and g (x) = sin x Given a1 ¹ 0 Þ f (0) = 0
So that
go f (x) = g ( f (x)) = g (x | x | ) = sin x | x | Again f (x) has root a, Þ f (a ) = 0
\ f (0) = f (a)
ì 2
ïìsin (– x ), if x < 0 ïí – sin x , if x < 0 \ By Rolle’s theorem f ¢(x) = 0 has root between (0, a)
2
= í = 2
2
ïîsin ( x ), if x ³ 0 îï sin x , if x ³ 0 Hence f ¢ ( x ) has a positive root smaller than a.
116. (d) Let us define a function
ïì – 2 x cos x , if x < 0
2
\ (go f )¢ (x) = í ax3 bx 2
2
ïî 2 x cos x , if x ³ 0 f ( x) = + + cx
3 2
Here we observe Being polynomial, it is continuous and differentiable, also,
L (go f )¢ (0) = 0 = R (go f )¢ (0)
a b
Þ go f is differentiable at x = 0 f (0) = 0 and f (1) = + +c
and (go f )¢ is continuous at x = 0 3 2
2 a + 3b + 6c
ïì – 2 cos x + 4 x sin x , x < 0 Þ f (1) = = 0 (given)
2 2 2
Now (go f )'' (x) = í 6
ïî 2 cos x - 4 x sin x , x ³ 0
2 2 2
\ f (0) = f (1)
Here \ f (x) satisfies all conditions of Rolle’s theorem therefore
L(go f )'' (0) = – 2 and R (go f )'' (0) = 2 f ¢(x) = 0 has a root in (0, 1)
Q L(go f)'' (0) ¹ R (go f )'' (0)
Þ go f (x) is not twice differentiable at x = 0. i.e. ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has at lease one root in (0, 1)
\ Statement - 1 is true but statement -2 is false. 117. (d) Given that f ( x ) = x n Þ f (1) = 1
113. (c) Using Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem
Let f (x) be a function defined on [a, b] f ' ( x ) = nx n -1 Þ f ' (1) = n
f (b ) - f ( a ) f '' ( x ) = n ( n - 1) x n - 2 Þ f '' (1) = n ( n - 1)

then, f '(c) = ....(i)
b-a
........................................................
c Î [a, b]
f n ( x ) = n ! Þ f n (1) = n !
1
\ Given f (x) = logex \ f ' (x) =
x
f '(1) f "(1) f "'(1) ( -1) n f n (1)
\ equation (i) become f (1) - + - + ... +
1! 2! 3! n!
1 f (3) - f (1)
= n n ( n - 1) n ( n - 1)( n - 2) n n!
c 3-1 =1- + - + ¼+ ( -1)
1! 2! 3! n!
1 log e 3 - log e 1 log e 3
Þ = =
= nC0 - nC1 + n C2 - n C3 + ¼+ ( -1)
n n
c 2 2 Cn
2
Þ c= = (1 – 1)n = 0
loge 3 Þ c = 2 log3e

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M-338 Mathematics
f (a) g ¢ ( x ) - g (a ) f ¢ ( x ) dy
118. (b) lim =4 Þ 1 + x 2 y1 = ny (Q y1 = ) Squaring both sides,
x® a g ¢( x ) - f ¢ ( x ) dx
(By Applying L’ Hospital rule) we get (1 + x 2 ) y12 = n2 y 2
k g ¢ ( x) - k f ¢ ( x)
lim =4 \ k = 4. Differentiating it w.r. to x,
x® a g ¢ ( x) - f ¢ ( x)
(1 + x 2 )2 y1 y2 + y12 .2 x = n 2 .2 yy 1
119. (a) Given that y = ( x + 1 + x ) 2 n
...(i) Þ (1 + x2)y2 + xy1 = n2y
Differentiating both sides w.r. to x
ax3 bx 2
dy æ 1 ö 120. (a) Let f (x) = + + cx
= n( x + 1 + x 2 )n -1 ç 1 + (1 + x 2 ) -1/2 . 2 x ÷ 3 2
dx è 2 ø
Þ f (0) = 0 and
2
dy ( 1 + x + x)
= n( x + 1 + x 2 ) n -1 a b 2a + 3b + 6c
dx f (1) = + +c = =0
1 + x2 3 2 6
Also f (x) is continuous and differentiable in [0, 1] and [0,
n( 1 + x 2 + x ) n
= 1[. So by Rolle’s theorem, f ¢ (x) = 0.
1 + x2
i.e ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in
dy [0, 1].
or 1 + x2 = ny [from (i)]
dx

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21
Applications
of Derivatives
5. A 2 m ladder leans against a vertical wall. If the top of the

ladder begins to slide down the wall at the rate 25 cm/sec.,
TOPIC Ć Rate of Change of Quantities then the rate (in cm/sec.) at which the bottom of the ladder
slides away from the wall on the horiontal ground when
1. The position of a moving car at time t is given by the top of the ladder is 1 m above the ground is:
f (t) = at2 + bt + c, t > 0, where a, b and c are real numbers greater [April 12, 2019 (I)]
than 1. Then the average speed of the car over the time interval
25
[t1, t2] is attained at the point : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (a) 25 3 (b)
3
(a) (t2 – t1)/2 (b) a(t2 – t1) + b
(c) (t1 + t2)/2 (d) 2a(t1 + t2) + b 25
(c) (d) 25
2. If the surface area of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3.6 3
cm2/sec, retaining its shape; then the rate of change of its 6. A spherical iron ball of radius 10 cm is coated with a layer of
ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 cm3/min.
volume (in cm3/sec.), when the length of a side of the cube
When the thickness of the ice is 5 cm, then the rate at
is 10 cm, is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
which the thickness (in cm/min) of the ice decreases, is :
(a) 18 (b) 10 [April 10, 2019 (II)]
(c) 20 (d) 9
3. If a function f (x) defined by [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 1 1
(a) (b)
18p 36p
ìae x + be - x , - 1 £ x < 1
ïï 2 5 1
f ( x) = í cx , 1 £ x £ 3 be continuous for some (c) (d)
ï 2 6p 9p
ïî ax + 2cx , 3 < x £ 4 7. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular
a, b, c Î R and f '(0) + f '(2) = e, then the value of a is : cone, whose semi-vertical angle is tan –1 . Water is poured
into it at a constant rate of 5 cubic meter per minute. Then
1 e the rate (in m/min.), at which the level of water is rising at
(a) (b)
e 2 - 3e + 13 e 2 - 3e - 13 the instant when the depth of water in the tank is 10m; is:
[April 09, 2019 (II)]
e e (a) 1/15 p (b) 1/10 p
(c) (d) (d) 1/5 p
e + 3e + 13
2
e - 3e + 13
2 (c) 2/p
8. If the volume of a spherical ball is increasing at the rate of
4. A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius is coated with a layer 4p cc/sec, then the rate of increase of its radius (in cm/sec),
of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 cm3/
when the volume is 288 p cc, [Online April 19, 2014]
min. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate (in
cm/min.) at which of the thickness of ice decreases, is: 1 1
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) (b)
6 9
5 1
(a) (b) 1 1
6p 54p
(c) (d)
1 1 36 24
(c) (d)
36p 18p

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M-340 Mathematics
9. Two ships A and B are sailing straight away from a fixed 16. If a circular iron sheet of radius 30 cm is heated such that
point O along routes such that ÐAOB is always 120 . At a its area increases at the uniform rate of 6p cm2/hr, then the
certain instance, OA = 8 km, OB = 6 km and the ship A is rate (in mm/hr) at which the radius of the circular sheet
sailing at the rate of 20 km/hr while the ship B sailing at the increases is [Online May 7, 2012]
rate of 30 km/hr. Then the distance between A and B is (a) 1.0 (b) 0.1
changing at the rate (in km/hr): [Online April 11, 2014] (c) 1.1 (d) 2.0
17. Two points A and B move from rest along a straight line
260 260
(a) (b) with constant acceleration f and f ' respectively. If A takes
37 37 m sec. more than B and describes ‘n’units more than B in
acquiring the same speed then [2005]
80 80
(c) (d) (a) ( f - f ')m2 = ff ' n
37 37
10. A spherical balloon is being inflated at the rate of 35cc/ (b) ( f + f ')m2 = ff ' n
min. The rate of increase in the surface area (in cm 2/min.)
of the balloon when its diameter is 14 cm, is : 1
(c) ( f + f ')m = ff ' n 2
(a) 10 (b) 10 1
(d) ( f '- f )n = ff ' m2
(c) 100 (d) 10 10 2
18. A liard, at an initial distance of 21 cm behind an insect,
11. If the surface area of a sphere of radius r is increasing
uniformly at the rate 8 cm2/s, then the rate of change of its moves from rest with an acceleration of 2 cm / s 2 and
volume is : [Online April 9, 2013] pursues the insect which is crawling uniformly along a
(a) constant (b) proportional to r straight line at a speed of 20 cm/s. Then the liard will
catch the insect after [2005]
(c) proportional to r2 (d) proportional to r
(a) 20 s (b) 1 s
12. A spherical balloon is filled with 4500p cubic meters of
(c) 21 s (d) 24 s
helium gas. If a leak in the balloon causes the gas to escape
19. A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer
at the rate of 72p cubic meters per minute, then the rate (in
meters per minute) at which the radius of the balloon of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 cm 3 /min.
decreases 49 minutes after the leakage began is: When the thickness of ice is 5 cm,then the rate at which
9 7 the thickness of ice decreases is [2005]
(a) (b) [2012]
7 9 1 1
2 9 (a) cm/min. (b) cm/min.
(c) (d) 36 p 18 p
9 2
1 5
13. If a metallic circular plate of radius 50 cm is heated so that (c) cm/min. (d) cm/min
its radius increases at the rate of 1 mm per hour, then the 54 p 6p
rate at which, the area of the plate increases (in cm 2/hour) 20. A point on the parabola y 2 = 18x at which the ordinate
is [Online May 26, 2012]
increases at twice the rate of the abscissa is [2004]
(a) 5 p (b) 10 p
(c) 100 p (d) 50 p æ9 9ö
(a) ç 8 , 2 ÷ (b) (2, - 4)
14. The weight W of a certain stock of fish is given by W = nw, è ø
where n is the sie of stock and w is the average weight of æ -9 9ö
a fish. If n and w change with time t as n = 2t2 + 3 and (c) ç 8 , 2 ÷ (d) (2, 4)
è ø
w = t2 – t + 2, then the rate of change of W with respect to
t at t = 1 is [Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 1 (b) 8 TOPIC n Increasing & Decreasing Functions
(c) 13 (d) 5
15. Consider a rectangle whose length is increasing at the 21. The function, f ( x) = (3x - 7) x 2 / 3 , x Î R, is increasing
uniform rate of 2 m/sec, breadth is decreasing at the uniform
for all x lying in : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
rate of 3 m/sec and the area is decreasing at the uniform
rate of 5 m2/sec. If after some time the breadth of the æ3 ö
(a) (-¥, 0) È æç , ¥ ö÷
14
rectangle is 2 m then the length of the rectangle is (b) (-¥, 0) È ç , ¥ ÷
è 15 ø è7 ø
(a) 2 m (b) 4 m æ 14 ö æ 14 ö
(c) ç -¥, ÷ (d) ç -¥, - ÷ È (0, ¥)
(c) 1 m (d) 3 m è 15 ø è 15 ø

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Applications of Derivatives M-341
22. Let f be any function continuous on [a, b] and twice

differentiable on (a, b). If for all x Î (a, b), f 2 (x) > 0 and x d-x
28. Let f ( x ) = - , x Î R where a, b
b + (d - x)
2 2 2
f (c ) - f ( a ) a +x 2
f ²(x) < 0, then for any c Î (a, b), is greater
f (b) - f ( c )
and d are non-ero real constants. Then :
than: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
b+ a (a) f is an increasing function of x
(a) (b) 1
b-a (b) f is a decreasing function of x
(c) f ¢ is not a continuous function of x
b-c c-a
(c) (d) (d) f is neither increasing nor decreasing function of x
c-a b-c
29. The function f defined by
é p pù f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 5x + 7, is : [Online April 9, 2017]
Let f(x) = x cos–1 (–sin |x|), x Î ê - , ú , then which of the
23. (a) increasing in R.

ë 2 2û (b) decreasing in R.
following is true? [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] (c) decreasing in (0, ¥) and increasing in (– ¥ , 0).
æ p ö æ pö (d) increasing in (0, ¥) and decreasing in (– ¥, 0).
(a) f ’ is increasing in èç - ,0ø÷ and decreasing in çè 0, ÷ø 30. Let f(x) = sin4x + cos4x. Then f is an increasing function in
2 2
the interval :
p
(b) f’ (0) = – ù 5p 3p ù ù p 5p ù
2 (a) ú , ú (b) ú , ú
(c) f ’ is not differentiable at x = 0 û 8 4û û2 8 û
æ p ö æ pö ùp pù ù pù
(d) f ’ is decreasing in èç - ,0ø÷ and increasing in çè 0, ÷ø (c) ú , ú (d) ú 0, ú
2 2 û 4 2û û 4û
24. Let f(x) = ex – x and g(x) = x2 – x, x Î R. Then the set of all 31. Let f and g be two differentiable functions on R such that
x Î R, where the function h(x) = (fog) (x) is increasing, is : f ¢(x) > 0 and g¢(x) < 0 for all x Î R . Then for all x:
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
é -1ù é 1 ö é 1ù
(a) ê -1, ú È ê , ¥ ÷ (b) ê 0, ú È [1, ¥ ) (a) f (g (x)) > f (g (x – 1)) (b) f (g (x)) > f (g (x + 1))
ë 2 û ë2 ø ë 2û (c) g(f (x)) > g (f (x – 1)) (d) g(f (x)) < g (f (x + 1))
é -1 ù 32. The real number k for which the equation, 2x3 + 3x + k = 0
(c) [0,¥ ) (d) ê ,0ú È [1, ¥ ) has two distinct real roots in [0, 1] [2013]
ë2 û
(a) lies between 1 and 2
25. If the function f : R – {1, –1} ® A defin ed by
(b) lies between 2 and 3
x2 (c) lies between .1 and 0
f(x) = , is surective, then A is equal to:
1 - x2 (d) does not exist.
[April 09, 2019 (I)] 33. Statement-1: The function x2 (ex + e–x) is increasing for
(a) R – {–1} (b) [0, 벜) all x > 0.
(c) R – [–1, 0) (d) R – (–1, 0) Statement-2: The functions x2ex and x2e–x are increasing
26. Let f: [0 : 2] ® R be a twice differentiable function such for all x > 0 and the sum of two increasing functions in any
that f''(x) > 0, for all xÎ(0, 2). If f(x) = f(x) + f(2 – x), then f is : interval (a, b) is an increasing function in (a, b).
[April 08, 2019 (I)] [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) increasing on (0, 1) and decreasing on (1, 2). (a) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(b) decreasing on (0, 2) (b) Statement-1is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
(c) decreasing on (0, 1) and increasing on (1, 2). not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(d) increasing on (0, 2) (c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
27. If the function f given by (d) Statement-1is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
f (x) = x3 – 3(a – 2)x2 + 3ax + 7, for some aÎR is increasing a correct explanation for statement-1.
in (0, 1] and decreasing in [1, 5), then a root of the equation, 34. Statement-1: The equation x log x = 2 – x is satisfied by at
least one value of x lying between 1 and 2.
f ( x ) - 14
= 0( x ¹ 1) is [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] Statement-2: The function f (x) = x log x is an increasing
( x - 1) 2 function in [l, 2] and g (x) = 2 – x is a decreasing function in
(a) –7 (b) 5 [1, 2] and the graphs represented by these functions
(c) 7 (d) 6 intersect at a point in [1, 2] [Online April 9, 2013]

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M-342 Mathematics
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 41. Which of the following points lies on the tangent to the
is a correct explanation for Statement-1. curve x4 e y + 2 y + 1 = 3 at the point (1, 0)?
is not correct explanation for Statement-1. [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. (a) (2, 2) (b) (2, 6)
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (c) (– 2, 6) (d) (– 2, 4)
35. If f(x) = xex(1 – x), x Î R , then f(x) is 42. If the lines x + y = a and x – y = b touch the curve
[Online May 12, 2012] y = x2 – 3x + 2 at the points where the curve intersects the
(a) decreasing on [–1/2, 1] a
(b) decreasing on R x-axis, then is equal to _____. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
b
(c) increasing on [–1/2, 1] 43. If the tangent to the curve, y = ex at a point (c, ec) and the
(d) increasing on R normal to the parabola, y2 = 4x at the point (1, 2) intersect
36. For real x, let f (x) = x3 + 5x + 1, then [2009] at the same point on the x-axis, then the value of c is
(a) f is onto R but not one-one ____________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
(b) f is one-one and onto R
6
-1 ì 3 ü
(c) f is neither one-one nor onto R
å k cos
4 dy
(d) f is one-one but not onto R 44. If y = í cos kx - sin kx ý, then at x = 0 is
k =1 î5 5 þ dx
37. How many real solutions does the equation
x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x – 560 = 0 have? [2008] ___________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
(a) 7 (b) 1 45. Let the normal at a point P on the curve y2 – 3x2 + y + 10 = 0
(c) 3 (d) 5
38. The function f (x) = tan –1(sin x + cos x) is an increasing æ 3ö
intersect the y-axis at ç 0, ÷ . If m is the slope of the
function in [2007] è 2ø
tangent at P to the curve, then |m| is equal to ______.
p æ p pö
(a) æç 0, ö÷ (b) ç - , ÷ [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
è 2ø è 2 2ø
46. The length of the perpendicular from the origin, on the
p p
(c) æç p , p ö÷ (d) æç - , ö÷
normal to the curve, x 2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0 at the point (2, 2)
è 4 2ø è 2 4ø is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
39. A function is matched below against an interval where it is (a) 2 (b) 4 2
supposed to be increasing. Which of the following pairs is (c) 2 (d) 2 2
incorrectly matched? [2005]
( )
Interval Function x
47. If the tangent to the curve y = , x Î R, x ¹ ± 3 ,
(a) (– ¥ , ¥ ) 3 2
x - 3x + 3x + 3 x2 - 3
at a point (a, b) (0, 0) on it is parallel to the line
(b) [2, ¥ ) 2 x3 - 3 x 2 - 12 x + 6 2x + 6y – 11 = 0, then : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
æ 1ù (a) |6a + 2b| = 19 (b) |6a + 2b| = 9
(c) ç - ¥, ú 3x 2 - 2 x + 1
è 3û (c) |2a + 6b| = 19 (d) |2a + 6b| = 11
48. If the tangent to the curve, y = x3 + ax – b at the point
(d) (– ¥ , – 4) x3 + 6 x 2 + 6 (1, –5) is perpendicular to the line, – x + y + 4 = 0, then
which one of the following points lies on the curve?
[April 09, 2019 (I)]
TOPIC Đ Tangents & Normals
(a) (–2, 1) (b) (–2, 2)
(c) (2, –1) (d) (2, –2)
40. If the tangent to the curve, y = f (x) = xlogex, (x > 0) at a 49. Let S be the set of all values of x for which the tangent to
point (c, f(c)) is parallel to the line segement oining the the curve y = f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x at (x, y) is parallel to the line
points (1, 0) and (e, e), then c is equal to: segment oining the points (1, f(1)) and (– 1, f(– 1)), then S
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
æ 1 ö ì1 ü
(b) ìí– , –1üý
1
e -1 ç ÷ (a) í ,1ý
(a) (b) eè e-1 ø î3 þ î 3 þ
e
æ 1 ö
ç ÷
ì1 ü ì 1 ü
e (c) í , –1ý (d) í– ,1ý
(c) eè 1-e ø (d) î3 þ î 3 þ
e -1

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50. The tangent and the normal lines at the point ( 3 , 1) to

5 1 7
the circle x2 + y2 = 4 and the x-axis form a triangle. The area (a) (b)
of this triangle (in square units) is : [April 08, 2019 (II)] 6 3 3
4 1
(a) (b) 1 7 1
3 3 (c) (d)
6 3 2
2 1 56. If q denotes the acute angle between the curves,
(c) (d)
3 3 y = 10 – x2 and y = 2 + x2 at a point of their intersection,
51. The maximum area (in sq. units) of a rectangle having its then |tan q| is equal to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)]
base on the x-axis and its other two vertices on the parabola, 4 8
(a) (b)
y = 12 – x2 such that the rectangle lies inside the parabola, 9 15
is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] 7 8

(c) (d)
(a) 36 (b) 20 2 17 17
(c) 32 (d) 18 3 57. If the curves y2 = 6x,9x 2 + by 2 = 16 intersect each other
52. The tangent to the curve y = x2 – 5x + 5, parallel to the line at right angles, then the value of b is : [2018]
2y = 4x + 1, also passes through the point : 7
(a) (b) 4
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] 2
æ7 1ö æ1 ö 9
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , -7 ÷ (c) (d) 6
è2 4ø è8 ø 2
58. Let P be a point on the parabola,x2 = 4y. If the distance of
æ 1 ö æ1 7ö P from the centre of the circle, x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 = 0 is
(c) ç - , 7 ÷ (d) ç , ÷ minimum, then the equation of the tangent to the parabola
è 8 ø è4 2ø at P, is [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) x + 4y – 2 = 0 (b) x + 2y = 0
æ3 ö (c) x + y + 1 = 0 (d) x – y + 3 = 0
53. The shortest distance between the point ç , 0 ÷ and the
è2 ø 59. If the tangents drawn to the hyperbola 4y2 = x2 + 1 intersect
the co-ordinate axes at the distinct points A and B, then
curve y = x , ( x > 0), is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
the locus of the mid point of AB is[Online April 15, 2018]
(a) x2 – 4y2 + 16 x2 y2 = 0
5 3 (b) 4x2 – y2 + 16 x2 y2 = 0
(a) (b)
2 2 (c) 4x2 – y2 – 16 x2 y2 = 0
3 5 (d) x2 – 4y2 – 16 x2 y2 = 0
(c) (d) 60. If b is one of the angles between the normals to the ellipse,
2 4
x 2 + 3y 2 = 9 at the points (3cosq, 3 sin q) and
x2
54. The tangent to the curve, y = xe passing through the æ pö 2 cot b
(– 3sin q, 3 cos q); Î ç 0, ÷ ; then is equal to
point (1, e) also passes through the point: è 2ø sin 2q
æ4 ö 2
(a) (2, 3e) (b) ç , 2e ÷ (a) 2 (b)
è3 ø 3
1 3
æ5 ö (c) (d)
(c) ç , 2e ÷ (d) (3, 6e) 3 4
è 3 ø 61. A normal to the hyperbola, 4x2 – 9y2 = 36 meets the co-
55. A helicopter is flyin g along the curve given by ordinate axes x and y at A and B, respectively. If the
parallelogram OABP (O being the origin) is formed, then
æ1 ö the locus of P is [Online April 15, 2018]
y – x3/2 = 7, (x ³ 0). A soldier positioned at the point ç , 7 ÷ (a) 4x2 – 9y2 = 121
è2 ø
(b) 4x2 + 9y2 = 121
wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to (c) 9x2 – 4y2 = 169
him. Then this nearest distance is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] (d) 9x2 + 4y2 = 169

EBD_8344
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M-344 Mathematics
62. The normal to the curve y(x – 2)(x – 3) = x + 6 at the point 68. If the tangent at a point P, with parameter t, on the curve
where the curve intersects the y-axis passes through the x = 4t2 + 3, y = 8t3 – 1, t Î R, meets the curve again at a
point: [2017] point Q, then the coordinates of Q are :
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö
(a) çè , ÷ø (b) ç - , - ÷ (a) (16t2 + 3, –64t3 – 1) (b) (4t2 + 3, –8t3 – 2)
2 3 è 2 2ø
(c) (t2 + 3, t3 – 1) (d) (t2 + 3, – t3 – 1)
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö
(c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , - ÷ 69. The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0, at (1, 1) [2015]
è 2 2ø è 2 3ø (a) meets the curve again in the third quadrant.
63. The eccentricity of an ellipse whose centre is at the (b) meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant.
1 (c) does not meet the curve again.
origin is . If one of its directices is x = – 4, then the (d) meets the curve again in the second quadrant.
2
70. The equation of a normal to the curve,
æ 3ö
equation of the normal to it at ç1, ÷ is : [2017] æp ö

è 2ø sin y = x sin ç + y ÷ at x = 0, is :
(a) x + 2y = 4 (b) 2y – x = 2 è3 ø
(c) 4x – 2y = 1 (d) 4x + 2y = 7
64. A tangent to the curve, y = f (x) at P(x, y) meets x-axis at A (a) 2x – 3y = 0 (b) 2x + 3y = 0
and y-axis at B. If AP : BP = 1 : 3 and f (a) = 1 , then the curve
(c) 2y – 3x = 0 (d) 2y + 3x = 0
also passes through the point : [Online April 9, 2017]
æ1 ö 71. If the tangent to the conic, y – 6 = x2 at (2, 10) touches the
æ1 ö
(a) ç , 24 ÷ (b) ç , 4 ÷ circle, x2 + y2 + 8x – 2y = k (for some fixed k) at a point
è3 ø è2 ø
(a, b) ; then (a, b) is : [Online April 10, 2015]
æ 1ö æ 1 ö æ 7 6ö æ 4 1ö
(c) ç 2, ÷ (d) ç 3, ÷ (a) çè - , ÷ø (b) çè - , ÷ø
è 8ø è 28 ø 17 17 17 17
65. The tangent at the point (2, –2) to the curve,
æ 6 10 ö æ 8 2ö
x2y2 – 2x = 4 (1–y) does not pass through the point : (c) çè - , ÷ø (d) çè - , ÷ø
17 17 17 17
72. The distance, from the origin, of the normal to the curve,
æ 1ö
(a) ç 4, ÷ (b) (8, 5) p
è 3ø x = 2 cost + 2t sint, y = 2 sint – 2t cost at t = , is :
4
(c) (– 4, – 9) (d) (– 2, – 7) [Online April 10, 2015]
(a) 2 (b) 4
66. Consider
(c) 2 (d) 2 2
æ 1 + sin x ö æ pö For the curve y = 3 sinq cosq, x = eq sin q, 0 £ q £ p, the
f ( x ) = tan -1 ç ÷÷ , x Î ç 0, ÷ .
73.
ç 1 - sin x è 2ø
[2016] tangent is parallel to x-axis when q is:
è ø
p
A normal to y = f(x) at x = also passes through the point: 3p p
6 (a) (b)
4 2
æp ö æp ö
(a) ç , 0 ÷ (b) ç , 0 ÷ p p
è6 ø è4 ø (c) (d)
4 6
æ 2p ö 74. If an equation of a tangent to th e curve,
(c) (0, 0) (d) ç 0, ÷
è 3 ø y – cos(x + f), – 1 -1 £ x £ 1 + p, is x + 2y = k then k is equal
3 to : [Online April 25, 2013]
67. Let C be a curve given by y(x) = 1 + 4x - 3, x >
. If P is (a) l (b) 2
4
2 p p
a point on C, such that the tangent at P has slope , then (c) (d)
3 4 2
a point through which the normal at P passes, is : 75. The equation of the normal to the parabola,
[Online April 10, 2016] x2 = 8y at x = 4 is [Online May 19, 2012]
(a) (1, 7) (b) (3, –4) (a) x + 2y = 0 (b) x + y = 2
(c) (4, –3) (d) (2, 3) (c) x – 2y = 0 (d) x + y = 6

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4 83. The set of all real values of l for which the function
76. The equation of the tangent to the curve y = x + 2 , that æ p pö
x f ( x) = (1 - cos2 x ).(l + sin x) , x Î ç - , ÷ , has exactly
one maxima and exactly minima, is: è
2 2ø
is parallel to the x-axis, is [2010]
(a) y = 1 (b) y = 2 [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(c) y = 3 (d) y = 0
æ 1 1ö æ 3 3ö
77. Angle between the tangents to the curve y = x 2 - 5 x + 6 (a) ç - , ÷ - {0} (b) ç - , ÷
è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
at the points (2, 0) and (3, 0) is [2006]
p æ 1 1ö æ 3 3ö
(a) p (b) (c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç - , ÷ - {0}
2 è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
p p 84. If x = 1 is a critical point of the function
(c) (d)
6 4
f ( x) = (3x 2 + ax - 2 - a)e x , then : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]

78. The normal to the curve [2005]
x = a (cos q + q sin q ), y = a (sin q – q cos q ) at any 2
point q is such that (a) x = 1 and x = - are local minima of f.
3
(a) it passes through the origin
2
p (b) x = 1 and x = - are local maxima of f.
(b) it makes an angle + q with the x- axis 3
2
2
æ p ö (c) x = 1 is a local maxima and x = - is a local minima of f.
(c) it passes through ç a , - a÷ 3
è 2 ø
(d) It is at a constant distance from the origin 2
(d) x = 1 is a local minima and x = - is a local maxima of f.
79. The normal to the curve x = a(1 + cos q), y = a sinq at ‘q’ 3
always passes through the fixed point [2004] 85. The area (in sq. units) of the largest rectangle ABCD whose
(a) (a, a) (b) (0, a) vertices A and B lie on the x-axis and vertices C and D lie
(c) (0, 0) (d) (a, 0) on the parabola, y = x2 – 1 below the x-axis, is :
80. A function y = f ( x ) has a second order derivative [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
f "( x) = 6( x - 1). If its graph passes through the point 2 1
(a) (b)
(2,1) and at that point the tangent to the graph is y = 3x – 3 3 3 3
5, then the function is [2004]
4 4
(a) ( x + 1)2 (b) ( x - 1)3 (c) (d)
3 3 3
(c) ( x + 1)3 (d) ( x - 1)2 86. Suppose f(x) is a polynomial of degree four, having critical
points at –1, 0, 1. If T = {x Î R | f ( x ) = f (0)}, then the
TOPIC Ė Approximations, Maxima & Minima sum of squares of all the elements of T is :
[Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
81. Let m and M be respectively the minimum and maximum (a) 4 (b) 6
values of [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (c) 2 (d) 8
87. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that f(–1) = 10,
cos 2 x 1 + sin 2 x sin 2 x
f(1)= –6, f(x) has a critical point at x = –1 and f ¢(x) has a
1 + cos 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x critical point at x = 1. Then f(x) has a local minima at
2 2 x = ________. [NA Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
cos x sin x 1 + sin 2 x
88. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 5 such that x = ±1 are its
Then the ordered pair (m, M) is equal to : critical points. If = 4, then which one of the following is
(a) (– 3, 3) (b) (– 3, – 1) not true ? [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
(c) (– 4, – 1) (d) (1, 3) (a) f is an odd function.
82. Let AD and BC be two vertical poles at A and B respectively (b) f(l) – 4f(–l) = 4.
on a horiontal ground. If AD = 8 m, BC = 11 m and AB = 10 (c) x = 1 is a point of maxima and x = –1 is a point of
m; then the distance (in meters) of a point M on AB from minima of f.
the point A such that MD2 + MC2 is minimum is ______. (d) x = 1 is a point of minima and x = –1 is a point of
[NA Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] maxima of f.

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M-346 Mathematics
89. If m is the minimum value of k for which the function 96. Let x, y be positive real numbers and m, n positive integers.
f ( x ) = x kx - x 2 is increasing in the interval [0,3] and M xm y n

The maximum value of the expression
is the maximum value of f in [0,3] when k = m, then the
ordered pair (m, M) is equal to : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(1 + x2m )(1 + y2n )
(a) (4,3 2) (b) (4,3 3) is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
1
(c) (3,3 3) (d) (5,3 6) (a) 1 (b)
2
90. Let a1, a2, a3, …. be an A. P. with a6 = 2. Then the common 1 m+n
difference of this A.P., which maximises the product a1 a 4 (c) (d)
4 6mn
a 5, is : [April 10, 2019 (II)] 97. The maximum volume (in cu.m) of the right circular cone
3 8 having slant height 3 m is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)]
(a) (b)
2 5 (a) 6 p (b) 3 3 p
6 2 4
(c)
5
(d)
3 (c) p (d) 2 3 p
3
91. If S1 and S2 are respectively the sets of local minimum and
1 1
local maximum points of the function, 98. Let f (x) = x 2 +
2
and g(x) = x - , x Î R - {-1,0,1} .
f(x) = 9x4 + 12x3 – 36x2 + 25, xÎR, then : x x
[April 08, 2019 (I)] f (x)
If h(x) = , then the local minimum value of h(x) is :
(a) S1 = {–2}; S2 = {0, 1} (b) S1 = {–2, 0}; S2 = {1} g(x)
(c) S1 = {–2, 1}; S2 = {0} (d) S1 = {–1}; S2 = {0, 2} [2018]
92. The height of a right circular cylinder of maximum volume (a) – 3 (b) -2 2
inscribed in a sphere of radius 3 is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(c) 2 2 (d) 3
2 99. Let M and m be respectively the absolute maximum and
(a) 6 (b) 3
3 the absolute minimum values of the function,
(c) 2 3 (d) 3 f (x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 5 in the interval [0, 3]. Then
M – m is equal to [Online April 16, 2018]
æ pö (a) 1 (b) 5
93. The maximum value of 3cos q + 5sin ç q - ÷ for any real (c) 4 (d) 9
è 6ø
value of q is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] 100. If a right circularcone having maximum volume, is inscribed
in a sphere of radius 3 cm, then the curved surface area
79 (in cm2) of this cone is [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) 19 (b)
2 (a) 8 3p (b) 6 2p
(c) 34 (d) 31 (c) 6 3p (d) 8 2p
94. Let P(4, –4) and Q(9, 6) be two points on the parabola, 101. Twenty metres of wire is available for fencing off a flower-
bed in the form of a circular sector. Then the maximum area
y2 = 4x and let this X be any point arc POQ of this
(in sq. m) of the flower-bed, is : [2017]
parabola, where O is vertex of the parabola, such that (a) 30 (b) 12.5
the area of DPXQ is maximum. Then this minimum area (c) 10 (d) 25
(in sq. units) is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] 102. A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are bent
respectively to form a square of side = x units and a circle
75 125
(a) (b) of radius = r units. If the sum of the areas of the square and
2 4 the circle so formed is minimum, then: [2016]
625 125 (a) x = 2r (b) 2x = r
(c) (d) (c) 2x = (p+ 4)r (d) (4– p) x= pr
4 2
103. The minimum distance of a point on the curve y = x2 – 4
95. The maximum value of the function f(x) = 3x3 – 18x2 + 27 x – 40 from the origin is : [Online April 9, 2016]
{ 2
on the set S = x Î R : x + 30 £ 11x is : } (a)
15
(b)
19
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] 2 2
(a) – 122 (b) – 222 15 19
(c) 122 (d) 222 (c) (d)
2 2

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104. Let k and K be the minimum and the maximum values of 111. Let a, b Î R be such that the function f given by
f (x) = ln | x | + bx2 + ax, x ¹ 0 has extreme values at x = –1
(1 + x )0.6 and x = 2
the function f(x) = in [0, 1] respectively, then
1 + x 0.6 Statement-1 : f has local maximum at x = –1 and at x = 2.
the ordered pair (k, K) is equal to : 1 -1
Statement-2 : a = and b = [2012]
[Online April 11, 2015] 2 4
(a) (2–0.4, 1) (b) (2–0.4, 20.6) (a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(c) (2–0.6, 1) (d) (1, 20.6) (b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
105. From the top of a 64 metres high tower, a stone is thrown a correct explanation for Statement-1.
upwards vertically with the velocity of 48 m/s. The (c) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
greatest height (in metres) attained by the stone, not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(d) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
assuming the value of the gravitational acceleration g =
112. A line is drawn through the point (1,2) to meet the

32 m s2, is: [Online April 11, 2015]
coordinate axes at P and Q such that it forms a triangle
(a) 128 (b) 88
OPQ, where O is the origin. If the area of the triangle OPQ
(c) 112 (d) 100 is least, then the slope of the line PQ is : [2012]
106. If x = –1 and x = 2 are extreme points of
1
(a) - (b) – 4
f ( x ) = a log x + b x 2 + x then [2014] 4
1
1 1 (c) – 2 (d) -
(a) a = 2, b = - (b) a = 2, b = 2
2 2
113. Let f: ( -¥, ¥ ) ® ( -¥, ¥ ) be defined by
1 1
(c) a = -6, b = (d) a = -6, b = - f(x) = x3 + 1. [Online May 26, 2012]
2 2
Statement 1: The function f has a local extremum at x = 0
107. The minimum area of a triangle formed by any tangent to
Statement 2: The function f is continuous and
x 2 y2
the ellipse + = 1 and the co-ordinate axes is: differentiable on ( -¥, ¥ ) and f ¢(0) = 0
16 81
(a) 12 (b) 18 (b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
(c) 26 (d) 36
108. The volume of the largest possible right circular cylinder
not the correct explanation for Statement 1.
that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius = 3 is: (d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
[Online April 11, 2014] 114. Let f be a function defined by - [2011RS]
4 8 ì tan x
(a) 3p (b) 3p ï , x¹0
3 3 f (x) = í x
ï1, x=0
(c) 4p (d) 2p î
æ bö Statement - 1 : x = 0 is point of minima of f
109. The cost of running a bus from A to B, is ` ç av + ÷ ,
è vø Statement - 2 : f ¢ ( 0) = 0.
where v km/h is the average speed of the bus. When the (a) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
bus travels at 30 km/h, the cost comes out to be ` 75 while a correct explanation for statement-1.
at 40 km/h, it is ` 65. Then the most economical speed (in (b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
km/ h) of the bus is : [Online April 23, 2013] NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(a) 45 (b) 50 (c) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(c) 60 (d) 40 (d) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
110. The maximum area of a right angled triangle with æ 5p ö
x
hypotenuse h is : [Online April 22, 2013] 115. For x Î ç 0, ÷ , define f ( x) = ò t sin t dt . Then f has
è 2 ø
0
h2 h2 [2011]
(a) (b) (a) local minimum at p and 2p
2 2 2
(b) local minimum at p and local maximum at 2p
h2 h2 (c) local maximum at p and local minimum at 2p
(c) (d) (d) local maximum at p and 2p
2 4

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M-348 Mathematics
116. Let f : R ® R be a continuous function defined by

p p
1 (a) The cubic has minima at and maxima at –
f ( x) = [2010] 3 3
e x + 2e - x
p p
1 (b) The cubic has minima at – and maxima at
Statement -1 : f (c) = , for some c Î R. 3 3
3
p p
1 (c) The cubic has minima at both and –
Statement -2 : 0 < f (x) £ , for all x Î R 3 3
2 2
(a) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true ; Statement - p p
(d) The cubic has maxima at both and –
2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1. 3 3
x 2
(c) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true . 120. The function f ( x ) = + has a local minimum at
2 x
(d) Statement - 1 is true, Statement 2 is true ; Statement -2
is a correct explanation for Statement -1. (a) x = 2 (b) x = -2 [2006]
117. Let f : R ® R be defined by (c) x = 0 (d) x = 1
{ k2-x+23,x, ifif xx £>--11

121. The real number x when added to its inverse gives the
f ( x) = minimum value of the sum at x equal to
(a) –2 (b) 2 [2003]
If f has a local minimum at x = – 1 , then a possible value of (c) 1 (d) –1
k is [2010]
122. If the function f ( x) = 2 x3 - 9ax 2 + 12a 2 x + 1 , where
1 a > 0 , attains its maximum and minimum at p and q
(a) 0 (b) -
2 respectively such that p 2 = q , then a equals [2003]
(c) –1 (d) 1
118. Given P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d such that x = 0 is the 1
(a) (b) 3
only real root of P' (x) = 0. If P(–1) < P(1), then in the interval 2
[ –1, 1] : [2009] (c) 1 (d) 2
(a) P(–1) is not minimum but P(1) is the maximum of P 123. The maximum distance from origin of a point on the curve
(b) P(–1) is the minimum but P(1) is not the maximum of P
(c) Neither P(–1) is the minimum nor P(1) is the maximum æ at ö æ at ö
x = a sin t–b sin çè ÷ø , y = a cos t – b cos çè ÷ø , both
of P b b
(d) P(–1) is the minimum and P(1) is the maximum of P a, b > 0 is
119. Suppose the cubic x3 – px + q has three distinct real roots (a) a – b (b) a + b [2002]
where p > 0 and q > 0. Then which one of the following
holds? [2008] (c) a 2 + b2 (d) a 2 - b2

www.clearjee.xyz
f (t2 ) - f (t1 ) From (i) and (ii), 50 = 4p(10 + x)

1. (c) Average speed = f '(t ) =
t2 - t1 dx
Þ 50 = 4p(10 + 5)2 [Q thickness of ice x = 5]
t1 + t2 dt
2at + b = a(t1 + t2 ) + b Þ t =
2 dx 1
(d) Let the side of cube be a. Þ = cm / min
2. dt 18p
dS da da
S = 6a 2 Þ = 12a × Þ 3.6 = 12 a × 5. (b) According to the question,
dt dt dt
dy
da da = – 25 at y = 1
Þ 12(10) = 3.6 Þ = 0.03 dt
dt dt By Pythagoras theorem, x2 + y2 = 4 ...(i)
dV da æ 3 ö When y = 1 Þ x = 3
V = a3 Þ = 3a 2 × = 3(10)2 × ç =9
dt dt è 100 ÷ø Diff. equation (i) w. r. t. t,
3. (d) Since, function f (x) is continuous at x = 1, 3 dx dy
2x + 2y =0
+ dt dt
\ f (1) = f (1 )
Þ ae + be -1 = c ...(i)
f (3) = f (3+ )
2
Þ 9c = 9a + 6c Þ c = 3a ...(ii) y
From (i) and (ii),
b = ae(3 - e) ...(iii)
x
é ae x - be - x -1 < x < 1 dx dy dx
ê Þ x +y =0Þ 3 + (– 25) = 0
f '( x ) = ê 2cx 1< x < 3 dt dt dt
ê 2ax + 2c 3< x< 4 dx 25
ë Þ dt = cm/s
3
f '(0) = a - b, f '(2) = 4c
6. (a) Given that ice melts at a rate of 50 cm3/min.
Given, f '(0) + f '(2)= e dVice
\ = 50
a - b + 4c= e ...(iv) dt
From eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), 4 4
Vice = p(10 + r )3 - p(10)3
3 3
a - 3ae + ae 2 + 12a = e
dV 4 dr dr
Þ = p3(10 + r )2 = 4p(10 + r )2
Þ 13a - 3ae + ae 2 = e dt 3 dt dt
e
Þa=
e 2 - 3e + 13 5
4. (d) Let the thickness of ice layer be = x cm r
10
4
Total volume V = p(10 + x)3
3
dV dx
= 4p(10 + x )2 ...(i)
dt dt
Since, it is given that Substitute r = 5,
dV dr Þ dr = 50 1
= 50 cm3 / min ...(ii) 50 = 4p(225) = cm/min
dt dt dt 4p(225) 18p

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9. (a) A
7. (d)
r
tan q = 1/2
q 120
10 m 3 O B
5 m /min
Let OA = x km, OB = y km, AB = R
(AB)2 = (OA)2 + (OB)2 – 2 (OA) (OB) cos 120
æ 1ö
Given that water is poured into the tank at a constant R2 = x2 + y2 – 2 xy ç - ÷ = x 2 + y 2 + xy ...(i)
rate of 5 m3/minute. è 2ø
dv R at x = 6 km, and y = 8 km
\ = 5m3 / min
dt R= 62 + 82 + 6 ´ 8 = 2 37
Volume of the tank is, Differentiating equation (i) with respect to t
1 dy æ dy dx ö
V = pr 2 h ...(i) 2R
dR dx
= 2x + 2 y + ç x + y ÷
3 dt dt dt è dt dt ø
where r is radius and h is height at any time.
By the diagram, 1
= [2 ´ 8 ´ 20 + 2 ´ 6 ´ 30 + (8 ´ 30 + 6 ´ 20)]
r 1 2R
tan q = =
h 2 dR 1 260
= [1040] =
dh 2dr dt 2 ´ 2 37 37
Þ h = 2r Þ = ...(ii)
dt dt
4 3
Differentiate eq. (i) w.r.t. ‘t’, we get 10. (a) Volume of sphere V = pr
3
dV 1 æ dr dh ö
= p2r h + pr 2 ÷
dt 3 çè dt dt ø dV 4
= . p . 3r 2 .
dr
dt 3 dt
dV
Putting h = 10, r = 5 and = 5 in the above equation.
dt dr dr 35
35 = 4pr 2 . or = ...(i)
75p dh dh 1 dt dt 4pr 2
5= Þ = m/min.
3 dt dt 5p Surface area of sphere = S = 4pr2
4 3 dS dr dr
8. (c) Volume of sphere V = pr ...(i) = 4p´ 2 r ´ = 8pr .
3 dt dt dt
dv 4 2 dr
= .3pr . dS 70
dt 3 dt = (By using (i))
dt r
dr
4p = 4pr2. Now, diameter = 14 cm, r = 7
dt
1 dr dS
= \ = 10
r2 dt dt
Since, V = 288p, therefore from (i), we have
4 3 dV dr
4 288 ´ 3 11. (d) V = pr Þ = 4pr 2 . ...(i)
288p = p(r 3 ) Þ = r3 3 dt dt
3 4
Þ 216 = r3 dS dr
Þr= 6 S = 4pr2 Þ = 8pr .
dt dt
dr 1
Hence, = . dr dr 1
dt 36 Þ 8 = 8pr Þ =
dt dt pr

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dr 15. (d) Let A be the area, b be the breadth and l be the length
Putting the value of in (i), we get of the rectangle.
dt
dA dl db
dV
= 4pr 2 ´
1
= 4r Given : = -5 , =2, = -3
dt pr dt dt dt
We know, A = l × b
dV
Þ is proportional to r. dA db dl
dt Þ = l. + b. = -3l + 2b
dt dt dt
12. (c) Volume of spherical balloon = V = 4 pr 3 Þ – 5 = – 3l + 2b.
3
Differentiate both the side, w.r.t 't' we get, When b = 2, we have
9
dV æ dr ö – 5 = – 3l + 4 Þ l = = 3m
= 4pr 2 ç ÷ ...(i) 3
è dt ø 16. (b) Let A = pr2.
dt
\ After 49 min, dA dr
Volume = (4500 – 49 ´ 72)p = (4500 – 3528)p = 972 p m3 = 2pr .
dt dt
Þ V = 972 p m3
dr
4 3 6p = 2p ( 30 ) .
\ 972 p = pr dt
3
3 dr dr 1
Þ r3 = 3 ´ 243 = 3 ´ 35 = 36 = (32)3 Þ = Þ = = 0.1
30 dt dt 10
Þ r=9
Thus, the rate at which the radius of the circular sheet
dV increases is 0.1
Given = 72 p
dt 17. (d)
dV u=0
Putting = 72p and r = 9, we get f s+n
v
dt A
t+m
\ æ dr ö
72 p = 4 p´ 9 ´ 9 ç ÷
è dt ø u=0
B f¢ s
v
dr æ 2 ö t
Þ =ç ÷
dt è 9 ø As per question if point B moves s distance in t time then
13. (b) Let A = pr2 be area of metalic circular plate of point A moves (s + n) distance in time (t + m) after which
r = 50 cm. both have same velocity v.
dr 1 Then using equation v = u + at we get
Also, given = 1mm = cm
dt 10 f m
\ A = pr2 v = f (t + m) = f 't Þ t = ....(i)
f '- f
dA dr 1
Þ = 2 pr = 2p.50. = 10 p Using equation v 2 = u 2 + 2 , as we get
dt dt 10
Hence, area of plate increases in 10p cm2/hour. f n
14. (c) Let W = nw v2 = 2 f ( s + n) = 2 f ' s Þs= ....(ii)
f '- f
dW dw dn
Þ =n + w. ...(i) 1 2
dt dt dt Also for point B using the eqn s = ut + at , we get
Given : w = t – t + 2 and n = 2t2 + 3
2 2
1 2
Þ
dw
= 2t - 1 and
dn
= 4t s = f 't
dt dt 2
Substituting values of t and s from equations (i) and (ii)
\ Equation (i)
in the above relation, we get
dw
Þ = (2t2 + 3) (2t – 1) + (t2 – t + 2) (4t) f n 1 f 2m 2
dt = f'
f '- f 2 ( f '- f ) 2
dW
Thus, = (2 + 3) (2 – 1) + (2) (4) 1
dt t =1 Þ ( f '- f ) n = ff ' m 2
2
= 5 (1) + 8 = 13

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18. (c) Let the liard catches the insect after time t then Again by LMVT for x Î [c, b]
distance covered by liard = 21cm + distance covered by
f ( b) - f ( c )
insect = f ¢(b), bÎ (c, b)
b-c
1 2
Þ ft = 4 ´ t + 21 Qf ²(x) < 0 Þ f ¢(x) is decreasing
2
f (c) - f (a) f (b) - f (c )
1 f ¢(a) > f ¢(b) Þ >
Þ ´ 2 ´ t 2 = 20 ´ t + 21 c-a b-c
2
f ( c) - f ( a ) c - a
Þ t 2 - 20t - 21 = 0 Þ t = 21sec Þ > (Q f (x) is increasing)
f (b ) - f ( c ) b - c
19. (b) Given that
Total radius r = 10 + 5 = 15 cm 23. (d) f ¢(x) = x (p – cos–1 (sin|x|))
æ æp öö æp ö
dv d æ 4 3ö = x ç p - ç - sin -1 (sin | x |) ÷ ÷ = x ç + | x | ÷
= 50 cm3/min Þ ç pr ÷ø = 50 è è2 øø è2 ø
dt dt è 3
dr ì æp
Þ 4pr
2
= 50 ö
dt ïxç 2 + x ÷ , x³0
ï è ø
f ( x) = í
dr 50 1 ïxæ p - x ö ,
Þ dt = 4 p (15) 2 = cm/min ïî çè 2 ÷ x<0
18p ø
dy dy 9
20. (a) Given y 2 = 18 x Þ 2 y = 18 Þ = ìp
+ 2x , x ³ 0
ïï 2
dx dx y
f ¢( x) = í
dy 2dx dy ï p - 2x , x < 0
ATQ = Þ =2 ïî 2
dt dt dx
Þ
9
= 2Þ y =
9 æ pö
Hence, f ¢(x) is increasing in ç 0, ÷ and decreasing in
y 2 è 2ø
Putting in y 2 = 18 x Þ x =
9 æ -p ö
8 ç 2 ,0 ÷ .
è ø
æ9 9ö 24. (b) Given functions are, f (x) = ex – x and g (x) = x2 – x
\ Required point is ç , ÷
è8 2ø 2
- x)
f (g (x)) = e( x - (x 2 - x)
21. (a) f ( x) = (3x - 7) × x 2/3
Given f (g (x)) is increasing function.
2
2 \(f (g (x)))’ = e( x -x)
f '( x ) = 3 x 2 / 3 + (3 x - 7) × x -1/ 3 ´ (2 x - 1) - 2 x + 1
3
2 2
= (2 x - 1)e( x - x) - x)
15 x - 14 + 1 - 2 x = (2 x - 1)[e ( x - 1] ³ 0
=
3 x1/ 3 For (f (g (x)))’ ³ 0,
2
+ – + - x)
(2 x - 1) &[e( x - 1] are either both positive or
0 14
15
negative
For increasing function +ve –ve +
æ 14 ö 0 1 1
f '(x) > 0 then x Î (-¥, 0) È ç , ¥÷
è 15 ø 2
22. (d) Since, function f (x) is twice differentiable and é 1ù

x Î ê0, ú È [1, ¥)
continuous in x Î [a, b]. Then, by LMVT for x Î [a, c] ë 2û
f ( c ) - f (a )
= f ¢(a ), a Î (a, c )
c-a

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Þ 1 – 2a + 4 + a = 0
x2
25. (c) f ( x) = Þ a=5
1- x2
Then, f(x) = x3 – 9x2 + 15x + 7
x2 Now,
Þ f ( - x) = = f ( x)
1 - x2 f ( x) - 14
=0
2x ( x - 1)2
f ¢(- x) =
(1 - x 2 )2
x3 - 9 x 2 + 15 x + 7 - 14
f(x) increases in x Î (10, ¥) Þ =0
( x - 1)2
Also f(0) = 0 and
lim f ( x ) = -1 and f(x) is even function ( x - 1)2 ( x - 7)
Þ =0Þx=7
x ®± ¥
( x - 1) 2
Set A = R – [–1, 0)
And the graph of function f(x) is x (d – x)
28. (a) f (x) = –
a +x
2 2
b + (d – x)2
2
x (x – d )
= +
2 2
a +x b + ( x – d )2
2
x(2 x)
–1 0 1 a 2 + x2 –
2 a 2 + x2
f ¢(x) =
–1 (a 2 + x 2 )
( x – d ) 2( x – d )
b2 + ( x – d )2 –
26. (c) f (x) = f (x) + f (2 – x) 2 b 2 + ( x – d )2
+
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x,
f '(x) = f '(x) – f '(2 – x)
(b 2
+ ( x – d )2 )
For f (x) to be increasing f '(x) > 0 a 2 + x 2 – x 2 b2 + ( x – d )2 – ( x – d )2
= +
(a 2 + x 2 )3/2
( )
3/2
Þ f '(x) – f '(2 – x) > 0 b 2 + ( x – d )2
Þ f '(x) > f '(2 – x)
a2 b2
But f ''(x) > 0 Þf '(x) is an increasing function = + >0
(a )
2 3/2
(b )
3/2
Then, f '(x) > f '(2 – x) > 0
2
+x 2
+ ( x – d )2
Þ x>2–x Þ f ¢(x) > 0, ฀ x Î R
Þ x>1 Þ f (x) is increasing function.
Hence, f (x) is increasing on (1, 2) and decreasing on (0, 1).
Hence, f(x) is increasing function.
27. (c) f(x) = x3 – 3 (a – 2) x2 + 3ax + 7, f(0) = 7
29. (a) f ( x ) = x3 - 3 x 2 + 5 x + 7
f (x) = 0 at x = 1 For increasing
f ¢ ( x ) = 3x2 - 6 x + 5 > 0
Þ xÎ R
For decreasing
f ¢ ( x ) = 3x2 - 6 x + 5 < 0
x= 1
30. (c) f (x) = sin4 x + cos4 x
f '(x) = 4sin3 x cos x + 4cos3 x (– sin x)
Þ f ¢(x) = 3x2 – 6(a – 2) x + 3a = 4sin x cos x (sin2 x – cos2 x)
f ¢(1) = 0 = – 2sin 2x cos 2x = – sin 4x

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f (x) is increasing when f '(x) > 0 Thus statement -1 and 2 both are true and statement-2 is
Þ – sin 4x > 0 Þ sin 4x < 0 a correct explanation of statement 1.
p p 35. (c) f ( x ) = xe x(1- x) , x Î R

Þ x Î çæ , ù
è 4 2 úû
f ' ( x ) = e x(1- x) . é1 + x – 2 x 2 ù
ë û
x(1- x ) é 2
y = sin 4x
= -e . 2 x - x –1ù
ë û
x(1- x ) éæ 1ö ù
p p = -2e . êç x + ÷ ( x - 1)ú
ë è 2 ø û
4 2
f ' ( x ) = -2e x(1- x ) . A
æ 1ö
where A = çè x + ÷ø ( x - 1)
2
31. (b) Since f ¢(x) > 0 and g¢(x) < 0, therefore Now, exponential function is always +ve and f ¢(x) will
f(x) is increasing function and g(x) is decreasing function. é 1 ù
be opposite to the sign of A which is –ve in ê - ,1ú
Þ f (x + 1) > f (x) and g (x + 1) < g (x) ë 2 û
Þ g [f (x + 1)] < g [ f (x)] and f [g (x + 1)] < f [g (x)]
é 1 ù
Hence option (b) is correct. Hence, f ¢(x) is +ve in ê - ,1ú
ë 2 û
32. (d) f (x) = 2x3 + 3x + k
é 1 ù
f'(x) = 6x2 + 3 > 0 " x Î R (Q x2 > 0) \ f(x) is increasing on ê - ,1ú
ë 2 û
Þ f (x) is strictly increasing function
Þ f (x) = 0 has only one real root, so two roots are not 36. (b) Given that f (x) = x3 + 5x + 1
possible. \ f ' (x) = 3x2 + 5 > 0, " x Î R
33. (c) Let y = x2 . e–x Þ f (x) is strictly increasing on R
For increasing function, Þ f (x) is one one
dy
> 0 Þ x [(2 – x) e–x] > 0 \ Being a polynomial f (x) is continuous and increasing.
dx f ( x ) = -¥
on R with xlim
®¥
Q x > 0, \ (2 – x) e–x > 0
1 and lim f ( x ) = ¥
Þ (2 – x) x
>0 x ®¥
e
For 0 < x < 2, (2 – x) < 0 \ Range of f = ( - ¥, ¥) = R
Hence f is onto also. So, f is one one and onto R.
1
\ < 0 , but it is not possible 37. (b) Let f (x) = x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x –560
ex
Hence the statement-2 is false. Þ f '(x) = 7x6 + 70x4 + 48x2 + 30 > 0, " x Î R ...(i)
34. (a) f (x) = x log x, f (1) = 0, f (2) = 4 Þ f is an increasing function on R
g(x) = 2 – x, g(1) = 1, g(2) = 0 Also lim f ( x) = ¥ and lim f ( x ) = – ¥ ...(ii)
log 10 > log 4 Þ 1 > log 4 x ®¥ x® – ¥
From (i) and (ii) clear that the curve
Y
y = f (x) crosses x-axis only once.
\ f (x) = 0 has exactly one real root.
1 f(x) = x log x, xÎ [1, 2]
38. (d) Given that f (x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x)
Differentiate w.r. to x
log 4 g(x) = 2–x, x Î [1, 2]
X¢ X 1
O 1 2 f '(x) = .(cos x - sin x )
1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
Y¢

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y'
æ 1 1 ö (4 x3 + x 4 × y ')e y + =0
2. ç cos x - sin x ÷ 1+ y
è 2 2 ø
=
1 + (sin x + cos x) 2 - 4 x 3e y
æ dy ö
Þç ÷ =
è dx ø æ 1 ö
æ p p ö ç + e y x4 ÷
2 ç cos .cos x - sin .sin x÷ è y +1 ø
è 4 4 ø
=
1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
æ dy ö
Þç ÷ = -2
è dx ø(1,0)
æ pö
2 cos ç x + ÷
è 4ø \ Equation of tangent;
\ f '(x) =
1 + (sin x + cos x ) 2 y - 0 = -2( x - 1) Þ 2 x + y = 2
Given that f (x) is increasing Only point (–2, 6) lies on the tangent.
42. (0.50)
æ pö
\ f ' (x) > 0 Þ cos ç x + ÷ > 0 The given curve y = (x – 1)(x – 2), intersects the x-axis at
è 4ø A(1, 0) and B(2, 0).
p p p æ dy ö æ dy ö
Þ- < x+ < \
dy
= 2 x - 3; ç ÷ = -1 and ç =1
2 4 2 è dx ø ( x = 1) ÷
dx è dx ø ( x = 2 )
3p p
Þ - <x< Equation of tangent at A(1, 0),
4 4
Hence, f (x) is increasing when y = -1( x - 1) Þ x + y = 1
æ p pö Equation of tangent at B(2, 0),

n Îç - , ÷
è 2 4ø y = 1( x - 2) Þ x - y = 2
So a = 1 and b = 2
39. (c) From option (c), f (x) = 3 x 2 - 2 x + 1 is increasing
a 1
when f '( x ) = 6x – 2 ³ 0 Þ = = 0.5.
b 2
Þ x Î[1/ 3, ¥) 43. (4)
æ 1ù For (1, 2) of y 2 = 4 x Þ t = 1, a = 1
\ f (x) is incorrectly matched with ç -¥, ú
è 3û Equation of normal to the parabola
40. (b) The given tangent to the curve is, Þ tx + y = 2at + at 3
y = x loge x (x > 0) Þ x + y = 3 intersect x-axis at (3, 0)
dy dy
Þ = 1 + log e x y = ex Þ = ex
dx dx
Equation of tangent to the curve
dy ù
Þ = 1 + loge c Þ y - e c = ec ( x - c)
dx úû x = c
(slope)
Q Tangent to the curve and normal to the parabola
Q The tangent is parallel to line oining (1, 0), (e, e) intersect at same point.
e-0 \ 0 - ec = ec (3 - c) Þ c = 4.
\1 + log e c =
e -1
44. (91)
e 1
Þ log e c = - 1 Þ log e c = 6
e -1 e -1 ì3 4 ü
y= å k cos -1 íî 5 cos kx - 5 sin kxýþ
1 k =1
Þc= e e -1
3 4
41. (c) The given curve is, x × e + 2 y + 1 = 3
4 y
Let cos a = and sin a =
5 5
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

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M-356 Mathematics
6
dy a2 - 3 2 1
\ y = å k cos -1{cos a cos kx - sin a sin kx} = 2 =- =-
k =1 dx (a,b) (a - 3) 2 6 3
6 3 (a2 + 3) = (a2 – 3)2 Þ a2 = 9

= å k cos -1 (cos(kx + a))
x a a
k =1
And, b = Þ a2 - 3 = Þ =6
a2 - 3 b b
6 6
= å k (kx + a) = å (k 2 x + ak ) 1
k =1 k =1
Þ a = ±3, b = ±
2
dy 6
6(7)(13) These values of a and b satisfies |6a + 2b| = 19
\ = å k2 = = 91. 48. (d) y = x3 + ax – b
dx k =1 6
Since, the point (1, –5) lies on the curve.

45. (4.0)P º (x1, y1)
Þ1+a– b= –5
2yy¢ – 6x + y¢ = 0
Þ a – b = –6 ...(i)
æ 6 x1 ö
Þ y¢ = ç ÷ dy
= 3x 2 + a
è 1 + 2 y1 ø dx
æ3 ö æ dy ö
ç ÷
ç 2 - y1 ÷ æ 1 + 2 y1 ö è dx øat x =1 = 3 + a
ç ÷ = -ç ÷
ç - x1 ÷ è 6 x1 ø Since, required line is perpendicular to y = x – 4, then
è ø
slope of tangent at the point P (1, –5) = –1
[By point slope form, y – y1 = m(x – x1)] 3+a=–1
Þ 9 – 6y1 = 1 + 2y1
a=–4
Þ y1 = 1
\ x1 = ± 2 b=2
the equation of the curve is y = x3 – 4x – 2
æ ±12 ö
\ Slope of tangent (m) = ç ÷ =±4 (2, –2) lies on the curve
è 3 ø
49. (d) y = f(x) = x3 – x2 – 2x
\ |m| = 4
46. (d) Given equation of curve is dy
- 3x 2 - 2 x - 2
x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0 dx
Þ 2x + 2y + 2xy¢ – 6yy¢ = 0 f(1) = 1 – 1 – 2 = – 2, f(–1) = –1 –1 + 2 = 0
Þ x + y + xy¢ –3yy¢ = 0 Since the tangent to the curve is parallel to the line
Þ y¢(x – 3y) = – (x + y)
segment oining the points (1, –2) (–1, 0)
dy x + y
Þ = Since their slopes are equal
dx 3 y - x
-2 - 0 -1
Þ 3x 2 - 2 x - 2 = Þ x = 1,
- dx x - 3 y 2 3
Slope of normal = =
dy x - 3y ì -1 ü
Hence, the required set S = í ,1ý
2-6 î3 þ
Normal at point (2, 2) = =–1
2+2 50. (c) Equation of tangent to circle at point ( 3,1) is
Equation of normal to curve = y – 2 = – 1 (x – 2)
Þ x+y=4 3x + y = 4
\ Perpendicular distance from origin
0+ 0- 4
P( 3,1)
= =2 2 æ 4 ö
2 2 Aç ,0÷
x è 5 ø
47 (a) Given curve is, y = 2 M
x -3 O
dy ( x 2 - 3) - x (2 x ) - x 2 - 3
Þ = = 3x + y = 4
dx ( x 2 - 3)2 ( x 2 - 3) 2 2 2
x +y =4

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æ 4 ö
coordinates of the point A = ç ,0 ÷
y2 = x
è 3 ø 53. (a)
1 1 4 2
Area = ´ OA ´ PM = ´ ´1 = sq. units
2 2 3 3 æ1 tö
P ç t2, ÷
51. (c) Given, the equation of parabola is, è4 2ø
x2 = 12 – y
æ3 ö
Q ç ,0 ÷
y è2 ø
(0, 12)
(–t, 12–t2) (t, 12–t2)

1
Here the curve is parabola with a = .
x 4
æ t2 t ö
Let P(at2, 2at) or P ç , ÷ be a point on the curve.
è 4 2ø
Now, y2 = x
dy dy 1
Þ2 y dx = 1 = dx =
2 x
Area of the rectangle = (2t) (12 – t2) æ dy ö 1

Þçè dx ÷ø =
A = 24t – 2t3 at p t
dA \ equation of normal at P to y2 = x is,

= 24 – 6t2
dt æ tö æ 1 ö
y - ÷ = -t ç x - t 2 ÷
dA èç 2ø è 4 ø
Put = 0 Þ 24 – 6t2 = 0
dt
1 1 3
Þ t = ±2 Þy = -tx + t + t ...(i)
2 4
– + –
æ3 ö
–2 +2 For minimum PQ, (i) passes through Q çè , 0ø÷
2
At t = 2, area is maximum = 24(2) – 2(2)3
-3 t t 3
= 48 – 16 = 32 sq. units t + + = 0 Þ –4t + t3 = 0
2 2 4
52. (b) Q Tangent to the given curve is parallel to line 2y = 4x + 1
Þ t(t2 – 4) = 0 Þ t = –2, 0, 2
\ Slope of tangent (m) = 2
Q t ³ 0 Þ t = 0, 2
Then, the equation of tangent will be of the form
3
y = 2x + c ...(i) If t = 0, P(0, 0) Þ AP =
2
Q Line (i) and curve y = x – 5x + 5 has only one point
2
of intersection. 5
If t = 2, P(1, 1) Þ AP =
\ 2x + c = x2 – 5x + 5 2
x2 – 7x + (5 – c) = 0
æ3 ö 5
\ D = 49 – 4(5 – c) = 0 Shortest distance çè , 0÷ø and y = x is
2 2
29
Þ c =- 54. (b) The equation of curve y = xe x
2
4
29 dy 2 2
Hence, the equation of tangent: y = 2x – Þ = e x .1 + x.e x .2 x
4 dx

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2
Since (1, e) lies on the curve y = xe x , then equation of 56. (b) Since, the equation of curves are
y = 10 – x2 ...(i)
tangent at (1, e) is
y = 2 + x2 ...(ii)
x
( 2
y – e = e (1 + 2 x )
2
) x =1
( x - 1)
Adding eqn (i) and (ii), we get
y – e = 3e(x – 1) 2y = 12 Þ y = 6
3ex – y = 2e
Then, from eqn (i)
So, equation of tangent to the curve passes through the
x = ±2
æ4 ö
point çè , 2e÷ø Differentiate equation (i) with respect to x
3
55. (c) f(x) = y = x3/2 + 7 æ dy ö æ dy ö
dy
= –2x Þ çè ÷ø çè ÷ø
dy 3 dx dx (2, 6) = –4 and dx ( -2, 6) = 4
Þ Þ x >0
dx 2 Differentiate equation (ii) with respect to x
Þ f(x) is increasing function " x > 0
dy æ dy ö æ dy ö
dx
= 2x Þ èç dx ø÷ (2, 6) = 4 and çè ÷ø
dx ( -2, 6) = –4
æ ( -4) - (4) ö 8
(0, 7) 1
,7 T At (2, 6) tan q = çè 1 + ( -4) ´ (4) ÷ø = 15
2
(4) - ( -4) 8 8
At (–2, 6), tan q = = Þ tan q =
1 + (4)( -4) -15 15
8
\ |tan q| =
15
( 3/ 2
Let P x1 , x1 + 7 ) 57. (c) Let curve intersect each other at point P(x1, y1)
mTP = mat P = –1 Y
y2 = 6x
æ ö
3/ 2 1 P(x1, y1)
ç x1 ÷ 3 2
ç ´ x
Þ 1 ÷ 2 1 = –1
x -
èç 1 2 ø÷ X
x12
2
Þ - =x -1 9x2 + by 2 = 16
3 1
2
Þ Since, point of intersection is on both the curves, then

-3x12 = 2x1 – 1 Þ 3 x12 + 2 x1 - 1 = 0
y12 = 6x1 ...(i)
Þ 3x12 + 3x1 - x1 - 1 = 0
Þ 3x1(x1 + 1) – 1(x1 + 1) = 0 and 9x12 + by12 = 16 ...(ii)
1 Now, find the slope of tangent to both the curves at the
Þ x1 = (Q x1 > 0) point of intersection P(x1, y1)
3
For slope of curves:
æ1 1 ö Curve (i):
Þ P èç 3 ,7 + ÷
3 3ø
æ dy ö 3
çè ÷ø = m1 =
1 1 1 7 dx (x y1
1,y1 )
TP = + =
27 36 6 3

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Curve (ii): Equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is

æ dy ö 9x y = mx + c
and çè dx ÷ø = m2 = - 1
(x1,y1 ) by1 x1
Þ y= ×x+c
Since, both the curves intersect each other at right angle 4 y1
then, As tangent passes through (x1, y1)
27x1 x1
m1m 2 = -1 Þ = 1 Þ b = 27 x1 x1
by12 y12 \ y1 = +c
4 y1
1 9
\ from equation (i), b = 27 ´ = 4 y12 – x12 1
6 2 ÞC = =
58. (c) Let P(2t, t2) be any point on the parabola. 4 y1 4 y1
Centre of the given circle C = (– g, – f ) = (–3, 0)

x1 1
For PC to be minimum, it must be the normal to the Therefore, y = x+ Þ 4y1y = x1 x + 1
parabola at P. 4 y1 4 y1
y2 - y1 t 2 - 0 æ –1 ö
Slope of line PC = =
x2 - x1 2t + 3 which intersects x axis at A ç , 0 ÷ and y axis at
è x1 ø
dy x
Also, slope of tangent to parabola at P = = =t æ 1 ö
dx 2 B ç 0, ÷
è 4 y1 ø
-1
\ Slope of normal =
t Let midpoint of AB is (h, k)
t 2 - 0 -1 \ h=
–1
\ =
2t + 3 t 2 x1
Þ t 3 + 2t + 3 = 0
Þ (t + 1) (t 2 – t + 3) = 0 Þ x1 =
–1
& y1 =
1
\ Real roots of above equation is 2h 8k
t=–1
2 2
Coordinate of P = (2t, t 2) = (– 2, 1) æ 1 ö æ – 1ö
Slope of tangent to parabola at P = t = – 1 Thus, 4 ç ÷ = ç ÷ + 1
è 8k ø è 2h ø
Therefore, equation of tangent is:
(y – 1) = (– 1) (x + 2) 1 1
Þ x+y+1=0 Þ = +1
16 k 2 4h2
59. (d) Equation of hyperbola is :
4y2 = x2 + 1 16k 2
Þ1= + 16k 2
Þ – x2 + 4y2 = 1 4h 2
x2 y2 Þ h2 = 4k2 + 16 h2 k.
Þ – + =1 So, required equation is
12 æ1ö
2
ç ÷ x2 – 4y2 – 16 x2 y2 = 0
è2ø
60. (b) Since, x2 + 3y2 = 9
\ a = 1, b = 1 Þ 2x + 6y
dy
=0
2 dx
Now, tangent to the curve at point (x1, y1) is given by
dy – x
dy Þ =
4 ´ 2 y1 = 2 x1 dx 3 y
dx
dx 3y
dy 2 x1 x Slope of normal is – =
Þ = = 1 dy x
dx 8 y1 4 y1

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æ dx ö æ - 13x0 13 y0 ö
3 3 sin q So, P (x, y) º ç
4 ÷ø
, ...(i)
Þ ç– ÷ = = 3 tan q = m1 è 9
è dy ø(3cos q, 3sin q) 3 cos q
Q (x0, y0) lies on hyperbola, therefore
4(x0)2 – 9(y0)2 = 36 ...(ii)
æ dx ö
& ç– ÷ - 9x 4y
è dy ø( -3sin q, 3 cos q) From equation (i): x0 = and y0 =
13 13
From equation (ii), we get
3 3 cos q 9x2 – 4y2 = 169
= = – 3 cot q = m2
– 3 sin q Hence, locus of point P is : 9x2 – 4y2 = 169
As, b is the anagle between the normals to the given ellipse x+6
then 62. (c) We have y = (x - 2)(x - 3)
m1 – m2 At y-axis, x = 0 Þ y = 1
tan b = On differentiating, we get
1 + m1m2
dy (x 2 - 5x + 6) (1) - (x + 6) (2x - 5)
3 tan q + 3 cot q 3 tan q + 3 cot q =
= = dx (x 2 - 5x + 6)2
1 – 3 tan q cot q 1–3
dy
= 1 at point (0, 1)
3 dx
So, tan b = tan q + cot q
2 \ Slope of normal = – 1
Now equation of normal is y – 1 = –1 (x – 0)
1 3 sin q cos q Þ y–1=–x
Þ = +
cot b 2 cos q sin q x + y= 1
1 3 1 æ1 1ö
Þ = \ ç , ÷ satisfy it.
cot b 2 sin q cos q è2 2ø
1
1 3 2 cot b 2 63. (c) Eccentricity of ellipse =
Þ = Þ = 2
cot b sin 2 q sin 2 q 3
a 1
Now, – =–4Þa=4× =2Þa=2
61. (c) Given, 4x2 – 9y2 = 36 e 2
After differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
æ 1ö
4.2.x – 9.2.y.
dy
=0 We have b2 = a2 (1 – e2) = a2 ç 1 - ÷
dx è 4ø
dy 4 x 3
Þ Slope of tangent = = =4× =3
dx 9 y 4
-9 y \ Equation of ellipse is
So, slope of normal =
4x
x 2 y2
Now, equation of normal at point (x0, y0) is given by + =1
4 3
-9 y0
y – y0 = (x – x0) Now differentiating, we get
4 x0
x 2y
As normal intersects X axis at A, Then Þ + ´ y¢ = 0 Þ y¢ = – 3x
2 3 4y
æ 13x0 ö æ 13 y0 ö
Aº ç , 0 ÷ and B º ç 0,
è 9 ø è 4 ÷ø 3 2
y¢ (1,3/ 2) = - ´ = -
1
As OABP is a parallelogram 4 3 2
æ 13 y0 ö Slope of normal = 2
\ midpoint of OB º ç 0, º Midpoint of AP
è 8 ÷ø

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65. (d) x2y2 – 2x = 4 – 4y

æ 3ö
\ Equation of normal at ç1, ÷ is Differentiate w.r.t. 'x'
è 2ø
dy dy
3 2xy2 + 2y . x2 . – 2 = –4 .
y – = 2 (x – 1) Þ 2y – 3 = 4x – 4 dx dx
2
dy
\ 4x – 2y = 1 Þ (2y . x2 + 4) = 2 – 2x . y2
dx
64. (c) Y dy 2 - 2 ´ 2 ´ 4 -14 7
Þ = = =
dx 2, -2 2 ( -2 ) ´ 4 + 4 -12 6
B \ Equation of tangent is
7
( y + 2) = ( x - 2)or 7 x - 6 y = 26
P 6
\ (–2, –7) does not passes through the required tangent.
(x
,
y)
æ 1 + sin x ö
f ( x) = tan –1 ç
è 1– sin x ÷ø
66. (d)
X
A
æ 2ö
æ x xö æ xö
Let y = f (x) be a curve ç çè sin + cos ÷ø ÷ 1 + tan
slope of tangent = f ¢ (x) = tan –1 ç
2 2 ÷ –1 ç 2 ÷
ç 2 ÷ = tan ç ÷
Equation of tangent (Y – y) = f ¢ (x) (X – x) æ x x ö x
ç 1 – tan ÷
ç çè sin – cos ÷ø ÷ è
Put Y = 0 è x 2 ø 2ø
æ y ö æ æ p xö ö
Þ X = çç x - ÷ = tan –1 ç tan ç + ÷ ÷
è f ¢ ( x ) ÷ø è è 4 2ø ø
Put X = 0 p x dy 1
Þ y= + Þ =
Þ Y = y - x f ¢ (x) 4 2 dx 2
–1
æ y ö Slope of normal = = –2
Þ A = çç x - , 0 ÷÷ æ ö
dy
çè ÷ø
è f ¢ ( x ) ø dx
and B = (0, y – x f ¢ (x)) æp p pö

\ AP : PB = 1 : 3 Equation of normal at çè , + ÷ø
6 4 12
3æ y ö æp pö æ pö
y – ç + ÷ = –2 ç x – ÷
Þ çx - ÷ è 4 12 ø è 6ø
4 çè f ¢ ( x ) ÷ø
x =
4p 2p
y– = –2 x +
-3y dy -3y 12 6
Þ x= Þ =
f (x)
¢ dx x p p
y– = –2 x +
3 3
dy -3 dx C
= Þ y= 3 2p
y x x y = –2 x +
3
Q f (a) = 1 Þ C = 1
æ 2p ö
This equation is satisfied only by the point ç 0, ÷
1 æ 1ö è 3ø
\ y= is required curve and ç 2, ÷ passing
x3 è 8ø dy 1 2
67. (a) = ´4=
1 dx 2 4 x - 3 3
through y = 3 Þ 4x – 3 = 9
x
Þ x=3

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So, y = 4 71. (d) x2 – y + 6 = 0

Equation of normal at P (3, 4) is
dy dy
3 2x – =0Þ = 2x
dx dx
y – 4 = – (x – 3)
2
dy
i.e. 2y – 8 = – 3x + 9 =4
Þ 3x + 2y – 17 = 0 dx ( x, y )= (2,10)
This line is satisfied by the point (1, 7) equation of tangent
68. (d) P (4t2 + 3,8t3 – 1) y – 10 = 4(x – z)
dy / dt dy 4x – y + z = 0
= = 3t (slope of tangent at P) tangent passes through (a, b)
dt / dt dx
4a – b + z = 0 Þ b = 4a + z ...(i)
Let Q = (4l2 + 3,8l3 – 1)
and 2x + 2yy' + 8 – 2y' = 0
slope of PQ = 3t
2 x + 8 2a + 8
8t 3 - 8l3 y¢ = = =4 ...(ii)
= 3t 2 - 2 y 2 - 2b
2 2
4t - 4l from (i) and (ii)
Þ t3 – 3l2t + 2l3 = 0
(t – l) . (t2 + tl – 2l2) = 0 a=
–8
,b =
2
(t – l)2 . (t + 2l) = 0 17 17
-t æ -8 2 ö
t = l (or) l = ç , ÷
2 è 17 17 ø
\ Q [t2 + 3, – t3 – 1]. 72. (a) Given that
69. (b) Given curve is x = 2 cos t + 2t sin t
x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0 ...(i)
dx
Differentiatew.r.t. x so, = -2 sin t + 2 [ t cos t + sin t ]
dt
dy dy
2x + 2x + 2y - 6y =0 dy
dx dx = 2 cos t - 2 [ - t sin t + cos t ]
æ dy ö dt
ç ÷ =1
è dx ø(1, 1) dy
= 2t sin t
Equation of normal at (1, 1) is dx
y=2–x ...(ii) dy 2t sin t
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get =
dx 2t cos t
x=1,3
dy
Point of intersection (1, 1), (3, –1) = tan t
Normal cuts the curve again in 4th quadrant. dx
æ dy ö
æp ö çè ÷ø =1
70. (b) Given curve is sin y = x sin ç + y÷ dx t =p / 4
è3 ø
Diff with respect to x, we get so the slope of the normal is – 1
dy æp ö æp ö dy p
cos y = sin çè + y÷ø + x cos çè + y÷ø At t = p /4x = 2+ and
dx 3 3 dx 2 2
æp ö
sin ç + y÷ y = 2 - p/ 2 2
dy è3 ø
Þ = the equation of normal is
dx æp ö
cos y - x cos ç + y ÷
dy 3
è3 ø éy -
ë ( û ) ë ( (
2 - p / 2 2 ù = -1 éê x - ))
2 + p / 2 2 ùú
û
at (0, 0) =
dx 2 p
2 y- 2+ = -x + 2 + p / 2 2
Þ Equation of normal is y – 0 = - (x – 0) 2 2
3
x + y = 2 2 , so the distance from the origin is 2
Þ 2x + 3 y=0

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73. (c) Given, y = 3 sin q.cos q

p
Þ x= and y = 0
dy 2
= 3[sin q(- sin q) + cos q(cos q)]
dq
p
dy Thus x + 2y = k Þ =k
= 3[cos 2 q - sin 2 q] = 3 cos 2q ...(i) 2
dq
75. (d) x2 = 8y ...(i)
and x = eq sin q When, x = 4, then y = 2
dx dy 2 x x dy ù
= eq cos q + sin q eq Now = = , ú =1
dq dx 8 4 dx û x = 4
dx
= eq (sin q + cos q) ...(ii) 1
dq Slope of normal = - = -1
dy
Dividing (i) by (i)
dx
dy 3cos 2q 3(cos 2 q - sin 2 q) Euqation of normal at x = 4 is
= q = q
dx e (sin q + cos q) e (sin q + cos q) y – 2 = – 1 (x – 4)
Þy = – x + 4 + 2 = – x + 6
dy 3( cos q + sin q )(cos q - sin q) Þx+ y = 6
=
dx eq ( sin q + cos q ) 76. (c) Since the tangent is parallel to x-axis,
dy 3(cos q - sin q) dy 8
= \ = 0 Þ 1- 3 = 0 Þ x = 2 Þ y = 3
dx eq dx x
dy Equation of the tangent is y – 3 = 0 (x – 2)
Given tangent is parallel to x-axis then = 0 Þ y=3
dx
3(cos q - sin q) dy
0= 77. (b) = 2 x - 5 \ m1 = (2 x - 5)(2, 0) = -1 ,
eq dx
or cos q – sin q = 0 Þ cos q = sin q m2 = (2 x - 5)(3, 0) = 1 Þ m1m2 = -1
tan p p i.e. the tangents are perpendicular to each other.
Þ tan q = 1 Þ tan q = Þ q=
4 4 78. (d) Given x = a ( cos q + q sin q)
74. (d) Let y = cos (x + y)
dx
Þ = a ( - sin q + sin q + q cos q )
dy æ dy ö dq
Þ = - sin ( x + y ) ç1 + ÷ ...(i)
dx è dx ø dx
Þ = aq cos q .....(i)
Now, given equation of tangent is dq
x + 2y = k y = a ( sin q - q cos q)
-1 dy
Þ Slope = = a [ cos q - cos q + q sin q ]
2 dq
dy
dy -1 Þ = aq sin q .....(ii)
So, = put this value in (i), we get dq
dx 2
From equations (i) and (ii) we get
-1 æ 1ö dy
= - sin ( x + y ) ç1 - ÷ = tan q Þ Slope of normal = – cot q
2 è 2ø dx
Þ sin (x + y) = 1 Equation of normal at 'q ' is
p p y – a (sin q – q cos q) = – cot q (x – a (cos q + q sin q))
Þ x+ y = Þ y= -x
Þ y sin q – a sin 2 q + a q cos q sin q
2 2
= – x cos q + a cos 2 q + a q sin q cos q
p
Now, - x = cos (x + y) Þ x cos q + y sin q = a
2
Clearly this is an equation of straight line which is at a
constant distance ‘a’ from origin.

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79. (d) Since, x = a (1 + cos q)

æ 3p ö
M = f ç ÷ = -2 + 1 = -1
dx è 4ø
Þ = -a sin q and y = a sin q
dq
So, (m, M ) = ( -3, - 1)
dy
Þ = a cos q 82. (5)
dq
C
dy
\ = - cot q.
dx D
\ The slope of the normal at q = tan q
\ The equation of the normal at q is 8 11
y - a sin q = tan q( x - a - a cos q)
Þ y cos q – a sin q cos q = x sinq – a sinq – a sinq cosq A x M

10–x
B
Þ x sin q - y cos q = a sin q Let AM = x m

Þ y = ( x - a ) tan q
\ (MD)2 + (MC ) 2 = 64 + x 2 + 121 + (10 - x) 2 = f ( x)
which always passes through (a, 0)
(say)
80. (b) f ¢¢ ( x) = 6( x - 1). Inegrating, we get
f '( x) = 2 x - 2(10 - x) = 0
f ¢ ( x) = 3 x 2 - 6 x + c
Þ 4 x = 20 Þ x = 5
Slope at (2, 1) = f ¢(2) = c = 3
f ''( x ) = 2 - 2( -1) > 0
[Q slope of tangent at (2,1) is 3]
\ f (x) is minimum at x = 5 m.
\ f ¢ ( x ) = 3 x 2 - 6 x + 3 = 3( x - 1) 2
83. (d) f ( x) = (1 - cos 2 x)(l + sin x) = sin 2 x(l + sin x)
Inegrating again, we get f ( x ) = ( x - 1)3 + D
Þ f ( x) = l sin 2 x + sin 3 x ...(i)
The curve passes through (2, 1)
Þ f '( x ) = sin x cos x [2l + 3sin x] = 0
Þ 1 = (2 - 1)3 + D Þ D = 0
\ f (x) = ( x – 1)3 2l
Þ sin x = 0 and sin x = - Þ x = a (let)
81. (b) C1 ® C1 + C2 3
So, f (x) will change its sign at x = 0, a because there is
2 1 + sin 2 x sin 2 x
æ -p p ö
Let f ( x) = 2 exactly one maxima and one minima in ç
è 2 2 ÷ø
,
2
sin x sin 2 x
1 sin 2 x 1 + sin 2 x
– + – +
R1 ® R1 - 2 R3 ; R2 ® R2 - 2 R3
-p 0 a p
0 cos 2 q - (2 + sin 2 x) 2 2
= 0 - sin 2 x - (2 + sin 2 x) = -2 - 2 sin 2 x OR
1 2
sin x 1 + sin 2 x – + – +
p a 0 p
f '( x) = -2cos 2 x = 0 -
2 2
p 3p
Þ cos 2 x = 0 Þ x = , 2l
4 4 Now, sin x = -
3
f ''( x) = 4sin 2 x 2l 3 3
Þ -1 £ - £ 1 Þ - £ l £ - {0}
æ pö 3 2 2
So, f '' ç ÷ = 4 > 0 (minima)
è 4ø Q If l = 0 Þ f ( x) = sin 3 x (from (i))
æ pö Which is monotonic, then no maxima/minima
m = f ç ÷ = -2 - 1 = -3
è 4ø
æ 3 3ö
So, l Î ç - , ÷ - {0}
æ 3p ö è 2 2ø
f '' ç ÷ = -4 < 0 (maxima)
è 4ø

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84. (d) The given function Q f ( x ) = f (0)

f ( x ) = (3x 2 + ax - 2 - a)e x
( x4 - 2 x2 )
Þk +C = C
f '( x) = (6 x + a)e + (3x + ax - 2 - a)e
x 2 x 4
f '( x) = [3x 2 + (a + 6) x - 2]e x Þ x2 ( x2 - 2) = 0
Q x = 1 is critical point : Þ x = 0, 2, - 2
\ f '(1) = 0 Þ T = {0, 2, - 2}
Þ (3 + a + 6 - 2) × e = 0 87. (3) Let f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
Þ a = -7 (Q e > 0) f(–1) = 10 and f(1) = – 6
– a + b – c + d = 10 ...(i)
\ f '( x) = (3x2 - x - 2)e x
a+b+c+d=–6 ...(ii)
= (3x + 2)( x - 1)e x
+ – + Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
–2/3 1 1 35
a= ,d =
2 4 4
\x = - is point of local maxima.
3 -3 9
b= ,c=-
and x = 1 is point of local minima. 4 4
85. (d) Area of rectangle ABCD Þ f(x) = a(x3 – 3x2 – 9x) + d
A = 2 x × ( x - 1) = 2 x - 2 x
2 3
3 2
f ¢(x) = (x – 2x – 3) = 0
dA 4
\ = 6x2 - 2
dx Þ x = 3, – 1
dA 1 졔 –
For maximum area =0Þ x= ±
dx 3 –1 3
Local minima exist at x = 3
d2A æ d 2 Aö -12
= (12 x) Þ ç 2 ÷ = <0 88. (d) f(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3
dx 2
è dx ø x = -1 3
3
æ ax5 + bx 4 + cx 3 ö
y lim ç 2 + ÷=4
x ®0 çè x3 ÷
ø
y = x2–1
Þ 2+c=4 Þ c=2
f ¢(x) = 5ax4 + 4bx3 + 6x2
A B = x2(5ax2 + 4bx + 6)
x' x
Since, x = ± 1 are the critical points,
D C \ f ¢(1) = 0 Þ 5a + 4b + 6 = 0 ...(i)
(–x, x2–1) (x, x2–1)
f ¢(–1) = 0 Þ 5a – 4b + 6 = 0 ...(ii)
y' From eqns. (i) and (ii),
6
2 2 4 b = 0 and a = -
\ Maximum area = - = 5
3 3 3 3 3
-6 5
86. (a) Q The critical points are –1, 0, 1 f ( x) = x + 2 x3
5
\ f '( x) = k × x( x + 1)( x - 1) = k ( x 3 - x) f ¢(x) = – 6x4 + 6x2 = 6x2 (–x2 + 1)
= – 6x2 (x + 1) (x – 1)
æ x4 x2 ö – 졔 –
Þ f ( x) = k ç - ÷ + C
è 4 2ø –1 1
Þ f (0) = C \ f(x) has minima at x = – 1 and maxima at x = 1

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89. (b) Given function f (x) = x kx - x 2 = kx 3 - x 4

r
Differentiating w. r. t. x,
h
(3kx 2 - 4 x3 ) 3
f ' (x) = ³ 0 for x Î [0, 3] 2
2 kx3 - x 4
[Q f (x) is increasing in [0, 3]]
Þ3k – 4x ³ 0 Þ 3k ³ 4x
i.e., 3k ³ 4x for x Î [0, 3]
\k ³ 4 i.e., m = 4
h2
Putting k = 4 in the function, f (x) = x 4x - x 2 \ r2 + =9 ...(i)
4
For max. value, f ‘ (x) = 0
Now, volume of cylinder, V = pr2h
2 3
i.e. 12 x - 4 x = 0 Þ x = 3
Substitute the value of r2 from equation (i),
2 4 x3 - x 4 æ h2 ö p 3
V = ph çç 9 - 4 ÷÷ Þ V = 9ph - h
y = 3 3 i.e., M = 3 3 è ø 4
90. (b) a6 = a + 5d = 2 Differentiating w.r.t. h,
Here, a is first term of A.P and d is common difference
dV 3
Let A = a1 a4 a5 = a (a + 3d) (a + 4d) = 9p - ph2
dh 4
= a (2 – 2d) (2 – d)
For maxima/minima,
A = (2 – 5d) (4 – 6d + 2d2)
dV
dA = 0 Þ h = 12
By =0 dh
dd
(2 – 5d) (– 6 + 4d) + (4 – 6d + 2d2) (– 5) = 0 d 2V 3
and = - ph
2
dh 2
8 2
– 15d2 + 34d – 16 = 0 Þ d = ,
5 3 æ d 2V ö
ç 2 ÷ <0
2 ç dh ÷
8 d A
, <0. è øh = 12
For d =
5 dd 2
Volume is maximum when h = 2 3
8
Hence d = 93. (a) Let, the functions is,
5
p p
91. (c) f (x) = 9x4 + 12x3 – 36x2 + 25 f(q) = 3cos q + 5sin q × cos - 5sin cos q
6 6
f '(x) = 36[x3 + x2 – 2x] = 36x (x – 1) (x + 2)
3 1
– + – + = 3cos q + 5 ´ sin q - 5 ´ cos q
2 2
–2 0 1
æ 5ö 3
Here at –2 & 1, f '(x) changes from negative value to = çè 3 - ÷ø cos q + 5 ´ sin q
positive value. 2 2
Þ –2 & 1 are local minimum points. At 0, f '(x) changes 1 5 3
from positive value to negative value. = cos q + sin q
2 2
Þ 0 is the local maximum point.
1 25 76
Hence, S1 = {–2, 1} and S2 = {0} max f(q) = + ´3 = = 19
92. (c) Let radius of base and height of cylinder be r and h 4 4 4
respectively.

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97. (d)
94. (b) Q(9, 6)
X(t2, 2t)
h2 + r2 = l2 = 9 ...(i)
Volume of cone
P(4, –4) 1 2
V= pr h ...(ii)
3
From (i) and (ii),
Parametric equations of the parabola y2 = 4x are, 1
ÞV = p(9 - h )h
2
x = t2 and y = 2t. 3
dv 1 (
t2 = p 9 - 3h 2 )
2t 1 1
ÞV = p(9h - h ) Þ
3
1
4 -4 1 3 dh 3
Area DPXQ = 2
9 6 1 For maxima/minima,
dV 1
= 0 Þ p(9 - 3h ) = 0
2
= –5t2 + 5t + 30
dh 3
= –5(t2 – t – 6)
Þh = ± 3 Þ h = 3 (Q h > 0)
éæ 1 ö 2 25 ù
= -5 êçè t - 2 ÷ø - 4 ú d 2V 1
ëê ûú Now; = p ( -6 h )
dh2 3
1
For maximum area t = æ d 2V ö
2 Here, èç dh 2 ø÷ <0
at h = 3
æ 25 ö 125
\ maximum area = 5 çè ÷ø = Then, h =
4 4 3 is point of maxima
95. (c) Consider the function, Hence, the required maximum volume is,
f(x) = 3x(x – 3)2 – 40 1
V= p(9 - 3) 3 = 2 3p
NowS = {x Î ฀R : x2 + 30 £ 11
1x} 3
So x2 – 11x + 30 £ 0 Þ x ฀Î [5, 6] 1
x2 +
\ f(x) will have maximum value for x = 6 x 2 æ 1ö 2
98. (c) Here, h(x) = = çx - ÷ +
The maximum value of function is, 1 è xø 1
x- x-
f(6) = 3 × 6 × 3 × 3 – 40 = 122. x x
xm y n 1 1
96. (c) A = = When x - <0
(1+ x )(1+ y 2n ) ( x – m + x m )( y – n + y n )
2m x
1 2
xm + y – m 1 \ x- + £ -2 2
³ ( x m . x – m ) 2 Þ xm + x–m ³ 2 x
x-
1
2 x
In the same way, y–n + yn ³ 2
Hence, -2 2 will be local maximum value of h(x).
Then, (xm + x–m) (y–n + yn) ³ 4
1
1 1 When x - >0
Þ m –m –n n
£ x
( x + x )( y + y ) 4

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1 2 4r 16r 2 8r 2 16r 2
\ x- + ³2 2 Þ b2 = 2hr – h2 = 2 × r– = –
x x- 1 3 9 3 9
x
(24 – 16) r 2 8r 2
Hence, 2 2 will be local minimum value of h(x). = =
9 9
99. (a) Here, f (x) = 2x3 – 9x2 + 12x + 5
Þ f ¢(x) = 6x2 – 18x + 12 = 0
2 2
For maxima or minima put f ¢(x) = 0 Þb= r = 2 2 cm
Þ x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 3
Þ x = 1 or x = 2 Therefore curved surface area = pbl
Now, f ²(x) = 12x – 18
Þ f ²(1) = 12(1) – 18 = – 6 < 0 = pb h 2 + r 2 = p2 2 42 + 8 = 8 3p cm2
Hence, f (x) has maxima at x = 1

\ maximum value = M = f (1) = 2 – 9 + 12 + 5 = 10. 101. (d) We have
And, f ²(2) = 12(2) – 18 = 6 > 0. Total length = r + r + rq = 20
Hence, f (x) has minima at x = 2. Þ 2r + r q = 20
\ minimum value = m = f (2)
20 - 2r
= 2(8) – 9(4) + 12(2) + 5 = 9 Þq= ...(i)
\ M – m = 10 – 9 =1 r
100. (a) Sphere of radius r = 3 cm q
Let b, h be base radius and height of cone respectively. A = Area = ´ pr 2
2p
1 2
So, volume of cone = pb h 1 2 1 æ 20 - 2r ö
2 = r q = r2 ç ÷ q
2 2 è r ø r r
A = 10r – r2
For A to be maximum
dA
A = 0 Þ 10 – 2r = 0
h–r
r dr qr
B C
Þr=5
b
d 2A
= –2 < 0
dr 2
In right angled D ABC by Pythagoras theorem \ For r = 5 A is maximum
(h – r)2 + b2 = r2 ...(i) From (i)
Þ b = r – (h – r) = r – (h – 2hr + r ) = 2hr – h2
2 2 2 2 2 2 20 - 2(5) 10
θ = = =2
5 5
1 1
\ Volume (v) = ph é2hr – h 2 ù = é 2h 2 r – h 3 ù 2
3 ë û 3ë û A= ´ p(5) 2 = 25 sq. m
2p
dv 1 é 102. (a) 4x + 2pr = 2 Þ 2x + pr = 1
= 4hr – 3h 2 ùû = 0 Þ h ( 4r – 3h ) = 0
dh 3 ë S = x + pr
2 2
2
d 2v æ 1 - pr ö
1
= [ 4r – 6 h ] S=ç ÷ + pr
2
dh 2
3 è 2 ø
dS æ 1 - pr öæ -p ö
4r d 2 v 1 é 4r ù 1 = 2ç ÷ç ÷ + 2pr
At h = , = 4r – ´ 6 ú = [ 4 r – 8r ] < 0 è 2 øè 2 ø
3 dh 2 3 êë
dr
3 û 3
4r 4 -p p2 r 1
Þ maximum volume ocurs at h = = ´ 3 = 4 cm Þ + + 2pr = 0 Þr=
3 3 2 2 p+ 4
As from (i), 2
Þx= Þ x = 2r
(h – r)2 + b2 = r2 p+ 4

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106. (a) Let f (x) = a log | x | + bx2 + x

103. (a) D = a 2 + (a 2 - 4)2 Differentiate both side,
D2 = a2 + a4 + 16 - 8a2 = a4 - 7a2 + 16
a
f ¢ ( x) =
+ 2bx + 1
dD 2 x
= 4a3 - 14a = 0
da Since x = –1 and x = 2 are extreme points therefore
2a(2a2 - 7) = 0 f ¢ ( x ) = 0 at these points.
7 Put x = –1 and x = 2 in f ¢( x ) , we get
a2 =
2
– a –2b + 1 = 0 Þ a +2b = 1 ...(i)
a
+ 4b + 1 = 0 Þ a +8b = –2 ...(ii)
2
O
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
1
2
(a , a – 4) 6b = -3 Þ b = -
2
49 49 49 15 \ a=2
D2 = - + 16 = - + 16 =
4 2 4 4
15 107. (d) æ 81ö
D= A ç 0, ÷
2 è kø
(h, k)
3
(1 + x) 5
104. (a) Let f(x) = and x Î [0, 1]
3 O
æ 16 ö
1+ x 5 B ç , 0÷
è h ø
3 2 3 -2
3 - 3
(1 + x ) (1 + x)
5 5 - (1 + x) 5 (x 5 )
5 5
Þ f¢(x) = 3
(1 + x )2
5 Let (h, k) be the point on ellipse through which tangent
is passing.
éæ 3ö -
2 3 -2 ù
3ê 5 ÷ (1 + x )
5
5x 5 ú xh yk
= 5 êçç 1 + x - (1 + x) Equation of tangent at (h, k) = + = 1
÷ø ú 16 81
ëêè ûú
16
at y = 0, x =
é 3 3ù h
3 ê 1+ x 5 (1 + x) 5 ú
= ê - ú 81
5ê 2 2
ú at x = 0, y =
k
ëê (1 + x) ûú
5 x 5
1 æ 16 ö æ 81ö 648
2 2
Area of AOB = ´ç ÷ ´ç ÷ =
x5 + x -1- x x 5 -1 2 è h ø è k ø hk
= 2 2 = 2 2 <0
x 5 (1 + x) 5 x 5 (1 + x) 5 (648)2
A2 = ...(i)
h2k 2
Also, f (0) = 1 Þ f(x) Î [2 , 1] –0.4
(h, k) must satisfy equation of ellipse
f (a) = 2–0.4
105. (d) Let ‘u’ be the velocity h2 k 2
\ u = 4 8 m/s, Given, g = 32 + = 1
16 81
At maximum height v = 0
Now, we know v2 = u2 – 2gh 16
h2 = (81 - k 2 )
Þ 0 = (48)2 – 2 (32)h Þ h = 36 81
Maximum height = 36 + 64 = 100 mt Putting value of h2 in equation (i)

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M-370 Mathematics
Now, for largest possible right circular cylinder the

81(648) 2 a volume must be maximum
2
A = =
16 ´ k 2 (81 - k 2 ) 81k 2 - k 4 dV
\ For maximum volume, = 0
differentiating w.r. to k dh
Now, Differentiating eq. (2) w.r.t. h
æ -1 ö
2AA¢ = a ç (162k - 4 k 3 )
è 81k 2 - k 4 ÷ø dV 3
= 3p - ph 2
dh 4
2AA¢ = –2A (81k – 4k3) Þ A¢= – 81k – 4k3
Put A¢ = 0 3 2 3
Þ 162k – 4k3 = 0, k (162 – 4k2) = 0 or 3p - ph = 0 Þ 3p = p h 2
4 4
9 Þ h2 = 4 Þ h = 2
Þ k = 0, k = ±
2
Now, volume (V) of the cylinder

A¢¢ = – (81 – 12k2) æ h2 ö
For both value of k, A¢¢ = 405 > 0 = p ç 3 - ÷ h = p (6 - 2) = 4p
è 4ø
9
Area will be minimum for k = ± 109. (c) Let cost C = av +
b
2 v
16 According to given question,
h2 = (81 - k 2 ) = 8
81 b
30 a + = 75 … (i)
30
h = ±2 2 b
40a + = 65 … (ii)
648 ´ 2 40
Area of triangle AOB = = 36 sq unit On solving (i) and (ii), we get
2 2 ´9
108. (c) Given, radius of sphere = 3 1
a= and b = 1800
Now, In DOAB, by Pythagoras theorem 2
(OA)2 = (OB)2 + (AB)2 b
Now, C = av +
v
dC b
Þ =a- 2
dv v
dC b
O
=0Þ a- 2 =0
h dv v
3 h/2
b
Þv= = 3600 Þ v = 60 kmph
B a
A C 110. (d) Let base = b
r
2
æ hö
( 3)2 = çè ÷ø + r
2 h
2 h2 - b 2
2
h2 h
+ r2 Þ r = 3 -
2
3= ...(i) b
4 4
Now, volume of cylinder = pr2h Altitude (or perpendicular) = h2 - b2
æ h2 ö 1 1 2 2
V = pç3 - ÷ h (using eq. (i)) Area, A = × base × altitude = ´ b ´ h - b
è 4ø 2 2
ph3 dA 1 é 2 - 2b ù
V = 3 ph - ...(ii) Þ = h - b2 + b .
4 db 2 ê ú
2 h2 - b2 û
ë

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Þ y – 2 = m (–1)
1 é h2 - 2b2 ù Þ y = 2 – m and OQ = y = 2 – m
= ê ú
2 êë h2 - b2 ûú
1 1æ 2ö
Area of DPOQ = (OP)(OQ ) = ç1 - ÷ ( 2 - m )
dA h 2 2 è mø
Put =0, Þ b=
db 2 1
(Q Area of D =
´ base ´ height )
2
1 h h2 h2 1é 4 ù 1é æ 4 öù
Maximum area = ´ ´ h2 - = = ê 2 - m - + 2 ú = ê4 - ç m + ÷ú
2 2 2 4 2ë m û 2ë è m øû
111. (b) Given that, f ( x ) = ln x + bx 2 + ax m 2
= 2- -
2 m
1
\ f Ἐ(x) = + 2bx + a
x Q
At x = –1, f '(x) = –1– 2b + a =0
Þ a – 2b = 1 ...(i)
(1,2)
1
At x = 2, f '(x) = + 4b + a = 0
2
1 P
Þ a + 4b = - ...(ii) O
2
m 2
1 1 Let Area = f (m) = 2 - -
On solving (i) and (ii) we get a = , b = - 2 m
2 4 -1 2
Now, f ' ( m ) = +
1 x 1 2- x + x 2 2 m2
Thus, f ' ( x ) = - + =
x 2 2 2x Put f ¢ (m) = 0
Þ m2 = 4 Þ m = ± 2
- x 2 + x + 2 -( x 2 - x - 2) - ( x + 1)( x - 2 )
= = = -4
2x 2x 2x Now, f ἘἘ ( m ) =
m3
1
+ + f ἘἘ ( m ) m = 2 = - <0
2
–¥ –1 –
0 2 – ¥
1
f ἘἘ ( m ) m = - 2 = > 0
2
So maxima at x = –1, 2 Area will be least at m = –2
112. (c) Equation of a line passing through (x1,y1) having Hence, slope of PQ is –2.
slope m is given by y – y1 = m (x –x1)
113. (d) Let f : (-¥, ¥) ® (-¥, ¥) be defined by f(x) = x3 + 1.
Since the line PQ is passing through (1,2) therefore its
equation is (y – 2) = m (x – 1) Clearly, f(x) is symmetric along y = 1 and it has neither
where m is the slope of the line PQ. maxima nor minima.
Now, point P (x,0) will also satisfy the equation of PQ \ Statement-1 is false.
\ y –2 = m (x –1) Þ 0 – 2 = m (x – 1) Hence, option (d) is correct.
-2 ì tan x
Þ – 2 = m (x – 1) Þ x – 1 = ï , x¹0
m 114. (b) f ( x) = í x
-2 ï 1, x = 0
î
Þ x= +1
m For x > 0
Also, OP = ( x - 0 ) 2 + ( 0 - 0 )2 = x = -2 + 1 tan x > x
m tan x
Similarly, point Q (0,y) will satisfy equation of PQ >1
x
\ y –2 = m (x– 1)

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M-372 Mathematics
Y ì k - 2 x, if x £ -1
117. (c) f ( x) = í
y = tan x î 2 x + 3, if x > -1
y=x 2x + 3
X´ X k–2x
O 1
–1
Y´ Clear that f (x) is minimum at (–1, 1)

For x < 0 Þ tan x < x \ f (–1) = 1
tan x
Þ >1 1=k+2Þ k=–1

x
118. (a) Given that P (x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
f ( 0) = 1 at x = 0
Þ P' (x) = 4 x3 + 3ax2 + 2bx + c
Þ x = 0 is the point of minima
But given P' (0) = 0 Þ c = 0
So, Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 is also true.
\ P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + d
115. (c) f '( x) = x sin x Again given that P ( – 1) 0
Þ x = 0 or sin x = 0
Now P ' (x) = 4x 3 + 3ax 2 +2bx = x (4x 2 + 3ax + 2b)
Þ x = 2 p, p
As P' (x) = 0, there is only one solution x = 0, therefore
1 4x2 + 3ax + 2b = 0 should not have any real roots i.e. D < 0
f ''( x ) = x cos x + sin x
2 x 9a 2
1 Þ 9a2 – 32 b < 0 Þ b > >0
= (2 x cos x + sin x) 32
2 x Hence a, b > 0
At x = p, f ''( x ) < 0 Þ P' (x) = 4 x 3 + 3ax2 + 2bx > 0 "x > 0
Hence, local maxima at x = p \ P (x) is an increasing function on (0,1)

\ P (0) 0
Similarly we can prove P (x) is decreasing on (– 1, 0)
Hence local minima at x = 2p
\ P (– 1) > P (0)
1 ex
116. (d) Given f ( x) = = So we can conclude that
e x + 2e - x e2 x + 2 Max P (x) = P (1) and Min P (x) = P (0)
(e 2 x + 2) e x - 2e 2 x .e x Þ P(–1) is not minimum but P (1) is the maximum of P.
f '( x ) =
(e 2 x + 2) 2
119. (a) Let y = x3 – px + q Þ dy = 3 x 2 – p
f '( x) = 0 Þ e dx
2x
+ 2 = 2e 2x
For maxima and minima
Þ e2 x = 2 Þ ex = 2
dy p
Qf" ( 2 ) = +ve dx
= 0 Þ 3x2 – p = 0 Þ x = ±
3
2 1 d2y
\ Maximum values of f (x) = = d2y d2y
4 2 2 2
= 6x = + ve and = – ve
dx dx 2 x = p dx 2 x = – p
1
Þ 0 < f ( x) £ "x Î R 3 3
2 2
p
Since, 0 < < 1
1 \ y has minimum at x = and maximum at
3 2 2 3
1 p
Þ for some c Î R , f (c ) = x= –
3 3

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x 2 1 2 Þ x = a or x = 2a.
120. (a) Given f (x) = + Þ f '( x) = - 2 = 0
2 x 2 x f ''( x ) = 12 x - 18a
Þ x2 = 4 Þ x = 2, – 2; f "(a) = – 6a < 0 \ f(x) is max. at x = a,
f "(2a) = 6a > 0
4
Now, f ''( x) = \ f(x) is min. at x = 2a
x3 \ p = a and q = 2a
f ''( x )] x =2 = + ve Þ f ( x ) has local min at x = 2.
ATQ, p 2 = q
1 dy 1 \ a 2 = 2a Þ a = 2or a = 0
121. (c) ATQ, y = x + Þ = 1-
x dx x2 but a > 0, therefore, a = 2.
For maxima. or minima.,
123. (b) We know that distance of origin from
1
1- = 0 Þ x = ±1
x2
(x, y) = x2 + y 2
d2 y 2 æ d2 yö æ at ö
= 3 Þç 2 ÷ = 2> 0 = a 2 + b2 - 2ab cos ç t - ÷ ;
dx 2
x è dx ø x =1 è bø
\ y is minimum at x = 1 £ a 2 + b 2 + 2ab
122. (d) f ( x) = 2 x3 - 9ax 2 + 12a 2 x + 1 éì æ at ö ü ù
ê í cos ç t - ÷ ý = -1ú = a + b
2 2
f '( x ) = 6 x - 18ax + 12a ; êë î è b ø þ min úû
For maxima or minima. \ Maximum distance from origin = a + b
6 x 2 - 18ax + 12a2 = 0 Þ x 2 - 3ax + 2a2 = 0

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M-374 Mathematics
22
Integrals
x
Standard Integrals, Integration by
TOPIC Ć Substitution, Integration by Parts 5. Let f ( x) = ò dx ( x ³ 0). Then f (3) – f (1) is equal
(1 + x)2
to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
æ ( x -1) 2 ö p 1
ç ò0 t cos(t 2 )dt ÷ p 1 3 3
(a) - + + (b) + -
1. lim ç ÷ [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] 12 2 4 6 2 4
x ®1 ç ( x - 1)sin( x - 1) ÷
ç ÷
è ø p 1 3 p 1 3
(c) - + + (d) + -
1 6 2 4 12 2 4
(a) is equal to (b) is equal to 1
2 æ x ö
ò
If sin -1 çç -1
1 6. ÷÷ dx = A( x) tan ( x ) + B ( x ) + C , wher e
(c) is equal to – (d) does not exist è 1 + x ø
2
C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair (A(x),
-x (e x + e - x ) e x e- x
If ò (e + 2e - e - 1) e dx = g ( x)e( + ) + c ,
2x x B(x)) can be : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
2.
where c is a constant of integeration, then g (0) is equal to: (a) ( x + 1, - x ) (b) ( x + 1, x)
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] (c) ( x - 1, - x ) (d) ( x - 1, x)
(a) e (b) e 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
cos q dx
3. If ò 5 + 7 sin q - 2 cos 2 qd q = A loge | B(q) | +C , where 7. The integral ò ( x + 4)8/7 ( x - 3)6/7 is equal to:
(where C is a constant of integration) [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
B (q )
C is a constant of integration, then can be : 1/7 -1/7
A æ x-3 ö æ x -3ö
(a) ç ÷ +C (b) - ç ÷ +C
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] è x+4ø è x+4ø
2sin q + 1 -13/7
2sin q + 1 1æ x-3 ö
3/7
1 æ x-3 ö
+C (d) - +C
2 çè x + 4 ÷ø 13 çè x + 4 ÷ø
(a) (b) (c)
sin q + 3 5(sin q + 3)
5(sin q + 3) 5(2 sin q + 1) dq
(c)
2 sin q + 1
(d)
sin q + 3 8. If ò cos2 q(tan 2q + sec 2q) = ltanq + 2loge|f(q)| + C where
2 C is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair
æ x ö
4. The integral ò ç ÷ dx is equal to (l, f(q)) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
è x sin x + cos x ø (a) (1, 1 – tanq) (b) (–1, 1 – tanq)
(where C is a constant of integration) : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] (c) (–1, 1 + tanq) (d) (1, 1 + tanq)
x sec x
(a) tan x - +C cos x dx 1/l
ò sin3 x(1 + sin 6 x)2/3 = f ( x)(1 + sin
6
x sin x + cos x 9. If x) + c where c is
x tan x
(b) sec x + +C
æ pö
x sin x + cos x
a constant of integration, then lf èç ø÷ is equal to:
x tan x 3
(c) sec x - +C [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
x sin x + cos x
x sec x 9 9
(d) tan x + +C (a) - (b) 2 (c) (d) –2
x sin x + cos x 8 8

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Integrals M-375
If ò esec (sec x tan x f ( x ) + (sec x tan x + sec 2 x)) dx

x
2 x3 - 1 15.
10. The integral ò x4 + x dx is equal to : = esec x f(x) + C, then a possible choice of f(x) is:
(Here C is a constant of integration) [April 12, 2019 (I)] [April 09, 2019 (II)]
( x 3 + 1)2 1 1
1 x3 + 1 1
log e +C (a) sec x + tan x + (b) sec x - tan x -
(a) log e +C (b) 2 x3
2 2
2 x2 1 1
(c) sec x + x tan x - (d) x sec x + tan x +
x3 + 1 x3 + 1 2 2
(c) log e +C (d) log e +C
x x2 5x
sin
Let a Î (0, p/2) be fixed. If the integral
11.
tan x + tan a
16. ò 2x dx is equal to :
ò tan x - tan a dx = A(x) cos2a+B(x) sin2a+C, where C is
sin
2
a constant of integration, then the functions A(x) and (where c is a constant of integration.) [April 08, 2019 (I)]
B(x) are respectively : [April 12, 2019 (II)] (a) 2x + sinx + 2 sin2x + c (b) x + 2 sinx + 2 sin2x + c
(c) x + 2 sinx + sin2x + c (d) 2x + sinx + sin2x + c
(a) x + a and loge sin( x + a) 1
dx
(b) x - a and loge sin( x - a) 17. If ò 3 = xf ( x ) (1 + x ) + C , where C is a
6 3
x (1 + x 6 )2/3
(c) x - a and loge cos( x - a) constant of integration, then the function f(x) is equal to :
(d) x + a and loge sin( x - a) [April 08, 2019 (II)]
3 1 1 1
dx (a) 2 (b) – 3 (c) – 2 (d) – 3
12. If ò ( x2 - 2 x + 10) 2 x 6x 2x 2x
18. Theintegral ò cos ( log e x )dx is equal to :
æ x -1 ö ö
= A ç tan -1 çæ
f ( x)
÷+ ÷ + C where C is a (where C is a constant of integration) [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
è è 3 ø x 2 - 2 x + 10 ø
x
ésin ( log e x ) - cos ( log e x ) ùû + C
2ë
constant of integration, then : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (a)
1
(a) A = and f(x) = 3 (x – 1) (b) x éëcos ( log e x ) + sin ( log e x ) ùû + C
54
x
écos ( loge x ) + sin ( log e x )ûù + C
1
(b) A =
2ë
and f(x) = 3 (x – 1) (c)
81
1 (d) x éëcos ( log e x ) - sin ( log e x ) ùû + C
(c) A = and f(x) = 9 (x – 1)
27
3 x13 + 2 x11
(d) A =
1
and f(x) = 9 (x – 1)2
19. The integral ò (2 x 4 + 3x 2 + 1) 4 dx is equal to:
54
13. If f(x) is a non-ero polynomial of degree four, having (where C is a constant of integration) [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
local extreme points at x = –1, 0, 1; then the set
S = {x Î R : f(x) = f(0)}contains exactly: x4 x12
(a) + C (b) +C
[April 09, 2019 (I)] 6(2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1)3 6(2 x + 3 x 2 + 1)3
4
(a) four irrational numbers.
(b) four rational numbers.
x4 x12
(c) two irrational and two rational numbers. (c) + C (d) +C
(d) two irrational and one rational number. (2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1) 3 (2 x 4 + 3 x 2 + 1) 3
14. The integral ò sec 2/3 x cosec4/3 xdx is equal to:
1 - x2 m
[April 09, 2019 (I)] 20. If ò dx = A(x) æç 1 - x 2 ö÷ + C , for a suitable
x4 è ø
3
(a) –3 tan–1/3 x + C (b) – tan–4/3 x + C chosen integer m and a function A (x), where C is a constant
4
(c) –3 cot–1/3 x + C (d) 3 tan–1/3 x + C of integration, then (A(x))m equals : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(Here C is a constant of integration) -1 -1 1 1
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d)
27x 3x 27x 9x 4

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M-376 Mathematics
x +1 25. The integral

21. If ò dx = f ( x ) 2 x - 1 + C , where C is a constant
2x -1 sin 2 x cos 2 x
of integration, then f(x) is equal to: [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
ò (sin5 x + cos3 x sin 2 x + sin 3x cos2 x + cos5 x)2 dx is equal
1 2 to: [2018]
(a) ( x + 1) (b) ( x + 2) -1
3 3 1
(a) +C (b) +C
2 1 3(1 + tan 3 x) 1 + cot 3 x
(c) ( x - 4) (d) ( x + 4 )
3 3 -1 1
+C +C
p (c)
1 + cot 3 x
(d)
3(1 + tan3 x)
22. Let n ³ 2 be a natural number and 0 < q <
2 (where C is a constant of integration)
1 26. If
(sin n q + sin q) n cos q
ò
Then dq is equal to: tan x Kæ K tan x + 1 ö

sin n + 1 q ò 1 + tan x + tan 2 x dx = x - A
tan -1 ç
è A
÷ + C,
ø
[Jan 10, 2019(I)]
n +1 (C is a constant of integration), then the ordered pair
n æ 1 ö n (K, A) is euqal to [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) ç1 - ÷ +C (a) (2, 3) (b) (2, 1) (c) (– 2, 1) (d) (– 2, 3)
n 2 - 1 è sin n - 1 q ø
n +1 æ x – 4ö
æ n 1 ö 27. If f ç ÷ = 2x + 1, (x Î R = {1, – 2}), then ò f (x) dx is
è x + 2ø
n
(b) 2 ç1 - n -1 ÷
+C
n +1è sin qø equal to (where C is a constant of integration)
n +1 [Online April 15, 2018]
n æ 1 ö n
ç1 + +C (a) 12 loge |1 – x| – 3x + c
(c) ÷
n2 - 1 è sin n - 1 q ø (b) – 12 loge |1 – x| – 3x + c
n +1 (c) – 12 loge |1 – x| + 3x + c
n æ 1 ö n (d) 12 loge |1 – x| + 3x + c
(d) 2 ç1 - ÷ +C
n - 1 è sin n + 1 q ø 2x + 5 æ x +3ö
(where C is a constant of integration)
28. ò 7 - 6x - x
dx = A 7 - 6 x - x 2 + B sin -1 ç
2 è 4 ø
÷+C
23. For x2 ¹ np + 1, nÎN (the set of natural numbers), the (where C is a constant of integration), then the ordered
integral [Jan. 09, 2019(I)] pair (A, B) is equal to [Online April 15, 2018]
( ) dx
(a) (– 2, – 1) (b) (2, – 1)
2 sin ( x 2 - 1) - sin 2 x 2 - 1 (c) (– 2, 1) (d) (2, 1)
òx 2 sin ( x 2
- 1) + sin 2 ( x 2
- 1)
is equal to:
æ 3x - 4 ö 4
29. If f ç ÷ = x + 2, x ¹ - , and
è 3x + 4 ø 3
(a) log e
1
2
(
sec 2 x 2 - 1 + c ) ò f (x) dx = A log |1 – x | + Bx + C, then the ordered pair
1 (A, B) is equal to : [Online April 9, 2017]
(b) log e | sec ( x 2 - 1) | + c (where C is a constant of integration)
2
æ8 2ö æ 8 2ö
1 2 æ x -1ö
2
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç - , ÷
(c) 2 log e sec ç 2 ÷÷ + c
ç è3 3ø è 3 3ø
è ø
æ 8 2ö æ8 2ö
æ x2 - 1 ö (c) ç - , - ÷ (d) ç , - ÷
(d) log e sec çç 2 ÷÷ + c è 3 3ø è3 3ø
è ø
(where c is a constant of integration) 30. The integral ò 1 + 2 cot x(cosec x + cot x)dx
5 x8 + 7 x 6 æ pö
24. If f ( x ) = ò dx, ( x ³ 0 ) , ç 0 < x < ÷ is equal to : [Online April 8, 2017]
(x ) è 2ø
2
2
+ 1 + 2x 7
(where C is a constant of integration)
and f(0) = 0, then the value of f(1) is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
x x
1 1 (a) 2 log sin +C (b) 4 log sin +C
(a) – (b) – 2 2
2 4
x x
1 1 (c) 2 log cos +C (d) 4 log cos +C
(c) (d) 2 2
2 4

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Integrals M-377
ò f ( x)dx = y(x), then ò x

5
dx f ( x 3 )dx is equal to [2013]
31. If ò cos3 x2sin 2x
= (tan x) A + C(tan x) B + k , where k 37. If
1é 3
is a constant of integration, then A + B + C equals : (a) x y ( x 3 ) - ò x 2 y ( x3 )dx ùû + C
[Online April 9, 2016] 3ë
1 3
(a)
16
(b)
27
(c)
7
(d)
21 (b) x y ( x3 ) - 3ò x 3 y ( x 3 )dx + C
5 10 10 5 3
1 3
log(t + 1 + t 2 ) 1 (c) x y ( x3 ) - ò x 2 y ( x3 )dx + C
32. If ò dt =
2
( g (t )) 2 + C , where C is a 3
1+ t2 1é 3
(d) x y ( x 3 ) - ò x3 y ( x3 ) dx ùû + C
constant, then g(b) is equal to : 3ë
[Online April 11, 2015] 38. If the integral
1 1 cos8 x + 1
log(2 + 5) log(2 + 5)
ò cot 2 x - tan 2 x dx = A cos8 x + k ,
(a) (b)
5 2
(c) 2 log(2 + 5) (d) log(2 + 5) where k is an arbitrary constant, then A is equal to :
1
x+
33. The integral ò æç1 + x - 1 ö÷ e x dx is equal to [2014] (a) -
1
(b)
1
(c)
1
(d) -
1
è xø 16 16 8 8
1 5tan x
x+
ò tan x - 2 dx = x + a ln sin x - 2cos x + k, then a is
1 39. If the
x+
(a) ( x + 1) e x +c (b) - xe x +c
1
equal to : [2012]
1 x+
x+ (a) – 1 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) ( x - 1) e x +c (d) xe x +c
æ x 2 + sin 2 x ö
2 2 40. If f ( x ) = ò ç 2
÷ sec x dx and f (0) = 0, then f (1)
sin x cos x è 1 + x2 ø
34. The integral ò dx is equal to:
(sin )
2
3
x + cos3 x equals [Online May 19, 2012]
p
[Online April 12, 2014] (a) tan1 - (b) tan1 + 1
4
1 1 p p
+c (b) - +c (c) (d) 1 -
(1 + cot x) ( )
(a) 4 4
3
3 1 + tan 3 x
x2 - x
3 3 41. The integral of 3 w.r.t. x is
sin x
(d) -
cos x
+c x - x2 + x - 1
( )
+c
(1 + cos x)
(c)
3 3 1 + sin 3 x [Online May 12, 2012]
æ 1 - x2 ö -1
(a)
1
2
(
log x 2 + 1 + C) (b)
1
2
log x 2 - 1 + C
35. The integral ò x cos ç ÷
ç 1 + x 2 ÷ dx (x > 0) is equal to:
è ø
2
(
(c) log x + 1 + C ) 2
(d) log x - 1 + C
(a) – x + (1 + x2) tan–1 x + c 42. Let f(x) be an indefinite integral of cos3x.
(b) x – (1 + x2) cot–1 x + c Statement 1:f(x) is a periodic function of period p.
(c) – x + (1 + x2) cot–1x + c
(d) x – (1 + x2) tan– 1 x + c Statement 2: cos3x is a periodic function.
sin8 x - cos8 x
ò (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(1 - 2sin2 x cos2 x)
36. dx is equal to:
(b) Both the Statements are true, but Statement 2 is not
[Online April 9, 2014] the correct explanation of Statement 1.
(c) Both the Statements are true, and Statement 2 is correct
1 1
(a) sin 2x + c (b) - sin 2x + c explanation of Statement 1.
2 2 (d) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
1
(c) - sin x + c (d) - sin 2 x + c 43. The value of 2ò
sin xdx
is [2008]
2 æ pö
sin ç x – ÷
è 4ø

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M-378 Mathematics
æ pö Integration of the Forms: òex(f(x) +

(a) x + log | cos ç x – ÷ | + c
è 4ø f'(x))dx, òekx(df(x) + f'(x))dx,
Integration by Partial Fractions,
æ pö TOPIC n Integration of Some Special
(b) x – log | sin ç x – ÷ | + c
è 4ø Irrational Algebraic Functions,
Integration of Different
æ pö Expressions of ex
(c) x + log | sin ç x – ÷ | +c
è 4ø
2 x x
æ pö 48. The integral ò1 e . x (2 + log e x) dx equals:
(d) x – log | cos ç x - ÷ | + c
è 4ø [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(a) e (4e +1) (b) 4e2 – 1
dx
ò cos x +
44. equals [2007] (c) e (4e–1) (d) e (2e – 1)

3 sin x 49. A value of a such that
æx pö a+1
dx æ9ö
(a) log tan ç + ÷ + C
è 2 12 ø ò ( x + a)( x + a + 1)
= log e ç ÷ is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
è8ø
a
(b) log tan æç x - p ö÷ + C 1 1

è 2 12 ø (a) –2 (b) (c) - (d) 2
2 2
x p
log tan çæ + ÷ö + C
1 5 - x2
òx e dx = g ( x)e - x + c , where c is a constant of
2
(c) 50. If
2 è 2 12 ø
integration, then g(–1) is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
1 æx pö 5 1
(d) log tan ç - ÷ + C (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) - (d) -
2 è 2 12 ø 2 2
dx 1 - 4 x3
45. ò cos x - sin x is equal to [2004] 51. If òx
5 - 4 x3
e
48
dx =
e f ( x) + C, where C is a
constant of integration, then f (x) is equal to:

1 æ x 3p ö
(a) log tan ç + ÷ + C [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
2 è2 8 ø
(a) – 2x3 – 1 (b) – 4x3 – 1
(c) – 2x3 + 1 (d) 4x3 + 1
1 æ xö
(b) log cot ç ÷ + C dx
è 2ø
2 52. The integral ò is equal to :
(1 + x ) x - x 2
1 æ x 3p ö (where C is a constant of integration)
(c) log tan ç - ÷ + C
2 è2 8 ø [Online April 10, 2016]
1 æ x pö 1+ x 1- x
(d) log tan ç - ÷ + C (a) -2 +C (b) - +C
2 è 2 8ø 1- x 1+ x
sin x 1- x 1+ x
46. If ò sin( x - a) dx = Ax + B log sin( x - a), +C, then value (c) -2
1+ x
+C (d) 2
1- x
+C
of (A, B) is [2004]
dx
(a) (- cos a, sin a) (b) (cos a, sin a) 53. The integral ò x 2 (x 4 + 1)3/4 equals : [2015]
(c) (- sin a, cos a) (d) (sin a, cos a) 1

1 æ x 4 + 1ö 4
47. f(x) and g(x) are two differentiable functions on [0, 2] such (a) - (x 4 + 1) 4 +c (b) - ç 4 ÷ + c
è x ø
that f ¢¢( x ) - g ¢¢ ( x) = 0, f ¢(1) = 2 g ¢(1) = 4 f(2) = 3g(2) = 9
1
then f (x)–g(x) at x = 3/2 is [2002]
æ x 4 + 1ö 4 1
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d) 5 (c) ç 4 ÷ + c (d) (x 4 + 1) 4 + c
è x ø

www.clearjee.xyz
Integrals M-379
dx
54. The integral ò 3 5 is equal to : Evaluation of Definite Integral
TOPIC Đ by Substitution, Properties of
( x + 1) 4 (x - 2) 4 Definite Integrals
1 1
ò0 (1 - x ò0 (1 - x
1 1 50 100 50 101
60. If I1 = dx and I2 =
) ) dx such
x +1ö 4 x +1ö 4
(a) - çæ (b) 4 æç
4
÷ +C +C
3 è x - 2ø è x - 2 ÷ø that I2 = aI1 then a equals to : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
1 1 5049 5050 5050 5051
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x - 2 ö4 4 x - 2 ö4
(c) 4 çæ (d) - æç
5050 5049 5051 5050
÷ +C ÷ +C
è x +1 ø 3 è x +1 ø p/2
1
55. If m is a non-ero number and 61. The value of ò sin x
dx is: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
5m -1 4m-1 -p / 2 1 + e
+ 2x
x
ò dx = f ( x ) + c , p 3p
p
( x 2m + xm + 1)
3
(a) (b) p (c) (d)
4 2 2
then f(x) is: [Online April 19, 2014] 62. Let f ( x) =| x - 2 | and g ( x) = f ( f ( x)), x Î [0, 4].
5m 4m
x x 3
(a) (b) Then ò ( g ( x) - f ( x)) dx is equal to :
( ) ( )
2 2 [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
2m x 2m + x m + 1 2m x 2m + x m + 1 0
2m ( x 5m + x 4m ) ( x5m - x4m ) 1 3
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 2 2
( x 2m + xm + 1) 2m ( x 2m + x m + 1)
2 2 63. The integral
p /3
xdx ò tan 3 x × sin 2 3 x (2 sec 2 x × sin 2 3 x + 3 tan x × sin 6 x ) dx
56. The integral ò equals : p /6
2 - x 2 + 2 - x2 is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
7 1 1 9
(a) (b) - (c) - (d)
(a) log 1 + 2 + x 2 + c (b) - log 1 + 2 - x 2 + c 18 9 18 2
64. Let {x} and [x] denote the fractional part of x and the
greatest integer £ x respectively of a real number x. If
(c) - x log 1 - 2 - x2 + c (d) x log 1 - 2 + x + c
2
n n
x - x + 1 cot -1 x
2 -1
ò0 {x} dx, ò0 [ x] dx and 10(n2 – n), (n Î N, n > 1) are
57. If ò e dx = A( x )ecot x + C , then A(x) is three consecutive terms of a G.P., then n is equal to
x +1
2
_______________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
equal to : [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) – x (b) x (c) 1- x (d) 1+ x p
65. ò | p- | x || dx is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
dx x6 -p
58. If ò x + x7 = p( x) then, ò x + x7 dx is equal to:
[Online April 9, 2013] p2
(a) 2p2 (b) 2p2 (c) p2 (d)
(a) ln | x | – p (x) + c (b) ln | x | + p (x) + c 2
(c) x – p (x) + c (d) x + p (x) + c
1/ 2 x2 k
ïì (log x - 1) ïü
2 66. If the value of the integral ò (1 - x 2 )3/ 2
dx is , then
59. ò íï1 + (log x)2 ýï dx is equal to [2005] 0 6
î þ k is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
log x x (a) 2 3 - p (b) 2 3 + p
(a) +C (b) +C
(log x)2 + 1 x2 + 1 (c) 3 2 + p (d) 3 2 - p
x x 2
xe +C
+C
(c)
1+ x 2
(d)
(log x)2 + 1
67. The integral ò | x - 1| - x dx is equal to ________.
0
[NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]

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M-380 Mathematics
68. Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t. 75. Let f : R ® R be a continuously differentiable function
2 1
Then the value of
ò
1
| 2 x - [3x] | dx is ___________. such that f(2) = 6 and f’(2) = .
48
[NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] f ( x)
69. If for all real triplets (a, b, c), f(x) = a + bx + cx2; then If ò6 4t3dt = (x – 2) g (x), then lim g(x) is equal to :
x®2
1 [April 12, 2019 (I)]
ò f ( x ) dx is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) 18
x
(b) 24 (c) 12 (d) 36
0 cot x
ì
76. If ò02 cot x + cosec x dx = m (p + n) , then m.n is equal to :
æ 1 öü 1ì æ 1 öü
(a) 2 í3 f (1) + 2 f ç ÷ý (b) 2 í f (1) + 3 f ç 2 ÷ ý [April 12, 2019 (I)]
î è 2 øþ î è øþ
1 1
1ì æ 1 öü 1ì æ 1 öü (a) - (b) 1 (c) (d) –1
(c) 3 í f (0) + f ç 2 ÷ ý (d) 6 í f (0) + f (1) + 4 f ç 2 ÷ý 2 2

î è øþ î è øþ 2p
2p
x sin8 x
77. The value of ò éësin 2x (1 + cos3x )ùû dx , where [t] denotes
70. The value of ò sin x + cos8 x
8
dx is equal to: 0
the greatest integer function, is: [April 10, 2019 (I)]
0
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) p (b) –p (c) –2p (d) 2p
(b) 2p2 (c) p2 p/3
òp/6 sec
(a) 2p (d) 4p 78. The integral 2/3
x cos ec 4/3 x dx is equal to :
2
dx [April 10, 2019 (II)]
71. If I = ò , then: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
1 2 x - 9 x + 12 x + 4
3 2
(a) 3 - 3 5/6 2/3 (b) 3 - 31/3
4/3
1 1 1 1 (c) 37/6 - 35/6 (d) 35/3 - 31/3

(a) < I2 < (b) < I2 <
8 4 9 8 p /2
sin 3 x
1 1 1 1 79. The value of ò sin x + cos x
dx is: [April 9, 2019 (I)]
(c) < I2 < (d) < I2 < 0
16 9 6 2
p-2 p-2 p -1
72. If f (a + b + 1 – x) = f(x), for all x, where a and b are fixed (a) (b) p - 1 (c) (d)
b
8 4 4 2
1
positive real numbers, then a + b ò x(f (x) + f (x + l))dx
1
-1
The value of the integral ò x cot (1 - x + x )dx is:
2 4
a 80.
0
[April 09, 2019 (II)]
b +1 b -1
(a) òa+1 f ( x)dx (b) òa-1 f ( x)dx (a)
p 1
- loge 2 (b)
p
- loge 2
2 2 4
b -1 b +1
(c) òa-1 f ( x + 1)dx (d) òa+1 f ( x + 1)dx (c)
p
- loge 2 (d)
p 1
- loge 2
2 4 2
2
- a| x| 81. If f : R ® R is a differentiable function and f (2) = 6, then
73. The value of a for which 4a òe dx = 5 , is :
f (x)
-1 2t dt
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
lim
x ®2 ò ( x - 2) is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
6
(a) 24 f ¢ (2) (b) 2 f ¢ (2) (c) 0 (d) 12 f ¢ (2)
(b) loge æç ö÷ (c) loge (d) loge æç ö÷
3 4
(a) loge2
è 2ø 2 è 3ø 2 - x cos x
If q1 and q2 be respectively the smallest and the largest 82. If f ( x) = and g ( x) = loge x, (x > 0) then the
74. 2 + x cos x
values of q in (0,2p) – {p} which satisfy the equation,
p
q2 4
2 5
2cot q - + 4 = 0 , then
ò cos ò
2
3q dq is equal to: value of the integral g ( f ( x))dx is :
sin q
q1 p
-
4
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
[April 8, 2019 (I)]
p 2p p 1 p (a) loge3 (b) logee (c) loge2 (d) loge1
(a) (b) (c) + (d)
3 3 3 6 9

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Integrals M-381
83.
x
Let f(x) = ò g ( t ) dt , where g is a non-ero even function. If
(a) ( 0, 2 ) (b) (- 2, 0 )
0
(c) ( 2, - 2 ) (d) (- 2, 2 )
x
ò f ( t ) dt equals : [April 08, 2019 (II)]

x 1
f(x + 5) = g(x), then
0
89. If ò f (t) dt = x 2 + ò t 2 f (t) dt, then f ¢ (1/2) is:
0 x
5 x +5 [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) ò g ( t ) dt (b) ò g ( t ) dt 24 18 4 6
x +5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
25 25 5 25
x +5 5 p /2
g ( t ) dt dx
(c) 2 ò (d) 5 ò g ( t ) dt 90. The value of ò [ x ] + [sin x] + 4
, where [t] denotes the
5 x +5 - p /2
84. Let f and g be continuous functions on [0, a] such that greatest integer less than or equal to t, is:
a [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
f(x) = f(a – x) and g(x) + g(a – x) = 4, then ò f ( x ) g ( x ) dx (a)
1
(7p + 5) (b)
1
(7p - 5)
0 12 12
3 3
a a (c) (4p - 3) (d) (4p - 3)
20 10
(a) 4 ò f ( x ) dx (b) ò f ( x ) dx p
ò cos x
0 0 3
91. The value of dx is: [Jan 9, 2019 (I)]
a a 0
(c) 2 ò f ( x ) dx (d) –3ò f ( x ) dx 4 2 4
0 0 (a) 0 (b) (c) (d) -
3 3 3
eì 92. Let f be a differentiable function from R to R such that |f (x)
æ e ö üï
2x x
ïæ x ö – f (y)| £ 2|x – y|3/2, for all x, y, Î R. If f (0) = 1 then
85. The integral ò íç ÷ - ç ÷ ý loge x dx is equal to :
1îïè e ø è x ø þï 1
ò f ( x ) dx is equal to :
2
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
0
1 1 1 1 1
(a) -e- 2 (b) - + - 1
2 e 2 e 2e2 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0
2
3 1 1 3 1 p /3
- - -e- 2 tan q 1
, ( k > 0 ) then the value of k
(c) (d)
2 e 2e 2 2 2e 93. If ò
2k sec q
dq = 1 -
2
0
2
sin 2 x is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
86. The value of the integral ò é x ù 1 dx 1
-2
êë p úû + 2
(a) 4 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
(where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal p
2
to x) is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] sin 2 x
(a) 0 (b) sin 4 (c) 4 (d) 4 –sin 4 94. The value of ò dx is : [2018]
p 1+ 2
x
p /4 dx -
òp/6 sin 2 x 2
( tan5 x + cot5 x )
87. The integral equals :
p p p
(a) (b) 4p (c) (d)
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 2 4 8
x
1 æ 1 ö
tan -1 ç
1 æp -1 æ 1 ö ö
95. If f (x) = ò0 t (sin x - sin t ) dt then
(a) ÷ (b) 10 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷
20 è9 3ø è è 9 3 øø [Online April 16, 2018]
(a) f ²¢(x) + f ¢(x) = cos x – 2x sin x
p 1æp -1 æ 1 ö ö (b) f ²¢(x) + f ²(x) – f ¢(x) = cos x
(c) (d) 5 ç 4 - tan ç ÷÷ (c) f ²¢(x) – f ²(x) = cos x – 2x sin x
40 è è 3 3 øø
(d) f ²¢ (x) + f ²(x) = sin x
b
88. Let I = ò ( x 4 - 2 x 2 )dx. If I is minimum then the ordered
a
pair (a, b) is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]

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M-382 Mathematics
3p 104. For x Î R, x ¹ 0, if y(x) is a differentiable function such

x
96. The value of integral ò p
4
1 + sin x
dx is x x
4 that x ò y(t)dt = (x + 1) ò ty(t)dt , then y(x) equals :
p (where C is a constant) [Online April 10, 2016]
(a) ( 2 + 1) (b) p ( 2 - 1)
2 1 1 1
1 C - C -x C -
(c) 2p ( 2 - 1) (d) p 2 (a) (b) e x (c) e (d) e x
Cx 3e x x2 x x3
1 -x 1 - x2 1 - x3
97. If I1 = ò e cos2 x dx; I2 = ò e cos2 x dx and I3 = ò e 105. The value of the integral
0 0 0
10
dx; then [Online April 15, 2018] [x 2 ]dx
(a) I2 > I3 > I1 (b) I3 > I1 > I2 ò é x 2 - 28x + 196ù + [x 2 ] , where [x]
4 ë û
(c) I2 > I1 > I3 (d) I3 > I2 > I1
p denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is :

æ æ 2 + sin x ö ö
ò–2p sin
4
x çç1 + log ç [Online April 10, 2016]
98. The value of the integral ÷ ÷÷ dx
2 è è 2 – sin x ø ø 1
(a) (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 3
is [Online April 15, 2018] 3
-1
1 -1 1
106. If 2 ò tan xdx = ò cot (1 - x + x )dx , then
3 3 3 2
(a) p (b) 0 (c) p (d) 0 0
16 8 4
1 -1
3p
4
ò0 tan (1 - x + x 2 )dx is equal to :
dx
99. The integral ò 1 + cos x is equal to : [2017] [Online April 9, 2016]
p p
(a) + log 2 (b) log2
4 2
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 2 (d) 4 p
(c) - log 4 (d) log4
ò tan
n
100. Let In = x dx,(n > 1) . I4 + I6 = a tan5x + bx5 + C, 2
where C is constant of integration, then the ordered pair 107. The integral [2015]
(a, b) is equal to : [2017] 4
log x 2
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ1 ö æ1 ö ò log x 2 + log(36 - 12 x + x 2 ) dx is equal to :

(a) çè - , 0÷ø (b) çè - ,1÷ø (c) çè , 0÷ø (d) çè , -1÷ø 2
5 5 5 5 (a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 4
2 108. Let f : R ® R be a function such that
dx k
101. If ò 3
=
k +5
then k is equal to : f(2 – x) = f(2 + x) and f(4 – x) = f(4 + x), for all xÎR and
1 2 2
( x - 2 x + 4) 2 50
[Online April 9, 2017] ò f (x) dx = 5. Then the value of ò10 f (x) dx is :
0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
p (a) 125 (b) 80 (c) 100 (d) 200
8cos 2x
102. The integral ò 4
p
(tan x + cot x)3
dx equals : 109. Let f : (–1, 1) ® R be a continuous function. If
sin x
12 3 æ 3ö
[Online April 8, 2017] ò f (t ) dt =
2
x, then f ç
ç 2 ÷÷ is equal to :
0 è ø
15 15 13 15
(a) (b) (c) (d) [Online April 11, 2015]
128 64 32 256
1 3 3
2x12 + 5x 9 (a) (b) (c) (d) 3
103. The integral ò dx is equal to : [2016] 2 2 2
(x )
5 3
+ x3 + 1 x
dt. Then f (x) + f æç ö÷ is equal to:
log t 1
5 10
110. For x > 0, let f (x) = ò 1+ t è xø
x -x 1
(a) +C (b) +C
( ) ( )
2 x5 + x3 +1 2 x5 + x3 +1
1
5 10
(a) ( log x ) 2 (b) log x
-x x 4
(c) +C (d) +C
( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
x5 + x3 +1 2 x5 + x3 +1 (c) ( log x ) 2 (d) log x 2
2 4

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Integrals M-383
p (a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± 3 (d) ± 4

x x
111. The integral ò 1 + 4sin 2
2
- 4sin dx equals:
2
[2014] 118. Statement-1 : The value of the integral
p /3
0 dx
p ò is equal to p/6
(a) 4 3 - 4 (b) 4 3 - 4 - p / 6 1 + tan x
3
b b
2p
(c) p - 4 (d)
3
- 4-4 3 Statement-2 : ò f ( x )dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx. [2013]
a a
x t
e (a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
112. Let function F be defined as F(x) = ò dt, x > 0 then the
t is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
1 (b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
x t
e is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
value of the integral ò t + a dt, where a > 0, is: (c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
1 (d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.

p
(a) e éë F ( x ) - F (1 + a ) ùû
a 119. For 0 £ x £ , the value of
2
(b) e -a éë F ( x + a ) - F ( a ) ùû sin 2 x cos 2 x
-1
ò sin ( t )dt + ò cos -1 ( t ) dt equals :
(c) ea éë F ( x + a ) - F (1 + a ) ùû 0 0
-a [Online April 25, 2013]

(d) e éëF ( x + a ) - F (1 + a ) ùû
p p
t
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) -
4 4
113. If for a continuous function f(x), ò ( f ( x ) + x ) dx = p2 – p/2
sin 2 x
-p
120. The value of ò dx is :
-p / 2 1 + 2
x
æ pö
t2, for all t ³ – p, then f ç - ÷ is equal to: [Online April 23, 2013]
è 3ø
[Online April 12, 2014] p p
(a) p (b) (c) 4p (d)
p p p 2 4
(a) p (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 7p / 3
114. If [ ] denotes the greatest integer function, then the integral
p
121. The integral ò tan 2 x dx is equal to :
7p / 4
ò [ cos x ] dx is equal to: [Online April 12, 2014] [Online April 22, 2013]
0
(a) log 2 2 (b) log 2
p p
(a) (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) - (c) 2 log 2 (d) log 2
2 2
y
e dt d2y
115. If for n ³ 1, Pn = ò ( log x )n dx , then P10 – 90P8 is equal to: 122. If x = ò , then is equal to :
0 1+ t2 dx 2
1
[Online April 11, 2014] [Online April 9, 2013]
(a) – 9 (b) 10e (c) – 9 e (d) 10
(a) y (b) 1+ y 2
1
2 ln
(1 + 2x ) x
(d) y 2
116. The integral ò 1 + 4x 2
dx , equals: (c)
1+ y 2
0
[Online April 9, 2014] x
p
ln2 (b)
p
ln2
p
ln2 (d)
p
ln2
ò
123. If g (x) = cos 4t dt , then g (x + p) equals [2012]
(a) (c) 0
4 8 16 32
g ( x)
117. The intercepts on x-axis made by tangents to the curve, (a) (b) g (x) + g (p)
x
g ( p)
y= ò t dt , x Î R, which are parallel to the line y = 2x, are (c) g (x) – g (p) (d) g (x) . g (p)
0
equal to : [2013]

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M-384 Mathematics
124. If [x] is the greatest integer £ x, then the value of the integral 2 2
(a) I > and J > 2 (b) I < and J < 2
0.9 æ 2 æ 2 - xöö
ò ç éë x ùû + log ç
3 3
è 2 + x ÷ø ÷ø
dx is [Online May 26, 2012]
-0.9 è 2 2
(a) 0.486 (b) 0.243 (c) 1.8 (d) 0 (c) I < and J > 2 (d) I > and J < 2
3 3
0.9 133. The solution for x of the equation
125. The value of the integral ò éë x - 2 [ x ]ûù dx , x
dt p
0
ò 2
=
2
is [2007]
where [.] denotes the greatest integer function is 2 t t -1
(a) 0.9 (b) 1.8 (c) – 0.9 (d) 0 3
(a) (b) 2 2
d e tan x 2
126. If G( x ) = , x Î (0, p 2), then (c) 2 (d) None of these
dx x
x
134. Let F(x) = f (x) + f æç ö÷ ,where f ( x) = ò
12 2 tan(p x 2 ) 1 log t
dt , Then
ò .e dx is equal to [Online May 12, 2012] è xø 1+ t
14 x l
F(e) equals [2007]
(a) G (p 4) - G (p 16) (b) 2[G (p 4) - G(p 16)] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 0,
(c) p[G (1 2) - G (1 4)] (d) G (1 2) - G(1 2) a
135. The value of ò [ x ] f '( x )dx , a > 1 where [x] denotes the
x x2
127. If ò t f ( t ) dt = sin x - x cos x - , for all x Î R - { 0} , 1
e 2 greatest integer not exceeding x is [2006]
æ pö (a) af (a) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ([ a])}
then the value of f ç ÷ is [Online May 7, 2012]
è 6ø (b) [a ] f (a) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ([a ])}
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) – 1/2 (c) [a ] f ([a ]) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ( a)}
128. Let [.] denote the greatest integer function then the value
1.5
(d) af ([ a]) - { f (1) + f (2) + .............. f ( a )}
of ò x éë x 2 ùû dx is :. [2011 RS] p
-
0 2
(a) 0 (b)
3
(c)
3
(d)
5 136. ò [( x + p )3 + cos 2 ( x + 3p )]dx is equal to [2006]
2 4 4 3p
-
1 2
8log(1 + x)
129. The value of
1+ x2
ò dx is [2011] p4 p4 p p p
0 (a) (b) + (c) (d) -1
p p 32 32 2 2 4
(a) log 2 (b) log 2 (c) log 2 (d) p log 2
8 2 p
130. Let p(x) be a function defin ed on R such that
p¢(x) = p¢(1 – x), for all x Î [0, 1], p (0) = 1 and p (1) = 41.
137. ò xf (sin x)dx is equal to [2006]
0
1
Then ò p( x) dx equals [2010] p p
0 (a) p ò f (cos x )dx (b) p ò f (sin x )dx
0 0
(a) 21 (b) 41 (c) 42 (d) 41
p p /2 p /2
ò [cot x] dx , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer (c) p (d) p ò
131.
2 ò f (sin x)dx f (cos x )dx
0 0 0
function, is equal to : [2009]
p p 6
x
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) - (d) I =ò
138. The value of integral, dx is [2006]
2 2
3
9- x + x
1 1
sin x cos x
132. Let I = ò dx and J = ò dx. Then which one of (a)
1
(b)
3
(c) 2 (d) 1
0
x 0
x 2 2
the following is true? [2008]

www.clearjee.xyz
Integrals M-385
p 147. Let f(x) be a function satisfying f '(x) = f(x) with

cos 2 x
ò
139. The value of dx , a > 0, is [2005] f(0)=1 and g(x) be a function that satisfies
- p 1+ a
x
f(x) + g(x) = x 2 . Then the value of the integral
p p 1
(a) a p (b) (c) (d) 2p ò f ( x ) g ( x ) dx, is [2003]
2 a 0
1
2
1
3 2 e2 5 e2 5
(a) e + + (b) e - -
ò 2 dx , I3 =
2
140. If I1 = ò 2 dx , I 2 = ò 2 dx and
x x x
2 2 2 2
0 0 1
e2 3 e2 3
2 (c) e + - (d) e - - .
3 2 2 2 2
I 4 = ò 2 dx then
x
[2005] b
1 148. If f (a + b - x) = f ( x) then ò xf ( x )dx is equal to [2003]
a
(a) I 2 > I1 (b) I1 > I 2 (c) I3 = I 4 (d) I3 > I 4
141. Let f : R ® R be a differentiable function having f (2) = 6, a+b
b
a+b b
f ( x) 3
(a)
2 ò f (a + b + x )dx (b)
2 a
ò f (b - x)dx
æ 1 ö 4t
ò
a
f '(2) = ç ÷ . Then lim dt equals [2005]
è 48 ø x®2 x-2
6 a+b b b-a b
(c) ò f ( x)dx (d) ò f ( x )dx .
(a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 12 (d) 18 2 a 2 a
x f ( a)
e x2
142. If f ( x) =
1+ e x
, I1 = ò xg{x (1 - x )}dx 2
ò sec tdt
f (-a ) 0
149. The value of lim is [2003]
f ( a) x ®0 x sin x
and I 2 = ò g{x (1 - x )}dx, (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
f (-a ) 150. If f ( y ) = e y , g ( y ) = y; y > 0 and
I2 t
then the value of
I1
is [2004] F (t ) = ò f (t - y ) g ( y ) dy , then [2003]
0
(a) 1 (b) –3 (c) –1 (d) 2
p p/2 (a) F (t ) = te -t (b) F (t ) = 1 - te -t (1 + t )
143. If ò xf (sin x)dx = A ò f (sin x )dx, then A is [2004]
(c) F (t ) = e t - (1 + t ) (d) F (t ) = tet .
0 0
p p 2 x (1 + sin x )
(a) 2p (b) p
ò
(c) (d) 0
4 151. dx is [2002]
-p 1 + cos 2 x
p/2
(sin x + cos x )2
144. The value of I = ò 1 + sin 2 x
dx is [2004]
(a)
p2
(b) p 2 (c) ero (d)
p
0 2
4
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
2
ò [x
3 2
152. ]dx is [2002]
ò |1- x
145. The value of 2
|dx is [2004]
0
-2
1 14 7 28 (a) 2 – 2 (b) 2 + 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3 (c) 2 –1 (d) - 2 - 3 + 5
1 p/4
146. The value of the integral I = ò x(1 - x ) n dx is [2003] 153. I n = ò tan n x dx then lim n[ I n + I n + 2 ] equals
n®¥
[2002]
0 0
1 1 1
(a) + (b) (a) 1 (b) 1 (c) ¥ (d) ero
n +1 n + 2 n +1
2
1 1 1 10 p
-
(c)
n+2
(d)
n +1 n + 2
. 154. ò0 | sin x | dx is [2002]
(a) 20 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 18

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M-386 Mathematics
1
Reduction Formulae for Definite
Integration, Gamma & Beta æ ( n + 1) (n + 2)...3n ö n
159. lim ç ÷ is equal to: [2016]
TOPIC Ė Function, Walli's Formula, n ®¥ è n 2n ø
Summation of Series by
Integration 9
(a) (b) 3 log 3 – 2
e2
155. Let a function f : [0, 5] ® R be continuous, f (1) = 3 and
F be defined as: 18 27
(c) 4 (d)
x x e e2
F(x) = òt
2
g (t )dt , where g(t) = ò f (u )du 160. f ( x ) = ò
dx
is a polynomial of degree
1
1
sin 6 x
Then for the function F, the point x = 1 is :
[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] [Online May 26, 2012]
(a) 5 in cot x (b) 5 in tan x

(a) a point of local minima.
(c) 3 in tan x (d) 3 in cot x
(b) not a critical point.
é1 1 2 4 1 ù
(c) a point of local maxima. 161. nLim ê sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 ............ + sec 2 1ú
®¥ ë n2 n n n n û
(d) a point of inflection.
equals [2005]
æ (n + 1)1/3 (n + 2)1/3 (2n)1/3 ö 1 1
lim ç
156. n ®¥ ç + + ..... + ÷ is equal to : (a) sec 1 (b) cosec 1
è n
4/3
n 4/3 n 4/3 ÷ø 2 2
[April 10, 2019 (I)] 1
(c) tan 1 (d) tan 1
3 4/3 3 4 4/3 2
(a) (2) - (b) (2)
4 4 3 n r
1
(c)
3 4/3 4
(2) - (d)
4 3/4
(2) 162.
Lim
n®¥ å n e n is [2004]
2 3 3 r =1
(a) e + 1 (b) e – 1 (c) 1 – e (d) e
æ n n n 1 ö
157. lim ç 2 2 + 2 2
+
2 2
+ ..... + ÷ is equal 1 + 24 + 34 + ...n 4 1 + 23 + 33 + ...n3
n ®¥ è n + 1 n +2 n +3 5n ø 163. lim - lim [2003]
5
to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] n®¥ n n®¥ n5
p p 1 1 1
(a) (b) tan–1(3) (c) (d) tan–1(2) (a) (b) (c) Zero (d)
4 2 5 30 4
1a + 2a + ......... + na 1 1 p + 2 p + 3 p + ..... + n p
158. If lim = 164. lim is [2002]
n ®¥ ( n + 1)a -1 [ (na + 2) + .....(na + n) ] 60 n ®¥ n p +1
for some positive real number a, then a is equal to : 1 1
[Online April 9, 2017] (a) (b)
p +1 1- p
15 17
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) (d) 1 1 1
2 2 (c) - (d)
p p -1 p+2

www.clearjee.xyz
Integrals M-387
1. (Bonus)
x2
1
sin( x - 1) 4
4. (a)
ò ( x sin x + cos x) 2 dx
lim 2
x ®1 ( x - 1) sin( x - 1)
d
Let x – 1 = h when x ® 1 then h ® 0 Q ( x sin x + cos x ) = x cos x
dx
sin h4 h æ x ö
lim ´ ´ h2 = 1 ´ 1 ´ 0 = 0 =ò
x cos x
h® 0 h4 ç ÷ dx
sin h ( x sin x + cos x ) 2 è cos x ø
II I
(No any option is correct)
+ e- x ) x é -1 ù
ò (e
x
2. (d) 2x
+ 2e x - e - x - 1) × e( e dx =
cos x êë x sin x + cos x úû
+ e- x ) + e- x )
I = ò ( e 2 x + e x - 1) × e( e dx + ò ( e x - e - x ) e( e
x x
dx x sin x + cos x é -1 ù
-ò ê dx
+ e- x ) + e- x )
2
cos x ë x sin x + cos x úû
= ò e x (e x + 1 - e - x ) × e (e
x x
dx + e( e
x é -1 ù
cos x êë x sin x + cos x úû ò
(e x + e- x + x ) (ex + e- x )
= + sec2 x dx
= ò (e - e x -x
+ 1)e dx + e
Let e x + e - x + x = t Þ (e x + e - x + 1)dx = dt - x sec x

= + tan x + C
x sin x + cos x
+ e- x ) + e- x )
= ò et dt + e (e
x x
= et + e (e +C
x
x
+e -x
+ x) x
+e -x
5. (d) ò (1 + x)2 dx ( x > 0)
= e( e + e(e )
+C
Put x = tan 2 q Þ 2 x dx = 2 tan q sec 2 q d q
x
+ e- x )
= (e x + 1). e(e +C
So, g (x) = 1 + ex and g (0) = 2 2 tan 2 q × sec 2 q
I =ò d q = ò 2sin 2 qd q
3. (d) Let sin q = t Þ cos q d q = dt sec 4 q
sin 2q
cos q = q- +C
ò 5 + 7 sin q - 2 cos
dt
dq = 2
2
q 5 + 7t - 2 + 2t 2
1 2 tan q
1 Þ f ( x) = q - ´ +C
t+ 2 1 + tan 2 q
1 dt 1
Þ ò = ln
2 æ 7 ö2 æ 5 ö2 5 t + 3
2 +C
tan q x
çt + ÷ -ç ÷ f ( x) = q - + C = tan -1 x - +C
è 4ø è4ø 1 + tan 2 q 1+ x
1 2t + 1 1 2sin q + 1 3 1
= ln + C = ln +C Now f (3) - f (1) = tan -1 ( 3) - - tan -1 (1) +
5 t +3 5 sin q + 3 1+ 3 2
2sin q + 1 1 p 1 3
\ B (q ) = and A = = + -
2(sin q + 3) 5 12 2 4
B(q) 5(2sin q + 1) æ x ö
Þ =
ò
(a) I = sin -1 ç
ò
-1
ç 1 + x ÷÷ dx = tan x × 1 dx
A (sin q + 3) 6.
è ø
I II

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M-388 Mathematics
1 1 cos x dx
= x tan -1 x - ò ×
1+ x 2 x
.x dx + C 9. (d) Let I = ò sin 3 x(1 + sin6 x)2 3
1 t × 2t dt = f (x) (1 + sin6x)1/l + c ...(i)
= x tan -1
x- ò +C If sin x = t
2 1+ t 2
then, cos x dx = dt
(Put x = t 2 Þ dx = 2t dt ) dt dt
I =ò 2
=ò 2
( )
2
t
= x tan -1 x - ò dt + C t3 1 + t 6 3 7æ 1 ö3
1+ t2 t ç1 + 6 ÷
è t ø
= x tan -1 x - t + tan -1 t + C
1 dt -1 2
= x tan -1 x - x + tan -1 x + C Put 1 + = r3 Þ = r dr
t6 t7 2
= ( x + 1) tan -1 x - x + C
1 r 2 dr 1
2 ò r2
- =- r +c
Þ A( x) = x + 1 Þ B( x) = - x 2
dx 1
7. (a) I = ò 1 æ sin 6 x + 1 ö 3
1
( x + 4)8/7 ( x - 3)6/7 =- ç ÷ +c =-
1
(1 + sin 6 x ) 3 + c
2 çè sin 6 x ÷ø 2sin 2 x
-6
æ x-3ö 1
= òç
7
÷ dx 1
è x+4ø ( x + 4)2 f(x) = – cosec2x and l = 3 [from eqn. (i)]
2
x-3 7 æpö
Let =t , \ lf ç ÷ = -2
x+4 è3ø
Differentiate on both sides, we get
(2 x 3 - 1)dx (2 x - x -2 )dx
7
2
dx = 7t 6dt 10. (c) Given integral, I = ò x +x4
=ò
x 2 + x -1
( x + 4)
Put x2 + x–1 = u Þ (2x – x–2)dx = du
1
x - 3 ö7 du
Hence, I = ò t -6t 6 dt = t + C = çæ ÷ +C Þ I= òu = log | u | + c = log| x2 + x–1 | + c
è x+4ø
dq x3 + 1
8. (c) I = ò = log +c
cos 2 q(tan 2q + sec 2q) x
11. (b) Given integral
sec2 q
=ò dq
1 + tan 2 q 2 tan q tan x + tan a sin( x + a )
2
1 - tan q 1 - tan q
+ 2 ò tan x - tan adx = ò sin( x - a) dx
Let x – a = t Þ dx = dt
sec 2 q(1 - tan 2 q)
=ò dq sin(t + 2a)
(1 + tan q)2 = ò sin t
dt = ò [cos 2a + sin 2a. cot t ]dt
sec 2 q(1 - tan q)

=ò dq = cos 2a . t + sin 2a . log | sin t | + c
1 + tan q
Let tanq = t Þ sec2q dq = dt, then = (x – a) . cos 2a + sin 2a . log | sin (x – a) | + c
æ 1- t ö æ 2 ö dx dx
I = òç ÷ dt = ò ç -1 +
1 + t ÷ø
dt 12. (a) Let I = ò ( x2 - 2 x + 10)2 = ò (( x - 1)2 + 9) 2
è 1+ t ø è
= – t + 2 log (1 + t) + C Let (x – 1)2 = 9 tan2 q ...(i)
= – tanq + 2 log (1 + tanq) + C
x -1
Hence, by comparison l = – 1 and f (x) = 1 + tanq Þ tan q =
3

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Integrals M-389
After differentiating equation ...(i), we get 15. (a) Given,
(sec x tan x f ( x ) + (sec x + tan x + sec x )) dx

2 (x – 1) dx = 18 tan q sec2q dq
òe
sec x 2
18tan q sec2 qd q
\ I= ò 2 ´ 3tan q ´ 81sec4 q
= esec x f ( x ) + C ...(i)
1 1 1
I=
27 ò cos 2 qd q =
27 2 ò
´ (1 + cos 2q)d q
Q òe ( )
g x
( ( g ' ( x ) f ( x ) ) + f '( x ) ) dx = e g ( x ) ´ f ( x ) + C
1 ì sin 2q ü Our comparing above equation by equation (i),
I= íq + ý+c
54 î 2 þ
é
(
f ( x ) = ò ( sec x tan x ) + sec 2 x dx )
æ x -1 ö ù
ê 2ç ÷ ú \ f (x) = sec x + tan x + C
1 ê -1 æ x - 1 ö 1
+ ´ è
3 ø ú
tan ç ÷ +c
I = 54 ê è 3 ø 2 2ú
æ x -1 ö ú æ 5x ö
ê 1+ ç ÷ sin ç ÷ x
2cos .sin
5x
ëê è 3 ø ûú è 2 ø dx
(c) ò ò 2 2 dx
16. æxö = x x
1 é -1 æ x - 1 ö 3( x - 1) ù sin ç ÷ 2cos .sin
I = 54 ê tan ç 3 ÷ + 2 ú+c è 2ø 2 2
ë è ø x - 2 x + 10 û
é -1 æ x - 1 ö ù sin 3 x + sin 2 x
Compare it with A ê tan ç ÷+ 2
f ( x)
ú+c,
= ò sin x
dx
ë è b ø x - 2 x + 10 û
1
we get: A = and f (x) = 3 (x – 1) = ò (3 - 4sin 2 x + 2cos x)dx
54
13. (d) Since, function f(x) have local extreem points at [Qsin 2x = 2 sin x cos x and sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3x]
x = –1, 0, 1. Then
f(x) = K (x + 1) x (x – 1) = ò (3 - 2(1 - cos 2 x ) + 2cos x) dx
= K (x3 – x)
= ò (1 + 2 cos x + 2cos 2 x ) dx
æ x4 x 2 ö
Þ f(x) = K çç 4 - 2 ÷÷ + C (using integration) = x + 2 sin x + sin 2x + c
è ø
Þ f(0) = C dx dx
æx
17. (d) Let, ò 2
=ò 2
x ö
4 2
Q f(x) = f(0) Þ K çç 4 - 2 ÷÷ = 0 x3 (1 + x6 ) 3 x 7 (1 + x -6 ) 3
è ø
dx æ 1 ö 2
x2 æ x2 ö Put 1 + x–6 = t3 Þ – 6–7 dx = 3t2 dt Þ 7 = ç - ÷ t dt
Þ 2 çç 2 - 1÷÷ = 0 Þ x = 0,0, 2, - 2 x è 2ø
è ø
2
æ 1 ö t dt 1
\ S = {0, - 2, 2} Now, I = ò ç - ÷ 2 = - t + C
è 2 ø t 2
2 4
14.
ò
(a) I = sec 3 x.cosec 3 dx
1
6 3
1
= - (1 + x -6 ) 3 + C = - 1 (1 + x ) + C
1
sec 2 xdx
I=ò 4
2 2 x 2
tan 3 x 1
1
=- x(1 + +C
Put tan x = 6 3
x )
Þ sec2 x dx = d 2 x3
-1 1
-
4
z3
-1 Hence, f (x) = -
Þ I =òz 3 × dz = + C Þ I = -3(tan x ) 3 + C 2x3
æ -1 ö
ç ÷
è 3 ø

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M-390 Mathematics
(c) Let the integral, I = ò cos(ln x) dx

3
18. 1æ 1 ö2
= - ç 2 - 1÷ + C
- sin(ln x ) 3è x ø
Þ I = cos(ln x ).x - ò .x dx 3
x 1 1
= - × 3 × (1 - x 2 ) 2 + C
= x cos(ln x) + ò sin(ln x)dx 3 x
-1
( )
3
cos(ln x ) = 1 - x2 + C
= x cos (ln x) + sin(ln x).x – ò .x dx 3x 3
x
Compare both sides,
= x cos(ln x) + sin(ln x) . x – I
1
Þ 2I = x(cos (ln x) + sin (ln x)) + C Þ A(x) = - and m = 3
3x3
x -1
Þ I= [cos (ln x) + sin (ln x )] + C Þ (A(x))3 =
2 27x 9
3x13 + 2 x11 x +1
3x13 + 2 x11 ò dx 21. (c) Let I = ò dx
(b) I = ò
4
19. dx = æ 3 1ö 2x – 1
(2 x4 + 3x2 + 1) 4 x16 ç 2 + 2 + 4 ÷
è x x ø
Put 2 x -1 = t
3 2
+ \ 2x – 1 = t2 Þ dx = tdt
x3 x5
ò
I= æ 3 1ö
4
dx
(t 2 + 3) t 3 3t
çè 2 + 2 + 4 ÷ø
x x
I= ò 2
dt = + + C
6 2
3
3 1 æ 3 2ö 1
Let 2 + + 4 = t, -2 ç 3 + 5 ÷ dx = dt 2
= (2 x –1) + 3 (2 x –1) 2 + C
x 2
x èx x ø
6 2
-
dt æ x + 4ö
-4+1 = 2 x –1 çè ÷ +C
2 = -1 t 3 ø
Then, I =
ò t4 2 -4 + 1
+C
= f (x). 2 x –1 + C
-1 1 1 x+4
I= ´ +C Hence, f (x) =
2 (-3) æ 3 1ö
3
3
çè 2 + 2 + 4 ÷ø
x x 1
(a) Let, I = ò (sin q - sin q) cos qd q

n n
1 x12 22.
n+1
I= +C sin q
6 (2 x4 + 3x 2 + 1)3
Let sin q = u
( 1- x ) 1- x Þ cos q dq = du
m 2
20. (a) A( x)
2
+C =ò dx
x4 1
\ I = ò (u - u) du
n n
1
-1 u n +1
x2
=
ò x3
dx
1
æ 1 ön
ç1 -
1 1
- 1 = u2 ÷
= è u n -1 ø = u - n (1 - u1-n ) n du
du ò
Let
x2 ò un
2 2u du
Þ - = Let 1 – u1 – n = v
x3 dx
Þ –(1 – n)u–n du = dv
dx
= –u du dv
x3 Þ u–n du =
m
n -1
3
A( x) æç 1 - x 2 ö÷ + C = ò (-u 2 )du = - + C
u
è ø 3

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Integrals M-391
25. (a) Let I

1
+1
1 1 vn sin2 xcos2 x
dv × =ò dx
\ I=ò vn × = n -1 1 (sin5x+ cos3xsin2x+ sin3xcos 2 x + cos5x)2
n -1 +1
n
sin 2 x cos2 x
n +1 =ò dx
n
n +1
æ n 1 ö n [(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)(sin 3 x + cos3 x)]2
= 2 v n +C = ç1 - ÷ +C
n -1 n2 - 1 è u n -1 ø sin 2 x cos 2 x tan 2 x × sec 2 x
=ò dx = ò dx
3 3 2
n+1 (sin x + cos x) (1 + tan 3x) 2
n æ 1 ö n
= ç1 - n-1 ø÷
è
+C Now, put (1 + tan3x) = t
n -1
2
sin q Þ 3 tan2x sec2x dx = dt
23. (c, d ) Consider the given integral 1 dt 1 -1

\ I= ò
3 t 2
=- + C =
3t 3(1 + tan3 x)
+C
2sin( x 2 - 1) - 2sin( x 2 - 1)cos( x 2 - 1)
I=ò x dx tan x
2sin( x 2 - 1) + 2sin(x 2 - 1)cos( x 2 - 1) 26. (a) Let I = ò 1 + tan x + tan 2 x dx
(\ sin 2 q = 2sin q cos q)
tan x + 1 + tan 2 x (1 + tan 2 x)
1 - cos( x - 1)
2 ÞI= ò tan x + 1 + tan 2 x
dx - ò 1 + tan x + tan 2 x
Þ I=ò x dx
1 + cos( x 2 - 1)
sec2 xdx
ÞI= x-ò
æ x - 1ö 2
1 + tan x + tan 2 x
Þ I = ò x tan ç 2 ÷ dx ,
è ø Put tan x = t Þ sec2 x . dx = dt
dt
x2 - 1 2x \I= x-ò
Now let =t Þ dx = dt 1
t2 + t + +1 -
1
2 2
4 4
\ I = ò | tan(t ) | dt = ln | sec t | + C
dt
= x-ò 2
æ 1ö æ 3ö
2
æ x 2 - 1ö 1 2 æ x - 1ö
2
or I = ln sec ç 2 ÷ + c = 2 ln sec ç 2 ÷ + c ç t + ÷ + çç ÷
è ø è ø è 2 ø è 2 ÷ø
5 x8 + 7 x 6 æ 1ö
24. (a) f(x) = ò dx, x ³ 0
2 çt + ÷
( x 2 + 1 + 2 x7 )2 ÞI= x- -1
tan ç 2 ÷+C
3 ç 3 ÷
ç ÷
5 x8 + 7 x 6 è 2 ø
= ò 14 -5 dx
x ( x + x -7 + 2)2
2 æ 2 tan x + 1 ö
ÞI= x- tan -1 ç ÷+C
-6 -8
5x + 7 x 3 è 3 ø
=ò dx
(2 + x -7 + x -5 )2 \ A = 3 and K = 2
Let 2 + x–7 + x–5 = t x–4
27. (b) Suppose, = y Þ x – 4 = y (x + 2)
Þ (–7x–8 – 5x–6)dx = dt x+2
- dt 2y + 4
Þ f(x) = ò = ò - t -2 dt = t -1 + c Þ x (1 – y) = 2y + 4 Þ x =
t2 1– y
1
Þ f(x) = + c, f (0) = 0 Þ c = 0 æ 2y + 4 ö
2 + x -7 + x -5 So, f (y) = 2 ç ÷ +1
è 1– y ø
1
\ f(1) =
4 æ 2x + 4 ö 3x + 9
Now, f (x) = 2 ç ÷ +1 =
è 1 – x ø 1– x

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M-392 Mathematics
3 ( x + 3) 3 (x –1 + 4) 12
= = – 3+ 1 + 2cos x + cos2 x
ò
= Þ I= . dx
1– x 1– x 1– x
sin x
\ ò f (x) dx = – 12 loge |1 – x| – 3x + c
1 + cos x
28. (a) Q 7 – 6x – x2 = 16 – (x + 3)2 Þ I = ò sin x
. dx
d
and (7 – 6x – x2) = – 2x – 6
dx Þ I = ò cosec x + cot x . dx
2x + 5 2x + 6 Þ I = log cosec x - cot x + log sin x + C
So, ò 7 - 6x - x 2
dx = ò
7 - 6x - x2
dx
Þ I = log 1 - cos x + C
1
-ò dx
x
16 - ( x + 3)2 Þ I = log 2sin 2 +C
2
æ x+3ö
= -2 7 - 6 x - x 2 - sin -1 ç ÷+C x
è 4 ø Þ I = log sin 2 + log 2 + C
2
Therefore, A = – 2, & B = – 1.
x
3x - 4 ö Þ I = 2log sin + C1
(b) f çæ
4
29. ÷ = x + 2, x ¹ - 2
è 3x + 4 ø 3
dx dx
Consider
3x - 4
=t 31. (a) ò cos3 x
4sin x cos x
= ò 2 cos4 x tan x
3x + 4
Þ 3x - 4 = 3tx + 4t Let tan x = t2 Þ sec2 x = 1 + t4
sec2 x dx = 2t dt
4t + 4
Þ x= +2
3 - 3t sec 4 x dx sec 2 x (sec2 x dx )
10 - 2t
= ò2 tan x
= ò 2 tan x
Þ f (t) =
3 - 3t
(1 + t 4 )2t dt t5
2x - 10
= ò = ò (1 + t 4 ) dt = t + + k
Þ f (x) =
2t 5
3x - 3
1
2x - 10 = tan x + tan 5 / 2 x + k ét = tan x ù
ë û
\ ò f ( x ) dx = ò 3x - 3 dx 5
1 5 1
2x dx A= ,B= ,C=
= ò dx - 10ò 2 2 5
3x - 3 3x - 3
16
2 x -1 2 dx 10 dx A+B+C=
= ò dx + ò
3 x - 1 3 ò x -1
- 5
3 x -1
log(t + 1 + t 2 )
=
2x 8
- ln ( x - 1) + C 32. (d) Let I = ò dt
3 3 1 + t2
8
Here, A = - , B =
2 put u = log(t + 1 + t 2 )
3 3
é t + 1+ t2 ù 1
æ 8 2ö 1
.ê ú = dt
\ (A, B) = ç - , ÷ du =
è 3 3ø t + 1 + t 2 êë 1 + t 2 úû 1+ t2
30. (a) Let, I = ò 1 + 2 cot x cosec x + 2 cot 2 x . dx u2

\ I = ò u du = +c
2
sin 2 x + 2cos x + 2cos2 x
Þ I= ò sin 2 x
. dx
Since, I =
1
[g(t)]2 + c
2

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Integrals M-393
\ g(t) = log (t + 1 + t 2 ) -1
æ 1 - x2 ö
Put t = 2
35. (a) Let I = ò x cos ç ÷ dx
è 1 + x2 ø
g (b) = log (2 + 5) -1
\I=2 ò IIx .tanI x dx
æ 1ö x+ 1
33. (d) Let I = ò ç1 + x - ÷ e x dx Applying Integration by parts
è xø
é æ d ö ù
I = 2 ê tan -1 x ò xdx - ò ç (tan -1 x÷ ò xdx)dx ú
x+ 1 x æ 1 ö x+ 1 ë è dx ø û
= òe dx + ò ç x - ÷ e x dx
è xø éx 2 2 ù
-1 1 x
æ 1 ö x+ 1 æ 1 ö x+ 1 I = 2 ê tan x - ò ´ dx ú + c
x+ 1 x - ò x ç 1 - ÷ e x dx + ò ç x - ÷ e x dx
2
= x.e êë 2 1+ x 2 úû
è x2 ø è xø
1 é x2 1 x2 + 1 - 1 ù
x+ æ 1 ö x+ 1 æ 1 ö x+ 1 I = 2 ê tan -1 x - ò 2 dx ú + c
= x.e x - ò ç x - ÷ e x dx + ò ç x - ÷ e x dx 2 x +1
è xø è xø ëê 2 ûú
1
x+ é x2 1 x2 + 1 1 1 ù
+C I = 2 ê tan -1 x - ò dx + ò dx ú + c
= xe x
ëê ûú
2 2 x2 + 1 2 1+ x 2
sin 2 x cos 2 x
34. (b) Let I = ò (sin 3 x + cos3 x)2 dx é x2 ù
1 1
I = 2 ê tan -1 x - ò 1.dx + tan -1 x ú + c
ëê 2 2 2 ûú
2
æ sin x.cos x ö
I= ò çè sin3 x + cos3 x ÷ø dx
é x2 x 1 ù
2 I = 2 ê tan -1 x - + tan -1 x ú + c
æ ö
sin x. cos x ëê 2 2 2 ûú
I= ò çç ÷ dx 2 -1
+ -1
- +
è cos3 x (1 + tan 3 x) ø÷ I= x tan x tan x x c
2 or I = - x + ( x 2 + 1) tan -1 x + c
æ sin x.sec 2 x ö
= òç ÷ dx
è (1 + tan3 x ) ø sin8 x - cos8 x
36. (b) Let I = ò 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x dx
Put 1 + tan 3 x = t
dt (sin 4 x )2 - (cos 4 x)2
dt = 3tan 2 x sec2 x dx or dx =
3tan 2 x sec 2 x
= ò 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx
sin 2 x.sec4 x dt (sin 4 x + cos 4 x)(sin 4 x - cos 4 x)

\I= ò t 2
´ 2
3 tan x sec x 2 = ò dx
1 - 2sin 2 x cos2 x
1 sin 2 x.sec 4 x dt
3ò
I= ´ [(sin 2 x + cos 2 x )2 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x ]
t2 sin 2 x
´ sec2 x [(sin 2 x + cos 2 x ][sin 2 x - cos 2 x]
cos 2 x = ò 1 - 2sin 2 x cos 2 x
dx
1 sin 2 x.sec4 x dt - sin 2 x 1

= 3ò 2
´ = - ò cos 2x dx = + c = - sin 2 x + c
t sin x sec 4 x
2 2 2
1 dt 1 -2 37. (c) Let ò f ( x)dx = y ( x)

3 ò t2
\I= = ò t dt
3
òx
5
Let I = f ( x3 )dx
1 é t -2+1 ù -1 é1ù put x3 = t
I = 3 ê -2 + 1ú + c = +c
êë úû 3 êë t úû Þ 3x2dx = dt
1
3ò
1 I= 3 · x 2 · x 3 · f ( x3 ) · dx
or I = - +c
3(1 + tan 3 x)
1 1
= ò tf (t )dt = éët ò f (t )dt - ò f (t )dt ùû
3 3

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M-394 Mathematics
1é æ x 2 + sin 2 x ö
= t y (t ) - ò y (t )dt ùû
3ë 40. (a) Let f (x) = ò ç 2
÷ sec x dx
è 1 + x2 ø
1 3
= éë x y ( x ) - 3ò x y ( x )dx ùû + c
3 2 3
3 sin 2 x
x 2 sec 2 x +
cos 2 x dx
1 3
= x y ( x ) - ò x y ( x )dx + c
3 2 3 = ò 1+ x 2
3
cos 8x + 1 x sec 2 x + tan 2 x
2
38. (a) Let I = ò dx = ò dx
cot 2 x - tan 2 x 1 + x2
Now, Dr = cot 2x – tan 2x =

cos 2 x sin 2 x
- (
x 2 1 + tan 2 x + tan 2 x )
sin 2 x cos 2 x = ò 1+ x 2
dx
cos 2 2 x - sin 2 2 x 2 cos 4 x

= = x 2 + tan 2 x(1 + x2 )
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 4 x = ò 1 + x2
dx
2 cos 2 4 x 2cos 2 4 x . sin 4 x
\ I=ò dx = ò dx x2
2cos 4 x 2 cos 4 x = ò 1 + x2 dx + ò tan 2 x dx
sin 4 x
( )
1 1 cos8 x 1 x2 +1 -1
= ò sin 8 x dx = - + k = - .cos 8 x + k
2 2 8 16 = ò 1 + x2
dx + ò sec 2 x - 1 dx
1
Now, - .cos 8 x + k = A cos 8 x + k dx
16 = ò 1 dx - ò 2
+ ò sec 2 xdx - ò dx
1 1+ x
Þ A=-
16 = – tan–1 x + tan x + c
sin x Given : f (0) = 0
5 tan x
5 Þ f (0) = – tan –10 + tan0 + c Þ c = 0
39. (d) ò dx = ò cos x dx
\ f (x) = – tan–1x + tan x
tan x - 2 sin x
-2
cos x p
Now, f (1) = – tan–1(1) + tan 1 = tan 1 –
4
æ 5sin x cos x ö
= òç ´
è cos x sin x - 2cos x ÷ø
dx x2 - x
41. (a) Let I = ò dx
5sin x dx x3 - x 2 + x - 1
=ò
sin x - 2 cos x x ( x - 1) x dx 1 2 x dx
= ò dx = ò ò
æ 4sin x + sin x + 2cos x - 2cos x ö x 2 ( x - 1) + ( x - 1) x2 + 1
=
= òç ÷ø dx 2 ( x 2 + 1)
è sin x - 2cos x
Let x2 + 1 = t Þ 2x dx = dt
( sin x - 2 cos x) + ( 4 sin x + 2 cos x )
=ò dx 1 dt 1
sin x - 2 cos x \I= ò = log t + c
2 t 2
=ò
( sin x - 2 cos x ) + 2 ( cos x + 2sin x ) dx
( sin x - 2 cos x ) =
1
2
(
log x 2 + 1 + c )
sin x - 2cos x æ cos x + 2sin x ö
=ò dx + 2ò ç where ‘c’ is the constant of integration.
è sin x - 2cos x ÷ø
dx
sin x - 2cos x 42. (d) Statement - 2: cos3x is a periodic function.
cos x + 2sin x It is a true statement.
= ò dx + 2ò dx = I1 + I2
sin x - 2 cos x Statement - 1
cos x + 2sin x æ cos 3x 3cos x ö
where, I1 = ò dx and I 2 = 2ò dx Given f ( x) = ò cos3 x dx = ò ç +
sin x - 2 cos x è 4 ÷ dx
4 ø
Let sin x – 2cos x = t
Þ (cos x + 2sin x) dx = dt 1 sin 3 x 3 1 3
= + sin x = sin 3x + sin x
dt 4 3 4 12 4
\ I 2 = 2ò = 2 ln t + C = 2 ln (sin x–2cos x) + C
t 1 2p
Now, period of sin 3x =
Hence, I1 + I 2 = dx + 2ln ( sin x - 2cos x ) + c
ò 12 3
= x + 2ln |(sin x – 2 cos x)| + k Þ a = 2

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Integrals M-395
3 1 æ p x pö
Period of sin x = 2p = log tan ç + + ÷ + C
4 2 è 4 2 8ø
L.C.M. ( 2p, 2p ) 2p é
= 2p æ p xö ù
( )
Hence period of f(x) = HCF of 1,3 =
1 êQ ò sec x dx = log tan çè + ÷ø ú
ë 4 2 û
Thus, f(x) is a periodic function of period 2p. 1 æ x 3p ö
= log tan ç + ÷ + C
Hence, Statement - 1 is false. 2 è2 8 ø
sin xdx
43. (c) Let I = 2 ò sin x sin( x - a + a)
æ pö
sin ç x – ÷
è 4ø
46. (b) ò sin( x - a) dx =ò sin( x - a)
dx
sin( x - a ) cos a + cos( x - a)sin a

p =ò dx
Let x – = t Þ dx = dt sin( x - a )
4
= ò {cos a + sin a cot( x - a )}dx
æ pö
sin ç t + ÷ = (cos a) x + (sin a) logsin( x - a) + C
è 4 ø = 2 æ sin t + cos t ö dt
Þ I = 2ò
sin t
dt ò ç sin t ÷ø
2 è Comparing with Ax + B logsin(x – a) + c
\ A = cosa, B = sin a
Þ I = ò (1 + cot t )dt = t + log |sin t| + c1 47. (d) Q f ''(x) – g¢¢ (x) = 0
p æ pö Integrating, f ¢ (x) – g¢ (x) = c;
= x– + log sin ç x – ÷ + c1
4 è 4ø
Þ f ¢ (1)– g¢ (1) = c Þ 4 – 2 = c Þ c = 2.
æ pö æ pö
= x + log sin èç x – ÷ø + c çè where c = c1 – ÷ø \ f ¢ (x) – g¢ (x) = 2;
4 4
Integrating, f (x) – g (x) = 2x + c1
dx
44. (c) I = ò Þ f (2) – g(2) = 4 + c1 Þ 9 – 3 = 4 + c1;
cos x + 3 sin x
Þ c1 = 2 \ f (x) – g(x) = 2x + 2
dx At x = 3/2, f (x) – g(x) = 3 + 2 = 5.
Þ I =ò
é1 3 ù 2
2 ê cos x + sin x ú 48. (c) I = ò e x x x (2 + loge x ) dx
2 2 1
ë û
2
I = ò e x x x [1 + (1 + loge x)] dx
1 dx 1 dx 1
2ò é p
= = .ò
p ù 2 æ pö
êësin 6 cos x + cos 6 sin x úû sin ç x + ÷ 2
è 6ø = ò e x [ x x + x x (1 + loge x)] dx
1
1 æ pö Q ò e x ( f ( x) + f '( x)) dx = e x f ( x) + c
2ò
Þ I= . cosec ç x + ÷ dx
è 6ø
2
We know that \ I = ëée x x x ûù
1
ò cosec x dx = log | (tan x / 2) | + C = e2 ´ 4 - e ´ 1 = 4e2 - e = e(4e - 1)

\ I=
1 æx pö a+1
. log tan çè + ÷ø + C dx
2 2 12 49. (a) ò ( x + a )( x + a + 1)
dx dx a
45. (a) ò cos x - sin x =ò æ 1 1 ö a+1
é 1 1 ù
cos x -
2ç
è 2 2
sin x÷
ø = ò ê x + a - x + a + 1 ú dx [Using partial fraction]
ë û
a
dx 1 æ pö a+1
=ò
æ pö
=
2
ò sec çè x + 4 ÷ø dx æ ( x + a) ö
= log ç ÷
æ 2a + 1 2a + 1 ö
= log ç . ÷
2 cos ç x + ÷ è ( x + a + 1) ø a è 2a + 2 2a ø
è 4ø
9
= log (Given)
8

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M-396 Mathematics
(2a + 1)2 9 -1 x 3dy -1 dy

So, = Þ 2
8a + 8a + 2 = 9a + 9a 2
\ I= 4 ò 3 3/ 4
= ò
4 (1 + y)3/ 4
a(a + 1) 2 x (1 + y)
Þ a2 + a – 2 = 0 Þ a = 1, – 2 -1
= ´ 4(1 + y)1/ 4 = -(1 + x -4 )1/ 4 + C
2 4
50. (c) Let, 1 = ò x2 .e - x dx 1/ 4
æ x 4 + 1ö
Put – x2 = t Þ – 2x dx = dt = –ç 4 ÷ +C
è x ø
t 2 .et dt -1 t 2 dx
1= ò = e (t - 2t + 2)c 54. (b) ò
( -2) 2 ( x + 1) 3/ 4
( x - 2 )5/ 4
-1 4 -5
\ g ( x) = ( x + 2 x 2 + 2) Þ g (-1) = dx x +1
ò =t
2 2 , put
æ x +1 ö
3/ 4 x-2
5 -4x ç ÷ ( x - 2 )2
ò x e dx
3
51. (b) I = è x-2ø
Put –4x3 = q -3 dt
Þ –12x2 dx = dq =
( x - 2) 2 dx
dq
Þ x2 dx = - dx dt -1 dt 1 -3
3 ò t 3/ 4
12 =- = = - ò t lt
1 q 1
( x - 2) 2 3 3 4
q q
I= ò 48 qe d q = 48 [q e - e ] + C é -3 +1 ù
1 ê t 4 ú -4 é x + 1 ù
1/ 4
1 -4 x3 = ê ú = ê ú +c
I= e (-4 x 3 - 1) + C 3 ê -3 ú 3 ë x - 2û
48 +1
ëê 4 ûú
Then, by comparison
f(x) = –4x3 – 1 x 5m -1 + 2 x 4 m -1 x5 m -1 + 2 x 4 m -1
55. (b) ò dx = ò dx
dx (x 2m m
+ x + 1) 3
x 6m
(1 + x - m + x -2 m )3
52. (c) I = ò
(1 + x ). x 1 - x
x - m -1 + 2 x -2 m -1
1 =ò dx
Put 1 + x =tÞ dx = dt (1 + x - m + x -2 m )3
2 x
Put t = 1 + x–m + x–2m
2dt
Þ 1= ò \
dt
= - mx - m -1 - 2mx -2 m -1
t 2t - t 2 dx
1 -1
Again put t = Þ dt = 2 dz Þ
dt
= ( x - m -1 + 2 x -2 m -1 ) dx
z 2 -m
-1
dz x5 m -1 + 2 x 4 m -1 1 -3 1
z2 - dz \ ò dx = ò t dt = +C
Þ I=2 ò = 2ò (x 2m m
+ x + 1) 3 -m 2mt 2
1 2 1 2z - 1
-
z z z2 1
= +C
2 2m(1 + x - m + x -2 m ) 2
= – 2 2 z -1 + c = – 2 - 1 + c
t x 4m
= +C
2-t 1- x 2m( x 2 m + x m + 1) 2
=– 2 +c =– 2 +c
t 1+ x x 4m
\ f ( x) =
dx 2 m( x 2 m + x m + 1) 2
53. (b) I = ò
dx
= ò x 3 (1 + x -4 )3/ 4
x 2 (x 4 + 1)3/ 4 x dx
56. (b) I = ò
–4
Let x = y 2 - x 2 + 2 - x2
-1 3 dt 1
Þ –4x–3 dx = dy Þ dx = x dy Put t = 2 - x 2 , = . (-2 x)
4 dx 2 2 - x 2

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Integrals M-397
Þ – t dt = x dx
5051 5050
(-t ) dt 1 Þ I 2 = I1 Þ I 2 = I1
\ I=ò =-ò dt = - log | t + 1| 5050 5051
t2 + t t +1
5050
Þa=
= - log 2 - x2 + 1 + c 5051
x 2 - x + 1 cot -1 x p/2
57. (b) Let I =
x2 + 1
ò
.e dx 61. (c) I = ò
1
dx
-p / 2 1 + e
sin x
Put x = cot t Þ – cosec2 t dt = dx
Now, 1 + cot2 t = cosec2 t 0 p/2
1 1
I=ò
e (cot t - cot t + 1)
t 2
(- cosec 2t ) dt
= ò dx + ò dx
-p / 2 1 + e 1 + esin x
sin x
\ 2 0
(1 + cot t )
p/2
= - ò et (cosec 2 t - cot t ) dt æ 1 1 ö
= ò çè + ÷ dx
1 + esin x 1 + e - sin x ø
ò e (cot t - cosec
t 2 0
= t ) dt = et cot t + C
p/2
-1 -1 1 + esin x p
= ecot x ( x) + C º A(x) . ecot +C
ò
x
= dx =
Þ A(x) = x 0 1 + esin x 2
6
x6 x6 (1 + x ) - 1 ì 2 - x, x < 2
58. (a) ò x+ x 7
dx = ò
x(1 + x ) 6
dx = ò x (1 + x 6 )
dx 62. (a) f ( x ) = | x - 2 | = í
î x - 2, x ³ 2
1 1 ì2 - f ( x), f ( x) < 2
= ò x
dx – ò
x + x7
dx = ln | x | – p(x) + c g ( x) = f ( f ( x)) = í
î f ( x) - 2, f ( x) ³ 2
1 + ( log x ) - 2 log x
2
(log x - 1) 2 ì 2 - (2 - x ), 2 - x < 2, x<2
59. (d) ò (1 + (log x)2 )2 dx = ò dx
ï(2 - x ) - 2, 2 - x ³ 2,
é1 + ( log x ) 2 ù2 ï x<2
ë û =í
ï 2 - ( x - 2), x - 2 < 2, x³2
é 1 2 log x ù ïî( x - 2) - 2, x - 2 ³ 2, x³2
= òê 2
-
2 2ú
dx
ëê (1 + (log x) ) (1 + (log x) ) ûú ì -x 0 < x £ 0
ï x 0< x<2
é et 2t et ù ï
\ I= òê - ú dt =í
êë1 + t
2
(1 + t 2 )2 úû ï4 - x 2 £ x < 4
ïî x - 4 x³4
é 1 2t ù
= òe ê -
t 3
ú dt \ ò [ g ( x) - f ( x)] dx
ëê1 + t (1 + t 2 ) 2 ûú
2
0
é Which is of the form e x ( f ( x ) + f ' ( x ) ) dx

2 3 3
ò = ò x dx + ò (4 - x ) dx - ò | x - 2 | dx = 1
ë 0 2 0
ò = f (x) × e x + cù
û p/3 é1d (tan 4 x ) 1 d (sin 4 3 x) ù
e t
x
63. (c) òp / 6 ê 2 dx
× sin 4 3 x + tan 4 x ×
2 dx
údx
= +c = +c ë û
1+ t2 1 + (log x) 2
1 p/3
2 òp / 6
1 1 = d (tan 4 x × sin 4 3x )dx
60.
ò 0 ò
(c) I 2 = (1 - x50 )101dx = (1 - x50 )(1 - x50 )100 dx
0
1 1
I 2 = ò (1 - x ) 50 100
dx - ò x x (1 - x50 )100 dx
49
p /3
1
×1
0 0 14 4244 3 é tan 4 x sin 4 3x ù 9× 0 9 -1
I II =ê ú = - =
1 ë 2 ûp / 6 2 2 18
1 (1 - x )
50 101
é x ù
I 2 = I1 + ê (1 - x50 )101 ú - ò dx 64. (21)
ë 5050 û0 0 5050
I2 n 1
I 2 = I1 + 0 - n
5050 ò {x} dx =nò x × dx = 2
0 0

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M-398 Mathematics
n n 1
n2 n
Þ ò [ x ] dx = ò ( x - {x})dx = - = [ x - x 2 ]02 + [ x 2 - x]11 + [ x ]12
0 0
2 2
2
According to the questions,

1 1 æ 1 1ö 1 1 3
= - + (1 - 1) - ç - ÷ + 2 - 1 = + + 1 =
n n2 - n 2 4 è 4 2ø 4 4 2
, , 10(n2 - n) are in GP
2 2 68. (1)
2
ò1 | 2 x - [3x] | dx
2
æ n2 - n ö n
\ç ÷ = 2 ´ 10(n - n)
2
è 2 ø
2
= ò | 3x - [3 x] - x | dx
Þ n = 21n Þ n = 21.
2 1
2 2
65.
p
(c) I = ò | p- | x || dx [Q | p- | x || is even] = ò | {3x} - x | dx = ò ( x - {3x})dx
1 1
-p
2 2
p
= 2ò | p- | x || dx = ò xdx - ò {3x} dx
1 1
0
p 2
= 2ò (p - x) dx é x2 ù 1/ 3
0 = ê ú - 3 ò 3 x dx
ë 2 û1 0
p
é x2 ù æ p2 ö
= 2 ê px - ú = 2 ç p 2 - ÷ = p 2 . é x2 ù
1/ 3
2 û0 è 2ø (4 - 1) 3 1
ë = -9ê ú = - =1
2 2
ë û0 2 2
1
k 2 x2 1
=ò
1
66. (a) dx bx 2 cx 3 b c
(d) ò (a + bx + cx )dx = ax +
2
6 0 (1 - x 2 )3/ 2 69. + =a+ +
2 3 2 3
0 0
Let x = sin q; dx = cos q d q,
æ1ö b c
1 p Now, f (1) = a + b + c, f (0) = a and f ç ÷ = a + +
è2ø 2 4
2
x2 6
sin 2 q cos q
then ò (1 - x2 )3/ 2 dx = ò cos3 q
dq
1æ æ 1 öö
0 0
Now, 6 ç f (1) + f (0) + 4 f ç 2 ÷ ÷
è è øø
p
k 6 sin 2 q 1æ æ b c öö
\ =ò × cos q d q = ç a + b + c + a + 4ç a + + ÷÷
6 0 cos3 q 6è è 2 4 øø
1 b c
p p = (6a + 3b + 2c ) = a + +
6 6 6 2 3
k
6 ò0
Þ = tan 2 q d q = ò (sec 2 q - 1) d q 1
1ì æ 1 öü
0 Hence, ò f ( x) = 6 íî f (0) + f (1) + 4 f çè 2 ÷ø ýþ
0
k æ 1 pö 2 3 - x
Þ = (tan q - q)p0 / 6 = ç - =
6 è 3 6 ÷ø 6 2p
x sin8 x
70. (c) ò sin8 x + cos8 x dx
Þ k =2 3-p 0
67. (1.50)
pé
x sin8 x (2p - x )sin8 x ù
2 1 2
= òê 8 + 8 ú
ò0 | x - 1| - x dx = ò 1 - x - x dx + ò | x - 1 - x dx
0 1
8 8
0 ëê sin x + cos x sin x + cos x ûú
dx
1 1 2
= ò (1 - 2 x )dx + ò (2 x - 1)dx + ò dx é 2a a a ù
êQ ò f ( x)dx = ò f ( x)dx + ò f (2a - x )dx ú
0 1/ 2 1
êë 0 0 0 úû

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Integrals M-399
p b
2 p sin8 x
=ò 8 8
dx 2 I = 2 ò f ( x)dx
0 sin x + cos x a
p /2 é ù b -1
sin8 x cos8 x
= 2p ò ê sin8 x + cos8 x sin 8 x + cos8 x úú dx
ê + \ ò f ( x + 1)dx [Q Put x ® x + 1]
0 ë û a -1
p /2 ìï 0 2 ü
p ax -ax ï
= 2p ò 1dx = 2p ´
2
= p2 73. (a) 4a í ò e dx + ò e dx ý = 5
0 îï -1 0 þï
1 ì ax 0 2ü
71. (b) f ( x ) = ïe e -ax ï
3 2
2 x - 9 x + 12 x + 4 Þ 4 a í + ý =5
ïî a -1 -a 0 ïþ
-1 æ (6 x 2 - 18 x + 12) ö
f ¢( x ) = ç ÷
2 çè (2 x3 - 9 x 2 - 12 x + 4)3/2 ÷ø ìïæ 1 - e -a ö æ e -2a - 1 ö üï
Þ 4a íçç a ÷-ç
÷ ç a ÷ý
÷ =5
-6( x - 1)( x - 2) îïè ø è ø þï
=
2(2 x3 - 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4)3/2 Þ 4(2 - e -a - e -2a ) = 5
1
f (1) = and f (2) =
1 Put e -a = t
3 8 Þ 4t2 + 4t – 3 = 0 Þ (2t + 3) (2t – 1) = 0
It is increasing function 1
Þ e-a = Þ a = loge2
1 1 2
<I<
3 8 5
74. (a) 2cot 2 q - +4=0
1 1 sin q
< I2 <
9 8
2 cos2 q 5
- +4=0
1
b
sin 2 q sin q
(a + b) ò
72. (c) I = x[ f ( x ) + f ( x + 1)]dx ...(i)
Þ 2cos2q – 5 sinq + 4 sin2q = 0, sinq ¹ 0
a
Þ 2sin2q – 5 sinq + 2 = 0
x®a+b–x Þ (2 sinq – 1) (sinq – 2) = 0
b 1 p 5p
1 \ sin q = Þ q=
( a + b) ò
I= (a + b - x)[ f (a + b - x) + f (a + b + 1 - x)]dx ,
2 6 6
a
5p /6 5p /6
1 + cos 6q
1
b
\ ò cos 2 3q d q = ò dq
( a + b) ò
I= (a + b - x )[ f ( x + 1) + f ( x)]dx ...(ii) p /6 p /6
2
a
5p /6
[Q put x ® x + 1 in f(a + b + 1 é sin 6q ù 1 é 5p p 1 ù
= q+ = ê - + (0 - 0) ú
1– x) = f(x)] 2 êë 6 úû p /6 2ë 6 6 6 û
Add (i) and (ii)
1 4p p
b = . =
2 I = ò [ f ( x + 1) + f ( x)]dx 2 6 3
a f ( x)
b b 75. (a) Given, ò 4t 3dt = ( x - 2) g ( x)

6
2 I = ò f ( x + 1)dx + ò f ( x )dx
a a Differentiating both sides,
4(f (x))3. f ‘ (x) = g’ (x)(x – 2) + g(x)
b b
= ò f (a + b + 1 - x )dx + ò f ( x )dx 4(6)3.1
Putting x = 2, = g (2) Þ xlim
®2
g ( x) = 18
a a 48

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M-400 Mathematics
p /2 p /2
cot x dx sin 3 xdx
76. (d) ò cot x + cosec x 79. (b) Let I = ò sin x + cos x ...(1)
0 0
p /2 p /2 a a
= ò
cot x dx
=
æ 1 ö
ò çè1 - 1 + cos x ÷ødx
Use the property ò0 f ( x ) dx = ò f (a - x )dx
0
1 + cos x
0 0
p /2
cos3 x dx
p /2
1 p/2
I= ò sin x + cos x ...(2)
[ x ]0p /2 - ò dx p 1 x 0
= 0 2cos2
x = 2-2 ò sec 2 dx
2 Adding equation (1) and (2), we get
2 0
p /2
p /2 æ 1 ö
ò
p æ xö p æp ö Þ 2I = ç 1 - sin(2 x ) ÷dx
= - ç tan ÷ = - [1] = ç - 1÷ = mp + mn è 2 ø
2 è 2 ø0 2 è2 ø 0
\ m = , n = – 2, Hence, mn = – 1 p /2
1é 1 ù
2p
ÞI = ê x + cos 2 x ú
2ë 4 û0
77. (b) I = ò [sin 2 x(1 + cos 3x)]dx ...(1)
0 p -1
Þ I=
4
a a
Q ò f ( x) = ò f (a - x )dx 1 1
0 0 80.
-1 2
(
4 -1 æ
(0) ò x cot 1 - x + x dx = ò x tan ç
1
4 ) ö
2÷
è 1+ x - x ø
0 0
2p
\I= ò [- sin 2x(1 + cos 3x)]dx ...(2) 1 æ x2 - x2 - 1 ö
( )
0
= ò x tan -1 ç ÷ dx
From (1) + (2), we get; 0 è (
ç 1 + x2 x 2 - 1 ÷
ç ÷
ø )
2p
ò (-1)dx Þ 2I = -( x)02p Þ I = – p
1 0
1 1
1tan -1 t 2 dt - ò 1tan -1 k dk
2ò
2I = =
0 2
0 -1
p p
3 2 4 3 Put x = t Þ 2xdx = dt in the first integral
2
1.dx
I = ò sec 3 x.cosec 3 x dx ò 2 4
and x2 – 1 = k Þ 2xdx = dk in the second integral.
78. (c) Let, p
= p
6 6
cos 3 x.sin 3 x 1 1
1 1
1tan -1 tdt - ò 1tan -1 kdk
2ò
p p =
2
3 3 0 0
1dx sec2 xdx
= ò 4
= ò 4
p p
1æ ö
1 1
cos 2 x.tan 3 x tan 3 x t
6 6 = ç t tan -1 t - ò dt ÷
2ç 1 + t 2 ÷ø
Let tan x = u è 0 0
é -1 ù
3 êu 3 ú
1æ ö
0
ê ú 1
- ç k tan -1 k - ò
k
÷
3 -4 ë û 1
2ç 2
dk
÷
è
0 1 + k ø
ò -1
3
I= u 3 du =
1
-1
1 ö 1æ p æ1 0 öö
1æp æ1
( ) ( )
3
= ç - ç ln 1 + t 2 ÷ - çç - - ç ln 1 + k 2 ÷÷
é 1 ù -1 1 2 çè 4 è 2 0 ø 2è 4 è 2 -1 ø ÷ø
ê -6 1 ú
= -3 ê3 - -1 ú = -3(3 - 3 6 )
6
ê ú æp 1 ö æ -p 1 ö p 1
ë 36 û = ç - ln 2 ÷ - ç - 10 - ln 2 ÷ = - ln 2
1 1 7 5
è8 4 ø è 8 4 ø 4 2
= 3(3 6 - 3 6 ) = (36 - 36 )

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Integrals M-401
81. (d) Using L’ Hospital rule and Leibnit theorem, we get f (0) = 0, g (x) is even Þ f (x) is odd
f ( x) x +5
ò 2tdt \I= ò - f (5 - l )d l
2 f ( x ) f '( x ) - 0 5
lim 6 = lim
x ®2 ( x - 2) x®2 1
x +5 5
Putting x = 2, 2f (2) f ‘ (2) = 12f ‘ (2) éëQ f ( 2 ) = 6 ùû ÞI= ò g (l)d l = ò g (t )dt (from (iv))
5 x+ 5
æ 2 - x cos x ö 84. (c) f(x) = f(a – x)

82. (d) g ( f (x)) = log ç ÷,x>0
è 2 + x cos x ø g(x) + g(a – x) = 4
p/4 Let, the integral,
æ 2 - x cos x ö
Let I = ò log ç 2 + x cos x ÷ dx ...(i)

è ø a
-p/4 I= ò0 f ( x ) g ( x ) dx
b b a
Use the property ò f ( x )dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx = ò0 f (a - x ) × g (a - x ) dx

a a
é b b ù
Then, equation (i) becomes, êëQ òa f ( x ) dx = òa f (a + b - x) dx úû
a
p/4
æ 2 + x cos x ö Þ I= ò0 f ( x)[4 - g ( x)] dx
I = ò log ç 2 - x cos x ÷ dx ...(ii)
-p/4
è ø a a
Þ I= ò0 4 f ( x) dx - ò0 f ( x ) × g ( x) dx
Adding (i) and (ii)
a
p/4
æ 2 - x cos x 2 + x cos x ö
Þ I= ò0 4 f ( x) dx - I
2I = ò log ç . ÷ dx
è 2 + x cos x 2 - x cos x ø a
-p /4 Þ 2I = ò0 4 f ( x) dx
p /2 a
2I = ò log(1)dx = 0 Þ I = 2ò f ( x) dx
0
-p /2
Þ I = 0 = log 1 xö ìæ
eï
2x
æ e ö üï
x
85. (d) I = ò1 íçè e ÷ø - ç ÷ ý loge x dx

è xø ï
x ïî þ
83. (a) f (x) = ò g ( g )dt , ...(i) x
0 æ xö
Let ç ÷ = t
è eø
Q g is a non-ero even function.
\ g (– x) = g (x), ...(ii) æ xö
Given, f (x + 5) = g (x) ...(iii) Þ x ln çè ÷ø = ln t
e
From (i) f ‘ (x) = g (x)
Þ x (ln x – 1) = ln t
x On differentiating both sides w.r. tx we get
Let, I = ò f (t )dt , dt
0 lnx.dx =
t
x +5
1
Put t = l – 5 Þ I = ò f (l - 5) d l When x = e then t = 1 and when x = 1 then t = .
e
5
Q f (x + 5) = g (x) 1 æ 2 1ö dt 1æ 1ö
I = ò1 çè t - t ÷ø × t = ò1 èç t - t 2 ø÷ dt
Þ f (– x + 5) = g (– x) = g (x) ...(iv) e e
x +5 1
æ t 2 1ö
I= ò f (l - 5) d l + æ1 ö æ 1 ö 3 1
5 = èç 2 t ø÷ 1 = èç + 1ø÷ - èç 2 + eø÷ = - e - 2
2 2e 2 2e
e

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M-402 Mathematics
sin 2 x For a = 0, b = 2
86. (a) Let f (x) =
éxù 1
êë p úû + 2 I=
-8 2
15
sin 2 (- x )
So, f(–x) = Q [–x] = –1 – [x] For a = - 2 , b = 0
é -x ù 1
êë p úû + 2
-8 2
I= .
15
sin 2 x sin 2 x
Þ f(–x) = = = - f ( x) For a =
éxù 1 1 éxù 2,b=– 2
-1 - ê ú + - -ê ú
ëpû 2 2 ëp û
16 2
I= .
Þ f(x) is odd function 15
2 For a = – 2 , b = 2
Hence, ò f ( x ) dx = 0
-2 -16 2
I= .
p 15
dx
ò ( )
4
87. (b) I = p
6 (
sin 2 x tan 5 x + cot 5 x ) \ I is minimum when (a, b) = - 2, 2
x 1
p
tan x .sec x 5 2
89. (a) ò f (t )dt = x 2 + ò t 2 f (t )dt
ò 4
p sin x æ
(
tan 5 x + 1ö )
2 0 x
= 6 2
cos x è ø Þ f(x) = 2x – x f(x) 2
p 2x
1 4 tan 4 x .sec2 x Þ f(x) =
= 2 òp
dx. 1 + x2
( )
2
tan 5 x +1
6
2(1 - x2 )
Þ f ¢(x) =
Let tan4 x = t. (1 + x 2 )2
5 tan 4 x . sec2 x dx = dt. Then,
p
When x ® then t ® 1 æ 1ö
4 2 ç1 - ÷
è 4ø 3 16 24
5 = ´ =
p æ 1 ö f ¢(1/2) = æ 1 ö 2
2 25 25
and x ® then t ® ç ÷
è 3ø çè1 + ÷ø
6 4
1 1 dt p
\ I = 10 òæ 1 ö t 2 +1
5
2
dx
ç ÷ è 3ø
90 (c) I = ò [ x] + [sin x] + 4
-p
1 æp –1 æ 1 ö ö
2
= ç – tan çè ÷
10 è 4 9 3 ø ÷ø p
-1 0 1 2
dx dx dx dx
= -òp -2 - 1 + 4 ò -1 - 1 + 4 ò 0 + 0 + 4 ò 1 + 0 + 4
b
+ + +
(d) I = ò ( x - 2 x ) dx
4 2
88. -1 0 1
a
2
dI
Þ = x4 – 2x2 = 0 (for minimum) æ pö 1 1 1æ p ö
dx = çè -1 + ÷ø + (0 + 1) + (1 - 0) + çè - 1ø÷
2 2 4 5 2
Þ x = 0, ± 2
3p 9 3
= - = (4p - 3)
éx 5 3 ùb 5 20 20
2x
Also, I = ê 5 - 3 ú
ë ûa

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Integrals M-403
p
2æ 1 ö
(b) I = ò | cos x | dx 1-
3
k èç ÷
=
91.
0
2ø
p/2 2 -1
=2 ò cos3 x dx =
k
0
p/2
1
2 = 1– (Given)
=
4 ò (3cos x + cos3 x) dx 2
0 \ k=2
[Q cos 3q = 4cos3 q – 3cos q] p /2
sin 2 x
1é sin3 x ù
p/2 94. (c) Let, I = ò x
dx ...(i)
-p /2 1 + 2
= ê3sin x +
2ë 3 úû0
b b
1æ 1ö 4 Using, ò f (x)dx = ò f (a + b - x)dx, we get :
= èç 3 - ø÷ =
2 3 3 a a
92. (a) Q f : R ® R p /2
sin 2 x
and |f(x) – f(y)| £ 2 × |x – y|3/2 I= ò -x
dx ...(ii)
-p /2 1 + 2
f ( x) - f ( y )
Þ £ 2 x- y Adding (i) and (ii), we get;
x- y
p /2 x /2
f ( x) - f ( y)
£ lim 2 x - y
2I = ò sin 2 x dx Þ 2I = 2 × ò sin 2 x dx
Þ xlim -p /2
®y x- y x® y 0
Þ |f ¢(x)| = 0 p p
Þ 2I = 2 ´ ÞI=
\ f(x) is a constant function. 4 4
Given f(0) = 1 Þ f(x) = 1 x
Hence, the integral

95. (a) f (x) = ò0 t (sin x - sin t ) × dt
x x
1 1 = sin x ò t × dt - ò t sin t × dt
òf ( x ) dx = ò 1 dx = [ x ] = 1
2 1 0 0
0
0 0 x2
sin x + [t cos t ] 0 + sin x
x
=
p /3 2
tan q
93. (d) Let, I = ò 2 k sec q
dq
x2
0 Þ f (x) = sin x + x cos x + sin x
2
p /3
1 sin q
=
2k
ò cos q
dq
f ¢(x) =
x2
cos x + 2 cos x
0 2
Let cos q = t2
x2
\ sinq dq = –2t dt f ²(x) = x cos x – sin x – 2 sin x
2
Hence, integral becomes,
x2
1 f ¢²(x) = cos x – 2x sin x – cos x – 2 cos x
2
1 2
-2t dt
I=
2k
ò t
\ f ¢²(x) + f ¢(x) = cos x – 2x sin x
1 3p
x
2
1
96. (a) Let I = ò p4 1 + sin x
dx
= k
ò dt 4
1 x
2 also let K =
1 + sin x
Multiplying numerator and denominator by (1 – sin x), we
get;

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M-404 Mathematics
x (1 - sin x) x (1 - sin x) p
æ æ 2 + sin (– x) ö ö
K= =
1 - (sin x )2 (cos x)2 Þ I = ò 2p sin 4 (- x )) ç1 + log ç ÷ ÷ × dx
–
2 è è 2 – sin (– x) ø ø
= x (1 – sin x) sec2 x
= x sec2 x – x sin x sec2 x = x sec2 x – x tan x sec x
= éQ ò f ( x ). dx = ò f (a + b – x ). dx ù
b b
3p 3p
ëê a a ûú
Now, I = ò p
4 x sec2 xdx - ò p
4 x sec x tan xdx
p
4 4 æ æ 2 – sin x ö ö
3p 3p
= ò –
2
p (sin 4 x) ç 1 + log ç
è
÷ ÷ . dx
è 2 + sin x ø ø
é dx é dx ù4 ù4 2
= ê x tan x - ò tan xdx ú - ê x sec x - ò sec xdx ú
ë dx ûp ë dx ûp p
æ æ 2 + sin x öö
ò
4 4
= 2 sin 4 x çç1 – log ç ÷ ÷ . dx .....(2)
p
x ø ÷ø
3p – è è 2 – sin
= [ x tan x - ln | sec x | ] p
4 2
4
After adding equation (1) and (2) we get,
3p
- [ x sec x - ln | sec x + tan x | ] p
4 +c p
4 2I = 2 ò –
2
p sin 4 x . dx
ì é 3p 3p 3p 2
Þ I = í ê tan - ln
î ë 4 4 4 p
2I = 4 ò 2 sin 4 x . dx
3p ù ü
0
é 3p 3p 3p
- ê sec - ln sec + tan ý
ë4 4 4 4 úû þ 3 1
p 2´ ´ ´p
3p
ò 2 2 =
4
ìé p p p I =2 2 sin x . dx =
- í ê tan - ln
0 2 ´2 8
îë 4 4 4
[By Gamma function]
ép p p p ùü
- ê sec - ln sec + tan ú ý 3p
ë 4 4 4 4 ûþ 4
dx
p
99. (c) I = ò 1 + cos x ...(i)
= ( 2 + 1) p
2 4
97. (d) Given:
3p
1 -x
ò
2 4
I1 = e cos x dx; dx
0 I= ò 1 - cos x ...(ii)
1 - x2 p
ò
2
I2 = e cos x dx and 4
0
b b
1 - x3
I3 = ò0
e dx Using ò f (x)dx = ò f (a + b - x) dx
For x Î (0, 1) a a
Þ x > x2 or – x < – x2 Adding (i) and (ii)
and x2 > x3 or – x2 < – x3
3p 3p
2 3 2
\ e- x < e- x and e- x < e- x 4
2 4
2I = ò sin 2 x
dx ; I = ò cosec
2
x dx
-x - x2 - x3 p p
Þ e <e <e
4 4
3 2
Þ e - x > e - x > e- x é 3p pù
Þ I3 > I2 > I1 I = – (cot x)3pp/ 4/ 4 = – ê cot - cot ú = 2
ë 4 4û
98. (c) Let
ò tan
n
p
æ æ 2 + sin x ö ö 100. (c) In = x dx, n > 1
ò sin x çç1 + log ç
4
÷ ÷÷ dx ..... (1)
I= 2
p
–
2 è è 2 – sin x ø ø Let I = I4 + I6
= ò (tan 4 x + tan 6 x)dx = ò tan 4 x sec2 x dx

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Integrals M-405
Let tan x = t 1 1
Þ sec2 x dx = dt Let 1 + 2 + 5 = t
x x
t5
\ I = ò t 4 dt = +C æ –2 5 ö æ 2 5 ö
Þ ç dx = dt Þ ç 3 + 6 ÷ dx = - dt
è x 3 x 6 ÷ø
5 –
èx x ø
1 5
= tan x + C Þ On comparing, we have This gives,
5
2 5
1 + dx
a= ,b=0 x3 x6 – dt 1
5 ò 3
= ò 3 = +C
t2
æ 1 1ö t 2
2 dx çè 1 + + ÷
101. (a) Let I = ò x 2 x5 ø
1 ((x - 1a) 2 + 3)3 / 2
1 x10
= + C = +C
2
Let; x - 1 = 3 tan q æ 1 1ö 2( x5 + x3 + 1) 2
2ç1+ 2 + 5 ÷
2
Þ dx = 3 sec . dq è x x ø
x x x
Þ I=ò
p6 3 sec 2 q dq 104. (d) x ò y (t) dt = x ò ty (t) dt + ò ty (t) dt
( ) + ( 3 ) ÷ø
2 ö 3/2
0
æ 2 1 1 1
çè 3 tan q Differentiate w.r. to x.
x
1 p 6 sec2 q
= ò0
1 p6
dq = ò cos q dq ò y(t )dt + x[ y( x) - y(1)]
3 sec3 q 3 0 1
1 p6 1 1 1
= [sin q]0 = ´ =
x
3 3 2 6 = ò ty (t )dt + x[ xy ( x) - y (1)] + xy( x) - y(1)
1
1 k
= = Þ k + 5 = 6k
6 k +5 x x
ò y(t )dt = ò ty(t )dt + x y( x) -y (1)
2
Þ k =1 1 1
p p Diff. again w.r. to x

4
cos 2 x 4 y (x) – y (a) = xy (x) – y (a) + 2x y (x) + x2y1 (x)
ò ò cos 2 x ´ sin 2 x . sin ( 2 x) dx
2
102. (a) =
3 (1 – 3x) y (x) = x2y1 (x)
p æ 1 ö p
ç ÷
12 è sin 2 x ø 12 y1 ( x) 1 - 3x
=
1
p 4 y( x) x2
=
4 ò sin 4 x . (1 - cos 4 x ) dx 1dy 1 - 3x 1
p 12 = Þ ln y = – – 3 ln x
y dx x2 x
ép p ù
1 ê 4
1 4 ú ln (y x3) = –
1
= ê ò sin 4 x - ò sin 8 x ú x
4êp 2p ú
êë12 12
úû yx3 = – e–1/x
p 4 1
1 é cos4 x cos8x ù 1 é15 ù 15 - - 1x
= ê- + = ê ú=
16 úûp e x ce
4ë 4 12 4 ë 32 û 128 y= or y =
x3 x3
2 x12 + 5 x9
103. (d) ò ( x5 + x3 + 1)3 dx 10 é x2 ù
ë û
Dividing by x15 in numerator and denominator 105. (d) I = ò é x 2 - 28 x + 196 ù + é x2 ù dx .....(a)
4 ë û ë û
2 5
3
+ dx
x6
ò
x b b
æ 1 1ö
3
Use òf (a + b – x) dx = ò f (x) dx
çè1 + 2 + 5 ÷ø a a
x x

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M-406 Mathematics
Þ f (x) = f (x + 4)
é( x - 14) 2 ù
10
I= ò ë û dx
Hence period is 4
é 2ù é 2ù .....(b)
x
4 ë û ë + ( x - 14) 50 14
û Consider ò f ( x)dx = 10 ò f ( x )dx = 10 [5 + 5] = 100
(a) + (b) 10 10
109. (d) Let f : (–1, 1) ® R be a continuous function
10 é ( x - 14) 2 ù + é x 2 ù
ë û ë û dx
2I = ò é 2 ù é
sin x
2ù 3
4 ë x û + ë ( x - 14) û Let ò f (t)dt =
2
x
0
10
2I = ò dx Þ 2I = 6 Þ I=3 f(sin x).
d
(sin x) =
3
4 dx 2
1 p
106. (b) 2ò tan -1 x dx = ò æç - tan -1 (1 - x + x 2 ) ö÷ dx
1
3
0 0è 2 ø Þ f (sin x). cosx =
2
1p p
2 ò tan -1 x dx = ò dx - ò tan -1 (1 - x + x 2 ) dx
1 1
0 0 2 0 put x =
3
-1 p æ pö p
- 2 ò tan -1 xdx
1 1
ò0 tan (1 - x + x 2 ) dx =
2 0
.....(a) f çè sin ÷ø .cos =
3 3
3
2
1 -1
Let, I1 = ò0 tan xdx æ 3ö 1
f ç ÷. = 3
è 2 ø 2 2
1 1 1
-1
= ëé (tan x ) x ûù - ò0 x dx
0 1 + x2 æ 3ö
fç ÷ = 3
è 2 ø
p 1 x p 1
= - ò0 dx = - log 2
4 1 + x2 4 2 1/x
110. (c) f æç ö÷ =
1 ln t
By equation (a) èxø
ò 1+t dt
1
p ép 1 ù
- 2 ê - log 2ú = log 2 1
2 ë 4 2 û Let t =

4 1
log x 2 dt = - d
107. (a) I = ò dx 2
2 2
2 log x + log(36 - 12x + x )
x
ln
f(x) = ò + 1 d
4
log x 2
( )
I=ò dx . ...(i)
1
2
2 log x + log(6 - x) 2 x
x é ( ln ) 2 ù ( ln x ) 2
æ 1ö ln x
4 f ( x) + f ç ÷ = ò d = ê ú =
log(6 - x) 2 è xø êë 2 úû 2
I=ò dx ...(ii) 1 1
2
2 log(6 - x) + log x 2
p p
x x x
Adding (i) and (ii)
111. (b) Let I = ò 1 + 4 sin 2
2
- 4sin dx =
2 ò 2 sin 2 - 1 dx
4 0 0
2I = ò dx = [ x ]2 = 2
4
p /3 p
æ xö æ x ö
= ò ç 1 - 2 sin 2 ÷ dx + ò ç 2 sin 2 - 1÷ dx
2
I=1 0
è ø p/3
è ø
108. (c) Let f : R ® R be a function such that f (2 – x) = f (e +
é x 1 x p
êQ sin 2 = 2 Þ 2 = 6
x)
Put x = 2 + x we get ë
f (–x) = f (4 + x) = f (4 – x) p x 5p 5p ù
Þx= , = Þx= > pú
3 2 6 3 û

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Integrals M-407
p /3 p p
é xù é x ù
= ê x + 4cos ú
ë 2 û0
+ ê -4 cos - x ú
ë 2 ûp / 3
114. (d) Let I = ò [cos x]dx ...(1)
0
p 3 æ 3 pö p p
= +4 - 4 +ç0 - p + 4 + ÷
3 2 ç
è 2 3 ÷ø I= ò [cos( p - x )]dx = ò [ - cos x ]dx ...(2)
0 0
p
= 4 3-4- On adding (1) and (2), we get
3
p p
112. (d) F(x) =

x
ò1
et
dt , x > 0
2I = ò [cos x]dx + ò [ - cos x]dx
t 0 0
p
et
ò
x
Let I = ò1 t + a dt 2I = [cos x ] + [ - cos x]dx
0
Put t + a = z Þ t = z – a; dt = dz p
for t = 1, z = 1 + a 2I = ò0 - 1dx (Q [ x ] + [ - x] = -1 if x Ï Z )
for t = x, z = x + a p
2I = - x 0 = -p
z -a
x+a e
\I= ò1+ a z
dz
ÞI=
-p
2
e
-a x+a ez x + a et
= e ò dz º e - a ò ò (log x )
n
dt 115. (c) Pn = dx
1+ a z 1+ a t 1
é 1 et x + a et ù
put log x = t then x = et and dx = et dt
-a
I= e êò1+ a dt + ò dt ú Also, when x = 1, then t = log 1 = 0
ëê t úû
t 1
and when x = e, then t = loge e = 1
1
é 1+ a et ù
x + a et
òt
n t
-a \ Pn = . e dt
= e ê - ò1 dt + ò dt ú
ëê t úû
t 1 0
1 1
ò t e dt and P8 = òt
10 t 8 t
-a
= e [ - F (1 + a) + F ( x + a)] \ P10 = e dt
0 0
(By the definition of F(x)) 1 1
– 90P8 = ò tI IIe dt - 90ò t e dt
-a 10 t 8 t
= e [ F ( x + a) - F (1 + a)] Now, P10
0 0
t
113. (a) Let ò-p ( f ( x ) + x)dx = p2 – t2 1 9 t 1
1 8 t
P10 – 90 P8 = éët e ùû - 10ò0 t e dt - 90ò0 t e dt
10 t
0
t t
Þ ò-p f ( x )dx + ò
-p
xdx = p2 – t2 P10 – 90 P8
é 1 1
d 9 t ù
1
æ t 2 p2 ö ê ò ò dt ò ú ò t e dt
ú
9 t 8 t
t e - 10 t e dt - (t ) e dt - 90
Þ ò-p f ( x )dx + ç - ÷ = p2 – t2
è2 2ø
=
êë 0 0 û 0
é 1 8 t ù 1 8 t
t 3 2 2 P10 – 90 P8 = e - 10 ê e - 9ò0 t e dt ú - 90ò0 t e dt
Þ ò-p (p - t )
f ( x )dx =
2
ë û
differentiating with respect to t 1
P10 – 90 P8 = e - 10e + 90ò t e dt - 90ò t e dt
8 t 8 t
0
d é t
f ( x) dx ùú =
3 d 2 2
dt êë ò-p
(p - t ) \ P10 - 90 P8 = -9e
û 2 dt
1/ 2
dt d ln(1 + 2 x)
ln(1 + 2 x)
1/ 2
f (t ).
dt
- f ( -p) (-p ) = – 3t
dt
116. (c) Let I =
1 + 4 x 2 ò
dx or
ò 1 + (2 x)2 dx
0 0
f (t) = – 3t Put 2x = tanq
æ pö æ pö 2dx sec 2 qd q
f ç - ÷ = -3 ç - ÷ = p \ = sec 2 q or dx =
è 3ø è 3ø dq 2

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M-408 Mathematics
also when x = 0 Þ q = 0 x
1
and when x = Þ q = 45°or
p 117. (a) Since, y = ò t dt , x ÎR
0
2 4
p dy
therefore = x
4 dx
ln(1 + tan q) sec 2 qd q
\I= ò 2
1 + tan q
´
2 But from y = 2x, \
dy
=2
0 dx
p Þ |x|=2 Þ x=±2
4 ±2
1 ln(1 + tan q)
2 ò 1 + tan 2 q ò
I= ´ sec 2 qd q Points y = t dt = ± 2
0 0
(Q 1 + tan2 q = sec2 q) \ Equation of tangent is
p y – 2 = 2(x – 2) or y + 2 = 2(x + 2)
Þ x-intercept = ± 1.
14
I = ò ln(1 + tan q)d q ...(i)
2 p /3
dx
ò
0
118. (d) Let, I =
p p /6
1 + tan x
4
1 é æp öù p /3 p /3
2ò
I= ln ê1 + tan ç - q÷ ú d q dx tan x dx
è øû
0 ë 4 = ò æp ö
= ò 1 + tan x
…(i)
p /6 1 + tan ç - x÷ p /6
(Using the property of definite integral) è2 ø
p
é p ù Also, given
4 ê tan - tan q ú
1
I = ò ln ê1 + 4
ú dq p /3
p tan x dx
2
0 ê 1 + tan ´ tan q ú
ë 4 û
I= ò1 + tan x
…(ii)
p /6
p
By adding (i) and (ii), we get
4
1 é 1 - tan q ù p /3
I = ò ln ê1 + dq
2
0
ë 1 + tan q úû 2I= ò dx
p /6
p
4 é1 + tan q + 1 - tan q ù 1 ép pù p
1 Þ I= - = ,
2ò 2 êë 3 6 úû 12
I= ln ê ú dq
ë 1 + tan q û
0 Statement-1 is false
p
b b
14 é 2 ù
I = ò ln ê ú dq Q ò f ( x )dx = ò f (a + b - x ) dx
2
0
ë1 + tan q û a a
p It is fundamental property.
Statement -2 is true.
14
I = ò [ln 2 - ln(1 + tan q)]d q 119. (a) Consider
2
0 sin 2 x cos2 x
-1
p p
ò sin ( t ) dt + ò cos -1 ( t ) dt
4 4
1 1
2ò
ln 2.d q - ò ln(1 + tan q)d q
0 0
I=
2 Let I = f (x) after integrating and putting the limits.
0 0
1 p 4 f ¢(x) = sin -1 sin 2 x (2 sin x cos x) - 0
I = ln 2q -I (from eq. (i))
2
+ cos-1 cos2 x (-2 cos x sin x) - 0
0
1 æp ö \ f ¢(x) = 0 Þ f (x) = C (constant)
I + I = ln 2 çè - 0÷ø
2 4
p
1 p Now, we find f (x) at x =
2I = ´ ´ ln 2 4
2 4 1/2 1/2
p p \ I= ò sin -1 t dt + ò cos
-1
t dt
2I = ln 2 or I = ln 2
8 16 0 0

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Integrals M-409
1/2 1/2 y
-1
t + cos -1 t ) dt = p p
= ò (sin ò 2
dt = = C
4
122. (a) x = ò
dt
0 0 1+ t2 0
p 1 dy
\ f ( x) = Þ 1= .
4 2 dx
1+ y
p é y( x)
\ Required integration = êQ If I( x) = ò f (t ) dt , then
dI(x)
= f {y( x)} .
4
ê dx
p /2 ë f ( x )
sin 2 x
120. (d) I = ò
{ } { }
dx ...(i)
x ù
– p/2 1 + 2
d d
y ( x ) - f {f( x )} . f( x ) ú
dx dx û
p/2 2
p p
dx , by replacing x by æç - - x ö÷
sin x
Þ I= ò -x è2 2 ø
dy
= 1 - y2
-p/2 1 + 2 dx
p /2
2 x .sin 2 x d2y
Þ I= ò 1+ 2 x
dx ...(ii) Þ 2
=
1
. 2y .
dy
=
y
. 1+ y2 = y
-p /2 dx 2 1+ y 2 dx 1+ y 2
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
x +p
p /2 p /2
1 123. (b, c) g ( x + p ) = ò cos 4t dt
ò ò
2
2I = sin x dx = (1 - cos 2 x ) dx
2 0
-p /2 -p /2
x p+ x p
p/2
1 é sin 2 x ù = ò cos 4t dt + ò cos 4t dt = g ( x ) + ò cos 4t dt
Þ I= êë x + 2 úû
4 -p / 2 0 x 0
(it is clear from graph of cos 4t)
1 éæ p sin p ö æ p sin (-p) ö ù
= êçè 2 + 2 ÷ø - çè - 2 + ÷ú p+ x p
ë øû
4 2
ò cos 4t dt = ò cos 4t dt = g (x) + g (p) = g (x) – g (p)
1 ép pù p x 0
Þ I= + =
4 êë 2 2 úû 4 (QFrom graph of cos 4t, g (p) = 0)
7 p /3 0.9
ì 2 æ 2 - xö ü
121. (d) Let I = ò
7 p /4
tan 2 x dx 124. (d)
òí[ x ] + log ç
î
ý dx
è 2 + x ÷ø þ
-0.9
7 p /3 0.9 0.9
7 p /3 æ 2 - xö
= ò tan x dx = - log cos x 7 p /4 = ò [ x 2 ] dx + ò log ç
è 2 + x ÷ø
dx
7 p /4
-0.9 -0.9
é 7p 7p ù
= - ê log cos - log cos 0.9
ë 4 úû æ 2-x ö
ò
3 log ç
=0+ ÷ dx
7p 7p è 2+ x ø
= log cos - log cos -0.9
4 3
2-x
é 7p ù é æ p öù Put x = – x Þ f (x) = log
ê cos 4 ú ê cos çè 2p - 4 ÷ø ú 2+ x
= log ê ú = log ê ú
ê cos 7p ú ê cos æ 2p + p ö ú
ç ÷ and f (–x) = log
2+ x
= – log
(2 - x)
= – f (x)
ë 3 û êë è 3 ø ûú 2-x 2+ x
So, it is an odd function, hence
æ pö æ 1 ö Required integral = 0.
ç cos ÷ ç ÷
= log ç 4 = log ç 2 ÷
÷ a
p÷ ç ÷
ò [ x] = 0 where 0 £ a £ 1
çç cos 1
÷ ç ÷ 125. (d) Since
è 3ø è 2 ø
0
0.9
æ 2 ö
= log ç
è 2ø
÷ = log 2. \
ò [ x - 2[ x]]dx = 0
0

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M-410 Mathematics
a a
d e tan x æ pö
126. (a) Let G ( x) = , x Î ç 0, ÷ Applying ò f ( x) dx = ò f (a - x ) dx
dx x è 2ø 0 0
p /4
1 é æp öù
ò
1
2 2 2p x 2 =8 log ê1 + tan ç - q÷ ú d q
e tan px .dx
2 2
Now, I = ò e tan px × dx = ò 2 ë è4 øû
1 x 1 px 0
4 4 p /4 p /4
é 1 - tan q ù é 2 ù
Let px2 = t Þ 2px dx = dt =8 ò log êë1 + 1 + tan q úû d q = 8 ò log êë1 + tan q úû d q
0 0
1 p 1 p p /4
When x = , t = and x = , t =
2 4 4 16 =8 ò [log 2 - log(1 + tan q)]d q
0
p p
4 e tan t æ pö æ pö p14 p14

\I= ò dt = G (t ) 4p = G çè 4 ÷ø - G çè 16 ÷ø
p t = 8log 2 ò 1d q - 8 ò log(1 + tan q) d q
16 16 0 0
p /4
x x2 I = 8 × (log 2)[ x]0p /4 - 8 ò log(1 + tan q) d q
127. (d) Let ò t f ( t ) dt = sin x - x cos x -
e 2 0
By using Leibnit rule, we get p

I = 8 × × log 2 - I [From equation (i)]
4
d éx ù d é x2 ù
ê ò t f ( t ) dt ú = êsin x - x cos x - ú Þ 2I = 2p log 2
dx ë e û dx ëê 2 úû \ I = p log 2
Þ x f(x) – e f(e). 0 = x sin x – x 130. (a) p '( x ) = p '(1 - x )
p Þ p( x) = - p(1 - x ) + c
Now, put x = , we get
6 at x = 0
p(0) = – p(1) + c Þ 42 = c
p æ pö p p p
. f ç ÷ = .sin - Now, p( x ) = - p(1 - x) + 42
6 è 6ø 6 6 6
Þ p ( x ) + p (1 - x) = 42
æ pö p 1 1
Þ f ç ÷ = sin - 1 = - 1 = – 1
è 6ø 6 2 2 Let I = ò p ( x)dx ...(i)
0
1.5 1 2 1.5 1
ò x éë x ùû dx = ò x[ x ]dx + ò x éë x ùû dx + ò x éë x ùû dx
2 2 2 2
128. (c) Þ I = ò p(1 - x)dx ...(ii)
0 0 1 2
0
1 2 1.5 2 Adding eqn. (i) and (ii),
é 2ù
= ò x.0 dx + ò xdx + ò 2 xdx = 0 + ê x ú + é x 2 ù
1.5
1
ë û 2 I = ò (42) dx Þ I = 21
ë 2 û1
2
0 1 2
1 1 0
= ( 2 - 1) + ( 2.25 - 2) = + 0.25 p
ò0 [cot x] dx
2 2 1
131. (c) Let I = ....(i)
1 1 3
= + =
p p
ò0 [ cot (p - x) ] dx = ò0 [- cot x] dx
2 4 4
= ....(ii)
1
129. (d) I = 8 log(1 + x ) dx
ò 1+ x2 Adding eqn s (i) & (ii),
0 We get
Put x = tan q, p
\ dx = sec 2 qd q 2I = ò0 ([ cot x] + [ - cot x]) dx
p /4
\ I = 8 log(1 + tan q ) .sec 2 q dq p
ò 1 + tan 2 q = ò ( -1)dx
0
0
p /4 [ Q[ x] + [- x] = -1, if x Ïz and [x] + [–x] = 0, if x Î z]
I =8 ò log(1 + tan q )dq ...(i)
p
0 = [ - x ]0p = -p Þ I=–
2

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Integrals M-411
sin x
132. (b) We know that < 1 , for x Î (0, 1) e (log1 - log z ).z æ dz ö
x =ò çè - 2 ÷ø
sin x
1 z +1 z
Þ < x on x Î (0, 1)
x e log z æ dz ö
=ò - ç- ÷ [Q log1 = 0]
( z + 1) è z ø
1
1
sin x
1 é 2 x3 / 2 ù 1
Þ ò x
dx < ò xdx = ê
êë 3 úû 0
ú
e log z
=ò
0 0
dz
1 1 z ( z + 1)
sin x 2 2
Þ ò x
dx <
3
ÞI<
3 e log t
0 \ I= ò dt
1 t (t + 1)
cos x 1
Also < for xÎ(0, 1)
x x
b b
1 1
[By property òa f (t )dt = òa f ( x)dx ]
cos x 1
Þ ò x
dx < ò x –1/ 2 dx = éë 2 x ùû = 2
0
Now from eqn. (1)
0 0
e log t e log t
1
cos x F(e) = ò1 1 + t dt + ò1 t (1 + t ) dt
Þ ò x
dx < 2 Þ J < 2
0
e t.log t + log t e (log t )(t + 1)
dtp =ò dt = ò dt
x
t (1 + t ) t (1 + t )
ò = 1 1
133. (d) 2
t t -1 2
2
e log t
p é dx ù
Þ F(e) = ò1 t
dt
= sec -1 x ú
x
\ ésec t ù -1
= êQ ò
ë û
ëê ûú
2
2 2 x x -1 1
Let log t = x \
dt = dx
p t
Þ sec–1 x – sec–1 2 = [when t = 1, x = 0 and when t = e, x = log e = 1]
2
p p p p
Þ sec–1x – = Þ sec–1x = + é x2 ù
1
2 \ F(e) = 1 x dx
ò
4 2 4 F(e) = ê ú
3p 3p æ pö
= sec ç p - ÷
0
ëê 2 ûú 0
Þ sec–1x = Þ x = sec è
4 4 4ø
1
p Þ F(e) =
Þ x = - sec Þx=– 2 2
4
135. (b) Let a = k + h where k is an integer such that and 0 £ h < 1
æ 1ö Þ [a] = k
134. (c) Given that F (x) = f (x) + f ç ÷ ,where
è xø
a 2 3
x log t \ ò [ x] f '( x)dx = ò1 f '( x)dx + ò 2 f '( x)dx +
f (x) = ò1 1+ t
dt
1 1 2
\ F(e) = f (e) + f æç 1 ö÷ k k +h
è eø ...
ò ( k - 1) f '( x)dx + ò kf '( x )dx
k -1 k
t e log
1/ e log t
Þ F(e) =
1+ t ò1
dt + ò
1 1+ t
dt ...(1) = {f (2) – f (1)} + 2{f (3) – f (2)} + 3{f (4) – f (3)}
1/ e log t + ........ + (k – 1) {f (k) – f (k – 1)} + k{f (k + h) – f (k)}
Let I = ò dt = – f (1) – f (2) – f (3) ......... – f (k) + kf (k + h)
1 1+ t
1 1 dz = [a ] f (a) - { f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + ¼ f ([a])}
\ Put = z Þ - dt = dz Þ dt = –
2
t t z2 p
-
when t = 1 Þ z = 1 and when t = 1/e 2
Þ z=e 136. (c) I =
ò [( x + p)3 + cos 2 ( x + 3p)]dx
3p
æ 1ö -
log ç ÷ 2
e è z ø æ dz ö
\ I= ò1 -
1 çè z 2 ÷ø Put x + p = t
1+
z

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M-412 Mathematics
p p p p
2 2 2 é æp ö 2 ù
I= ò [t
3
+ cos2 t ]dt = 2 ò cos 2 tdt = 2 ´ 2 ò cos2 x dx = 4 ò sin 2 x dx êQ f çè - x ÷ø = f ( x) ú
p
ë 2 û
- 0 0 0
2 p p
[Q t3 is odd and cos2 t is even function]
ò (1 - cos )
2 2
p
Þ I = 2 ò sin x dx = 2
2 2
x dx
2
p
= ò (1 + cos 2t )dt = + 0 0 0
2 p p
0
2 2
p p Þ I = 2 ò dx - 2 ò cos x dx
2
137. (d) I = ò xf (sin x )dx = ò (p - x) f (sin x )dx 0 0
0 0
æ pö p
Þ I + I = 2ç ÷ = p Þ I =
p p è 2ø 2
= p ò f (sin x ) dx - I Þ 2 I = p ò f (sin x )dx
0 0 1 1
2 3
p p /2 140. (b) I1 = ò 2 x dx, I 2 = ò 2 x dx,
p
I = ò f (sin x )dx = p ò f (sin x )dx 0 0
20 0 1 1
[Q sin(p - x) = sin x] 2
I 3 = ò 2 x dx, I 4 = ò 2 x dx
3
p /2
0 0
= p ò f (cos x ) dx
x3 x2
0
Q2 < 2 , 0 < x <1
6 1 1
x
138. (b) I = ò … (1) 2 3
dx
ò 2 dx > ò 2 dx Þ I1 > I 2
x x
9- x + x Þ
3 0 0
6 x3
9- x and 2 > 2 , x > 1 x
I =ò dx … (2)
3
9-x+ x Þ I4 > I3
b b f ( x)
[Q ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx ]
4t 3
f ( x) ò 4t dt
3
a a 141. (d) lim ò dt = lim 0

Adding equation (1) and (2) x®2 x-2 x® 0 x-2
0
6 Applying L Hospital rule
2I = ò dx = [ x]63 = 3 Þ I = 3
2 [4 f ( x)3 f '( x)]
3 lim = 4( f (2))3 f '(2)
x ®2 1
p
cos 2 x
139. (b) Let I = ò x
dx ....(1) = 4 ´ 63 ´
1
= 18
-p 1 + a 48
p
cos 2 ( - x ) 142. (d) f ( x) =
ex e- x
ò
= 1
-x
dx
1+ e x Þ f ( - x) = -x
=
-p 1 + a 1+ e e +1
x
é b b ù \ f ( x ) + f (- x ) = 1 " x Î R
ê Using ò f ( x ) dx = ò f ( a + b - x ) dx ú
êë úû f (a )
ò
a a
Now I1 = xg{x(1 - x )}dx
p
a x cos 2 x f ( - a)
= ò
1+ ax
dx ...(2)
-p f (a )
Adding equations (1) and (2) we get
= ò (1 - x) g{x (1 - x )}dx
p æ 1+ a xö p f ( - a)
2I = ò cos ÷ dx = ò cos x dx
2 2
xç
è 1+ a x ø é b b ù
-p -p
ê using ò f ( x ) dx a = ò f ( a + b - x ) dx ú
p êë a a úû
= 2 ò cos 2 x dx [Q f (p – x) = f(x)]
0

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Integrals M-413
f ( a) f (a) -1 1 3
é x3 ù é x3 ù é x3 ù
Þ ò g{x(1 - x)}dx - ò xg ( x(1 - x)dx
= ê 3 - xú + ê x - 3 ú + ê 3 - xú
f ( -a ) f ( - a) êë úû -2 êë úû -1 êë úû1
= I 2 - I1 Þ 2 I1 = I 2
æ 1 ö æ 8 ö æ 2ö æ 27 ö æ 1 ö
= ç - + 1÷ - ç - + 2 ÷ + ç 2 - ÷ + ç - 3 ÷ - ç - 1÷
p è 3 ø è 3 ø è 3ø è 3 ø è3 ø
143. (b) Let I = ò xf (sin x )dx ...(i)
2 2 4 2 28
0
= + + +6+ =
We know that 3 3 3 3 3
a a p 1 1
ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a - x )dx = ò (p - x) f (sin x)dx ...(ii) 146. (d) I = ò x(1 - x )n dx = ò (1 - x )(1 - 1 + x)n dx
0 0 0 0 0
Adding (i) and (ii)

1 1
p
= ò (1 - x) x n dx = ò ( x n - x n +1 )dx
p 2
\ 2 I = pò f (sin x)dx = p.2 ò f (sin x)dx
0 0
1
2 0 é x n +1 x n + 2 ù 1 1
[Q sin(p - x) = sin x] =ê - ú = -
êë n + 1 n + 2 úû 0 n +1 n + 2
p
2 f ¢( x )
147. (d) Given that f ¢ ( x ) = f ( x) Þ =1
\ I = p ò f (sin x )dx Þ A = p f ( x)
0 Integrating both side we get
Let logx = t Þ et = x
log f ( x ) = x + c Þ f ( x) = e x + c
1
Þ dx = dt Þ dx = xdt Þ et dt .
x f (0) = 1 Þ f ( x ) = e x
p \ g(x) = x2 – f (x) = x2 – ex
2 2
(sin x + cos x )
144. (c) I = ò 1 + sin 2 x
dx 1 1
\ ò f ( x ) g ( x) dx = ò e x ( x 2 - e x ) dx
0
0 0
p /2 2
(sin x + cos x)
ò
1 1
= ò x 2 e x dx - ò e 2 x dx
0 (sin x + cos x ) 2
0 0
p
[ ] [ ] [ ]
p
1 1 1 1
2
(sin x + cos x )2
2 = x 2e x 0 - 2 xe x - e x 0 - e 2 x 0
I= ò
0
(sin x + cos x )
dx = (sin x + cosx)dx ò 2
0 é e2 1 ù
= e - ê - ú - 2[e - e + 1] = e - e - 3
2
é pù
êQ sin x + cos x > 0 if 0 < x < 2 ú ëê úû
2 2 2 2
ë û
p b b
or I = [ - cos x + sin x ]02 = 2 148. (c) I = ò xf ( x)dx = ò ( a + b - x ) f ( a + b - x) dx
a a
3 3
We know that
ò |1 - x ò|x
2 2
145. (d) | dx = - 1| dx
b b
-2 -2
Q ò f ( x)dx = ò f (a + b - x )dx
ì x 2 - 1 if x £ -1 a a
ïï b b
2 2
Now | x - 1|= í1 - x if -1 £ x £ 1 = (a + b )ò f (a + b - x)dx - ò xf (a + b - x )dx
ï 2
ïî x - 1 if x ³1 a a
b b
-1 1 3 = (a + b)ò f ( x ) dx - ò xf ( x )dx
\ Integral is ò (x - 1)dx + ò (1 - x )dx +ò ( x - 1)dx
2 2 2 a a
-2 -1 1 [Q Given that f(a + b – x) = f(x)]

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M-414 Mathematics
b when x = 0, t = 1 and when x = p, t = –1

2I = (a + b)ò f ( x)dx -1 1
1 1
a \ I = -2 p ò 1 + t 2 dt = 2p ò 1 + t 2 dt
b -1
( a + b) 1
2 ò
Þ I= f ( x )dx 1
= 2p éë tan t ùû = 2p éë tan 1 - tan ( -1) ùû
-1 -1 -1
a -1
2 é p æ -p ö ù p
d x 2
ò sec tdt = 2p ê 4 - ç 4 ÷ ú = 2p. 2 = p2
ë è øû
dx 0 sec 2 x 2 .2 x
149. (d) lim = lim 152. (d) We know that [x] is greatest integer function less than
x ®0 d x ® 0 sin x + x cos x
( x sin x) equal to x
dx
2 1 2
ò éë x
2ù
(by L’ Hospital rule) \ dx = ò é x 2 ù dx + ò é x 2 ù dx +
2 sec2 x 2 2 ´1 û ë û ë û
lim = =1 0 0 1
x ® 0 æ sin x ö 1+1
çè + cos x ÷ø 3 2
éx2 ù + é x 2 ù dx
x
t
ò ë û ò ë û
2 3
150. (c) F (t ) = ò f (t - y ) g ( y )dy
1 2 3 2
0
t t = ò 0dx + ò 1dx + ò 2dx + ò 3dx
= ò et - y ydy = et ò e - y ydy 0 1 2 3
0 0
= [ x ]1 + [ 2 x ] + [ 3x]
2 3 2
t t
= et é - ye - y - e - y ù = - et é ye - y + e - y ù 2 3
ë û0 ë û0
= 2 -1 + 2 3 - 2 2 + 6 - 3 3
é t + 1 - et ù
= - e ét e -t + e - t - 0 - 1ù = - et ê
t
ú = 5- 3 - 2
ë û êë e
t
úû
p/4
= et - (1 + t ) 153. (b) I n + I n + 2 = ò tan n x(1 + tan 2 x )dx
0
p 2 x (1 + sin x) p/4
151. (b) ò-p dx p/4 é tan n +1 x ù
ò
n 2
1 + cos x 2
= tan x sec x dx = ê ú
0 êë n + 1 úû 0
p 2 x dx p x sin x
= ò-p + 2ò
-p 1 + cos 2
dx é x n +1 ù
1 + cos2 x x êQ ò x dx =
n
ú
ë n + 1û
p x sin x dx
= 0+4 ò0 ; =
1- 0
=
1
1 + cos2 x n +1 n + 1
We know that 1
\ In + In+2 = Þ n®¥lim n [I + I ]
a
n +1 n n+2
Q ò f (x)dx = 0 , if f (x) is odd.
1 n = lim n
-a = lim n. = lim =1
n ®¥ n + 1 n®¥ n + 1 n ®¥ æ 1ö
a n ç1 + ÷
= 2 ò f ( x)dx , if f (x) is even è nø
0 10 p p
I = 4 ò0
p (p - x) sin (p - x )
dx
154. (a) I = ò | sin x | dx = 10ò | sin x | dx
1 + cos2 (p - x ) 0 0
[Q sin(10p - x) = sin x]
p (p - x ) sin x p
I=4 ò0
1 + cos 2 x
dx
= 10ò sin x dx
p sin x dx 0
x sin x dx
Þ I = 4pò - 4ò Q sin x > 0, for 0 < x < p.
0 1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x
as sin (p – x) = sinx
p sin x
Þ 2I = 4p ò dx p /2
0 1 + cos 2 x p /2
I = 20 ò sin x dx = 20 [ - cos x ]0 = 20
put cos x = t Þ - sin x dx = dt 0

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Integrals M-415
1
. n a +1 + a1n a + a 2 n a -1 + .......
x
155. (a) F ( x) = ò t 2 g (t )dt (a + 1) 1
158. (a) lim =
n ®¥
1
æ 1ö 60
1+
Differentiate by using Leibnit’s rule, we get a -1 2ç ÷
( n + 1) . n çè a + n
÷
x 2 ø
F ¢(x) = x2g(x) = x 2 ò f (u )du ...(i)
a a a
1 æ 1ö æ 2ö æ nö
çè ÷ø + çè ÷ø + ....... + çè ÷ø 1
At x = 1, Þ lim n n n =
n ®¥ 60
é n ( n + 1) ù
1
( n + 1)a -1 ê n 2 a + ú
F ¢(1) = 1ò f (u )du = 0 ë 2 û
1
n a
Now, differentiate eqn (i) lim 1 æ rö
n ®¥
n
å çè n ÷ø 1
x r =1
= =
F ¢¢( x ) = x 2 f ( x ) - 2 x ò f (u)du a -1
é 1 æ 1ö ù 60
æ 1ö
1 çè1 + ÷ø êa + 2 çè1 + n ÷ø ú
n ë û
At x =1,
1 1 a 1
F ¢¢(1) = 1. f (1) - 2 ´1.ò f (u)du òx
= 0
dx
=
1
= +1 =
a 1
1 æ 1 ö 60 a + 1 60
ça + ÷
= f (1) – 2 × 0 = f(1) è 2ø 2
F ²(1) = 3
1
Then, for F ¢(1) = 0, F ²(1) = 3 > 0
Hence, x = 1 is a point of local minima. Þ a +1 = 1
æ 1ö 60
ça + ÷
1 1 1 è 2ø
(n + 1) 3 + (n + 2) 3 + ... + (n + n) 3 Þ (a + 1) (2a + 1) = 120
lim
156. (a) n ®¥ 1
Þ 2a2 + 3a – 119 = 0
n(n) 3 Þ 2a2 + 17a – 14a – 119 = 0
Þ (a – 7) (2a + 17) = 0
1
n
(n + r) 3 17
Þ a = 7, -
= lim
n ®¥
å 1 2
r =1
n.n 3 1
æ (n + 1)(n + 2)...3n ö n
1 1 159. (d) y = lim ç ÷
é r 1 dù n ®¥ è n 2n ø
= ò (1 + x) dx êëQ n ® x and n ® x úû
3
0 1 æ 1 öæ 2 ö æ 2n ö
ln y = lim ln ç1 + ÷ç1 + ÷ ....ç1 + ÷
1 n ®¥ n è n øè n ø è n ø
é 4ù 4
ê 3 (1 + x) 3 ú = 3 (2) 3 - 3 1é æ 1ö æ 2ö æ 2n ö ù
= ê4 ú 4 4 ln y = lim êln çè1 + n ÷ø + ln çè1 + n ÷ø + .... + ln çè1 + n ÷ø ú
ë û0 n®¥ n ë û
1 2n æ rö
n 2n
dx
å n 2 + r 2 = ò 1 + x2
2
= lim å ln ç 1 + n ÷ø = ò02 ln(1 + x)dx
n ®¥ n r =1 è
157. (d) Let L = nlim
®฀
r =1 0
Let 1 + x = t Þ dx = dt
é r 1 ù when x = 0, t = 1
êëQ n ® x, r ® dx úû x = 2, t = 3
-1 2 æ 33 ö æ 27 ö
= éë tan x ùû
3
ln y = ò ln t d t = [t ln t – t ]1 = ln ç 2 ÷ = ln ç 2 ÷
3
0 1 èe ø èe ø
= tan–12
27
Þ y=
e2

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M-416 Mathematics
dx r2 2
160. (a) Let f (x) = ò sin6 x lim
n®¥ n
r
2
n2
sec2= lim
1 r
n®¥ n n
. sec 2 r
n2
ò cosec Þ Given limit is equal to value of integral

6
f(x) = x dx
1
From reduction formula, we have
ò x sec
2 2
x dx
n-2
In = ò cosec x dx = - cosec x cot x + n - 2 I n -2
n 0
n -1 n -1 1
1
1
1
cosec 4 x cot x 4 é –cosec2 x cot x 2 ù

or
2 ò 2 x sec x 2 dx = ò sec 2 tdt
2
[put x 2 = t ]
\ f(x) = - + ê + I2 ú 0 0
5 5 ëê 3 3 ûú 1 1
1
= (tan t )0 = tan1 .
2 2
cosec4 x cot x 4 8
= - - cosec2 x.cot x + [- cot x ] n r

5 15 15 1
162. (b) n®¥ å e n [Using definite integrals as limit of sum]
Lim
-(1 + cot 2 x )2 .cot x 4 r =1
n
= - (1 + cot 2 x)cot x
5 15 1
8 = ò e x dx = e - 1
- (- cot x) (Q cosec2 x = 1 + cot 2 x) 0
15
-1 é 4 14 + 24 + 34 + .......n4
= 1 + cot 4 x + 2cot 2 x ù cot x - écot x + cot3 x ù 163. (a) lim -
5 ë û 15 ë û n®¥ n5
8
- cot x 13 + 23 + 33 + ....... + n3
15 lim
n®¥ n5
-1
= [cot x + cot 5 x + 2cot 3 x] 4 3
5 1 n æ rö 1 1 æ rö
= lim S ç ÷ - lim . lim ç ÷
-4 4 8 n®¥ n r =1 è n ø n®¥ n n® ¥ n è n ø
cot x - cot 3 x - cot x
15 15 15 1 1 é x5 ù
1
1 1
= ò x dx - lim n ´ ò x dx = ê ú - 0 =
4 3
5
-15 cot x 10 3 n ®¥
ëê 5 úû 0 5
= cot x - - cot x 0 0
15 5 15
1p + 2 p + .... + n p
- cot 5 x 2 3 164. (a) We have lim ;
= - cot x - cot x n® ¥ n p+1
5 3
It is a polynomial of degree 5 in cot x. 1
n
rp é x p +1 ù
1
1
é1 ù
lim å p = ò x dx = ê ú
p
=
2 1 2 2 4
ê 2 sec 2 + 2 sec 2 ú
n ®¥ r =1 n × n
ëê p + 1 ûú
0 0
p +1
161. (d) lim ê n n n n ú is equal to
n ®¥ ê 3 2 9 1 2 ú
ê + sec + .... + sec 1ú
ë n2 n2 n û

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23
Applications of
Integrals
4. The area (in sq. units) of the region

Curve & X-axis Between two A = {(x, y) ÎR × R|0 d” x d”3, 0 d” y d” 4, y d” x2 + 3x} is :
Ordinates, Area of the Region [April 8, 2019 (I)]
TOPIC Ć Bounded by a Curve & Y-axis
Between two Abscissa 53 59 26
(a) (b) 8 (c) (d)
6 6 3
1. The area (in sq. units) of the region 5. The area of the region
A = {(x, y): 0 £ y £ x |x| + 1 and – 1 £ x £ 1} in sq. units is:
A= {( x, y) : ( x - 1)[ x] £ y £ 2 x , 0 £ x £ 2}, where [t] [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
denotes the greatest integer function, is :
2 4 1
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] (a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
3 3 3
8 1 4
(a) 2- (b) 2 +1 6. Let g(x) = cos x 2 ,f (x) = x , and a, b (a < b) be the
3 2 3
8 4 1 roots of the quadratic equation 18x 2 - 9 px + p 2 = 0 . Then
(c) 2 -1 (d) 2-
3 3 2 the area (in sq. units) bounded by the curve y = (gof)(x)
and the lines x = a, x = b and y = 0 , is : [2018]
1
{( x, y) : 0 £ y £ x + 1, 0 £ y £ x + 1, £ x £ 2} is :
2
1 1
2 (a) ( 3 + 1) (b) ( 3 - 2)
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] 2 2
23 79 79 23 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) ( 2 - 1) (d) ( 3 - 1)
16 24 16 6 2 2
7. Let f : [ – 2, 3] ® [0, ¥ ) be a continuous function such
ì 1
ï x , 0£x< that f (1– x) = f (x) for all x Î [-2, 3] .
2
ï If R1 is the numerical value of the area of the region
ï 1 1
3. Given: f(x) = í , x= bounded by y = f (x), x = –2, x = 3 and the axis of x and
ï 2 2
ï 1 3
ï1 - x , 2 < x £ 1 R2 = ò x f ( x) dx, then : [Online April 25, 2013]
î
-2
2 (a) 3R1 = 2R2 (b) 2R1 = 3R2
æ 1ö
and g(x) = ç x - ÷ , x Î R. Then the area (in sq. units) of (c) R1 = R2 (d) R1 = 2R2
è 2ø 8. Let f (x) be a non – negative continuous function such that
the region bounded by the curves, y = f(x) and y = g(x) the area bounded by the curve y = f (x), x - axis and the
between the lines, 2x = 1 and 2x = 3, is : p p
[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] ordinates x = and x = b > is
4 4
1
+
3 3 1
-
1
-
3 1
+
3 æ p ö æ pö
(a) (b) (c) (d) ç b sin b + cos b + 2b ÷ . Then f ç ÷ is [2005]
3 4 4 3 2 4 2 4 è 4 ø è 2ø

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M-418 Mathematics
(a) x6 – 6x3 + 4 = 0 (b) x6 – 12x3 + 4 = 0

æp ö æp ö
(a) ç + 2 - 1÷
6 3
(c) x + 6x – 4 = 0 (d) x6 – 12x3 – 4 = 0
(b) ç - 2 + 1÷
è4 ø è 4 ø 17. The area (in sq. units) of the region
{(x, y) Î R2: x2 £ y £ |3 – 2x|, is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
æ p ö æ p ö
(c) ç1 - - 2 ÷ (d) ç1 - + 2 ÷ 32 34 29 31
è 4 ø è 4 ø (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
9. The area enclosed between the curve y = log e ( x + e) and 18. If the area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : y2 £ 4x,
the coordinate axes is [2005] x + y £ 1, x ³ 0, y ³ 0} is a 2 + b, then a – b is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
: [April 12, 2019 (I)]
10. If y = f(x) makes +ve intercept of 2 and 0 unit on x and y
axes and encloses an area of 3/4 square unit with the axes 10 8 2
(a) (b) 6 (c) (d) -
2 3 3 3
then ò xf ¢( x)dx is [2002] 19. If the area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola y2 = 4lx
0 1
and the line y = lx, l > 0, is , then l is equal to :
(a) 3/2 (b) 1 (c) 5/4 (d) –3/4 9
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
Different Cases of Area Bounded (a) 2 6 (b) 48 (c) 24 (d) 4 3
TOPIC n Between the Curves
20. The region represented by x - y £ 2 and x + y £ 2 is
11. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by a : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
A = {(x, y) : |x| + |y| £ 1, 2y2 ³ |x|} is : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (a) square of side length 2 2 units
1 7 1 5 (b) rhombus of side length 2 units
(a) (b) (c) (d) (c) square of area 16 sq. units
3 6 6 6
12. The area (in sq. units) of the region enclosed by the curves (d) rhombus of area 8 2 sq. units
y = x2 – 1 and y = 1 – x2 is equal to: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] 21. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curves
y = 2x and y = |x + 1|, in the first quadrant is :
4 8 7 16 [April 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 2 3
3 3
(a) loge 2 + (b)
13. Consider a region R = {( x, y)ÎR 2 : x 2 £ y £ 2 x}. If a line 2 2
y = a divides the area of region R into two equal parts, 3 1
1
then which of the following is true? [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] (c) (d) 2 - log 2
2 e
(a) a3 - 6a 2 + 16 = 0 (b) 3a 2 - 8a 3/ 2 + 8 = 0 22. The area (in sq. units) of the region
(c) 3a - 8a + 8 = 0
2
(d) a - 6a - 16 = 0
3 3/ 2 A = {(x, y) : x2 £ y £ x + 2} is: [April 9, 2019 (I)]
14. The area of the region, enclosed by the circle x2 + y2 = 2 10 9 31 13
which is not common to the region bounded by the (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 6 6
parabola y2 = x and the straight line y = x, is: 23. The area (in sq. units) of the region
[Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
(a) (24p – 1) (b) (6p – 1) y2
A = {( x, y) : £ x £ y + 4} is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(c) (12p – 1) (d) (12p – 1)/6 2
{(x, y) ÎR2|4x2 £ y £ 8x + 12} is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] 53
(a) (b) 30 (c) 16 (d) 18
3
125 128 124 127
(a) (b) (c) (d) 24. Let S(a) = {(x, y) : y £ x, 0 £ x £ a} and A(a) is area of the
2
3 3 3 3 region S(a). If for a l, 0 < l < 4, A(l) : A(a) = 2 : 5, then l
16. For a > 0, let the curves C1: y2 = ax and C2: x2= ay intersect equals : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
at origin O and a point P. Let the line x = b (0 < b < a) 1 1
intersect the chord OP and the x-axis at points Q and R, æ 4 ö3
(b) 2 æç ö÷
2 3
(a) 2 ç ÷
respectively. If the line x = b bisects the area bounded by è 25 ø è5ø
1
the curves, C1 and C2, and the area of DOQR = , then 1 1
2 æ 2 ö3
(d) 4 æç ö÷
4 3
(c) 4 ç ÷
‘a’ satisfies the equation: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] è5ø è 25 ø

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Applications of Integrals M-419
25. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the
1 p 1 2p
parabola, y = x2 + 2 and the lines, y = x + 1, x = 0 and x = 3, (a) + (b) +
is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] 2 3 3 3 3
1 2p 1 4p
(a)
15
(b)
21
(c)
17
(d)
15
(c) + (d) +
4 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 3
26. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve 34. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : y2 ³ 2x and
x2 + y2 £ 4x, x ³ 0, y ³ 0} is : [2016]
x 2 = 4 y and the straight line x = 4 y – 2 is :
4 2 p 2 2
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] (a) p - (b) -
3 2 3
5 9 7 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 4 8
4 8 8 4 (c) p - (d) p -
3 3
27. The area (in sq. units) in the first quadrant bounded by the 35. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by
parabola, y = x2 + 1, the tangent to it at the point (2, 5) and A = {(x, y)| y ³ x2 – 5x + 4, x + y ³ 1, y £ 0} is:
the coordinate axes is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] [Online April 9, 2016]
8 37 187 14 19 17 7 13
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 24 24 3 6 6 2 6
28. If the area enclosed between the curves y = kx2 and 36. The area (in sq. units) of the region described by
x = ky2, (k > 0), is 1 square unit. Then k is: {(x, y) : y2 £ 2x and y ³ 4x – 1} is [2015]
[Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] 15 9 7 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
64 32 32 64
3 1 2
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 37. The area (in square units) of the region bounded by the
2 3 3 curves y + 2x2 = 0 and y + 3x2 = 1, is equal to :
29. The area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola y = x2 –1, the [Online April 10, 2015]
tangent at the point (2, 3) to it and the y-axis is: 3 1 4 3
[Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 3 4
8 32 56 14 38. The area of the region described by
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
30. If the area of the region bounded by the curves, y = x2,
A= {( x, y ) : x 2
}
+ y 2 £ 1 and y 2 £ 1 - x is: [2014]
1 p 2 p 2 p 4 p 4
y= and the lines y = 0 and x = t (t > 1) is 1 sq. unit, then (a) - (b) + (c) + (d) -
x 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
t is equal to [Online April 16, 2018] 39. The area of the region above the x-axis bounded by the
p
(a)
4
(b) e 2/3 (c)
3
(d) e 3/2 curve y = tan x, 0 £ x £ and the tangent to the curve at
3 2 2
31. The area (in sq. units) of the region p
x= is: [Online April 19, 2014]
{x Î R : x ³ 0, y ³ 0, y ³ x – 2 and y £ x } , is 4
1æ 1ö 1æ 1ö
[Online April 15, 2018] (a) ç log 2 - ÷ (b) ç log 2 + ÷
2è 2ø 2è 2ø
13 10 5 8
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 1
3 3 3 3 (c) (1 - log 2 ) (d) (1 + log 2 )
32. The area (in sq. units) of the region 2 2
40. Let A = {(x, y): y2 £ 4x, y – 2x ³ – 4}. The area (in square
{(x, y) : x ³ 0, x + y £ 3, x2 £ 4y and y £ 1 + x } is : units) of the region A is: [Online April 9, 2014]
[2017] (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
41. The area (in square units) bounded by the curves
5 59 3 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) y = x , 2y – x + 3 = 0, x-axis, and lying in the first quadrant
2 12 2 3
33. The area (in sq. units) of the smaller portion enclosed is : [2013]
between the curves, x2 + y2 = 4 and y2 = 3x, is : 27
[Online April 8, 2017] (a) 9 (b) 36 (c) 18 (d)
4

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M-420 Mathematics
52. The area of the region enclosed by the curves

p
42. The area under the curve y = | cos x – sin x |, 0 £ x £ , 1
2 y = x, x = e, y = and the positive x-axis is [2011]
and above x-axis is : [Online April 23, 2013] x
3
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 2 - 2 (a) 1 square unit (b) square units
2
(c) 2 2 + 2 (d) 0
5 1
43. The area of the region (in sq. units), in the first quadrant (c) square units (d) square unit
2 2
bounded by the parabola y = 9x2 and the lines x = 0, y = l
and y = 4, is : [Online April 22, 2013] 53. The area bounded by the curves y = cos x and
(a) 7/9 (b) 14/3 (c) 7/3 (d) 14/9 3p
y = sin x between the ordinates x = 0 and x = is
44. The area bounded by the curve y = ln (x) and the lines 2
y = 0, y = ln (c) and x = 0 is equal to :[Online April 9, 2013] [2010]
(a) 3 (b) 3 ln (c) – 2

(a) 4 2 + 2 (b) 4 2 - 1
(c) 3 ln (c) + 2 (d) 2
45. The area between the parabolas x 2 =
y
and (c) 4 2 + 1 (d) 4 2 - 2
4 54. The area of the region bounded by the parabola
x2 = 9y and the straight line y = 2 is : [2012] (y – 2)2 = x –1, the tangent of the parabola at the point
10 2 20 2 (2, 3) and the x-axis is: [2009]
(a) 20 2 (b) (c) (d) 10 2 (a) 6 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 3
3 3
46. The area bounded by the parabola y2 = 4x and the line 55. The area of the plane region bounded by the curves
2x – 3y + 4 = 0, in square unit, is [Online May 26, 2012] x + 2y2 = 0 and x + 3y2 = 1is equal to [2008]
2 1 1 5 1 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) (a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
5 3 2 3 3 3 3
47. The area of the region bounded by the cur ve 56. The area enclosed between the curves y2 = x and y = | x | is
y = x3, and the lines, y = 8, and x = 0, is [2007]
[Online May 19, 2012] (a) 1/6 (b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) 1
(a) 8 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 16
2
57. The parabolas y 2 = 4 x and x = 4 y divide the square
48. If a straight line y – x = 2 divides the region x2 + y 2 £ 4
region bounded by the lines x = 4, y = 4 and the coordinate
into two parts, then the ratio of the area of the smaller part
axes. If S1 , S2 , S3 are respectively the areas of these parts
to the area of the greater part is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) 3p – 8 : p + 8 (b) p – 3 : 3p + 3 numbered from top to bottom; then S1 : S2 : S3 is [2005]
(c) 3p – 4 : p + 4 (d) p – 2 : 3p + 2 (a) 1 : 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 : 3 (c) 2 : 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1 : 1
49. The area enclosed by the curves y = x 2 , y = x 3 ,
58. The area of the region bounded by the curves
x = 0 and x = p, where p > 1, is 1/6. The p equals
[Online May 12, 2012] y =| x - 2 |, x = 1, x = 3 and the x-axis is [2004]
(a) 8/3 (b) 16/3 (c) 2 (d) 4/3 (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1
50. The parabola y2 = x divides the circle x2 + y2 = 2 into two 59. The area of the region bounded by the curves
parts whose areas are in the ratio [Online May 7, 2012]
(a) 9p + 2 : 3p – 2 (b) 9p – 2 : 3p + 2 y = x - 1 and y = 3 - x is [2003]
(c) 7p – 2 : 2p – 3 (d) 7p + 2 : 3p + 2 (a) 6 sq. units (b) 2 sq. units
51. The area bounded by the curves [2011 RS] (c) 3 sq. units (d) 4 sq. units.
y 2 = 4 x and x2 = 4y is: 60. The area bounded by the curves y = lnx, y = ln |x|,y = | ln x
| and y = | ln |x| | is [2002]
32 16 (a) 4sq. units (b) 6 sq. units
(a) sq units (b) sq units
3 3 (c) 10 sq. units (d) none of these
8
(c) sq. units (d) 0 sq. units
3

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1. (a) [x] = 0 when x Î [0, 1) and [x] = 1 when x Î[1, 2)
ì 0 0 £ x <1 æ1 1ö
Sç ÷
y=í è 2 2ø
îx -1 1 £ x < 2
y =2 x æ1 ö
P = ç 0÷
è2 ø
y=x–1
æ1 ö Q( 3 / 2 0)
P = ç 0÷
1 2 è2 ø 3
x=
2
2
ò
1
\ A = 2 x dx - (1)(1) Required area = Area of trapeium PQRS
2
0 3/2 2
æ 1ö
3/ 2 2
- ò ç x - ÷ dx
è 2ø
4x 1 8 2 1 1/2
= - = -
3 0
2 3 2
3/2
1 æ 3 - 1 öæ 1 3 ö 1ææ 1ö ö
3
= çç ÷ç + 1 - ÷ - çç x - ÷ ÷
2. (b) 2 è 2 øè ÷ç 2 2 ø÷ 3 ç è 2ø ÷
(2, 3) è ø1/2
2 )
(1, =
3 1
-
4 3
1 4. (c) Since, the relation y £ x2 + 3x represents the region
below the parabola in the 1st quadrant
1 1 2 (0, ) (1, )
2
1 2
Required area = ò ( x 2 + 1)dx + ò ( x + 1)dx (–3, 0)
1 1 (0, 0) (1, 0) (3, 0)
2
1 2
é x3 ù é x2 ù
= ê + x ú + ê + xú
3 2 Q y=4
ë û1 ë û1
2 Þ x2 + 3x = 4 Þ x = 1, – 4
\ the required area = area of shaded region
é 4 13 ù 5 79
=ê - ú+ = .
ë 3 24 û 2 24 1 3 é x3 3 x2 ù
1
= ò ( x + 3 x) dx + ò 4.dx = ê +
2 3
ú + [4 x ]1
æ 3 ö æ 3
0 1 ë3 2 û0
3ö
(b) Coordinates of P æç ,0 ö÷ , Q ç
1
3. , 0 ÷, R ç ,1 - ÷
ç
è2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ÷ ç 2 ÷ø 1 3 59
= + +8 =
3 2 6
and S æç , ö÷
1 1
è2 2ø

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M-422 Mathematics
5. (b) Given A = {(x, y) : 0 £ y £ x|x| + 1 and –1 £ x £ 1} Differentiating w. r . t b , we get

p
f ( b ) = b cos b + sin b – sin b + 2
4
æ pö æ pö p p
f ç ÷ =b× 0 + ç1- ÷ sin + 2 = 1- + 2
è 2ø è 4ø 2 4
y
9. (a)
y=loge(x+e)
0)
(1–e,
(0,1)
\ Area of shaded region x
0
0 1
= ò (- x + 1)dx + ò ( x + 1)dx
2 2
-1 0
0 1
æ x3 ö æ x3 ö
= ç - + x÷ + ç + x÷ x+e=0
è 3 ø -1 è 3 ø0
0 0
æ1 ö æ1 ö
Required area A = ò ydx = ò log e ( x + e)dx
= 0 - çè - 1÷ø + çè + 1÷ø - (0 + 0) 1-e 1- e
3 3
put x + e = t Þ dx = dt also when x = 1 – e, t = 1 and when
2 4 6 x = 0, t = e
= + = = 2 square units e
\ A = ò loge tdt = [ t log e t - t ]1
3 3 3 e
6. (d) Here, 18x2 – 9px + p2 = 0
1
Þ (3x – p) (6x – p) = 0
e - e - 0 +1 = 1
p p
Þ a= ,b= Hence the required area is 1 square unit.
6 3 2
3
Also, gof(x) = cosx 10. (d) Given that ò f ( x)dx = 4 ; Now,,
p /3 0
\ Req. area = ò cos xdx = 3 - 1 2 2 2
p /6 2
ò xf ¢( x)dx = xò f ¢( x)dx - ò f ( x)dx
7. (d) We have 0 0 0
3 3 3 3
2
= [ x f ( x)]0 -
= 2 f (2) -
R2 = òx f ( x) dx = ò (1 - x) f (1 - x) dx 4 4
-2 -2
3 3
é b b ù = 0 - (Q f (2) = 0) = - .
ê Using ò f ( x ) dx = ò f (a + b - x) dx ú 4 4
êë a a úû 1
11. (d) A 2
3 P
1, 1
ò (1 - x) f ( x) dx
B
Þ R2 = 2 2
-2 O
(Q f (x) = f (1 – x) on [– 2, 3])
3 3
\ R2 + R2 = ò x f ( x ) dx + ò (1 - x ) f ( x ) dx
-2 -2
3
é 1 ù
= ò f ( x ) dx = R1 1
Required area = 4 ê ò 2 2 y 2 dy + area( DPAB) ú
-2 êë 0 2 úû
Þ 2R2 = R1C-
é2 3 1 1 1 1ù é 2 1 1ù
8. (d) From given condition = 4 ê éë y ùû 2 + ´ ´ ú = 4 ê ´ + ú
b ëê 3 0 2 2 2 ûú ë 3 8 8û
p
ò f ( x )dx = b sin b +
4
cos b + 2b
= 4´
5 5
= .
p/4 24 6

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12. (b) Required area

y 1
= 2p - ò x - xdx
y = x2 – 1
0
x 1
æ 2 x3/2 x 2 ö
y = 1 – x2 = 2p - ç - ÷
ç 3 2 ÷ø
è 0
1
(
Area = 2ò (1 - x 2 ) - ( x 2 - 1) dx ) æ2 1ö
è 3 2 ø
æ 1 ö 12p - 1
= 2p - ç - ÷ = 2p - ç ÷ =
è6ø 6
0
1
= 4ò (1 - x 2 ) dx 15. (b)
0
1
æ x3 ö æ 1ö 2 8
= 4ç x - ÷ = 4 ç1 - ÷ = 4 × = sq. units
è 3ø è 3ø 3 3
0
13. (b) Let y = x2 and y = 2x
2
y y=x
Given curves are
y = 2x 4x2 = y ...(i)
4
(2, 4) y = 8x + 12 ...(ii)
y=a From eqns. (i) and (ii),
x' x 4x2 = 8x + 12
O Þ x2 – x – 3 = 0
Þ x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
Þ x2 – 3x + x – 3 = 0
y'
Þ (x + 1) (x – 3) = 0
According to question Þ x = – 1, 3
Required area bounded by curves is given by
aæ yö 4æ yö
\ ò ç y - ÷ dy = òa çè y - ÷ dy
0 è 2ø 2ø 3
ò (8 x + 12 - 4 x
2
A= )dx
a 4
é ù a é ù 4 -1
ê y 3/ 2 ú é y2 ù ê y 3/ 2 ú é y2 ù
Þê ú -ê ú = ê 3 ú -ê ú 3
ê 3 ú ë 4 û0 ê ú ë 4 ûa 8 x2 4 x3
A= + 12 x -
ë 2 û0 ë 2 ûa 2 3
-1
2 a2 2 1
Þ a 3/ 2 - = (8 - a3/ 2 ) - (16 - a 2 ) æ 4ö
3 4 3 4 = (4(9) + 36 - 36) - ç 4 - 12 + ÷
è 3ø
4 3/ 2 a 2 4
Þ a - =
3 2 3 4 4 132 - 4 128
= 36 + 8 - = 44 - = =
Þ 8a 3/ 2 - 3a 2 = 8 3 3 3 3
16. (b) Given eqns. are, x2 = ay and y2 = ax
\ 3a 2 - 8a 3/ 2 + 8 = 0
14. (d) Total area – enclosed area between line and parabola
x2 = ay
, a)
)
b, b
B(a
y2 㦨 ax
Q(
0 O A R
- 2 1 2
- 2
x㦨b

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After solving, we get x = a, y = a

Þ (y + 2)2 = 8 Þ y + 2 = ±2 2
Now, coordinates of B is (a, a) and A is (0, 0)
Now, coordinates of Q is (b, b) Hence, required area
1 2 1 3- 2 2
\ b = Þ b =1 1
2 2 = ò 2 x dx + ´ (2 2 - 2) ´ (2 2 - 2)
2
0
Area bounded by curves and x = 1 is
1æ 3- 2 2
1/2 x ö 1 æ ö
2 a 2
1/2 x é 2 3/2 ù 1
òç
ç a x -
a ø
÷
÷
dx = ò
2 è
ç ax -
ç a
÷ dx
÷ = ê2 ´ x ú
ë 3 û0
+ (8 + 4 - 8 2)
0è ø
0
2
1 a2 4
Þ
2
a- = = ´ (3 - 2 2) 3 - 2 2 + 6 - 4 2
3 3a 6 3
Þ 4a a - 2 = a 3 4
(3 - 2 2)( 2 - 1) + 6 - 4 2
=
Þ a6 + 4a3 + 4 = 16a3 3
Þ a6 – 12a3 + 4 = 0
[Q( 2 - 1)2 = 3 - 2 2]
17. (a) Point of intersection of y = x2 and y = – 2x + 3 is
obtained by x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 4
= (3 2 - 3 - 4 + 2 2) + 6 - 4 2
Y 3
10 8
=- + 2 =a 2+b
3 3
X
–3 1 10 8
\ a = 8/3 and b = – 10/3 Þ a - b = + =6
3 3
19. (c) Given parabola y2 = 4lx and the line y = lx
Þ x = – 3, 1
1
So, required area = ò (line - parabola)dz 4
-3
l
1
é 3 ù1
2 x
ò
2
= (3 - 2 x - x ) dx = ê 3 x - x - ú
4
-3 ëê 3 ûú
-3 Putting y = l in y2 = 4lx, we get x = 0,
l
æ 12 - 32 ö æ 13 + 33 ö 28 32
= (3)4 - 2 ç ÷-ç ÷
ç 2 ÷ ç 3 ÷ = 12 + 8 - 3 = 3
4
è ø è ø l
18. (b) Consider y2 = 4x and x + y = 1

\ required area = ò (2 lx - lx)dx
0
y
y2 = 4x 4/ l
2 l .x 3/2 lx 2 32 8
= - = -
P (3 - 2 2 2 2 - 2) 3/ 2 2
0
3l l
x
O (1 0) 8 1
= = Þ l = 24
x+y㦨1 3l 9
20. (a) Let, C1 : | y – x | £ 2
C2 : | y + x | £ 2
Substituting x = 1 – y in the equation of parabola, By the diagram, region is square
y2 = 4(1 – y) Þ y2 + 4y – 4 = 0

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23. (d)
(x 㦨 y 졔 4)
(8 4)
Required area
dy
(2 –2)
2
2
y 㦨 2x
ì y2 ü
Given region, A = í( x, y ) :
2
£ x £ y + 4ý
î 2 þ
Now, length of side = 22 + 22 = 2 2
21. (d)
4 4 æ y2 ö
Hence, area = ò x dy = ò çç y + 4 - ÷ dy
2 ÷ø
-2 -2 è
(1 2)
4
(0 1) é y2 y3 ù æ 64 ö æ 8ö
= ê + 4 y - ú = ç 8 + 16 - ÷ - ç 2 - 8 + ÷
ëê 2 6 úû -2 è 6 ø è 6 ø
æ 32 ö æ 4 ö 40 14 54
= ç 24 - ÷ - ç -6 + ÷ = + = = 18
1 è 3 ø è 3ø 3 3 3
Area = ò (( x + 1) - 2 ) dx (Q Area = ò ydx )
x
0 y
24. (d) (l l )
é x2 x ù1
2 æ1 2 ö æ -1 ö 3 1
= ê 2 + x - ln 2 ú = ç + 1 - - = -
êë úû 0 è 2 ln 2 ÷ø çè ln 2 ÷ø 2 ln 2
x
O x㦨l
y㦨x졔2
22. (b)
2
2 y 㦨x
y㦨x
l l
Area of the region = 2 ´ ò ydx = 2 ò x dx
0 0
3
2
–1 2 = 2´ p2
3
Required area is equal to the area under the curves 3
2 4
y ³ x2 and y d” x + 2 A(l) = 2 ´ (l ´ l ) = l 2
3 3
2 3
ò (( x + 2) - x
2
\ required area )dx
Given, A(l ) = 2 Þ l = 2
2
-1
A(4) 5 8 5
2
æ x2 x3 ö æ 8ö æ 1 1ö 9 2 1
= ç + 2x - ÷ = ç 2 + 4 - ÷ - ç + - 2 + ÷ =
l = æç ö÷ 3 = 4. æç ö÷ 3
ç 2 ÷ 16 4
è 3 ø -1 è 3 ø è 2 3ø 2
è 5ø è 25 ø

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25. (d) 27. (b)
B (2, 5)
(0, 2) y=x+1
C
(0, 1)
O 3
A ( , 0)
x=3 D
(0, 0)
The equation of parabola x2 = y – 1
The equation of tangent at (2, 5) to parabola is

æ dy ö
y – 5 = çè dx ÷ø (x – 2)
3 (2,5)
Area of the bounded region ò [( x + 2) - ( x + 1)] dx

2
y – 5 = 4(x – 2)
0
4x – y = 3
3
é x3 x 2 ù Then, the required area
= ê - + xú
ë 3 2 û0 2
= ò {( x +1) – (4 x – 3)} dx – Area of DAOD

2
9 15 0
= 9- +3 =
2 2 2
1 3
= ò ( x – 4 x + 4) dx – 2 ´ 4 ´ 3
2
26. (b) 0
x2 = 4y
æ 1ö é ( x – 2)3 ù
2
9 37
ç 0, 2 ÷ =ê ú – =
è ø Q(2, 1) ë 3 û 0 8 24
P(–1, 1/4)
1
28. (b) x2 = y æ1 1ö
(–2, 0) k Aç , ÷
èk kø
1
Let points of intersection of the curve and the line be y2 = x
k
P and Q
æ x + 2ö æ1 1ö
x2 = 4 çè ÷ Two curves will intersect in the Ist quadrant at A ç , ÷
4 ø èR Rø
x2 – x – 2 = 0 Q area of shaded region = 1.
x = 2, – 1 1
kæ ö
æ 1ö x
Point are (2, 1) and èç -1, ø÷
4
\ ò èç k
- kx 2 ÷ dx = 1
ø
0
2 éæ x + 2 ö æ x 2 ö ù é x2 1 x3 ù
2
1
Area = ò êêèç ÷ - ç ÷ ú dx = ê + x - ú
4 ø è 4 ø ûú æ 3 ök 1
-1 ë ë8 2 12 û -1
ç 1 x2 ÷ æ x3 ö k
Þ ç k × 3 ÷ - èç k × 3 ø÷ = 1
æ1 2ö æ 1 1 1 ö 9 çè ÷ 0
= çè + 1 - ÷ø - çè - + ø÷ = 2 ø0
2 3 8 2 12 8

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2 1 k 2 [ 3/2 ]
Þ × 3
- =1 =- 4 -0
3 k 3k 3 3
k2
32 16 8
2 1 = - = sq-units.
Þ 2
- 2 =1 4 3 3
3k 3k
1
Þ 3k2 = 1 30. (b) The intersection point of y = x2 and y = is (1, 1)
x
1 Area bounded by the curves is the region ABCDA is given
Þ k=±
3 as:
1 1 2 t 1
\ k= (Q k > 0) Area = ò0 x dx + ò dx
1 x
3
Y 1
é x3 ù 1
29. (a) = ê ú + [ ln ( x )]1 = + ln (t )
t
(0 3) (2 3)
ë 3 û0 3
xἘ X
(0 –1) y = x2
(0 –5)
yἘ B (1 , 1 )
Q Curve is given as : C y = x1
y = x2 – 1
A D y=0
dy
Þ = 2x
dx x=t
æ dy ö
Þ çè dx ÷ø =4
(2,3)
\ equation of tangent at (2, 3) Q area = 1

2
(y – 3) = 4 (x – 2) 1 2
Þ + ln (t ) = 1 Þ ln (t) = Þ t = e3
3 3
Þ y = 4x – 5
31. (b) The intersection point of y = x – 2 and y = x is (4, 2).
but x = 0
The required area
Þ y=–5
4 1 16 10
Here the curve cuts Y–axis = ò0 xdx –
2
´2´2=
3
–2=
3
\ required area
y
3 3
ò ( y + 5)dy - ò
1
= 4 y + 1 dy
(4, 2 )
-5 -1 x
y=
3
1 é y2 ù -2
éë ( y + 1)3/2 ùû
3
2
= ê + 5yú
–
4ë 2 û -5 3 -1
x
=
y
1 é9 25 ù
+ 15 - + 25 ú x
4 êë 2
=
2 û O (2, 0 )

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x+y=3 æ 2 3 2p ö
32. (a) =ç - + ÷ ´2
è 3 2 3ø
æ 1 2p ö 1 4p
(1, 2)
y=1+ x
= çè + ÷ ´2= +
4y = x 2 2 3 3 ø 3 3
(0, 1)
A (2, 2)
P
(2, 1)
(0, 0) (1, 0) (2, 0) 34. (d)

O B
Area of shaded region

(2, –2)
1 2 2
x2
= ò (1 + x )dx + ò (3 - x)dx - ò 4
dx Points of intersection of the two curves are (0, 0), (2, 2) and
0 1 0 (2, –2)
1
é 3ù Area = Area (OPAB) – area under parabola (0 to 2)
2 2 é 3 ù2
1 ê x2 ú 2 éx ù x 5
= [ x ]0 + ê ú + [3x ]1 - ê ú - ê ú = sq.units
2
p ´ (2) 2 8
3
ê ú ë 2 û1 ë 12 û 0 2 = - ò 2 x dx = p -
4 3
ë 2 û0 0
35. (a) y = x2 – 5x + 4
33. (d)
1, 3
y2 = 38
4
=
2
(3,0)
y
+
2
A1
x
(4,0)
(3,–2)
1 2 x + y =1
Required area = A1 + A2
1, - 3
1 4
ò3 ( x - 5 x + 4) dx
2
= ×2×2+
2
7 19
= 2+ = sq. units
From the equations we get; 6 6
x2 + 3x – 4 = 0 36. (b) Required area
Þ (x + 4) (x – 1) = 0 Þ x = –4, x = 1
when x = 1, y = 3 B æ 1 ,1ö
çè ÷
1æ1 2 ö 2 ø
Area = ò ç ò 3 . x dx + ò 4 - x . dx ÷ ´ 2
2
ç ÷ O C æ 1 - 1ö
0è0 1 ø çè , ÷ø
8 2
æ æ 32 1
ö æx 2ö
xö
= ç 3 çç 4 - x 2 + 2 sin -1 ÷ ÷ ´ 2
x
÷ +ç
çç 32 ÷ è2 2 ø1 ÷÷
è è ø0 ø
1 1
y +1 y2
æ æ 2 ö ìï p æ 3 p ö üïö
= ç 3 ç ÷ + í2 . - ç + ÷ ý÷ ´ 2
= ò 4
dy - ò 2
dy
-1/ 2 -1/ 2
è è 3 ø ïî 2 è 2 3 ø ïþø

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1 1 39. (a) The given curve is y = tanx ...(1)

1 é y2 ù 1 é y3 ù
= ê + yú - ê ú p
4 ëê 2 when x = , y = 1
ûú -1/ 2 2 ëê 3 ûú -1/ 2 4
Equation of tangent at P is
1 é 3 3 ù 9 15 9 27 9
+ - = - = = æ 2 pö æ pö
4 êë 2 8 úû 48 32 48 96 32
=
y – 1 = çè sec ÷ø çè x - ÷ø
4 4
37. (c) Solving
y + 2x2 = 0 Y
p
y + 3x2 = 1 y = 2x + 1 –
2
æp ö
P ç ,1÷
è4 ø
O
X¢ M X
L
y = tan x
(– 1, 2) (1, – 2)
Y¢
p
Point of intersection (1, – 2) and (– 1, – 2) or y = 2x + 1 – ...(2)
2
(( ))
1
) (
Area of shaded region
Area = 2 ò 1 - 3x - -2x dx
2 2
= area of OPMO – ar (DPLM)
0 p
1
æ
1 = ò4 tan x dx - (OM - OL)PM
x3 ö
1
( )
0 2
4
2ò 1 - x 2 dx = 2 ç x - ÷ = p
ç ÷ 1 ì p p - 2ü
0 è 3 ø0 3 = [ log sec x ]04 - í - ý ´1
2î4 4 þ
= 15 – 6 = 9 sq units
38. (c) Given curves are x2 + y2 = 1 and y2 = 1 –x. 1é 1ù
= êlog 2 - ú sq unit
Intersecting points are x = 0, 1 2ë 2û
40. (b) Area of shaded portion
Y
1 y2 = 4x
4
3 (4, 4)
2
1
–1 1 X¢ X
–1 1 2 3 4
–2
–1
Y¢
Area of shaded portion is the required area.
4æ y + 4ö 4 y2
So, Required Area = Area of semi-circle = ò2 çè 2 ø
÷ dy - ò-2 4
dy
+ Area bounded by parabola
1 1 4 4
pr 2 p 1 é y2 ù 1 é y3 ù
= + 2ò 1 - xdx = + 2 ò 1 - x dx = ê + 4 yú - ê ú
2 2 2 ëê 2
0 0 ûú -2
4 ëê 3 ûú
-2
(Q radius of circle = 1)
[{8 + 16} - {2 - 8}] - 4 ìí 3 + 3 ýü = 9
1 1 1 64 8
é (1 - x ) 3 2 ù p 4 p 4 =
p ú = - (-1) = + sq. unit î þ
= + 2ê 2
2 ê - 3 ú 2 3 2 3
ë 2 û0

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41. (a) Given curves are 44. (d) To find the point of intersection of curves y = ln (x)
y= x …(1) and y = ln (3), put ln (x) = ln (3)
Þ ln (x) – ln (3) = 0
and 2y – x + 3 = 0 …(2)
Þ ln (x) – ln (3) = ln (1)
On solving both we get y = –1, 3
x
Y
Þ =1 , Þ x = 3
(9, 3) 3
Y
y = ln (x)
3 X
–3
2 y = ln (3)
X
O 1 3
3
ò { (2 y + 3) - y } dy
2
Required area =
0
3
é y3 ù
= ê y 2 + 3 y - ú = 9.
ë 3 û0 3 3
Required area = ò ln (3) dx - ò ln ( x) dx
42. (b) y = | cos x – sin x | 0 1
= [ x ln (3) ]0 - [ x ln ( x ) - x ]1 = 2
Y 3 3
f(x) = cos x g(x) = sin x 45. (c) Y 1 2

y = 4x2 y = 9 x
y=2
X X
O p/4 p/2
2
æ yö
Required area = 2 ò çç 9 y - ÷ dy
4 ÷ø
0è
p /4 2
æ é2 3 3ù
yö
2
Required area = 2 ò (cos x - sin x ) dx = 2ò ç 3 y -
ç ÷
1 2
dy = 2 ê ´ 3. y 2 - ´ . y 2 ú
2 ÷ø ê3 2 3 ú
0è
0
ë û0
p/4
= 2 [ sin x + cos x ] 0 é 3 1 3ù é5 3 ù
2 2
= 2 ê2 y 2 - y 2 ú = 2 ´ ê y 2 ú
é 2 ù ê 3 ú ê3 ú
= 2ê - 1ú = (2 2 - 2) sq. units ë û0 ë û0
ë 2 û
5 20 2
4 = 2. 2 2 =
y 3 3
43. (d) Required area = ò 9
dy
46. (b) Intersecting points are x = 1, 4
y =1
4é
æ 2x + 4ö ù
4 4
\ Required area = ò ê 2 x - èç 3 ø÷ ú dx
1 1 2 1ë û
=
3 ò y1/2 dy = ´ ( y 3/2 )
3 3
y =1 1 3 4
4 4
2x 2 2 x2 4
2 2 = 3 - - x
= [(41/ 2 ) 3 - (11/ 2 ) 3 ] = [8 - 1] 3´2 3 1
9 9 2 1
1
2 14 4 æ 32 32 ö 1 é4 4ù
= ´ 7 = sq. units. = ç 4 - 1 ÷ - (16 - 1) - ê ( 4 ) - ú
9 9 3è ø 3 ë 3 3 û

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4 28 28 - 27 1 Now, area of II = Area of circle – area of I.

= (7 ) - 5 - 4 = - 9 = = = 4p – (p – 2) = 3p + 2
3 3 3 3
8 area of I p-2
Hence, required ratio = =
ò area of II 3p + 2
1/3
47. (b) Required Area = y dy
y =0 49. (d) Given curves are y = x2 and y = x3
Y Also, x = 0 and x = p, p > 1
Now, intersecting point is (1, 1)
y=8 y = x3
y = x2
y = x3
X¢ X (p,0)
(0.0)(1,0) x = p
Y¢
( ) ( )
8 1 p
1 +1 8 Required Area = ò x 2 - x3 dx + ò x3 - x 2 dx
y 3 3 æ 43 ö 0 1
= 1 = 4 çè y ÷ø 1 p
+1 0 1 x3 x4 x 4 x3
3 0 = - + -
6 3 4 4 3
0 1
3é 4
(8) 3 - 0ùú = ëé 24 ûù = 3 ´16 = 12 sq. unit.
3
= ê
4ë û 4 1 æ 1 1 ö æ p4 p3 1 1ö
4 Þ = ç - ÷ +ç - - + ÷
6 è 3 4ø è 4 3 4 3ø
48. (d) Let I be the smaller portion and II be the greater portion
1 1 1 1 1 3 p4 – 4 p3
of the given figure then, Þ – + + – =
6 3 4 4 3 12
2
p3 ( 3 p - 4)
x+
y=
Y
Þ = 0 Þ p3 (3p – 4) = 0
12
(0, 2) 4
Þ p = 0 or
3
I Since, it is given that p > 1
X¢ II X \ p can not be ero.
4
(– 2, 0) Hence, p =
3
2
50. (b) y =x
2 2 (1, 1)
x +y =2
C
Y¢
0
é ù
Area of I = ò ê 4 - x - ( x + 2 ) ú dx
2 O B A
-2 ë û
0
éx 2 4 -1 æ x ö ù
0 é x2 ù
= ê 2 4 - x + 2 sin çè 2 ÷ø ú - ê 2 + 2 x ú D (1, –1)
ë û -2 ëê ûú -2
-1 é 4 ù p
= éë 2sin ( -1) ùû - ê - + 4ú = 2 ´ - 2 = p - 2
( 2)
2
ë 2 û 2 Area of circle = p = 2p

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Area of OCADO = 2{Area of OCAO} y x=e

= 2 {area of OCB + area of BCA}
1 2
= 2 ò y p dx + 2 ò yc dx y=x
0 1
where y p = x and yc = 2 - x 2
(1, 1)
A
1 2
\ Required Area = 2 ò x dx + 2 ò 2 - x 2 dx 1
B e, e
0 1 O
x
C
2
é x 2 - x2 ù
é2 ù -1 x ú
2
= ê3 .1 - 0 + 2 ê + sin
ú ê 2ú
ë û 2
ë û1 53. (d)
cos x sin x
4 ìp p 1ü 4 ì p 1 ü 3p + 2
= + 2í - - ý = + 2í - ý = 5p 3p
3 î 2 4 2þ 3 î4 2þ 6
3p + 2 9p - 2 p 4 2
Bigger area = 2p - = 0 p p 2p
6 6
9p - 2 4 2
\ Required Ratio = i.e., 9p – 2 : 3p + 2
3p + 2
Area above x-axis = Area below x-axis
51. (b)
\ Required area
é p /4 p p /2 ù
= 2 ê ò (cos x - sin x) dx + ò sin xdx - ò cos xdx ú
ëê 0 p /4 p /4 ûú
p /4 p p /2
= 2 é( sin x + cos x )0 + ( - cos x )p /4 - ( sin x ) p /4 ù
ë û
éæ 1 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 öù
= 2 êç + ÷ - (0 + 1) + ç1 + ÷ - ç1 - ÷ú
ëè 2 2ø è 2ø è 2 øû
é 1 1 ù
= 2 ê 2 -1+ 1+ -1 +
2 úû
4æ
x2 ö ë 2
Required area = ò ç 2 x - ÷ dx
0è
4ø
= 2 [ 2 + 2 - 1] = 4 2 - 2
4
é æ x3/2 ö x3 ù 54. (b)
= ê2 ç ÷- ú (2, 3)
ëê è
3 / 2 ø 12 ú
û0 D(0, 3)
P
4 64 32 16
= ´8- = - 16 = sq. units
3 12 3 3
52. (b) Area of required region AOCBO A(0, 2)
1
1 e
1 é x2 ù
= ò xdx + ò dx = ê ú + [ log x ]1
e
x ë 2 û0 B(–4, 0) 0 C(5, 0)
0 1
1 3
= + 1 = sq. units For slope of tangents at (2, 3)
2 2
(y – 2)2 = x – 1

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dy dy 1 ì 2 1 2 ü
2( y - 2) = 1Þ = Þ 2í ´3 3 - ´ ×2 2 ý
dx 2( y - 2) 3
dx î 3 3 2 þ
æ dy ö
m=ç ÷ =
1
=
è dx ø(2, 3) 2(3 - 2) 2
1 Þ 2 2-
4
3{ } { }
=2
6-4
3
4
= sq. units
3
56. (a) It is clear from the figure, area lies between y2 = x and
Equation of tangent y= x
1 Intersection point y = x and y2 = x is (1, 1)
y - 3 = ( x - 2) y=x
2 Y
(1, 1)
Þ x - 2y + 4 = 0 ...(i) y = -x A y2 = x
2
The given parabola is (y – 2) = x – 1 ...(ii) y2
vertex (1, 2) and it meets x-axis at (5, 0) X'

y1
X
(0, 0) O (1, 0)
Then required area = Ar DBOA + Ar (OCPD) – Ar (DAPD)
1 3 1
=
2
×4×2+ ò0 xdy - 2 ´ 2 ´ 1 Y'
3
é ( y - 2)3 ù \ Required area = 1
3
= 3 + ò ( y - 2) 2 + 1 dy = 3 + ê + yú ò0 ( y2 - y1 )dx
0
êë 3 úû 0 1
1 é x3 / 2 x 2 ù
é1 8ù = ò ( x - x) dx = ê - ú
= 3 + ê + 3 + ú = 3 + 6 = 9 sq. units 0 ëê 3 / 2 2 úû
ë 3 3û 0
2 2 x 2 é 3 / 2 ù1 1 é 2 ù1 = 2 - 1 = 1
55. (d) Given x + 2 y = 0 Þ y = – = x - x
2 3ë û0 2 ë û0 3 2 6
1
and x + 3 y 2 = 1 Þ y 2 = – ( x – 1) 57. (d) On solving, we get intersection points of x 2 = 4 y
3
On solving these two equations we get the points of and y2 = 4x are (0, 0) and (4, 4).
y 2
intersection as (–2, 1), (–2, –1) x =4y
y2=4x
Y y=4 S (4, 4)
1
A (–2, 1) S2
S3
x
x=4
(0, 0) 0
D
C X
X´ (1, 0)
B
(–2, –1) By symmetry, we observe
Y´ 4
S1 = S3 = ò ydx
The required area is ACBDA, given by 0
4
4 2
x é x3 ù 16
ïì 1 ïü =ò
1 0
1 dx = ê ú = sq. units
A = 2í ò 1 - x dx - ò - x dx ý 4 êë 12 úû0 3
0
ïî -2 3 2 -2 ïþ
4
4æ
é 3 ù
2ö
ìï 1 é 2 ê 2 x 2 x3 ú
ù üï
1 0 x
Þ 2í
ù
(1 - x )3/ 2 ú -
1 é2
( - x )3/ 2 ú ý Also S2 = ò ç 2 x - ÷ dx = ê - ú
ê ê 0è
4ø ê 3 12 ú
îï 3 ë 3 û -2 2 ë3 û -2 þï
ëê 2 úû 0
ìé 1 2
Þ 2 íê-
îë 3 3
(
ù é -1 2
´ 0 - 33/2 ú - ê )
´ 0 - 23/2
û ë 2 3
( )ùúûýþü =
4
3
´8 -
16 16
3
=
3
sq. units
\ S1 : S2 : S3 = 1:1:1

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M-434 Mathematics
60. (a) Separate graph of each curve

58. (d) Y
y=lnx y=ln|x|
(y = 2 – x) (y = x – 2)
x x
(1,0) (–1,0) (1,0)
y=|l n x| y=|l n |x||

0 X
3
Required Area
x x
(1,0) (–1,0) (1,0)
3
3 é x2 ù
A = 2ò ( x - 2)dx = 2 ê - 2 x ú = 1
2 ëê 2 ûú 2 [Note: Graph of y = | f(x) | can be obtained from the graph of
59. (d) Intersection point of y = x – 1 and y = 3 – x is (2, 1) and the curve y = f(x) by drawing the mirror image of the portion
eqns. y = –x + 1 and y = 3 + x is (–1, 2) of the graph below x-axis, with respect to x-axis.
Hence the bounded area is as shown by combined all figure.
Y y
y=– x+1 (0,3)
y = –ln (–x) y = –ln x
(–1,2) y=x–1
(2,1) x
–1 O 1
X' X
0 (1,0)
y=3+x –1 2 y=3–x y = ln (–x) y = ln x
0 1
A= ò {(3 + x) - ( - x + 1)} dx + Required area = 4ò (-lnx )dx
-1 0
1 2
= - 4 [ x ln x - x ]
ò { (3 - x) - ( - x + 1)} dx + ò { (3 - x) - ( x - 1)} dx
1
0
=4 sq. units
0 1
0 1 2
= ò (2 + 2 x)dx + ò 2dx + ò (4 - 2 x)dx
-1 0 1
0 2
= é2x +
ë [ 2 x] + éë 4 x - x2 ùû1
x2 ù +
û -1
1
0
= 0 - (-2 + 1) + (2 - 0) + (8 - 4) - (4 - 1)
= 1 + 2 + 4 - 3 = 4 sq. units

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Differential Equations M-435
24
Differential
Equations
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.

Ordinary Differential Equations, (d) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
Order & Degree of Differential
TOPIC Ć Equations, Formation of
5. Statement 1: The degrees of the differential equations
Differential Equations dy d2 y
+ y 2 = x and + y = sin x are equal.
dx dx 2
1. The differential equation of the family of curves,
Statement 2: The degree of a differential equation, when it
x2 = 4b (y + b), b Î R, is: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)] is a polynomial equation in derivatives, is the highest
(a) x(y¢)2 = x + 2yy¢ (b) x(y¢)2 = 2yy¢ – x positive integral power of the highest order derivative
involved in the differential equation, otherwise degree is
(c) xy² = y¢ (d) x(y¢)2 = x – 2yy¢ not defined. [Online May 12, 2012]
2. The differential equation representing the family of ellipse (a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
having foci either on the x-axis or on the y-axis centre at not a correct explanation of Statement 1.
the origin and passing through the point (0, 3) is: (b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
(a) xyy' + y2 – 9 = 0 (b) x + yy" = 0 (c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(c) xyy" + x (y')2 – yy' = 0 (d) xyy' – y2 + 9 = 0 (d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
3. If the differential equation representing the family of all
circles touching x-axis at the origin is 6. The differential equation which represents the family of
curves y = c1ec2 x , where c1, and c2 are arbitrary constants,
(x 2
-y 2
) dy
dx
= g ( x ) y , then g(x) equals:
is [2009]
[Online April 9, 2014] (a) y" = y'y (b) yy" = y'
1 (c) yy" = (y')2 (d) y' = y2
(a) x (b) 2x2 7. The differential equation of the family of circles with fixed
2
radius 5 units and centre on the line y = 2 is [2009]
1 2
(c) 2x x
(d) (a) (x – 2)y'2 = 25 –(y – 2)2
2
(b) (y – 2)y'2 = 25 –(y – 2)2
4. Statement-1: The slope of the tangent at any point P on a
parabola, whose axis is the axis of x and vertex is at the (c) (y – 2)2y'2 = 25 –(y – 2)2
origin, is inversely proportional to the ordinate of the point P. (d) (x – 2)2 y'2 = 25 –(y – 2)2
Statement-2: The system of parabolas y2 = 4ax satisfies 8. The differential equation of all circles passing through the
a differential equation of degree 1 and order 1. origin and having their centres on the x-axis is [2007]
dy dy
(a) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 (a) y 2 = x 2 + 2 xy (b) y 2 = x 2 - 2 xy
dx dx
is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 dy dy
(c) x 2 = y 2 + xy (d) x 2 = y 2 + 3 xy
is not a correct explanation for statement-1. dx dx

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M-436 Mathematics
9. The differential equation whose solution is Ax 2 + By 2 = 1 1 æ 1 + x 2 - 1ö

(c) 1 + y 2 + 1 + x 2 = log e ç ÷ +C
where A and B are arbitrary constants is of [2006] 2 çè 1 + x 2 + 1÷ø
(a) second order and second degree
(b) first order and second degree æ 1 + x 2 - 1ö
1
(c) first order and first degree (d) 1 + y 2 - 1 + x2 = log e ç ÷ +C
(d) second order and first degree 2 çè 1 + x 2 + 1÷ø
10. The differential equation representing the family of curves
æ2 ö
y 2 = 2c ( x + c ) , where c > 0, is a parameter, is of order 15. If y = ç x - 1÷ cosec x is the solution of the differential
èp ø
and degree as follows : [2005]
(a) order 1, degree 2 (b) order 1, degree 1 dy 2 p
equation, + p( x ) y = cosec x , 0 < x < , then the
(c) order 1, degree 3 (d) order 2, degree 2 dx p 2

11. The differential equation for the family of circle function p(x) is equal to: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
2 2
x + y - 2ay = 0, where a is an arbitrary constant is (a) cot x (b) cosec x
[2004] (c) sec x (d) tan x
(a) ( x 2 + y 2 ) y ¢ = 2 xy (b) 2( x 2 + y 2 ) y ¢ = xy 16. If y = y (x) is the solution of the differential equation
(c) ( x 2 - y 2 ) y ¢ = 2 xy (d) 2( x 2 - y 2 ) y ¢ = xy 5 + e x . dy x
+ e = 0 satisfying y (0) = 1, then a value of
12. The degree and order of the differential equation of the 2 + y dx
family of all parabolas whose axis is x - axis, are respectively.
[2003] y(loge 13) is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
(a) 2, 3 (b) 2, 1 (a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) 1, 2 (d) 3, 2. (c) 0 (d) 2
13. The order and degree of the differential equation 17. The solution of the differential equation
2/3 3
æ dy ö d y y + 3x
çè1 + 3 ÷ø = 4 are [2002] dy
- + 3 = 0 is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
dx dx3 dx log e ( y + 3 x)
2
(a) (1, ) (b) (3, 1) (where C is a constant of integration.)
3
1
(a) x - (log e ( y + 3 x)) 2 = C
(c) (3, 3) (d) (1, 2) 2
General & Particular Solution of (b) x - log e ( y + 3x ) = C

Differential Equation, Solution of
Differential Equation by the Method 1
TOPIC n (c) y + 3x - (loge x )2 = C
of Separation of Variables, Solution 2
of Homogeneous Differential
Equations (d) x - 2 log e ( y + 3x ) = C
14. The general solution of the differential equation 18. Let f : (0, ¥) ® (0, ¥) be a differentiable function such
dy
1+ x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 + xy t 2 f 2 ( x ) - x 2 f 2 (t )
= 0 is : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] that f (1) = e and lim = 0.
dx t ®x t-x
(where C is a constant of integration) If f (x) = 1, then x is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
1 æ 1 + x 2 + 1ö
1
(a) 1 + y 2 + 1 + x 2 = log e ç ÷ +C (a) (b) 2e
2 çè 1 + x 2 - 1÷ø e
1
1 æ 1 + x 2 + 1ö (c) (d) e
(b) 1 + y 2 - 1 + x2 = log e ç ÷ +C 2e
2 çè 1 + x 2 - 1÷ø

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19. The solution curve of the differential equation, p +1 1

(a) (b)
dy 4 4
(1 + e - x )(1 + y 2 ) = y 2 , which passes through the point
dx p -1 p+ 2
(c) (d)
(0, 1), is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] 4 4
dy xy
æ æ 1 + e- x ö ö 24. If = 2 ; y (1) = 1; then a value of x satisfying
(a) y + 1 = y ç log e ç
2
÷÷ + 2 ÷÷ dx x + y 2
ç ç 2
è è ø ø
y(x) = e is: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
æ æ 1+ e x ö ö 1 e
(b) y 2 + 1 = y ç log e ç ÷÷ + 2 ÷÷ (a) 3e (b)
ç ç 2 2 2
è è ø ø
(c) (d)
2e 3e
æ 1 + ex ö
(c) y = 1 + y log e çç
2
÷÷ 25. Let f (x) = (sin(tan x) + sin(cot x))2 – 1, |x| > 1. If
–1 –1
è 2 ø
æ 1 + e- x ö
dy 1 d
=
dx 2 dx
(sin–1 (f (x))) and y ( 3 ) = p6 , then y (- 3) is
(d) y 2 = 1 + y loge çç ÷÷
è 2 ø equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
2p p
20. If x3dy + xy dx = x 2 dy + 2 y dx; y (2) = e and x > 1, then (a) (b) -
3 6
y(4) is equal to : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
5p p
3 3 (c) (d)
(a) + e (b) e 6 3
2 2
26. Let y = y(x) be a solution of the differential equation,
1 e dy
(c) + e (d) 1 - x2 + 1 - y 2 = 0,| x |< 1.
2 2 dx
21. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation,
æ 1ö 3 æ -1 ö
If y ç ÷ = , then y ç
è 2 ø÷
2 + sin x dy is equal to:
è 2ø 2
× = - cos x, y > 0, y (0) = 1. If y (p) = a and
y + 1 dx [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
dy
at x = p is b, then the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to : 3 1
dx (a) (b) –
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 2 2
æ 3ö 1 3
(a) ç 2, ÷ (b) (1, –1) (c) (d) –
è 2ø 2 2
(c) (1, 1) (d) (2, 1) 27. If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation,
22. If a curve y = f (x), passing through the point (1, 2), is the
solution of the differential equation, ey = ex such that y(0) = 0, then y(l) is equal to:
æ1ö [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]

2 x 2 dy = (2 xy + y 2 ) dx, then f ç ÷ is equal to :
è 2ø (a) l + loge 2 (b) 2 + loge 2
[Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
1 1 (c) 2e (d) loge 2
(a) (b)
1 + loge 2 1 - log e 2 28. The general solution of the differential equation (y2 – x3)
-1 dx – xydy = 0 ( x ¹ 0) is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
(c) 1 + log e 2 (d)
1 + loge 2 (a) y2 – 2x2 + cx3 = 0 (b) y2 + 2x3 + cx2 = 0
p p (c) y2 + 2x2 + cx3 = 0 (d) y2 – 2x3 + cx2 = 0
23. If f 2 (x) = tan–1 (sec x + tan x), – <x< ,
2 2 (where c is a constant of integration)
and f(0) = 0, then f(1) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]

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M-438 Mathematics
dy p æpö (a) a circle with centre on the x-axis.

29. If cos x - y sin x = 6 x,(0 < x < ) and y ç ÷ = 0, then (b) an ellipse with maor axis along the y-axis.
dx 2 è3ø
(c) a circle with centre on the y-axis.
æpö (d) a hyperbola with transverse axis along the x-axis.
y ç ÷ is equal to: [April. 09, 2019 (II)]
è6ø 34. Let f : [0, 1] ® R be such that f (xy) = f (x).f (y), for all
p2 p2 x, y Î [0, 1], and f (0) ¹ 0. If y = y(x) satisfies the differential
(a) (b) -
2 3 2
dy æ1ö æ 3ö
equation, = f (x) with y(0) = 1, then y ç ÷ + y ç ÷ is
p2 p2 dx è ø
4 è 4ø
(c) - (d) -
2 3 4 3
equal to: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
30. Given that the slope of the tangent to a curve y = y(x) at (a) 3 (b) 4
2y (c) 2 (d) 5
any point (x, y) is . If the curve passes through the
x2 35. The curve satisfying the differential equation,
centre of the circle x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0, then its equation is: (x2 – y2) dx + 2xydy = 0 and passing through the point
(1, 1) is [Online April 15, 2018]
[April. 08, 2019 (II)] (a) a circle of radius two (b) a circle of radius one
(a) x loge | y | = 2(x – 1) (c) a hyprbola (d) an ellipse
(b) x loge | y | = – 2(x – 1) dy æ pö
36. If (2 + sin x) + (y + 1) cos x = 0 and y(0) = 1, then y ç ÷
2
(c) x loge | y | = – 2(x – 1) dx è 2ø
(d) x loge | y | = x – 1 is equal to : [2017]
4 1
dy (a) (b)
= (x - y) ,
2 3 3
31. The solution of the differential equation,
dx
2 1
(c) - (d) -
when y (1) = 1, is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 3 3
37. If a curve y = f(x) passes through the point (1, –1) and
2- x satisfies the differential equation, y(1 + xy) dx = x dy, then
(a) log e = x- y
2- y
æ 1ö
f ç - ÷ is equal to : [2016]
è 2ø
1- x + y
(b) - log e = 2 ( x - 1) 2 4
1+ x - y (a) (b)
5 5
1+ x - y 2 4
(c) - log e =x+ y-2 (c) - (d) -
1- x + y 5 5
38. If f(x) is a differentiable function in the interval ( (0, ¥) such
2- y
(d) loge = 2 ( y - 1) t 2 f (x) - x 2f (t)
2-x that f(a) = 1 and lim = 1 , for each x > 0,
t ®x t-x
dy 3 1 æ- p pö æpö 4 æ3ö
32. If + y= , x Îç , ÷ , and y ç ÷ = ,
dx cos 2 x 2
cos x è 3 3 ø è4ø 3 then f ç ÷ is equal to : [Online April 9, 2016]
è2ø
æ pö
then y ç - ÷ equals: [10 Jan 2019 I] 23 13
è 4ø (a)
18
(b)
6
1 1
(a) + e6 (b) 25 31
3 3 (c) (d)
9 18
4
-
1 3
+e 39. The solution of the differential equation ydx – (x + 2y2)dy
(c) (d)
3 3 = 0 is x = f(y). If f(–1) = 1, then f(a) is equal to :
33. The curve amongst the family of curves represented by [Online April 11, 2015]
the differential equation, (x2 – y2) dx + 2xydy = 0 which (a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) 2
passes through (1, 1), is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]

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40. If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation Statement-1: The substitution z = y2 transforms the above
equation into a first order homogenous differential
( x + 2 ) dy = x 2 + 4x - 9, x ¹ -2 and y(0) = 0, then y (–4) equation.
dx Statement-2: The solution of this differential equation is
- y2
(a) 0 (b) 2 y2 e x =C.
(c) 1 (d) –1
41. Let the population of rabbits surviving at time t be (a) Both statements are false.
(b) Statement-1 is true and statement-2 is false.
dp ( t ) 1
p ( t ) – 200.
(c) Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true.
governed by the differential equation =
dt 2 (d) Both statements are true.
If p(0) = 100, then p(t) equals: [2014]
46. The population p (t) at time t of a certain mouse species
600 - 500 e t 2 400 - 300 e -t 2
(a) (b)
dp ( t )
(c) 400 - 300 et 2 (d) 300 - 200 e -t 2 satisfies the differential equation = 0.5 p(t) – 450. If
dt
42. If the general solution of the differential equation
p (0) = 850, then the time at which the population becomes
y æ xö ero is : [2012]
y¢ = + F ç ÷ , for some function F, is given by
x è yø (a) 2ln 18 (b) ln 9
y ln |cx| = x, where c is an arbitrary constant, then F(2) is
equal to: [Online April 11, 2014] 1
(c) ln 18 (d) ln 18
1 2
(a) 4 (b)
4 ( 2 + sin x ) dy = cos x
47. Let y (x) be a solution of . If y (0) = 2,
1 (1 + y ) dx
(c) – 4 (d) -
4 æ pö
then y ç ÷ equals [Online May 7, 2012]
43. At present, a firm is manufacturing 2000 items. It is estimated è 2ø
that the rate of change of production P w.r.t. additional
5
dP (a) (b) 2
number of workers x is given by = 100 – 12 x . If the 2
dx
firm employs 25 more workers, then the new level of 7
production of items is [2013] (c) (d) 3
2
(a) 2500 (b) 3000 48. The curve that passes through the point (2, 3), and has the
property that the segment of any tangent to it lying between
(c) 3500 (d) 4500 the coordinate axes is bisected by the point of contact is
given by : [2011RS]
If a curve passes through the point æç 2, ö÷ and has slope
7
44.
è 2ø 6
(a) 2 y - 3x = 0 (b) y =
x
æ 1 ö
ç 1 - 2 ÷ at any point (x, y) on it, then the ordinate of the
2 2
æxö æ yö
è x ø (c) x2 + y 2 = 13 (d) ç ÷ + ç ÷ = 2
è 2ø è 3ø
point on the curve whose abscissa is – 2 is :
[Online April 23, 2013] 49. Let I be the purchase value of an equipment and V (t) be
the value after it has been used for t years. The value V(t)
3 3
(a) – (b) depreciates at a rate given by differential equation
2 2
dV (t )
5 5 = - k (T - t ), where k > 0 is a constant and T is the
(c) (d) – dt
2 2 total life in years of the equipment. Then the scrap value
45. Consider the differential equation : V(T) of the equipment is [2011]
dy y3 kT 2 k (T - t )2
= I- I-
( )
(a) (b)
dx 2 xy 2 - x 2 2 2
1
(d) T -
(c) e– kT
k

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M-440 Mathematics
dy 56. Let y = y (x) be the solution of the differential equation,

50. If = y + 3 > 0 and y (0) = 2, then y (ln 2) is equal to :
dx xy '- y = x 2 ( x cos x + sin x), x > 0. If y (p) = p, then
[2011]
(a) 5 (b) 13 æpö æpö
y '' ç ÷ + y ç ÷ is equal to : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
(c) – 2 (d) 7 è ø
2 è2ø
51. The solution of the differential equation dy = x + y
dy x p p p2
(a) 2+ (b) 1 + +
satisfying the condition y(1) =1 is [2008] 2 2 4
(a) y = ln x + x (b) y = x ln x + x2
p p2 p
(c) 2+ + (d) 1 +
(c) y = xe(x – 1) (d) y = x ln x + x 2 4 2
52. The normal to a curve at P(x, y) meets the x-axis at G. If the
If for x ³ 0, y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation,
distance of G from the origin is twice the abscissa of P, 57.

then the curve is a [2007] (x + 1)dy = ((x + 1)2 + y – 3)dx, y(2) = 0,
(a) circle (b) hyperbola
(c) ellipse (d) parabola. then y(3) is equal to _____. [NA Jan. 09, 2020 (I)]
dy 58. Let y = y(x) be the solution curve of the differential

53. If x = y (log y – log x + 1), then the solution of the
( ) dydx = 1, satisfying y(0) = 1. This curve
dx
equation, y - x
2
equation is [2005]
æ xö æ yö intersects the x-axis at a point whose abscissa is:
(a) y log ç ÷ = cx (b) x log ç ÷ = cy
è yø è xø
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
æ yö æ xö (a) 2 – e (b) – e
(c) log ç ÷ = cx (d) log ç ÷ = cy
è xø è yø
(c) 2 (d) 2 + e
2
d y æ 1ö
= e -2 x
Consider the differential equation, y dx + ç x - y ÷ dy = 0 .
54. The solution of the equation [2002] 2
dx 2 59.
è ø
e -2 x e -2 x If value of y is 1 when x = 1, then the value of x for which
(a) (b) + cx + d y = 2, is : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
4 4
5 1 3 1
1 -2 x 1 -4 x
+ cx + d + -
(c) e + cx 2 + d (d) e (a)
2 e
(b)
2 e
4 4
1 1 3
(c) + - e
(d)
2 e 2
TOPIC Đ d 2 y 60. If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
dx 2 dy æ p pö
= (tan x - y )sec2 x , x Î ç - 2 , 2 ÷ , such that y (0) = 0,
dx è ø
55. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
æ pö
dy æ pö then y ç - ÷ is equal to : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
cos x + 2 y sin x = sin 2 x , x Î ç 0, ÷ . è 4ø
dx è 2ø
1
If y (p / 3) = 0, then y (p / 4) is equal to : (a) e – 2 (b) -e
2
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
1 1
(c) 2+ (d) -2
(a) 2- 2 (b) 2+ 2 e e
1
(c) 2 -2 (d) -1
2

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61. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation, 66. If y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
æ p pö dy æ 2 x + 1 ö -2 x 1 -2
dy
+ y tan x = 2 x + x 2 tan x , x Î ç - , ÷ , such that y (0) +ç ÷ y = e , x > 0, where y (1) = e , then
dx è 2 2ø dx è x ø 2
: [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
= 1. Then : [April 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) y ( log e 2 ) = loge 4
æpö æ pö p
2
(a) yç ÷ + yç- ÷ = +2 log e 2
è4ø è 4ø 2 (b) y ( log e 2 ) =
4
æpö æ pö
(b) y 'ç ÷ + y ' ç - ÷ = - 2 æ1 ö
è4ø è 4ø (c) y ( x ) is decreasing in ç ,1÷
è2 ø
æpö æ pö (d) y (x) is decreasing in (0, 1)
(c) yç ÷ - yç - ÷ = 2
è ø
4 è 4ø
3 f ( x)
67. Let f be a differentiable function such that f ¢(x) = 7 - ,
æpö æ pö 4 x
(d) y¢ ç ÷ - y ¢ ç - ÷ = p - 2
è4ø è 4ø æ1ö
(x > 0) and f (1) ¹ 4. Then lim x f ç ÷ :
x ®0 +
è xø
dy
62. The solution of the differential equation x + 2y = x2 [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
dx
(x ¹ 0) with y(1) = 1, is: [April 09, 2019 (I)] 4
(a) exists and equals . (b) exists and equals 4.
7
4 3 1 3
(a) y = x + 2 (b) y = x + 1 (c) does not exist. (d) exists and equals 0.
5 5x 5 5 x2 68. If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation,
x2 3 3 2 1 æ1ö
(c) y = + 2 (d) y = x + 2 x
dy
+ 2 y = x 2 satisfying y(1) = 1, then y ç ÷ is equal to:
4 4x 4 4x dx è2ø
63. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation, [Jan. 09, 2019 (I)]
dy 7 1
(x2 + 1)2 + 2x(x2 + 1)y = 1 such that y(0) = 0. If a (a) (b)
dx 64 4
p 49 13
y(1) = , then the value of ‘a’ is : [April 08, 2019 (I)] (c) (d)
32 16 16
69. Let y - y(x) be the solution of the differential equation
1 1
(a) (b) dy æ pö
4 2 sin x + y cos x = 4x, x Î (0, p) . If y ç ÷ = 0 , then
dx è2ø
1
(c) 1 (d) æ pö
16 y ç ÷ is equal to : [2018]
è6ø
64. Let y = y(x) be the solution of the differential equation,
-8 2 8
x
dy
+ y = x log x, (x > 1). If 2y(2) = log 4 –1, then y(e) is (a) p (b) - p2
dx e e 9 3 9
equal to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)] 4 4 2
(c) - p2 (d) p
e 2 9 9 3
e
(a) - (b) - 70. Let y = y (x) be the solution of the differential equation
2 2
dy ì1, x Î [0, 1]
e e2 + 2 y = f (x), where f (x) = í
(c) (d) dx î0, otherwise
4 4
65. If a curve passes through the point (1, – 2) and has slope æ 3ö
If y (0) = 0, then y ç ÷ is [Online April 15, 2018]
x2 - 2 y è 2ø
of the tangent at any point (x, y) on it as , then the
x
e2 – 1 e2 – 1
curve also passes through the point :[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] (a) 3 (b)
e3
( )
2e
(a) (3, 0) (b) 3, 0
1 e2 + 1
(c) (–1, 2) (d) ( - 2,1) (c)
2e
(d)
2e 4

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71. The curve satisfying the differential equation, ydx–(x +

1
3y2) dy = 0 and passing through the point (1, 1), also (a) (b) x2 – 1
2
passes through the point : [Online April 8, 2017] x -1
æ1 1ö æ 1 1ö x2 - 1 x
(a) ç ,- ÷ (b) ç- , ÷ (c) (d)
è4 2ø è 3 3ø x x2 - 1
78. The general solution of the differential equation
æ1 1ö æ1 1ö
(c) ç , - ÷ (d) ç , ÷ dy 2
+ y = x2 is
è 3 3ø è4 2ø dx x
72. The solution of the differential equaiton
x2 x2
(a) y = cx -3 - (b) y = cx 3 -
dy y tan x p 4 4
+ sec x = , where 0 £ x < , and y(0) = 1, is
dx 2 2y 2 x3 x3
y = cx 2 + (d) y = cx -2 +
given by : [Online April 10, 2016] (c)

5 5
x x 79. Consider the differential equation [2011RS]
(a) y2 = 1 + (b) y = 1 + æ 1ö
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x y 2 dx + ç x - ÷ dy = 0. If y (1) = 1, then x is given by :
è yø
x x
(c) y = 1 – (d) y2 = 1 – 1 1
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x y y
2 e 1 e
73. Let y(x) be the solution of the differential equation (a) 4- - (b) 3- +
dy y e y e
(x log x) + y = 2x log x, (x ³ 1). Then y (e) is equal to: 1 1
dx
[2015] 1 ey 1 ey
(c) 1 + - (d) 1 - +
(a) 2 (b) 2e y e y e
(c) e (d) 0 80. Solution of the differential equation
p
dy cos x dy = y (sin x - y ) dx, 0 < x < is [2010]
74. If + y tan x = sin 2x and y(0) = 1, then y(p) is equal to: 2
dx (a) y sec x = tan x + c
[Online April 19, 2014] (b) y tan x = sec x + c
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) tan x = (sec x + c) y
(c) – 5 (d) 5 (d) sec x = (tan x + c) y
75. The general solution of the differential equation, 81. Solution of the differential equation
æ dy ö 2
ydx + ( x + x y )dy
= 0 is [2004]
sin 2x ç - tan x ÷ - y = 0 , is :
è dx ø
1
[Online April 12, 2014] (a) log y = Cx (b) - + log y = C
xy
(a) y tan x = x + c (b) y cot x = tan x + c
1 1
(c) y tan x = cot x + c (d) y cot x = x + c (c) + log y = C (d) - =C
xy xy
76. The equation of the curve passing through the origin and
82. The solution of the differential equation
satisfying the differential equation
-1 dy
dy (1 + y 2 ) + ( x - e tan y
) = 0 , is [2003]
(1 + x 2 ) + 2 xy = 4 x 2 is [Online April 25, 2013] dx
dx
-1 -1
(a) (1 + x 2 ) y = x3 (b) 3(1 + x 2 ) y = 2 x3 (a) xe 2 tan y
= e tan y
+k
-1
(c) (1 + x 2 ) y = 3x3 (d) 3(1 + x 2 ) y = 4 x3 (b) ( x - 2) = ke 2 tan y
77. The integrating factor of the differential equation -1 -1

(c) 2 xe tan y
= e 2 tan y
+k
( x2 - 1)dy
dx
+ 2 xy = x is [Online May 26, 2012] (d) xe tan
-1
y
= tan -1 y + k

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1. (a) Since, x2 = 4b(y + b) \ Eqn is (x)2 + (y – a)2 = a2

x2 = 4by + 4b2 where (0, a) is the centre of circle.
2x = 4by’ Þ x 2 + y 2 + a 2 - 2ay = a2
x
Þ b= 2 2
Þ x + y - 2ay = 0 ...(1)
2 y'
So, differential equation is Differentiate both side w.r.t 'x', we get
dy dy
2x æxö
2 2x + 2 y - 2a =0
2
x = .y + ç ÷ dx dx
y' è y' ø
dy dy
x(y¢)2 = 2yy¢ + x Þ x+ y -a =0
dx dx
x2 y2
2. (c) + =1 dy
a 2 b2 x+ y
dx
Since, it passes through (0, 3) Þ =a
dy
0 9 dx
\ + =1
a 2 b2 Put value of 'a' in eqn (1), we get
Þ b2 = 9 é dy ù
\ eq. of ellipse becomes: 2 2 ê y dx + x ú
x + y - 2y ê ú =0
x2 y2 ê dy ú
+ =1 ë dx û
a2 9
differential w.r.t.x, we get; dy dy
Þ ( x2 + y 2 ) - 2 y2 - 2 xy = 0
dx dx
2 x 2 y dy
+ =0
a2 9 dx dy
Þ ( x2 + y 2 - 2 y 2 ) = 2xy
dx
y æ dy ö – 9
Þ ç ÷= 2 dy
Þ (x - y )
2 2
x è dx ø a = 2xy º g ( x) y
dx
Again differentiating w.r.t.x, we get; Hence, g(x) = 2x
4. (b) Statement -1 : y2 = ± 4ax
dy
2 x –y
y d y dx dy dy 1 dy 1
+ =0 Þ = ± 2a . Þ µ
x dx 2 x2 dx dx y dx y
Þ xyy" + x(y')2 – yy' = 0
dy
3. (c) Since family of all circles touching x-axis at the Statement -2 : y2 = 4ax Þ 2 y = 4a
dx
origin Thus both statements are true but statement-2 is not a
correct explanation for statement-1.
5. (d) Statement - 1
dy
Given differential equations are + y 2 = x and
(0, a) dx
d2y
+ y = sin x
dx 2
(0, 0)
Their degrees are 1.
Both have equal degree.
Also, Statement - 2 is the correct explanation for Statement
- 1.

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6. (c) We have y = c1e c2 x 10.

2
(c) y = 2c( x + c ) ........ (i)
Differentiate it w.r. to x Differentite it w.r. to x
Þ y ¢ = c1c2 e c2 x = c2 y 2 yy ' = 2c.1 or yy ' = c ........ (ii)
[On putting value of c from (ii) in (i)]
y¢
Þ = c2 Differentiate it w.r. to x
y Þ y 2 = 2 yy ' ( x + yy ')
y ¢¢ y - ( y ¢ ) 2 On simplifying, we get
Þ = 0 Þ y ¢¢ y = ( y ¢)2
y2 ( y - 2 xy ') 2 = 4 yy '3 ........ (iii)
7. (c) Let the centre of the circle be ( h, 2) Hence equation (iii) is of order 1 and degree 3.
\ Equation of circle is 11. (c) x 2 + y 2 - 2ay = 0 ......(1)
( x – h) 2 + ( y – 2) 2 = 25 …(1) Differentiate w.r. to x,
Differentiating with respect to x, we get

dy dy x + yy ¢
dy 2x + 2 y - 2a =0 Þa=
2( x – h) + 2( y – 2) = 0 dx dx y¢
dx
dy æ x + yy ¢ ö
Þ x – h = –( y – 2) Putting in (1) we get, x 2 + y 2 - 2 ç y=0
dx è y ¢ ÷ø
Substituting in equation (1) we get
2 Þ ( x 2 + y 2 ) y '- 2 xy - 2 y 2 y ' = 0
2 æ dy ö
( y – 2) ç ÷ + ( y – 2) = 25 2
Þ ( x 2 - y 2 ) y ' = 2 xy
è dx ø
Þ (y – 2)2 (y')2 = 25 – (y –2)2 12. (c) y 2 = 4a( x - h),
8. (a) General equation of circles passing through origin and
having their centres on the x-axis is Differentiating 2 yy1 = 4a Þ yy1 = 2a
x2 + y2 + 2gx = 0 ...(i) Again differentiating, we get
On differentiating w.r.t x, we get Þ y12 + yy2 = 0
dy æ dy ö Degree = 1, order = 2.
2x + 2y . + 2g = 0 Þ g = – ç x + y ÷
dx è dx ø 3
Putting in (i) æ d yö
2
æ 4d3yö
13. (c) ç 1 + 3 ÷ =ç ÷
ì æ dy ö ü è d xø è d x3 ø
x2 + y2 + 2 í - ç x + y ÷ ý . x = 0
î è dx ø þ 3
æ d yö
2
æ d3yö
dy Þ ç1 + 3 ÷ = 16 ç ÷
Þ x2 + y2 – 2x2 – 2x .y = 0 è d xø è d x3 ø
dx
dy Order = 3, degree 3
Þ y2 = x2 + 2xy
dx dy
2 2
14. (a) 1 + x 2 × 1 + y 2 = - xy
9. (d) Ax + By = 1 ...(i) dx
Differentiate w.r. to x
1 + x2 y
Ax + By
dy
=0 ....(ii) ò x
dx = - ò
1 + y2
dy
dx
Again differentiate w.r. to x Let x = tan q Þ dx = sec 2 qd q
2
d2y æ dy ö sec3 qd q 2y
A + By + Bç ÷ = 0 ....(iii) Þò = -ò dy
dx 2 è dx ø tan q 2 1 + y2
From (ii) and (iii)
sin 2 q + cos 2 q
ìï d2y æ dy ö üï
2
dy Þò dq = - 1+ y2
x í - By 2 - B ç ÷ ý + By =0 sin q × cos 2 q
è dx ø dx
îï dx þï
Þ ò (tan q × sec q + cosecq ) d q = - 1 + y 2
Dividing both sides by –B, we get
d2y æ dy ö dy
2 Þ sec q + log e | cosec q - cot q | = - 1 + y 2 + C
xy + xç ÷ - y =0
2 è dx ø dx
dx 1 + x2 - 1
Therefore order 2 and degree 1. \ 1 + x 2 + loge = - 1 + y2 + C
x

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1 æ 1 + x 2 + 1ö 1
Þ x - (ln( y + 3x )) 2 = C
Þ 1+ y2 + 1 + x2 = ln ç ÷ +C
2 çè 1 + x 2 - 1÷ø 2
t 2 f 2 ( x ) - x 2 f 2 (t )
(a) Q y = æç x - 1ö÷ cosec x
2 18. (a) lim =0
15.
èp ø t® x t-x
dy 2 æ2 ö 2tf 2 ( x) - 2 x 2 f (t ) × f '(t )
= cosec x - ç x - 1÷ cosec x × cot x Þ lim =0
dx p èp ø t®x 1
Using L'Hospital's rule
é2 æ 2 ö ù
= cosec x ê - ç x - 1÷ cot x ú Þ f ( x) = xf '( x)
ëp è p ø û
f '( x) 1
Þ
dy 2
- cosec x = y cot x ...(i)
ò f ( x)
dx = ò dx
x
dx p
It is given that, log e f ( x) = log e x + loge C
dy 2 Þ f ( x ) = Cx , Q f (1) = e
Þ - cosec x = - yp( x ) ...(ii)
dx p Þ C = e; so f (x) = ex
By comparision of (i) and (ii), we get
1
p(x) = cot x When f ( x ) = 1 = ex Þ x =
e
5 + e x dy
16. (b) × = -e x æ y 2 + 1ö e x dx
2 + y dx 19. (c) ò çè y 2 ÷ø dy = ò ex + 1
dy ex
ò 2 + y = - ò 5 + e x dx 1
Þ y- = log e | e x + 1| +c
y
Þ log e | 2 + y | × log e | 5 + e x |= log e C
Q Passes through (0, 1).
Þ| (2 + y)(5 + e ) |= C
x
Q y (0) = 1 \ c = - log e 2
C = 18.
æ e x + 1ö
Þ y 2 - 1 = y log e ç ÷
\ (2 + y) × (5 + e ) = 18
x
è 2 ø
When x = loge13 then (2 + y) × 18 = 18
æ e x + 1ö
Þ 2 + y = ±1 Þ y 2 = 1 + y log e ç ÷
è 2 ø
\ y = -1, - 3
20. (b) x3dy + xy dyx = 2 y dx + x 2 dy
\ y (ln13) = -1
17. (a) Let y + 3x = t Þ ( x3 - x 2 )dy = (2 - x) y dx
dy dt dy 2-x
Þ +3= Þ = 2 dx
dx dx y x ( x - 1)
Putting these value in given differential equation
dy 2- x
Þò =ò 2 dx ...(i)
dt t y x ( x - 1)
=
dx loge t
2- x A B C
Let = + +
log e t x 2 ( x - 1) x x2 x - 1
Þò dt = ò dx
t
Þ 2 - x = A( x - 1) + B( x - 1) + Cx 2
2
(loge t ) Compare the coefficients of x, x2 and constant term.
Þ = x-C
2 C = 1, B = –2 and A = –1

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dy ì -1 2 1 ü dy 2 xy + y 2
\ò = òí - 2 + ý dx 22. (a) =
y îx x x - 1þ dx 2 x2
2 It is homogeneous differential equation.
Þ ln y = - ln x + + ln | x - 1 | + C \ Put y = vx
x
\ y (2) = e dv v2 dv dx
Þ v+ x =v+ Þò2 2 =ò
Þ 1 = - ln 2 + 1 + 0 + C [Q log e = 1] dx 2 v x
Þ C = ln 2 -2 -2 x
Þ = loge x + c Þ = log e x + c
2 v y
Þ ln y = - ln x + + ln | x - 1| + ln 2
x Put x = 1, y = 2, we get c = –1
At x = 4, - 2x
Þ = loge x - 1
1 y
Þ ln y (4) = - ln 4 + + ln 3 + ln 2
2
1 1
æ 3ö 1 æ3 ö Hence, put x = Þ y=
Þ ln y (4) = ln ç ÷ + = ln ç e1/ 2 ÷ 2 1 + log e 2
è 2ø 2 è2 ø
23. (a) f ¢(x) = tan–1 (sec x + tan x)
[Q log m + log n = log(mn)]
3 1/ 2 æ æp öö
Þ y (4) = e ç 1 - cos ç 2 + x ÷ ÷
2 -1 æ 1 + sin x ö -1 ç è ø÷
= tan ç ÷ = tan
21. (c) The given differential equation is è cos x ø ç sin æ p + x ö ÷
ç ç ÷ ÷
2 + sin x dy è è2 ø ø
= - cos x, y > 0
y + 1 dx
æ æp xö ö
dy cos x ç 2sin 2 ç + ÷ ÷
Þ =- dx -1 ç è4 2ø
y +1 2 + sin x = tan ÷
ç 2sin æ p + x ö cos æ p + x ö ÷
Integrate both sides, ç ç ÷ ç ÷÷
è è4 2ø è 4 2øø
dy ( - cos x)dx
ò y +1 = ò 2 + sin x æ æ p x öö p x
= tan -1 ç tan ç + ÷ ÷ = +
ln | y + 1|= - ln | 2 + sin x | + ln C è è 4 2 øø 4 2
Þ ln | y + 1| + ln | 2 + sin x |= ln C Integrate both sides, we get
Þ ln | ( y + 1)(2 + sin x) |= ln C æp xö
ò ( f ¢( x) ) dx = ò çè 4 + 2 ÷ø dx
Q y (0) = 1 Þ ln 4 = ln C Þ C = 4
\ ( y + 1)(2 + sin x ) = 4 p x2
f ( x) = x+ +C
4 4
4
Þy= -1 Q f(0) = 0
2 + sin x
2 - sin x 2 - sin p p x2
\y= Þ y (p ) = =1 C = 0 Þ f ( x) = x+
2 + sin x 2 + sin p 4 4
Þ a =1 p +1
So, f (1) =
4
dy (2 + sin x )( - cos x) - (2 - sin x) × cos x
Now, =
dx (2 + sin x )2 24. (d) The given differential equation,
dy dy xy
= 1 Þ b = 1. =
dx x =p dx x 2 + y 2
Ordered pair (a, b) = (1, 1).

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dy dv 27. (a) Let ey = t

Put y = vx Þ =v+ x
dx dx dy dt
ey =
dx dx
dv vx 2 v
Then, v + x = 2 2 2 = é
dx x + v x 1+ v2 dt y dy y xù
\
dx
- t = ex êëQ e dx - e = e úû
1 + v2 1
Þ dv = - dx
I.F. = e ò
-1.dx
v3 x = e- x
-1 t (e - x ) = ò e x .e- x dx Þ ey – x = x + c
æ 1 1ö
Þ ò çè v3 + v ÷ødv = ò x dx Put x = 0, y = 0, then we get c = 1
ey – x = x + 1
-1 æ 1 ö
y = x + loge(x + 1)
Þ + ln v = - ln x + c
2 çè v 2 ÷ø Put x = 1 \ y = 1 + loge2
28. (b) Given differential equation can be written as,
x2 é yù y2dx – xydy = x3dx
Þ - = - ln y + c êQ v =
2 y2 ë x úû
( ydx - xdy ) y æ yö
Þ = xdx Þ - yd ç ÷ = xdx
1 x2 èxø
When x = 1, y = 1, then - = c
2 2
y æ yö
- .d ç ÷ = dx Þ - æç ö÷ = x + c
Þ x2 = y2(1 + 2 ln y) 1 y
Þ
At y = e, x2 = e2(3) x èxø 2è x ø 1
Þ x = ± 3e Þ 2x3 + cx2 + y2 = 0 [Here, c = 2c1]

29. (c) cos xdy – (sin x) y dx = 6x dx
So, x = 3e
Þ ò d ( y cos x ) = ò 6 x dx Þ y cos x = 3 x 2 + C ...(1)
25. (b)
dy 1 d
=
dx 2 dx
(
sin -1 f ( x )) æpö
Given, y ç ÷ = 0
2y = sin –1 f(x) + C = sin–1 (sin(2tan –1x)) + C è3ø
æpö æ æ 2p ö ö p
Þ 2 ç ÷ = sin -1 ç sin ç ÷ ÷ + C Putting x = and y = 0 in eq. (1), we get
è ø
6 è è 3 øø 3
p p 1 ö 3p 2 -p2
= +C \ C=0
3 3 (10 ) ´ æç ÷= +C ÞC
è2ø 9 3
æ æ -2p ö ö
for x = - 3 , 2y = sin–1 ç sin ç ÷÷ + 0 p2
è è 6 øø So, from (1) y cos x = 3x 2 -
3
-p -p
Þ 2y = Þ y= p
3 6 Now, put x = in the above equation,
26. (c) The given differential eqn. is 6
dy dx 3 3p2 p2 3 y -3p2 -p2

+ = 0 Þ sin –1y + sin –1x = c y = - Þ = Þ y=
2 36 3 2 12 2 3
1- y2 1 - x2
dy 2 y
1 3 p 30. (1) Given =
At x = , y = Þ c= dx x 2
2 2 2
Þ sin–1y = cos–1x dy dx
Integrating both sides, ò y
= 2ò 2
x
æ 1 ö æ -1 æ 1 öö
Hence, y ç - ÷ = sin ç cos ç - ÷÷ 2
è 2ø è è 2 øø Þ ln | y | = - + C ...(i)
x
æ æ 1 öö 1
= sin ç p - cos -1 ç ÷÷ =
Equation (i) passes through the centre of the circle x2 + y2
è è 2 øø 2 – 2x – 2y = 0, i.e., (1, 1)

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\ C=2 \ in eq. (i), we get

2 -1 1
Now, ln | y | = - + 2 ln |1 - 3 y | = tan x – 1 – ln 3
x 3 3
x ln | y | = – 2 (1 – x) Þ x ln | y | = 2 (x – 1)
p
31. (b) The given differential equation Put, x = –
4
dy
= (x – y)2 ¼(1) 1 æ pö 1
dx Þ - ln |1 - 3 y | = tan ç - ÷ - 1 - ln 3
3 è 4ø 3
dy dt
Let x – y = t Þ 1 – = 1
dx dx = -1 - 1 - ln 3
3
dy dt Þ ln |1 – 3y| = 6 + ln 3
Þ =1–
dx dx
1 1 1
Now, from equation (1) Þ ln - y = 6 Þ - y = e6 Þ y = ± e6
3 3 3
æ dt ö 33. (a) (x2 – y2)dx + 2xy dy = 0
çè 1 – ÷ø = (t)2
dx y2dx – 2xydy = x2dx
dt 2xydy – y2dx = –x2dx
Þ ò dx = ò
dt
Þ 1 – t2 = d(xy2) = –x2 dx
dx 1– t 2
xd ( y 2 ) - y 2 d ( x )
1 t –1 = –dx
Þ –x = ln +c x2
2 ´1 t +1
æ y2 ö
1 x – y –1 d ç ÷ = –dx
Þ –x = ln +c è xø
2 x – y +1
Q The given condition y(1) = 1 æ y2 ö
ò d çèx ÷ø
= - ò dx
1 1– 1 – 1
–1 = ln + c Þ c = –1
2 1 –1+1 y2
= –x + C ...(1)
x
1– x + y
Hence, 2(x – 1) = – ln Since, the above curve passes through the point (1, 1)
1– y + x
12
dy 3 1 Then, = –1 + C Þ C = 2
32. (a) Given, + y= 1
dx cos 2 x cos 2 x
Now, the curve (1) becomes
dy y2 = –x2 + 2x
= sec2 x(1 – 3y)
dx Þ y2 = –(x – 1)2 + 1
dy (x – 1)2 + y2 = 1
Þ ò (1 - 3 y) = ò sec 2 x dx The above equation represents a circle with centre (1, 0)
and centre lies on x-axis.
1
Þ - ln |1 - 3 y | = tan x + C ...(i) 34. (a) f(xy) = f(x).f(y) ...(1)
3
Put x = y = 0 in (1) to get f(0) = 1
æpö 4 Put x = y = 1 in (1) to get f(1) = 0 or f(1) = 1
Q yç ÷ = (Given)
è4ø 3 f(1) = 0 is reected else y = 1 in (1) gives f(x) = 0
1 p imply f(0) = 0.
Þ - ln |1 - 4| = tan + C
3 4 Hence, f(0) = 1 and f(1) = 1
1 1 By first principle derivative formula,
Þ - ln 3 = C + 1 Þ C = –1 – ln 3
3 3

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f ( x + h) - f ( x) (2 + sin x) (y + 1) = C
f ¢(x) = lim At x = 0, y = 1 we have
h® 0 h
(2 + sin 0) (1 + 1) = C
æ æ hö ö Þ C=4
f ç1 + ÷ - f (1)
ç è xø ÷ 4
lim f ( x) ç ÷ Þ y+ 1 =
= h®0 ç h ÷ 2 + sin x
èç ø÷ 4
y= -1
2 + sin x
f ( x)
Þ f ¢(x) = f ¢ (1)
x æ pö 4 4 1
Now y ç ÷ = - 1 = -1 =
è ø 2 + sin
2 p 3 3
f ¢( x ) k
Þ = Þ ln f(x) = k ln x + c 2
f ( x) x
37. (b) y (1 + xy)dx = xdy
f(1) = 1 Þ ln1 = k ln 1 + c Þ c = 0
xdy - ydx
Þ ln f(x) = k ln x Þ f(x) = xk but f(0) = 1 = xdx
Þ k=0 y2
\ f(x) = 1 æxö
Þ ò -d ç ÷ = ò xdx
dy è yø
= f(x) = 1 Þ y = x + c, y(0) = 1 Þ c = 1
x x2 1
dx
- = + C as y(1) = –1 Þ C =
Þ y=x+1 y 2 2
-2x æ -1 ö 4
æ 1ö æ 3ö 1 3 Hence, y = Þfç ÷=
\ y ç ÷ + y ç ÷ = +1 + + 1 = 3 2
x +1 è 2 ø 5
è 4ø è 4ø 4 4
35. (b) (x2 – y2) dx + 2xydy = 0 t 2 f ( x ) - x 2 f (t )
38. (d) Let L = lim =1
dy y 2 - x 2 t® x t-x
Þ = Applying L.H. rule
dx 2 xy
Let y = vx 2t f ( x) - x 2 f ¢ (t )
L = lim =1
dy dv t® x 1
=v+ x
dx dx 2x f (x) – x2 f ¢(x) = 1
solving above differential equation, we get
dv v 2 x 2 - x 2 dv v 2 - 1
Þ v+x = Þ v+x = 2 2 1
f (x) = x +
2
dx 2vx dx 2v
3 3x
dv - v 2 - 1
Þ x = 3
dx 2v Put x =
2
2vdv dx
Þ =- æ3ö 2 æ3ö 1 2
2
3 2 27 + 4 31
v2 + 1 x f ç ÷ = ´ç ÷ + ´ = + = =
After integrating, we get è2ø 3 è2ø 3 3 2 9 18 18
ln | v2 + 1| = – ln | x | + lnc 39. (b) Given differential equation is
ydx – (x + 2y2) dy = 0
y2 c Þ ydx – xdy – 2y2dy = 0
+1=
x2 x ydx - xdy
As curve passes through the point (1, 1), so 1 + 1 = c Þ = 2dy
y2
Þc=2
x2 + y2 – 2x = 0, which is a circle of radius one. æ xö
Þ d ç ÷ = 2dy
dy è yø
36. (b) We have (2 + sinx) + (y + 1) cos x = 0
dx Integrate both the side
d x
Þ (2 + sin x)(y + 1) = 0 Þ = 2y + c
dx y
On integrating, we get using f(–1) = 1, we get

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M-450 Mathematics
c=1 t
p(t )
x Þ - 200 = e 2 k
Þ = 2y + 1 2
y Using given condition p(t) = 400 – 300 et/2
put y = 1, we get f(a) = 3
dy y æ yö
dy 42. (d) Given = + fç ÷ ...(1)
40. (a) ( x + 2 ) = x 2 + 4x - 9 x ¹ -2 dx x è xø
dx
æ yö
dy x 2 + 4x - 9 Let çè ÷ø = v so that y = xv
= x
dx x+2
dy dv
x 2 + 4x - 9 or = x +v ...(2)
dy = dx dx dx
x+2
dv æ 1ö
from (1) & (2), x + v = v + fç ÷

x 2 + 4x - 9 è vø
ò dy = ò x + 2 dx
dx
dv dx
æ 13 ö or, =
y = òç x + 2 - ÷dx æ 1ö
fç ÷
x
è x+2ø è vø
1
y = ò (x + 2) dx - 13 ò dx Integrating both sides, we get
x+2
x2 dx dv dv
y= + 2x – 13 log | x + 2 | + c ò x
= ò æ 1ö
Þ ln x + c = ò
æ 1ö
2 fç ÷ fç ÷
Given that y = (0) = 0 è vø è vø
0 = – 13 log 2 + c (where c being constant of integration)
x2 x
y= + 2x – 13 log |x + 2| + 13 log 2 But, given y = is the general solution
2 ln | cx |
y(–4) = 8 – 8 – 13 log 2 + 13 log 2 = 0
x 1 dv
41. (c) Given differential equation is so that
y
=
v
= ln|cx| = ò æ 1ö
fç ÷
dp (t ) 1 è vø
= p (t ) - 200
dt 2 Differentiating w.r.t v both sides, we get
By separating the variable, we get
é1 ù æ 1ö -1 æ xö y2
dp(t) = ê p(t ) - 200ú dt fç ÷ = Þ f ç ÷ = -
ë 2 û è vø v2 è yø x2
dp(t ) 2 2
Þ = dt x æ yö æ 1ö æ -1ö
1 when = 2 i.e. f(2) = - ç ÷ = - ç ÷ = ç ÷
p (t ) - 200 y è xø è 2ø è 4ø
2
Integrate on both the sides, dP
d ( p (t )) 43. (c) Given, Rate of change is = 100 - 12 x
ò1 = ò dt dx
p (t ) - 200 Þ dP = (100 – 12 x ) dx
2
By integrating
1 dp(t )
Let p(t ) - 200 = s Þ = ds
2 2 ò dP = ò (100 - 12 x ) dx
d p (t ) P = 100x – 8x3/2 + C
So, ò 1
ö ò
= dt
æ Given when x = 0 then P = 2000
ç p ( t ) - 200 ÷
è2 ø Þ C = 2000
2ds Now when x = 25 then
Þ ò = ò dt Þ 2 log s = t + c
s P = 100 × 25 – 8 × (25)3/2 + 2000 = 4500 – 1000
æ p (t ) ö Þ P = 3500
Þ 2log ç - 200÷ = t + c
è 2 ø

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dy 1 Putting in (i)
44. (a) Slope = =1- 2 é æ 900 - p ( t ) ö ù
dx Þ ÷ø ú = t
x 2 êln ç
æ 1 ö ë è 50 û
Þ ò dy = ò ç1 - 2 ÷ dx
è x ø
t
1 Þ 900 - p (t ) = 50e 2
Þ y = x+ + C , which is the equation of the curve t
x
Þ p(t ) = 900 - 50e 2
æ 7ö
since curve passes through the point ç 2, ÷
è 2ø let p (t1) = 0
7 1 t1
\ = 2+ +C Þ C=1
2 2 0 = 900 - 50e 2 \ t1 = 2ln 18
1 47. (c) Given differential equation is
\ y = x + +1
x (2 + sin x) dy
. = cos x
1 -3 (1 + y ) dx
when x = – 2, then y = -2 + +1 =
-2 2 which can be rewritten as
45. (d) Given differential equation is dy cos x
= dx
dy y3 1 + y 2 + sin x
=
dx 2( xy 2 - x 2 ) Integrate both the sides, we get
By substituting z = y2, we get diff. eqn. as dy cos x dx
ò =ò
dz 2z 2
z 2
1+ y 2 + sin x
= =
dx 2( xz - x 2 ) xz - x 2 Þ log (1 + y) = log (2 + sin x) + log C
Þ 1 + y = C (2 + sin x)
dx x x2
x é xù æxö
Now, = - = ê1 - ú » F ç ÷ Given y(0) = 2
dz z z2 z ë z û èzø 3
Þ 1 + 2 = C[2 + sin 0] Þ C =
Hence, statement-1 is true. 2
2
Now, y 2 e - y / x = C satisfies the given diff. equation æ pö
Now, y ç ÷ can be found as
è 2ø
\ It is the solution of given diff. equation.
3æ pö 9
Thus, statement-2 is also true. 1 + y = ç 2 + sin ÷ Þ 1 + y =
46. (a) Given differential equation is 2è 2ø 2
dp (t ) 7
= 0.5 p(t ) - 450 Þ y=
dt 2
dp(t ) 1 æ pö 7
Þ = p(t ) - 450 Hence, y ç ÷ =
dt 2 è 2ø 2
48. (b) Equation of tangent at P
dp (t ) p (t ) - 900
Þ = dy
dt 2 Y–y= ( X - x)
dx
dp(t )
= - ëé900 - p ( t ) ûù
Y
Þ 2
dt B (0, y – xdy/dx )
dp(t )
Þ 2 = -dt
900 - p(t )
Integrate both the side, we get ( x, y)
P
dp(t )
- 2ò
900 - p(t ) ò
= dt
Let 900 – p (t) = u X¢ O

X
Þ – dp (t) = du Y¢
A(x – y)/(dy/dx), 0)
du y
2ò X-intercept = x -
u ò
= dt Þ 2 ln u = t + c ...(i) dy / dx
Þ 2ln [900 – p(t)] = t + c xdy
Y-intercept = y –
Given t = 0, p (0) = 850 dx
2 ln (50) = c Since P is mid-point of A and B

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M-452 Mathematics
y xdy As y(1) = 1
x- = 2 x and y - = 2y
dy dx \ c = 1 So solution is y = x lnx + x
-y - xdy 52. (b) Equation of normal at P(x, y) is
Þ = x and =y
dy dx
dx
dx Y–y=– ( X - x)
dx dy dy
Þ =- Coordinate of G at X axis is (X, 0) (let)
x y
lny = – lnx + lnc \ 0 – y = – dx ( X - x )
c dy
y=
x dy
Since the above line passes through the point (2, 3). Þ y = X -x
dx
\ c=6
dy
6 Þ X=x+y
Hence y = is the required equation. dx
x
æ dy ö
dV (t ) \ Co-ordinate of G çè x + y , 0÷ø
49. (a) = -k (T - t ) dx
dt Given distance of G from origin = twice of the abscissa of
Þ ò dV (t ) = -k ò (T - t )dt P.
Q distance cannot be –ve, therefore abscissa x should be
k (T - t )2 +ve
V (t ) = +c
2 dy
dy
at t = 0, V (t) = I
\ x+ y = 2 x Þ y dx = x
dx
kT 2 Þ ydy = xdx
I = +c
2 y 2 x2
On Integrating, we have = + c1
kT 2 2 2
Þc=I - Þ x2 – y2 = –2c1
2
\ the curve is a hyperbola
k
Þ V (t ) = I + (t 2 - 2tT ) xdy
2 53. (c) = y (log y – log x + 1)
k 2 k dx
V (T ) = I + (T - 2T 2 ) = I - T 2
2 2 dy y æ æ yö ö
= log ç ÷ + 1÷
dy dx x çè è xø ø
ò y + 3 = ò dx
dy
50. (d) = y+3 Þ Put y = vx
dx
dy xdv xdv
=v+ Þ v+ = v (log v + 1)
Þ ln y +3 = x+ c dx dx dx
Given y (0) = 2, \ l n 5 = c xdv
= v log v Þ ò
dv
=ò
dx
dx v log v x
Þ ln y + 3 = x + ln5
Put log v = z
Put x = ln 2 , then ln |y + 3| = ln 2 + ln5 1 dz dx
dv = dz Þ ò
z ò x
Þ ln | y + 3 | = ln 10 =
v
\ y + 3 = ±10 Þ y = 7, – 13 ln z = ln x + ln c
dy x + y y æ yö
= = 1+ x = cx or log v = cx or log ç ÷ = cx.
51. (d)
dx x x è xø
It is homogeneous differential eqn. d2y -2 x
54. (b) = e-2 x ; on integration dy = e +c;
dy dv dx 2
dx -2
Putting y = vx and =v+x
we get
dx dx e -2 x
Again integrate we get y = + cx + d
dv dx 4
= 1+ v Þ ò
x ò
v+x = dv
dx dy
55. (c) + 2 y tan x = 2 sin x
Þ v = ln x + c Þ y = xlnx + cx dx

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I.F. = e
ò 2 tan xdx
= sec 2 x Q At x = 2, y = 0
\ 0 = 3(2 + 1 + C) Þ C = – 3
The solution of the differential equation is
é 3 ù
ò
y × I.F. = I.F. ´ 2sin x dx + C Then, y = (1 + x) ê x + -3
ë 1 + x úû
ò
Þ y × sec 2 x = 2sin x × sec 2 x dx + C é
Now, at x = 3, y = (1 + 3) ê3 +
3 ù
-3 = 3
ë 1 + 3 úû
Þ y sec2 x = 2sec x + C ...(i)
dx
p 58. (a) The given differential equation is + x = y2
When x = , y = 0; then C = – 4 dy
3
dx
\ From (i), y sec 2 x = 2sec x - 4 Comparing with + Px = Q, where P = 1, Q = y2
dy
2sec x - 4 æpö
Þy= Þ yç ÷ = 2 -2
sec 2 x è4ø Now, I.F. = e ò1.dy = e y
56. (a) dy y
- = x( x cos x + sin x)
x.e y = ò ( y 2 )e y . dy = y 2 .e y - ò 2 y.e y .dy
dx x = y2e y – 2(y.e y – e y) + C
1 Þ x.ey = y2ey – 2yey + 2ey + C
- ò dx 1
I.F. = e x = Þ x = y2 – 2y + 2 + C. e–y ...(i)
x As y(0) = 1, satisfying the given differential eqn,
\ put x = 0, y = 1 in eqn. (i)
æ yö
\ ò d ç ÷ = ò ( x cos x + sin x)dx
è xø 0 = 1- 2 + 2 +
C
e
y C=–e
Þ = x sin x + C Q y (p) = p Þ C = 1
x y = 0, x = 0 – 0 + 2 + (– e) (e–0)
x=2–e
æ pö p p
2
y = x 2 sin x + x Þ y ç ÷ = + 59. (b) Consider the differential equation,
è 2ø 4 2
æ 1ö
y ' = 2 x sin x + x 2 cos x + 1 y2dx + ç x - ÷ dy = 0
è yø
æ pö p dx æ 1 ö
2
y '' = 2 sin x - x 2 sin x Þ y '' ç ÷ = 2 - 1
è 2ø 4 Þ dy + çç 2 ÷÷ x = 3
è ø
y y
æ pö æ pö p2 p2 p p 1
\ y '' ç ÷ + y ç ÷ = 2 - + + = 2+ 1
I.F. = ò y 2 -
dy
è 2ø è 2ø 4 4 2 2 e =e y
57. (c) (x + 1)dy = ((x + 1)2 + (y – 3))dx = 0
1 1
- -
dy æ y -3ö \ x.e
y
= òe y 1
dy + c
Þ = (1 + x ) + ç ÷
dx è 1+ x ø y3
dy 1 3 1 1
- y = (1 + x) - Put - = u Þ 2 dy = du
dx (1 + x ) (1 + x) y y
1 1
-ò dx -
(1+ x ) 1
I.F. = e = Þ x.e y
= - ò ueu du + c = -ueu + eu + c
(1 + x )
1 1
d æ y ö 3 - - æ
1 ö
\ ç ÷ = 1- Þ x.e y = e y ç + 1 ÷ + c
dx è 1 + x ø (1 + x )2 èy ø
é 3 ù At y = 1, x = 1
y = (1 + x) ê x + + Cú
ë (1 + x ) û

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1 æpö æ pö
1 æ 1ö 1 Þ y¢ ç ÷ – y¢ ç - ÷ = p - 2
1 = 2 + ce Þ c = - Þ x = ç1 + ÷ - e y è4ø è 4ø
e è yø e
dy 2
3 1 62. (c) + y = x y(1) = 1 (given)
On putting y = 2, we get x = - dx x
2 e
Since, the above differential equation is the linear
dy
60. (a) + y sec2 x = sec 2 ´ tan x ò dx
2
dx differential equation, then I .F = e x = x 2
Given equation is linear differential equation. Now, the solution of the linear differential equation
2
IF = e ò
sec xdx
= e tan x y ´ x 2 = ò x3dx
Þ y.etanx = ò e tan x sec 2 ´ tan xdx x4

Þ yx 2 = +C
Put tan x = u = sec2x dx = du 4
Q y (1) = 1
yetan x = ò euu du Þ yetan x = ueu – eu + c
1 3
Þ yetan x = (tan x – 1) etan x + c \1´ 1 = + C Þ C =
4 4
Þ y = (tan x – 1) + c. e– tan x
\ Solution becomes.
\ y (0) = 0 (given) Þ 0 = – 1 + c Þ c = 1
Hence, solution of differential equation, x2 3
y= +
4 4 x2
æ pö
yç- ÷ = – 1 – 1 + e = – 2 + e
è 4ø dy
63. (d) (1 + x2)2 + 2x (1 + x2) y = 1
61. (d) Given differential equation is, dx
dy dy æ 2 x ö 1
+ y tan x = 2 x + x 2 tan x Þ +
dx dx çè 1 + x 2 ÷y =
ø (1 + x 2 )2
Here, P = tan x, Q = 2x + x2 tan x Since, the above differential equation is a linear differential
I.F. = e ò equation
tanxdx
= eln|sec x| =| sec x |
2x
\ y (sec x) = ò (2 x + x 2 tan x )sec xdx \ I.F. = ò 1+ x2 dx = elog(1+ x 2 ) = 1 + x2
e
òx tan x sec xdx + ò 2 x sec xdx = x2sec x + c

2
= Then, the solution of the differential equation
Given y (0) = 1 Þ c = 1 dx
\ y = x2 + cos x ...(i)
Þ y (1 + x2) = ò 1 + x2 + c
p -p
Now put x = and x = in equation (i), Þ y (1 + x2) = tan–1 x + c ...(1)
4 4
If x = 0 then y = 0 (given)
2 2
æpö p 1 æ pö p 1 Þ 0=0+c
yç ÷ = + and y ç - ÷ = +
è 4 ø 16 2 è 4 ø 16 2 Þ c=0
æpö æ pö Then, equation (1) becomes,
Þ yç ÷ - yç- ÷ = 0
è4ø è 4ø Þ y (1 + x2) = tan–1 x
Now put x = 1 in above equation, then
dy
= 2 x - sin x p
dx 2y =
4
æpö p 1 æ pö p 1
\ y¢ ç ÷ = - and y¢ ç - ÷ = - +
è4ø 2 è 4ø 2 æ p ö p é pù
÷=
2 2
Þ 2ç êë a y (1) = 32 úû
è 32 a ø 4

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1 Then, equation of curve

Þ a=
4 x2 9
y= -
1 4 4 x2
Þ a=
16 Since, above curve satisfies the point.
64. (c) Consider the differential equation,
dy y
Hence, the curve passes through ( )
3, 0 .
+ = logex 66. (c) Given differential equation is,
dx x
1 dy æ 1ö
Q IF = e ò x dx = x + ç 2 + ÷ y = e–2x, x > 0
dx è xø
\ yx = ò x ln x dx æ 1ö
ò ç 2+ ÷ dx
x è ø
IF = e = e2x + ln x = xe2x
x2 1 x2
Þ xy = ln x × - ò × dx Complete solution is given by
2 x 2 -2 x
y( x) × x e2 x = ò x e × e dx + c
2x
2 2
x x
Þ xy = × ln x - + c
2 4 = ò x dx + c
Given, 2y(2) = loge 4 – 1.
x2
\ 2y = 2 ln 2 – 1 + c y ( x) × e 2 x × x = +c
2
Þ ln4 – 1 = ln4 – 1 + c
i.e. c = 0 1 -2
Given, y(1) = e
2
x2 x2
Þ xy = ln x - 1 -2 2 1
2 4 \ e × e ×1 = + c Þ c = 0
2 2
x x
Þ y= ln x -
2 4 x 2 e -2 x
\ y(x) = ×
2 x
e e e
Þ y(e) = - =
2 4 4 x -2 x
y(x) = × e
2
x2 - 2 y
65. (b) Q Slope of the tangent = Differentiate both sides with respect to x,
x
e -2 x æ1 ö
dy x 2 - 2 y y¢(x) = (1 - 2 x ) < 0 " x Î ç , 1÷
Q = 2 è2 ø
dx x
æ1 ö
dy 2
+ y =x Hence, y(x) is decreasing in çè , 1÷ø
2
dx x
2
dx
67. (b) Let y = f(x)
I.F. = e ò x = e2ln x = x 2
dy æ 3 ö
+ç ÷ y =7
Solution of equation dx è 4 x ø
y × x2 = ò x × x 2dx 3 3 æ 3ö
I.F. = ò dx ln x ç ÷
e 4x = e4 = xè 4 ø
x4 Solution of differential equation
x2y = +C
4 3
3
\ curve passes through point (1, –2) y × x 4 = ò 7 × x 4 dx + C
14
(1)2 (–2) = +C 7
7
4 x4
3 7× + C = 4x4 + C
-9 y × x4 = æ 7ö
Þ C= çè ÷ø
4 4

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M-456 Mathematics
3
y = 4x + Cx - 4 p2
Then, ysin x = 2x 2 - is the solution
2
3
æ 1ö 4
æpö æ p p2 ö
2
Þ f ç ÷ = + Cx 4 8p2
è xø x \ y ç 6 ÷ = çç 2. 36 - 2 ÷÷ 2 = - 9
è ø è ø
æ 7ö
æ 1ö dy 1
Þ lim+ x × f ç ÷ = lim+ ç 4 + Cx 4 ÷ = 4 70. (a) When x Î [0, 1], then + 2 y = 1Þ y = + C1e –2 x
x ®0 è xø x®0 è ø dx 2
1 1 –2 x
dy
+ 2 y = x2 Q y (0) = 0 Þ y (x) = – e
68. (c) Since, x 2 2
dx
1 1 –2 e 2 – 1
dy 2
Þ + y =x Here, y (1) = – e =
dx x 2 2 2e 2
2
I.F. = e ò x dx = e2 ln x = e lnx 2 = x2. dy
When x Ï [0, 1], then + 2 y = 0 Þ y = c e –2x
dx 2
Solution of differential equation is:
e2 – 1 e2 – 1 2 –2 e2 – 1
y × x2 = ò x × x 2dx Q y (1) = Þ = c e Þ C2 =
2 2 2
x4
y × x2 = + C ...(1) æ e 2 – 1 ö –2 x 2
æ3ö e –1
4 \ y (x) çç ÷÷ e Þ y ç ÷ =
è 2 ø è2ø 2e3
Q y(1) = 1
71. (b) y dx – x dy – 3y2 dy = 0
3
\ C= dx x dx x
4 Þ = + 3y Þ - = 3y
Then, from equation (1) dy y dy y
1
- ò dy
1
x4 3
y×x = +
2 if = e y
= e - ln y =
4 4 y
x 1
y ò
x2 3 \ solution is = 3 y . dy
\ y= + y
4 4 x2 x
Þ = 3y + c
æ 1ö 1 y
49
\ yç ÷ = + 3 =
è 2 ø 16 16 which passes through (1, 1)
\ 1 = 3 + c Þ c = –2
69. (b) Consider the given differential equation the
sinxdy + ycosxdx = 4xdx \ solution becomes
Þ d(y.sinx) = 4xdx Þ x = 3y2 – 2y
Integrate both sides æ 1 1ö
Þ y.sinx = 2x2 + C ...(1) which also passes through ç - , ÷
è 3 3ø
2x 2 dy y
+ sec x =
tan x
Þ y(x) = + c ...(2) 72. (d)
dx 2
sin x 2y
dy
æp ö 2y + y2 sec x = tan x
Q eq. (2) passes through ç ,0 ÷ dx
è2 ø
dy dt
Put y2 = t Þ 2y =
p2 dx dx
Þ0= +C
2 dt
+ t sec x = tan x
dx
p2
ÞC= -
I.f = e ò
sec xdx In(sec x + tan x )
2 =e = sec x + tan x
Now, put the value of C in (1)

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Now, integrating factor (I.F) = e ò

dt - cosec2 x
(sec x + tan x) + t sec x (sec x + tan x)
dx
= tan x(sec x + tan x)
or, I.F = e
1
- log|tan x|
2 = e
log ( tan x ) -1
ò d (t (sec x + tan x)) = ò tan x (sec x + tan x) dx 1
= = cot x
t (sec x + tan x) = sec x + tan x – x tan x
x x Now, general solution of eq. (1) is written as
t=1– Þ y2 = 1 –
sec x + tan x sec x + tan x y(I. F.) = ò Q(I.F.) dx + c
dy æ 1 ö
+ y=2 \ y cot x = ò tan x . cot x dx + c
dx çè x log x ÷ø
73. (a) Given,
\ y cot x = ò 1.dx + c
1
ò x log x dx log(log x) \ y cot x = x + c
I.F. = e =e = log x
76. (d) Given differential equation is
y. logx = ò 2 log xdx + c
dy
y logx = 2[x log x – x] + c (1 + x 2 )
+ 2 xy = 4 x 2
dx
Put x = 1, y.0 = –2 + c
dy æ 2 x ö 4 x2
c=2 Þ +ç y =
Put x = e dx è 1 + x2 ÷ø 1 + x2
y loge = 2e(log e – 1) + c This is linear diff. equation
2x
y(e) = c = 2 ò dx 2
I.F = e 1+ x2 = elog (1+ x ) = 1 + x 2
dy
74. (c) Let + y tan x = sin 2x \ Solution is
dx
4x2
I.F = eò = e - log cos x = sec x
tan x dx y(1 + x2) = ò ´1 + x 2 + C
1 + x2
Required solution is 4 x3
Þ y(1 + x2) = +C
y (sec x) = ò sin 2 x sec x dx + c 3
Þ Required curve is
2sin x cos x
y (sec x) = ò cos x
dx + c 3y (1 + x2) = 4x3 (Q C = 0)
dy
77. (b) Given differential equation is ( x 2 - 1) + 2 xy = x
y (sec x) = 2ò sin x dx + c dx
y (sec x) = –2cos x + c ...(1) dy 2x x
Þ + .y = 2
Given y(0) = 1 dx x 2 - 1 x -1
\ put x = 0 and y = 1, we get This is in linear form.
1 (sec 0) = – 2 cos 0 + c
2x dt where t = x2 – 1
Þc=1+2Þc=3 Integrating factor = ò dx = ò
e x -1
2
\ from eqn (1), we have e t
y sec x = –2 cos x + 3 ...(2) = elog t = x2 – 1
To find y (p), put x = p in eqn (2), we get Hence, required integrating factor = x2 – 1.
y (secp) = – 2 cos p + 3 78. (d) Given differential equation is
y = – 2 (–1) (–1) + 3 (–1) = –2 – 3 = – 5
dy 2
æ dy ö + .y = x2
75. (d) Given, sin 2 x ç - tan x ÷ - y = 0 dx x
è dx ø
This is of the linear form.
dy y 2
or, = + tan x \ P = , Q = x2
dx sin 2 x x
2
dy ò x dx 2
or, - y cosec2 x = tan x ...(1) I.F = e = e log x = x2
dx

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M-458 Mathematics
Solution is ò tan x dx
I.F. = e = e log|sec x| = sec x
x5
y.x 2 = ò x 2 .x 2 dx + c = +c Solution : t secx = ò sec x sec x dx
5
3 1
x
y= + cx -2 Þ sec x = tan x + c
5 y
dx x 1 81. (b) ydx + ( x + x 2 y )dy = 0
79. (c) dy + 2 = 3
y y
dx x dx x
It is linear differential eqn. Þ = - - x2 Þ + = -x2 ,
1 dy y dy y
ò 2 dy –
1
I.F. = e y
=e y It is Bernoulli form. Divide by x2
dx æ 1ö
x -2 + x -1 ç ÷ = -1.
1 1
- 1 –
So x.e y
=ò e y
dy dy è yø
3
y
-1 dx dt
Let =t put x -1 = t , - x -2
= we get,
y dy dy
1 dt æ 1ö dt æ 1 ö
dy = dt - + t ç ÷ = -1 Þ - t =1
Þ
y2 dy è y ø dy çè y ÷ø
1 1 It is linear differential eqn. in t.
- 1 -y
Þ I = -ò tet dt = et - tet = e y
+ e +c 1
ò - dy
y
1 1 1 I.F = e
y
= e - log y = y -1
- - 1 -
Þ xe y
=e y
+ e y
+c \ Solution is t ( y -1 ) = ò ( y -1 )dy + C
y
1 1 1 1
Þ x = 1+ + c.e1/ y Þ . = log y + C Þ log y - =C
y x y xy
Given y(l) = 1 -1 dy
1 82. (c) (1 + y 2 ) + ( x - e tan y
) =0
\ c=- dx
e
-1
1 1 dx x e tan y
Þ x = 1 + - .e1/ y Þ + =
y e dy (1 + y ) (1 + y 2 )
2
80. (d) cos x dy = y (sin x - y ) dx It is form of linear differential equation.

dy 1
= y tan x - y 2 sec x ò dy
tan -1 y
(1+ y 2 )
dx I .F = e =e
1 dy 1 -1
- tan x = - sec x -1 e tan y -1
y 2 dx y
...(i) x(e tan y
)=ò e tan y
dy
2
1+ y
1 1 dy dt
Let =tÞ- = -1 é e2 x ù
e2 tan
ò
-1 y 2x
y y 2 dx dx x(etan y
)= +C êQ e dx = ú
Putting in (i) 2 êë 2 úû
dt -1 -1
- - t tan x = - sec x \ 2 xe tan y
= e2 tan y
+k
dx
dt
Þ + (tan x )t = sec x
dx

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Vector Algebra M-459
25
Vector Algebra
5. If the volume of parallelopiped formed by the vectors

Algebra of Vectors, Section Formula, $i + l $j + k$ , $j + l k$ and l$i + k$ is minimum, then l is equal
Linear Dependence & Independence
of Vectors, Position Vector of a Point, to : [April 12, 2019 (I)]
TOPIC Ć Modulus of a Vector, Collinearity of
Three points, Coplanarity of Three 1 1
Vectors & Four Points, Vector (a) - (b) (c) 3 (d) - 3
3 3
Inequality
r
6. Let a Î R and the three vectors a = ai$ + $j + 3k$ ,
1. Let a, b, c Î R be such that a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1. If r r
b = 2$i + $j - a k$ an d c = a$i - 2 $j + 3k$ . Then the set
æ 2p ö æ 4p ö p r
a cos q - b cos ç q + ÷ = c cos ç q + ÷ , where q = , r r
è 3 ø è 3 ø 9 S = (a : a, b and c are coplanar) [April 12, 2019 (II)]
then the angle between the vectors ai + bj + ck and
(a) is singleton
(b) is empty
bi + cj + ak is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
(c) contains exactly two positive numbers
p 2p p
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 (d) contains exactly two numbers only one of which is
2 3 9
positive
2. Let the position vectors of points 'A' and 'B' be i + j + k r
7. If a unit vector a makes angles p 3 with i$, p 4 with $j
and 2i + j + 3k, respectively. A point 'P' divides the line
segment AB internally in the ratio l :1 (l > 0) . If O is the and q Î (0, p) with k$ , then a value of is:
uuur uuur uuur uuur [April 09, 2019 (II)]
region and OB × OP - 3 | OA ´ OP |2 = 6, then l is equal to
5p p 5p 2p
___________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] (a) (b) (c) (d)
ur r 6 4 12 3
3. If the vectors, p = (a + 1)i + aj + ak, q = ai + (a +1) j + ak 8. The sum of the distinct real values of m, for which the
r
and r = ai + aj + (a + 1)k (a Î R) are coplanar and vectors, m i + j + k, i + m j + k, i + j + m k, are co-planar,
ur r r r
3( p . q) 2 - l | r ´ q |2 = 0, then the value of l is _____. is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
[NA Jan. 9, 2020 (I)] (a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
r r
r r
4. Let a = 3$i + 2 $j + 2k$ and b = $i + 2 $j - 2k$ be two vectors. If 9. Let a = i + 2 j + 4k, b = i + l j + 4k and
r r r r r
a vector perpendicular to both the vectors a + b and a - b ( )
c = 2i + 4 j + l 2 - 1 k be coplanar vectors. Then the
has the magnitude 12 then one such vector is : r r
[April 12, 2019 (I)] non-ero vector a ´ c is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
(
(a) 4 2$i + 2 $j + 2k$ ) (
(b) 4 2$i - 2 $j - k$ ) (a) –10i - 5 j (b) –14i - 5 j
(c) 4 ( 2$i + 2 $j - k$ ) (d) 4 ( -2$i - 2 $j + k$ ) (c) –14i + 5 j (d) –10i + 5 j

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M-460 Mathematics
r r r
10. Let 3i + j, i + 3 j and bi + (1 - b ) j respectively be the 17. Let a, b, c be three non-ero vectors which are pairwise
r r r r r
position vectors of the points A, B and C with respect to non-collinear. If a + 3b is collinear with c and b + 2c is
the origin O. If the distance of C from the bisector of the r r r r
collinear with a , then a + 3b + 6c is : [2011RS]
3 r r r r r
acute angle between OA and OB is , then the sum of (a) a (b) c (c) 0 (d) a + c
2
all possible values of b is : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] 18. If the pi$ + $j + k$ , $i + q $j + k$ and i + j + rk ( p ¹ q ¹ r ¹ 1)
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 vector are coplanar, then the value of pqr - ( p + q + r ) is
ur r r r r r
11. Let a = (l - 2) a + b and b = (4l - 2) a + 3b be two [2011RS]
r r (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) – 1 (d) – 2
given vectors where vectors a and b are non-collinear..
r
ur r 19. The vector a = a i + 2 j + bk lies in the plane of the

The value of l for which vectors a and b are collinear, is:
r r
[Jan. 10, 2019 (II)] vectors b = i + j and c = j + k and bisects the angle
(a) – 4 (b) – 3 (c) 4 (d) 3 r
r between b and cr . Then which one of the following gives
12. Let u be a vector coplanar with the vectors
r r r r possible values of a and b? [2008]
a = 2i + 3 - k and b = + k . If u is perpendicular to a (a) a = 2, b = 2 (b) a = 1, b = 2
r r r (c) a = 2, b = 1 (d) a = 1, b = 1
and u × b - 24 , then | u |2 is equal to : [2018]
20. ABC is a triangle, right angled at A. The resultant of the
(a) 315 (b) 256 (c) 84 (d) 336
13. Let ABC be a triangle whose circumcentre is at P. If the 1
forces acting along AB, BC with magnitudes and
r r r AB
r r r a +b+c
position vectors A, B, C and P are a, b, c and
4 1
respectively is the force along AD , where D is the
respectively, then the position vector of the orthocentre AC
of this triangle, is : [Online April 10, 2016] foot of the perpendicular from A onto BC. The magnitude
r r r
æ a + b + cö r of the resultant is [2006]
(a) - ç 2 ÷ø (b) ar + b + cr
è
r r r (a) AB 2 + AC 2 (b) ( AB )( AC )
æ a + b + cö r 2 2 AB + AC
(c) ç ( AB) ( AC )
è 2 ÷ø (d) 0
uuur uuur 1 1 1
14. If the vectors AB = 3i + 4k and AC = 5i – 2 j + 4k are (c) + (d)
AB AC AD
the sides of a triangle ABC, then the length of the median
through A is [2013] 21. If C is the mid point of AB and P is any point outside AB,
then [2005]
(a) 18 (b) 72 (c) 33 (d) 45
uuur uuur uuur
r r (a) PA + PB = 2 PC
15. If a and b are non-collinear vectors, then the value of a
r r r uuur uuur uuur
for which the vectors u = (a - 2)a + b and (b) PA + PB = PC
r r r uuur uuur uuur
v = (2 + 3a)a - 3b are collinear is : [Online April 23, 2013] (c) PA + PB + 2 PC = 0
uuur uuur uuur
3 2 3 2 (d) PA + PB + PC = 0
(a) (b) (c) – (d) –
2 3 2 3 22. Let a, b and c be distinct non- negative numbers. If the
® ®
16. If a = i - 2 j + 3k , b = 2i + 3 j - k and vectors ai + aj + ck , i + k and ci + cj + bk lie in a plane,
® ®
c = ri + j + ( 2r - 1) k are three vectors such that c is
then c is [2005]
® ® (a) the Geometric Mean of a and b
parallel to the plane of a and b , then r is equal to
(b) the Arithmetic Mean of a and b
[Online May 19, 2012] (c) equal to ero
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
(d) the Harmonic Mean of a and b

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r r r r r r r r
23. If a, b , c are non-coplanar vectors and l is a real number,, 30. Let the vectors a, b , c be such that | a |= 2, | b |= 4 and
r r r
then the vectors a + 2b + 3c , lb + 4c and (2l - 1)c are | c |= 4. If the proection of b on a is equal to the
r r r r
non coplanar for [2004] proection of c on a and b is perpendicular to c , then
r r r
(a) no value of l the value of | a + b - c | is _______.
(b) all except one value of l [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(c) all except two values of l r r r
31. Let a, b and c be three unit vectors such that
(d) all values of l
r r r r r r r r
r r r | a - b |2 + | a - c |2 = 8. Then | a + 2b |2 + | a + 2c |2 is
24. Let a, b and c be three non-ero vectors such that no two
r r equal to _________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
of these are collinear. If the vector a + 2b is collinear
32. The proection of the line segment oining the points
r
with cr and b + 3cr is collinear with ar (l being some non- (1, –1, 3) and (2, –4, 11) on the line oining the points
r
ero scalar) then ar + 2b + 6cr equals [2004] (–1, 2, 3) and (3, –2, 10) is ______ . [NA Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
r r r
(a) 0 (b) lb (c) lc (d) la 33. Let the volume of a parallelopiped whose coterminous
r r
25. Consider points A, B, C and D with position vectors edges are given by u = i + j + lk, v = i + j + 3k and
7i - 4 j + 7 k, i - 6 j + 10k , - i - 3 j + 4 k an d 5i - j + 5k r
w = 2i + j + k be 1 cu. unit. If q be the angle between the
respectively. Then ABCD is a [2003] r r
edges u and w , then cos q can be: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
(a) parallelogram but not a rhombus
(b) square 7 7 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) rhombus 6 6 6 3 7 3 3
(d) rectangle. r
34. A vector a = a i + 2 j + b k (a, b ÎR) lies in the plane of
r r r
a a2 1 + a3 the vectors, b = i + j and c = i – j + 4 k . If a bisects
26. If b b2 1 + b3 = 0 and vectors (1, a, a 2 ), r r
the angle between b and c , then: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
c c2 1 + c3 r r
(a) a · i + 3 = 0 (b) a · i + 1 = 0
r r
(1, b, b2 ) and (1, c, c 2 ) are non- coplanar, then the product (c) a · k + 2 = 0 (d) a · k + 4 = 0
r r
abc equals [2003] 35. Let a = 2 i + l1 j + 3 k,
b = 4 i + (3 - l ) j + 6 k and
2
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) 1 r
c = 3i + 6 j + (l3 - 1) k be three vectors such that
27. The vectors AB = 3i + 4 k & AC = 5i - 2 j + 4k are the r r r r
b = 2a and a is perpendicular to c Then a possible
sides of a triangle ABC. The length of the median through
A is [2003] value of (l1, l2, l3) is: [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
æ 1 ö
(a) 288 (b) 18 (c) 72 (d) 33 (a) (1, 3, 1) (b) ç - , 4, 0 ÷
è 2 ø
Scalar or Dot Product of two Vectors, æ1 ö
TOPIC n Projection of a Vector Along any (c) ç , 4, - 2 ÷ (d) (1, 5, 1)
è2 ø
other Vector, Component of a Vector
r r
36. Let a = i + j + 2 k, b = b1 i + b 2 j + 2k
® ®
r
28. If a and b are unit vectors, then the greatest value of and c = 5i + j + 2k be three vectors such that the
® ® ® ® r r r
3 | a + b | + | a - b | is ______. [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] proection vector of b on a is a .
r r r
® ® If ar + b is perpendicular to c , then | b | is equal to:
29. If® x ®and ®y be two non-ero vectors such that
® ® ® [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
| x + y | = | x | and 2 x + l y is perpendicular to y , then
the value of l is ______. [NA Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] (a) 32 (b) 6 (c) 22 (d) 4

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M-462 Mathematics
rr r r
r 3 ( p.q ) r
37. In a triangle ABC, right angled at the vertex A, if the position
vectors of A, B and C are respectively
r
(a) r = 3q - r r p
( p .q )
(b) rr = -qr + r r pr
( p.p ) ( p . p)
3i + - k,
-i + 3 + pk and 5i + q - 4k , then the point (p,
r r r r
r r (p.q) r r r 3 (p.q) r
q) lies on a line : [Online April 9, 2016] (c) r = q - r r p (d) r = -3q - r r p
(a) making an obtuse angle with the positive direction of
(p.p) (p .p)
r r
x–axis 44. Let a and b be two unit vectors. If the vector s
(b) parallel to x–axis r r
c = aˆ + 2 bˆ and d = 5 aˆ - 4bˆ are perpendicular to each other,,
(c) parallel to y–axis
(d) making an acute angle with the positive direction of then the angle between â and b̂ is : [2012]
x–axis p p p p
uuur uuur (a) (b) (c) (d)
In a parallelogram ABD, AB = a, AD = b and 6 2 3 4
38.
uuur uuur uuur ® ® ®
AC = c, then DA. AB has the value : 45. If a + b + c = 0, a = 3 , b = 5 and c = 7 , then the
® ®
1 2 1 angle between a and b is [Online May 19, 2012]
(a) (a + b2 + c2) (b) (a2 – b2 + c2)
2 2 p p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1 2 1 2 3 4 6 2
(c) (a + b2 – c2) (d) (b + c2 – a2)
2 3 46. A unit vector which is perpendicular to the vector
39. y and are three unit vectors in three-dimensional
If x,
2i - j + 2k and is coplanar with the vectors i + j - k and
space, then the minimum value of
2 2
x + y + y + + + x
2
[Online April 12, 2014] 2i + 2 j - k is [Online May 12, 2012]
3 2 j + k 3i + 2 j - 2 k
(a) (b) 3 (c) 3 3 (d) 6 (a) (b)
2 5 17
® ® ® ® ® ®
40. If a = 2, b = 3 and 2 a - b = 5 , then 2 a + b equals: 3i + 2 j + 2k 2i + 2 j - 2k
(c) (d)
(a) 17 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 1
47. ABCD is parallelogram. The position vectors of A and C
r
41. If a$ , b$ and c$ are unit vectors satisfying a$ - 3 b$ + c$ = 0 ,
are respectively, 3i + 3 j + 5k and i - 5 j - 5k . If M is the
then the angle between the vectors a$ and c$ is : midpoint of the diagonal DB, then the magnitude of the
[Online April 22, 2013] ® ®
p p p p proection of OM on OC , where O is the origin, is
(a) (b) (c) (d) [Online May 7, 2012]
4 3 6 2
r r r
42. Let a = 2$i - $j + k$ , b = $i + 2 $j - k$ and c = $i + $j - 2k$ be three (a) 7 51 (b)
7
(c) 7 50 (d)
7
r r 50 51
vectors. A vector of the type b + lc for some scalar l,
r r
48. If the vectors a = i - j + 2k , b = 2i + 4 j + k% and
r 2
whose proection on a is of magnitude is : r
3 c = li + j + m k are mutually orthogonal, then (l, m) =
[Online April 9, 2013] (a) (2, –3) (b) (–2, 3) [2010]
(c) (3, –2) (d) (–3, 2)
(a) 2i + j + 5k (b) 2i + 3 j - 3k r r r r
r
49. The non-ero vectors are a , b and c are related by a = 8b
(c) 2i - j + 5k (d) 2i + 3 j + 3k r r
uuur r uuuur r and c = –7b . Then the angle between ar and cr is
43. Let ABCD be a parallelogram such that AB = q , AD = p [2008]
r
and ÐBAD be an acute angle. If r is the vector that p p
coincide with the altitude directed from the vertex B to the (a) 0 (b) (c) (d) p
r 4 2
side AD, then r is given by : [2012]

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50. The values of a, for which points A, B, C with position r

57. If a = 2i + j + 2k, then the value of
vectors 2i - j + k , i - 3 j - 5k and ai - 3 j + k respectively are r r r
| i ´ (a ´ i) |2 + | j ´ (a ´ j ) |2 + | k ´ (a ´ k) |2 is equal to
p
the vertices of a right angled triangle with C = are _______________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
2 r r r
[2006] 58. Let b , b an d c be three vectors such that
(a) 2 and 1 (b) – 2 and – 1 r r r r r
(c) – 2 and 1 (d) 2 and – 1
| a | = 3, | b | = 5, b . c = 10 and the angle between b
51. Let u , v , w be such that | u |= 1,| v |= 2, | w |= 3. If the r p r r r

and c is . If b is perpendicular to the vector b × c ,
proection v along u is equal to that of w along u and 3
r r r
v , w are perpendicular to each other then then | a ´ (b ´ c) | is equal to _____.[NA Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
| u - v + w | equals [2004] r r
59. Let a = i - 2 j + k and b = i - j + k be two vectors. If cr

(a) 14 (b) 7 (c) 14 (d) 2 r r r r
is a vector such that b ´ cr = b ´ ar and c . a = 0, then
r r r r r r
52. a , b , c are 3 vectors, such that a + b + c = 0 , r r
c . b is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
r r r rr rr rr
a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, then a.b + b .c + c .a is equal to
3 1 1
[2003] (a) - (b) (c) - (d) –1
2 2 2
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –7 (d) 7 r r r
r r r 60. Let a , b and c be three unit vectors such
53. If | a |= 5, | b |= 4, | c |= 3 thus what will be the value of r r
that ar + b + cr = 0. if
rr rr rr ® ® ®
| a.b + b .c + c.a | , given that a + b + c = 0 [2002] r r r r r r
l = a × b + b × c + c × a and
(a) 25 (b) 50 (c) –25 (d) –50 r r r r r r r
d = a ´ b + b ´ c + c ´ a , then
® ® ® ® ® ®
If sdaa a , b , c are vectors such that a + b + c = 0 and r
54.
( )
the ordered pair, l, d is equal to: [Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
® ® ® ®
| a |= 7,| b |= 5,| c |= 3 then angle between vector b and
æ 3 r rö æ 3 r rö
®
(a) ç ,3a ´ c ÷ (b) ç - ,3c ´ b ÷
è2 ø è 2 ø
c is [2002]
(a) 60 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 90 æ 3 r rö æ 3 r rö
(c) ç ,3b ´ c ÷ (d) ç - ,3a ´ b ÷
è2 ø è 2 ø
Vector or Cross Product of two r r r
r r
TOPIC Đ
vectors, Area of a Parallelogram & 61. Let a = 3i$ + $ and b = 2i$ – $ + 3k$ . If b = b1 – b2 , where
Triangle, Scalar & Vector Tripple r r
ur ur
Product b1 is parallel to a and b2 is perpendicular to a , then
r r
55. If the volume of a parallelopiped, whose coterminus edges b1 ´b2 is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
r r
are given by the vectors a = i$ + $j + nk$ , b = 2$i + 4 $j - nk$
r (a) –3i$ + 9$ + 5k$ (b) 3i$ – 9$ – 5k$
and c = i$ + n $j + 3k$ ( n ³ 0 ) , is 158 cu.units, then:
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] (c)
1
( –3i$ + 9$ + 5k$ ) (d) ( 3i – 9 + 5k )
1 $ $ $
r r r r 2 2
(a) a . c = 17 (b) b . c = 10
62. The magnitude of the proection of the vector 2$i + 3 $j + k$
(c) n = 7 (d) n = 9
r r r on the vector perpendicular to the plane containing the
56. Let x0 be the point of local maxima of f ( x) = a × (b ´ c), where
r r r vectors $i + $j + k$ and $i + 2 $j + 3k$ , is : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
a = xi - 2 j + 3k, b = -2i + xj - k and c = 7i - 2 j + xk.
r r r r r r
Then the value of a × b + b × c + c × a at x = x0 is : 3 3
(a) (b) 6 (c) 3 6 (d)
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] 2 2
(a) – 4 (b) – 30 (c) 14 (d) – 22

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M-464 Mathematics
r r
63. Let a = 3i + 2 j + xk and b = i – j + k , for some real x. 1 25
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 5
r r 8 8
Then a ´ b = r is possible if : [April 08, 2019 (II)] r
70. If the vector b = 3 $j + 4k$ is written as the sum of a vec-
3 3 3 uur r uur
(a) <r £3 (b) r ³ 5 tor b1 , parallel to a = $i + $j and a vector b2 , perpendicu-
2 2 2
r uur uur
lar to a , then b1 ´ b2 is equal to : [Online April 9, 2017]
3 3 3
(c) 0 < r £ (d) 3 <r<5
2 2 2
(a) -3$i + 3 $j - 9k$
9
(b) 6i$ - 6 $j + k$
r r r 2
64. Let a, b and c be three unit vectors, out of which vectors
r r
b and c are non-parallel. If a and b are the angles which 9
(c) -6 $i + 6 $j - k$ (d) 3 $i - 3 $j + 9k$
r r
vector ar makes with vectors b and c respectively and
2
71. The area (in sq. units) of the parallelogram whose diagonals
r r r 1r
( )
a ´ b ´ c = b , then |a – b| is equal to :
2
are along the vectors 8i - 6 and 3i + 4 - 12k , is :
(a) 30 (b) 90 (c) 60 (d) 45 (a) 26 (b) 65 (c) 20 (d) 52
r r r ® ® ®
65. Let a = i - , b = i + + k and c be a vector such that 72. Let a , b an d c be three unit vectors such that
r r r r rr r
a ´ c + b = 0 and a .c = 4 , then c
2
is equal to: ® æ® ®ö 3 æ ® ®ö ® ®
a ´ çç b ´ c ÷÷ = çç b + c ÷÷ . If b is not parallel to c , then
[Jan 09, 2019]
è ø 2 è ø
19 17
(a) (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) ® ®
2 2 the angle between a and b is: [2016]
66. If the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C of a
2p 5p 3p p
DABC are respectively 4i + 7 j + 8k, 2i + 3 j + 4k and (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 4 2
® ® ®
2i + 5 j + 7k , then the position vector of the point, where 73. Let a , b and c be three non-ero vectors such that no two
the bisector of ÐA meets BC is [Online April 15, 2018] ® ® ® 1® ®®
of them are collinear and (a ´ b) ´ c = b c a . If q is the
1 1 3
(a) (4i + 8 j + 11k) (b) (6i + 13 j + 18k) ® ®
2 3 angle between vectors b and c , then a value of sin q is :
1 1
(c) (8i + 14 j + 9k) (d) (6i + 11 j + 15k) [2015]
4 3
r r r 2 -2 3 2 2 - 2
67. Let a = i + j + k, c = j – k and a vector b be such that (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
r r r r r r
a ´ b = c and a × b = 3. Then | b | equals? ® ® ® ®
[Online April 16, 2018] 74. Let a and b be two unit vectors such that a + b = 3 .
( )
11 11 11 11 ® ® ® ® ®
(a) (b) (c) (d) ®
3 3 3 3 If c = a + 2 b + 3 a ´ b , then 2 c is equal to :
r r r [Online April 10, 2015]
68. If a, b , and c are unit vectors such that
r r r r r r (a) 55 (b) 37 (c) 51 (d) 43
a + 2b + 2c = 0, then a ´ c is equal to r r r r r r rrr 2
[Online April 15, 2018] 75. If éë a ´ b b ´ c c ´ a ùû = l éë a b c ùû then l is equal to
1 15 15 15
[2014]
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
4 4 16 16 ® ® ®
r r r 76. If x = 3i - 6 - k , y = i + 4 - 3k and = 3i - 4 - 12k ,
69. Let a = 2i + - 2k and b = i + . Let c be a vector such
r r r ® ® ®
r r
( )
that | c - a | = 3, a ´ b ´ c = 3 and the angle between rc then the magnitude of the proection of x ´ y on is:
r r rr [Online April 19, 2014]
and a ´ b be 30 . Then a.c is equal to : [2017] (a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 14 (d) 13

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® r r r r
® ®
( )
2 84. The vectors a and b are not perpendicular and c and d
77. If c = 60 and c ´ i + 2 + 5k = 0 , then a value of r r r r rr
® are two vectors satisfying b ´ c = b ´ d and a.d = 0 .
(
c . -7i + 2 + 3k is: ) [Online April 11, 2014] r
Then the vector d is equal to [2011]
(a) 4 2 (b) 12 (c) 24 (d) 12 2 r
r r r
rr
r æ a.c ö r r æ b .cr ö r
78. Let a = 2i + j - 2k, b = i + j. If c is a vector such that (a) c + èç r r ø÷ b (b) b + ç r r ÷ c
a.b è a.b ø
r r uur r r
a · c = | c | , | c - a | = 2 2 and the angle between r
r r r r r r
rr
r æ a.c ö r r æ b .cr ö r
a ´ b and c is 30 , then | (a ´ b ) ´ c | equals: (c) c - èç r r ø÷ b (d) b - ç r r ÷ c
a.b è a.b ø
1 3 3 3 85.
r
If a =
1
( ) r 1
( )
3i + k and b = 2i + 3 j - 6k , then the
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d)

2 2 2 10 7
rr rr rr r r r
79. ( ) ( ) (
The vector $i ´ a.b $i + $j ´ a.b $j + k$ ´ a.b k$ is equal to : ) ( r
)(
r
) (
r
value of 2a - b éë a ´ b ´ a + 2b ùû is ) [2011]
[Online April 9, 2013] (a) –3 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) –5
r r r r r r r
(a) b ´ a (c) a ´ b r r
(b) a (d) b 86. Let a = j - k and c = i - j - k . Then the vector b
® ® ®
r r r r r r
80. Statement 1: The vectors a , b and c lie in the same satisfying a ´ b + c = 0 and a. b = 3 is [2010]
® æ ® ®ö
plane if and only if a . ç b ´ c ÷ = 0 (a) 2i - j + 2k (b) i - j - 2k
è ø
®
(c) i + j - 2k (d) -i + j - 2k
®
Statement 2: The vectors u and v are perpendicular if r r r
87. If u, v, w are non-coplanar vectors and p, q are real
® ® ® ®
and only if u . v = 0 where u ´ v is a vector perpendicular numbers, then the equality
r r r rr r r r r
® ® [3u pv pw] - [ pv w qu ] - [2w qv qu ] = 0
to the plane of u and v . [Online May 26, 2012] holds for : [2009]
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (a) exactly two values of (p, q)
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is (b) more than two but not all values of (p, q)
correct explanation for Statement 1.
(c) all values of (p, q)
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
(d) exactly one value of (p, q)
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is r
r
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. 88. Let a = i + j + k, b = i - j + 2k and
® ® ®
If u = j + 4k , v = i + 3k and w = cos qi + sin qj are r r
81. c = xi + ( x - 2) j - k . If the vector c lies in the plane of
vectors in 3-dimensional space, then the maximum possible r r
® ® ® a and b , then x equals [2007]
value of u ´ v . w is [Online May 12, 2012]
(a) – 4 (b) – 2 (c) 0 (d) 1.
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 14 (d) 7
89. If u and v are unit vectors and q is the acute angle
82. Statement 1: If the points (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 2) and
(2, 2, z) and (1, 1, 1) are coplanar, then z = 2. between them, then 2 u ×3 v is a unit vector for [2007]
Statement 2: If the 4 points P, Q, R and S are coplanar, (a) no value of q
then the volume of the tetrahedron PQRS is 0. (b) exactly one value of q
(c) exactly two values of q
(a) Statement 1 is false,, Statement 2 is true.
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. (d) more than two values of q
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is 90. If ( a ´ b ) ´ c = a ´ (b ´ c ) where a , b and c are any three
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is vectors such that a .b ¹ 0 , b . c ¹ 0 then a and c are
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. [2006]
® ® p
83. If a = i - 2 j + 3k , b = 2i + 3 j - k and (a) inclined at an angle of between them
3
®
p
c = li + j + ( 2l - 1) k are coplanar vectors, then l is (b) inclined at an angle of between them
equal to [Online May 7, 2012] 6
(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) 1 (c) perpendicular
(d) parallel

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M-466 Mathematics
uur uur ®
91. Let a = i - k , b = x i + j + (1 – x) k and ® Ù Ù ® Ù Ù
uur uur uur uur
99. a = 3 i - 5 j and b = 6 i + 3 j are two vectors and c is a
c = y i + x j + (1 + x – y) k . Then [a , b , c ] depends on ® ® ® ® ® ®
[2005] vector such that c = a ´ b then | a |:| b |:| c | [2002]
(a) only y (b) only x
(c) both x and y (d) neither x nor y (a) 34 : 45 : 39 (b) 34 : 45 : 39
uur uur uur
92. If a , b , c are non coplanar vectors and l is a real number (c) 34 : 39 : 45 (d) 39 : 35 : 34
then [2005] r r
uur uur 2 uur uur uur uur uur uur 100. If the vectors c , a = xi + yj + zk and b = j are such that
[l (a + b ) l b l c ] = [ a b + c b ] for r r r r
a, c and b form a right handed system then c is:[2002]
(a) exactly one value of l r
(b) no value of l (a) zi - xk (b) 0
(c) exactly three values of l (c) yj (d) - zi + xk

(d) exactly two values of l
® ® ® ®®®
93. For any vector a , the value of 101. If a , b , c are vectors such that [ a b c ] = 4 then
ur ur ur ® ®® ® ® ®
(a ´ i)2 + (a ´ j ) 2 + (a ´ k)2 is equal to[2005] [a´ b b´ c c´ a]= [2002]
ur 2 ur 2 ur 2 ur 2 (a) 16 (b) 64 (c) 4 (d) 8
(a) 3a (b) a (c) 2a (d) 4a r r r r
102. If | a |= 4,| b |= 2 and the angle between a and b is p /6
94. Let a , b an d c be non-ero vectors such that
r r
then (a ´ b )2 is equal to [2002]
1
(a ´ b ) ´ c = | b || c | a . If q is the acute angle between (a) 48 (b) 16
3
®
the vectors b and c , then sinq equals [2004] (c) a (d) None of these
2 2 2 2 1 Scalar Product of Four Vectors,

(a) (b) (c) (d) TOPIC Ė Reciprocal System of Vector,
3 3 3 3
Application of Vectors in Mechanics
r r r
95. If u , v and w are three non- coplanar vectors, then
r r r r r r r 103. A particle ust clears a wall of height b at a distance a and
(u + v - w).(u - v ) ´ (v - w) equals [2003] strikes the ground at a distance c from the point of
rr r proection. The angle of proection is [2007]
(a) 3u .v ´ w (b) 0
r r r rr r
(c) u .(v ´ w) (d) u.w ´ v . (a) tan -1
bc
(b) tan -1
bc
96. A tetrahedron has vertices at O(0, 0, 0), A(1, 2, 1) B(2, 1, 3) a(c - a) a
and C(-1, 1, 2). Then the angle between the faces OAB and
ABC will be b
[2003] (c) tan -1 (d) 45 .
-1 æ 19 ö
ac
(a) 90 o (b) cos ç ÷
è 35 ø 104. A body weighing 13 kg is suspended by two strings 5m
and 12m long, their other ends being fastened to the
(c) cos -1æç
17 ö
÷ (d) 30 o extremities of a rod 13m long. If the rod be so held that the
è 31 ø
body hangs immediately below the middle point, then
r r r tensions in the strings are [2007]
97. Let u = i + j, v = i - j and w = i + 2 j + 3k . If n is a unit
r r r (a) 5 kg and 12 kg (b) 5 kg and 13 kg
vector such that u.n = 0 and v .n = 0 , then w. n is equal (c) 12 kg and 13 kg (d) 5 kg and 5 kg
to [2003] 105. The resultant of two forces Pn and 3n is a force of 7n. If the
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2. direction of 3n force were reversed, the resultant would be
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® ® 19 n. The value of P is [2007]
98. If a ´ b = b ´ c = c ´ a then a + b + c = [2002]
(a) 3 n (b) 4 n (c) 5 n (d) 6 n.
(a) abc (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2

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106. A body falling from rest under gravity passes a certain 113. A paticle moves towards east from a point A to a point B at
point P. It was at a distance of 400 m from P, 4s prior to the rate of 4 km/h and then towards north from B to C at
passing through P. If g = 10m / s 2 , then the height above the rate of 5km/hr. If AB = 12 km and BC = 5 km, then its
average speed for its ourney from A to C and resultant
the point P from where the body began to fall is [2006] average velocity direct from A to C are respectively [2004]
(a) 720 m (b) 900 m (c) 320 m (d) 680 m
107. A particle has two velocities of equal magnitude inclined 13 17
(a) km / h and km / h
to each other at an angle q . If one of them is halved, the 9 9
angle between the other and the original resultant velocity 13 17
is bisected by the new resultant. Then q is [2006] (b) km / h and km / h
4 4
(a) 90 (b) 120 (c) 45 (d) 60
108. The resultant R of two forces acting on a particle is at right 17 13
(c) km / h and km / h
angles to one of them and its magnitude is one third of the 9 9

other force. The ratio of larger force to smaller one is:
17 13
[2005] (d) km / h and km / h
4 4
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 2 2 r r
114. Three forces P, Q and R acting along IA, IB and IC, where
109. A and B are two like parallel forces. A couple of moment H
lies in the plane of A and B and is contained with them. The I is the incentre of a DABC are in equilibrium. Then
resultant of A and B after combining is displaced through r r r
P : Q : R is [2004]
a distance [2005]
A B C
2H H (a) cos ec : cos ec : cos ec
(a) (b) 2 2 2
A-B A+ B
A B C
H H (b) sin : sin : sin
(c) (d) 2 2 2
2( A + B ) A-B
110. A particle is proected from a point O with velocity u at an A B C
angle of 60 with the horiontal. When it is moving in a (c) sec : sec : sec
2 2 2
direction at right angles to its direction at O, its velocity
then is given by [2005] A B C
(d) cos : cos : cos
u u 2u u 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 3 3 115. In a right angle DABC , ÐA = 90° and sides a, b, c are
r
111. If t1 and t2 are the times of flight of two particles having respectively, 5 cm, 4 cm and 3 cm. If a force F has moments
the same initial velocity u and range R on the horiontal , 0, 9 and 16 in N cm. units respectively about vertices A, B
r
then t12 + t22 is equal to [2004] and C, then magnitude of F is [2004]
(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3
(a) 1 (b) 4u 2 / g 2 116. With two forces acting at point, the maximum affect is
obtained when their resultant is 4N. If they act at right
(c) u 2 / 2g (d) u 2 / g angles, then their resultant is 3N. Then the forces are
[2004]
1
112. A velocity m / s is resolved into two components along æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
4 (a) çè 2 + 3 ÷ N and ç 2 - 3÷ N
2 ø è 2 ø
OA and OB making angles 30 and 45 respectively with
the given velocity. Then the component along OB is (b) ( 2 + 3 ) N and ( 2 - 3 ) N
[2004]
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
1
( 6 - 2 )m / s
1 (c) çè 2 + 2 ÷ N and ç 2 - 2÷ N
(a) (b) ( 3 - 1) m / s 2 ø è 2 ø
8 4
1 1 (d) ( 2 + 2 ) N and ( 2 - 2 ) N
(c) m/s (d) m/s
4 8

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M-468 Mathematics
r r r r
117. A particle is acted upon by constant forces 4i + j - 3k 122. The resultant of forces P and Q is R . If Q is
r r
and 3i + j - k which displace it from a point i + 2 j + 3k doubled then R is doubled. If the direction of Q is
r
to the point 5i + 4 j + k . The work done in standard units reversed,then R is again doubled. Then P 2 : Q 2 : R 2 is
by the forces is given by [2004] [2003]
(a) 15 (b) 30 (c) 25 (d) 40 (a) 2 : 3 : 1 (b) 3 : 1 : 1 (c) 2 : 3 : 2 (d) 1 : 2 : 3.
r
123. A couple is of moment G and the force forming the couple
118. Let R1 and R2 respectively be the maximum ranges up r r
and down an inclined plane and R be the maximum range is P . If P is turned through a right angle the moment of
r r
on the horiontal plane. Then R1, R , R2 are in [2003] the couple thus formed is H . If instead , the force P are
(a) H.P (b) A.G..P (c) A.P (d) G..P. turned through an angle a , then the moment of couple
becomes [2003]
119. Two particles start simultaneously from the same point r r r r

and move along two straight lines, one with uniform (a) H sin a - G cos a (b) G sin a - H cos a
r r r r r
velocity u and the other from rest with uniform acceleration (c) H sin a + G cos a (d) G sin a + H cos a .
r
f . Let a be the angle between their directions of
124. A particle acted on by constant forces 4i + j - 3k and
motion. The relative velocity of the second particle w.r.t.
the first is least after a time [2003] 3i + j - k is displaced from the point i + 2 - 3k to the
u sin a f cos a
(a) u cos a (b) (c) (d) u sin a point 5i + 4 + k . The total work done by the forces is
f f u
120. Two stones are proected from the top of a cliff h metres [2003]
high , with the same speed u, so as to hit the ground at (a) 50 units (b) 20 units
the same spot. If one of the stones is proected (c) 30 units (d) 40 units.
horiontally and the other is proected horiontally and 125. A bead of weight w can slide on smooth circular wire in a
the other is proected at an angle q to the horiontal vertical plane. The bead is attached by a light thread to the
highest point of the wire and in equilibrium, the thread is
then tan q equals [2003]
taut and make an angle q with the vertical then tension of
2 2u u u the thread and reaction of the wire on the bead are
(a) u gh (b) gh (c) 2 g (d) 2 h g (a) T = w cos q R = w tan q [2002]
h
121. A body travels a distance s in t seconds. It starts from rest (b) T = 2w cos q R = w
and ends at rest. In the first part of the ourney, it moves (c) T = w R = w sin q
with constant acceleration f and in the second part with
(d) T = w sin q R = wcot q
constant retardation r. The value of t is given by [2003]
126. The sum of two forces is 18 N and resultant whose direction
æ 1 1ö æ 1 1ö is at right angles to the smaller force is 12 N. The magnitude
(a) 2sçç + ÷÷ (b) 2 sçç + ÷÷
è f rø è f rø
of the two forces are [2002]
(a) 13, 5 (b) 12, 6 (c) 14, 4 (d) 11, 7
2s
(c) (d) 2s( f + r )
1 1
+
f r

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æ 2p ö æ 4p ö 6 + 14l 18l 2
1. (a) a cos q = b cos ç q + ÷ = c cos ç q + ÷ = k Þ - =6
è 3ø è 3ø l + 1 (l + 1) 2
k k k 8l 18l 2
a= ,b= ,c= Þ 6+ - =6
cos q æ 2p ö æ 4p ö l + 1 (l + 1) 2
cos ç q + ÷ cos ç q + ÷
è 3ø è 3ø l
Let =t
l +1
é æ 4p ö æ 2p ö ù
êcos çè q + 3 ÷ø + cos q + cos çè q + 3 ÷ø ú Þ 18t 2 - 8t = 0 Þ 2t (9t - 4) = 0
ab + bc + ca = k 2 ë û
æ 4p ö æ 2p ö 4
cos ç q + ÷ × cos q × cos ç q + ÷ Þ t = 0,
è 3ø è 3ø 9
l 4 4
\ = Þ l = = 0.8.
é æ pö ù l +1 9 5
ê cos q + 2 cos(q + p ) × cos çè 3 ÷ø ú
=k ê 2
ú a +1 a a
ê æ 2p ö æ 4p ö ú
êë cos q × cos çè q + ÷ × cos çè q + ÷ a a +1 a =0
3ø 3 ø úû 3. (1.0)
a a a +1
é 1 ù 1
ê cos q - 2 cos q × ú Þ 3a + 1 = 0 Þ a = -
= k2 ê 2 ú=0 3
ê æ 2p ö æ 4p ö ú The given vectors
êë cos q × cos çè q + ÷ × cos çè q + ÷
3ø 3 ø úû r 2 1 1 1
p = $i - $j - k$ = (2$i - $j - k$ )
3 3 3 3
(ai + bj + ck) × (bi + cj + ak)
cos f = r 1
q = (-$i + 2 $j - k$ )
a 2 + b2 + c 2 × b2 + c 2 + a 2 3
= ab + bc + ca = 0 r 1
r = (-$i - $j + 2k$ )
p 3
f=
2 rr 1 1
2. (0.8) Now, p.q = (-2 - 2 + 1) = -
r 9 3
Let position vector of A and B be ar and b respectively..
i j k
r
uuur lb + ar r r 1
r ´ q = -1 2 -1
\ Position vector of P is OP = 9
l +1 -1 -1 2
l:1
1
P = (i (4 - 1) - j (-2 - 1) + k (1 + 2))
A B 9
(1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 3)
uuur uuur uuur uuur 1 i+ j+k
= (3i + 3 j + 3k ) =
Given OB × OP - 3 | OA ´ OP |2 = 6 9 3
r r r2
r æ lb + ar ö r lb + a
Þ b×ç -3 a´ =6 r r 1 r r2 1
r ´q = 3 Þ r ´q =
è l + 1 ÷ø l +1 3 3
r r r rr r r2
a × b + l | b |2 3l 2 r r 3( p.q )2 - l r ´ q = 0
Þ - | a ´ b |2 = 6
l +1 (l + 1) 2
1 1
r r r r Þ 3. - l. = 0 Þ l = 1
(Q a ´ b = 2i - j - k and a × b = 6) 9 3

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r r r r For l = l1, volume of parallelopiped is ero.

4. (b) Let vector be l[(a + b ) ´ (a - b )]
r \ vectors are coplanar.
Given, a = 3i +2 j + 2k and b = i + 2 j - 2k ur ur r
6. (b) Let, three vectors a, b, c are coplanar,,
r r r r
\ a + b = 4i + 4 j and a - b = 2i + 4k r r r
then [a , b , c ] = 0
\ vector = l[(4i + 4 j ) ´ (2i + 4k)]
a 1 3
= l[16i - 16 j - 8k] = 8l[2i - 2 j - k] 2 1 -a
Þ = 0 Þ a2 + 6 = 0
Given that magnitude of the vector is 12. a -2 3
1
\ 12 = 8 | l | 4 + 4 +1 Þ | l | = 2 Q no real value of ‘a’ exist.
\ set S is an empty set.
\ required vector is ±4 (2i - 2 j - k) 7. (d) Let cos a, cos b, cos g be direction cosines of a.
5. (b) Volume of the parallelepiped is, p p
\ cos a = cos , cos b = cos and cosg = cosq
1 l 1 3 4
0 1 l p p 1
V= = | 1(1) + l(l2) + 1 (– l) | Þ cos 2 + cos2 + cos 2 q = 1 Þ cos 2 q =
l 0 1 3 4 4
1 p 2p
= | l3 – l + 1 | Þ cos q = ± Þ q = or
2 3 3
Let f (x) = x3 – x + 1
On differentiating, f ‘ (x) = 3x2 – 1 8. (a) Q Three vectors (mi + j + k),(i + m j + k and
Now, f ‘ (x) = 0
(i + j + mk) are copalnar..
1
Þx=± m 1 1
3
1 m 1
and f “ (x) = 6x \ =0
1 1 m
æ 1 ö
Since, f “ ç ÷ >0 Þ m(m2 – 1) + 1 – m + 1 – m = 0
è 3ø
Þ (1 – m)[2 – m(m + 1)] = 0
1
\ x= is point of local minima. Þ (1 – m) [m2 + m – 2] = 0
3 Þ m = 1, –2
Therefore, sum of all real values = 1 – 2 = –1
y y = x3 – x + 1 9. (d) Q a , b and c are coplanar
1 2 4
1 l 4
O
x \ =0
1 1 2 4 (l 2 - 1)
x=– x=
3 3 Þ l3 – l – 16 + 2(8 – l2 + 1) + 4(4 – 2l) = 0
Þ l3 – 2l2 – 9l + 18 = 0
i.e., (l – 2) (l – 3) (l + 3) = 0
For l = 2, cr = 2i + 4 j + 3k
V
V = | l 3 – l + 1|
i j k
l \ r r 1 2 4 = -10i + 5 j
l = l1 ać =
1 1 2 4 3
l=– l=
3 3
For l = 3 or –3, c = 2a Þ a ´ c = 0 (Reected)

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ur r
10. (d) Since, the angle bisector of acute angle between OA ur 2C + r
G=
and OB would be y = x 3
ur ur r
3G = 2C + r
r r r
r ur ur r r r æ a +b + c ö
r = 3G - 2C = (a + b + c) – 2çç ÷÷
è 4 ø
r r r
a+b+c
=
2
2 1
O C
G
R C
3
Since, the distance of C from bisector =
2 P
b – (1– b) 3 14. (c) We have,
Þ = = 2b = ±3 + 1 uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur
2 2 AB + BC + CA = 0 Þ BC = AC - AB
b = 2 or b = –1 Let M be mid-point of BC
uuur uuur uuur
uuuur AC - AB æ uuuur BC ö
Hence, the sum of all possible value of b = 2 + (–1) = 1 Now, BM = Q BM =
r ç 2 ÷ø
r 2 è
11. (a) Let a and b are collinear for same k
r A
r
i.e., a = k b
r r
(l - 2) ar + b = k((4l - 2) ar + 3 b )
r r
(l – 2) ar + b = k(4l – 2) ar + 3kb
r
(l - 2 - k(4l - 2)) ar + b (1- 3k) = 0 C
r B M
But ar and b are non-collinear, then Also, we have
uuur uuuur uuuur
l – 2 – k(4l – 2) = 0, 1 – 3k = 0 AB + BM + MA = 0
uuur uuur
uuur AC - AB uuuur
Þ k=
1 1
and l – 2 – (4l – 2) = 0 Þ AB + = AM
3 3 2
uuur uuur
uuuur AB + AC
3l – 6 – 4l + 2 = 0 Þ 1 AM = = 4i - j + 4k
l=-4 uuuur
2
r r r Þ AM = 33
12. (d) Q u, a & b are coplanar
r r r r r r r r r ® ® ® ®
\ u = l(a´ b) ´ a = l{a 2 .b - (a .b)a} 15. (b) Since, u and v are collinear, therefore k u + v = 0
® ®
= l{-4i + 8 + 16k}
= l'{- i+ 2 + 4k}.
Þ[k(a – 2) + 2 + 3a] a + (k – 3) b = 0 ...(i)
rr
Also, u.b = 24 Þ l' = 4 ® ®
Since a and b are non-collinear, then for some constant
r
\ u = -4i + 8 + 16k m and n,
r2 ® ®
Þ u = 336 m a + n b = 0 Þ m = 0, n = 0
r r r Hence from equation (i)
ur a+b+c k–3=0 Þ k=3
13. (c) Position vector of centriod G =
3 And k(a – 2) + 2 + 3a = 0
r r r Þ 3(a – 2) + 2 + 3a = 0 Þ a =
2
ur a + b + c 3
Position vector of circum centre C =
4

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r r æ 1 ö
16. (c) Let a = i - 2 j + 3k, and c = ri + j + (2r - 1)k æ 1 ö
çè ÷ i and çè ÷ j
r AB ø AC ø
Since, cr is parallel to the plane of ar and b therefore,
r r r æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
\ Their resultant along AD = ç i+
è AB ÷ø çè AC ÷ø
a , b and c are coplanar.. j
1 -2 3 \ Magnitude of resultant is
\ 2 3 -1 = 0 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
2 2 AC 2 + AB 2
= ç +ç =
r 1 2r - 1 è AB ø÷ è AC ÷ø AB 2 + AC 2
Þ 1 (6r – 3 + 1) + 2 (4r – 2 + r) + 3 (2 – 3r) = 0 [Q AC 2 + AB 2 = BC 2 ]
Þ 6r – 2 + 10r – 4 + 6 – 9r = 0
BC
Þr=0 =
AB. AC
17. (c) As per question

r r r C
a + 3b = l c ....(i)
r r r
b + 2c = μa ....(ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii)
r r ^
(1 + 3μ ) a - (λ + 6) c = 0 1 D
r r AC
As a and c are non collinear,,
\ 1 + 3μ = 0 and l + 6 = 0 q
r r r r q
A B
From (i), a + 3b + 6c = 0 1 ^
18. (d) The given vectors are coplanar then i
AB
p 1 1 Q DABC ~ DDBA
1 q 1 =0 BC AC BC 1
Þ = Þ =
1 1 r AB AD AB ´ AC AD
1
Þ p ( qr - 1) + 1(1 - r ) + 1(1 - q) = 0 \ The required magnitude of resultant becomes .
AD
Þ pqr - p + 1 - r + 1 – q = 0 uuur uuur uuur uuur
21. (a) PA + AP = 0 and PC + CP = 0
Þ pqr - ( p + q + r ) = -2 uuuur uuuur uuuur
r r r Þ PA + AC + CP = 0 .... (i)
19. (d) Q a lies in the plane of b and c uuuur uuuur uuuur
r Similarly, PB + BC + CP = 0 .... (ii)
\ ar = b + lcr Adding eqn. (i) and (ii), we get
uuuur uuuur uuuur uuuur uuur
Þ ai + 2 j + bk = i + j + l ( j + k) PA + PB + AC + BC + 2CP = 0.
uuuur uuuur uuuur uuuur
Þ a = 1, 2 = 1+ l, b = l Since AC = - BC & CP = - PC
Þ a = 1, b = 1 uuuur uuuur uuuur
Þ PA + PB - 2PC = 0.
r r r P
Q a bisects the angle between b and c .
r
\ a = l (b + c)
l (i + 2 + k)

Þ ai + 2 + bk =
2
A C B
l l r r r r r r r r
Þa= , l = 2 , b= 22. (a) Vector ai + aj + ck , i + k and ci + cj + bk are
2 2
coplanar
Þ a=b=1
20. (d) If we consider unit vectors i and j in the direction a a c
1 1 1 0 1 = 0 Þ c 2 = ab Þ c = ab
AB and AC respectively and its magnitude and c c b
AB AC
respectively, then as per quesiton, forces along AB and
AC respectively are \ c is G.M. of a and b.

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r r r r r r 27. (d)
23. (c) If vectors a + 2b + 3c , lb + 4c , and (2l - 1)c are A
1 2 3
3i + 4 k
coplanar then 0 l 4 =0 5i – 2j + 4k
0 0 2l - 1
1 B D C
Þ l(2l - 1) = 0 Þ l = 0 or Given that AD is median of DABC.
2
uuur (3 + 5)i + (0 - 2) j + (4 + 4)k
1 \ AD = = 4i - j + 4k
\ Forces are noncoplanar for all l, except l = 0, 2
2 uuur
r r r r r AD = 16 + 16 + 1 = 33
24. (c) Given that a + 2b is collinear with c and b + 3c is
r 28. (4)
collinear with a r r
r r r r r r Let angle between a and b be q.
Let a + 2b = tc and b + 3c = s a, where t and s are scalars
r r r r r r q
r | a + b |= 1 + 1 + 2cos q = 2 cos [Q| a |=| b |= 1]
\ a + 2b + 6c = tc + 6c 2
r r r r
= (t + 6)c [using a + 2b = tc ] r r q
r Similarly, | a - b |= 2 sin
= lc , where l = t + 6 2
25. (none) Given that r r r r é q qù
A = (7,-4,7), B = (1,-6,10), C = (-1, - 3, 4) So, 3 | a + b | + | a - b |= 2 ê 3 cos + sin ú
ë 2 2û
and D = (5, –1, 5)
Q Maximum value of (a cos q + b sin q) = a + b
2 2
\ AB = (7 - 1) 2 + (-4 + 6) 2 + (7 - 10) 2
= 36 + 4 + 9 = 7 \ Maximum value = 2 ( 3)2 + (1)2 = 4.
Similarly, BC = 7, CD = 41, DA = 17 29. (1.00)
r r r
\ None of the options is satisfied. Q| x + y | = | x |
Squaring both sides we get
a a 2 1 + a3 r rr r r
| x |2 + 2 x. y + | y |2 = | x |2
26. (c) Given b b2 1 + b3 = 0
rr r r
Þ 2 x. y + y × y = 0 ...(i)
c c2 1 + c3 r r r
Also 2x + ly and y are perpendicular
a a2 1 a a2 a3 r r r r
\ 2 x × y + ly × y = 0 ...(ii)
Þ b b 2 1 + b b2 b3 = 0 Comparing (i) and (ii), l = 1
c c 2
1 c c 2
c 3 30. (6.00)
r r r r
Q Proection of b on a = Proection of c on a
1 a a2 r r r r
\ a ×b = a × c
r r
Þ (1 + abc) 1 b b2 = 0 Given, b × c = 0
r r r r r r r r r r r r
1 c c2 Q | a + b - c |2 = | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 + 2a × b - 2b × c - 2a × c
Given that (1, a, a2), (1, b, b2) and (1, c, c2) are non-coplanar = 4 + 16 + 16 = 36.
r r r2
Þ |a +b -c | = 6
1 a a2
31. (2)
\ 1 b b 2 ¹ 0 ( given condition) r r r
| a |=| b |=| c |= 1
1 c c2 r r r r
| a - b |2 + | a - c |2 = 8
\ 1 + abc = 0 Þ abc = -1

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r r r r
Þ a × b + a × c = -2 r m
r a= (3i$ + 3 $j - $i + $j - 4k$ )
r r r 3 2
Now, | a + 2b |2 + | a + 2c |2
r r r r r r r m
= 2 | a |2 +4 | b |2 +4 | c |2 +4(a × b + a × c ) = 2 = (2$i + 4 $j - 4k$ )
3 2
32. (8) Let P(1, – 1, 3), Q(2, – 4, 11), R(–1, 2, 3)
r
and S(3, –2, 10) Compare with a = a$i + 2 $j + bk$
uuur
Then, PQ = i$ - 3 $j + 8k$ 4m 3 2
uuur =2 Þ m=
uuur 3 2 2
Proection of PQ on RS
r
uuur uuur a = $i + 2 $j - 2k$
PQ.RS 4 + 12 + 56
= uuur = =8 r r
( )
RS (4)2 + (4)2 + (7)2 \ a . k + 2 = $i + 2 $j – 2 k$ × k$ + 2

r r = –2 + 2 = 0
33. (b) It is given that u = $i + $j + l k$ , v = i$ + $j + 3k$ and r r
35. (b) Q b = 2a
w = 2i$ + $j + k$
r r r \ 4 i + (3 – l2) j + 6 k = 4 i + 2l1 j + 6 k
Volume of parallelopiped = [u . v . w] \ 3 – l2 = 2l1 ...(1)
r r
1 1 l Q a is perpendicular to c
Þ ±1 = 1 1 3 Þ -l + 3 =±1 Þ l = 2 or l = 4 r r
\ a×c = 0
2 1 1 Þ 6 + 6l1 + 3(l3 –1) = 0
For l = 2 Þ 2 + 2l1 + l3 – 1 = 0
2 +1+ 2 5 Þ l3 = –2l1 – 1 ...(2)
cos q = =
6 6 6 æ -1 ö
For l = 4 Since çè , 4,0÷ø satisfies equation (1) and (2). Hence, one
2
2 +1+ 4 7 of possible value of
cos q = =
6 18 6 3
1
r r l1 = - , l2 = 4 and l3 = 0
34. (c) Angle bisector between b and c can be 2
r r r r
a = l(b$ + c$ ) or a = m(b$ - c$ ) r b × a b1 + b2 + 2
36. (b) Proection of b on ar = r =
|a| 4
r æ $i + $j $i - $j + 4k$ ö
If a = l ç + ÷
ç 2 3 2 ÷ø b1 + b2 + 2
è According to question = 1+1+ 2 = 2
2
l $ $ $ $ Þ b1 + b2 = 2
= [3i + 3 j + i - j + 4 k$ ] ...(1)
r
3 2 Since, a + b is perpendicular to cr .
r
r
=
l
[4$i + 2 $j + 4k$ ] Hence, ar × cr + b × cr = 0
3 2 Þ 8 + 5b1 + b2 + 2 = 0 ...(2)
r
Compare with a = a$i + 2 $j + bk$ From (1) and (2),
b1 = –3, b2 = 5
2l r
=2 Þ l=3 2 Þ b = -3 × i + 5 j + 2k
3 2
r
r
a = 4$i + 2 $j + 4k$ | b | = 9 + 25 + 2 = 6
Not satisfy any option 37. (d) AB = -4$i + 2 $j + ( p + 1)k$
r æ $i + $j $i - $j + 4k$ ö
Now consider a = m ç - ÷ AC = 2$i + (q - 1) $j – 3k$
ç 2 3 2 ÷ø
è
AB ^ AC

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Þ AB. AC = 0 p
Þq=
2
C r r
| 2a + b | = 16 + 9 + 24 cos q = 25 = 5
41. (b) Let angle between a and c be q.
®
Now, a – 3 b + c = 0
Þ (a + c) = 3 b
Þ (a + c) . (a + c) = 3(b .b)
A B
Þ a.a + a .c + c.a + c.c = 3 ´ 1
Þ 1 + 2 cos q + 1 = 3
– 8 + 2 (q – 1) – 3 (p + 1) = 0
3p – 2q + 13 = 0 1 p
(p, q) lies on 3x – 2y + 13 = 0 Þ cos q = Þq=
2 3
3 ® ® ®
slope = 42. (b) Let d = b + l c
2
r
\ Acute angle with x-axis \ d = i + 2 j - k + l(i + j - 2k)
uuur uuur uuur
38. (c) Let AB = a, AD = b and AC = c = (1 + l) i + (2 + l) j - (1 + 2l) k
uuur uuur uuur ® ® ®
We have AB + AD = AC If q be the angle between d and a , then proection of d
D ® ® ®
C or ( b + l c ) on a
b c
®
æ ®® ö
®
® ®
ç d .a ÷ d .a
= | d | cos q = | d | ç ® ® ÷ = ®
A B ç| d || a |÷
a è ø |a|
On squaring both the side, we get 2(l + 1) - (l + 2) - (2l + 1) -l - 1
uuur 2 uuur 2 uuur uuur uuur = =
AB + AD + 2 AB . AD = | AC |2 4 +1+1 6
uuur uuur ® ® 2
Þ a2 + b2 + 2 AB . ( - DA) = c2 But proection of d on a =
uuur uuur 3
Þ 2 AB . DA = a2 + b2 – c2
\ - l + 1 = 2 Þ l + 2l + 1 = 2
2
uuur uuur 1 6 3 6 3
Þ DA.AB = (a2 + b2 – c2 )
2 Þ l2 + 2l – 3 = 0 Þ l2 + 3l – l – 3 = 0
Þ l(l+ 3) – 1(l+ 3) = 0, Þ l = 1, – 3
39. (b) ( x + y + z)2 ³ 0
® ®
Þ 3 + 2 S x. y ³ 0 when l = 1, then b + l c = 2 i + 3 j - 3k
® ®
Þ 2 S x. y ³ -3 when l = – 3, then b + l c = -2 i - j + 5k
2 2 2 uuur Let
43. (b) ABCD be a parallelogram such that
r uuur r
Now, x + y + y + z + z + x AB = q , AD = p and ÐBAD be an acute angle.
= 6 + 2 S x. y ³ 6 + ( -3) We have
C
2 2 2
Þ x + y + y + z + z + x ³ 3
r r q
40. (c) Given | 2a - b | = 5 r
r r r r
(2 | a |)2 + | b |2 -2´ | 2a || b | cos q = 5 D
꾀 X p
r r
Putting values of | a | and | b | , we get uuur æ pr . qr ö æ pr ö pr .qr r
AX = ç r ÷ ç r ÷ = r p
(2 ´ 2)2 + (3)2 - 24cos q = 25 è p øè pø p
2
Þ cosq = 0 From triangle law

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rr
uuur uuur uuur r p.q r
Let rr = BX = BA + AX = - q + r p 2$ 2 $ 1 $
p
2 or - i - j + k .
3 3 3
r r
44. (c) Given that c = a + 2b an d d = 5a - 4b and 47. (d) D C
a = b = 1
r r
Since c and d are perpendicular to each other
r
\ cr × d = 0 Z M
Þ (a + 2b).(5a - 4b) = 0
Þ 5 + 6a × b - 8 = 0
1 1 p
Þ a × b = Þ sin q = Þ q= A B
2 2 3
45. (a) Let a + b + c = 0 Þ (a + b) = – c O Y
Þ (a + b)2 = c2 In a parallelogram, diagonals bisect each other. So, mid

Þ a2 + b2 + 2a.b = c2 point of DB is also the mid-point of AC.
Þ 9 + 25 + 2.3.5 cos q = 49 Mid-point of M = 2i - j
æ ® ® ® ö Direction ratio of OC = (1, – 5, – 5)
çQ a = 3, b = 5 and c = 7÷ Direction ratio of OM = (2, – 1, 0)
è ø
Angle q between OM and OC is given by
1 p
\ cos q = Þ q =
2 3 cos q =
(1 ´ 2) + ( -5)( -1) + ( -5)( 0)
$ $ $ be the required unit vector.. 2 + ( -1) (1)2 + ( -5) 2 + ( -5) 2
2 2
46. (d) Let xi + y j + zk
Since a$ is perpendicular to (2$i - $j + 2k$ ) . 2+5 7

= =
\ 2x – y + 2z = 0 ......... (i) 5 51 5 51
$ $ $ ® ®
Since vector xi + y j + zk is coplanar with the vector Proection of OM on OC is given by
$i + $j - k$ and 2$i + 2 $j - k$ . 7 7
OM .cos q = 5 ´ =
5 ´ 51
\ xi$ + y $j + zk$ = p ( $i + $j - k$ ) + q ( 2$i + 2 $j - k$ ),
51
r r r
where p and q are some scalars. 48. (d) Given that, a, b and c are mutually orthogonal
r r r r r r
Þ xi$ + y $j + zk$ = ( p + 2q)i$ + ( p + 2q ) $j - ( p + q)k$ \ a . b = 0, b . c = 0 , c . a = 0
Þ x = p + 2q, y = p + 2q, z = – p – q Þ 2l + 4 + m = 0 ...(i)
Now from equation (i), l -1 + 2m = 0 ...(ii)
2p + 4q – p – 2q – 2p – 2q = 0
Þ –p=0Þp=0 On solving (i) and (ii), we get l = -3, m = 2
\ x = 2q, y = 2q, z = – q r 8r
49. (d) Clearly a = – c
Since vector xi$ + y $j + zk$ is a unit vector, therefore 7
r r
Þ a || c and are opposite in direction
| xi$ + y $j + zk$ | = 1 r
\ Angle between a and cr is p.
uuur uuur
Þ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 50. (a) CA = (2 - a)i + 2 j ; CB = (1 - a)i - 6k
Þ x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 uuur uuur
éQ CA ^ CB ù
Þ 4q2 + 4q2 + q2 = 1 ë û
uuur uuur
1 \ CA × CB = 0 Þ (2 - a)(1 - a) = 0
Þ 9q2 =1Þq= ±
3 Þ a = 2, 1
rr
r r v.u r r
When q =
1 2 2
, then x = , y = , z = –
1 51. (c) Proection of v along u = r = v .u
3 |u |
3 3 3
r r
1 2 2 1 r r w.u r r
When q = – , then x = – , y = – , z =
3 proection of w along u = r = w.u
3 3 3 |u |
2$ 2 $ 1 $ rr rr
Here required unit vector is i+ j- k Given v .u = w.u ....(1)
3 3 3

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rr r r
Also , v .w = 0 [Q v ^ w] ....(2) c = i + 8 j + 3k
r r r a × c = 1 + 8 + 24 = 33
Now | u - v + w |2
r 2 r2 r 2 rr r r rr b × c = 2 + 32 - 24 = 10
= | u | + | v | + | w | -2u.v - 2v .w + 2u.w
56. (d) It is given that
= 1 + 4 + 9 + 0 [ From (1) and (2)] = 14
r r r i j k
\| u - v + w |= 14
r r r x -2 3
52. (c) Given that a + b + c = 0 f ( x ) = a × (b ´ c ) = = x 3 - 27 x + 26
r r r r r r -2 x -1
Þ (a + b + c ).(a + b + c ) = 0 7 -2 x
r2 r2 r2 rr rr rr
Þ a + b + c + 2(a.b + b .c + c .a ) = 0
Þ f ( x) = x3 - 27 x + 26
rr rr rr
1 + 4 + 9 + 2(a.b + b .c + c.a ) = 0 Þ f '( x) = 3x 2 - 27
r r r r r r -1 - 4 - 9 For critical point f '(x) = 0
a.b + b.c + c .a = = -7
2 Þ 3x2 - 27 = 0 Þ x = -3, 3
® ® ® ®
53. (a) Given that, a + b + c = 0 + – +
® ® ® –3 3
Þ | a + b + c |2 = 0 Max. Min.
® ® ® ® ® ® ® ®® The local maxima of f (x) is, x0 = –3.
Þ | a |2 + | b |2 | + | c |2 + 2( a × b + b × c + c × a ) = 0
Then a × b + b × c + c × a
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ 25 + 16 + 9 + 2( a × b + b × c + c × a ) = 0 = -2 x - 2 x - 3 - 14 - 2 x - x + 7 x + 4 + 3 x = 3 x - 13
® ® ® ® ® ®
Þ ( a × b + b × c + c × a ) = -25 . So, value at x = x0 , = a × b + b × c + c × a = 3x - 13
® ® ®® ®® = 3 ´ ( -3) - 13 = -22.
\ | a × b + b × c + c × a |= 25 .
57. (18)
® ® ® ® ® ®
54. (a) Given that a + b + c = 0 Þ b + c = - a i ´ (a ´ i) = (i × i)a - (i × a )i = j + 2k
® ® 2 ® 2 ® ®
Þ | b + c | =| a | = 5 +3 + 2 b× c = 7
2 2 2
Similarly, j ´ (a ´ j) = 2i + 2k ,
® ®
Þ 2 | b | | c | cos q = 49 - 34 = 15 ;
k ´ (a ´ k) = 2i + j
Þ 2 × 5 × 3cos q = 15;
p \ | j + 2k |2 + | 2i + 2k |2 + | 2i + j |2 = 5 + 8 + 5 = 18.
Þ cos q = 1/2; Þ q = = 60
3 rr r r p
55. (b) We know that the volume of parallelopiped 58. (30) b .c = 10 Þ b c cos æç ö÷ = 10
è3ø
= [a b c]
r 1 r
1 1 n Þ 5. c . = 10 Þ c = 4
2
2 4 - n = 158 r
Since, is perpendicular to the vector b ´ cr , then
1 n 3
r r r
a.(b ´ c ) = 0
Þ (12 + n2 ) - 1(6 + n) + n(2n - 4) = 158
r r r r r r æpö
Þ 3n2 - 5n - 152 = 0 Now, a ´ (b ´ c ) = a b ´ c sin ç ÷
è2ø
Þ 3n2 - 24n + 19n - 152 = 0
r r p
Þ 3n(n - 8) + 19(n - 8) = 0 = 3 ´ b c sin ´1
3
-19
Þ n = 8 or n = r r r
3 Hence, a ´ (b ´ c ) = 30.
Þ n=8 (Q n ³ 0) r r r r r r
59. (c) a ´ (b ´ c ) = a ´ (b ´ a )
\ a = i + j + 8k, b = 2i + 4 j - 8k and rr r rr r rr r
Þ -(a.b )c = (a.a )b - (a.b ) a

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M-478 Mathematics
r
Þ -4c = 6($i - $j + k$ ) - 4($i - 2 $j - k$ ) i j k
r r 1 1 1 = i - 2 j + k
Þ -4c = 2$i - 2 $j + 2k$ \ ar ´ b =
1 2 3
r 1
Þ c = (i$ + $j + k$ )
r r
2 Now, proection of vector c = 2i + 3 j + k on ar ´ b is
r
Þ b .cr = - 1 r r r
c .(a ´ b ) 2 - 6 + 1 3 3
= r r =
2 =
=
| a´b | 6 2
r r r2 6
60. (d) a + b + c = 0 r r
63. (b) Given, a = 3i + 2 j + xk and b = i - j + k
rr rr rr
3 + 2(a.b + b .c + c .a ) = 0
i j k
r r r r r r -3 -3 r r
(a.b + b .c + c .a ) = Þ l= Now, a ´ b = 3 2 x
2 2
r r r r r r r r r r r r 1 -1 1
d = a ´ b + b ´ (- a - b ) + (- a - b ) ´ a [Q c = -a - b ]
r r r r r r = (2 + x)i + ( x - 3) j - 5k
= a ´b + a ´b + a ´b
r r r r r
d = 3(a ´ b ) | a ´ b | = (2 + x )2 + ( x - 3)2 + (-5)2 = r
r uur uur
61. (c) b =b1 - b2 ...(1) Þr= 4 + x 2 + 4 x + x 2 + 9 - 6 x + 25
uur
Since, b2 is perpendicular to ar .
æ 1ö 1
uur r = 2 x 2 - 2 x + 38 = 2 ç x 2 - x + ÷ + 38 -
\b2 .a = 0 è 4ø 2
uur
Since, b1 is parallel to ar . 2
æ 1 ö 75 75 3
uur r = 2ç x - ÷ + Þ r³ Þr ³5
then b1 = la (say) è 2ø 2 2 2
r r r uur r uur r r r
a.b = a.b1 - a.b2 64. (a) Since, a, b and c are three unit vectors
Þ 5 = la2 Þ 5 = l × 10 (Q | ar |= 10 ) .
r r r
\ | a | = | b | = | c |= 1
uur ar
1
Þl= \ B1 = r r r 1r
2 2 Then, a ´ (b ´ c) = b
r 2
r a
\b1 = r r r r r r 1r
2
uur (a × c) b - (a × b) c = b
2
Cross product with B1 in equation (1)
r uur uur uur r r 1 r r
Þ b´ B1 = - B2 ´ B1 \ a × c = 2 and a × b = 0
r r
r uur uur uur r r bá
Þ b´ B1 = B1 ´ B2 Þ b1 ´ b 2 = r r 1 r r
2 | a | | c | cos b = and | a | | b | cos a = 0
2
i j k Þ b = 60 and a = 90
uur uuur 1
Þ B1 ´ B 2 = 2 -1 3 Hence, |a – b| = |90 – 60 | = 30
2
3 1 0 r r r r rr 2
65. (a) Q | a ´ c |2 = | a |2 | c |2 – (a.c )
=
1é
-3i - j (-9) + k(5) ù
1
= é-3i + 9 j + 5k ù r r r
2ë û 2ë û Þ | -b |2 = 2 | c |2 -16 Þ 3 = 2 | c |2 -16
r r
62. (d) Let a = i + j + k and b = i + 2 j + 3k r 19
r r Þ | c |2 =
r
\ vector perpendicular to a and b is ar ´ b
2

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66. (b) Suppose angular bisector of A meets BC at D (x, y, z) r r r r

68. (b) Q a + 2b + 2 c = 0 [Given]
Using angular bisector theorem,
r r r r r r r r r
AB BD Þ a + 2 c = – 2b Þ (a + 2c) × (a + 2c) = (– 2b ) (– 2b)
=
AC DC r r r r r r r r r r
Þ a × a + 4c × c + 4a × c = 4b × b Þ 1 + 4 + 4a × c = 4
BD (4 - 2) 2 + (7 - 3) 2 + (8 - 4) 2
= r r –1
Þ a×c =
DC (4 - 2)2 + (7 - 5)2 + (8 - 7)2 4
r r r r r
22 + 4 2 + 4 2 6 Q a × c 2 + a ´ c 2 = 1 ( a is unit vector)
= = =2
2 + 2 +1
2 2 2 3 1 r r2
Þ + a ´ c =1
16
A(4, 7, 8)
r r 2 15 r r 15
Þ ać = Þ ać =
16 4
r r
b = i +
69. (c) Given : a = 2i + - 2k,
r
Þ | a |= 3
r r
\ a ´ b = 2i - 2 + k
r r
| a ´ b |= 22 + 22 + 12 = 3
r r r r r r
We have (a ´ b) ´ c = | a ´ b || c | sin 30 n
B (2, 3, 4) D (x, y, z) C (2, 5, 7) r r r r 1 r 1
Þ | (a ´ b) ´ c | = 3| c |. Þ 3 = 3| c |.
2 2
æ (2) (2) + (1) (2) (2) (5) + (1) (3) r
So, D (x, y, z) º ç , , \ |c| =2
2 +1 2 +1 r r
è Now | c - a | = 3
(2) (7) + (1) (4) ö On squaring, we get
÷ r2 r2 rr rr
2 +1 ø Þ c + a - 2a.c = 9 Þ 4 + 9 – 2 a.c = 9
rr rr rr
æ 6 13 18 ö Þ a.c = 2[Q c.a = a.c ]
D (x, y, z) º ç , , ÷
è3 3 3 ø uur r
uur (b1 × a)a ìï (3 j + 4k).(i + j ) üï æ i + j ö
1 70. (b) b1 = =í ýç ÷
þï è 2 ø
Therefore, position vector of point P = (6i + 13j + 18k) 1 ïî 2
3
r r
67. (a) Q a = i + j + k Þ | a | = 3 3(i + j ) 3(i + j )
= =
r r 2´ 2 2
& c = j – k Þ | c | 2
r r r r
r r b1 + b2 = b
Now, a ´ b = c (Given)
r r r r uur uur 3
Þ a b sin q = c Þ b 2 = b - b1 = (3 j + 4k) - (i + j )
2
r r
Þ a b sin q = 2 ...[i] uur 3 3
r r Þ b2 = - i + j + 4k
Also a × b = 3 2 2
r r
Þ a b cos q = 3 ....[ii]
i j k
Dividing [i] by [ii], we get uur uur 3 3
& b1 ´ b2 = 0
2 2 2 2
tanq = \ sinq =
3 11 3 3
Substituting value of sinq in [i] we get - 4
2 2
r 2 uur uur
= 2 æ 9 9ö
3b Þ b1 ´ b2 = i ( 6) - j ( 6) + k ç - + ÷
11 è 4 4ø
r 11 9
b = Þ 6i - 6 j + k
3 2

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M-480 Mathematics
r r r r r r
71. (b) Let; d1 = 8i - 6 j + 0k & d2 = 3i + 4 j - 12k 75. (b) L.H.S = (a ´ b).[(b ´ c) ´ (c ´ a)]
r r r r r r r rr r
i j k = (a ´ b).[(b ´ c. a )c - (b ´ c.c )a ]
r r rrr r r rr
\ d1 ´ d 2 = 8 -6 0 = 72i - ( -96 ) j + 50k = (a ´ b).[[b c a ] c] [Q b ´ c. c = 0]
3 4 -12 r rr r r r rrr 2
= [a b c].(a ´ b. c ) = [a b c ]
Þ d1 ´ d 2 = 16900 = 130 r r r r r r rrr 2
= [a ´ b b ´ c c ´ a ] = [a b c ]
1 1
So l = 1
\ Area of parallelogram = d1 ´ d2 = ´130 = 65 r r
2 2 76. (c) Let x = 3i - 6 j - k , y = i + 4 j - 3k and
r r r r
3 r r z = 3i - 4 j - 12k
72. (b) a ´ (b ´ c) = (b + c)
2 i j k
r r r r r r 3r 3r
Þ (a × c)b - (a × b)c = b+ c r r
2 2 Now, x ´ y = 3 -6 -1 = 22i + 8 j + 18k
On comparing both sides 1 4 -3
r r r r r
r r ( x + y ).( z )
Proection of x ´ y on zr =
3 3
a ×b = - Þ cosq= - r
2 2 |z|
r r
[Q a and b are unit vectors] 22(3) + 8(-4) + 18( -12) -182
= = = – 14
r r 9 + 16 + 144 13
where q is the angle between a and b
Now, magnitude of proection = 14.
5p r
q= 77. (d) Let, c = ai + bj + ck
6 r r
r r r 1 r rr Given, c × (i + 2 j + 5k) = 0
73. (c) (a ´ b) ´ c = b c a
3
r r r 1 r rr i j k
Þ –c ´ (a ´ b) = b c a r
3 Þ a b c = 0
rr r rr r 1 r r r
( ) ( )
Þ – c.b a + c.a b = b c a
3
1 2 5
r r r rr r 1 r rr Þ (5b - 2c)i - (5a - c) j + (2a - b)k = 0i + 0 j + 0k
( )
Þ – b c cos qa + c.a b = b c a
3 Comparing both sides, we get
r r r
Q a, b, c are non collinear, the above equation is 5b – 2c = 0; 5a – c = 0; 2a – b = 0
possible only when or 5b = 2c; 5a = c; 2a = b
1 rr r
– cosq = and c.a = 0 Also given | c |2 = 60 Þ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 60
3
1 Putting the value of b and c in above eqn., we get
Þ cosq = –
3 a 2 + (2a) 2 + (5a)2 = 60
2 2 2
Þ sinq =
2 2
; qÎ II quad Þ a + 4a + 25a = 60 Þ 30a2 = 60
3 2
a =2
r r
74. (a) a + b = 3 a= ± 2;b= 2 2;c= 5 2
r r r
angle between a and b is 60 . Now, c = ai + bj + ck
r r r r r
a ´ b is ^ r to plane containing a and b \ c = 2i + 2 2 j + 5 2k
r r r r r r
c = a + 2b + 3(a ´ b) Value of c . ( -7i + 2 j + 3k) is
r
c=
2 r2 r2 r r r r
a + 4 b + 2.2 a cos 60°n1 + 3 a b sin 60°n 2 ( )(
2i + 2 2 j + 5 2k . -7i + 2 j + 3k )
r r r = -7 2 + 4 2 + 15 2 = 12 2
+3 a b sin 60°.n 2 ® ®
r r 78. (d) a = 2i + j - 2k, b = i + j
n1 ^ r n 2 ®
Þ | a |=3
r2 3 r2
c = (1 + 4 + 2 ) + 9 ´ Þ c = 7 + 27 / 4 = 55 / 4
4 ® ® i j k
r and a ´ b = 2 1 -2 = 2i - 2 j + k
2 c = 55
1 1 0

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® ® rrr
therefore [a b c ] = 0
| a ´ b |= 4 + 4 + 1 = 3
® ® ® ®
Now, | c - a | = 2 2 Þ | c - a |2 = 8 1 2 l
® ® ® ® i.e., -2 3 1 =0
Þ | c - a |. (c - a) = 8
® ® ® ®
3 -1 2l - 1
Þ | c |2 + | a |2 - 2 c . a = 8 Þ 1(6l – 2) – 2 (– 4l – 1) + l(–7) = 0
® ® Þ (6l – 2) + 8l + 2 + 2 + 2l – 9l = 0
Þ | c |2 + 9 - 2 | c | = 8
® ®
Þ 7l = 0 Þ l = 0
rr r
Þ (| c | -1)2 = 0 Þ | c | = 1 84. (c) Given that a.b ¹ 0 , ar.d = 0
® ® ® ® ® ®
r r r r
1 3 Now, b ´ c = b ´ d
\ | ( a ´ b ) ´ c | = | a ´ b | | c | sin 30° = 3 ´ 1 ´ =
r r r r r r
2 2
r r r r r r Þ a ´ (b ´ c ) = a ´ (b ´ d )
79. (c) (i ´ a × b )i + ( j ´ a × b ) j + (k ´ a × b )k r r r r r r r r r r r r
Þ ( a . c )b - ( a . b ) c = ( a . d ) b - ( a . b ) d
r r r r r r r r r rr r rr r
= (i × a ´ b )i + ( j × a ´ b ) j + (k × a ´ b )k Þ (a.b )d = -(a.c )b + (a .b )c
r r r r r r
(Q a ´ b × c = a × b ´ c ) r r æ ar.cr ö r
r r r r r r r r d = c - ç r r ÷b
= (a ´ b )i + ( a ´ b ) j + (a ´ b )k = a ´ b è a.b ø
r r r r r
( r
)
80. (c) Statement - 1
r r r 85. (d) (2a - b). (a ´ b ) ´ (a + 2b )
The vectors a , b and c lie in the same plane.
r r r r r r r r r r r
Þ a , b and c are coplanar.. = (2a - b ) × ((a ´ b ) ´ a + 2(a ´ b ) ´ b )
We know, the necessary and sufficient conditions for r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
r rr = (2a - b )((a . a )b - (a . b )a + 2(a . b )b - 2(b . b )a )
three vectors to be coplanar is that [ a bc ] = 0 r r r r
r r r = (2 a - b )(b - 0 + 0 - 2 a )
i.e. a × (b ´ c ) = 0
From given values we get
Hence, statement-1 is true.
r r r r r
r a .b = 0 and b . b = 1
81. (b) Let u = j + 4k , v = i - 3k and rr rr
ur = -4 a.a - b .b = -5
w = cos qi + sin qj
86. (d) Given that
i j k r r r rr r r r rr
r r c = b ´ a Þ b . c = b .(b ´ a ) Þ b . c = 0
Now, u ´ v = 0 1 4 = i ( -3) - j ( -4) + k ( -1)
1 0 -3 ( )( )
Þ b1i + b2 j + b3 k . i - j - k = 0,
r
= -3i + 4 j - k where b = b1i + b2 j + b3 k
r r ur
( ) ( )(
Now, u ´ v × w = -3i + 4 j - k . cos qi + sin qj ) b1 - b2 - b3 = 0
r r
...(i)
= – 3 cosq + 4 sinq and a.b = 3 Þ ( j - k ).(b1i + b2 j + b3 k) = 3
Now, maximum possible value of Þ b2 - b3 = 3
From equation (i)
-3cos q + 4sin q = ( -3)2 + ( 4 )2 = 25 = 5
b1 = b2 + b3 = (3 + b3 ) + b3 = 3 + 2b3
82. (a) Statement - 1 r
b = (3 + 2b3 )i + (3 + b3 ) j + b3 k
Points (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 2), (2, 2, z) and (1, 1, 1) are coplanar From the option given, it is clear that b3 equal to either
then z = 2 which is false. 2 or –2.
r
1 -1 0 If b3 = 2 then b = 7i + 5 j + 2k which is not possible
r
Q1 0 z-2 = 0 If b3 = -2, then b = -i + j - 2k
r r r
0 -1 -1 87. (d) Q u , v , w are non coplanar vectors
r r r
Þ 1(z – 2) + 1 (– 1) = 0 Þ z = 3 \ [ u , v , w] ¹ 0
Statement - 2 is the true statement. r r r r r r
r r Now, [ 3u , pv , p w] –[ pv , p w, qu ]
83. (a) Since a = i - 2 j + 3k , b = 2i + 3 j - k and r r r
r – [ 2 w, qv , qu ] = 0
c = li + j + ( 2l - 1) k are coplanar

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M-482 Mathematics
r r r r r r
Þ 3 p2 [ u , v , w] – pq [ v , w, u ] = 1 - y + x 2 - x2 + y = 1
r r r rrr
– 2q2 [ w, v , u ] = 0 Hence éë a b c ùû is independent of x and y both.
r r r r r r r r r
Þ 3 p2 [ u , v , w] - pq [ u , v , w] + 2q 2 [ u , v , w ] r
92. (b) Let a = a1$i + a2 $j + a3k
r r r
Þ (3 p2 – pq + 2q2) [ u , v , w ] = 0 r
b = b $i + b $j + b k
1 2 3
Þ 3p2 – pq + 2q2 = 0
r r r r
(Q [ u , v , w ] = 0) c = c1i$ + c2 $j + c3k
Given that
q 2 7 q2 r r r r
Þ 2p2 + p2 – pq +
4
+
4
=0
( )
é l ar + b l 2 b lcr ù = é ar b + cr b ù
ë û ë û
2
æ qö 7 2
Þ 2p2 + ç p - ÷ + q = 0 l ( a1 + b1 ) l ( a2 + b2 ) l ( a3 + b3 )
è 2ø 4
Þ p = 0, q = 0, p = q / 2 Þ l 2b1 l 2 b2 l 2 b3
This is possible only when p = 0, q = 0 lc1 lc2 lc3
\ There is exactly one value of (p, q).
r r a1 a2 a3
88. (b) Given a = i + j + k , b = $i - $j + 2k$ and = b1 + c1 b 2 + c2 b3 + c3
r
c = xi$ + ( x - 2) $j - k$ b1 b2 b3
r r r r r r
Given that c lies in the plane of a and b , then a, b and c a1 + b1 a2 + b2 a3 + b3
are coplanar Þl b1 4
b2 b3
rrr
\ [a b c ] = 0 c1 c2 c3
1 1 1
a1 a2 a3
i.e. 1 -1 2 =0
= b1 + c1 b2 + c2 b3 + c3
x ( x - 2) -1
b1 b2 b3
Þ 1[1 – 2(x – 2)] – 1[– 1 – 2x] + 1[x – 2 + x] = 0
Þ 1 – 2x + 4 + 1 + 2x + 2x – 2 = 0 R1 ® R1 - R2 in 1st det.
Þ 2x = –4 Þ x = – 2 and R2 ® R2 - R3 in 2nd det.
89. (b) Given that | 2u ´ 3v | = 1 and q is acute angle
a1 a2 a3 a1 a2 a3
between u and v , | u | = 1, | v | = 1
Þ l 4 b1 b2 b3 = c1 c2 c3
Þ | 2u ´ 3v | = 6 | u | | v | | sin q | = 1 c1 c2 c3 b1 b2 b3
1 4
Þ 6 | sin q | = 1 Þ sin q = Þ l = -1
6 Hence l has no real values.
Hence, there is exactly one value of q for which r r r r
93. (c) Let a = xi + yj + zk
2 u × 3 v is a unit vector.. r
r r r r r2
90. (d) ( a ´ b ) ´ c = a ´ ( b ´ c ) , a .b ¹ 0 , b . c ¹ 0 a ´ i = zj - yk Þ a ´ i = y 2 + z 2
r r2 r r2 2 2
Þ (a . c ). b - ( b . c )a = (a .c ). b - (a . b ).c Similarly, a ´ j = x 2 + z 2 and a ´ k = x + y
Þ (a . b ).c = ( b . c ) a Þ a || c . Adding all above equation
r r2 r r2 r r2
91. (d) Given that Þ a í + a´ j + a´k
r r
a = i - k, b = xi + j + (1 - x)k and r2
r = 2( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = 2 a
c = yi + xj + (1 + x - y )k
r r r 1 r r r
1 0 -1 94. (a) Given that (a ´ b ) ´ c = | b || c | a
r rr r r r r r 3
\ [a b c ] = a.(b ´ c ) = x 1 1- x Clearly a and b are non collinear
y x 1+ x - y rr r rr r 1 r r r
Þ (a.c )b - (b .c )a = | b | | c | a
= 1[1 + x - y - x + x 2 ] - [ x 2 - y ] 3
Comparing both side.

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rr rr 1 r r
\ a.c = 0 and - b.c = | b || c | i j k
3 r r r
99. (b) We have a ´ b = 3 -5 0 = 39k = c
-1
Þ cos q = 6 3 0
3
r r r
1 2 2 Also | a |= 34,| b |= 45, | c |= 39 ;
\ sin q = 1 - = r r r
9 3 \ | a |:| b |:| c |= 34 : 45 : 39 .
r r
[q is acute angle between b and c ] r r r
r r r r r r r 100. (a) Given that a , c , b form a right handed system,
95. (c) (u + v - w).(u - v ) ´ (v - w) i j k
r r r r r r r r r r r r
= (u + v - w).(u ´ v - u ´ w - v ´ v + v ´ w) \ cr = b ´ ar = 0 1 0 = zi - xk
r r r r r r r r r r r
= (u + v - w).(u ´ v - u ´ w + v ´ w) [Q v ´ v = 0] x y z
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
= u.(u ´ v ) - u.(u ´ w) + u.(v ´ w) + v .(u ´ v ) 101. (a) [a ´ b b ´ c c ´ a]
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
-v .(u ´ w) + v .(v ´ w) - w.(u ´ v ) + w.(u ´ w) - w.(v ´ w)
r r r = (a ´ b). { }r
(b ´ c ) ´ ( c ´ a )
r r r r r r r r
We know that [ a, a, b ] = 0
r r r r r r r r r Q a ´ (b ´ c) = (a × c) b - (a × b) c
= u.(v ´ w) - v .(u ´ w) - w.(u ´ v ) r r ur r r ur r r ur r r
rrr rr r r rr r r r
= [uvw)] + [vwu )] - [ wuv ] = u.(v ´ w) r r r
{
= ( a ´ b) × ( m × a ) c - ( m × c ) a )
r r r
} (where m = b ´ c )
r rr
96. (b) Normal vector of the face OAB = {(a ´ b) × c} ×{(a × (b ´ c)} = [a b c ]2 = 42 = 16 .
r r r r p 3
i j k 102. (b) Since, a × b = | a || b | cos = 4 ´ 2 ´ =4 3.
uuur uuur 6 2
= OA ´ OB = 1 2 1 = 5i - j - 3k
2 1 3 r r r r r r
We know that, (a ´ b)2 + (a × b)2 = | a |2 | b |2
Normal vector of the face ABC r r 2
Þ (a ´ b) + 48 = 16 ´ 4
i j k r r 2
uuur uuur Þ (a ´ b) = 16
= AB ´ AC = 1 -1 2 = i - 5 j - 3k 103. (a) Let B be the top of the wall whose coordinates will be
-2 -1 1 (a, b). Range (R) = c
Angle between the faces = angle between their normals u B (a,b)
5+5+9 19 æ 19 ö
cos q = = or q = cos -1 ç ÷ b
35 35 35 è 35 ø a
A C
r rr a D
97. (a) Given that u .n = 0 and v .n = 0 c
r r r
Þ n is perpendicular both u and v , B lies on the traectory
r r
uń 1 x2
\ n = r r \ y = x tan a – g 2
| u || n | 2 u cos 2 a
i j k 1 a2
Þ b = a tan a – g 2
1 1 0 2 u cos 2 a
1 -1 0 -2k é ga ù
n = = = -k Þ b = a tan a ê1 - ú
2´ 2 2 ë 2u 2 cos2 a tan a û
r
w.n = (i + 2 j + 3k ).(- k ) = -3 = 3 é a ù
= a tan a ê1 - 2
r r r r r r r r r r a
ú
98. (c) Let a + b + c = r . Then a ´ (a + b + c ) = a ´ r ê 2 u
cos 2 a.
sin ú
r r r r r r ëê g cos a ûú
Þ0+a´b +ać =a ´r
r r r r r r r r r é a ù
Þ a ´b -c á = a ´r Þ a ´r =0 1- 2
r r r r = a tan a ê ú
[Q a ´ b = c ´ a ] ê u .2sin a cos a ú
r r r r r r êë g úû
Similarly b ´ r = 0 & c ´ r = 0
r r
Above three conditions can be hold if and only if r = 0

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M-484 Mathematics
é a ù We know that R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos a

1- Þ (7)2 = P2 + (3)2 + 2 × P × 3 cos a
= a tan a ê u 2 sin 2a ú
ê ú Þ 49 = P2 + 9 + 6P cos a
êë g úû Þ 40 = P2 + 6P cos a .....(i)
æ u 2 sin 2 a ö ( )
2
é aù and 19 = P2 + (–3)2 + 2P × –3 cos a
= a tan a ê1 - ú çQ R = ÷
ë Rû è g ø Þ 19 = P2 + 9 – 6P cos a
é aù Þ 10 = P2 – 6P cos a .....(ii)
Þ b = a tan a ê1 - ú Adding (i) and (ii) 50 = 2P2
ë cû Þ P2 = 25 Þ P = 5n.
æ c - aö
Þ b = a tan a . ç
è c ÷ø
1
106. (a) We know that h = gt 2
2
bc 1
Þ tan a =
and h + 400 = g (t + 4) 2
a(c - a) 2
The angle of proection,
bc
a = tan–1
a(c - a) h
104. (a) A
Q(t)
q 13
m 400m
M
12m P(t+4)
B
Subtracting, we get 400 = 8g + 4gt
q 9 0 –q Þ t = 8 sec
T1
1
C 5m \ h = ´ 10 ´ 64 = 320m
2
13 kg \ Required height = 320 + 400 = 720 m
107. (b) Let two velocities u and u at an angle q to each
In D ABC other the resultant is given by
Q 132 = 5 2 + 122 Þ AB2 = AC2 + BC2
Þ ÐACB = 90° D C
M is mid point of the hypotenuse AB, therefore MA = MB
= MC
u R
Þ ÐA = ÐACM = q
Applying Lami’s theorem at C, we get E
q/2 q/4 R¢
u/2
T1
=
T2
=
13kg q/2 q/4
A
sin(180 - q) sin(90 + q) sin 90° u B
Þ T1 = 13 sin q and T2 = 13 cos q R2 = u2 + u2 + 2u2 cosq = 2u2 (1 + cos q)
q
5 12 Þ R 2 = 4u 2 cos 2 q / 2 or R = 2u cos
Þ T1 = 13 ´ and T2 = 13 ´ 2
13 13 Now in second case, the new resultant AE (i.e., R¢)
Þ T1 = 5 kg and T2 = 12 kg bisects ÐCAB , therefore using angle bisector theorem
105. (c) Given that : Force P = Pn, Q = 3n, resultant R = 7n &
in DABC , we get
P¢ = Pn, Q¢ = (–3)n, R¢ = 19 n AB BE u u/2
= Þ = ÞR=u
AC EC R u/2
q
Ö19 P Þ 2u cos = u
7 2
a q 1 q
Þ cos = = cos 60° Þ = 60°
2 2 2
–3 3 or q = 120°

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108. (d) According to question F ' = 3F cos q and 12 + 5 17

F = 3F sin q F \ Average speed = =
4 4
3F
12 2 + 5 2 13
Þ F'= 2 2F Average velocity = =
4 4
Þ F : F ' :: 3 : 2 2 . F' 114. (d) Let I is incentre of DABC.
109. (b) Let A and B be displaced by a distance x then Change \ IA, IB, IC are bisectors of the angles A, B and C.
in moment of (A + B) = applied moments
B C A
H Now ÐBIC = 180 - - = 90° + etc.
Þ ( A + B) ´ x = H Þ x = 2 2 2
A+ B Applying Lami’s theorem at I
110. (d) As per question u cos 60° = v cos 30° A
(as horiontal component of velocity remains the same)

1 3 1
Þ u× = v× or v = u
2 2 3 P
Y
I
o A R
o
60 30 o 90+
u
30°
vcos30 Q 2
v B C
60°
o
30
X
ucos60o P Q R
O = =
sin(90° +
A æ Bö æ Cö
111. (b) For same horiontal range the angles of proection
)sin ç 90° + ÷ sin ç 90° + ÷
2 è 2 ø è 2ø
p A B C
must be a and -a Þ P : Q : R = cos : cos : cos
2 2 2 2
r
2u sin a 115. (c) Since, the moment about A is ero, hence F passes
\ t1 = .... (i)
through A. Taking A as origin. Let the line of action of force
g r
æp ö F be y = mx . (see figure)
2u sin ç - a ÷
è2 ø 2u cos a r
t2 = = .... (ii)
Moment about B =
3m
| F |= 9 ....(1)
g g
1 + m2
Squaring and adding eqn. (i) and (ii), Y
4u 2
\ t12 + t22 =
g2 C(0,4)
F
1
112. (a) Given v = m/s, component along OB
4 (y = mx)
1 1
´
v sin 30° 6- 2
= = 4 2 =
sin(45° + 30°) 3 +1 8 A B(3,0)
2 2 4 r
Moment about C= | F |= 16....(2)
113. (d) Time taken by the particle in complete ourney
1 + m2
12 5 Dividing (1) by (2), we get
T = + = 4 hr.
4 5 3 v
m = Þ| F |= 5 N .
4
116. (c) Let forces be P and Q. then P + Q = 4 ....(1)
2
and P + Q = 3 2 2 ....(2)
5 km Solving eqns. (1) and (2), we get the forces
æ 2ö æ 2ö
ç 2 + 2 ÷ N and ç 2 - 2 ÷ N
è ø è ø
A 12km B

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M-486 Mathematics
117. (d) Resultant of forces

r 2h
F = 4i + j - 3k + 3i + j - k = 7i + 2 j - 4k \ We get R = u ...(1)
g
Displacement
r When the stone proected at an angle q, for horiontal and
d = 5i + 4 j + k - (i + 2 j + 3k) = 4i + 2 j - 2k vertical motions, we have
r r u
\ Work done = F .d = 28 + 4 + 8 = 40
q
118. (a) Let b be the inclination of the plane to the horiontal
and u be the velocity of proection of the proectile
u2 u2
We have R1 = and R2 = h
g (1 + sin b) g (1 - sin b)
Adding above equations
1 1 2g 1 1 2 é u2 ù
+ = or + = êQ R = ú R
R1 R2 u 2 R1 R2 R êë g úû R = u cos q ´ t ....(2)
\ R1, R, R2 are in H.P. and h = -u sin q ´ t +
1 2
gt ....(3)
r 2
119. (a) Let the two velocities be v1 = ui$ and From eqns. (1) and (2) we get
r
v = ( ft cos a ) i$ + ( ft sin a ) $j
2
2h
ft u = u cos q ´ t
g
1 2h
Þ t=
cos q g
a Putting the value of t in eq (3) we get
u
\ u sin q 2h 1 é 2 h ù
Relative velocity of second with respect to first h=- + gê ú
r r r cos q g 2 êë g cos 2 q úû
v = v - v = ( ft cos a - u )i$ + ft sin a $j
2 1
r2 2h
Þ v = ( ft cos a - u )2 + ( ft sin a )2 h = -u tan q + h sec 2 q
2 2 2 g
= f t + u - 2uft cos a
r 2h
For v to be min and max. we should have h = -u tan q + h tan 2 q + h
g
2
dv
= 0 Þ 2 f 2t - 2uf cos a = 0 2 2
dt tan 2 q - u tan q = 0; \ tan q = u
u cos a hg hg
Þ t=
f 121. (a) Let the body travels from A to B with constant
d2 v
2 acceleration t and from B to C with constant
Also = 2 f 2 = + ve retardation r.
dt 2 x y
2
u cos a A t1 B t2 C
\ v and hence v is least at the time
f If AB = x, BC = y, time taken from A to B = t1 and time taken
120. (a) Given that the stone proected horiontally. For from B to C = t2, then s = x + y and t = t1 + t2
horiontal motion, For the motion from A to B
Distance = speed × time Þ R = ut
v 2 = u 2 + 2 fs Þ v 2 = 2 fx (Q u = 0 )
and for vertical motion u
v2
1 2 Þ x= ....(1)
h = 0´t + gt 2f
2 and v = u + ft Þ v= ft1
h v
2h Þ t1 = ...(2)
Þ t= f
g For the motion from B to C
v 2 = u 2 + 2 fs
R

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v2 r r
Þ 0 =v2 – 2ry Þ y = ...(3) G = r p sin q .....(1)
2r r r
and v = u + ft Þ 0 = v – rt2 H = r p cos q .....(2)
r r
Þ t2 =
v x = r p sin(q + a ) .....( 3)
r r r
Adding equations (1) and (3), we get From (1),
r (2) r &r(3), x = G cos a + H sin a .
v2 é 1 1 ù r F = F1 + F2 = 7i + r2 j - 4k
124. (d) r
x+ y = + =s d = Positon Vector of B – Position Vector of A
2 êë f r úû = 4i + 2 j - 2k
Adding equations (2) and (4), we get r r
W = F .d = 28 + 4 + 8 = 40 unit
é 1 1ù 125. (b) From figure ÐTQW = 180 – q; ÐRQW = 2q ;
t1 + t 2 = v ê + ú = t
ë f rû Ð RQT = 180 – q
2 P
é 1 1ù
v2 ê + ú
t2 ë f rû = 1 + 1 q T
\ =
2s v2 æ 1 1 ö f r O q
2´ ç + ÷ q
2 è f rø Q
90–2q
æ 1 1ö R
Þ t = 2s ç + ÷
è f rø w
2 2 2 Applying Lami's theorem at Q.
122. (c) R = P + Q + 2 PQ cos q .... (1)
ur ur T R W
= =
When Q and R are doubled sin 2q sin(180 - q) sin(180 - q)
4R 2 = P 2 + 4Q 2 + 4 PQ cos q .... (2) Þ R = W and T = 2W cos q
ur ur 126. (a) Given that P + Q = 18 .......(1)
When Q is reversed and R is doubled We know that
4 R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 - 2 PQ cos q .... (3) P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos a = 144 ......(2)
Q sin a
Adding (1) and (3), 5R 2 = 2 P 2 + 2Q 2 tan 90 =
P + Q cos a
Þ 2 P 2 + 2Q 2 - 5 R 2 = 0 .... (4)
Applying (3) ´ 2 + (2), 12 R 2 = 3 P 2 + 6Q 2 R=12
Q
Þ 3P + 6Q - 12R = 0
2 2 2 ....(5)
From (4) and (5) a
P2 Q2 R2
= = P
-24 + 30 24 - 15 12 - 6 Þ P + Q cos a = 0 ......(3)
P 2 Q2 R 2 From (2) and (3),
= = or P 2 : Q 2 : R 2 = 2 : 3 : 2 Q2 – P2 = 144 Þ (Q – P) (Q + P) = 144
6 9 6
r r r r r r 144
123. (c) We know that G = r ´ p ; G = r p sin q \ Q-P= =8
18
r r r
H = r p cos q éQ sin(90o + q) = cos qù From (1), On solving, we get Q = 13, P = 5
ë û

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M-488 Mathematics
26
Three Dimensional
Geometry
2 1
Direction Ratios & Direction cosines (a) (b)
of a Line, Angle between two lines 3 3
in terms of dc's and dr's, Condition 2 2
TOPIC Ć of Parallelism & Perpendicularity (c) (d)
3 3
of two Lines, Projection of a Point 6. An angle between the lines whose direction cosines are
on a Line, Projection of a Line given by the equations, l + 3m + 5n = 0 and 5lm – 2mn + 6nl
Segment Joining two Points = 0, is [Online April 15, 2018]
æ1ö æ1ö
1. If the length of the perpendicular from the point (b, 0, b) (b (a) cos -1 ç ÷ (b) cos -1 ç ÷
è8ø è6ø
x y -1 z + 1 3
¹ 0) to the line, = = is , then b is equal to:
-1 æ1ö æ1ö
1 0 2 (c) cos -1 ç ÷ (d) cos -1 ç ÷
[April 10, 2019 (I)] è3ø è4ø
(a) 1 (b) 2 7. ABC is triangle in a plane with vertices A (2, 3, 5), B (–1, 3,
(c) –1 (d) –2 2) and C (l, 5, m). If the median through A is equally inclined
2. The vertices B and C of a “ABC lie on the line, to the coordinate axes, then the value of (l3 + m3 + 5) is :
x + 2 y -1 z [Online April 10, 2016]
= = such that BC = 5 units. Then the area (a) 1130 (b) 1348
3 0 4
(in sq. units) of this triangle, given that the point A (1, –1, 2), (c) 1077 (d) 676
8. The angle between the lines whose direction cosines
is: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) 5 17 (b) 2 34 satisfy the equations l + m + n = 0 and l 2 + m 2 + n 2 is
(c) 6 (d) 34 [2014]
3. If a point R(4, y, z) lies on the line segment oining the p p
(a) (b)
points P(2, –3, 4) and Q(8, 0, 10), then distance of R from 6 2
p p
the origin is : [April 08, 2019 (II)] (c) (d)
3 4
(a) 2 14 (b) 2 21 9. Let A (2, 3, 5), B (– 1, 3, 2) and C (l, 5, m) be the vertices of
(c) 6 (d) 53 a DABC. If the median through A is equally inclined to the
4. A tetrahedron has vertices P(1, 2, 1), Q(2, 1, 3), R(–1, 1, 2) coordinate axes, then: [Online April 11, 2014]
and O(0, 0, 0). The angle between the faces OPQ and (a) 5l – 8m = 0 (b) 8l – 5m = 0
PQR is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
(c) 10l – 7m = 0 (d) 7l – 10m = 0
-1 æ 17 ö -1 æ 19 ö 10. A line in the 3-dimensional space makes an angle q
(a) cos ç ÷ (b) cos ç ÷
è 31 ø è 35 ø
æ pö
-1 æ 9 ö -1 æ 7 ö çè 0 < q £ ÷ø with both the x and y axes. Then the set of all
(c) cos ç ÷ (d) cos ç ÷ 2
è 35 ø è 31 ø
5. The length of the proection of the line segment oining values of q is the interval: [Online April 9, 2014]
the points (5, –1, 4) and (4, –1, 3) on the plane, x + y + = 7 æ pù é p pù

(a) ç 0, ú (b) ê , ú
is: [2018] è 4û ë6 3û

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Three Dimensional Geometry M-489
é p pù æ p pù
(c) ê , ú (d) ç , ú Equation of a Straight Line in Cartesian
ë 4 2û è 3 2û
and Vector Form, Angle Between two
11. Let ABC be a triangle with vertices at points A (2, 3, 5), Lines, Condition for Coplanarity of two
B (–1, 3, 2) and C (l, 5, m) in three dimensional space. If the TOPIC n Lines Perpendicular Distance of a Point
median through A is equally inclined with the axes, then from a Line, Shortest Distance between
(l, m) is equal to : [Online April 25, 2013] two Skew Lines, Distance Between two
Parallel Lines.
(a) (10, 7) (b) (7, 5)
(c) (7, 10) (d) (5, 7)
12. If the proections of a line segment on the x, y and z-axes 18. A plane P meets the coordinate axes at A, B and C respec-
in 3-dimensional space are 2, 3 and 6 respectively, then the tively. The centroid of DABC is given to be (1,1,2). Then
length of the line segment is : [Online April 23, 2013] the equation of the line through this centroid and perpen-
(a) 12 (b) 7 dicular to the plane P is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
(c) 9 (d) 6
x - 1 y -1 z - 2 x - 1 y -1 z - 2
13. The acute angle between two lines such that the direction (a) = = (b) = =
cosines l, m, n, of each of them satisfy the equations 2 1 1 1 1 2
l + m + n = 0 and l2 + m2 – n2 = 0 is :
x - 1 y -1 z - 2 x - 1 y -1 z - 2
[Online April 22, 2013] (c) = = (d) = =
2 2 1 1 2 2
(a) 15 (b) 30
(c) 60 (d) 45 19. If (a, b, c) is the image of the point (1, 2, –3) in the line,
x +1 y - 3 z
14. A line AB in three-dimensional space makes angles 45 = = , then a + b + c is equals to:
and 120 with the positive x-axis and the positive y-axis 2 -2 -1
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
respectively. If AB makes an acute angle q with the positive
-axis, then q equals [2010] (a) 2 (b) – 1
(a) 45 (b) 60 (c) 3 (d) 1
(c) 75 (d) 30 r
20. The lines r = (i - j ) + l (2i + k) and

15. The proections of a vector on the three coordinate axis are
6, –3, 2 respectively. The direction cosines of the vector are r
r = (2i - j ) + m(i + j - k) [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
: [2009]
(a) do not intersect for any values of l and m
6 -3 2 6 -3 2 (b) intersect for all values of l and m
(a) , , (b) , ,
5 5 5 7 7 7
1
-6 -3 2 (c) intersect when l = 2 and m =
, , 2
(c) (d) 6, – 3, 2
7 7 7 (d) intersect when l = 1 and m = 2
16. If a line makes an angle of p / 4 with the positive directions 21. The shortest distance between the lines
of each of x- axis and y- axis, then the angle that the line
x-3 y -8 z -3 x+3 y+7 z-6
makes with the positive direction of the z-axis is [2007] = = and = = is:
3 -1 1 -3 2 4
p p [Jan. 08, 2020 (I)]
(a) (b)
4 2 7
(a) 2 30 (b) 30
p p 2
(c) (d) (c) 3 30
6 3 (d) 3
17. A line makes the same angle q, with each of the x and z 22. If the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point
axis. If the angle b, which it makes with y-axis, is such that
(1, 0, 3) on a line passing through (a, 7, 1) is , then a is
sin 2 b = 3 sin 2 q, then cos2q equals [2004] equal to _________. [NA Jan. 07, 2020 (II)]
2 1 23. A perpendicular is drawn from a point on the line
(a) (b)
5 5 x -1 y +1 z
= = to the plane x + y + z = 3 such that the
2 -1 1
3 2
(c) (d) foot of the perpendicular Q also lies on the plane x – y + z = 3.
5 3
Then the co-ordinates of Q are : [April 10, 2019 (II)]

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M-490 Mathematics
(a) (1, 0, 2) (b) (2, 0, 1) 30. Equation of the line of the shortest distance between the
(c) (–1, 0, 4) (d) (4, 0, –1) x y x -1 y +1
lines = = and = = is:
24. The length of the perpendicular from the point (2, –1, 4) 1 -1 1 0 -2 1
x+3 y-2 z [Online April 19, 2014]
on the straight line, = = is :
10 -7 1 x y x -1 y +1
[April 08, 2019 (I)] (a) = = (b) = =
1 -1 -2 1 -1 -2
(a) greater than 3 but less than 4 x -1 y +1 x y
(b) less than 2 (c) = = (d) = =
1 -1 1 -2 1 2
(c) greater than 2 but less than 3
x - 2 y -3 z - 4
(d) greater than 4 31. If the lines = = and
1 1 -k
x - 3 y +1 z - 6 x+5 y -2 z -3
25. Two lines = = and = = x -1 y -4 z -5

1 3 -1 7 -6 4 = = are coplanar, then k can have
k 2 1
intersect at the point R. The reflection of R in the xy- plane
[2013]
has coordinates : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
(a) any value (b) exactly one value
(a) (2, –4, –7) (b) (2, 4, 7)
(c) exactly two values (d) exactly three values
(c) (2, –4, 7) (d) (–2, 4, 7)
32. If two lines L1 and L2 in space, are defined by
26. If the lines x = ay + b, z = cy + d and x = a' z + b',
y = c' z + d' are perpendicular, then: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] {
L1 = x = l y + ( )
l -1 , z = ( ) }
l - 1 y + l and
(a) ab' + bc' + 1 = 0
(b) cc' + a + a' = 0
(c) bb' + cc' + 1 = 0
{ ( )
L2 = x = m y + 1 - m , z = 1 - m y + m ( ) }
(d) aa' + c + c' = 0 then L1 is perpendicular to L2, for all non-negative reals l
27. If the angle between the lines, and m, such that : [Online April 23, 2013]
x y z 5 – x 7 y – 14 z – 3 (a) l + m =1 (b) l ¹ m
= = and = = is
2 2 1 –2 P 4 (c) l + m = 0 (d) l = m
æ 2ö x +1 y -1 z +1 x+2 y-k z
cos–1 ç ÷ , then P is equal to [Online April 16, 2018] 33. If the lines = = and = = are
è 3ø 2 1 3 2 3 4
7 2 coplanar, then the value of k is : [Online April 9, 2013]
(a) – (b)
4 7 11 11
(a) (b) -
4 7 2 2
(c) – (d)
7 2 9
9
(c) (d) -
28. The number of distinct real values of l for which the lines 2 2
x -1 y - 2 + 3 x - 3 y - 2 -1 x -1 y +1 z-1
= = 2 = = 34. If the line = = and
and are 2 3 4
1 2 l 1 l2 2
coplanar is : [Online April 10, 2016] x-3 y-k z
= = intersect, then k is equal to: [2012]
(a) 2 (b) 4 1 2 1
(c) 3 (d) 1 2
(a) –1 (b)
9
x y
29. The shortest distance between the lines = = and 9
2 2 1 (c) (d) 0
2
x + 2 y -4 -5
= = lies in the interval : 35. The distance of the point -i + 2 j + 6k from the straight
-1 8 4
[Online April 9, 2016] line that passes through the point 2i + 3 j - 4k and is
(a) (3, 4] (b) (2, 3] parallel to the vector 6i + 3 j - 4k is
(c) [1, 2) (d) [0, 1) [Online May 26, 2012]

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(a) 9 (b) 8
23 23
(c) 7 (d) 10 (c) (d)
17 15
36. Statement 1: The shortest distance between the lines
x y z x -1 y - 1 z - 1 x –1 y – 2 z – 3
= = and = = is 2 . 41. If the straight lines = = and
2 -1 2 4 -2 4 k 2 3
Statement 2: The shortest distance between two parallel
x – 2 y – 3 z –1
lines is the perpendicular distance from any point on one = = intersect at a point, then the integer
of the lines to the other line. 3 k 2
[Online May 19, 2012] k is equal to [2008]
(a) –5 (b) 5
(c) 2 (d) –2
42. If non ero numbers a, b, c are in H.P., then the straight line
(c) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. x y 1

+ + = 0 always passes through a fixed point. That
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is a b c
not a correct explanation for Statement 1 point is [2005]
37. The coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (a) (– 1, 2) (b) (– 1, – 2)
(1, 0, 0) to the line æ 1ö
(c) (1, – 2) (d) ç1,- ÷
x - 1 y + 1 z + 10 è 2ø
= = are [Online May 12, 2012]
2 -3 8 43. The angle between the lines 2x = 3y = – and
(a) (2, – 3, 8) (b) (1, – 1, – 10) 6x = – y = – 4 is [2005]
(c) (5, – 8, – 4) (d) (3, – 4, – 2) (a) 0 (b) 90
(c) 45 (d) 30
44. If the straight lines [2004]
38. The length of the perpendicular drawn from the point
x = 1 + s , y = -3 - l s , z = 1 + l s
x y - 2 z -3
(3, -1, 11) to the line = = is : [2011RS] t
2 3 4 and x = , y = 1 + t , z = 2 - t , with parameters s and t
2
(a) 29 (b) 33 respectively, are co-planar, then l equals.
(a) 0 (b) –1
(c) 53 (d) 66
1
39. Statement-1: The point A(1, 0, 7)) is the mirror image of the (c) - (d) –2
2
x y -1 z - 2 45. A line with direction cosines proportional to 2, 1, 2 meets
point B(1, 6, 3) in the line : = =
1 2 3 each of the lines x = y + a = z and x + a = 2 y = 2 z . The
x y -1 z - 2 co-ordinates of each of the points of intersection are given
Statement-2: The line = = bisects the line by [2004]
1 2 3
(a) (2a,3a, 3a), (2a, a, a ) (b) (3a, 2a,3a), (a, a, a)
segment oining A(1, 0, 7) and B(1, 6, 3) . [2011]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is (c) (3a, 2a, 3a), (a, a, 2a ) (d) (3a, 3a,3a), (a, a, a )
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 46. The lines x - 2 = y - 3 = z - 4 [2003]
1 1 -k
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is x -1 y - 4 - 5
and = = are coplanar if
a correct explanation for Statement-1. k 2 1
40. The line L given by x y = 1 passes through the point (a) k = 3 or –2 (b) k = 0 or –1
+ (c) k = 1 or –1 (d) k = 0 or –3.
5 b
(13, 32). The line K is parallel to L and has the equation 47. The two lines x = ay + b , z = cy + d and x = a¢y + b¢, z = c¢y + d¢
will be perpendicular, if and only if [2003]
x y
+ = 1 . Then the distance between L and K is (a) aa¢ + cc¢ + 1 = 0
c 3 (b) aa¢ + bb¢ + cc¢ + 1 = 0
[2010] (c) aa¢ + bb¢ +cc¢ = 0
17 (d) (a + a¢) (b + b¢) +(c + c¢) = 0.
(a) 17 (b)
15

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M-492 Mathematics
53. The plane which bisects the line oining the points (4, – 2, 3)
and (2, 4, – 1) at right angles also passes through the
Equation of a Plane in Different
point: [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
Forms, Equation of a Plane Passing
Through the Intersection of two (a) (4, 0, 1) (b) (0, –1, 1)
Given Planes, Plane Containing two (c) (4, 0, –1) (d) (0, 1, –1)
Lines, Angle Between two Planes, 54. Let a plane P contain two lines
TOPIC Đ Angle Between a Plane and a Line, r r
Distance Between two Parallel r = i + l(i + j ), l Î R and r = - j + m( j - k), m Î R.
Planes, Position of Point and Line
wrt a Plane, Projection of a Line on a If Q(a, b, g) is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from
Plane the point M(1, 0, 1) to P, then 3(a + b + g) equals
____________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
x -1 y +1 z 55. The plane passing through the points (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 2) and
48. The shortest distance between the lines = = parallel to the line, 2x = 3y, z = 1 also through the point :
0 -1 1
and x + y + z + 1 = 0, 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
[Sep. 06, 2020 (I)] (a) (0, 6, –2) (b) (–2, 0, 1)
(c) (0, –6, 2) (d) (2, 0, –1)
1 56. A plane passing through the point (3, 1, 1) contains two
(a) 1 (b)
3 lines whose direction ratios are 1, –2, 2 and 2, 3, –1
respectively. If this plane also passes through the point
1 1
(c) (d) (a, - 3, 5), then a is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
2 2
(a) 5 (b) –10
x + 1 y - 2 z -1
49. If for some a ÎR , the lines L1 : = = and (c) 10 (d) –5
2 -1 1
57. If for some a and b in R, the intersection of the following
x + 2 y +1 z + 1
L2 : = = are coplanar, then the line L2 three planes
a 5-a 1
passes through the point : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] x + 4y – 2z = 1
(a) (10, 2, 2) (b) (2, – 10, – 2) x + 7y – 5z = b
(c) (10, – 2, – 2) (d) (– 2, 10, 2)
50. If the equation of a plane P, passing through the x + 5y + az = 5
intersection of the planes, x + 4y – z + 7 = 0 and 3x + y + 5z is a line in R3, then a + b is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
= 8 is ax + by + 6z = 15 for some a, b Î R, then the
(a) 0 (b) 10
distance of the point (3, 2, –1) from the plane P is
___________. (c) 2 (d) –10
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] 58. If the distance between the plane, 23x – 10y – 2z + 48 = 0
51. The distance of the point (1, –2, 3) from the plane
and the plane containing the lines
x y z
x - y + z = 5 measured parallel to the line = = x +1 y - 3 z +1
2 3 -6 = =
is : [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] 2 4 3
7 x + 3 y + 2 z -1
(a) (b) 1 and = = (l Î R)
5 2 6 l
1 k
(c) (d) 7 is equal to , then k is equal to ______.
7 633
52. The foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (4, 2, 3) [NA Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
to the line oining the points (1, –2, 3) and (1,1, 0) lies on
59. The mirror image of the point (1, 2, 3) in a plane is
the plane : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
(a) 2x + y – z = 1 (b) x – y – 2z = 1 æ 7 4 1ö
çè - , - , - ÷ø . Which of the following points lies on
(c) x – 2y + z = 1 (d) x + 2y – z = 1 3 3 3
this plane? [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]

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(a) (1, 1, 1) (b) (1, –1, 1) (a) 5/2 (b)

2 5
(c) (–1, –1, 1) (d) (–1, –1, –1) (c) 9/2 (d) 7/2
67. A plane passing through the points (0, –1, 0) and (0, 0, 1)
60. Let P be a plane passing through the points (2, 1, 0),
p
(4, 1, 1) and (5, 0, 1) and R be any point (2, 1, 6). Then the and making an angle with the plane y – + 5 = 0, also
4
image of R in the plane P is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] passes through the point: [April 09 2019I]
(a) (– 2 , 1, –4) (b) ( 2 , –1, 4)
(a) (6, 5, 2) (b) (6, 5, –2)
(c) (– 2 , –1, –4) (d) ( 2 , 1, 4)
(c) (4, 3, 2) (d) (3, 4, –2)
68. Let P be the plane, which contains the line of intersection
x - 2 y + 1 z -1
= =
61. If the line intersects the plane of the planes, x + y + – 6 = 0 and 2x + 3y + + 5 = 0 and it
3 2 -1 is perpendicular to the xy-plane. Then the distance of the
2x + 3y – z + 13 = 0 at a point P and the plane 3x + y + 4z = point (0, 0, 256) from P is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
16 at a point Q, then PQ is equal to: [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) 17/ 5 (b) 63 5
(a) 14 (b) 14
(c) 205 5 (d) 11/ 5
(c) 2 7 (d) 2 14
69. The equation of a plane containing the line of intersection
62. A plane which bisects the angle between the two given
of the planes 2x – y – 4 = 0 and y + 2z – 4 = 0 and passing
planes 2x – y + 2z – 4 = 0 and x + 2y + 2z – 2 = 0, passes
through the point (1, 1, 0) is : [April 08 2019 I]
through the point : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
(a) x – 3y – 2z = –2 (b) 2x – z = 2
(a) (1, –4, 1) (b) (1, 4, –1)
(c) x – y – z = 0 (d) x + 3y + z = 4
(c) (2, 4, 1) (d) (2, –4, 1)
70. The vector equation of the plane through the line of
63. The length of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2,
1, 4) to the plane containing the lines intersection of the planes x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 5
r r
r = ($i + $j ) + l(i$ + 2 $j - k$ ) and r = ($i + $j ) + m(-$i + $j - 2k$ ) which is perpendicular to the plane x – y + z = 0 is :
is : [April 12, 2019 (II)] [April 08, 2019 (II)]
1 r r
(a) 3 (b) (a) r ´ ( i – k ) + 2 = 0 (b) r . ( i – k ) – 2 = 0
3
1 r
(c) r ´ ( i + k ) + 2 = 0 (d) rr. ( i – k ) + 2 = 0
(c) 3 (d)
3 71. The perpendicular distance from the origin to the plane
64. If Q (0, –1, –3) is the image of the point P in the plane 3x –
x+ 2 y -2 z +5
y + 4 = 2 and R is the point (3, –1, –2), then the area (in sq. containing the two lines, = = and
units) of DPQR is : [April 10, 2019 (I)] 3 5 7
91 x -1 y - 4 z + 4
(a) 2 13 (b) = = , is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
4 1 4 7
91 65
(c) (d) 11
2 2 (a) 11 6 (b) 6
1 2
65. If the plane 2x – y + 2z + 3 =0 has the distances and
2 3 (c) 11 (d) 6 11
units from the planes 4x – 2y + 4z + l = 0 and 2x – y + 2z +
m = 0, respectively, then the maximum value of l + m is x +1 y - 2 z - 3
72. If an angle between the line, = = and the
equal to : [April 10, 2019 (II)] 2 1 -2
(a) 9 (b) 15 æ2 2ö
(c) 5 (d) 13 plane, x – 2y – kx = 3 is cos–1 çç ÷÷ then a value of k is
,
è 3 ø
x -1 y +1 - 2
66. If the line, = = meets the plane, [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
2 3 4
x + 2y + 3 = 15 at a point P, then the distance of P from the 5 3
origin is: [April 09 2019I] (a) (b)
3 5

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M-494 Mathematics
5 79. The system of linear equations

3
(c) - (d) - x+y+z=2
5 3
2x + 3y + 2z = 5
73. Let S be the set of all real values of l such that a plane
passing through the points (–l2, 1, 1), (1, –l2, 1) and 2x + 3y + (a2 – 1)z = a + 1 [Jan 09 2019I]
(1, 1, –l2) also passes through the point- (–1, –1, 1). Then (a) is inconsistent when a = 4
S is equal to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] (b) has a unique solution for |a| = 3
(a) { }3 (b) { 3, - 3 } (c) has infinitely many solutions for a = 4
(c) {1, -1} (d) {3, -3} (d) is inconsistent when |a| = 3
80. The equation of the line passing through (–4, 3, 1), parallel
x - 3 y + 2 z -1
74. The plane containing the line = = and to the plane x + 2y – – 5 = 0 and intersecting the line
-1
2 3
x +1 y -3 z - 2
also containing its proection on the plane 2x + 3y – = 5, = = is: [Jan 09 2019I]
contains which one of the following points? -3 2 -1
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] x - 4 y + 3 z +1
(a) (2, 2, 0) (b) (–2, 2, 2) (a) = =
2 1 4
(c) (0, – 2, 2) (d) (2, 0, –2)
75. The direction ratios of normal to the plane through the x + 4 y - 3 z -1
(b) = =
p 1 1 3
points (0, –1, 0) and (0, 0, 1) and making an angle
4 x + 4 y - 3 z -1
(c) = =
with the plane y – z + 5 = 0 are : 3 -1 1
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
x + 4 y - 3 z -1
(a) 2, –1, 1 (b) 2, 2, - 2 (d) = =
-1 1 1
(c) 2,1, -1 (d) 2 3,1, -1 81. The plane through the intersection of the planes
76. If the point (2, a, b) lies on the plane which passes through x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y – z + 4 = 0 and parallel to
the points (3, 4, 2) and (7, 0, 6) and is perpendicular to the y-axis also passes through the point: [Jan 09 2019I]
plane 2x – 5y = 15, then 2a – 3b is equal to : (a) (– 3, 0, – 1) (b) (– 3, 1, 1)
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] (c) (3, 3, – 1) (d) (3, 2, 1)
(a) 12 (b) 7 82. The equation of the plane containing the straight line
(c) 5 (d) 17
77. The plane which bisects the line segment oining the points x y z
= = and perpendicular to the plane containing the
(– 3, – 3, 4) and (3, 7, 6) at right angles, passes through 2 3 4
which one of the following points? [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) (–2, 3, 5) (b) (4, – 1, 7) x y z x y z
(c) (2, 1, 3) (d) (4, 1, – 2) straight lines = = and = = is:
3 4 2 4 2 3
78. On which of the following lines lies the point of in-
[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
x-4 y -5 z -3
ter-section of the line, = = and the plane, (a) x – 2y + z = 0
2 2 1
(b) 3x + 2y – 3z = 0
x + y + z = 2? [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(c) x + 2y – 2z = 0
x+3 4- y +1
(a) = = (d) 5x + 2y – 4z = 0
3 3 -2 83. If L 1 is the line of intersection of the planes
2x - 2y + 3 - 2 = 0, x - y + + 1 = 0 and L2 is the line of
x- 4 y -5 z - 5
(b) = = intersection of the planes x + 2y - - 3 = 0,
1 1 -1
3x - y + 2 - 1 = 0 , then the distance of the origin from
x -1 y - 3 z + 4 the plane, containing the lines L1 and L2, is : [2018]
(c) = = 1 1
1 2 -5
(a) (b)
3 2 2 2
x- 2 y -3 z + 3
(d) = = 1 1
2 2 3 (c) (d)
2 4 2

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84. The sum of the intercepts on the coordinate axes of the 90. If x = a, y = b, z = c is a solution of the system of linear
plane passing through the point (– 2, – 2, 2) and containing equations [Online April 9, 2017]
the line oining the points (1, – 1, 2) and (1, 1, 1) is x + 8y + 7z = 0
[Online April 16, 2018] 9x + 2y + 3z = 0
(a) 12 (b) – 8 x+y+z=0
(c) – 4 (d) 4 such that the point (a, b, c) lies on the plane
85. A variable plane passes through a fixed point (3, 2, 1) and x + 2y + z = 6, then 2a + b + c equals :
meets x, y and z axes at A, B and C respectively. A plane is (a) –1 (b) 0
drawn parallel to yz – plane through A, a second plane is (c) 1 (d) 2
drawn parallel zx – plane through B and a third plane is 91. If a variable plane, at a distance of 3 units from the origin,
intersects the coordinate axes at A, B and C, then the lo-
drawn parallel to xy – plane through C. Then the locus of cus of the centroid of DABC is : [Online April 9, 2017]
the point of intersection of these three planes, is 1 1 1
(a) 2 + 2 + 2 = 1

x y z
x y z
(a) x + y + z = 6 (b) + + =1 1 1
(b) 2 + 2 + 2 = 3
1
3 2 1
x y z
3 2 1 1 1 1 11 1
(c) + + =1 (d) + + = (c)
1
+
1
+
1
=
x y z x y z 6 2 2 2 9
x y z
86. An angle between the plane, x + y + z = 5 and the line of 1 1 1
intersection of the planes, 3x + 4y + z – 1 = 0 and (d) + + =9
x2 y2 z2
5x + 8y + 2z + 14 = 0, is [Online April 15, 2018]
x-3 y+2 z+l
æ 3 ö æ 3 ö 92. If the line,
1
=
-1
=
-2
lies in the plane, 2x –
(a) cos –1 ç ÷ (b) cos –1 çç ÷÷
è 17 ø 4y + 3 = 2, then the shortest distance between this line
è 17 ø
x -1 y z
æ 3 ö and the line, = = is :
æ 3 ö 12 9 4
(c) sin –1 ç ÷ (d) sin –1 çç ÷÷
è 17 ø è 17 ø
(a) 2 (b) 1
87. A plane bisects the line segment oining the points (1, 2, 3)
(c) 0 (d) 3
and (– 3, 4, 5) at right angles. Then this plane also passes
93. The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular from the
through the point. [Online April 15, 2018]
point (1, –2, 1) on the plane containing the lines,
(a) (– 3, 2, 1) (b) (3, 2, 1)
x +1 y -1 - 3
(c) (1, 2, – 3) (d) (– 1, 2, 3) = = and
88. If the image of the point P(1, –2, 3) in the plane, 6 7 8
x -1 y - 2 - 3
x y = = , is : [Online April 8, 2017]
2x + 3y – 4 + 22 = 0 measured parallel to line, = = 3 5 7
1 4 5 (a) (2, –4, 2) (b) (–1, 2, –1)
(c) (0, 0, 0) (d) (1, 1, 1)
is Q, then PQ is equal to : [2017] 94. The line of intersection of the planes
r
(a) 6 5 (b) 3 5 r.(3i - + k) = 1 and
r
(c) 2 42 (d) r.(i + 4 - 2k) = 2, is : [Online April 8, 2017]
42
4 5
89. The distance of the point (1, 3, –7) from the plane passing x- -
(a) y
7 = = 7
through the point (1, –1, –1), having normal
perpendicular to both the lines [2017] -2 7 13
4 5
x- +
x -1 y + 2 - 4 x - 2 y +1 + 7 7 = y 7
= = and = = , is : (b) =
1 -2 3 2 -1 -1 2 -7 13
6 5
10 20 x- y-
(a) (b) (c) 13 = 13 =
74 74 2 -7 -13
6 5
10 5 x- y-
(c) (d) (d) 13 = 13 =
83 83 2 7 -13

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M-496 Mathematics
103. If the shortest distance between the lines

x -3 y+2 +4
95. If the line, = = lies in the plane, lx + my – =
-1 x -1 y + 1
2 3 = = , ( a ¹ -1) and x + y + + 1 = 0
9, then l2 + m2 is equal to : [2016] a -1 1
(a) 5 (b) 2 1
(c) 26 (d) 18 = 2x – y + + 3 is , then a value a is :
3
96. The distance of the point (1, –5, 9) from the plane x – y + =
5 measured along the line x = y = is : [2016]
16 19
10 20 (a) - (b) -
(a) (b) 19 16
3 3
32 19
(c) 3 10 (d) 10 3 (c) (d)
19 32
97. The distance of the point (1, –2, 4) from the plane passing
through the point (1, 2, 2) and perpendicular to the planes x -1 y - 3 z - 4
104. The image of the line = = in the plane
x – y + 2 = 3 and 2x – 2y + + 12 = 0, is : 3 1 -5
[Online April 9, 2016] 2 x - y + z + 3 = 0 is the line: [2014]
(a) 2 (b) 2
x-3 y +5 z - 2
(a) = =
1 3 1 -5
(c) 2 2 (d)
2
x-3 y +5 z - 2
98. The equation of the plane containing the line 2x – 5y + = (b) = =
-3 -1 5
3; x + y + 4 = 5, and parallel to the plane, x + 3y + 6 = 1, is:
[2015] x+3 y -5 z - 2
(c) = =
(a) x + 3y + 6 = 7 (b) 2x + 6y + 12 = – 13 3 1 -5
(c) 2x + 6y + 12 = 13 (d) x + 3y + 6 = –7
x+3 y -5 z + 2
99. The distance of the point (1, 0, 2) from the point of (d) = =
-3 -1 5
x - 2 y +1 - 2
intersection of the line = = and the plane 105. If the angle between the line 2(x + 1) = y = + 4 and the
3 4 12
p
x – y + = 16, is [2015] plane 2x – y + l + 4 = 0 is 6 , then the value of l is:
(a) 3 21 (b) 13 [Online April 19, 2014]
135 45
(c) 2 14 (d) 8 (a) (b)
7 11
100. The shortest distance between the –axis and the line x 45 135
+ y + 2z – 3 = 0 = 2x + 3y + 4z – 4, is (c) (d)
7 11
[Online April 11, 2015] 106. If the distance between planes, 4x – 2y – 4 + 1 = 0 and
(a) 1 (b) 2 4x – 2y – 4 + d = 0 is 7, then d is:
(c) 4 (d) 3 [Online April 12, 2014]
101. A plane containing the point (3, 2, 0) and the line (a) 41 or – 42 (b) 42 or – 43
(c) – 41 or 43 (d) – 42 or 44
x –1 y - 2 z - 3 107. A symmetrical form of the line of intersection of the planes
= = also contains the point :
1 5 4 x = ay + b and = cy + d is [Online April 12, 2014]
[Online April 11, 2015] x - b y -1 - d
(a) = =
(a) (0, 3, 1) (b) (0, 7, –10) a 1 c
(c) (0, –3, 1) (d) 0, 7, 10 x - b - a y -1 - d - c
102. If the points (1, 1, l) and (–3, 0, 1) are equidistant from (b) = =
a 1 c
the plane, 3x + 4y – 12 + 13 = 0, then l satisfies the
equation : [Online April 10, 2015] (c) x - a = y - 0 = - c
(a) 3x2 + 10x – 13 = 0 (b) 3x2 – 10x + 21 = 0 b 1 d
(c) 3x2 – 10x + 7 = 0 (d) 3x2 + 10x – 7 = 0
(d) x - b - a = y - 1 = - d - c
b 0 d

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x -1 y - 2 - 3 115. The equation of a plane containing the line

108. The plane containing the line = = and
1 2 3 x +1 y - 3 z + 2
= = and the point (0, 7, – 7) is
x y -3 2 1
parallel to the line = = passes through the point:
1 1 4 (a) x + y + z = 0 [Online May 26, 2012]
[Online April 11, 2014] (b) x + 2y + z = 21
(a) (1, – 2, 5) (b) (1, 0, 5) (c) 3x – 2y + 5z + 35 = 0
(c) (0, 3, –5) (d) (– 1, – 3, 0) (d) 3x + 2y + 5z + 21 = 0
109. Equation of the plane which passes through the point of
116. Consider the following planes
intersection of lines
P : x + y – 2z + 7 = 0
x -1 y - 2 - 3 Q : x + y + 2z + 2 = 0
= = and
3 1 2
R : 3x + 3y – 6z – 11 = 0 [Online May 26, 2012]

x - 3 y -1 - 2 (a) P and R are perpendicular
= = (b) Q and R are perpendicular
1 2 3
(c) P and Q are parallel
and has the largest distance from the origin is:
(d) P and R are parallel
117. If the three planes x = 5, 2x – 5ay + 3z – 2 = 0 and
(a) 7x + 2y + 4 = 54 (b) 3x + 4y + 5 = 49
3bx + y – 3z = 0 contain a common line, then(a, b) is equal
(c) 4x + 3y + 5 = 50 (d) 5x + 4y + 3 = 57
to [Online May 19, 2012]
110. Distance between two parallel planes 2x + y + 2z = 8 and
4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is [2013] æ 8 1ö æ1 8 ö
(a) ç , - ÷ (b) ç , - ÷
3 5 è 15 5 ø è 5 15 ø
(a) (b)
2 2
æ 8 1ö æ 1 8ö
7 9 (c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç - , ÷
(c) (d) è 15 5 ø è 5 15 ø
2 2
111. The equation of a plane through the line of intersection of 118. A line with positive direction cosines passes through the
the planes x + 2y = 3, y –2 + 1= 0, and perpendicular to the point P (2, – 1, 2) and makes equal angles with the
first plane is : [Online April 25, 2013] coordinate axes. If the line meets the plane 2x + y + z = 9 at
(a) 2x – y – 10z = 9 (b) 2x – y + 7z = 11 point Q, then the length PQ equals [Online May 7, 2012]
(c) 2x – y + 10z = 11 (d) 2x – y – 9z = 10
112. Let Q be the foot of perpendicular from the origin to the (a) 2 (b) 2
plane 4x – 3y + z + 13 = 0 and R be a point (– 1, – 6) on the (c) 3 (d) 1
plane. Then length QR is : [Online April 22, 2013]
119. The values of a for which the two points (1, a, 1) and
19 (– 3, 0, a) lie on the opposite sides of the plane 3x + 4y –
(a) 14 (b)
2 12z + 13 = 0, satisfy [Online May 7, 2012]
7 3 1
(c) 3 (d) (a) 0 < a < (b) – 1 < a < 0
2 2 3
r
113. A vector n is inclined to x-axis at 45 , to y-axis at 60 and 1
(c) a < – 1 or a < (d) a = 0
r 3
at an acute angle to z-axis. If n is a normal to a plane
120. The distance of the point (1, – 5, 9) from the plane x – y +
passing through the point ( )
2, -1,1 then the equation z = 5 measured along a straight x = y = z is [2011RS]
of the plane is : [Online April 9, 2013] (a) 10 3 (b) 5 3
(a) 4 2 x + 7 y + z - 2 (b) 2 x + y + 2 z = 2 2 + 1 (c) 3 10 (d) 3 5

y -1 z - 3
(c) 3 2 x - 4 y - 3z = 7 (d) 2 x - y - z = 2 121. If the angle between the line x = = and the
2 l
114. A equation of a plane parallel to the plane
x – 2y + 2z –5 = 0 and at a unit distance from the origin is : æ 5 ö
[2012] plane x + 2y + 3z = 4 is cos–1 ç ÷ , then l equals
è 14 ø
(a) x – 2y + 2z – 3 = 0 (b) x – 2y + 2z + 1 = 0
(c) x – 2y + 2z – 1 = 0 (d) x – 2y + 2z + 5 = 0 [2011]

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M-498 Mathematics
3 2 x +1 y -1
(a) (b) 128. If the angle q between the line =
2 5 1 2
5 2
(c) (d) z -2
3 3 = and the plane 2x – y + l + 4 = 0 is such that
122. Statement -1 : The point A(3, 1, 6) is the mirror image of 2
the point B(1, 3, 4) in the plane x – y + z = 5.
1
Statement -2: The plane x – y + z = 5 bisects the line sin q = then the value of l is [2005]
segment oining A(3, 1, 6) and B(1, 3, 4). [2010] 3
(a) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true ; Statement -
5 -3
2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1. (a) (b)
3 5
(c) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true . 3 -4

(c) (d)
(d) Statement - 1 is true, Statement 2 is true ; Statement -2 4 3
is a correct explanation for Statement -1. 129. Distance between two parallel planes
x – 2 y –1 z + 2 2x + y + 2 = 8 and 4x + 2y +4 + 5 = 0 is [2004]
123. Let the line = = lie in the plane
3 –5 2 9 5
(a) (b)
x + 3y – a + b = 0. Then (a, b) equals [2009] 2 2
(a) (–6, 7) (b) (5, –15)
(c) (–5, 5) (d) (6, –17) 7 3
124. The line passing through the points (5, 1, a) and (3, b, 1) (c) (d)
2 2
æ 17 –13ö 130. Two system of rectangular axes have the same origin. If a
crosses the y-plane at the point çè 0, , ÷ . Then
2 2 ø plane cuts them at distances a, b, c and a' , b' , c ' from the
origin then [2003]
[2008]
(a) a = 2, b = 8 (b) a = 4, b = 6 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) + + - - - =0
(c) a = 6, b = 4 (d) a = 8, b = 2 a2 b2 c2 a'2 b' 2 c' 2
125. Let L be the line of intersection of the planes 2x + 3y + z =
1 and x + 3y + 2z = 2. If L makes an angle a with the 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b) + + + + + =0
positive x-axis, then cos a equals [2007] a2 b2 c2 a' 2 b' 2 c '2
1
(a) 1 (b) 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 (c) + - + + - =0
a2 b2 c2 a' 2 b' 2 c'2
1 1
(c) (d) . 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 (d) - - + - - =0.
a2 b2 c2 a' 2 b'2 c'2
126. The image of the point (–1, 3, 4) in the plane x - 2 y = 0
is 131. The d.r. of normal to the plane through (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0)
[2006] which makes an angle p /4 with plane
æ 17 19 ö x + y = 3 are [2002]
(a) ç - , - , 4 ÷ (b) (15,11, 4)
è 3 3 ø
(a) 1, 2 ,1 (b) 1, 1, 2
æ 17 19 ö
(c) ç - , - ,1÷ (d) None of these
è 3 3 ø (c) 1, 1, 2 (d) 2 , 1, 1
127. The distance between the line
ur 132. A plane which passes through the point (3, 2, 0) and the
r = 2i - 2 j + 3k + l(i - j + 4k ) and the plane
ur
r .(i + 5 j + k) = 5 is x-4 y -7 z -4
[2005] line = = is [2002]
10 1 5 4
10
(a) (b)
9 3 3 (a) x – y + z =1 (b) x + y + z = 5
3 10 (c) x + 2y – z = 1 (d) 2x – y + z = 5
(c) (d)
10 3

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136. The intersection of the spheres

Sphere and Miscellaneous Problems
TOPIC Ė on Sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 7 x - 2 y - z = 13 and
133. If (2, 3, 5) is one end of a diameter of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - 3x + 3 y + 4 z = 8 is the sa me as the

– 6x – 12y – 2z + 20 = 0, then the cooordinates of the other intersection of one of the sphere and the plane [2004]
end of the diameter are [2007]
(a) (4, 3, 5) (b) (4, 3, – 3) (a) 2 x - y - z = 1 (b) x - 2 y - z = 1
(c) (4, 9, – 3) (d) (4, –3, 3). (c) x - y - 2 z = 1 (d) x - y - z = 1
2 2
134. The plane x + 2y – z = 4 cuts the sphere x + y + z – x + 2 137. The radius of the circle in which the sphere
z – 2 = 0 in a circle of radius [2005] x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x - 2 y - 4 z - 19 = 0 is cut by the plane
(a) 3 (b) 1 x + 2 y + 2 z + 7 = 0 is [2003]
(c) 2 (d) 2 (a) 4 (b) 1

135. If the plane 2ax – 3ay + 4a + 6 = 0 passes through the (c) 2 (d) 3
midpoint of the line oining the centres of the spheres 138. The shortest distance from the plane 12x + 4 y + 3z = 327
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6 x - 8 y - 2 z = 13 and to the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 4 x - 2 y - 6 z = 155 is
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - 10 x + 4 y - 2 z = 8 then a equals [2005] [2003]
(a) 39 (b) 26
(a) – 1 (b) 1
(c) – 2 (d) 2 4
(c) 11 (d) 13.
13

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M-500 Mathematics
x y -1 z + 1 1 uuur uuur
1. (c) Given, = = = p (let) and point P (b, 0, b) Area of triangle = ´ BC ´ AD
1 0 -1 2
Any point on line A = (p, 1, – p – 1)
1 2 34
Now, DR of AP a” = ´5´ = 34 [aBC = 5]
2 5
Which is perpendicular to line.
3. (a) Here, P, Q, R are collinear
\ (p – b) 1 + 0.1 – 1 (– p – 1 – b) = 0 uuur uuur
\ PR = l PQ
-1
Þp–b+p+1+b=0Þp=
2 2i + ( y + 3) j + ( z - 4)k = l[6i + 3 j + 6k]
æ -1 1ö Þ 6l = 2, y + 3 = 3l, – 4 = 6l
\ Point A ç ,1 - ÷
è 2 2ø 1
Þl= , y = -2, z = 6
3
3 3
Given that distance AP = Þ AP2 = \ Point R (4, – 2, 6)
2 2
2 2 2
Now, OR = (4)2 + (-2)2 + (6)2 = 56 = 2 14
æ 1ö æ 1ö 3 æ 1ö 1 r r
Þ ç b + ÷ + 1 + ç b + ÷ = or 2 ç b + ÷ = 4. (b) Let v1 and v2 be the vectors perpendicular to the
è 2 ø è 2 ø 2 è 2 ø 2
plane OPQ and PQR respectively.
2
æ 1ö 1
Þ ç b + ÷ = Þ b = 0, -1,(b ¹ 0) i j k
è 2 ø 4 uuur uuur
r PQ ´ OQ = 1 2 1
\ b = –1 v1 =
2 1 3
2. (d) Let a point D on BC = (3l – 2, 1, 4l)
uuur
AD = ( 3l - 3) i + 2 j + ( 4l - 2 ) k = 5i – j – 3k
uuur uuur uuur uuur
Q AD ^ BC , \ AD . BC = 0
i j k
uuur uuur
Þ ( 3l - 3) + 3 + 2 ( 0 ) + ( 4l - 2 ) 4 = 0 Þ l =
17 r PQ ´ PR = 1 -1 2
v2 =
25 - 2 -1 1
A(1 –1 2)
= i - 5 j - 3k
B r r
v1 × v2 5 + 5 + 9 19
Q cos q = | vr | | vr | = =
1 2 25 + 1 + 9 35
ᔴ -1 æ 19 ö
x + 2 y -1 z \ q = cos çè ÷ø
= = 35
3 0 4
æ 1 68 ö 5. (c) C B (5, –1, 4)

Hence, D = ç , 1, ÷
è 25 25 ø
uuur æ 1 ö
2
2 æ 68 ö
2
AD = ç - 1÷ + ( 2 ) + ç - 2 ÷ A (4, –1, 3)
è 25 ø è 25 ø A¢ B¢
=
( 24 )2 + 4 ( 25)2 + (18)2 =
3400 2 34
=
25 25 5

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($i + $ + k$ ) =
8. (c) Given, l + m + n = 0 and l 2 = m2 + n2
= ( $i + k$ ) .
2 Now, (–m –n)2 = m2 + n2
AC = AB.AC
3 3 Þ mn = 0 Þ m = 0 or n = 0
If m = 0 then l = –n
2 2 4 2
Now, A'B' = BC = AB - AC = 2 - = 1
3 3 We know l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1 Þ n = ±
2
2
\ Length of proection = æ 1 1 ö
3 i.e. (l1, m1, n1) = ç - , 0, ÷
è 2 2ø
6. (b) Given If n = 0 then l = –m
l + 3m + 5n = 0 (1) l 2 + m2 + n2 = 1 Þ 2m2 = 1
and 5lm – 2mn + 6nl = 0 (2) 1
From eq. (1) we have Þ m=±

2
l = – 3m – 5n
1
Put the value of l in eq. (2), we get; Let m =
5 (– 3m – 5n) m – 2mn + 6n (– 3m – 5n) = 0 2
Þ 15m2 + 45mn + 30n2 = 0 Þ l=-
1
and n = 0
Þ m2 + 3mn + 2n2 = 0 2
Þ m2 + 2mn + mn + 2n2 = 0
æ 1 1 ö
Þ (m + n) (m + 2n) = 0 (l2, m2, n2 ) = ç - , , 0÷
\ m = – n or m = – 2n è 2 2 ø
For m = – n, l = – 2n 1 p
\ cos q = Þ q =
And for m = – 2n, l = n 2 3
\ (l, m, n) = (– 2n, – n, n) Or (l, m, n) = (n, – 2n, n) 9. (c) If D be the mid-point of BC, then
Þ (l, m, n) = (– 2, – 1, 1) Or (l, m, n) = (1, – 2, 1)
Therefore, angle between the lines is given as: æ l -1 m + 2ö
D= ç , 4, ÷
(-2) (1) + (- 1) . (- 2) + (1) (1) è 2 2 ø
cos (q) =
6. 6 A (2, 3, 5)
1 æ1ö
Þ cos (q) = Þ q = cos–1 ç ÷
6 è6ø
l -1 m+2
7. (b) DR's of AD are – 2, 4 – 3, –5
2 2
l -5 m -8 B C
i.e. ,1, D
2 2 (–1, 3, 2) (l , 5, µ)
Q This median is making equal angles with coordinate
axes, therefore, l -5 m -8
Direction ratios of AD are , 1,
2 2
A (2,3,5) Since median AD is equally inclined with coordinate
axes, therefore direction ratios of AD will be equal, i.e,
2
æ l - 5ö
çè ÷
2 ø =
1
2 2
æ l - 5ö æ m - 8ö
2 2
æ l - 5ö æ m - 8ö
÷ + 1 + çè
B C
çè ÷ + 1 + çè ÷ çè
2 ø 2 ø
÷
(–1,3,2) (l ,5,m) 2 ø 2 ø
æ l - 1 m + 2ö
çè , 4, ÷
2 2 ø 2
æ m - 8ö
çè ÷
l -5 m -8 2 ø
=1= = 2 2
2 2 æ l - 5ö æ m - 8ö
Þ l = 7 & m = 10 çè ÷ + 1 + çè ÷
2 ø 2 ø
\ l3 + m3 = 5 = 1348

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2 2 Þ l = 7 and m = 10
æ l - 5ö æ m - 8ö (b) Length of the line segment
Þ ç =1 = ç 12.
è 2 ÷ø è 2 ÷ø
Þ l = 7, 3 and µ = 10, 6 = (2)2 + (3)2 + (6)2 = 7
If l = 7 and µ = 10 13. (c) Let l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 be the d.c of line 1 and 2
respectively, then as given
l 7 l1 + m1 + n1 = 0
Then = Þ 10l - 7m = 0
m 10 and l2 + m2 + n2 = 0
10. (c) It makes q with x and y-axes. and l12 + m12 – n12 = 0 and
l = cosq, m = cosq, n = cos (p – 2q)
we have l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 l22 + m22 – n22 = 0
Þ cos2q + cos2q + cos2 (p – 2q) = 1 (Q l + m + n = 0 and l2 + m2 – n2= 0)
Þ 2 cos2q + (–cos2q)2 = 1 Angle between lines, q is
Þ 2 cos2q – 1 + cos22q = 0
cos q = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 ...(1)
Þ cos2q – [1 + cos2q] = 0 2 2 2
Þ cos 2q = 0 or cos2q = – 1 As given l + m = n and l + m = – n
Þ 2q = p/2 or 2q = p Þ (– n)2 – 2lm = n2 Þ 2lm = 0 or lm = 0
p So l1m1 = 0, l2m2 = 0
Þ q = p/4 or q =
2 If l1 = 0, m1 ¹ 0 then l1m2 = 0
ép pù If m1 = 0, l1 ¹ 0 then l2m1 = 0
Þq= ê , ú If l2 = 0, m2 ¹ 0 then l2m1 = 0
ë 4 2û
11. (c) Since AD is the median If m2 = 0, l2 ¹ 0 then l1m2 = 0
Also l1l2 = 0 and m1m2 = 0
A (2, 3, 5) l2 + m2 – n2 = l2 + m2 + n2 – 2n2 = 0
1
Þ 1 – 2n2 = 0 Þ n = ±
2
1 1
\ n1 = ± , n2 = ±
2 2
1
\ cos q = Þ q = 60 (acute angle)
2
14. (b) As per question, direction cosines of the line :
1 , -1 ,
l = cos 45° = m = cos120° = n = cos q
B C 2 2
D
(–1, 3, 2) (l, 5, m) where q is the angle, which line makes with positive
z-axis.
We know that, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
æ l -1 m+2ö
\ D=ç , 4, ÷ 1 1
è 2 2 ø Þ + + cos 2 q = 1
2 4
Now, dR’s of AD is 1
cos 2 q =
æ l -1 ö l -5 4
a =ç - 2÷ =
è 2 ø 2 1 p
Þ cos q = = cos (q being acute)
2 2
m+2 m -8 p
b = 4 – 3 = 1, c = -5 = Þ q=
2 2 3
Also, a, b, c are dR’s 15. (b) Let P (x1, y1, z1) and Q (x2, y2, z2) be the initial and final
\ a = kl, b = km, c = kn where l = m = n
points of the vector whose proections on the three
and l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
coordinate axes are 6, – 3, 2 then
1 x2 – x1, = 6 ; y2 – y1 = – 3 ; z2 – z1 = 2
Þ l=m=n= uuur
3 So that direction ratios of PQ are 6, – 3, 2
Now, a = 1, b = 1 and c = 1 uuur
\ Direction cosines of PQ are

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6
,
-3
, \ The required line is, x - 1 = y - 1 = z - 2
2
6 + ( - 3) + 2 2 2 2 2
6 + ( - 3) + 2 2 2 2 1
x +1 y - 3 z
2 6 –3 2
19. (a) = = =l
= , , 2 -2 -1
6 2 + ( - 3)2 + 22 7 7 7
Any point on line = Q(2l - 1, - 2l + 3, - l)
16. (b) Let the line makes an angle q with the positive
3)
p 2, –
direction of z-axis. Given that lines makes angle with x- (1,
P L
4
axis and y-axis. Q
p p x+1 y - 3 z
\ l = cos , m = cos , n = cos q = =
-2 -1
4 4 2
We know that, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 R
p p
\ cos2 + cos2 + cos2q = 1 \ D.r. of PQ = [2l - 2, - 2l + 1, - l + 3]
4 4
D.r. of given line = [2, –2, –1]
1 1
Þ + + cos2q = 1 Q PQ is perpendicular to line L
2 2
p \ 2(2l - 2) - 2(-2l + 1) - 1( -l + 3) = 0
Þ cos2q = 0 Þ q =
2 Þ 4l - 4 + 4l - 2 + l - 3 = 0
p
Hence, angle with positive direction of the z-axis is . Þ 9l - 9 = 0 Þ l = 1
2
17. (c) As per question the direction cosines of the line are Q Q is mid point of PR = Q = (1, 1, –1)
\ Coordinate of image R = (1, 0, 1) = (a, b, c)
cos q, cos b, cos q
\ a + b + c = 2.
\ cos 2 q + cos 2 b + cos 2 q = 1
r
Q 2cos2 q = 1 – cos2 q 20. (a) L1 º r = (i - j ) + l(2i + k)
Þ 2cos 2 q = sin 2 b = 3sin 2 q (given) r
L2 º r = (2i - j ) + m (i + j - k)
Þ 2 cos 2 q = 3 - 3cos 2 q
Equating coeff. of i, j and k of L1 and L2
2 3
\ cos q = 2l + 1 = m + 2 ...(i)
5
18. (c) -1 = -1 + m Þ m = 0 ...(ii)
y
l =–m ...(iii)
B(0, b , 0)
Þ m = l = 0 which is not satisfy eqn. (i) hence lines do
G(1, 1, 2)
not intersect for any value of l and m.
A(a , 0, 0) uuur
21. (c) AB = 6$i + 15 $j + 3k$
x
ur
p = $i + 4 $j + 22k$
r
C(0, 0, g ) q = $i + $j + 7k$
z
i j k
r r
\ a = 3, b = 3 and g = 6 as G is centroid. p ´ q = 1 4 22 = 6$i + 15 $j - 3k$
\ The equation of plane is 1 1 7
Shortest distance between the lines is
x y z uuur r r
+ + =1
a b g | AB.( p ´ q ) | | 36 + 225 + 9 |
= r r = = 3 30
| p´q | 36 + 225 + 9
x y z
Þ + + = 1 Þ 2x + 2 y + z = 6
3 3 6

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22. (4) Since, PQ is perpendicular to L DR’s of TP µ to 10l – 5, – 7l + 3, l – 4

Q TP and given line are perpendicular, so
10(10l – 5) – 7(– 7l + 3) + 1(l – 4) = 0
1
Þ l=
2
Þ TP = (10l - 5) 2 + ( - 7l + 3) 2 +(l - 4) 2
1 49
= 0+ + = 12.5 = 3.54
4 4
æ 5 öæ 5 ö æ -7 öæ 7ö
ç 1 - 3 ÷ç a - 3 ÷ + ç 3 ÷ç 7 - 3 ÷
Hence, the length of perpendicular is greater than 3 but
\
è øè ø è øè ø
less than 4.
æ 17 öæ 17 ö 25. (a) Let the coordinate of P with respect to line
+ ç 3 - ÷ç1 - ÷ = 0
è 3 øè 3ø
-2a 10 98 112
Þ + - + =0
3 9 9 9
2a 24
Þ = Þ a=4
3 9
, l) x – 3 y +1 z – 6
23. (b) 1, –l –1 = = =l
P (2l + P 1 3 –1
<1, 1, 1> x +5 y – 2 z –3
= = =m
d.r's of normal to 7 –6 4
x+y+z=3 L1 = (l + 3, 3l – 1, –l + 6)
and coordinate of P w.r.t.
Q line L2 = (7m – 5, –6m + 2, 4m + 3)
(a, b, g)
\ l – 7m = –8, 3l + 6m = 3, l + 4m = 3
Let co-ordinates of Q be (a, b, g), then
From above equation : l = –1, m = 1
a + b + g = 3...(i)
\ Coordinate of point of intersection R = (2, –4, 7).
a – b + g = 3...(ii)
Image of R w.r.t. xy plane = (2, –4, –7).
Þ a + g = 3 and b = 0
26. (d) First line is: x = ay + b, z = cy + d
Equating direction ratio’s of PQ, we get
a - 2l - 1 l + 1 g - l x-b y z-d
= = = =
a 1 c
1 1 1
Þ a = 3l + 2, g = 2l + 1 and another line is: x = a¢z + b¢, y = c¢z + d¢
Substituting the values of a and g in equation (i), we get x - b¢ y - d ¢ z
Þ = =
Þ 5l + 3 = 3 Þ l = 0 a¢ c¢ 1
Hence, point is Q (2, 0, 1) Q Both lines are perpendicular to each other
24. (a) Let P be the foot of perpendicular from point \ aa¢ + c¢ + c = 0
T (2, – 1, 4) on the given line. So P can be assumed as P 27. (d) Let q be the angle between the two lines
(10l – 3, – 7l + 2, l) Here direction cosines of
x y z
= = are 2, 2, 1
2 2 1
T (2, –1, )
Also second line can be written as:
x–5 y–2 z–3
= =
2 P 4
P(10l - 3, - 7l + 2, l ) 7

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P x2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1
\ its direction cosines are 2, , 4
7
a1 b1 c1
2 a2 b2 c2
Also, cos q = (Given)
3 (b1c2 - b2 c1 )2 + (c1a2 - c2 a1 )2 + (a1b2 - a2 b1 )2
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2

Q cosq =
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22 \ The shortest distance between given lines are
-2 4 5
2 2 1
( 2 ´ 2 ) + æç 2 ´
Pö
÷ + (1 ´ 4 ) -1 8 4
2
Þ = è 7ø
3 P2 (8 - 8)2 + ( -1 - 8)2 + (16 + 2) 2
22 + 22 + 12 22 + + 42
49
2P 0 - 36 + 90 54
4+ +4 = = = 2.68
= 7 405 20.1
P2 30. (b) Let equation of the required line be
3 ´ 22 + + 42
49 x - x1 y - y1 z - z1
= = ...(i)
a b c
2 Given two lines
æ Pö P2 8P P 2 P2
Þ ç 4 + ÷ = 20 + Þ 16 + + = 20 + x y z
è 7ø 49 7 49 49 = = ...(ii)
1 -1 1
8P 7 x -1 y +1 z
Þ =4 Þ P= and = = ...(iii)
7 2 0 0 1
Since the line (i) is perpendicular to both the lines (ii)
28. (c) Lines are coplanar and (iii), therefore
a– b+c=0 ...(iv)
3 -1 2- 2 1 - (-3) –2b + c = 0 ...(v)
From (iv) and (v) c = 2b and a + b = 0, which are not
1 2 l2 =0
satisfy by options (c) and (d). Hence options (c) and (d)
2
1 l 2 are reected.
Thus point (x1, y1, z1) on the required line will be either
(0, 0, 0) or (1, –1, 0).
2 0 4 Now foot of the perpendicular from point (0, 0, 0) to the
line (iii)
Þ 1 2 l2 = 0
= (1, –2r – 1, r)
1 l2 2
(0, 0, 0)
(ii)
Þ 2(4 – l4) + 4(l2 – 2) = 0
Þ 4 – l4 + 2l2 – 4 = 0 Þ l2 (l2 – 2) = 0
Þ l = 0, 2, - 2 (iii)
29. (b) Shortest distance between two lines
(1, – 1 , 0)
x - x1 y - y1 z - z1
= = and
a1 b1 c1 The direction ratios of the line oining the points
x - x2 (0, 0, 0) and (1, –2r – 1, r) are 1, – 2r – 1, r
y - y2 z - z2
= = is given by,, Since sum of the x and y-coordinate of direction ratio of
a2 b2 c2 the required line is 0.

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\ 1 – 2r – 1 = 0, Þ r = 0 r
a2 = 3i + kj , b2 = i + 2 j + k
Hence direction ratio are 1, – 1, 0
Given lies are intersect if
But the -direction ratio of the required line is twice the r r r r
y-direction ratio of the required line (a2 - a1 ) × (b1 ´ b2 )
r r =0
i.e. 0 = 2 (–1), which is not true. | b1 || b2 |
Hence the shortest line does not pass through the point r r r r
Þ (a2 - a1 ) × (b1 ´ b2 ) = 0
(0, 0, 0). Therefore option (a) is also reected.
31. (c) Given lines will be coplanar 2 k + 1 -1
-1 1 1 Þ 2 3 4 =0
If 1 1 - k = 0 1 2 1
k 2 1 Þ 2 (3 – 8) – (k + 1) (2 – 4) – 1 (4 – 3) = 0
Þ –1(1 + 2k) – (1 + k2) + 1(2 – k) = 0 Þ 2 (–5) – ( k +1) (–2) – 1 (1) = 0

Þ k = 0, –3 Þ – 10 + 2k + 2 – 1 = 0 Þ k = 9
32. (d) For L1, 2
x - ( l - 1) 35. (c) Point is (–1, 2, 6)
x = l y + ( l - 1) Þ y = ...(i) Line passes through the point (2, 3, –4) parallel to vector
l
whose direction ratios is 6, 3, – 4.
z- l x-2 y-3 z+4
z = ( l - 1) y + l Þ y = ...(ii) = = =l
l -1 Equation is
6 3 -4
From (i) and (ii) Any point on this line is given by x = 6 l + 2,
x - ( l - 1) y-0 z- l
y = 3l + 3, z = – 4l – 4
= = ...(A) Now, d.Rs of line passing through (–1, 2, 6) and ^ to
l 1 l -1 this line is
The equation (A) is the equation of line L1. {(x + 1), (y – 2), (z – 6)}
Similarly equation of line L2 is So, 6 (x + 1) + 3 (y – 2) – 4 (z – 6) = 0
x - (1 - m ) y-0 z- m Þ 6x + 3y – 4z + 24 = 0
= = ...(B) Now, 6 (6l + 2) + 3 (3l + 3) + 4 (4l + 4) + 24 = 0
m 1 1- m
Þ 61l + 61 = 0 Þ l = – 1
Since L1 ^ L2 , therefore So, x = – 4, y = 0, z = 0
l m + 1´ 1 + ( l - 1) (1 - µ) = 0 Now, distance between (–1, 2, 6) and (– 4, 0, 0) is
9 + 4 + 36 = 49 = 7
Þ l + m =0 Þ l =- m
Þ l=m 36. (c) On solving we will get shortest distance ¹ 2
33. (a) Two given planes are coplanar, if 37. (d) Let the equation of AB is
-2 - (-1) k -1 0 - (-1)
x –1 y – (–1) z – ( -10)
2 1 3 =0 = = =k
2 3 4 2 –3 8
Let L be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from
-1 k -1 1 P(1, 0, 0).
Þ 2 1 3 =0
2 3 4 P(1, 0, 0)
Þ (– 1) (4 – 9) – (k – 1) (8 – 6) + 6 – 2 = 0
11
Þk=
2
x -1 y +1 z -1
34. (c) Given lines are = = A L B
2 3 4
x-3 y-k z \ L = (2k + 1, –3k – 1, 8k – 10).
and = =
1 2 1 Now, direction ratio of PL = (2k, – 3k – 1, 8k – 10) and
r
\ a = i - j + k ,
1 b1 = 2i + 3 j + 4k direction ratio of AB = (2, – 3, 8)

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Since, PL is perpendicular to AB r r r r
Þ (a2 – a1 ) × b1 ´ b2 = 0
\ 2(2k) – 3(–3k – 1) + 8(8k – 10) = 0 r r
where a1 = i + 2 j + 3k , b1 = ki + 2 j + 3k
2(1 - 1) + (–3)(0 + 1) + 8(0 + 10) r
Now, k = a2 = 2i + 3 j + k , b2 = 3i + kj + 2k
(2) 2 + (–3) 2 + (8) 2
1 1 –2
0 – 3 + 80 77
= = =1 Þ k 2 3 =0
4 + 9 + 64 77
3 k 2
\ Required co-ordinate = L = (2 + 1, –3 – 1, 8 – 10)
Þ 1(4 –3k) –1(2k – 9) – 2(k2– 6) = 0
= (3, – 4, –2).
5
x y -2 z-3 Þ –2k2 – 5k + 25 = 0 Þ k = –5 or
38. (c) Any point on line = = = a is 2
2 3 4
Q k is an integer, therefore k = –5
( 2a, 3a + 2, 4a + 3) 1 1 1
42. (c) a, b, c are in H.P. Þ , , are in A.P..
Þ Direction ratio of the ^ line is a b c
2a - 3,3a + 3, 4a - 8. and 2 1 1 1 2 1
Direction ratio of the given line are 2, 3, 4 Þ = + Þ - + =0
b a c a b c
Þ 2 ( 2α –3) +3 (3α + 3) +4 (4α – 8) =0
x y 1
Þ 29a - 29 = 0 \ + + = 0 passes through (1, –2)
a a c
Þ a =1
43. (b) The given lines are 2 x = 3 y = - z
Þ Foot of ^ is (2, 5, 7)
x y z
or = = [Dividing by 6]
Þ Length ^ is 12 + 6 2 + 42 = 53 3 2 -6
39. (a) The direction ratio of the line segment AB is 0, 6, –4 and 6x = –y = –4z
and the direction ratio of the given line is 1, 2, 3. x y z
or = = [Dividing by 12]
Clearly 1 × 0 + 2 × 6 + 3 × (–4) = 0 2 -12 -3
So, the given line is perpendicular to line AB. \ Angle between two lines is
Also , the mid point of A and B is (1, 3, 5) which satisfy the
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
given line. cos q =
So, the image of B in the given line is A statement-1 and 2 a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
3.2 + 2.( -12) + ( -6) . ( -3)
both true but 2 is not correct explanation. of 1.
b cos q =
40. (c) Slope of line L = - 32 + 22 + ( -6)
2
2 2 + ( -12 ) + ( -3)
2 2
5
3 6 - 24 + 18
Slope of line K = - = = 0 Þ q = 90o
c 49 157
Line L is parallel to line k. 44. (d) The given lines are
b 3 y + 3 z -1
Þ = Þ bc = 15 x -1 = = =s ....(1)
5 c -l l
(13, 32) is a point on L. z-2
and 2 x = y - 1 = =t ....(2)
\
13 32
+ =1 Þ
32
=-
8 -1
5 b b 5 The lines are coplanar, if
3
Þ b = -20 Þ c = - 0 - 1 1 - ( -3) 2 - 1
4
Equation of K : 1 -l l =0
y - 4 x = 3 Þ 4x - y + 3 = 0 1
1 -1
52 - 32 + 3 23 2
Distance between L and K = =
17 17
41. (a) When the two lines intersect then shortest distance -1 4 1
between them is ero i.e. Þ 1 -l l =0
r r r r
(a2 – a1 ) × b1 ´ b2 1
r r =0 1 -1
b1 ´ b2 2

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-1 5 1 i j k
r
Apply c2 ® c2 + c3 ; 1 0 l =0 b2 = 1 1 1 = 2i + j - 3k
1 2 -1 1
0 -1
2
æ lö Put y = 0, we get x = –2 and z = 1
Þ -5 ç -1 - ÷ = 0 Þ l = -2
è 2ø L2 : r = (-2i + k) + l (2i + j - 3k) and
45. (b) Let a point on the line x = y + a = z = l is
L1 : r = (i - j ) + m (- j + k) (Given)
(l, l - a, l ) and a point on the line
æ m mö Now, b1 ´ b2 = -2[i + j + k] and a2 - a1 = -3i + j + k

x + a = 2y = 2z = m is ç m - a, , ÷ , then Direction ratio
è 2 2ø 1
\ Shortest distance =
of the line oining these points are 3
49. (b) Since, lince are coplanar
m m
l - m + a, l - a - ,l- 1 3 2
2 2
If it respresents the required line whose d × r. be 2, 1, 2, \ 2 -1 1 =0
then a 5-a 1
m m
l-a- l- Þ 1(-1 - 5 + a ) - 3(2 - a ) + 2(10 - 2a + a) = 0
l-m+a 2 = 2
=
2 1 2 \a = -4
on solving we get l = 3a, m = 2a
x + 2 y + 1 z +1
\ The required points of intersection are \ Equation of L2 : = =
-4 9 1
æ 2a 2a ö \ Point (2, –10, –2) lies on line L2.
(3a, 3a-a,3a) and çè 2a - a, , ÷ø
2 2 50. (3.00)
or (3a, 2a,3a) and (a,a,a) Equation of plane P is
46. (d) Two planes are coplanar if ( x + 4 y - z + 7) + l (3x + y + 5z - 8) = 0
x2 - x1 y2 - y1 z2 - z1 Þ x (1 + 3l ) + y (4 + l ) + z ( -1 + 5l ) + (7 - 8l) = 0
l1 m1 n1 =0
1 + 3l 4 + l 5l - 1 7 - 8l
l2 m2 n2 Þ = = =
a b 6 -15
1 -1 -1 From last two ratios, l = -1
1 1 -k = 0 -2 3
k 2 1 Þ = = -1
a b
Applying C2 ® C2 + C1, C3 ® C3 + C1
\ a = 2, b = -3
1 0 0
\ Equation of plane is, 2 x - 3 y + 6 z - 15 = 0
1 2 1- k
Þ =0
k k + 2 1+ k | 6 - 6 - 6 - 15 | 21
Distance = = = 3.
Þ 1[2 + 2k – (k + 2)(1 – k)] = 0 7 7
Þ 2 + 2k – (–k2 – k + 2) = 0 51. (b) Equation of line through point P (1, – 2, 3) and parallel
k2 + 3k = 0 Þ k(k + 3) = 0 x y z
to the line = = is
or k = 0 or –3 2 3 -6
x - b y z - d x - b' y z - d ' x -1 y + 2 z - 3
47. (a) = = ; = = . = = =l
a 1 c a' 1 c' 2 3 -6
For perpendicularity of lines,
So, any point on line = Q (2l + 1, 3l - 2, - 6l + 3)
aa'+1 + cc' = 0
Since, this point lies on plane x - y + 2 = 5
48. (b) For line of intersection of planes x + y + z + 1 = 0 and
2x – y + z + 3 = 0 : 1
\ 2 l + 1 - 3l + 2 - 6 l + 3 = 5 Þ l =
7

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æ 9 11 15 ö 4 1 2
\ Point of intersection line and plane, Q = ç , , ÷ \x = , y = - , z =
è7 7 7 ø 3 3 3
\ Required distance PQ 4 1 2 5
a+b+g = - + =
2 2 2
3 3 3 3
æ9 ö æ 11 ö æ 15 ö
= ç - 1÷ + ç - + 2÷ + ç - 3÷ = 1 5
è7 ø è 7 ø è7 ø \ 3(a + b + g ) = 3 ´ = 5.
3
52. (a) Equation of line through points (1, – 2, 3) and (1, 1, 0) 55. (b) Let plane passes through (2, 1, 2) be
is
a( x - 2) + b( y - 1) + ( z - 2) = 0
P(4, 2, 3) It also passes through (1, 2, 1)
\ -a + b - c = 0 Þ a - b + c = 0
The given line is

x y z -1
= = is parallel to plane
3 2 0
A(1, –2, 3) M B(1, 1, 0) \ 3a + 2b + c(0) = 0
x -1 y - 1 z - 0 Þ
a
=
b
=
c
= = (=l say) 0-2 3-0 2+3
0 -3 3-0
\ M (1, - l + 1, l ) a b c
Þ = =
Direction ratios of PM = [– 3, – l – 1, l – 3] 2 -3 2 + 3
Q PM ^ AB a b c
Þ = =
\ (-3) × 0 + (-1 - l )(-1) + (l - 3) × 1 = 0 2 -3 -5
\l =1 \ plane is 2 x - 4 - 3 y + 3 - 5z + 10 = 0
\ Foot of perpendicular = (1, 0, 1) Þ 2x - 3 y - 5z + 9 = 0
This point satisfy the plane 2x + y – z = 1. The plane satisfies the point (– 2, 0, 1).
53. (c) Direction ratios of normal to the plane are <1, –3, 2>. 56. (a) Q Plane contains two lines
Plane passes through (3, 1, 1).
Equation of plane is, i j k
r
1( x - 3) - 3( y - 1) + 2( z - 1) = 0 \ n = 1 -2 2
Þ x - 3 y + 2z - 2 = 0 2 3 -1
54. (5) = i(2 - 6) - j ( -1 - 4) + k(3 + 4)
i j k = -4i + 5 j + 7k
Normal of plane = 1 1 0
So, equation of plane is
0 1 -1
-4( x - 3) + 5( y - 1) + 7( z - 1) = 0
r
n = -i + j + k Þ -4 x + 12 + 5 y - 5 + 7 z - 7 = 0
Direction ratios of normal to the plane = <–1, 1, 1> Þ -4 x + 5 y + 7 z = 0
Equation of plane
This also passes through (a, –3, 5)
-1( x - 1) + 1( y - 0) + 1( z - 0) = 0
So, -4a - 15 + 35 = 0
Þ x - y - z -1 = 0
Þ -4a = -20 Þ a = 5.
If (x, y, z) is foot of perpendicular of M(1, 0, 1) on the plane
then 1 4 -2
x - 1 y - 0 z - 1 -(1 - 0 - 1 - 1) 57. (b) D = 0 Þ 1 7 -5 = 0
Þ = = =
1 -1 -1 3 1 5 a

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Þ (7a + 25) – (4a + 10) + (– 20 + 14) = 0 \ 6l + 4 + 6l – 3 + l – 1 + 13 = 0

Þ 3a + 9 = 0 Þ a = – 3 Þ 13l = – 13 Þ l = – 1
1 4 1 Hence, P (– 1, – 3, 2)
Also, Dz = 0 Þ 1 7 b = 0 Similarly, Q lies on 3x + y + 4z = 16
1 5 5 \ 9µ + 6 + 2µ – 1 – 4µ + 4 = 16
Þ 7µ = 7 Þ µ = 1
Þ 1(35 – 5b) – (15) + 1 (4b – 7) = 0 Þ b = 13
Hence, Q is (5, 1, 0)
Hence, a + b = – 3 + 13 = 10
Now, PQ = 36 + 16 + 4 = 56 = 2 14
x +1 y - 3 z +1
58. (3) Since, the line = = contains the point 62. (d) The equations of angle bisectors are,
2 4 3
x + 2 y + 2z - 2 2 x - y + 2z - 4
x + 3 y + 2 z -1 =±
(–1, 3, – 1) and line = = contains the point 3 3

2 6 l
Þ x – 3y – 2 = 0
(–3, –2, 1). or 3x + y + 4z – 6 = 0
Then, the distance between the plane (2, – 4, 1) lies on the second plane.
63. (c) The equation of plane containing two given lines is,
23x – 10y – 2z + 48 = 0 and the plane containing the lines
x -1 y - 1 z
= perpendicular distance of plane
1 2 -1
=0
23x – 10y –2z + 48 = 0 either from (–1, 3, –1) or (–3, –2, 1). -1 1 -2
On expanding, we get x – y – z = 0
23(-1) - 10(3) - 2(-1) 3
= = Now, the length of perpendicular from (2, 1, 4) to this
(23)2 + (10)2 + (-2) 2 633 plane
It is given that distance between the planes 2 -1- 4

= = 3
12 + 12 + 12
k k 3
= Þ = Þ k =3 64. (c) Image of Q (0, –1, –3) in plane is,
633 633 633
( x - 0) ( y + 1) z + 3 -2(1 - 12 - 2)
r -7 -4 -1 = = = =1
59. (b) n= - 1, - 2, - 3 3 -1 +4 9 + 1 + 16
3 3 3
Þ x = 3, y = – 2, z = 1
r 10 10 10
n= , , Þ P (3, – 2, 1), Q (0, –1, –3), R (3, – 1, – 2)
3 3 3
\ Area of DPQR is
D.r of normal to the plane (1, 1, 1)
æ -2 1 4 ö i j k
Midpoint of P and Q is ç , , ÷ 1 ® ® 1
è 3 3 3ø | Q P ´ Q R | = 3 -1 4
2 2
\ Equation of required plane Q 3 0 1
rr rr
r .n = a.n
1
r -2 1 4 = |{i (-1) - j(3 - 12) + k(3)}|
r .($i + $j + k$ ) = + + 2
3 3 3
\ Equation of plane is x + y + z = 1 1 91
= (1 + 81 + 9) =
60. (b) Equation of plane is x + y – 2z = 3 2 2
x - 2 y - 1 z - 6 -2(2 + 1 - 12 - 3) 65. (d) Let, P1 : 2x – y + 2z + 3 = 0
Þ = = =
1 1 -2 6 l
P2 : 2x – y + 2z + =0
Þ (x, y, z) = (6, 5, – 2) 2
61. (d) Let points P (3l + 2, 2l – 1, – l + 1) and P3 : 2x – y + 2z + m = 0
Q (3µ + 2, 2µ – 1, – µ + 1)
1
QP lies on 2x + 3y – z + 13 = 0 Given, distance between P1 and P2 is
3

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l
Q This plane passes through the point (1, 1, 0) then (2
3-
1 2 Þ 3 - l = 1 Þ l max = 8 – 1 – 4) + l(1 + 0 – 4) = 0
= 2 Þl=–1
3 9
Then, equation of required plane is,
2 (2x – y – 4) – (y + 2z – 4) = 0
And distance between P1 and P3 is
3 Þ 2x – 2y – 2z = 0 Þ x – y – z = 0
2 | m -3| 70. (d) Equation of the plane passing through the line of
= Þ mmax = 5
3 9 intersection of x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 5 is
Þ (l + m)max = 13 (2x + 3y + 4z – 5) + l (x + y + z – 1) = 0
66. (c) Let point on line be P (2k + 1, 3k – 1, 4k + 2) Þ (2 + l) x + (3 + l) y + (4 + l) z + (– 5 – l) = 0 ...(i)
Since, point P lies on the plane x + 2y + 3 = 15 Q plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane x – y + z = 0
\ 2k + 1 + 6k – 2 + 12k + 6 = 15 \ (2 + l) (1) + (3 + l) (– 1) + (4 + l) (1) = 0

1 2+ l–3–l + 4+ l=0 Þl =–3
Þk =
2 Hence, equation of required plane is
– x + z – 2 = 0 or x – z + 2 = 0
æ 1 ö
\ P º ç 2, , 4 ÷ Þ r .(i - k) + 2 = 0
è 2 ø
Then the distance of the point P from the origin is 71. (b) Q plane containing both lines.
1 9 i j k
OP = 4 + + 16 =
4 2 3 5 7 = 7i - 14 j + 7 k
\ D.R. of plane =
67. (d) Let the required plane passing through the points 1 4 7
x y z
(0, –1, 0) and (0, 0, 1) be + + = 1 and the given Now, equation of plane is,
l -1 1
plane is y – + 5 = 0 7(x – 1) – 14(y – 4) + 7 (z + 4) = 0
Þ x – 1 – 2y + 8 + z + 4 = 0
p -1 - 1
\ cos = Þ x – 2y + z + 11 = 0
4 æ 1 ö
ç 2 + 1 + 1÷ 2 Hence, distance from (0, 0, 0) to the plane,
èl ø
11 11
1 1 = =
Þ l2 = Þ =± 2 1+ 4 + 1 6
2 l
72. (a) Let angle between line and plane is q, then
Then, the equation of plane is
r r
± 2x - y + z = 1 b ×n
r
sin q = b × nr
Then the point ( 2,1, 4) satisfies the equation of plane
68. (d) Let the plane be
(2i + j - 2k) × (i - 2 j - Kk)
P º (2x + 3y + z + 5) + l(x + y + z – 6) = 0 =
Q above plane is perpendicular to xy plane. 9 × 1+ 4 + K 2
\ ( ( 2 + l ) i + ( 3 + l ) j + (1 + l ) k ) . k = 0 Þ l = -1 2 - 2 _ 2K 2 |K |
= =
Hence, the equation of the plane is, 3 5+ K 2 3 4 + K2
P º x + 2y + 11 = 0
2 2 1
Distance of the plane P from (0, 0, 256) Since, cos q = Þ sin q =
3 3
0 + 0 + 11 11
= 2 |K| 1
5 5 Then, = Þ 4K2 = 5 + K2
3 5 + K2 3
69. (c) Let the equation of required plane be;
(2x – y – 4) + l(y + 2z – 4) = 0 5
3K2 = 5 Þ K = ±
3

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73. (b) Let A(–l2, 1, 1), B(1, –l2, 1), C(1, 1, –l2), D(–1, –1, 1) 5x – 15 + 2y – 8 –3z + 6 = 0
lie on same plane, then 5x + 2y – 3z – 17 = 0 ¼(1)
Since, equation of plane (1) passes through (2, a, b), then
1- l2 2 0
10 + 2a – 3b – 17 = 0 Þ 2a – 3b = 7
2 1 - l2 0
=0
2 2 -l 2 - 1
77. (d)
Þ (l + 1)((1 – l ) – 4) = 0
2 2 2
Þ (3 – l2)(l2 + 1) = 0 Þ l2 = 3
l= ± 3
Hence, S = {- 3, 3}
r
74. (d) Let normal to the required plane is n
r Q (0, 2, 5)
Þ n is perpendicular to both vector 2i - j + 3k and
2i + 3 j - 3k. Since, direction ratios of normal to the plane
r
i j k is n = 6i + 10 j + 2k
r
Þ n = 2 -1 3 = -8i + 8 j + 8k Then, equation of the plane is
2 3 -1 (x – 0)6 + (y – 2)10 + (z – 5)2 = 0
3x + 5y – 10 + z – 5 = 0
Þ Equation of the required plane is
3x + 5y + z = 15 ...(1)
Þ (x – 3)(–8) + (y + 2) ´ 8 + (z – 1) ´ 8 = 0
Since, plane (1) satisfies the point (4, 1, –2)
Þ (x – 3) (–1) + (y + 2) ´ 1 + (z – 1) ´ 1 = 0
Þ x–3–y–2–z+1=0 Hence, required point is (4, 1, –2)
Q x – y – z = 4 passes through (2, 0, –2) x-4 y-5 z -3
78. (c) Let any point on the line = = be
\ plane contains (2, 0, –2). 2 2 1
75. (b, c) Let the d.r’s of the normal be áa, b, cñ A(2l + 4, 2l + 5, l + 3) which lies on the plane x + y + z = 2
Equation of the plane is Þ 2l + 4 + 2l + 5 + l + 3 = 2
a(x – 0) + b(y + 1) + c(z – 0) = 0 Þ 5l = –10 Þ l = –2
Q It passes through (0, 0, 1) Then, the point of intersection is (0, 1, 1)
\ b+c=0 x -1 y - 3 z + 4
which lies on the line = =
0×a + b - c p 1 1 2 -5
Also = cos = 79. (d) Since the system of linear equations are
a 2 + b2 + c 2 × 2 4 2
x + y + z = 2 ...(1)
Þ b – c = a 2 + b2 + c2 2x + 3y + 2z = 5 ...(2)
And b + c = 0 2x + 3y + (a2 – 1) z = a + 1 ...(3)
1
Þ b=± a. 1 1 1
2 2 3 2
Now, D =
\ The d.r’s are 2, 1, - 1 or 2, 2, - 2 2 3 a -1 2
r
76. (b) Let the normal to the required plane is n , then (Applying R3 ® R3 – R2)
$i $j k$ 1 1 1
r 4 –4 4
n = = 20 $i + 8 $j – 12 Þ D =
2 3 2
2 –5 0 0 0 a -3 2
\ Equation of the plane = a2 – 3

(x – 3) × 20 + (y – 4) × 8 + (z – 2) × (–12) = 0 When, D = 0 Þ a2 – 3 = 0 Þ | a | = 3

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If a2 = 3, then plane represented by eqn (2) and eqn (3) are Then –8l + m + 10n = 0 ...(1)
parallel. and 2l + 3m + 4n = 0 ...(2)
Hence, the given system of equation is inconsistent. From (1) and (2),
80. (c) Let any point on the intersecting line l m n
= =
x +1 y - 3 z - 2 -26 52 -26
= = = l (say)
-3 2 -1 \ D.R.s are <1, –2, 1>
is (–3l –1, 2l + 3, – l + 2) \ Equation of plane: x – 2y + z = 0
Since, the above point lies on a line which passes through 83. (a) Equation of plane passing through the line of
the point (–4, 3, 1) intersection of first two planes is:
Then, direction ratio of the required line (2 x - 2y + 3 - 2) + l (x - y+ + 1) = 0
= <–3l – 1 + 4, 2l + 3 – 3, –l + 2 – 1> or x(l + 2) - y(2 + l ) + (l + 3) + (l - 2) = 0

or <–3l + 3, 2l, –l + 1> ...(i)
Since, line is parallel to the plane is having infinite number of solution with
x + 2y – z – 5 = 0 x + 2y – – 3 = 0 and 3x – y + 2 – 1 = 0, then
Then, perpendicular vector to the line is i + 2 j - k (l + 2) -(l + 2) (l + 3)
Now(–3l + 3)(1) + (2l)(2) + (–l+1)(–1) = 0 1 2 -1 =0
Þ l = –1 3 -1 2
Now direction ratio of the required line = <6, – 2, 2 > or <3, Þ l=5
–1, 1> Now put l = 5 in (i), we get
Hence required equation of the line is 7x –7y + 8 + 3 = 0
Now perpendicular distance from (0, 0, 0) to the place
x+4 y - 3 z -1
= = 3 1
3 -1 1 containing L1 and L2 = =
81. (d) Since, equation of plane through intersection of planes 162 3 2
x + y + z = 1 and 2x + 3y – z + 4 = 0 is 84. (c) Equation of plane passing through three given points
is:
(2x + 3y – z + 4) + l(x + y + z – 1) = 0
(2 + l)x + (3 + l)y + (–1 + l)z + (4 – l) = 0 ...(1) x – x1 y – y1 z – z1
But, the above plane is parallel to y-axis then x2 – x1 y2 – y1 z2 – z1 = 0
(2 + l) ´ 0 + (3 + l) ´ 1 + (–1 + l) ´ 0 = 0 x3 - x1 y3 – y1 z3 – z1
Þ l = –3
x+2 y+2 z–2
Hence, the equation of required plane is
Þ 1+ 2 –1+ 2 2 – 2 =0
–x – 4 + 7 = 0
1+ 2 1+ 2 1– 2
Þ x + 4 – 7 = 0
Therefore, (3, 2, 1) the passes through the point. x+2 y+2 z-2
82. (a) Let the direction ratios of the plane containing lines Þ 3 1 0 =0
x y z x y z 3 3 –1
= = and = = is <a, b, c>
3 4 2 4 2 3 Þ – x + 3y + 6z – 8 = 0
\ 3a + 4b + 2c = 0 x 3 y 6z 8
Þ – – + =0
4a + 2b + 3c = 0 8 8 8 8
x y z
\
a
=
b
=
c Þ – – = –1
12 - 4 8 - 9 6 - 16 8 8 8
3 6
a b c
= = x y z
8 -1 -10 Þ + + =1
\ Direction ratio of plane = <–8, 1, 10>. –8 8 8
3 6
Let the direction ratio of required plane is <l, m, n>

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8 8 P(1, –2, 3)
\ Sum of intercepts = – 8 + + =–4
3 6
85. (c) If a, b, c are the intercepts of the variable plane on the
x, y, z axes respectively, then the equation of the plane is
x y z F
+ + =1
a b c
And the point of intersection of the planes parallel to the
xy, yz and zx planes is (a, b, c). Q
As the point (3, 2, 1) lies on the variable plane, so Since F lies on the plane
\ 2 (l + 1) + 3 (4l – 2) – 4 (5l + 3) + 22 = 0
3 2 1
+ + =1 2l + 2 + 12l – 6 – 20l – 12 + 22 = 0
a b c
Þ –6l + 6 = 0 Þ l = 1
3 2 1 \ F is (2, 2, 8)
Therefore, the required locus is + + =1
x y z PQ = 2 PF = 2 12 + 42 + 52 = 2 42
89. (c) Let the plane be
86. (d) Normal to 3x + 4y + z = 1 is 3i + 4 j + k.
a (x – 1) + b (y + 1) + c ( + 1) = 0
Normal to 5x + 8y + 2z = – 14 is 5i + 8 j + 2k Normal vector
i k
The line of intersection of the planes is perpendicular to
1 -2 3 = 5i + 7 + 3k
both normals, so, direction ratios of the intersection line
are directly proportional to the cross product of the normal 2 -1 -1
vectors. So plane is 5 (x – 1) + 7 (y + 1) + 3 ( + 1) = 0
Þ 5x + 7y + 3 + 5 = 0
Therefore the direction ratios of the line is – j + 4k
Distance of point (1, 3, –7) from the plane is
Hence the angle between the plane x + y + z + 5 = 0 and the 5 + 21 - 21 + 5 10
=
25 + 49 + 9
–1 æ 3 ö
æ –1+ 4 ö 83
intersection line is sin –1 ç ÷ = sin ç 17 ÷ x + 8 y + 7z = 0
è 17 3 ø è ø 90. (c)
9 x + 2 y + 3z = 0
87. (a) Since the plane bisects the line oining the points
(1, 2, 3) and (–3, 4, 5) then the plane passes through x+ y+ z = 0
the midpoint of the line which is : x=l y = 6l z = -7 l
æ1- 3 2 + 4 5 + 3ö æ -2 6 8 ö x=l y = 6l z = -7 l
ç 2 , 2 , 2 ÷ º ç 2 , 2 , 2 ÷ º (– 1, 3, 4).
è ø è ø
Now, l + 12l - 7l = 6 \ 2l + 6l - 7l
As plane cuts the line segment at right angle, so the
6l = 6 =l
direction cosines of the normal of the plane are
l =1 =1
(– 3 – 1, 4 – 2, 5 – 3) = (– 4, 2, 2)
So the equation of the plane is : – 4x + 2y + 2z = l 91. (a) Suppose centroid be (h, k, l )
As plane passes through (– 1, 3, 4) so \ x – intp = 3h, y – intp = 3k, – intp = 3 l
– 4(– 1) + 2(3) + 2(4) = l Þ l = 18
x y
Therefore, equation of plane is : – 4x + 2y + 2z = 18 Equation + + =1
3h 3k 3l
Now, only (– 3, 2, 1) satisfies the given plane as
\ Distance from (0, 0, 0)
– 4(–3) + 2(2) + 2(1) = 18
88. (c) Equation of line PQ is
-1
x -1 y + 2 - 3 =3
= = 1 1 1
1 4 5 + +
9h 2 9k 2 9l 2
Let F be (l + 1, 4l - 2, 5l + 3)

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95. (b) Line lies in the plane Þ (3, –2, –4) lie in the plane
1 1 1
Þ + + =1 Þ 3l – 2m + 4 = 9 or 3l – 2m = 5 ....(1)
x2 y2 2 Also, l, m,–1 are dr's of line perpendicular to plane and 2,
92. (c) Point (3, –2, –l) on p line 2x – 4y + 3z – 2 = 0 –1, 3 are dr's of line lying in the plane
= 6 + 8 – 3l – 2 = 0 = 3l = 12 Þ 2l – m – 3 = 0 or 2l – m = 3 ....(2)
Solving (1) and (2) we get l = 1 and m = –1
l=4
Þ l2 + m2 = 2.
Now,
x-3 y+2 +4
= = = k1 ...(i) 96. (d) P(1, –5, 9)
1 -1 -2
x -1 y x=y=
= = = k2 ...(ii)
12 9 4 n
Point on equation (i) P (k1 + 3, –k1 – 2, –2k1 – 4)

Point on equation (ii) Q (12k2 + 1, 9k2, 4k2)
k1 + 3 = 12k2 + 1 | –k1 – 2 = 9k2 | –2k1 – 4 = 4k2 Q
k2 = 0
O
k1 = –2
p (1, 0, 0) lie on equation of a line 1
gives shortest distance = 0 x -1 y + 5 - 9
Eqn of PO : = = =l
1 1 1
i j k Þ x = l + 1; y = l - 5; = l + 9.
r uur uur
93. (c) n = n1 ´ n2 = 6 7 8 = (9, –18, 9) = (1, –2, 1) Putting these in eqn of plane :
3 5 7 l +1- l + 5 + l + 9 = 5
Þ l = -10
\ Equation of plane is Þ O is (–9, –15, –1)
1(x + 1) –2 (y – 1) + ( – 3) = 0 Þ distance OP = 10 3
Þ x - 2y + = 0 97. (c) Let equation of plane be
foot to z a (x – 1) + b (y – 2) + c (z – 2) = 0 .....(1)
x -1 y + 2 z -1
= = =-
[1 + 4 + 1] (1) is perpendicular to given planes then
a – b + 2c = 0
1 -2 1 6
2a – 2b + c = 0
x = 0, y = 0, z = 0 Solving above equation c = 0 and a = b
r uur uur equation of plane (1) can be
94. (c) n = n1 ´ n2
x +y–3=0
i j k distance from (1, – 2, 4) will be
Þ 3 -1 1 = i ( -2 ) - j ( -7 ) + k (13)
| 1- 2 - 3 | 4
1 4 -2 D= = =2 2
1+ 1 2
r
Þ n = -2i + 7 j +13k 98. (a) Equation of the plane containing the lines
Now, 2x – 5y + = 3 and x + y + 4 = 5 is
3x – y + z = 1 2x – 5y + – 3 + l (x + y + 4 – 5) = 0
x + 4y – 2z = 2 Þ (2 + l) x + (–5 + l) y + (1 + 4l) + (–3 – 5l) = 0 ...(i)
but z = 0 & solving the given Since the plane (i) parallel to the given plane
x + 3y + 6 = 1
x = 6/13 & y = 5/13
2 + l -5 + l 1+ 4l
\ required equation of a line is \ = =
1 3 6
x - 6 13 y - 5 13 z
= = 11
2 -7 -13 Þ l=-
2

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Hence equation of the required plane is Hence the point (0, –3, 1) contains in the plane.
æ 11ö æ 11ö æ 44 ö æ 55 ö 102. (c) |3 + 4 – 12l + 13| = |– 9 + 0 – 12 + 13|
çè 2 - ÷ø x + çè -5 - ÷ø y + çè1 - ÷ø + çè -3 + ÷ø = 0 Þ |– 12l + 20| = |8| Þ |3l – 5| = 2
2 2 2 2
Þ (4 - 11)x + (-10 - 11)y + (2 - 44) + ( -6 + 55) = 0 Þ 9l2+ 25 – 30l = 4 Þ 9l2– 30l+ 21 = 0
Þ -7x - 21y - 42 + 49 = 0 Þ 3l2 – 10l+ 7 = 0
Þ x + 3y + 6 - 7 = 0 103. (c) Plane passing through x + y + + 1 = 0 and
Þ x + 3y + 6 = 7 2x – y + + 3 = 0 is x + y + + 1 + l (2x – y + + 3) = 0
99. (b) General point on given line º P(3r + 2, 4r – 1, 12r + 2) Þ (2l + 1)x + (1 – l)y + (1 + l) + 3l + 1 = 0
Point P must satisfy equation of plane Parallel to the given line if
(3r + 2) – (4r – 1) + (12r + 2) = 16 a(2l + 1) – 1(1 – l) + 1(1 + l) = 0
11r + 5 = 16
–2l
r=1 Þ a= ...(i)
2l + 1
P(3 × 1 + 2, 4 × 1 – 1, 12 × 1 + 2) = P(5, 3, 14)
distance between P and (1, 0, 2) 2l + 1 – (1 - l ) + 0 + 3l + 1 1
Also, =
(2l + 1) + (1 - l ) + (1 + l)
2 2 2 3
D = (5 - 1)2 + 32 + (14 - 2)2 = 13
100. (b) The equation of any plane passing through given –32 32
line is Þ l = 0, ; a = 0 or a =
102 19
(x + y + 2 – 3) + l (2x + 3y + 4 – 4) = 0
Þ (1 + 2l) x + (1 + 3l) y + (2 + 4l) – (3 + 4l) = 0 a -1 b - 3 c - 4
104. (c) = = = l (let)
If this plane is parallel to –axis then normal to the plane 2 -1 1
will be perpendicular to –axis. Þ a = 2l + 1
\ (1 + 2l) (0) + (1 + 3l) (0) + (2 + 4l) (1) = 0 b=3–l
c=4+l
1
l=– A (1, 3, 4)
2
Thus, Required plane is
1 3i + j - 5k
(x + y + 2 – 3) – (2x + 3y + 4 – 4) = 0 Þ y + 2 = 0
2 P
2 3i + j - 5k
\ S.D = =2
(1) 2 A
101. (c) Equation of the plane containing the given line (a, b, c)
x -1 y - 2 - 3 æ a +1 b + 3 c + 4 ö æ 6-l l +8ö
= = is P =ç , , ÷ = ç l + 1, , ÷
1 5 4 è 2 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
A (x – 1) + B (y – 2) + C ( – 3) = 0 ...(i) 6- l l +8
\ 2(l + 1) - + +3= 0
where A + 5B + 4C = 0 ...(ii) 2 2
Since the point (3, 2, 0) contains in the plane (i), therefore 3l + 6 = 0 Þ l = –2
2A + 0.B – 3C = 0 ...(iii) a = –3, b = 5, c = 2
From equations (ii) and (iii),
x+3 y -5 z - 2
Required line is = =
A B C 3 1 -5
= = = k (let)
-15 - 0 6 + 3 0 - 10 105. (c) Given equation of line can be written as
Þ A = –15k, B = 9k and C = –10 k x +1 y z+4
= =
Putting the value of A, B and C in equation (i), we get 1 2 2
–15 (x – 1) + 9 (y – 2) – 10 ( – 3) = 0...(iv) Eqn of plane is 2 x - y + l z + 4 = 0
Now the coordinates of the point (0, –3, 1) p
Since, angle between the line and the plane is
satisfy the equation of the plane (iv) as 6
–15 (0 – 1) + 9 (–3 – 2) – 10 (1 – 3) therefore
= 15 – 45 + 20 = 0 p 2(1) + 2( -1) + 2( l )
sin =
6 1+ 4 + 4 4 +1+ l

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Hence coordinates of the point (1, 0, 5) satisfy the

1 2- 2+ 2 l equation plane represented by equations (iv),
=
2 9 5+ l Therefore the plane passes through the point (1,0,5)
l 3 l 9 109. (c) Given equation of lines are
Þ = Þ =
5+ l 4 5 + l 16 x -1 y -2 z-3
= = ...(1)
45 3 1 2
Þ 7l = 45 Þ l =
7 x -3 y -1 z - 2
106. (c) Given planes are and = = ...(2)
1 2 3
4x - 2 y - 4z + 1 = 0 Any point on line (1) is P (3l + 1, l + 2, 2l + 3) and on
and 4 x - 2 y - 4 z + d = 0 line (2) is Q ( m + 3, 2m + 1, 3m + 2).
They are parallel. On solving 3l + 1 = m + 3 and l + 2 = 2m + 1
d -1
we get l = 1, m = 1
Distance between them is ±7 =
16 + 4 + 16 \ Point of intersection of two lines is R (4, 3, 5)
d -1 So, equation of plane ^ to OR where O is (0, 0, 0) and
Þ = ± 7 Þ d = 42 + 1
6 passing through R is
or – 42 + 1 i.e. d = – 41 or 43. 4 x + 3 y + 5 z = 50
107. (b) Given two planes : 110. (c) 2x + y + 2z – 8 = 0 ....(Plane 1)
x – ay – b = 0 and cy – z + d = 0
Let, l, m, n be the direction ratio of the required line. 5
2x + y + 2z + =0 ....(Plane 2)
Since the required line is perpendicular to normal of both 2
the plane, therefore l – am = 0 and cm – n = 0 Distance between Plane 1 and 2
Þ l – am + 0.n = 0 and 0.l + cm – n = 0 5
-8 -
l m n 2 -21 7
\ = = = = =
a - 0 0 +1 c - 0 2 +1 + 2
2 2 2 6 2
Hence, d.R of the required line are a, 1, c.
Hence, options (c) and (d) are reected. 111. (c) Equation of a plane through the line of intersection of
Now, the point (a + b, 1, c + d) satisfy the equation of the planes
the two given planes. x + 2y = 3, y – 2z + 1= 0 is
\ Option (b) is correct. (x + 2y – 3) + l (y – 2z + 1) = 0
108. (b) Equation of the plane containing the line Þ x + (2 + l)y – 2l(z) – 3 + l = 0 (i)
x -1 y - 2 z - 3 Now, plane (i) is ^ to x + 2y = 3
= = is
\ Their dot product is ero
1 2 3
a (x – 1) + b (y – 2) + c (z – 3) = 0 ....... (i) 5
i.e. 1 + 2(2 + l) = 0 Þ l = -
where a.1 + b.2 + c.3 = 0 2
Thus, required plane is
i.e., a + 2b + 3c = 0 ....... (ii)
æ 5ö -5 5
Since the plane (i) parallel to the line x + ç2 - ÷ y - 2´ ( z) - 3 - = 0
è 2ø 2 2
x y z
= = y 11
1 1 4 Þ x - + 5z - = 0
\ a.1 + b.1 + c.4 = 0 2 2
Þ 2x – y + 10z – 11 = 0
i.e., a + b + 4c = 0 ...... (iii) 112. (c) Let P be the image of O in the given plane.
From (ii) and (iii),
a b c O (0, 0, 0)
= = = k (let)
8 - 3 3 - 4 1- 2
\ a = 5k, b = –k, c = –k
On putting the value of a, b and c in equation (i),
5(x – 1) – (y – 2) – (z – 3) = 0
Þ 5x – y – z = 0 ....... (iv) Q
when x = 1, y = 0 and z = 5; then R
L.H.S. of equation (iv) = 5x – y – 2 (– 1, 1, – 6)
=5×1–0–5=0
= R.H.S. of equation (iv)
P

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Equation of the plane, 4x – 3y + z + 13 = 0 115. (a) The equation of the plane containing the line
OP is normal to the plane, therefore direction ratio of OP x +1 y - 3 z + 2
are proportional to 4, – 3, 1 = = is a (x + 1) + b (y – 3) + c (z + 2) = 0
-3 2 1
Since OP passes through (0, 0, 0) and has direction ratio where
proportional to 4, –3, 1. Therefore equation of OP is – 3a + 2b + c = 0 ...(A)
x-0 y -0 z -0 This passes through (0, 7, – 7)
= = = r (let) \ a (0 + 1) + b (7 – 3) + c (– 7 + 2) = 0
4 -3 1
Þ a + 4b – 5c = 0 ...(B)
\ x = 4r, y = – 3r, z = r On solving equation (A) and (B) we get
Let the coordinate of P be (4r, – 3r, r) a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
Since Q be the mid point of OP \ Required plane is
x+1+y–3++2=0
æ 3 rö
\ Q = ç 2r , - r , ÷ Þx+y+z=0
è 2 2ø
116. (d) Given planes are
Since Q lies in the given plane P : x + y – 2z + 7 = 0
4x – 3y + z + 13 = 0 Q : x + y + 2z + 2 = 0
9 r and R : 3x + 3y –6z – 11 = 0
\ 8r + r + + 13 = 0
2 2 Consider Plane P and R.
-13 -26 Here a1 = 1, b1 = 1, c1 = – 2
Þ r= = = -1 and a2 = 3, b2 = 3, c2 = – 6
9 1 26
8+ +
2 2 a1 b1 c1 1
Since, a = b = c = 3
æ 3 1ö
\ Q = ç -2, , - ÷ 2 2 2
è 2 2ø therefore P and R are parallel.
117. (b) Let the direction ratios of the common line be l, m and n.
2 2
æ 3ö æ 1ö \ l × 1 + m × 0 + n × 0 = 0 Þ l = 0 ....(1)
QR = (-1 + 2) 2 + ç1 - ÷ + ç - 6 + ÷
è 2ø è 2ø 2l – 5ma + 3n = 0 Þ 5ma – 3n = 0 ....(2)
3lb + m – 3n = 0 Þ m – 3n = 0 ....(3)
1 121 7
= 1+ + =3 Subtracting (3) from (1), we get
4 4 2
m(5a – 1) = 0
r 1 1 1 Now, value of m can not be ero because if m = 0 then n = 0
113. (b) Direction cosines of n are , , .
2 4 2 Þ l = m = n = 0 which is not possible.
Equation of the plane, 1
Hence, 5a – 1 = 0 Þ a =
1 1 1 5
( x - 2) + ( y + 1) + ( z - 1) = 0 Thus, option (b) is correct.
2 4 2
Þ 2( x - 2) + ( y + 1) + 2( z - 1) = 0 118. (c) Point P is (2, – 1, 2)
Let this line meet at Q (h, k, w)
Þ 2x + y + 2z = 2 2 - 1 + 2 Direction ratio of this line is
Þ 2x + y + 2z = 2 2 + 1 (h – 2, k + 1, w – 2)
Since, dcs are equal & drs are also equal,
114. (a) Given that, equation of a plane is
x – 2y + 2z – 5 = 0 So, h – 2 = k + 1 + w – 2
So, Equation of parallel plane is Þ k = h – 3 and w = h
x – 2y + 2z + d = 0 This line meets the plane
Now, it is given that distance from origin to the parallel 2x + y + z = 9 at Q, so,
plane is 1. 2h + k + w = 9 or 2h + h – 3 + h = 9
d Þ 4h – 3 = 9 Þ h = 3
\ =1 Þ d= ±3 and k = 0 and w = 3
1 + 2 2 + 22
2
Distance
So equation of required plane
( 3 - 2 )2 + ( 0 - ( -1) ) + (3 - 2)
2
x – 2y + 2z ± 3 = 0 PQ = 2

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Statement-1 is correct.
= 12 + 12 + 12 = 3 Statement-2 is also correct but it is not correct explanation.
119. (d) Given equation of plane is
x - 2 y -1 z + 2
3x + 4y – 12z + 13 = 0 123. (a) Given that, the line = = lie in the
3 -5 2
(1, a, 1) and (– 3, 0, a) satisfy the equation of plane.
plane x + 3y – az + b = 0
\ We have
\ Pt (2, 1, – 2) lies on the plane
3 + 4(a) – 12 + 13 = 0 and 3(– 3) – 12 (a) + 13 = 0
i.e. 2 + 3 + 2a + b = 0
Þ 4 + 4a = 0 and 4 – 12a = 0
or 2a + b + 5 = 0 ....(i)
1 Also normal to plane will be perpendicular to line,
Þ a = – 1 and a = \ 3 × 1 – 5 × 3 + 2 × (– a ) = 0
3
Þ a=–6
Since, (1, a, 1) and (– 3, 0, a) lie on the opposite sides of the
plane \ a = 0 From equation (i) then, b = 7
\ (a, b) = (– 6, 7)
120. (a) Equation of line through P (1, -5,9) and parallel to
124. (c) Equation of line through (5, 1, a) and
the line x = y = z is
x -1 y + 5 z - 9 x – 5 y –1 z – a
= = = l ( say ) (3, b, 1) is
–2
= =
b –1 1– a
=l
1 1 1
Q = ( x = 1 + l, y = -5 + l, z = 9 + l ) x = –2l + 5
Since Q lies on plane x – y + z =5 y = (b – 1)l + 1
\ 1+ l + 5 - l + 9 + l = 5 z = (1 – a)l + a
Þ l = -10 \ Any point on this line is a
\ Q = (– 9 , – 15, – 1) [–2l + 5, (b – 1) l + 1, (1– a) l + a]
Given that it crosses yz plane \ –2l + 5 = 0
\ PQ = (1 + 9) 2 + (15 - 5) 2 + ( 9 + 1) 2
5
= 300 = 10 3 l=
121. (d) Let q be the angle between the given line and plane, 2
then
æ 5 5 ö æ 17 –13ö
\ çè 0, (b –1) + 1, (1– a) + a÷ø = çè 0, , ÷
2 2 2 2 ø
1´ 1+ 2 ´ 2 + l ´ 3 5 + 3l
sin q = =
5 17
2 2 2
1 +2 +l . 1 +2 +3 2 2 2
14. 5 + l 2 Þ (b – 1) + 1 =
2 2
(5 + 3l ) 2 5 13
Þ cos q = 1 - and (1 – a) + a = -
14(5 + l 2 ) 2 2
Þ b = 4 and a = 6
5 (5 + 3l ) 2
Þ = 1- 125. (c) Let the direction cosines of line L be l, m, n. Since line
14 14(5 + l 2 ) L lies on both planes.
Squaring both sides, we get \ 2l + 3m + n = 0 ....(i)
5 5l 2 - 30 l + 45 and l + 3m + 2n = 0 ....(ii)
= on solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
14 14(5 + l 2 )
l m n l m n
Þ l=2 = = Þ = =
3 6 - 3 1- 4 6 - 3 3 -3 3
122. (a) A(3, 1, 6); B = (1, 3, 4)
l m n l 2 + m 2 + n2
Putting coordinate of mid-point of AB = (2, 2, 5) in Now = = =
plane x – y + z = 5 then 2 – 2 + 5 = 5, satisfy 3 -3 3 32 + ( -3) 2 + 32
So, mid-point of AB = (2, 2, 5) lies on the plane. Q 2
l +m +n =12 2
d.r’s of AB = (2, –2, 2) l m n 1

\ = = =
d.r’s of normal to plane = (1, –1, 1). 3 -3 3 27
Direction ratio of AB and normal to the plane are 3 1 1 1
Þ l= = ,m = - ,n =
proportional therefore,
27 3 3 3
AB is perpendicular to the normal of plane
Line L, makes an angle a with +ve x-axis
\ A is image of B
1
\ l = cos a Þ cos a =
3

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M-520 Mathematics
126. (d) Let ( a, b, g ) be the image, then mid point of (a, b, -1 -1

=
g) and (–1, 3, 4) must lie on x – 2y = 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
a -1 æ b + 3 ö a 2 b2 c2 a' 2 2
b' c '2
\ - 2ç ÷=0
2 è 2 ø 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + - - - =0
\ a - 1 - 2b - 6 = 0 Þ a – 2b = 7 ....(1) a 2 b 2 c 2 a ' 2 b ' 2 c' 2
Also line oining (a , b, g ) and ( –1, 3, 4) should be paral- 131. (b) Equation of plane through (1, 0, 0) is
lel to the normal of the plane x –2y = 0 a (x – 1) + by + cz = 0 ...(i)
a +1 b - 3 g - 4 It is also passes through (0, 1, 0).
\ = = =l
1 -2 0 \ –a + b = 0 Þ b = a;
Þ a = l - 1, b = -2l + 3, g = 4 ....(2)
a+a
From (1) and (2) cos 45 =

9 13 2(2 a 2 + c 2 )
a= , b=- , g =4
5 5
None of the option matches. Þ 2a = 2a 2 + c 2 Þ 2a2 = c2 Þ c = 2a .
r r r r r r r
127. (b) The given line is r = 2i - 2 j + 3k + l (i - j + 4k ) So d.r of normal are a, a 2a i.e. 1, 1, 2 .
r r r r 132. (a) Since the point (3, 2, 0) lies on the given line
and the plane is r × (i + 5 j + k ) = 5
x-4 y -7 z -4
Þ x + 5y + z = 5 = =
1 5 4
ax1 + by1 + cz1 + d \ There can be infinite many planes passing through this
Required distance =
a 2 + b2 + c2 line. We observed that only option (a) is satisfied by the
2 - 10 + 3 - 5 10 coordinates of both the poin ts (3, 2, 0) and
= = (4, 7, 4)
1 + 25 + 1 3 3
\ x – y + z = 1 is the required plane.
128. (a) Let q is the angle between line and plane then
r r 133. (c) We know that centre of sphere
b ×n x2 + y2 + z2 + 2ux + 2vy + 2wz + d = 0
sin q = r r
| b || n | is (–u, –v, –w)
=
( )(
$i + 2 $j + 2k . 2$i - $j + l k
)
=
2- 2+ 2 l
Given that, x2 + y2 + z2 – 6x – 12y – 2z + 20 = 0
\ Centre º (3, 6, 1)
1+ 4 + 4 4 + 1+ l 3´ 5+ l Coordinates of one end of diameter of the sphere are (2, 3, 5).
2 l 1 Let the coordinates of the other end of diameter are
Þ sin q = = Þ 4l = 5 + l
3 5+ l 3 (a, b, g )
\ a + 2 = 3, b+3 = 6 , g +5 =1
5
Þ l= .
3 2 2 2
129. (c) The planes are 2 x + y + 2 z - 8 = 0 ...(1) Þ a = 4, b = 9 and g = –3
and 4 x + 2 y + 4 z + 5 = 0 \ Coordinate of other end of diameter are (4, 9, –3)
5 134. (b)
or 2 x + y + 2 z + =0 ...(2)
2 A B
Since, both planes are parallel
3 5
\ Distance between (1) and (2) 2 2
5
+8 21 7 1 , 0, –O 1
= 2 = = 2 2
2 9 2
2 2 + 12 + 2 2
x y z
+ + =1 æ1 1ö
130. (a) Equation of planes in intercept form be Centre of sphere = ç ,0,- ÷ and radius of sphere
a b c è2 2ø
x y z
& + + =1
a' b' c ' 1 1 5
= + +2 =
(^ r distance on plane from origin is same.) 4 4 2

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Perpendicular distance OA of centre from x + 2y – z = 4 is

given by 137. (d)
1 1 3
+ -4 = O
2 2 2
A C
6
\ radius of circle
5 3
AB = OB 2 - OA2 = - = 1. Centre of sphere = (–1, 1, 2)
2 2
Radius of sphere 1 + 1 + 4 + 19 = 5
135. (c) Plane 2ax - 3ay + 4az + 6 = 0 passes through the
mid point of the line oining the centres of spheres Perpendicular distance from centre to the plane
-1 + 2 + 4 + 7 12
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 6 x - 8 y - 2 z = 13 and OC = d = = = 4.
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 - 10 x + 4 y - 2 z = 8 1+ 4 + 4 3
respectively centre of spheres are c 1(– 3, 4, 1) and In right, DAOC
c2(5, – 2, 1). Mid point of c1c2 is (1, 1, 1). AC2 = AO2 – OC2 = 52 – 42 = 9
Satisfying this in the equation of plane, we get Þ AC = 3
138. (d) Centre of sphere be (–2, 1, 3) and radius 13
2a – 3a + 4a + 6 = 0
Þ a = –2. We know that,
136. (a) Given that, the equations of spheres are Shortest distance = perpendicular distance between the
plane and sphere = distance of plane from centre of sphere
S1 : x2 + y2 + z2 + 7x – 2y – z – 13 = 0 and
– radius
S2 : x2 + y2 + z2 – 3x + 3y + 4z – 8 = 0
-2 ´ 12 + 4 ´ 1 + 3 ´ 3 - 327
We know that eqn. of intersection plane be = – 13
144 + 9 + 16
S1 – S2 = 0 Þ 10x – 5y – 5z – 5 = 0
= 26 – 13 = 13
Þ 2x – y – z = 1

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- 522
27
M Mathematics
Probability
2 8
Multiplication Theorem on (a) (b)
3 17
Probability,
TOPIC Ć Independent events, Conditional 4 2
Probability, Baye's Theorem (c) (d)
17 5
5. Let EC denote the complement of an event E. Let E1, E2 and
1. In a game two players A and B take turns in throwing a pair E3 be any pairwise independent events with P(E1 ) > 0
of fair dice starting with player A and total of scores on the
and P(E1 Ç E 2 Ç E 3 ) = 0.
two dice, in each throw is noted. A wins the game if he
throws a total of 6 before B throws a total of 7 and B wins Then P(EC2 Ç E3C / E1 ) is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
the game if he throws a total of 7 before A throws a total of
six. The game stops as soon as either of the players wins. (a) P(EC2 ) + P(E3 ) (b) P(E3C ) - P(E2C )
The probability of A winning the game is :
(c) P(E3 ) - P(EC2 ) (d) P(EC3 ) - P(E 2 )
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
6. In a box, there are 20 cards, out of which 10 are labelled as
5 31 A and the remaining 10 are labelled as B. Cards are drawn
(a) (b) at random, one after the other and with replacement, till a
31 61
second A-card is obtained. The probability that the second
5 30 A-card appears before the third B-card is :
(c) (d) [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
6 61
2. A die is thrown two times and the sum of the scores 9 11
(a) (b)
appearing on the die is observed to be a multiple of 4. 16 16
Then the conditional probability that the score 4 has 13 15
appeared atleast once is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] (c) (d)
16 16
1 1 7. Let A and B be two independent events such that
(a) (b)
4 3 1 1
P(A) = and P(B) = . Then, which of the following is
1 1 3 6
(c) (d) TRUE ? [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
8 9
3. The probability that a randomly chosen 5-digit number is 2 1
made from exactly two digits is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] (a) P(A/B) = (b) P(A/B’) =
3 3
135 121 1 1
(a)
104
(b)
104
(c) P(A’/B’) = (d) P(A/(A È B)) =
3 4
150 134
8. An unbiased coin is tossed 5 times. Suppose that a
(c) (d) variable X is assigned the value k when k consecutive
104 104 heads are obtained for k = 3, 4, 5, otherwise X takes the
4. Box I contains 30 cards numbered 1 to 30 and Box II contains value –1. Then the expected value of X, is:
20 cards numbered 31 to 50. A box is selected at random [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
and a card is drawn from it. The number on the card is
3 1 3 1
found to be a non-prime number. The probability that the (a) (b) (c) - (d) -
card was drawn from Box I is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 16 8 16 8

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Probability M - 523
9. In a workshop, there are five machines and the probability 14. Let A and B be two non-null events such that A Ì B .
1 Then, which of the following statements is always correct?
of any one of them to be out of service on a day is .
4 [April 08, 2019 (I)]
If the probability that at most two machines will be out of
3 (a) P(A|B) = P(B) – P(A) (b) P(A|B) ³ P(A)
æ 3ö
service on the same day is ç ÷ k, then k is equal to: (c) P(A|B) £ P(A) (d) P(A|B) = 1
è 4ø
15. The minimum number of times one has to toss a fair coin
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
so that the probability of observing at least one head is at
17 17 least 90% is : [April. 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b)
8 4 (a) 5 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 2
17 16. In a random experiment, a fair die is rolled until two fours
(c) (d) 4
2 are obtained in succession. The probability that the
10. For an initial screening of an admission test, a candidate experiment will end in the fifth throw of the die is equal to :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
is given fifty problems to solve. If the probability that the
200 150
4 (a) 5 (b)
candidate can solve any problem is , then the probability 6 65
5
that he is unable to solve less than two problems is : 225 175
(c) 5 (d)
[April 12, 2019 (II)] 6 65
17. In a game, a man wins ` 100 if he gets 5 or 6 on a throw of
201 æ 1 ö
49
316 æ 4 ö
48 a fair die and loses ` 50 for getting any other number on
5 çè 5 ÷ø 25 çè 5 ÷ø
(a) (b) the die. If he decides to throw the die either till he gets a
five or a six or to a maximum of three throws, then his
expected gain/loss (in rupees) is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
49 48
54 æ 4 ö 164 æ 1 ö 400
5 çè 5 ÷ø 25 çè 5 ÷ø
(c) (d) (a) loss (b) 0
9
11. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy 400 400
or a girl. If two families have two children each, then the (c) gain (d) loss
3 3
conditional probability that all children are girls given that 18. Two integers are selected at random from the set
at least two are girls is: [April 10, 2019 (I)] {1, 2, ...., 11}. Given that the sum of selected numbers is
even, the conditional probability that both the numbers
1 1 are even is :
(a) (b)
11 10 [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
1 1 7 1 2 3
(c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
12 17 10 2 5 5
12. Minimum number of times a fair coin must be tossed so 19. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the outcome is a head then
that the probability of getting at least one head is more a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and the sum of the numbers
obtained on them is noted. If the toss of the coin results
than 99% is : [April 10, 2019 (II)] in tail then a card from a well-shuffled pack of nine cards
(a) 5 (b) 6 numbered 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 is randomly picked and the number
(c) 8 (d) 7 on the card is noted. The probability that the noted number
is either 7 or 8 is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
13. Four persons can hit a target correctly with probabilities
13 15 19 19
1 1 1 1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
, , and respectively. If all hit at the target 36 72 72 36
2 3 4 8
20. If the probability of hitting a target by a shooter, in any
independently, then the probability that the target would
1
be hit, is: [April 09, 2019 (I)] shot, is , then the minimum number of independent shots
3
25 7 at the target required by him so that the probability of
(a) (b)
192 32 5
hitting the target at least once is greater than , is:
1 25 6
(c) (d) [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
192 32 (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 5 (d) 4

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21. Two cards are drawn successively with replacement from 27. Let E and F be two independent events. The probability
a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Let X denote the random 1
that both E and F happen is and the probability that
variable of number of aces obtained in the two drawn 12
cards. Then P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) equals: [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] 1 P(E)
(a) 49/169 (b) 52/169 neither E nor F happens is , then a value of is :
2 P(F)
(c) 24/169 (d) 25/169 [Online April 9, 2017]
22. An urn contains 5 red and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at 4 3
random from the urn. If the drawn ball is green, then a red (a) (b)
ball is added to the urn and if the drawn ball is red, then a 3 2
green ball is added to the urn; the original ball is not 1 5
returned to the urn. Now, a second ball is drawn at random (c) (d)
3 12
from it. The probability that the second ball is red is:
Three persons P, Q and R independently try to hit a target.
[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] 28.

21 27 3 1
(a) (b) If the probabilities of their hitting the target are , and
49 49 4 2
26 32 5
(c) (d)
49 49 respectively, then the probability that the target is hit
8
23. A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. A ball is drawn at
random from the bag, its colour is observed and this ball by P or Q but not by R is : [Online April 8, 2017]
along with two additional balls of the same colour are 21 9
returned to the bag. If now a ball is drawn at random from (a) (b)
64 64
the bag, then the probability that this drawn ball is red, is :
[2018] 15 39
(c) (d)
64 64
2 1
(a) (b) 29. An unbiased coin is tossed eight times. The probability of
5 5
obtaining at least one head and at least one tail is :
(c) (d)
4 10 255 127
24. Let A, B and C be three events, which are pair-wise (a) (b)
256 128
independence and E denotes the complement of an event 63 1
(c) (d)
E. If P (A Ç B Ç C) = 0 and P (C) > 0, then P[( A Ç B ) |C] is 64 2
equal to. [Online April 16, 2018] 30. Let two fair six-faced dice A and B be thrown
simultaneously. If E1 is the event that die A shows up
(a) P (A) + P ( B ) (b) P ( A ) – P ( B )
four, E2 is the event that die B shows up two and E3 is the
(c) P ( A ) – P (B) (d) P ( A ) + P ( B ) event that the sum of numbers on both dice is odd, then
25. A player X has a biased coin whose probability of showing
which of the following statements is NOT true ? [2016]
heads is p and a player Y has a fair coin. They start playing
a game with their own coins and play alternately. The player (a) E1 and E3 are independent.
who throws a head first is a winner. If X starts the game, (b) E1, E2 and E3 are independent.
and the probability of winning the game by both the players (c) E1 and E2 are independent.
is equal, then the value of ‘p’ is[Online April 15, 2018] (d) E2 and E3 are independent.
1 1 2
(a)
3
(b)
5 31. If A and B are any two events such that P(A) = and
5
1 2
(c) (d) 3
4 5 P(A Ç B) = , then the conditional probability,,
20
26. If two different numbers are taken from the set (0, 1, 2, 3,
......., 10), then the probability that their sum as well as P(A | A¢ È B¢)) , where A' denotes the complement of A, is
absolute difference are both multiple of 4, is : [2017] equal to : [Online April 9, 2016]
7 6
(a) (b) (a) 11 20 (b) 5 17
55 55
12 14 (c) 8 17 (d) 1 4
(c) (d)
55 55

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32. Let X be a set containing 10 elements and P(X) be its k, so that the probability of hitting the target at least once
power set. If A and B are picked up at random from P(X), 7
with replacement, then the probability that A and B have is more than , is : [Online April 9, 2013]
10
equal number elements, is : [Online April 10, 2015] (a) 3 (b) 5
(a)
(2
10
-1 ) (b)
20
C10
38.
(c) 2 (d) 4
Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement
10
2 210 from {1,2,3,..8}. The probability that their minimum is 3,
(c)
(2
10
-1 ) (d)
20
C10 given that their maximum is 6, is : [2012]
3 1
2 20 220 (a) (b)
8 5
33. Let A and B be two events such that P A È B = ( ) 1
, (c)
1
(d)
2
6 4 5
39. Let A, B, C, be pairwise independent events with P (C) > 0
(
P AÇ B =
1
4
) ( ) 1
and P A = , where A stands for the
4 c
(
c
)
and P ( A Ç B Ç C ) =0. Then P A Ç B / C . [2011RS]
complement of the event A. Then the events A and B are
(a) independent but not equally likely.

[2014] ( )
(a) P B – P ( B )
c c
( ) ( )
(b) P A + P B
c
(b) independent and equally likely.

(c) mutually exclusive and independent.
( ) ( )
(c) P A - P B
c c c
( )
(d) P A - P ( B )
(d) equally likely but not independent. 40. If C and D are two events such that C Ì D and P(D) ¹ 0,
34. Let A and E be any two events with positive probabilities: then the correct statement among the following is [2011]
Statement - 1: P(E/A) ³ P(A/E) P(E) (a) P (C | D ) ³ P (C ) (b) P (C | D ) < P (C )
Statement - 2: P(A/E) ³ P ( A Ç E ) P( D )
(c) P (C | D) = (d) P (C | D ) = P (C )
[Online April 19, 2014] P (C )
(a) Both the statements are true 41. One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered
(b) Both the statements are false 00,01,02,...,49. Then the probability that the sum of the
digits on the selected ticket is 8, given that the product of
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
these digits is ero, equals: [2009]
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
1 5
35. A, B, C try to hit a target simultaneously but independently. (a) (b)
7 14
Their respective probabilities of hitting the targets are
1 1
3 1 5 (c) (d)
, , . The probability that the target is hit by A or B but 50 14
4 2 8 42. It is given that the events A and B are such that
not by C is : [Online April 23, 2013] 1 1 2
P ( A) = , P( A | B ) = and P ( B | A) = . Then P(B) is
(a) 21/64 (b) 7/8 4 2 3
(c) 7/32 (d) 9/64 [2008]
36. Given two independent events, if the probability that 1 1
26 (a) (b)
exactly one of them occurs is and the probability that 6 3
49
2 1
15 (c) (d)
none of them occurs is , then the probability of more 3 2
49 43. Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession. The
probable of the two events is : [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) 4/7 (b) 6/7 probabilities of I and II scoring a hit correctly are 0.3 and
(c) 3/7 (d) 5/7 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb only if the
2 first misses the target. The probability that the target is hit
37. The probability of a man hitting a target is . He fires at by the second plane is [2007]
5
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.7
the target k times (k, a given number). Then the minimum
(c) 0.06 (d) 0.14.

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44. Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons 49. In a bombing attack, there is 50% chance that a bomb will
apply for the houses. Each applies for one house without hit the target. At least two independent hits are required to
consulting others. The probability that all the three apply destroy the target completely. Then the minimum number
for the same house is [2005] of bombs, that must be dropped to ensure that there is at
least 99% chance of completely destroying the target, is
2 1 _________. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(a) (b)
9 9
1
50. The probability of a man hitting a target is . The least
8 7 10
(c) (d) number of shots required, so that the probability of his
9 9
1
hitting the target at least once is greater than ,
1 4
45. Let A and B be two events such that P ( A È B ) = ,
6 is ___________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
1 51. A random variable X has the following probability

1
P( A Ç B) = and P ( A) = , where A stands for distribution:
4 4
complement of event A. Then events A and B are [2005] X : 1 2 3 4 5
2
(a) equally likely and mutually exclusive P(X) : K 2K K 2K 5K2
(b) equally likely but not independent Then, P(X > 2) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(c) independent but not equally likely 7 1
(d) mutually exclusive and independent (a) (b)
12 36
4 1 23
46. The probability that A speaks truth is , while the (c) (d)
5 6 36
52. Let a random variable X have a binomial distribution with
3
probability for B is . The probability that they contradict k
4 mean 8 and variance 4. If P(X d” 2) = 16 , then k is equal
2
each other when asked to speak on a fact is [2004] to:
4 1 [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) (b)
5 5 (a) 17 (b) 121
7 3
(c) (d) (c) 1 (d) 137
20 20
47. A problem in mathematics is given to three students A, B, 53. A person throws two fair dice. He wins Rs. 15 for throwing
C and their respective probability of solving the problem a doublet (same numbers on the two dice), wins Rs. 12
when the throw results in the sum of 9, and loses Rs. 6 for
1 1 1
is , and . Probability that the problem is solved is any other outcome on the throw. Then the expected gain/
2 3 4
loss (in Rs.) of the person is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
[2002]
1 1
3 1 (a) gain (b) loss
(a) (b) 2 4
4 2 1
2 1 (c) loss (d) 2 gain
(c) (d) 2
3 3 54. A bag contains 30 white balls and 10 red balls. 16 balls are
drawn one by one randomly from the bag with replacement.
Random Variables, Probability If X be the number of white balls drawn, then
Distribution, Bernoulli Trails,
TOPIC n Binomial Distribution, Poisson æ mean of X ö
Distribution ç ÷ is equal to:[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
è standard deviation of X ø
48. Four fair dice are thrown independently 27 times. Then the
4 3
expected number of times, at least two dice show up a (a) 4 (b) 4 3 (c) 3 2 (d)
3
three or a five, is ______. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]

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Probability M - 527
55. A box contains 15 green and 10 yellow balls. If 10 balls

1 9
are randomly drawn, one-by-one, with replacement, then (a) log 4 + log 3 (b) log 4 – log 3
the variance of the number of green balls drawn is: [2017] 10 10 10 10
6 12 4 1
(a) (b) (c) 6 (d) 4 (c) log 4 – log 3 (d) log 4 – log 3
25 5 10 10 10 10
56. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. The 62. A pair of fair dice is thrown independently three times. The
probability of at least 5 successes in the six trials of this probability of getting a score of exactly 9 twice is [2007]
experiment is : [Online April 10, 2016] (a) 8/729 (b) 8/243 (c) 1/729 (d) 8/9.
496 192 63. At a telephone enquiry system the number of phone calls
(a) (b)
729 729 regarding relevant enquiry follow Poisson distribution with
240 256 an average of 5 phone calls during 10 minute time intervals.
(c) (d) The probability that there is at the most one phone call
729 729
57. If the mean and the variance of a binomial variate X are during a 10-minute time period is [2006]
2 and 1 respectively, then the probability that X takes a 6 5 6 6
value greater than or equal to one is : (a) (b) (c) (d)
e
[Online April 11, 2015] 5 6 55 e5
9 3 1 15 64. A random variable X has Poisson distribution with mean 2.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Then P (X > 1.5) equals [2005]
16 4 16 16
58. If X has a binomial distribution, B(n, p) with parameters n 2 3 3
(a) 2
(b) 0 (c) 1 - (d) 2
and p such that P(X = 2) = P (X = 3), then E(X), the mean of e 2 e
e
variable X, is [Online April 11, 2014] 65. The mean and the variance of a binomial distribution are 4
p p and 2 respectively. Then the probability of 2 successes is
(a) 2 – p (b) 3 – p (c) (d) [2004]
2 3
59. A multiple choice examination has 5 questions. Each 28 219 128 37
(a) (b) (c) (d)
question has three alternative answers of which exactly 256 256 256 256
one is correct. The probability that a student will get 4 or 66. A random variable X has the probability distribution:
more correct answers ust by guessing is: [2013]
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
17 13 11 10 p(X): 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
(a) (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 5
35 3 3 3 For the events E = {X is a prime number } and
60. Consider 5 independent Bernoulli’s trials each with F = { X < 4}, the P( E È F ) is [2004]
probability of success p. If the probability of at least one
(a) 0.50 (b) 0.77 (c) 0.35 (d) 0.87
31
failure is greater than or equal to , then p lies in the 67. The mean and variance of a random variable X having
32 binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively, then P
interval [2011]
(X = 1) is [2003]
æ 3 11 ù é 1ù
(a) ç , ú (b) ê0, ú 1 1
è 4 12 û ë 2û (a) (b)
4 32
æ 11 ù æ 1 3ù
(c) ç ,1ú (d) ç , ú
è 12 û è 2 4û 1 1
(c) (d)
æ 1ö 16 8
61. In a binomial distribution B ç n, p = ÷ , if the probability
è 4ø 68. A dice is tossed 5 times. Getting an odd number is
9 considered a success. Then the variance of distribution of
of at least one success is greater than or equal to , then
10 success is [2002]
(a) 8/3 (b) 3/8 (c) 4/5 (d) 5/4
n is greater than: [2009]

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5
So,
1. (d) Probability of sum getting 6, P ( A) =
36 æ Nö
P ( B1 ) ´ P ç ÷
6 1 æB ö è B1 ø
Probability of sum getting 7, P ( B ) = = Pç 1÷ =
36 6 è Nø æ Nö æ Nö
P ( B1 ) ´ P ç ÷ + P ( B2 ) ´ P ç ÷
P(A wins) = P ( A) + P( A) P ( B ) P ( A) è B1 ø è B2 ø
+ P ( A) × P( B ) P( A) P( B ) P( A) + ..... 1 20 1
´
2 30 8
5 æ 31ö æ 30 ö æ 5 ö = = 3 = .
Þ + ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ + .....¥ 1 20 1 15 1 15 17
36 è 36 ø è 36 ø è 36 ø ´ + ´ +
2 30 2 20 3 40
5 æ 155 æ 155 ö ö
( )
2
æ E C Ç E3C ö P éë E1 Ç E2 Ç E3 ùû
C C
Þ ç1 + +ç ÷ + ........¥÷
36 è 216 è 216 ø ø 5. (d) P ç 2 ÷ =
è E1 ø P ( E1 )
5 P ( E1 ) - P[ E1 Ç ( E2 È E3 )]
30 =
Þ 36 = æ a ö P( E1 )
61 çèQ S¥ = ÷
61 1- r ø
216 [Q P( A Ç BC ) = P( A) - P( A Ç B)]
(d) E1 [the event for getting score a multiple of 4] P ( E1 ) - P[( E1 Ç E2 ) È ( E1 Ç E3 )]
2. =
= (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4) & (6, 6) P ( E1 )
E2 [4 has appeared atleast once] P( E1 ) - [ P( E1 Ç E2 ) + P( E1 Ç E3 ) - P( E1 Ç E2 Ç E3 )]
=
= (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), P( E1 )
(4, 5) & (4, 6)
P ( E1 ) - P ( E1 Ç E2 ) - P( E1 Ç E3 ) + 0
E1 Ç E2 = (4, 4) =
P ( E1 )
æE ö 1 = 1 - P ( E2 ) - P( E3 ) [Q P( A Ç B ) = P( A) × P( B)]
Pç 2 ÷ =
è E1 ø 9
= P( E2C ) - P( E3 ) or P( E3C ) - P( E2 )
3. (a) Total outcomes = 9(104)
Favourable outcomes 6. (b) P(second A – card appears before the third B– card)
= P (AA) + P (ABA) + P (BAA) + P (ABBA) + P (BBAA)
= 9C2 (25 - 2) + 9C1 (24 - 1) = 36(30) + 9(15)
+ P (BABA)
36 ´ 30 + 9 ´ 15 4 ´ 30 + 15 135
Probability = = = 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
9 ´ 104 104 10 = + + + + + =
4. (b) Let B1 and B2 be the boxes and N be the number of 4 8 8 16 16 16 16
non-prime number. 7. (b) A and B are independent events.
1 1 1
¢) 3 - 3 . 6 1
1
Q P ( B1 ) = P ( B2 ) = æ A ö P ( A Ç B
2 So, P ç ÷ = = =
è B¢ ø P ( B¢) 1 3
and P (non-prime number)
6
æ Nö æNö
= P( B1 ) ´ P ç ÷ + P ( B2 ) ´ P ç ÷ 8. (b) k 0 1 2 3 4 5
è B1 ø è B2 ø
1 12 11 5 2 1
1 20 1 15 P( k )
= ´ + ´ 32 32 32 32 32 32
2 30 2 20
k = No. of times head occur consecutively

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Probability M - 529
Now expectation 14. (b) Q A Ì B; so A Ç B = A
= å xP(k ) = (-1) ´
1 12
+ (-1) ´ + ( -1) ´
11 æ A ö P ( A Ç B)
Now, P ç ÷ =
32 32 32 èBø P( B )
5 2 1 1
+3 ´
+ 4 ´ + 5´ = æ A ö P ( A)
32 32 32 8 Þ Pç ÷ =
è B ø P( B)
9. (a) Required probability = when no machine has fault +
when only one machine has fault + when only two Q P (B) £ 1
machines have fault. æ Aö
Þ P ç ÷ ³ P(A)
æ3ö
5
æ 1 öæ 3 ö
4
æ1ö æ 3ö
2 3 è Bø
= 5C0 ç ÷ + 5C1 ç ÷ç ÷ + 5C2 ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø
4 è øè ø
4 4 è4ø è4ø 15. (c) Let, p is probability for getting head and is probability
243 405 270 918 459 27 ´ 17 for getting tail.

= + + = = =
1024 1024 1024 1024 512 64 ´ 8 1 1
p = P (H) = , q =1- p =
3 3 2 2
æ3ö æ 3 ö 17
=ç ÷ ´k =ç ÷ ´
è4ø è4ø 8 9 9
P ( x ³ 1) ³ Þ 1 - P ( x = 0) ³
17 10 10
\ k=
8 n
æ1ö 9 1 9 1 1
10. (c) Let p is the probability that candidate can solve a 1 - n C0 ç ÷ ³ Þ n £ 1- Þ n £
problem and q is the probability that candidate can not è ø
2 10 2 10 2 10
not solve a problem. 2n ³ 10 Þ n ³ 4 Þ nmin = 4
4 1
p= and q = (Q p + q = 1) 16. (d) Since, the experiment will end in the fifth throw.
5 5 Hence, the possibilities are 4 * * 4 4, * 4 * 4 4, * * * 4 4
Probability of solving either 50 or 49 problem by the (where * is any number except 4)
candidate
æ 1 ö æ 5ö æ 5ö æ 1ö æ 1 ö
= 50C50 . p50 . q0 + 50C49 . p49 . q1 = p49 [p + 50q] Required Probability = çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ø÷
6 6 6 6 6
49 49 3 2
æ 4 ö æ 4 50 ö 54 æ 4 ö æ 5ö æ 1ö æ 5ö 1 1
+ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ æç ö÷ æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ æç ö÷
5 1
= ç ÷ .ç + ÷ =
5 çè 5 ÷ø
.
è5ø è5 5 ø è 6 ø è 6ø è 6 ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø
11. (a) Let, A = At least two girls 25 + 25 + 125 175
= = 5
B = All girls 65 6
æ B ö P ( B Ç A) P( B) 2 1
Pç ÷ = = 17. (b) Probability of getting 5 or 6 = P(E) = =
6 3
è Aø P ( A) P ( A)
1 2
æ1ö
4 Probability of not getting 5 or 6 = P(E) = 1 - =
ç ÷ 3 3
è4ø 1 1
E will consider as success.
æ 1 ö 4 æ 1 ö = 16 - 1 - 4 = 11
= 4 4
4
1 - C0 ç ÷ - C1 ç ÷ Success Success Success in No success
è2ø è2ø Event in Ist in IInd IIIrd in IIIrd
12. (d) According to the question, attempt attempt attempt attempt
n n
æ1ö 99 æ1ö 1 1 2 1
´
2 2 1
´ ´
2 2 2
´ ´
1- ç ÷ > Þç ÷ < Þn³7 Probability 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
è ø
2 100 è ø
2 100
Hence, minimum value is 7. Gain/loss 100 50 0 –150
13. (d) P (at least one hits the target)
His expected gain/loss
= 1 – P (none of them hits the target)
1 2 8
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö = ´ 100 + ´ 50 + ´ (-150)
= 1 - ç1 - ÷ç1 - ÷ç1 - ÷ç 1 - ÷ 3 9 27
è 2 øè 3 øè 4 øè 8 ø
1 2 3 7 7 25 900 + 300 - 1200
=1- ´ ´ ´ =1 - = = =0
2 3 4 8 32 32 27

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18. (c) Probability of getting sum of selected two numbers 23. (a) Let Rt be the even of drawing red ball in tth draw and
is even Bt be the event of drawing black ball in tth draw.
5
Now, in the given bag there are 4 red and 6 black balls.
C2 +5C2
= P( E1 ) = 4 6
11
C2 \ P(R1 ) = and P(B1 ) =
10 10
Probability of getting sum is even and selected numbers
5
C2 æR ö 6 æR ö 4
are also even P(E2) = And, P ç 2 ÷ = and P ç 2 ÷ =
11
C2 è 1ø
R 12 è B1 ø 12
æE ö 5
C2 10 2 Now, required probability
Hence, P ç 2 ÷ = 6 = = .
è E1 ø 5
C2 + C2 15 + 10 5 æR ö æR ö
= P(R1) ´ P ç 2 ÷ + P(B1 ) ´ P ç 2 ÷
1 è 1ø
R è B1 ø
19. (c) P(Outcome is head) = æ 4 6ö æ 6 4ö 2

2 = ç ´ ÷+ç ´ ÷ =
è 10 12 ø è 10 12 ø 5
1
P(Outcome is tail) =
2 P( A Ç B Ç C)
24. (c) Here, P ( A Ç B |C) = .
P (C )
6 5 11
P(7 or 8 is the sum of two dice) = + =
36 36 36 P (C ) – P ( A Ç C – P ( B Ç C ) + P ( A Ç B Ç C ))
=
1 1 2 P (C )
P(7 or 8 is the number of card) = + =
9 9 9
A B
1 11 1 2
Required probability = ´ + ´
2 36 2 9
1 æ 11 + 8 ö 19
= ç =
2 è 36 ÷ø 72
20. (c) Let the number of independent shots required to hit P (A Ç B Ç C )
the target at least once be n, then C
n n
æ 2ö 5 æ 2ö 1 é P ( A ) . P (C ) + P ( B ). P ( C ) ù
1- ç ÷ > ç ÷ <
è 3ø 6 è 3ø =1– ê ú
P (C )
6
ë û
Hence, the above inequality holds when least value of
n is 5. = 1 – P (A) – P (B) = P ( A ) – P (B)( Q P (A Ç B Ç C) = 0)
25. (a) If the outcome is one of the following:
21. (d) X = number of aces drawn H, TTH, TTTTH, ..., then X wins.
\ P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) As subsequent tosses are independent, so the
probability that X wins is
ì 4 48 48 4 ü ì 4 4ü
=í ´ + ´ ý+í ´ ý p p 4p
î 52 52 52 52 þ î 52 52 þ p+ + + ... = .
4 16 3
24 1 25 Similarly Y wins if the outcome is one of the following: TH,
= + =
169 169 169 TTTH, TTTTTH, ...
22. (d) Let G represents drawing a green ball and R represents Therefore, the probability that Y wins is
1 - p 1 - p 1 - p 2(1 - p)
drawing a red ball + + =
So, the probability that second drawn ball is red 2 8 32 3
Since, the probability of winning the game by both the
æ Rö æ Rö players is equal then, we have
= P (G ) × P èç ø÷ + P ( R ) P èç ø÷
G R
4 p 2(1 - p) 1
2 6 5 4 = Þ p=
= ´ + ´ 3 3 3
7 7 7 7
12 + 20 26. (b) Let A º {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ......., 10}
=
49 n (S) = 11C2 = 55 where 'S' denotes sample space
Let E be the given event
32
= \ E º {(0, 4), (0, 8), (2, 6), (2, 10), (4, 8), (6, 10)}
49

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Probability M - 531
Þ n (E) = 6 And P(E1 Ç E2 Ç E 3) = 0 ¹ P (E1) . P(E2) . P(E3)

n(E) 6 Þ E1, E2, E3 are not independent.
\ P(E) = =
n(S) 55 2 8 3
1 31. (b) P(A) = = ; P(A Ç B) =
27. (a) P ( E Ç F) = P (E ) . P (F) = 5 20 20
12
( )
3
( )
P EÇF =P E .P F = ( ) ( ) 1
2
P AÇ B = 1 –
20
A B
Þ (1 – P(E)) (1 – P(F)) =
1
2
Þ P AÈ B = (
17
20
) 5 3
Let P(E) = x A Ç (A' È B')

P(F) = y = A – (A Ç B)
1 5
Þ 1 – x – y + xy = \ P (A – (A Ç B)) =
2 20
Þ 1 – x – y=
1 1
-
5 P ( A - ( A Ç B) ) 5
= \ P (A / (A' Ç B')) =
( )
2 12 12 =
P AÈ B 17
7
Þ x+y= 32. (d) Required probability is
12
( ) + ( 10C1 ) + ( 10 C2 ) ( 10 C10 )
10 2 2 2 2
1 7 é 1ù C0 + ....... +
Þ x+ = êQ x . y = 12 ú
12x 12 ë û 210
Þ 12x2 – 7x + 1 = 0 20
C10
Þ 2
12x – 4x – 3x + 1 = 0 =
Þ (4x – 1) (3x – 1) = 0 220
1 1 1 1 5
Þ x= ,x= 33. (a) Given, P( A È B ) = Þ P( A È B ) = 1 - =
3 4 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 3
and y = , y = P ( A) = Þ P ( A) = 1 - =
4 3 4 4 4
14 3 We know,
x 13 4
\ = = or = P ( A È B ) = P( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B)
y 14 3 13 4
5 3 1
28. (a) Required probability = Þ = + P( B ) -
6 4 4
æ 1ö
æ 3 ö æ 1 ö æ 3ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 3ö æ 3 ö æ 1 ö æ 3ö çèQ P( A Ç B) = ÷ø
ç 4 ÷ ç 2÷ ç8÷ + ç 4÷ ç 2÷ ç8÷ + ç 4÷ ç 2 ÷ ç8÷ 4
è øè øè ø è øè øè ø è øè øè ø 1
Þ P(B) =
12 + 9 21 3
=
64
=
64 Q P ( A) ¹ P ( B ) so they are not equally likely.
29. (b) Required probability = 1 – {P (All Head) + P (All Tail)} 3 1 1
Also P ( A) ´ P( B ) =´ = = P( A Ç B)
ì1 1ü 4 3 4
= 1- í 8 + 8 ý So A & B are independent.
î2 2 þ 34. (a) Let A and E be any two events with positive
probabilities.
ì1 ü
= 1- í 7 ý Consider statement-1 :
î2 þ
P(E / A) ³ P(A / E)P(E)
ì 1 ü 127 P(E Ç A)
= 1- í ý = LHS : P (E/A) = ...(1)
î128 þ 128 P(A)
1 P(E Ç A)
30. (b) P(E1) =
1
; P(E 2 ) = ; P(E 3 ) =
1 RHS : P(A/E). P(E) = × P(E)
6 6 2 P(E)
= P(A Ç E) ...(2)
1 1 1
P(E1Ç E 2 ) = , P(E 2 Ç E3 ) = , P(E1Ç E3 ) = Clearly, from (1) and (2), we have
36 12 12

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M - 532 Mathematics
P(E/A) ³ P(A Ç E) 2 3 2 æ3ö 2

2
æ3ö 2 7
k
37. (a) + ´ + ç ÷ ´ + ...... + ç ÷ . >
Thus, statement-1 is true. 5 5 5 è5ø 5 è 5 ø 5 10
Similarly, statement-2 is also true.
2 é 3 æ3ö æ 3ö ù 7
2 k
35. (a) P(A or B but not by C) = P((A È B) Ç C ) Þ ê1 + + ç ÷ + ...... + ç ÷ ú >
5 ë 5 è5ø è 5 ø û 10
= P(A È B) × P(C) k
æ3ö
= [P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)] × P(C) 1- ç ÷ k
2 è5ø 7 æ3ö 7
Þ ´ > Þ 1- ç ÷ >
é 3 1 3 1 ù 3 æ 6 + 4 - 3 ö 3 21 5 3 10 è5ø 10
= ê + - ´ ú ´ = çè ÷´ = 1-
ë 4 2 4 2û 8 8 ø 8 64 5
36. (a) Let the probability of occurrence of first event A, be k
æ3ö 3
‘a’ Þ ç ÷ < Þ k³3
è5ø 10
i.e., P(A) = a
\ P(not A) = 1 – a Hence minimum value of k = 3
And also suppose that probability of occurrence of second 38. (b) Given three numbers are chosen without replacement
event B, P(B) = b, from = {1,2,3,.....,8}
\ P(not B) = 1 – b Let Event
26 F : Maximum of three numbers is 6.
Now, P(A and not B) + P(not A and B) = E : Minimum of three numbers is 3.
49
26 This is the case of conditional probability
Þ P(A) × P(not B) + P(not A) × P(B) = We have to find P (minimum) is 3 when it is given that P
49
(maximum) is 6.
26
Þ a × (1 – b) + (1 – a) b = æ E ö P (E Ç F )
2
C 2 1
49 s\ P çè ÷ø = = 5 1 = =
F P (F) C2 10 5
26
Þ a + b – 2ab = ...(i) 39. (d) P(A Ç B /C) =
c c
49
And P(not A and not B) =

15 ((
P Ac Ç B c Ç C ) ) = P (( A È B) Ç C )
c
49 P (C ) P (C )
Þ P (not A) × P(not B) =
15 P (( S - A È B) Ç C )
=
P (C )
49
15
Þ (1 – a) × (1 – b) = P (( S - A - B + A Ç B ) Ç C )
49 =
15 P ( C)
Þ 1 – b – a + ab = P(C) – P(A Ç C) – P(B Ç C) + P(A Ç B Ç C)
49 =
34 P(C)
Þ a + b – ab = ...(ii) P(C) – P(A).P(C) – P(B)P(C) + 0
49 =
From (i) and (ii), P(C)
42 = 1 - P ( A) - P ( B ) [Q P(AC) = 1–P(A)]
a+b= ...(iii)
49 = P ( Ac ) - P ( B )
8 40. (a) We know,
and ab =
49
æ C ö P (C Ç D) P(C )
42 42 4 ´ 8 196 Pç ÷ = = [Q C Ì D]
(a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab = ´ - = è Dø P ( D) P ( D)
49 49 49 2401
Where, 0 £ P ( D ) £ 1 , hence
14
\ a–b= ...(iv) æ Cö
49 P ç ÷ ³ P (C )
From (iii) and (iv), è Dø
4 2 41. (d) Given that
a= ,b= 1 1 3
7 7 P = Þ q =1- =
4 4 4 4
Hence probability of more probable of the two events =
7 9
and P (x ³ 1) ³
10

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Probability M - 533
9 1 1
Þ 1 – P (x = 0) ³ 47. (a) Given that P(A) = , P (B) = and
10 2 3
0 n _ _ _
Þ æ1ö æ3ö 9 1
1 - nC0 ç ÷ ç ÷ ³ P (C) = ; P ( AUBUC ) = 1 - P ( A) P ( B ) P (C )
è4ø è4ø 10 4
9 æ 3ö
n æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö 1 2 3 3
Þ = 1 - ç1 - ÷ ç 1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ = 1 - ´ ´ =
1- ³ç ÷ è 2 ø è 3ø è 4ø 2 3 4 4
10 è 4 ø
48. (11)
n
æ 3ö æ 1ö Probability of getting at least two 3's or 5's in one trial
Þ ç ÷ £ç ÷
è 4ø è 10 ø
2 2 3 4
Taking log at the base 3/4, on both sides, we get æ 2ö æ 4ö æ 2ö æ 4ö æ 2ö
= 4C2 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 4C3 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 4C4 ç ÷
æ3ö æ1ö è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø
n log3/4 ç ÷ ³ log3/4 ç ÷
è4ø è 10 ø
33 11
- log10 10 -1 = =
Þ n ³ - log3/4 10 = = 34 27
æ 3ö log10 3 - log10 4
log10 ç ÷
è 4ø æ 11 ö
E (x) = np = 27 ç ÷ = 11.
1 è 27 ø
Þ n³
log10 4 - log10 3 49. (11.00)
1 Let 'n' bombs are required, then
42. (b) Given that P(A) = 1/4, P(A/B) = , P(B/A) = 2/3
2 1 n -1 0 n
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö 99
By conditional probability, 1 - nC1 × ç ÷ ç ÷ - n C0 ç ÷ ç ÷ ³
è2ø è2ø è ø è ø
2 2 100
P(A Ç B) = P(A) P(B/A) = P(B)P(A/B)
1 2 1 1 1 n +1
Þ ´ = P ( B ) ´ Þ P( B ) = Þ ³ n Þ 2 n ³ 100( n + 1) Þ n ³ 11
4 3 2 3 100 2
43. (d) Given that P(I) = 0.3 and P(II) = 0.2 50. (3.00)
\ P( I ) = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
1 9
\ The required probability p= ,q=
10 10
= P ( I Ç II ) = P( I ).P( II ) = 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.14 n
æ 9ö
1 P (not hitting target in n trials) = ç ÷
44. (b) Probability of particular house being selected =
3 è 10 ø
P (all the persons apply for the same house)
n
æ1 1 1ö 1 æ 9ö
= ç ´ ´ ÷3 = . P (at least one hit) = 1 - ç ÷
è 3 3 3ø 9 è 10 ø
1 1 1
, P ( A Ç B ) = and P ( A) =
n
45. (c) P ( A È B) = æ 9ö 1
Q1 - ç ÷ > Þ (0.9) < 0.75
n
6 4 4
è 10 ø 4
5 3
Þ P ( A È B ) = , P( A) =
6 4 \ nminimum = 3.
Also Þ P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B )
5 3 1 1
51. (d) å P( K ) = 1 Þ 6K2 + 5K = 1
Þ P( B) = - + =
6 4 4 3 6K2 + 5K – 1 = 0
3 1 1 6K2 + 6K – K – 1 = 0
Þ P ( A) P ( B ) = - = = P( A Ç B)
4 3 4 Þ (6K – 1) (K + 1) = 0
Hence A and B are independent but not equally likely.
1
46. (c) A and B will contradict each other if one speaks truth Þ K= (K = – 1 reected)
6
and other false . So , the required probability
P(X > 2) = K + 2K + 5K2
4 æ 3 ö æ 4ö 3
P(AÇ B ) + P ( A Ç B) = 5 çè 1 - 4 ÷ø + çè1 - 5 ÷ø 4 1 2 5 6 + 12 + 5 23
= + + = =
4 1 1 3 7 6 6 36 36 36
= ´ + ´ =
5 4 5 4 20

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M - 534 Mathematics
52. (d) Given mean µ = 8 and variance s2 = 4 56. (d) Let p(F) = p Þ p(S) = 2p
Þ µ = np = 8 and s2 = npq = 4. 1
Q p + 2p = 1 Þ p =
1 1 3
p + q = 1 Þ q = , p = and n = 16 p(x > 5) = p(x = 5) + p(x = 6)
2 2
5 1 6 0
k 6 æ2ö æ1ö æ 2ö æ1ö
= C5 ç ÷ ç ÷ + C5 ç ÷ ç ÷
6
QP (X £ 2) =
216 è ø è ø
3 3 è 3ø è 3ø
5
16 16 16 æ 2ö æ 1 2ö 256
16 æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö k = ç ÷ ç6 ´ + ÷ =
\ C0 ç ÷ +16 C1 ç ÷ +16 C2 ç ÷ = 16 è 3ø è 3 3 ø 729
è2ø è2ø è2ø 2
57. (d) Let mean = np = 2 ...(1)
Þ k = (1 + 16 + 120) = 137 and variance = npq = 1 ...(2)
53. (c) Let X be the random variable which denotes the Rs
On solving eqn (1) and (2), we get

gained by the person. 1 1
Total cases = 6 × 6 = 36. q = and p =
2 2
Favorable cases for the person on winning ` 15 are From eqn (1), we have
(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6) i.e., 6 cases. n=4
P (x ³ 1) = 4C1p1q3 + 4C2p2q2 + 4C3p3q + 4C4p4
6 1
\ P (X = 15) = =
36 6 4
æ 1ö 1 15
= 1 – 4C0p0q4 = 1 - ç ÷ = 1 - =
Favorable cases for the person on winning ` 12 are (6, 3), è 2ø 16 16
(5, 4), (4, 5), (3, 6) i.e., 4.
58. (b) Since X has a binomial distribution, B (n, p)
4 1
\ P (X = 12) = = \ P (X = 2) = nC2 (p)2 (1 – p)n–2
36 9
and P (X = 3) = nC3 (p)3 (1 – p)n–3
Remaining cases = 36 – 6 – 4 = 26
Given P (X = 2) = P (X = 3)
26 13
\ P (X = – 6) = = Þ nC
2 p2 (1 – p)n–2 = nC3 (p)3 (1 – p)n–3
36 18
15 12 –6 n! p 2 (1 - p ) n n! p 3 (1 - p ) n
X Þ . = .
1 1 13 2!( n - 2)! (1 - p ) 2 3!(n - 3)! (1 - p )3
P (X ) 6 9 18 1 p
1
Þ = . Þ 3 (1 – p) = p (n – 2)
5 4 -13 n - 2 3 1- p
X . P (X ) 2 3 3 Þ 3 – 3p = np – 2p
5 4 13 1 Þ np = 3 – p
Hence, E (X) = å X .P( X ) = 2 + 3 - 3 =-
2 Þ E(X) = mean = 3 – p
(Q mean of B (n, p) = np)
30 3 10 1
54. (b) P(white ball) = = , Q(red ball) = = , n = 16 59. (c) p = p (correct answer), q = p (wrong answer)
40 4 40 4
1 2
Mean of X nP nP Þ P= , q = , n =5
= = 3 3
standard deviation of X nPQ Q
By using Binomial distribution
3 Required probability
16 ´
4 = 48 = 4 3 4 5
æ 1ö 2 5 æ 1ö
P(x ³ 4) = C4 ç ÷ · + C5 ç ÷
= 1 5
è 3ø 3 è 3ø
4
2 1 11
55. (b) We can apply binomial probability distribution = 5· 5 + 5 = 5
3 3 3
We have n = 10
15 3 31
p = Probability of drawing a green ball = = 60. (b) Given that p (at least one failure) ³
25 5 32
3 2 31
Also q = 1 - = Þ 1 – p (no failure) ³
5 5 32
3 2 12 31
Variance = npq = 10 × ´ = Þ1 - p ³
5
5 5 5 32

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Probability M - 535
1 1 Given mean (m) = 5

Þp £ Þ p£
5
32 2 P (at most 1 phone call)
But p ³ 0
= P ( X £ 1) = P ( X = 0) + P( X = 1)
é 1ù 6
Hence p lies in the interval ê0, ú . = e -5 + 5 ´ e -5 =
ë 2û e5
61. (d) Given that
64. (c) From poission distribution, probability of getting k
1 1 3
P = Þ q =1- = successes is
4 4 4
lk
and P (x ³ 1) ³
9 P ( x = k ) = e -l
10 k!
9 Given mean (l) = 2
Þ 1 – P (x = 0) ³
10 P ( x ³ 2) = 1 - P ( x = 0) - P ( x = 1)
0 n
Þ æ1ö æ3ö 9 æ lö
1 - nC0 ç ÷ ç ÷ ³ = 1 - e-l - e-l ç ÷ = 1 - 3 .
è ø è ø
4 4 10 è 1!ø e2
n
9 æ 3ö (a) Given that mean = np = 4 and variance = npq = 2
Þ 1- ³ç ÷ 65.
10 è 4 ø
1
n Þ p=q= and n = 8
æ 3ö æ 1ö
Þ ç ÷ £ç ÷ 2
è 4ø è 10 ø 6 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
Taking log at the base 3/4, on both sides, we get \ P(2 success) = 8C2 ç ÷ ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
æ3ö æ1ö
n log3/4 ç ÷ ³ log3/4 ç ÷ 28 28
è ø
4 è 10 ø = 8 =
2 256
- log10 10 -1 66. (b) P(E) = P ( 2 or 3 or 5 or 7)
Þ n ³ - log 3/4 10 = =
æ 3ö log10 - log10 4
3 = 0.23 + 0.12 + 0.20 + 0.07 = 0.62
log10 ç ÷
è 4ø
P ( F ) = P (1 or 2 or 3) = 0.15 + 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.50
1
Þ n³ P ( E Ç F ) = P(2 or 3) = 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.35
log10 4 - log10 3
We know that
62. (b) The sample space of pair of fair dice is thrown,
P ( EUF ) = P ( E ) + P ( F ) - P ( E Ç F )
S = (1, 1), (1, 2) (1, 3) .... = 36
= 0.62 + 0.50 - 0.35 = 0.77
Sum 9 are (5, 4), (4, 5), (6, 3), (3, 6)
67. (b) Given that np = 4 and
4 1
P(score 9) = = 1 1
36 9 npq = 2 Þ q = , p = ,n = 8
2 2
Number of trial = 3 7
æ 1 ö æ 1ö 1 1 1
\ Probability of getting score 9 exactly twice P( X = 1) = 8C1 ç ÷ ç ÷ = 8. 8 = 5 =
è 2 ø è 2ø 2 2 32
2 68. (d) The experiment follows binomial distribution with
æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 3C2 × ç ÷ . ç1 - ÷ = 3! ´ 1 ´ 1 ´ 8 n = 5, p = 3/6 = 1/2.
è 9ø è 9ø 2! 9 9 9
q = 1 – p = 1/2.;
3.2! 1 1 8 8
= ´ ´ ´ = \ Variance = npq = 5/4.
2! 9 9 9 243
63. (d) From poission distribution
e-m mr
P( X = r ) =
r!

EBD_8344
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M-536 Mathematics
28
Properties of
Triangles
b+c c+a a+b

Properties of Triangle, Solutions of 5. Given = = for a DABC with usual
TOPIC Ć Triangles, Inscribed & Enscribed 11 12 13
Circles, Regular Polygons cos A cos B cos C
notation. If = = , then the ordered triad
a b γ
1. Let A(3, 0, –1), B(2, 10, 6) and C (1, 2, 1) be the vertices of (a, b, g) has a value : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
a triangle and M be the midpoint of AC. If G divides BM in (a) (7, 19, 25) (b) (3, 4, 5)
the ratio, 2 : 1, then cos (ÐGOA) (O being the origin) is (c) (5, 12, 13) (d) (19, 7, 25)
6. With the usual notation, in DABC, if ÐA + ÐB = 120 ,
equal to : [April 10, 2019 (I)]
a= 3 + 1 and b = 3 - 1, then the ratio ÐA : ÐB, is:
1 1 [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b) (a) 7 : 1 (b) 5 : 3
2 15 15
(c) 9 : 7 (d) 3 : 1
1 1 a
(c) (d) 7. In a DABC, = 2 + 3 and ÐC = 60 . Then the ordered
6 10 30 b
2. The angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC are in A.P. and pair (ÐA, ÐB) is equal to : [Online April 10, 2015]
(a) (45 , 75 ) (b) (105 , 15 )
a : b = 1 : 3 . If c = 4 cm, then the area (in sq.cm) of this (c) (15 , 105 ) (d) (75 , 45 )
triangle is : [April 10, 2019 (II)] 8. ABCD is a trapeium such that AB and CD are
2 parallel and BC ^ CD. If ÐADB = q, BC = p and CD = q,
(a) (b) 4 3
3 then AB is equal to : [2013]
4 ( p 2 + q 2 ) sin q p 2 + q 2 cos q
(c) 2 3 (d) (a) (b)
3 p cos q + q sin q p cos q + q sin q
3. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle are in A.P. and the
p2 + q2 ( p 2 + q 2 ) sin q
greatest angle is double the smallest, then a ratio of lengths (c) (d)
p cos q + q sin q
2 2
( p cos q + q sin q) 2
of the sides of this triangle is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
b+c c+a a+b
(a) 5 : 9 : 13 (b) 4 : 5 : 6 9. If in a triangle ABC, = = , then cosA is
11 12 13
(c) 3 : 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 6 : 7 equal to [2012]
4. In a triangle, the sum of lengths of two sides is x and the (a) 5/7 (b) 1/5
product of the lengths of the same two sides is y. if
(c) 35/19 (d) 19/35
x 2 - c 2 = y , where c is the length of the third side of the 10. In a DPQR, If 3 sin P + 4 cos Q = 6 and 4 sin Q + 3 cos
P = 1, then the angle R is equal to : [2012]
triangle, then the circumradius of the triangle is :
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] 5p p
(a) (b)
3 c 6 6
(a) y (b)
2 3 p 3p
(c) (d)
c y 4 4
(c) (d)
3 3

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Properties of Triangles M-537
11. For a regular polygon, let r and R be the radii of the inscribed 17. The sum of the radii of inscribed and circumscribed circles
and the circumscribed circles. A false statement among for an n sided regular polygon of side a , is [2003]
the following is [2010]
a æp ö æp ö
r 1 (a) 4 cot ç 2 n ÷ (b) a cot ç n ÷
(a) There is a regular polygon with = è ø è ø
R 2
r 2 a æp ö æp ö
(b) There is a regular polygon with = (c) 2 cot ç 2 n ÷ (d) a cot ç 2 n ÷ .
R 3 è ø è ø
r 3 18. In a triangle with sides a, b, c, r1 > r2 > r3

(c) There is a regular polygon with =
R 2 (which are the ex-radii) then [2002]
r 1 (a) a >b > c (b) a b and b < c (d) a c
12. If in a DABC , the altitudes from the vertices A, B, C on 19. The sides of a triangle are 3x+4y, 4x+3y and 5x+5y where x,
opposite sides are in H.P, then sin A, sin B, sin C are in y > 0 then the triangle is [2002]
[2005] (a) right angled (b) obtuse angled
(a) G. P. (b) A. P.
(c) equilateral (d) none of these
(c) A.P -G..P. (d) H. P
p
13. In a triangle ABC, let ÐC = . If r is the inradius and R is TOPIC n Heights & Distances
2
the circumradius of the triangle ABC, then 2 (r + R) equals
[2005] 20. A ray of light coming from the point (2, 2 3) is incident at
(a) b + c (b) a + b an angle 30 on the line x = 1 at the point A. The ray gets
reflected on the line x = 1 and meets x-axis at the point B.
(c) a + b + c (d) c + a Then, the line AB passes through the point:
14. The sides of a triangle are sin a, cos a and [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
p æ 1 ö æ 3ö
1 + sin a cos a for some 0 < a < . Then the greatest (a) ç 3, - ÷ (b) ç 4, - ÷
2 è 3ø è 2 ø
angle of the triangle is [2004]
(c) (3, - 3) (d) (4, - 3)
(a) 150 (b) 90
(c) 120 (d) 60 21. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill from a point on
the horiontal plane passing through the foot of the hill is
æCö æ A ö 3b

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6. A relation on the set A = {x : |x| < 3, x ÎZ },

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whose number is divisible by 3 opted Physics course and

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1. (28) 2m = 112 + 2n Þ 2m - 2n = 112 (c) sinq – cosq =

\ Number of required subsets

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P = {30, 60, 90, 120} n ( P Ç C) = n ( P ) + n (C) - n ( P È C)

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5. The domain of the definition of the function

17 17 - 1 1 + 17 17 (a) ( -1,0) È (1,2) È ( 2, ¥) (b) (a, 2)

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æ 2 4ö æ 3 4ö where a is a given constant and f (0) = 0, f (2a – x) is equal

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9. (d) The given equation

where f1(x) = is even function

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17. (b) Given that a graph symmetrical. with respect to line

ì sin( -q) = - sin q ü

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13. The value of [April 9, 2019 (II)]

1 1 (a) 5(2 + 3) (b) 5( 3 + 1)

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p+q æp qö 29. If u = a 2 cos 2 q + b 2 sin 2 q + a 2 sin 2 q + b 2 cos 2 q

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(c) ç - , - ú (d) ê - , - ú (c) 4 (d) 2

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is a correct explanation for statement-1. 2π π 4π π 3π 8π

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1. (b) 3(sin q – cos q)4 + 6(sin q + cos q)2 + 4sin6 q 2

= 9 + 12cos2q – 12cos4 q + 4(1 – cos6 q – 3cos2 q + 3cos4 q) æ 3ö æ 3ö

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13. (b) cos2 10 – cos10 cos50 + cos2 50 2

sin4a + 4cos4b + 1 + 1 ³ 4 2 sin a× |cos b |

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Þ [sina + sin b + sin g ]2 + (cos a + cos b + cos g )2 = 0

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Then the system of equations will be ; æ1 ö

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ì sin q ü Þ esin x = 2 ± 5 (Q t = esin x )

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