PMC Topic-2 Logical Problems

INTRODUCTION
The word logic is derived from the Greek word “logos” meaning both “Thought” and “the word
expressing thought”
Thus the logic is the science of thought as expressed in languages. This means that the questions
on logic are to be solved as per the information given without any concern of the formal validity
or truth of the statement i.e., conclusion should follow directly from the statements given.
In logical problems, a syllogism is a deductive argument in which conclusion has to be drawn
from two or more propositions referred as the premises (Statements).
Here we deal with statements comprising of two or more arguments premises, followed by the
conclusions.
For better understanding, the structure of argument is given below.
Statements : All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Some camel are cows.  Premises 

I. Some lions are camels.
Argument  
II. No camel is tiger.  Conclusions
III. Some tigers are cows. 
 
Which of the following is most appropriate in the above case
A. Only I B. Only II
C. Only III D. I, II and III are inappropriate
In all logical problems we face the statements like, Some A are B, All A are B, Some A are not
B, No A are B.
Understanding the sense of these statements is the key to reach out the final and appropriate
conclusion.
These facts can be summarized as follows:
Statement Form Quantity Quality
1 Some A are B Particular Positive
2 All A are B Universal Positive
3 Some A are not B Particular Negative
4 No A are B Universal Negative

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PRACTICE EXERCISE
TYPE-I (WITH TWO PREMISES & TWO CONCLUSIONS)
Q.1 Statements:
Some kings are queens. All queens are beautiful.
Conclusions:
I. All kings are beautiful.
II. All queens are kings.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
Q.2 Statements:
All hill stations have a sun-set point. X is a hill station.
Conclusions:
I. X has a sun-set point.
II. Places other than hill stations do not have sun-set points.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
Q.3 Statements:
All pens are chalks. All chairs are chalks.
Conclusions:
I. Some pens are chairs.
II. Some chalks are pens.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
Q.4 Statements:
Ramzan is always successful. No fool is always successful.
Conclusions:
I. Ramzan is a fool.
II. Ramzan is not a fool.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
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Q.5 Statements:
No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes.
Conclusions:
I. Male athletes can play.
II. Some athletes can play.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
Q.6 Statements:
All roads are waters. Some waters are boats.
Conclusions:
I. Some boats are roads.
II. All waters are boats.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
Q.7 Statements:
No bat is ball. No ball is wicket.
Conclusions:
I. No bat is wicket.
II. All wickets are bats.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
Q.8 Statements:
All flowers are trees. No fruit is tree.
Conclusions:
I. No fruit is flower.
II. Some trees are flowers.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate
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Q.9 Statements:

Some desks are caps. No cap is red.

Conclusions:

I. Some caps are desks.

II. No desk is red.

A. Only I B. Only II

C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate

Q.10 Statements:

Some pastries are toffees. All toffees are chocolates.

Conclusions:

I. Some chocolates are toffees.

II. Some toffees are not pastries.

A. Only I B. Only II

C. I and II D. I and II are inappropriate

TYPE-II (WITH TWO PREMISES & FOUR CONCLUSIONS)

Q.11 Statements:

All branches are flowers. All flowers are leaves.

Conclusions:

I. All branches are leaves.

II. All leaves are branches.

III. All flowers are branches.

IV. Some leaves are branches.

A. Only I and III B. Only I and IV

C. Only II and III D. Only II and IV

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Q.12 Statements:

Some bags are pockets. No pocket is a pouch.

Conclusions:

I. No bag is a pouch.

II. Some bags are not pouches.

III. Some pockets are bags.

IV. No pocket is a bag,

A. Only I B. Only I and III

C. Only II and III D. None of these

Q.13 Statements:
All aeroplanes are trains. Some trains are chairs.
Conclusions:
I. Some aeroplanes are chairs.
II. Some chairs are aeroplanes.
III. Some chairs are trains.
IV. Some trains are aeroplanes.
A. Only III and IV B. Only I and II
C. Only II and III D. III and IV are inappropriate

Q.14 Statements:
All politicians are honest. All honest are fair.
Conclusions:
I. Some honest are politicians.
II. No honest is politician.
III. Some fair are politicians.
IV. All fair are politicians.
A. Only III B. Only I
C. Only I and II D. Only I and III
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Q.15 Statements:

Some clothes are marbles. Some marbles are bags.

Conclusions:

I. No cloth is a bag.

II. All marbles are bags.

III. Some bags are clothes.

IV. No marble is a cloth.

A. Only I B. Only II and III

C. Only IV D. None of these

TYPE-III (WITH THREE PREMISES & THREE CONCLUSIONS)

Q.16 Statements:

All fruits are vegetables. All pens are vegetables. All vegetables are rains.

Conclusions:

I. All fruits are rains.

II. All pens are rains.

III. Some rains are vegetables.

A. Only I and II B. Only II and III

C. Only I and III D. I, II and III

Q.17 Statements:

Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains.

Conclusions:

I. Some curtains are pictures.

II. Some curtains are frames.

III. Some idols are frames.

A. Only I and II B. Only II and III

C. Only I and III D. I, II and III

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Q.18 Statements:

Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads.

Conclusions:

I. Some roads are rivers.

II. Some roads are hills.

III. Some deserts are hills.

A. Only I and II B. Only I

C. Only II and III D. I, II and III inappropriate

Q.19 Statements:

Some saints are balls. All balls are bats. Some tigers are balls.

Conclusions:

I. Some bats are tigers.

II. Some saints are bats.

III. All bats are balls.

A. Only I and II B. Only II

C. Only I and III D. Only III

Q.20 Statements:

Some pens are books. All schools are books. Some colleges are schools.

Conclusions:

I. Some colleges are pens.

II. Some pens are schools.

III. Some colleges are books.

A. Only I and II B. Only II and III

C. Only I and III D. None of these

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Q.21 Statements:

All trains are buses. No room is bus. All boats are rooms.

Conclusions:

I. No boat is train.

II. No bus is boat.

III. No train is room.

A. Only I and III B. Only I and II

C. Only II and III D. I, II and III

Q.22 Statements:

Some blades are hammers. Some hammers are knives. Some knives are axes.

Conclusions:

I. Some axes are hammers.

II. Some knives are blades.

III. Some axes are blades.

A. I, II and III are inappropriate B. Only I

C. Only II D. Only III

Q.23 Statements:

Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings.
Conclusions:

I. Some rings are hammers.

II. Some hammers are boxes.

III. Some rings are boxes.

A. I, II and III B. Only I

C. Only I and II D. Only II and III

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Q.24 Statements:

Some blankets are beds. Some pillows are blankets. All beds are pillows.

Conclusions:

I. Some blankets are pillows.

II. Some pillows are beds.

III. Some beds are blankets.

A. Only I B. Only II

C. Only II and III D. I, II and III

Q.25 Statements:

All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows. All cars are bottles.

Conclusions:

I. All cars are windows.

II. Some cars are dolls.

III. Some windows are cars.

A. Only I and II B. Only II and III

C. Only I and III D. I, II and III

Q.26 Statements:

All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Some camels are cows.
Conclusions:

I. Some lions are camels.

II. No camel- is tiger.

III. Some tigers are cows.

A. I, II and III are inappropriate B. Only I

C. Only II D. Only III

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Q.27 Statements:

All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees.

Conclusions:

I. Some angels are toys.

II. Some trees are flowers.

III. Some flowers are angels.

A. I, II and III are inappropriate B. Only I and III

C. Only II D. Only III

Q.28 Statements:

Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow.

Conclusions:

I. No cow is cat.

II. No dog is rat.

III. Some cats are rats.

A. I, II and III B. Only I and II

C. Only II and III D. Only III

Q.29 Statements:

All snakes are trees. Some trees are roads. All roads are mountains.
Conclusions:

I. Some mountains are snakes.

II. Some roads are snakes.

III. Some mountains are trees.

A. Only I B. Only II

C. Only III D. Both I and II

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Q.30 Statements:

All trees are flowers. No flower is fruit. All branches are fruits.

Conclusions:

I. Some branches are trees.

II. No fruit is tree.

III. No tree is branch.

A. Only I B. Only III

C. Only II D. None of these

Q.31 Statements:

Some uniforms are covers. All covers are papers. All papers are bags.

Conclusions:

I. All covers are bags.

II. Some bags are covers, papers and uniforms.

III. Some uniforms are not papers.

A. Only I B. Only I and II

C. Only III D. I, II and III

Q.32 Statements:

No rabbit is lion. Some horses are lions. All rabbits are tables.
Conclusions:

I. Some tables are lions.

II. Some horses are rabbits.

III. No lion is table.

A. Only III B. Only II

C. Only II and III D. None of these

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Q.33 Statements:

Some Cakes are Roses. All roses are Trucks. No Trucks are Bricks.

Conclusions:

I. Some Trucks are Cakes.

II. Some Bricks are Roses

III. All Cakes are Trucks

A. Only I B. Only III

C. Only I and II D. Only II and III

Q.34 Statements:

All Tigers are Dogs. Some Tigers are Cats. All Cats are Lions.

Conclusions:

I. Some Dogs are Lions.

II. All Cats are Dogs.

III. Some Lions are Tigers.

A. Only I B. Only II

C. Only I and III D. I, II and III are inappropriate

Q.35 Statements:

Some Bikes are Cars. All ships are Trains. Some Buses are Cars.

Conclusions:

I. All Cars are Trains.

II. Some Buses are Bikes.

III. Some Cars are Buses.

A. Only I B. Only I and III

C. Only II and III D. Only III

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TYPE-IV (WITH THREE PREMISES & FOUR CONCLUSIONS)

Q.36 Statements:
Some dogs are rats. All rats are trees. Some trees are not dogs.
Conclusions:
I. Some trees are dogs.
II. All dogs are trees.
III. All rats are dogs.
IV. No tree is dog.
A. Only II and III B. Only I
C. Only I and II D. None of these
Q.37 Statements:
Some bricks are trees. All trees are pens. All pens are boats.
Conclusions:
I. Some boats are bricks.
II. Some pens are bricks.
III. Some trees are bricks.
IV. Some bricks are boats.
A. Only I and II B. Only III and IV
C. Only I and IV D. All follows
Q.38 Statements:
Some tigers are lions. Some lions are rabbits. Some rabbits are horses.
Conclusions:
I. Some tigers are horses.
II. Some rabbits are tigers.
III. Some horses are lions.
IV. All horses are rabbits.
A. Only IV B. Only II and IV
C. Only I and II D. None of these
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Q.39 Statements:

All players are spectators. Some spectators are theatres. Some theatres are dramas.

Conclusions:

I. Some dramas are spectators.

II. Some players are dramas.

III. Some theatres are players.

IV. All spectators are players.

A. Only II and IV B. Only I and III

C. Only II D. None of these

Q.40 Statements:

Some papers are cats. All cats are bats. No bat is horse.

Conclusions:

I. Some papers are horses.

II. No horse is cat.

III. Some bats are papers.

IV. All papers are bats.

A. Only I and II B. Only II and III

C. Only III and IV D. Only I and IV

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PMC Topic-2 Logical Problems

1 D 11 B 21 D 31 B

2 A 12 C 22 A 32 D

3 B 13 A 23 C 33 A

4 B 14 D 24 D 34 C

5 D 15 D 25 C 35 D

6 D 16 D 26 A 36 B

7 D 17 B 27 A 37 D

8 C 18 B 28 D 38 D

9 A 19 A 29 C 39 D

10 A 20 D 30 D 40 B

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