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    Experiment # 01: To Determine The Buckling in Column Due To Loading

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    Noman Ali
    The experiment aims to determine column buckling under different loads and end conditions. Various materials of different lengths, cross-sections, and end fixities were tested in a column testing machine. Dial gauges measured deflection as increasing loads were applied. Results like deflection, load, stress, and slenderness ratio were recorded and compared to theoretical values to analyze buckling behavior.

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    Experiment # 01: To Determine The Buckling in Column Due To Loading

    Uploaded by

    Noman Ali
    40 views6 pages
    The experiment aims to determine column buckling under different loads and end conditions. Various materials of different lengths, cross-sections, and end fixities were tested in a column testing machine. Dial gauges measured deflection as increasing loads were applied. Results like deflection, load, stress, and slenderness ratio were recorded and compared to theoretical values to analyze buckling behavior.

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    SM Arslan

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    The experiment aims to determine column buckling under different loads and end conditions. Various materials of different lengths, cross-sections, and end fixities were tested in a column testing machine. Dial gauges measured deflection as increasing loads were applied. Results like deflection, load, stress, and slenderness ratio were recorded and compared to theoretical values to analyze buckling behavior.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views6 pages

    Experiment # 01: To Determine The Buckling in Column Due To Loading

    Uploaded by

    Noman Ali
    The experiment aims to determine column buckling under different loads and end conditions. Various materials of different lengths, cross-sections, and end fixities were tested in a column testing machine. Dial gauges measured deflection as increasing loads were applied. Results like deflection, load, stress, and slenderness ratio were recorded and compared to theoretical values to analyze buckling behavior.

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    Experiment # 01

    To determine the buckling in column due to loading


    Objective:
    The objective of this experiment is to determine the buckling in column due to different load and
    under different end condition.

    Apparatus:

     Vernier Calliper
     Measuring Tape
     Column end Testing Machine
     Different End Condition(Pinned,Fixed)
     Slender Column( Brass,Copper,Baklite & Silver)

    Related Theory:
    Column

    A column is a line element ( long slender bar) subjected to axial compression. The term is
    frequently use to describe a vertical member .

    Types of Column

    Column can be classified into 3 different types :

    Slender Column

    The column which has relatively high slenderness ratio is called slender oe long column. ( length
    is greater than 30 times to the least cross sectional dimension).

    Such element fail due to excessive lateral deflection i.e. buckling at value of stress considerably
    less than the yield stress.

    Short Column

    The column which has relatively low slenderness ratio is called short column ( length of not
    greater than 10 times to least cross sectional dimension.

    Failure occur when stress over cross section reaches the yield or crushing value of the material .
    Intermediate Column

    The failure of column is neither short nor slender and occur due to combination of buckling and
    yielding / crushing.

    For intermediate column length is in between 10 to 30 times he least cross section.

    Buckling of Column

    Lateral bending in column when an compressive load is applied to column . Column buckle due
    to bending .

    Critical Buckling Load On Column

    The critical or buckling or elastic buckling load of a column is:

    P = π 2 EI / L2 e

    Where effective length Le = KL of a column is determined by the types of end supports.

    For a simply supported column Le = L in that case K = 1

    Pcr = Euler buckling load

    E = Modulus of Elasticity of the steel

    I = Moment of Inertia

    Le= Effective length = KL

    K depends on end value condition

    the end conditions of the column:

    End Conditions
    K
    1st 2nd
    Fixed Fixed 0.5
    Fixed Pin 0.7
    Pin Pin 1
    Fixed Roller 2
    Procedure:

    1 . Measure the length of column by using vernier calliper .

    2 . Measure the thickness of column using same vernier calliper,

    3. Now fix the column in testing machine and select the end condition wheather it
    is fix or pinnes.

    4. Arrange the dial gauge according to instruction.

    5. Now adjust the column in testing machine in such a way that is starting taking
    load when dial gauge start giving reading you should stop applying load and then
    fix the dial gauge at zero at zero load .

    6. Now start applying load through machine on column which is fix in machine at
    specific end conditions and start noting the value of dial gauge and load on digitak
    load machine .

    7. Continue applying load until load difference is very small . Note down all
    readings of load at different interval .

    Material Length End-condition cross-section


    Copper 596 pinned-pinned 5.8x25
    Brass 596 pinned-pinned 6.75x25.15

    Aluminium 596 pinned-pinned 5.85x24.7


    Bakellite 596 pinned-pinned 10.25x24.7
    Triangular
    Aluminium 700 pinned-pinned 12.1x22.25
    Stainless steel 596 pinned-pinned 4.6x20.1
    Stainless steel 700 pinned-pinned 9.8x9.8
    Stainless steel 690 fixed-fixed 4.6x20.1

    Stainless steel 750 fixed-pinned 4.6x20.1


    Load (N)
    Deflection Copper Brass Aluminium Bakellite Stainless
    (mm) Steel

    0 0 0 0 0 0
    0.5 116 1053 481 127 145
    1 410 1302 647 250 351
    2 715 1356 744 350 461
    3 856 1365 779 385 500
    4 942 1368 796 395 520
    5 1001 1370 806 408 532
    6 1033 1375 813 417 537

    Slenderness ratio of Different Bars


    kL/r Theoretical Stress Practical Stress
    248.23 32 32
    259..7 29.26 29.26
    395.3 12.63 12.63
    448.8 9.79 5.81

    Different End Condition with same rate

    End.
    Material Condition k L r kL/r
    stainless pinned-
    steel pinned 1 596 1.328 448.8

    stainless pinned-
    steel pinned 1 700 2.82 248.23
    stainless
    steel fixed-fixed 0.5 690 1.328 259.7
    stainless fixed-
    steel pinned 0.7 750 1.328 395.3

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