12th STD Bio-Botany Lesson-5 EM Book Back Answers-1

Unit-VIII: Biotechnology
Chapter-5. Plant Tissue Culture

Book back Answers
I.One mark questions:-
1. Totipotency refers to
a) capacity to generate genetically identical plants.
b) capacity to generate a whole plant from any plant cell / explant.
c) capacity to generate hybrid protoplasts.
d) recovery of healthy plants from diseased plants.
2. Micro propagation involves
a) vegetative multiplication of plants by using micro-organisms.
b) vegetative multiplication of plants by using small explants.
c) vegetative multiplication of plants by using microspores.
d) Non-vegetative multiplication of plants by using microspores and megaspores.
3. Match the following
Column A Column B
1) Totipotency A) Reversion of mature cells into meristerm
2) Dedifferentiation B) Biochemical and structural changes of cells
3) Explant C) Properties of living cells develops into entire plant
4) Differentiation D) Selected plant tissue transferred to culture medium
1 2 3 4
a) C A D B
b) A C B D
c) B A D C
d) D B C A
4. The time duration for sterilization process by using autoclave is ______ minutes and the temperature is _______.
a) 10 to 30 minutes and 125° C b) 15 to 30 minutes and 121° C
c) 15 to 20 minutes and 125° C d) 10 to 20 minutes and 121° C
5. Which of the following statement is correct
a) Agar is not extracted from marine algae such as seaweeds.
b) Callus undergoes differentiation and produces somatic embryoids.
c) Surface sterilization of explants is done by using mercuric bromide
d) pH of the culture medium is 5.0 to 6.0
6. Select the incorrect statement from given statement
a) A tonic used for cardiac arrest is obtained from Digitalis purpuria
b) Medicine used to treat Rheumatic pain is extracted from Capsicum annum
c) An anti malarial drug is isolated from Cinchona officinalis.
d) Anti-cancinogenic property is not seen in Catharanthus roseus.
7. Virus free plants are developed from
a) Organ culture b) Meristem culture c) Protoplast culture d) Cell suspension culture
8. The prevention of large scale loss of biological interity
a) Biopatent b) Bioethics c) Biosafety d) Biofuel
9. Cryopreservation means it is a process to preserve plant cells, tissues or organs
a) At very low temperature by using ether.
b) At very high temperature by using liquid nitrogen
c) At very low temperature of -196 by using liquid nitrogen
d) At very low temperature by using liquid nitrogen
10. Solidifying agent used in plant tissue culture is
a) Nicotinic acid b) Cobaltous chloride c) EDTA d) Agar
C.KISHORE KUMAR, M.Sc., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., M.Sc (YOGA)., B.A (HINDI)., PG ASST IN BOTANY,
GOVT.HR.SEC.SCHOOL, THATTAPPARAI, GUDIYATTAM, VELLORE DISTRICT. CELL : 9894807882. Page 1
II.Two, Three, Five Mark Questions:-
11. What is the name of the process given below? Write its 4 types.
(i) This is the basic steps of plant tissue culture technology.
(ii) There are four different types of plant tissue culture techniques. Such as..
1. Organ culture 2. Meristem culture 3. Protoplast culture 4. Cell culture.
12. How will you avoid the growing of microbes in nutrient medium during culture process?
What are the techniques used to remove the microbes?
(i) Culture media are dispensed in glass containers, plugged with non-absorbent cotton or sealed with plastic
closures and then sterilized using autoclave at 15 psi (121°C) for 15 to 30 minutes.
(ii) There are two different methods are used to remove the microbes in culture medium such as …
1.Physical method 2. Chemical method.
13. Write the various steps involved in cell suspension culture.
(i) Culture of a single cell in vitro in liquid medium is known as cell cuspension culture.
(ii) The cell suspension is prepared by transferring a portion of callus to the liquid medium and agitated using
rotary shaker instrument.
(iii) The cells are separated from the callus tissue and used for cell suspension culture.
14. What do you mean Embryoids? Write its application.
(i) The callus cells undergoes differentiation and produces somatic embryos known as Embryoids.
(ii) The embryoids are sub-cultured to produce plantlets.
15. Give the examples for micro propagation performed plants.
1. Potato 2. Banana 3. Pineapple 4. Strawberry
16. Explain the basic concepts involved in plant tissue culture.
There are four different basic concepts are involved in plant tissue culture technique. Such as…
1. Totipotency 2. Differentiation 3. Redifferentiation 4. Dedifferentiation.
1. Totipotency:
A living plant cell cultured in a nutrient medium to produce a complete individual plant is called
totipotency.
2. Differentiation:
A cell become specialized form and function through the biochemical and structural changes is called
differentiation.
3. Redifferentiation:
The further differentiation of already differentiated cell into another type of cell is called redifferetntiation.
4. Dedifferentiation:
The reversal of mature cell into meristematic cell to form callus tissue is called dedifferentiation.
17. Based on the material used, how will you classify the culture technology? Explain it.
Based on the material used, Plant tissue culture technology is classified into following four different
types. Such as.. 1.Organ culture 2.Meristem culture 3.Protoplast culture 4.Cell Suspension culture.
1.Organ culture:
Cultivation of root, shoot, anther and embryos in a culture medium is called organ culture.
2.Meristem culture:
Cultivation of meristematic tissue in a culture medium is called meristem culture.
3.Protoplast culture:
Protoplast from a single cell to produce a whole plant and develop into somatic hybrids is called
protoplast culture.
4.Cell Suspension culture:
Culture of a single cell in vitro in liquid medium is known as cell cuspension culture.
18. Give an account on Cryopreservation.
(i) Cell, tissue, organs or any other biological materials are preserved in a very low temperature of -196˚C by
using liquid nitrogen is called Cryopreservation.
(ii) At this extreme low temperature any enzymatic or chemical activity of the biological material will be
totally stopped.
(iii) Later these materials can be activated by bringing into room temperature slowly for any other
experimental work.
(iv) Protective agents like dimethyl sulphoxide, glycerol or sucrose are added before cryopreservation process.
(v) These protective agents are called cryoprotectants.
19. What do you know about Germplasm conservation? Describe it.
(i) The collection of seeds and pollens that are stored in a seed bank or pollen banks is called Germplasm
Conservation.
(ii) Plants viability and fertility maintained by this Germplasm conservation.
(iii) It will helpful for plant hybridization and crop improvement.
(iv) Germplasm conservation used to maintain the biological diversity and food security process.
20. Write the protocol for artificial seed preparation.
(i) Artificial seeds or synthetic seeds are produced by using embryoids obtained through in vitro culture.
(ii) It can be drived from any part of the plants.
(iii) This cells are later divided into large nucleus and dense cytoplasm.
(iv) Agrose and sodium alginate are used for coating the somatic embryoids.
Advantages of Artificial seeds:
(i) Artificial seeds are produced by low cost.
(ii) Artificial seeds can produced with desirable characters.
(iii) It is easy to test the plants genotype.
(iv) It can be potentially stored through cryopreservation method.
(v) It produce identical plants.
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I.One mark Answers:-
1. b) capacity to generate a whole plant from any plant cell / explant.
2. b) vegetative multiplication of plants by using small explants.
3. a) C A D B
4. b) 15 to 30 minutes and 121° C
5. b) Callus undergoes differentiation and produces somatic embryoids.
6. d) Anti-cancinogenic property is not seen in Catharanthus roseus.
7. b) Meristem culture
8. c) Biosafety
9. c) At very low temperature of -196 by using liquid nitrogen
10. d) Agar
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Unit-VIII: Biotechnology

Chapter-5. Plant Tissue Culture

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