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    River Shangu Math

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    Md Abid Afridi
    This document presents a physics problem to estimate the barometric pressure at the top of Government Peak using data from near Lake Superior and the ideal gas law. It gives the barometric pressure and altitude near Lake Superior, and the target altitude of Government Peak. It then shows the use of the ideal gas law and equations of motion to derive an expression relating pressure and altitude. This expression is integrated between the known and target altitudes, using the temperature gradient with altitude, to calculate the estimated barometric pressure of 713 mm Hg at Government Peak.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    River Shangu Math

    Uploaded by

    Md Abid Afridi
    172 views3 pages
    This document presents a physics problem to estimate the barometric pressure at the top of Government Peak using data from near Lake Superior and the ideal gas law. It gives the barometric pressure and altitude near Lake Superior, and the target altitude of Government Peak. It then shows the use of the ideal gas law and equations of motion to derive an expression relating pressure and altitude. This expression is integrated between the known and target altitudes, using the temperature gradient with altitude, to calculate the estimated barometric pressure of 713 mm Hg at Government Peak.

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    This document presents a physics problem to estimate the barometric pressure at the top of Government Peak using data from near Lake Superior and the ideal gas law. It gives the barometric pressure and altitude near Lake Superior, and the target altitude of Government Peak. It then shows the use of the ideal gas law and equations of motion to derive an expression relating pressure and altitude. This expression is integrated between the known and target altitudes, using the temperature gradient with altitude, to calculate the estimated barometric pressure of 713 mm Hg at Government Peak.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    172 views3 pages

    River Shangu Math

    Uploaded by

    Md Abid Afridi
    This document presents a physics problem to estimate the barometric pressure at the top of Government Peak using data from near Lake Superior and the ideal gas law. It gives the barometric pressure and altitude near Lake Superior, and the target altitude of Government Peak. It then shows the use of the ideal gas law and equations of motion to derive an expression relating pressure and altitude. This expression is integrated between the known and target altitudes, using the temperature gradient with altitude, to calculate the estimated barometric pressure of 713 mm Hg at Government Peak.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    BSL Transport Phenomena 2e Revised: Chapter 3 - Problem 3A.

    3 Page 1 of 3

    Problem 3A.3
    Effect of altitude on air pressure. When standing at the mouth of the Ontonagon River on
    the south shore of Lake Superior (602 ft above mean sea level), your portable barometer indicates
    a pressure of 750 mm Hg. Use the equation of motion to estimate the barometric pressure at the
    top of Government Peak (2023 ft above mean sea level) in the nearby Porcupine Mountains.
    Assume that the temperature at lake level is 70°F and that the temperature decreases with
    increasing altitude at a steady rate of 3°F per 1000 feet. The gravitational acceleration at the
    south shore of Lake Superior is about 32.19 ft/s2 , and its variation with altitude may be neglected
    in this problem.
    Answer: 713 mm Hg = 9.49 × 104 N/m2 (if ρ = ρ(p))

    Solution

    Assuming that the air has constant density and viscosity, the equation of motion simplifies to the
    Navier-Stokes equation.
    ∂
    ρv + ∇ · ρvv = −∇p + µ∇2 v + ρg
    ∂t
    As the air is static, only two terms in the equation remain.

    0 = −∇p + ρg

    This is a vector equation, so it actually represents three scalar equations—one for each variable in
    the chosen coordinate system. Here a Cartesian coordinate system will be used, where the z-axis
    points opposite the direction of gravity.
    ∂p
    =0
    ∂x
    ∂p
    =0
    ∂y
    ∂p
    = −ρgz
    ∂z
    The first two equations imply that the pressure is only a function of z.
    dp
    = −ρgz (1)
    dz
    Assuming that the air is an ideal gas, its equation of state is

    pV = nRT.

    Write n in terms of the molar mass and solve for the density ρ.
    m
    pV = RT
    M
    m
    pM = RT
    V
    pM = ρRT
    pM
    ρ=
    RT

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    BSL Transport Phenomena 2e Revised: Chapter 3 - Problem 3A.3 Page 2 of 3

    As a result, equation (1) becomes


    dp pM gz
    =− . (2)
    dz RT
    The temperature is not constant: it decreases with increasing altitude at a steady rate of 3°F per
    1000 feet.
    dTF 3
    =−
    dz 1000
    Integrate both sides with respect to z.
    TF (z) = −0.003z + C1
    Use the fact that the temperature is 70°F at 602 feet to determine C1 .
    TF (602) = −0.003(602) + C1 = 70 → C1 = 71.806
    So then
    TF (z) = 71.806 − 0.003z.
    The temperature used in the ideal gas law has to be absolute, so we change the temperature scale
    to Rankine, which increases at the same rate as Fahrenheit (an increase of 1°F corresponds to an
    increase of 1 R).
    TR (z) = TF (z) + 459.67
    = 531.476 − 0.003z
    With this formula for the temperature equation (2) becomes
    dp pM gz
    =−
    dz R(531.476 − 0.003z)
    pM gz
    = .
    R(0.003z − 531.476)
    This differential equation can be solved by separating variables.
    dp M gz
    = dz
    p R(0.003z − 531.476)
    Integrate both sides.
    ˆ p2 ˆ z2
    dp M gz
    = dz
    p1 p z1 R(0.003z − 531.476)
    p2 z2
    M gz
    ln p =
    ln(0.003z − 531.476)
    p1 0.003R z1
    p2 M gz 0.003z2 − 531.476
    ln = ln
    p1 0.003R 0.003z1 − 531.476
    0.003z2 − 531.476 M gz /(0.003R)
     
    p2
    ln = ln
    p1 0.003z1 − 531.476
    Exponentiate both sides and solve for p2 .
    0.003z2 − 531.476 M gz /(0.003R)
     
    p2
    =
    p1 0.003z1 − 531.476
    0.003z2 − 531.476 M gz /(0.003R)
     
    p2 = p1
    0.003z1 − 531.476

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    BSL Transport Phenomena 2e Revised: Chapter 3 - Problem 3A.3 Page 3 of 3

    To get an estimate for the molar mass of air, we assume the atmosphere is 80% nitrogen gas and
    20% oxygen gas.
       
    lbm lbm lbm
    M = 2 × 14.01 0.8 + 2 × 16 0.2 = 28.816
    lb-mol lb-mol lb-mol
    ft
    gz = 32.19 2
    s
    ft2
    4 lbm · s2
    R = 4.9686 × 10
    lb-mol · R
    This value of R was found in Appendix F on page 867. At Ontonagon River z1 = 602 ft and
    p1 = 750 mm Hg, and at Government’s Peak z2 = 2023 ft and p2 is unknown. Plugging these
    numbers into the formula for p2 gives

    101325 N/m2 N
    p2 ≈ 713 mm Hg × ≈ 9.51 × 104 2 .
    760 mm Hg m

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