Chapter 4 moving charges and field

Topic-introduction
TOPIC- INTRODUCTION
1. Source of electric and magnetic fields ( moving charge) OR
Moving charge produces ___ and ___ fields.
2. Case study question
Both electricity and magnetism have been known for more than 2000 years. It was
only about 200 years ago it was realised that they are intimately related during a
demonstration of Hans Christian oersted. He noticed that current in a straight wire
caused a noticeable deflection in a nearby magnetic compass needle. He found out
that alignment of the needle is tangential to an imaginary circle which has a straight
wire as its centre and has its plane perpendicular to the wire . On reversing the
direction of current, the orientation of the needle is also reversed.The deflection
increases on increasing the current .Iron filings sprinkled around the wires arrange
themselves in concentric circles with the wire as centres
- discovery of Oersted
- What causes deflection of needle ?
- Shape of magnetic field lines due to a straight conductor carrying current
- If the distance between the needle and wire is doubled, how does it affect the
magnetic field ?
3. Scientist who unified electricity and magnetism ( james maxwell)
4. Scientist who realised that light is an Electromagnetic wave ( Maxwell)
5. Scientist who found out that current carrying conductor produces a magnetic field
around it ( Hans Christian oersted)
6. Radio waves were discovered by ….. and produced by ….and …( Hertz , J.C Bose,
G.Marconi
7. The space around a magnet or a current carrying conductor where its magnetic effect
can be experienced ( magnetic field)
8. SI unit of magnetic flux ( Weber)
9. Magnetic flux per unit area ( B)
10. SI unit of magnetic flux density
OR Which physical quantity has the units Wbm-²? Is it a scalar or vector? ( Tesla T ,
B is vector)
11. CGS unit of magnetic flux density ( gauss)
12. 1 G= __ Tesla( 10-⁴ T)
13. Magnetic field of Earth is about 3.6 x 10 -⁵ T.
14. Source of magnetic field( Current element vector)
15. Representation of current element vector ( I dl)
16. Is the current element vector a scalar or vector quantity? ( Vector. Direction given by
direction of current)
17. Name two laws used to find the magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor (
Biot - Savarts law and Ampere's circuital theorem)
18. Physical constant which measures the ability of a substance or a medium to acquire
magnetization in magnetic fields or physical constant which is a measure of the
extent to which magnetic field can penetrate matter ( permeability of the medium μ)
19. Value and SI unit of absolute permeability ( 4 π x 10-⁷ TmA-¹)
other unit - H m-¹
20. Equation for relative permeability
 TOPIC- BIOT SAVART'S LAW
21. Statement of Biot Savart's law
22. Expression for Biot Savart's law
23. Vector form of Biot Savart's law
24. The rule used to find the direction of magnetic field due to a straight current carrying
conductor is
25. The rule used to find the direction of magnetic field due to a current carrying loop
26. A wire placed along the north south direction carries a current of 8A from South to
North. Magnetic field due to a 1cm piece of wire at a point 200 cm North East from
the piece is ( ans= 1.4 x 10-⁹ T normally into the plane of paper
TOPIC-MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR CARRYING
CURRENT
27. Equation for magnetic field due to straight current carrying conductor of finite length

28. Expression for magnetic field due to a straight current carrying conductor of infinite
length
29. B r graph for a straight current carrying conductor of infinite length
30. The magnetic field due to a straight conductor carrying current possess…. symmetry
( cylindrical symmetry)
31. Magnetic field at the centre of a coil bent in the form of a square of side 4 cm carrying
a current of 2 ampere is ( 4√2 x 10-⁵ T normal to the plane)
TOPIC- MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CIRCULAR LOOP
32. Magnetic field at a point on the axial line of a current carrying loop
33. Magnetic field at the centre of a current carrying loop of radius R
34. In a circular coil of radius r, the magnetic field at the centre is proportional to
(a) r²
(b) r
(c ) 1/r
35. B x graph for a current carrying loop
36. Plot of magnetic field lines due to a circular current carrying loop
37. Plot of magnetic field lines due to a straight current carrying conductor
38. Magnetic field at the centre due to a current carrying coil in the form of an arc which
makes a central angle θ
39. A straight wire carrying a current of 12 ampere is bent into a semi circular arc of
radius 2 cm.The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of the arc
is ( 1.9x 10-⁴ T normal to plane)
40. How does the magnetic field intensity at the centre of a circular coil carrying current
change if the current through the coil is doubled and the radius of the coil is halved?
( B increases four times)
41. To Produce a magnetic field of π Tesla at the centre of a circular loop of diameter 1 m
,the current flowing through the loop is . ( Bc= μoNI/ 2R)
42. What will be the magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop as shown in the figure?

Ans- zero
43. A wire of length L is bent into a semicircular loop . The expression for the magnetic
field at the centre due to the current I passing through it in terms of L.
Ans- πμoI/ 4L
π R= L hence R= L/π
Bc= ½ (μoI/ 2R) sub R and get Bc
44. A wire of length L is bent round in the form of a coil having N turns of the same
radius. If a steady current I flows through it in clockwise direction , the magnitude
and direction of the magnetic field produced at its centre
Ans- B= μoπN²I/ L and direction of B is perpendicular and into the plane of coil.
L= N x length of single coil
L= Nx 2πR
Find R and sub it in B= NμoI/ 2 R
45. Two identical circular wires P and Q each of radius R and carrying current I are kept
in perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre as shown in the figure
. The magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the common centre of the
two coils

Ans- B= μoI/ √2R and net field is directed at an angle of 45 degree with either of the
two fields
Bp=Bq= μoI/ 2R
Bp is directed vertically downwards and Bq is in horizontal direction
Apply resultant equation R = root of A²+ B² + 2 AB cos θ
46. Two identical circular loops P and Q carrying equal currents are placed with
geometrical axes perpendicular to each other as shown in the figure . The magnitude
and direction of the net magnetic field at O is

ans = B= μoIR²/√2 ( x²+ R²)

Bp and Bq are perpendicular to each other .apply the resultant equation R = root of
A²+ B² + 2 AB cos θ
47. In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the electron circles around the nucleus in a path of
radius 0.51 angstrom at a frequency of 6.8 x10¹⁵ Hz. The value of the magnetic field
set up at the centre of the orbit
Ans= 13.4 T
I = v x e ( v= frequency)
B= μoI/ 2R
48. The magnetic field due to a current carrying circular loop of radius 12 cm at its centre
is 0.5x 10-⁴ T. The magnetic field due to this loop at a point on the axis at a distance
of 5 cm from its centre
 Ans- 3.9 x 10-⁵ T
Baxial/ B centre = R³/ ( R ²+ x²)³/²
49. Find the ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic field of a circular coil of radius R and
carrying current I at the centre and at an axial point for which x=√3R
50. .A cell is connected across two points A and C of a uniform circular conductor as
shown in the figure given below. What is the value of magnetic field at the centre of
the circular conductor? (given radius of conductor is r)

( Ans - 0)
TOPIC- Magnetic Lorentz force
51. Force experienced by a moving charge in a magnetic field ( magnetic Lorentz force)
52. Expression for magnetic Lorentz force ( F= Bqvsinθ)
53. Dimensional formula of B

54. Expression for magnetic Lorentz force in vector form ( F= q( vxB) where v, B and F
are vectors)
55. An electron is moving with velocity v=( 2i+ 3 j ) m/s magnetic field B = (2i+ 3j) T. The
force acting on the electron is ..( use eqn F= q( vxB). Here q=-e . Find cross product
of v and B)
56. When a charged particle moves in a magnetic field , the magnitude of v is not
affected by the magnetic field. Only its direction changes True or false ( true)
57. Assertion: magnetic field interacts with a moving charge and not with a stationary
charge.
Reason:a moving charge produces magnetic field

58. Two pairs of vectors which are mutually perpendicular to each other in the expression
for magnetic Lorentz force ( v and F, B and F)
59. Factors of magnetic Lorentz force ( q, v, B ,sinθ)
60. Expression for Lorentz force [ F= qE + q( Vx B) ]
61. An electron is moving in a region of electric field and magnetic field. It will gain
energy from...field
62. True / False
- A stationary charged particle experiences magnetic Lorentz force. ( False)
- When a charged particle moves parallel or anti parallel to the magnetic field,
it experiences Loretnz force. ( False)
- Only charged particles experience Loretnz force. ( True)
- Minimum Lorentz force is experienced when a charged particle enters
perpendicular to a magnetic field. ( False)
63. The trajectory of a charged particle on entering a perpendicular magnetic field -
circle
64. Trajectory of a charged particle moving parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field -
linear track ( straight line)
65. Trajectory of a charged particle entering at an acute angle with respect to the
magnetic field - helical path
66. An electron and a proton moving with the same speed enter a magnetic field region
at right angles to the direction of the field. For which of the two particles will the
radius of the circular path be smaller? ( Here B, q, v all are the same in both cases.
Hence both cover circular path of equal radii. But the direction of revolution will be
different for both)
67. An electron does not suffer any deflection while passing through a region of uniform
magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field is…(either parallel or anti parallel
to the direction of velocity of electron)
68. Assertion: Among alpha ,beta and gamma radiations, only gamma get deflected by
magnetic field
Reason: only gamma radiations possess charge among alpha beta gamma triads.
(Both assertion and reason are false)
69. Which one of the following will experience maximum Lorentz force while projected
with the same velocity perpendicular to a given magnetic field- alpha beta and
gamma? ( Alpha particle has a charge of two protons, beta particles have a charge
of one electron, gamma has no charge being a radiation. F∝q . Hence Alpha particle
experience more Lorentz force( B is a constant here))
70. The rule used to find the direction of magnetic Lorentz force ( Fleming's left hand
rule)
71. The role of the following fingers of left hand in Fleming's left hand rule
- Forefinger
- Middle finger
- Thumb
( Forefinger represents the direction of magnetic field ,middle finger
represents the direction of current,thumb represents the direction of magnetic
Lorentz force )
72. A proton moves along + X axis in a magnetic field acting along + Yaxis. The direction
of magnetic Lorentz force is along...axis ( + Z axis)
73. An electron moves along + Y axis in a magnetic field which acts along + X axis. The
magnetic Lorentz force acts ….axis ( + Z axis)
74. A beam of alpha particles projected along +Y axis experiences a force due to the
magnetic field along Z axis. The direction of the applied magnetic field is…( -X axis)
75. Expression for radius of of the circular path followed by a charged particle entering
perpendicular to a magnetic field
- In terms of its entrance speed v to the field
- In terms of its momentum
- - in terms of its kinetic energy
- in terms of potential difference through which the charged particle is
accelerated
( r= mv/ Bq, r= p/ Bq, r= root of 2mK/ Bq, r= root of 2 mqV/ Bq)
76. For a given charged particle and a magnetic field, the radius of of the circular path of
a charged particle in a perpendicular magnetic field is directly proportional to….( r∝
v)
77. True/ False
A faster charged particle covers a circle of smaller radius in a perpendicular magnetic
field. ( False)
78. A deuteron and a proton moving with the same momentum enter the same magnetic
field region at right angles to the direction of the field .Compare the radii of the
circular paths ( ans :1: 1. Formula r= p/ Bq. Deuteron is the nucleus of deuterium
containing only one proton and one neutron. Hence charge for deutron and proton
are the same. B and p are constants for this question)
79. A proton ,a deuteron and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are
allowed to pass through a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to their direction of
motion. Compare the radii of the circular path (ans : 1: √ 2 : 1. Formula r= root of
2mK/ Bq. Here K and B are same for all particles .hence r∝ m/ q. Mass of proton
deuteron and Alpha particle are m p, 2mp and 4mp.charge of proton deuteron and
Alpha particle are e, e and 2 e. Find r1:r2:r3)
80. In the previous question, compare the radii if they are moving with the same
momentum instead of same kinetic energy. ( Ans : 2:2:1)
81. Expression for the time period of revolution of a charged particle moving in a
perpendicular magnetic field ( T= 2πm / Bq)
82. Assertion: An electron moving through a circular path of bigger radius takes more
time period of revolution compared to another electron moving through a circular path
of smaller radius in a perpendicular magnetic field.
Reason: Time period of revolution of a charged particle in a perpendicular magnetic
field depends on the radius of the circular path
( Both assertion and reason are false)
83. Expression for frequency of revolution of a charged particle moving through a
perpendicular magnetic field ( v= Bq/ 2 π m)
84. Expression for angular frequency of a charged particle moving through a
perpendicular magnetic field ( ω= Bq/m) ω= 2πv
85. Expression for kinetic energy acquired by a charged particle moving through a
perpendicular magnetic field (K= B²q²r²/ 2m)
86. The radius of the path of an electron moving at nearly the speed of light in air, in a
magnetic field of 6G perpendicular to it
( 26 cm)
87. The ratio of time period of alpha particle to that of a proton circulating with same
speed in the same uniform magnetic field. ( 2:1)
88. Which particles will have minimum frequency of revolution when projected with the
same velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field? ( Li+, electron, proton,He+ )ans -
lithium ion. Frequency inversely proportional to mass)
89. The work done by a magnetic force in moving a charge ( zero)
90. If a charged particle moves through a magnetic field perpendicular to it
(a) both momentum and energy of particle change.
(b) momentum as well as energy are constant.
(c) energy is constant but momentum changes.
(d) momentum is constant but energy changes.
TOPIC- VELOCITY SELECTOR
91. Crossed fields ( The term "crossed electric and magnetic fields" means that the
electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other. The force on a particle in
electric and magnetic field is the Lorentz force given as F = q (E + v×B))
92. A stream of electrons travelling with a speed of v m/s at right angles to a uniform
crossed fields is deflected in a circular path of radius R. The expression for specific
charge in terms of v, R and E ( specific charge is ratio of charge to mass. q/ m is
called specific charge. R= mv/ Bq. Hence q/ m = v/ BR. use v= E/ B)
93. ….type of fields serve as velocity vector ( crossed fields)
94. The condition to be satisfied for the total force on a charge in a crossed field is zero (
v= E/ B)
95. Only particles with speed of ...undeflected through the region of crossed field ( v=
E/B)
96. A charged particle is released from rest in a region of steady and uniform electric
and magnetic fields which are parallel to each other. The particle moves in a
….(straight line, circle, helix ,cycloid) ans straight line,
97. The device to separate charged particles usually ions according to the charge to
mass ratio. ( Mass spectrometer)
98. The first scientist who measured the charge to mass ratio of an electron ( J J
Thomson)
99. The method employed by J J THOMSON to measure the specific charge of electron (
velocity selector based on the condition v= E/ B)
100. The principle of mass spectrometer ( velocity selector based on the condition v=
E/ B)
TOPIC- CYCLOTRON
101. Case study question

A particle accelerator is a machine which is used to accelerate elementary charge

particles like proton, electron ,alpha particles. Some of the particle accelerators are
Van de graaff generator , cyclotron etc. The largest accelerator currently operating is
the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, operated by the CERN.
The accelerators are needed to produce high energy particles that can be used to
study nuclear structure, to produce radioisotopes etc. Cyclotron was invented by
Lawrence and Livingstone. It uses crossed fields to accelerate heavy charged
particles. The particles are accelerated inside two semicircular chambers called
Dee's( D1 and D2). The Dee's are separated by a gap but connected to an oscillator
which produces a strong E in between the Oscillator changes the polarity of dees
alternatively. This means if D1 is +, then D2 is negative at that moment. In the next
moment, the polarity changes. Hence oscillator produces an alternating field.A strong
electromagnet provides a perpendicular B to the plane of the Dee's. The role of E is
to accelerate a charged particle and the role of B is to throw the particle in circular
motion and bring them repeatedly into the region of electric field for acceleration.
The charged particle ( say proton) is released from the gap which is accelerated
towards the dee which is presently negative ( say D2). Once it enters the D2
chamber, it is under the action of B only. It describes a semicircular path . The
moment it emerges out of D2, the polarity of Dee's changes. Hence it is now
 accelerated towards D1 which is the present negative dee. It again covers the
semicircular path but it takes the same time as before to cover the semicircular path
in D2. The moment it emerges D1 , polarity of dee again . This process continues till
the particle acquires enough acceleration. For successful operation of a cyclotron,
the time period of revolution of the particle and the time period of oscillation of the
electric field should be the same. In other words, frequency of revolution of charged
particle is equal to the frequency of applied voltage. This condition is called the
resonance condition in cyclotron. But for light particle resonance condition fields
since its mass increases in its step of revolution. This affects the frequency of
revolution since frequency is inversely proportional to mass of charged particles.
- Name three particle accelerators
- The accelerator which accelerates heavy charged particles
- Largest particle accelerator in current use
- Cyclotron was invented by..
- The role of the electric field in a cyclotron
- The role of the magnetic field in a cyclotron
- Resonance condition inside a cyclotron
- Main Parts of cyclotron ( Dee's, crossed fields, source of charged particles)
- Expression for radius of the circular path of the particle
- Expression for time period of revolution of the particle in cyclotron
- Expression for frequency of revolution of the particle in cyclotron
- Expression for kinetic energy acquired by the particle inside cyclotron
- Can we accelerate neutron using a cyclotron? Why? ( No, it is neutral)
- Can we accelerate electrons using a cyclotron? Why?( No, it is a light particle.
It's undergoes relativistic variations in mass )
- Any two uses of particle accelerator
- An alpha particle and a proton are released from the centre of a cyclotron and
made to accelerate. Can both be accelerated at the same cyclotron
frequency?( No, frequency depends on m and q )
- Is there any upper limit on the energy acquired by the particle inside a
cyclotron? ( Yes. It is KE depends on R²)
TOPIC- HELICAL MOTION OF CHARGED PARTICLE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
102. The component of velocity which makes the charged particle moves along
circular path in helical motion ( vsinθ)
103. The component of the velocity which makes the charged particle move along the
direction of magnetic field ( vcosθ)
104. Expression for the time period of a charged particle in helical motion in a
magnetic field ( T= 2πm/Bq)
105. The distance moved by a charged particle along the magnetic field in one rotation
of helical motion ( pitch of helix)
106. Expression for pitch of helix
( p= 2πmvcosθ/ Bq)
107. Radius of the circular component of motion in helical path of a charged particle is
called…( radius of helix)
108. Expression for the radius of the helix ( r= mvsinθ/ Bq)
TOPIC- AMPERE'S CIRCUITAL THEOREM ( ACL)
109. Which among the following is the right expression for Ampere's circuital theorem?
(∫ B.dl= I, ∫ B.dl = μo I, ∫ B.dl=I/ μo, ∫ B.dl=μo/ I)
 ans : 2 nd option
110. Conditions to choose a proper shape of Amperian loop

111. In Ampere's circuital theorem, dl stands for..( elemental length of current carrying
conductor, elemental length of amperian loop, elemental length of Gaussian loop)
ans- 2nd option)
112. To find the magnetic field using circuital theorem, a loop is imagined passing
through the point . The loop is called…( Amperian loop)
113. The limitation of Ampere's circuital theorem
114. Case study
In mathematics, a line integral is an integral where the function to be integrated is
evaluated along a curve. The terms path integral, curve integral, and curvilinear
integral are also used; A line integral in vector calculus can be thought of as a
measure of the total effect of a given field along a given curve .. If the curve C is a
closed curve, then the line integral indicates how much the vector field tends to
circulate around the curve C. Circulation is the amount of "pushing" force along a
path. Mathematically circulation of F around l is written as ∫ F.dl. The circulation of a
static magnetic field is, by Ampère's law, proportional to the total current enclosed by
the loop provided the electric field inside the loop remains constant. When the
electric field varies, a correction is needed in Ampere's law.This law is more useful
under certain symmetrical conditions. Consider one such case of a long Straight wire
with circular cross-section (radius R) carrying current I uniformly distributed across
this cross-section.
● The magnetic field at a radial distance r from the centre of the wire in the
region r > R, is
● The magnetic field at a distance r in the region r < R is
● Eqn for Amper's circuital theorem
● An example for a line integral of a vector ( other than ∫ B.dl) - ans work done
by a varying force. Or potential at a point
● Circulation of B is proportional to..
● Circulation of E around l is ( -V)
● Who corrected Ampere's circuital law?( Maxwell)
● Amperian loop is always two dimensional whereas Gaussian surface is three
dimensional. T/ F
TOPIC- MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR CARRYING
CURRENT
115. Expression for magnetic field at a point due to an infinitely long current carrying
straight conductor ( B=μoI/2πr)
116. The Amperian loop for finding magnetic field at a point due to a straight conductor
carrying current ( a circle passing through the given point )
117. Plot of B- r graph of an infinitely long current carrying straight conductor (
hyperbola)
118. A straight thick long wire of uniform cross section of radius a is carrying a steady
current I. The formulae showing the variation of the magnetic field with distance r
such that r> a and r<= a ( ans Bout =μoI/2πr and Bin= =μoIr/2πa²)
119. A straight thick long wire of uniform cross section of radius a is carrying a steady
current I. The ratio of the magnetic field at a point a/2 above the surface of the wire to
that at a point a/2 below its surface. ( Ans= 4:3. Use Bout =μoI/2πr and Bin=
=μoIr/2πa²)
120. Plot of B with r for a straight thick long wire of uniform cross section of radius a
carrying a steady current I
Case I - r> a ( outside region)
Case II - r<= a( inside region)
(Ans outside B ∝ r and inside B∝ 1/ r)
TOPIC - MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A LONG SOLENOID

121. The term solenoid was coined by ..( Ampere)

122. An insulated copper wire wound in the form of helix ( solenoid)
123. Expression for magnetic field due to a long air cored solenoid in its interior
( B = μonI) where n is number of turns per unit length, I is current through solenoid
124. Expression for magnetic field due to a long solenoid in its interior when a core of
relative permeability μr is introduced ( B=μo μr nI)
125. Expression for the magnetic field at the end of a long solenoid ( B= μonI/2)
126. Assertion: The inclusion of a ferromagnetic core inside a solenoid increases the
magnetic field inside it
Reason: The relative permeability of air is greater than that of iron
( Assertion is true reason is false)
127. B-x graph of a long solenoid

128. Pick the wrong statement regarding solenoid

- It act as a magnetic dipole
- It produces a uniform and strong field inside
- The field outside a long solenoid is zero
- It expands on passing current through it
- Electromagnet is a temporary magnet
Ans 4 th option
129. The direction of magnetic field inside a solenoid is given by …( Right hand thumb
rule)
130. A 50 cm long solenoid has 500 turns and has a flux density of 2.52 x 10-³ T at its
centre. The current in the solenoid ( ( B = μonI where n= N/ L. and I = 2 A)
131. A solenoid is 2 m long and 5 cm in diameter. It has 5 layers of windings of 1000
turns each and carries a current of 5 A. The Magnetic field at its centre. (Ans : 1.57 x
10-² T. Formula N= 1000x 5 and n= N/l . Use B = μonI)
132. A solenoid coil of 3 turn/ cm is carrying a current of 5 A. The length of the
solenoid is 50 cm and radius of 1 cm. The magnitude and direction of the magnetic
field inside the solenoid ( n = 3 turn/ cm has to be converted into turn/ m = 300 turn/
m. Use B = μonI. Ans- 1.9 mT along solenoid axis)
133. Coils which act as sources of magnetic field are...and coils which provide
inductance in the circuit are….( Solenoid , inductor)
134. All solenoids are inductors. T/ F ( ans- T)
135. Extra fact- field due to finite solenoid

136. Case study

In an MRI machine, a large magnetic field is generated by the cylindrical solenoid

surrounding the patient.An MRI scanner applies a very strong magnetic field (about
0.2 to 3 teslas. When a patient undergoes (MRI) scan, the person lies down on a
table that is moved into the center of a large solenoid that can generate very large
magnetic fields. The human body is mostly water. Water molecules (H2O) contain
hydrogen nuclei (protons), which become aligned in a magnetic field. The protons
absorb the energy from the magnetic field and flip their spins. When the field is
turned off, the protons gradually return to their normal spin, a process called
precession. The return process produces a radio signal that can be measured by
receivers in the scanner and made into an image. Protons in different body tissues
return to their normal spins at different rates, so the scanner can distinguish among
 various types of tissue.Different tissues can be analyzed to see if the structures of
the tissues is normal
- The nature of magnetic field in the interior of a long solenoid ( uniform and
strong magnetic field along the axis of solenoid)
- The field in the exterior of a long solenoid ( zero)
- Expand the abbreviation MRI ( Magnetic resonance imaging)
- How can the field inside a solenoid be increased? ( Inclusion of ferromagnetic
material, increasing number density of turns, increasing current)
- Inclusion of a ferromagnetic core makes a solenoid …( electromagnet
- In MRI scanning, protons aligns in the direction of external field due to …(
torque on dipole )

TOPIC- MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A TOROID

137. A solenoid bent in the form of a ring ( toroid)

138. A toroid is also called …( Rowland ring )
139. Pick the wrong statement regarding the toroid
- For any point inside the empty space surrounded by the toroid , the magnetic
field is zero
- For any point outside the toroid, the magnetic field is zero
- A toroid cannot be treated as bar magnet
- Toroidal field exists only inside .
- Toroid produces a magnetic field with N and S poles
( Ans - 4 th option . Toroid has no poles)
140. The toroidal field is uniform or non uniform??( Non uniform B in inversely
proportional to r)
141. Case study
Toroids are expected to play a key role in TOKOMAK which act as magnetic
containers for nuclear fusion. Field due to a toroid exists only inside it. The following
is data related to a toroid. A toroid has a core of inner radius 25cm and outer radius
26cm around which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. The current in the wire is 11 A,
- What is nuclear fusion?
- What is the magnetic field outside the given toroid?
- What is the magnetic field inside the core of the toroid?
- What is the magnetic field in empty space surrounded by the toroid?
- ( The fusion of two or more lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus is called
nuclear fusion. Outside field is zero. B= μonI= 3 x 10-² T , in empty space it is
zero
TOPIC -FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR IN A MAGNETIC
FIELD
142. Expression for force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field ( F= BIL
sinθ or F= I( LxB) I= current through the conductor. L= length of the conductor
143. When the L vector is parallel or anti parallel to the B vector, the magnetic Lorentz
force acting on the current carrying conductor is….
( Zero)
144. In which angular position magnetic Lorentz force on a current carrying conductor
is maximum?
(When vector L is perpendicular to vector B)
145. The rule which is used to find the direction of magnetic Lorentz force on a current
carrying conductor placed perpendicular to a magnetic field ( Fleming's left hand rule)
146. A magnetic field of 0.3 Tesla is applied parallel to AB and DE segments of a
current carrying wire as shown in the figure.The current flowing in the wire is 1
ampere. The magnitude of the force on each segment

( Force on AB and DE = 0, F on BC = 0.024 N, F on CD = 0. 015

N)
147. A Straight wire of mass 200 gram and length 1.5 m carries a current of 2 A . It is
suspended in mid air by uniform horizontal magnetic field B.The magnitude of
magnetic field is ..( for mid air suspension ,magnetic force on wire equals weight of
the wire. BILsinθ= mg where θ= 90⁰. Ans = 0.65 T
148. A straight wire of length L carries a current I stays suspended horizontally in mid
air in a region where there is a uniform magnetic field B. The linear mass density of
the wire is λ. The expression for magnetic field in terms of λ
( Magnetic force on the wire is equal to weight of the wire. Ans = λg/ I )
149. Currents flowing in same direction
Currents flowing in opposite direction ( like currents and like currents)
150. Like current….. each other
Unlike current...each other ( attract, repel)
151. The expression for force per unit length of a wire in a parallel system of two wires
carrying currents I1 and I 2 separated by a distance r ( F/ l = μoI1I2/ 2πr
SI unit of F/ l = Nm-¹
152. In a system of two parallel wires carrying currents I1 and I2 separated by a
distance r placed in air , what is the force per unit length of the wire when I1=I2= 1 A
and r=1m in air?
( 2π x 10-⁷ N/ m)
153. Std definition of 1 A current
154. Assertion: a solenoid contracts on passing a current through it
Reason: like currents and unlike current attract each other
(Assertion is true and reason is false)
155. Which one of the following is the correct statement about magnetic forces?
(a) Magnetic forces always obey Newton’s third law.
(b) Magnetic forces do not obey Newton’s third law.
156. If the beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same
direction, then they
(a) attract each other.
(b) repel each other.
 (c) no relation.
(d) neither attract nor repel.
157. Case study question

A Roger's spiral is an open helix of elastic wire that contracts in length when an
electric current passes through it . Loosely wound helix made of stiff wire is mounted
vertically with its lower end just touching a dish of Mercury as shown in the photo.
.When a current from a battery is started in the coil through the Mercury ,the wire
executes oscillatory motion with the lower end jumping out of and into the mercury.
● Like currents
( Attract each other, repel each other, do not exert any force)

● Solenoids... on passing current through it (expands, contracts, remains the

same in length)
● Let I be the current through the solenoid and r be the separation between two
consecutive coils of the solenoid. Then Force per unit length between two
consecutive coils of the solenoid..
● Force between parallel currents can be used to define …
( C, F, A)
● Force per unit length of a system of two parallel infinitely long conductors of
negligible cross-section placed in vacuum at a distance of 1 m from each other
TOPIC- MAGNET DIPOLE MOMENT OF A REVOLVING ELECTRON
158. Most elementary unit magnetism ( magnetic dipole)
most elementary unit in electricity ( electric charge)
159. Magnetic monopoles exist whereas electric monopoles do not exist . T/ F ( false)
160. The two magnetic moment of an electron ( orbital angular momentum, spin
angular momentum)
161. The spin angular momentum of an electron is due to the spinning of electron . T/
F ( false)
162. Case study
In the Bohr model, the electrons revolve around a positively charged nucleus around
a positively charged nucleus . Consider the simplest atom- hydrogen. An electron
performs a uniform circular motion around a stationary heavy nucleus. This revolution
is a circulating current. Ampere suggested that these circulating currents are sources
of magnetism. This results in a magnetic moment associated with the revolution of
electrons..The minimum value of magnetic moment is called Bohr magneton. The
ratio between magnetic moment to the angular momentum of an electron is named
as gyromagnetic ratio.
● Expression for current due to revolution of electron in H atom in terms of its
speed v and radius r ( I = ev/2πr)
● Expression for magnetic dipole moment associated with revolution of electron
( μ= -el/ 2m where l is angular momentum of electron about central nucleus)
 ● The expression for magnetic moment has a negative sign. What is the
meaning of this negative sign? ( Angular momentum of electron is opposite to
the direction of magnetic moment)
● Gyromagnetic ratio of electron ( μ/ l= e/2m = 8.8 x 10¹⁰ C)
● Bohr magneton ( eh/( 4πm)= 9.27 x 10-²⁴ Am²)
● The dipole moment due to revolution of electrons is …( orbital angular
momentum / spin angular momentum?)
● The gyro-magnetic ratio of an electron in an H-atom, according to Bohr
model, is
(a) independent of which orbit it is in.
(b) neutral
(c) positive
(d) increases with the quantum number n.
163. Gyromagnetic ratio is the ratio of …
164. Bohr's quantization condition of angular momentum ( l= nh/( 2π)
165. Bohr magneton is…( minimum value of magnetic dipole moment associated with
revolution of electron)
166. In atomic physics, ….. is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing
the magnetic moment of an electron caused by either its orbital or spin angular
momentum.( Bohr magneton)
TOPIC- TORQUE ON A CURRENT LOOP IN A UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELD
167. A current loop placed in a non-uniform magnetic field experiences
(a) a force of repulsion.
(b) a force of attraction.
(c) a torque but not force.
(d) a force and a torque.
168. Torque on a current loop placed in a uniform magnetic field B
( τ= NIABsinθ= mBsinθ=m x B)
N is the number of turns of the current loop
A is area of the current loop
B is the magnetic field
θ is the angle between area vector and magnetic field vector
169. Expression for magnetic moment of a conducting loop of area A which carries
current I
( m= NIA)
170. Magnetic dipole moment is a…( scalar / vector?)
171. Direction of magnetic moment m for current loop is given by... rule ( right hand
rule)
172. A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8 cm carrying a current of 6 A is suspended
vertically in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 1 tesla . The field line makes an
angle of 60 degree with the normal to the coil. The magnitude of the countertop that
must be applied to prevent the coil from turning ( τ= NIABsinθ ans - 3.1 Nm)
173. Two wires of equal lengths are bent in the form of two loops- one of the loops is
square shaped whereas the other loop is circular .These are suspended in a uniform
magnetic field and the same current is passed through them . Which loop will
experience greater torque?
(τ= NIABsinθ hence τ ∝ A.
For a wire of given length, area of circle > area of square)
174. A circular coil of radius 4 cm and of 20 turns carries a current of 3 amperes. It is
placed in a magnetic field of intensity of 0.5 weber/m². The magnetic dipole moment
of the coil is
(a) 0.15 ampere-m²
(b) 0.3 ampere-m²
(c) 0.45 ampere-m²
(d) 0.6 ampere-m²
175. A uniform magnetic field of 3000G is established along z axis. A rectangular loop
of sides 10 cm and 5 cm carries a current of 12 A. The torque on the loop in following
cases

( Find m= NIA = 0.06 I Am²

τ= mX B
Case I τ=0.06 ix 0.3 k = -1.8 x10-² j Nm
Case III
Here m acts along - j. τ== -1.8 x 10-² i Nm
Case IV
Case V
τ= mX B= 0)
176. What is the net force on the rectangular coil?

(a) 25 × 10-7 N towards wire.

(b) 25 × 10-7 N away from wire.
(c) 35 × 10-7 N towards wire.
(d) 35 × 10-7 N away from wire.

TOPIC- MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER

177. Device to detect current in a circuit

178. List the parts of a moving coil galvanometer ( rectangular coil wound on a metallic
frame, soft iron core, phosphor bronze strip, hair spring)
179. The pole pieces of a permanent magnet are...in shape ( concave)
180. The concave pole pieces of a permanent magnet produces a ...field ( radial
magnetic field)
181. The restoring torque in an MCG is provided by ….( hair spring)
182. In a galvanometer, the relationship between the current and deflection is ..( I is
directly proportional to theta)
183. Torque required to produce unit angular twist in a spring is called…( torsion
constant of the spring k)
184. Current which produces a deflection of one scale division in the galvanometer (
figure of merit of galvanometer
185. Expression for figure of merit of a galvanometer ( G= I/ α = k/ NBA)
186. Deflection produced in the galvanometer when a unit current flows through a
galvanometer ( Is= α/ I= NBA/ k)
187. SI unit of current sensitivity ( radian/ A)
188. Which of the following is not a method to increase the current sensitivity of a
galvanometer?
- Increasing the number of turns
- Increasing the magnetic field
- Increasing the area of the coil
- Increasing the torsion constant of the spring
( 4 th option)
189. Assertion: The hair spring of a galvanometer is made of phosphor bronze
Reason: phosphor bronze has maximum torsion constant
( Assertion is true and reason is false)
190. The deflection produced in a galvanometer when a unit pd is applied across its
ends
( Voltage sensitivity Vs)
191. Expression for Vs of a galvanometer (Vs= α / V= NBA/ kR
192. SI unit of voltage sensitivity ( radian/ V)
193. Voltage sensitivity cannot be increased by
- Increasing B
- Increasing A
- Increasing k
194. Assertion: Increasing the number of turns in a galvanometer has no effect on
voltage sensitivity
Reason: As N increases, R also decreases so that N/ R remains a constant for a
galvanometer
195. Ratio of voltage sensitivity and current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer
196. Radial magnetic field provides a ….( linear/ non linear) scale .
197. In a radial magnetic field, the plane of the coil…..to the field ( parallel,
perpendicular) ?
ans- parallel
198. The property of phosphor bronze which makes it usable in a galvanometer
( Low torsional constant, high tensile strength)
199. The property of soft iron as a core in galvanometer( high permeability)
200. Assertion: An ordinary galvanometer cannot be used to measure current
Reason: Galvanometer is a device to detect current
 ( Assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion)
201. Galvanometer gives full scale deflection for a small current of a few
microamperes. T / F ( ans T)
202. A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by…..( connecting a low
resistance in parallel with the galvanometer)
203. Low resistance connected in parallel to galvanometer is called..( shunt
resistance)
204. Shunted resistor ( ammeter)
205. Identify the converted circuit as ammeter/ voltmeter.

206. Expression for shunt resistance to be connected to a galvanometer of resistance

G to read a max of I ampere
( S= Ig G/ I - Ig )
Ig is the current with which the galvanometer gives full scale deflection
G is galvanometer resistance
I is the maximum current to be read
S is shunt resistance
I- Ig is current through shunt
207. Resistance of an ammeter
( R= GS/( G+S)
208. Ammeter is always connected in series in a circuit. T/ F
209. We can …..the range of an ammeter ( increase/ decrease)?
ans- only increase
210. The resistance of an ammeter is greater than that of milliammeter. T/ F ( ans - F)
211. A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter by..
( connecting a high resistance in series to the galvanometer)
212. Identify the converted galvanometer as ammeter/ voltmeter

213. Voltmeter is always connected in …( series/ parallel?) in a circuit

214. Expression for high resistance to be used for converting a galvanometer of
resistance G into a voltmeter to read a max of V volt
( R= V/ Ig- G)
215. An ammeter and a voltmeter can be made out of a given galvanometer. Arrange
the resistance of ammeter, voltmeter and galvanometer in the increasing order of
resistance
( Resistance of ammeter< resistance of galvanometer<resistance of voltmeter)
216. Resistance of an ideal voltmeter and ideal ammeter
217. A Galvanometer of resistance 12 ohm shows a full scale deflection for a current
of 2.5 mA. The value of S needed to convert it into an ammeter of range 0- 7.5 A
( 4 milliohm)
218. A Galvanometer of resistance 12 ohm shows a full scale deflection for a current
of 2.5 mA. The value of V needed to convert it into a voltmeter of range 0- 10 V
( R= 3988 ohm)
219. A galvanometer of resistance 25 ohm is shunted by a 2.5 ohm wire. The part of
total current that flows through the galvanometer is ( I- Ig= IgG/ S. Divide both side by
Ig.Find I/Ig)
220. In a given galvanometer,there is a deflection of 10 divisions per mA. The internal
resistance of the galvanometer is 60 ohm. If a shunt of 2.5 ohm is connected to the
galvanometer and there are 50 divisions in allon the scale of galvanometer. The
maximum current the galvanometer can read is …( Ig= 1/10 x 50 mA ans I = 125 mA)
221. In an ammeter, 10% of main current is passing through the galvanometer. If the
resistance of the galvanometer is G, shunt resistance in terms of G ( Ig= 0.1I)
222. The maximum current that can be measured by a galvanometer of resistance 40
Ω is 10 mA. It is converted into a voltmeter that can read upto 50 V. The resistance to
be connected in the series with the galvanometer is
(a) 2010 Ω
(b) 4050 Ω
(c) 5040 Ω
(d) 4960 Ω