Solubility of Solids, Liquids, Gases in Liquids

CHAPTER 2
SOLUTION
Expressing Concentration of Solution
1. Which of the following is temperature dependent and why? Molarity and
Molality. Distuiguish between them.
2. Define the following terms:

(i) mole fraction (ii) molality
Solubility of solids, liquids, gases in liquids .

3. Why is helium is used in diving apparatus?
4. State the law correlating pressure of a gas and its solubility in a liquid.
State an application of this law. (or state Henry’s law and its application)
5. Why are aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water in comparison
to warm water?
6. State the following:
i) Raoult’s law in its general form
Ideal and Non ideal Solutions

1. Define the following term:
ideal solution
2. 10 ml of liquid A was mixed with 10 ml of liquid B. The volume of resulting

solution was found to be 19.9 ml. Which type of deviation from Raoult’s
law does it show?
3. Two liquids A and B on mixing produces a cold solution. Which type of

deviation from Raoult’s law does it show?
4. Explain why a solution of acetone and chloroform shows negative deviation

from Raoult’s law?
5. What type of deviation is shown by the solution of ethanol and acetone and
why?
6. What are azeotropes? Explain different type of azeotropes with one

example each.
Colligative properties, Determination of molar mass, Abnormal Molarmass

7. Define the following term:
colligative properties
8. What would be the value of vant Hoff factor for a dilute solution of K2SO4
in water?
9. Why is the elevation of boiling point is different for 0.1 molar NaCl and 0.1
molar sugar solution?
10. Why glucose solution freezes at lower temperature than water but
boils at higher temperature than water?
11. Define ebullioscopic constant(molal elevation constant)
12. Out of 1M KCl solution and 1M urea solution which will have higher
boiling point and why?
13. Define the term ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’.
14. Measurement of which colligative property is preffered for

determination of molarmass of polymers and why?
15. All intravenous injections should be isotonic with the blood cell fluid.
Why?
16. What do you mean by hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?

17. What would be the value of van’t Hoff factor if the solute undergoes
complete tetramerisation in the solution?
18. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure

and molar mass of the solute.
19. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be determined

by a method based on measurement of osmotic pressure.
20. Define abnormal molar mass

21. Define the following terms:
(ii) molal depression constant (cryoscopic constant(ii) van’t hoff factor
22. Define (i) reverse osmosis (ii) isotonic solution
23. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. What
happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing ?
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution
24. Out of the following three solutions, which has the highest freezing
point and why ?
(a) 0.1 M urea (b) 0.1M BaCl2 (c) 0.1M Na2SO4
25. Which of the following solutions have highest boiling point and why ?
(a) 1M glucose (b) 1M KCl (c) 1M aluminium nitrate
Numericals
1. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g 𝒎𝒐𝒍−𝟏) in water is labelled as 10% (by
mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the solution? (Density of solution
=1.2𝒎𝑳−𝟏)
2. Calculate molarity, molality and molefraction of KI if the density of 20% by mass KI

solution is 1.202 g /ml.
3. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon
tetrachloride.
4. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 x 10 -2 g of
ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains 5.0 x 10 -2 g of ethane , the what will be the
partial pressure of the gas?
5. The vapour pressure of the pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg
respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour
pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.
7. 30 g of urea ( M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour

pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8
mm Hg.
8. When 1.5 g of a non volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point
of benzene raised from 353.23K to 353.93K . Calculate the molecular mass of the
solute( Kb for benzene is 2.52 K Kg mol-1)
9. 18 g of glucose , C6H12O6 , is dissolved in 1 Kg of water in a saucepan. At what
temperature will water boil at 1.013 bar? Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1.
10.A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in
500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.420C. What mass of glycerol
was dissolved to make this solution? ( Kb for water is 0.512 K Kg mol-1)
11. 1.00 g of a non-electrlyte is dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing

point of benzene by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12
K Kg mol-1. Find the molar mass of the solute.
12.30 g of urea ( M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour
pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8
mm Hg.
13.When 1.5 g of a non volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of benzene, the boiling point
of benzene raised from 353.23K to 353.93K . Calculate the molecular mass of the
solute( Kb for benzene is 2.52 K Kg mol-1)
14.18 g of glucose , C6H12O6 , is dissolved in 1 Kg of water in a saucepan. At what

temperature will water boil at 1.013 bar? Kb for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1.
15.Find the boiling point of solution containing 0.520 g of glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in
80.2 g of water. Given Kb for water =0.52 K/m.
16.1.00 g of a non-electrlyte is dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of

benzene by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K Kg
mol-1. Find the molar mass of the solute.
17.Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.630C. How much sucrose (C12H22O11) is to

be added to 500 g of water such that it boils at 1000C. ( Kb for water is 0.512 K Kg mol-
1
).
18.45 g ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water to prepare antifreeze.
Calculate
a) the freezing point depression
b) the freezing point of solution. ( given Kf for water is 1.86 K Kg mol-1)
19.15.0 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting

solution freezes at -0.340C. What is the molar mass of the material? ( Kf for water is
1.86 K Kg mol-1)
20.A 10 % solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269.15 K.
Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water
is 273.15 K. (Given molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1, molar mass of glucose = 180 g
mol-1)
21.When 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point lowered by
0.383 K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (SX). (Kf for CS2 = 5.12 K Kg mol-1, Atomic
mass of S = 32 g/mol)
22.100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10 ml of a solution. If this

solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25 0C, what is the molarmass of
protein? ( R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 and 760 mm of Hg = 1 atm)
23.Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4

in 2 litre of water at 25ºC assuming that it is completely dissociated.
24.What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65 g of water to lower the freezing point by
7.50C? Assume vant hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87. ?
25.A 0.561m solution of an unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by
2.930C. What is van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? Kf for water is 1.86 0Ckgmol-1.
26.Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.1 M Na2SO4 at 300 K if the solute undergoes 90%
dissociation. Given R = 0.0821 Latm K-1 mol-1.
27.Determine the amount of CaCl2 dissolved in 2.5L at 27ºC such that its osmotic
pressure is 0.75 atm at 27ºC. (i for CaCl2 = 2.47)

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CHAPTER 2

2. Define the following terms:

Solubility of solids, liquids, gases in liquids .

Ideal and Non ideal Solutions

2. 10 ml of liquid A was mixed with 10 ml of liquid B. The volume of resulting

3. Two liquids A and B on mixing produces a cold solution. Which type of

4. Explain why a solution of acetone and chloroform shows negative deviation

6. What are azeotropes? Explain different type of azeotropes with one

Colligative properties, Determination of molar mass, Abnormal Molarmass

13. Define the term ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’.

14. Measurement of which colligative property is preffered for

16. What do you mean by hypotonic and hypertonic solutions?

18. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure

19. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be determined

20. Define abnormal molar mass

22. Define (i) reverse osmosis (ii) isotonic solution

2. Calculate molarity, molality and molefraction of KI if the density of 20% by mass KI

7. 30 g of urea ( M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour

11. 1.00 g of a non-electrlyte is dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing

14.18 g of glucose , C6H12O6 , is dissolved in 1 Kg of water in a saucepan. At what

16.1.00 g of a non-electrlyte is dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of

17.Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.630C. How much sucrose (C12H22O11) is to

19.15.0 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting

22.100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10 ml of a solution. If this

23.Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4

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