roh.

15 An oil engine works on Diesel cycle with temperature of 27C at the beginning of compressiO
Prob. efficieney
the ratio of adiabatic compression is 14 and that of adiabatic expansion is 8 find the thermal
of cycle.
With usual notation.
Solution:

V4
V V ==88
9 = cutoff ratio = v V/-
= V/V = =1.75
= 1.75

MDiesel l - 9-1
r H 9 - 1)J
1.754 1
l404 1.4(1.75-1)J
= 0.606 = 60.6%

of 45 bar
16: An engine operating
on air standard Diesel cycle has maximum pressure and temperature Calculate
Prob. bar and 27°C.
at the beginning of compression are 1
and 1500°C. Pressure and temperature (Winter 2017)
air standard efficiency of the cycle.
45 bar, T3 = 1500°C
5.7. Given pi = 1 bar, Ti =
27°C, p3 =
p2 =

Solution Refer Fig.

process 1-2
For reversible adiabatic
0.4
45 1.4
Ta 300 = 890.2 K

V = 15.17

V2
For constant pressure heat addition

1773
= 1.99
T2 890.2

. - I- 9 -
rH Y8- 1)J
=I - 11.9914 -1 60.6%
1.4 (1.99-
=
15.170.4
 bore and stroke equal to 210 mm and 300 mmn
Deah. 17: A Diesel engine having compression ratio 16 has
Initial pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 17C. Heat addition at
respectively.
constanst pressure

continue upto 10% of the stroke. Calculate (1) Pressure, temperature

and volume at all salient point
(2) Air standard efficiency (3) Mean effective pressure (4) Engine power if power cycle/min = 300.
Given r =
16, D 210 mm, L = 300 mm, p1 = 1 bar, ti = 17°C
Solution: =

- V2

VV = 0.1 = = 9 =
[0.1 (r - 1) + 11 = 2.5
V-V2 Va
Swept volume V, = D L = (0.21 (0.3) = 0.0104 m
4

Compression ratio, r=
V
V
V+Ve
Ve
 0.0104V
16

V,
=

V, =

6,933x 10 m
VV, V, =0,0104 6.933 x 10
V-0.0111 m
We have cut off at 10% of the stroke

- 01

V, 0.1 (0.0104)+ 6.933

=
x 10
Vi =1.7333x 10= 17.333x 10
.

m
Process1-2

= (r

p 2 = (16) x 1 = 48.5 bar = p3

T =
290 (16 = 879.1 K

Process 2-3

Alternate =T 9 . T, =
9 xT
17.333x 104
T =879.1 x 2197.8 K
6.933x 104 2197.8 K

Vi =VJ Alternate: P,
. Ps Pi

(17.333x10
Pa 48.50.0111
P4 3.6 bar

V,71

-VT T=2197.87.333x 10
0.0111
T = 1045.7 K

Point Pressure (bar) Volume (mleycle)

0.0111
Temperature (K)
2 48.5 290
6.933x 10
3 48.5 17.333x 10 879.1
3.6
0.0111 2197.8
1045.7
Air standard efficiency Heat rejected
Heat supplied

= 1- C,(T T)
Cp(T T)
0.718 (1045.7 290) 59.06%
I.005 (2197.8 -879.1)
Which can also be calculated from relation

a1 -
r Y(9- 1)
We have r = 16. 8 = 2.5

2.514
: na 1-
2.6067
160.4

1.4(2.5 -

1)| 6.3660

na 59.06% which same as above.

Workdone
Mean effective pressure Pm =

Swept volume
mass per cycle can be calculated from suction condition.

PV = mRT

100x 0.0111
. m = 0.0133 kg/cycle
0.287 x 290

Pm
m,(T -T,) -

c, (T, -

T
Vs

0.0133 [1.005 (2197.8 879.1)-0.718 (1045.7 290)

0.0104

10.41kJ/cycle
0.0104 m'/cycle
= 1000.3 kPa

= 10.003 bar

Engine power = Work done/cycle x cycle/sec

300
= 10.41 kJ/ cycle x
h0
= 52.05 kW
Prob. 18: A Diesel engine is having compression ratio of 19. Pressure and temperature at the beginning of
compression stroke is 1 bar and 17°C. If heat added at constant pressure is 730 kJ/kg calculate (1)
Pressure, Volume and temperature at al satient point (2) Work done in kJ/kg (3) Air standard efficiency
(4) Mean effective pressure.
Solution: Given:r =19. pi = bar, T, =17°C = 290 K., Qs =7300 kJ/cycle.
H
Process 1-2
PV= mRT,
I x 0.287 x 2900.8323 m/kg
100
m'/kg
V,
= r = 19 V =119 0.0438

P2 (19)x I = 61.7 bar

=
(r) p:
=

P
T2 (19) x 290 =
941.7K
T (r) T =

Process 2-3
Qs 730 kJ/kg = mc, (T3 - T2)
730 = 1x 0.718 (T, -941.7)
T 1958.4 K
Ps P 2 = 61.7 bar

Since pressure is constant

1958.4
.V,
V =0A17
941.7 x 0.0438 = 0.0911 m'kg
V
Process 3-4
VI = Va = 0.8323 m'/kg [ 4-l is constant volume process]

Y-1 o . 0.09114
T4 T = 1958.4 0.8323 = 808.3 K
T

P4 0.0911 4
P3
p =6.0.8323 2.79 bar

Point Pressure (bar) Volume (m°/kg) Temperature (K)

0.8323 290
61.7 0.0438 941.7
61.7 0.0911 1958.4
4 2.79 0.8323 808.3
Work done = Heat supplied Heat rejected
Cp (T3Te) -c, (T -T)
=
1.005 (1958.4 941.7) 0.718 (808.3 -

290)
= 649.6 kJ/kg

Workdone
Heat supplied
649.6 kJ/kg
63.58%
1.005 (1958.4 -941.7)

Workdone 649.6 kJ/kg

P Swept volume (0.8323 0.0438) m'/kg
= 823.84 kPa

= 8.24 bar
Heal v z

19: A Dic
Diesel engine has compression ratio of 19 and expansion :ratio 9.1. Calculate its air standard eicieny
Prob.
Air standard efficiency for Diesel
Solution:
engine is
a -1- g-1
r Y(9 - 1) J
We haver = 19 =
and expansion ratio = Va =9.1
V
9 V2 -

91X 19 =2.088

1 2.08814-1
na = 1 -

= 63.55%
190.4
190.4 1.4(2.088 1)
 0: An
Anair
air standard Diesel cycle has
Prob.20: bore of 160 mm and stroke of 240 mm. The clearance
cm. Calculate loss of efficiency if fuel vou
cut-off is delaved from 6% to 10% with same
ratio. compressio
Given D = 160 mm, L =
240 mm, Ve
Solution:
=V2 = 340 cm°
V, =D L = (16? (24) =4825.5 cm
V =
V, + Ve =
5165.5 cm
5165.5
340 152
f s

Ta=1
Y(9- 1)
Case-I Cut-off = 6% of the stroke

Vs-V2 0.06
V-V= .Vs = 0.06 (5165.5 - 340) + 340

629.5 cm
629.5
= = 1.85
340

1 1.8514 1
na 1 -
= 0.625 = 62.3%
15.204 1.4 (1.85 -1)
Case-II: Cut off ratio = 10% of the stroke

V-V 0.1 . V3 = 0.1 (5165.5 - 340) + 340

822.6 cm
9 Va 822.b2.42
340 2.42

a
2.42- = 0.404 =40.4%
15.204 1.4 (2.42 1)
Due to delay of cut-off from 6% to 10% there will be loss in efficiency of 62.3% - 40.4 % = 21.9%.

% loss in efficiency = 62.3-40.4 x 100 =35.15%

62.3
Prob. 21 : In a Diesel
cycle the temperature at the begining of compression is 87 C. If r 14 find temperature =

at the end of compression. If the temperature at the

beginning and end of the expansion are 1795°C
and 6770C respectively calculate thermal
efficiency of the cycle.
Solution: Given : Ti =
87°C,r =
14, T 1795°C, Ta 677°C, T2 ?, Nh =?
= = =

T =
T = 360 (144 = 1034.6 K = 761.6°C
W Cp T3 T2)
- -

c, (Ta -

Ti)
= 1.005 (1795 -

761.6) -

0.718 (677 -

87)
= 615 kJ/kg

Qs Cp (T3 -T2)
= 1.005 (1795 761.6)
= 1038.6 kJ/kg

W 615
Muh 0s 1038.6 = 59.2%
Prob. 22: An air standard Diesel cycle has a inning
compression ratio of 16. The pressure and temperatur
of compression stroke is 1 bar and 20°C. The maximun temnerature is 1431°C. Determine C nermal

efficiency and mean effective pressure for this cycle.

Solution Given r= 16. Pi 1 bar, Ti
=
20°C, T,= =
1431°C, nth =
?, pm=?
T2
T2 = (160x 293 = 888.2 K
If we apply ideal gas equation at suction condition, we can have
PiV = mRT

V = X 0.287x 293
= 0.841 m'/kg
100
0.841
. V2
V2= ==
16
16 =0.053 m'/kg
For constant pressure process 2-3

Ta V3 1704
. V3 x 0.053 0.102 m?/kg
T V2
=

888.2
0.102
. Cut off ratio 9 = 0.053 = 1.925
V2

th 1 - 9-1
r y(8 - 1)J
1 1.925-1 =61.75%
1604
1694 1.4 (1.925 - 1)|

W Qs xNh
=
Cp (T-T) x Nh
= 1.005 (1704 888.2) x 0.6175

= 506.3 kJ/kg
V, = Vi - V2 = 0.841 0.053 = 0.788 m'/kg

W 506.3
Pm V 0.788 = 642.5 kPa

= 6.43 bar
 a1: An air standara Diesel
Prob3 1

the
cycle
has compression
ratio of 16. The pressure
beginning compression stroke
ot and
to
Determine the thermal efficiency andis 1 bar and 20°c. The maximum temperature(Dec.
en : Air standard Diesel mean effective
pressure
for tnis e. 2011)
SolutionGiven

cycle y
r= 16
Pi =bar t =
20°C
1431°C th? Pm ?
Refer Figure 5.7 for notations

T2 =T r
293 x (1604
888.21 K

= =
8 =cut off ratio
T V2
1431
= 1.61
888.21
T = 9. Ti
= (1.61)4. 293
= 570.72 K

nth T-
Y(T-T)
 570.72-293
= 1 -
1.4(1431-888.21)
= 63.45 %

Heat supplied =
cp (T3 -

T2)
= 1.005 (1431 888.21)
= 545.5 kJ/kg
W nth x Heat supplied
= 0.6345 x 545.5
= 346.12 kJ/kg

PiVi= mRT
1x 0.287 x 293
. VI =
100
= 0.841 m°/kg

L = 16 V2 = 0.0526 m'kg
V2
'. Swept volume = Vi - V2

= 0.841 - 0.0526
= 0.7884 m/kg
Mean effective pressure
Work done (kJ/kg)
Pm
Swept volume (m/kg)
346.12
0.7884
= 439.02 kPa
 operates on the air standard Diesel cycle. The conditions at the start or compression
stroke are 35 K and 100 kPa, while at the end of compression stroke the pressur 4 MPa. The
energy absorbed is 700 kJ/kg of air. Caculate (1) the compression ratio (2) the cut-off ratio (3) the
the cu
(2)
kg air (4) the thermal efficienc. (June 2014
work done per
Diesel cycle, Ti 353 K pi = =

kPa, p» =4 100
MPa = kPa, Q. = 700 kJ/kg,
4000
Solution: Given ? nth = ?
?9 = ? W/kg= =

ratio r =
P2 Y 4000 . 4
13.94
compression
P 100

to calculate
is given by 9 Therefore we need to calculate To and Ta in order
=
Cut off ratio 9 V2

T
T2 =353 (13.94)04 =1012.7K
Heat supplied per kg Q, ¢p (T3 - Ta)
=

700 1.005 (T3 - 1012.7)

Ts = 1709.2 K
 1709.2
1012.7 = 1.688

Work done per kg is calculated by

W/kg = Heat supplied Heat rejected
Cp (T3 T2) - cy (Ta - Ti)

So we need to calculate Ta as other temperatures are known

Ta 9 Ti
= 1.68814 x 353
= 734.5 K

.Wkg= 700 0.718 (734.5 -

353) = 426.05 kJ/kg

W/kg 426.05
th Q,/kg 60.86 %
700

Thermal efficiency can also be calculated from the equation of air standard efficiency

97- 1
a1 -
r Y(- 1) J

1.68814 - 1
= 1 - 1 = 60.86%
13.940.4 1.4 (1.688 - - 1)|
Prah