Question Bank With Solution Ver1

Question Bank -1 for MEL ZG632 Analog IC Design
Topic: Single state amplifiers

1. A source degenerated current source is shown in below. Calculate the output resistance
and minimum output voltage required to keep the transistor in saturation at the given
bias current. You may assume µnCox = 110 µA/V2, VTn = 0.7 V, λnL = 0.04 V-1, γ = 0.4,
2|ΦF| = 0.7 V. [Ans: 21.7 MΩ, 1.302 V]
Solution:
2. Consider the diode connected degenerated current source shown in below. Determine
the W/L of M1 to achieve the output resistance 21.7 MΩ. Also calculate the minimum
output voltage required to keep devices in saturation. You may neglect the body effect
and channel length modulation for simplicity. You may assume µ nCox = 110 µA/V2,
VTn = 0.7 V, λnL = 0.04 V-1, γ = 0.4, 2|ΦF| = 0.7 V. [Ans: 1/22, 3.02 V]
Solution:
3. What value of Vin will give a current in the amplifier circuit of 100 uA. For this value
of Vin, what is the small-signal voltage gain and output resistance of the amplifier. You
may assume µnCox = 110 µA/V2, VTn = 0.7 V, λ = 0, and γ = 0. [Ans: 1.303V, -2,345
V/V, 7.07 kΩ]
Solution:
4. A CMOS amplifier is shown in below. Assume M1 and M2 operate in the saturation

region. You may assume µnCox = 110 µA/V2, VTn = 0.7 V, λ = 0, and γ = 0.
a. What value of VGG gives 200 µA through M1 and M2. [Ans: 2.05 V]
b. What is the dc value of vIN. [Ans: 3.406 V]
c. What is the small-signal voltage gain for this amplifier? [Ans: - 24.85]
Solution:
5. Consider this amplifier circuit shown in below. Find the small signal voltage gain, A v,
and the output resistance, Rout, if ID = 200µA, W1/L1= W2/L2 = 5. You may assume
µnCox = 110 µA/V2, µpCox = 50 µA/V2, VTn = VTp = 0.7 V, λNL= 0.04 V/µm, and λPL=
0.05 V/µm. [Ans: -43.63 V/V, 55.55 kΩ]
Solution:
=> Rout = 55.55 kΩ

6. For each circuit shown in below plot Ix vs. Vx varies from 0 – 3 V.
Solution: Please try with SPICE simulation tools you will get the nature of the
characteristics.
Topic: Current Mirror Circuits
1. Calculate the output resistance and the minimum output voltage, while maintaining all
devices in saturation, for the circuit shown in below. You may assume IOUT = 10 µA,
µnCox = 110 µA/V2, VTn = 0.7 V, λn = 0, and γ = 0. [Ans: Need to be solve]
Solution:
and VGS3 – VT = 0.213 V. As λn = 0, then VOUT,min = 2 VOV = 0.426 V.

γ = 0  gmbs2 = 0
rout = 591.31 MΩ.

2. Consider the following circuit shown in below. Determine W/L of M 3 and M4
transistors in order to achieve the minimum output voltage. You may µ nCox = 110
µA/V2, VTn = 0.7 V, IOUT = 10 µA, λn = 0, and γ = 0. [Ans: (W/L)3 = 2/1, (W/L)4 = ½]
Solution:
Thus,
3. Consider the current mirror circuit shown in below figure. Find the expression of VREF.
For simplicity you may assume λn = 0, and γ = 0. [Ans: VREF = Vth]
Solution:
4. For the circuit shown in below sketch Ix vs. Vx varies from 1 – 3 V.

5. Consider the circuit shown in below. Dimensions of MOS transistors M1 and M2 are
(W/L)1 = 2, and (W/L)2 =10, VDD = 2.5 V, µnCox = 100 µA/V2, VTn = 0.5 V, λn = 0.05
V-1, γ = 0.
a. Find the value of RREF such that IREF = 100 µA. You may ignore channel length
modulation in this part. [Ans: 10 kΩ]
b. Find the value of R1 that gives IOUT = 10 µA. Assume that M2 is in saturation.
You may ignore channel length modulation in this calculation. [Ans: 17.9 kΩ]
c. Find the lowest output voltage for which the circuit still acts as a current source.
You can ignore channel length modulation. [Ans: 1 V]
d. Find the small signal output resistance of the circuit. You may ignore body
effects in this calculation. [Ans: 3.05 MΩ]
e. If we consider body effect, would the output resistance increase or decrease?
Justify your answer. [Ans: increase]
Solution:
(VDD – VGS1)/Rref = 100 µA
On the other hand, one can write
100 µA = (W/L)1*0.5*µnCox*(VGS1 - Vth)2
VGS1 = 1.5 V
So, Rref = (2.5 – 1.5)/100 µA = 10 kΩ
b)
VS2/R1 = 40 µA and 40 µA = (W/L)2*0.5*µnCox*(VGS2 - Vth)2
40 µA = (W/L)2*0.5*µnCox*(VG2 – VS2 - Vth)2
VG2 = 1.5 V, (W/L)2 =10, µnCox = 100 µA/V2, VTn = 0.5 V
VS2 = 0.717 V
So, R1 = 0.717/40 µA = 17.9 kΩ
c)
Condition for saturation
VDS > VGS – Vth
VD > VG – Vth
Therefore, VOUT,MIN = VGS – Vth = 1.5 – 0.5 = 1 V
d)
Rout = r0 + R1 + gmr0R1
r0 = 1/0.05*40µ = 500 kΩ
gm = 10*100*(1.5 – 0.717 – 0.5) = 0.283 mS
R1 = 17.9 kΩ
Rout = 3.05 MΩ
e)
Now gm  gm + gmb
Rout = r0 + R1 + (gm + gmb)r0R1
Therefore, Rout will increase.
Topic: Single state frequency analysis
1. Consider the amplifier shown in below, (W/L)1 = 10, (W/L)2 = 20, (W/L)3 = 10, IBIAS =
50 µA, VDD = 2.5 V, µnCox = 100 µA/V2, µpCox = 30 µA/V2, VTn = VTp = 0.5 V, λn = λp
= 0.05 V-1, γ = 0, Cgs2=2Cgs1=100 fF, Cgd2=2Cgd1=10 fF, and neglect other
capacitors. Input voltage vs has negligible input resistance and contains a DC and an
AC component.
a. Find the bias current of transistor M1. [Ans: 100 µA]

b. Find the small signal voltage gain. [Ans: -44.7 V/V]
c. Find the maximum and the minimum voltage at the output of this amplifier.
[Ans: Vout,max = 1.92 V and Vout,min = 0.447 V]
d. Find the frequency of the dominant pole of this amplifier. [Ans: 5e8 rad/sec]
Solution:
a)
IM1 = IBIAS*(W/L)2/(W/L)1 = 50*2 = 100 µA
b)
Av = -gm(r01||r02) = sqrt(2*10*100µ*100µ)*(1/(2*0.05*100µ)) = -44.7 V/V
c)
IM1 = (W/L)1*0.5*µnCox*(VGS1 - Vth)2
VGS1 = 0.947 V
Therefore Vout,min = 0.947 – Vth = 0.447 V
On the other hand,
IM2 = (W/L)2*0.5*µpCox*(VSG2 - Vth)2
VSG2 = 1.077 V
Therefore, overdrive of M2 will be 1.07 – 0.5 = 0.577, and
Vout,max = 2.5 – 0.577 = 1.923 V
d)
Cout ≅ Cgd2 + (1 – 1/Av)Cgd1≅ 20 fF
Rout = 100 kΩ
P1 = 1/(Rout*Cout) = 5e8 rad/sec
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Question Bank -1 for MEL ZG632 Analog IC Design

Topic: Single state amplifiers

4. A CMOS amplifier is shown in below. Assume M1 and M2 operate in the saturation

=> Rout = 55.55 kΩ

and VGS3 – VT = 0.213 V. As λn = 0, then VOUT,min = 2 VOV = 0.426 V.

rout = 591.31 MΩ.

4. For the circuit shown in below sketch Ix vs. Vx varies from 1 – 3 V.

a. Find the bias current of transistor M1. [Ans: 100 µA]

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