TOSHIBA

Terminology - A Series
Scanners
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Terms used in detail

parameters
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XAP
• Is short for eXAm Plan.

• Contains the preprogrammed factors

for a complete examination.
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Scanogram
• Toshiba’s name for the first reference
image.

• Also known as a Scout, Pilot, Topogram

or Ref image.
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Scan Plan
• In this mode it is possible to completely
plan the next scan.

• Scanogram is displayed with the XAP

parameters, which can be manipulated.

• Multiviews can be planned at Scan Plan or

after vari-area slice.
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Vari-Area
• Used to zoom an image.

• Position and size the ROI, images after

applying the vari-area will have a DFOV
as set by the ROI.
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Raw Data
RAW DATA - all the values that have been
received from the DAS. This data can be
used in many ways to make the image
appear different.
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Effective Slice Thickness

(multi)
• This is the same as Reconstructed slice
thickness.

• Same as Image thickness .

• This can be the same or 10x thicker than

the raw thickness.

• Not effected by helical pitch.

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Start/Pause
• Option to set in a pause before
starting the scan

• either set:
– P for pause
– A for Auto
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Wait

• Option to program in a delay time in

seconds
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Scan Mode
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Scan Mode
• Options of scan
modes available
– S&S
– S&V
– Helical
– GG-Helical
– GR-Helical
– Dynamic
– Surestart
– CT Fluoro
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S&S (Scan & Scan)

• Scans the slice, table moves, Scans the

next slice, and image reconstruct in the
background.
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S&V (Scan & View)

• Scans the slice, table moves, image

reconstructs and scans the next slice.
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Go – Go Helical
• Scan 2 helical blocks, one after the other
in the same scan direction

• Has an automatic table movement between

blocks
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Go – Return Helical
• Scan 2 helical blocks, one after the other

• Scans in one direction then scans back in

the opposite direction
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Dynamic Scan

• Used for scanning at the same table

location eg haemangioma, uptake of
contrast in a lesion, test dose for
contrast delay times, CBP, Surestart, etc.
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Surestart
I.V.
Contrast
detection
package
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CT Fluoro
• Package used for Interventional
procedures eg biopsy etc.
• Option for same thickness on all 3 frames
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KV
• Selection of kV’s available by pull
down menu

™80
™100
™120
™135
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mA
• Selection of mA from 10 - 500 in
steps of 10mA.
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Scan Time
• The TIME for each ‘ROTATION’

• Options can be selected by pull down menu

– 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5sec

• Option of 0.4 sec rotation

• 0.6 sec rotation is available when ECG

gating is installed.
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DFOV
• Display FOV (Zoomed FOV) can be
selected by numeric input or can be set at
scan plan using the icons to drag in cursor
display.
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Reconstruction Interval

• Interval between reconstructed slices.

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Adjustment of scanning
parameters
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Couch Movement
• Table movement after the element (scan
eg helical or S&S or S&V).
• Enter in a numeric value. If 0 => no table
movement after the scan.
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CE
• Denotes Contrast Enhanced which is
displayed at the bottom LHS of the
monitor.
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Couch Speed
• Numeric value
displayed in
mm/rot.

• When Pitch (scan)

is edited the couch
speed is
automatically
updated.
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Pitch (scan)
•Found under continuous tab and
also in Helical range
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Pitch (scan)
• Pitch is displayed as a numeric value.
• Common Single Slice values are : 1 - 1.8
• A pull down menu displays the options
available.(multi only) 2.5 – 6 for 4 slice and 11-23
for 16 slice mode.
• As the couch speed is edited the pitch is
updated.
• Pitch = table movement per rotation (mm/rot)
slice thickness (mm)
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First & Last

•Found under continuous tab and
also in Helical range
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First
• Option to see 1st image from helical run.

• Not necessary with real time display.

• Usually turned OFF

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Last
• Option to see last image from helical run.

• Not necessary with real time display.

• Usually turned OFF

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Number of Rotations
(surestart and dynamic)
• Numeric value denoting max # of rotations
for that element.

• Max time is 100 seconds of scanning

– 0.5 sec scan time = 200 rotations
– 0.75 sec scan time = 133 rotations
– 1.0 sec scan time = 100 rotations
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Real Time
•Found under Continuous Tab
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Real Time
• Real time helical can be
programmed into the xap.

• Display of 12 frames/sec

• Real Time Reconstruction FC

• FC for real time only NOT FC for

image reconstruction.
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Real-time Helical
Realtime
reduces dose to
the patient by
allowing you to
abort the scan
once the area has
been covered.

12 frames /per second

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SURE Exposure – Real EC

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RealEC: dose reduction through

automated dose adaptation
• RealEC (real
exposure control)
changes the ma
based on the
attenuation values it
reads of the scano.
• RealEC can not be
used on an area
outside of the
scano.
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Raw Thickness
(multi)
• Collimated slice thickness .

• Known as “Scan thickness”

• Options available
• 0.5,1,2,3,4,5,8 Helical 4 slice mode
• 0.5,1 & 2 Helical 16 slice mode
• 0.5,1,2,3,4 & 8 for Conv. Acq (S&V or S&S)
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Recon FC
Is the reconstruction
algorithm used to interpret
and display the Raw data as
image data.

• Slightly different
algorithms than AQ 4.
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Detector
Channel direction
Z - direction

1mm x 12

0.5mm x 16
34 Element Rows

40 Element Rows

1mm x 12

4-slice Multi 16-slice Multi

Acquisition Slice Thickness TOSHIBA

Sixteen “Rows”
After slice thickness setting by FET switches

0.5mm x 16

1.0mm x 16

2.0mm x 16
Forty Slice Detectors
“Element Rows”
1

1mm x 12
1

32 mm
0.5mm x 16
16

16
1mm x 12

16
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16 SLICE DETECTOR
•This detector is divided into
34 rows. 0.5mm x 16
•There are 16 x 0.5mm 1mm x 12 1mm x 12
detectors in the center and
12 x 1mm each beside.
•Minimum slice thickness is
16 x 0.5mm.
Maximum slice thickness is
16 x 2mm.
•Maximum scan region is
32mm.
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16 Slice Multi - Acquisition modes

Conventional Helical
0.5mm x 4 0.5mm x 16
16 rows mode 16 rows mode
1mm x 4 1mm x 16 TCOT
2mm x 4 2mm x 16
3mm x 4 8 rows mode
4mm x 4
6mm x 4 8 rows mode
stacked rows
8mm x 4 0.5mm x 4
16 rows mode
1mm x 4 MUSCOT
1mm x 1 16 rows mode 2mm x 4
2mm x 1 2 center rows only 3mm x 4
stacked rows 8 rows mode
MUSCOT
4mm x 1 4mm x 4
6mm x 1 8 rows mode 6mm x 4 8 rows mode
2 center rows only stacked rows
8mm x 1 stacked rows 8mm x 4 MUSCOT
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Stacking (multi)
• Options available:
– Stack 4
– Stack 2
– No Stack
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NO Stack

• 4 slices are generated per rotation.

• Images are denoted

0001 - 1st image
0010 - 2nd image
– 0100 - 3rd image
– 1000 - 4th image

Used in 4 slice mode (MUSCOT)

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2 Stack

• 2 slices are stacked together to generate

2 images per rotation.

• Denoted on image as “0011” and “1100”.

• Used in 4 slice mode (MUSCOT)

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4 Stack

• 4 slices are stacked together to generate

1 image per rotation.

• Denoted on image as “ 1111”.

• Used in 4 slice mode (MUSCOT)

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Calib. FOV
Found in the Recon Detail tab.
• Calibrated FOV
selectable from Pull
down Menu.

– SS = 180mm
– S = 240mm
– M = 320mm
– L = 400mm
– LL = 500mm
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Viewing Direction
• Options available:

– VFF - view from Feet

– VFH - view from Head
– VSN - view scano Normal
– VSR - view scano Reverse
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Interpolation
• Mathematical method for reconstructing
axial images from helical.
• Interp 1 = 360’
• Interp 2 = 180’
• Multislice Helical Interpolation Filter used
is “Interp 3” for 4 slice mode (HFI)
• Interp 5 is used for TCOT (16 slice mode)
• Interp 1 & 2 NOT available with a
MultiSlice scanner.
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Helical Scan in Single Slice (360)

0°

180°

360°
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Helical Scan in Single Slice (180)

0°

180°

360°

Added the Complementary data

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Helical Scan in Multi Slice-Interp 3

Multiple sampling
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MUSCOT
• The Helical Filter Interpolation (HFI)
reconstruction method is used in the 4
slice CT system. HFI does not compensate
for the cone angle with 8 or 16 slice
scanners. Helical artifacts are generated
when the cone angle is not compensated
for.
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Applying fan-beam algorithm

to cone-beam geometry
- - -

Neglecting cone
-

Slice thickness angle introduces

non-uniform Z
resolution.
SSP at the off
SSP z

center region is
broader than at the
iso-center
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Muscot
Multi Slice Cone Beam Tomography
Multiple Sampling of data
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TCOT
True Cone Beam Tomography

Cone angle

Fan angle
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TCOT
• TCOT (true cone beam tomography) was
developed by Toshiba to precisely
compensate the cone angle effects based
on the Feldkamp method. This method
minimizes artifacts related to the cone
angle and provides accurate, high
resolution isotropic images over the entire
imaging field.
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Applying Feldkamp algorithim

to cone-beam geometry
Data is backprojected along true ray-path which allows all pixels
to use the closest ray-sum. This results in uniform z-resolution in
the image plane

SSP
z
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Mag. Ratio
• The Ratio of the DFOV and the CFOV.

• Mag. ratio is displayed as numeric value.

(DFOV is displayed on image Not mag.
ratio)

• This is updated as the DFOV is edited.

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F/H

• Refers to Full or Half (partial)

reconstruction.

• Options available from pull down menu.

– Full
– Half 2
– Half 3
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Filter
• A user filter can be applied to the image to
make images smoother or sharper.

• Click on the pull down menu. Options available

are Smoothing, Enhancement and 10 user
filters which are programmable by the
Radiographer.
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Recon. Detail
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Recon. List
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Recon. List
• Multiple recons can be programmed into the
xap.
• Recon 1 & 2 must be the same slice
thickness but different FC’s and have the
highest priority.
• Other factors that can be different are
archiving, multiview, autoview.
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Recon. List
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Rasp
• Raster Artifact Suppression Protocol -
reduce horizontal streak artifacts

• This is a toggle switch to turn on or off.

• Uses Raw data to apply this function.

• Improved function which reduces body

blurring previously seen.
 New Rasp function
TOSHIBA

Without RASP (Original) With Old-RASP (Old parameter)

With New-RASP (FOV-L) With New-RASP (FOV-M)

Same effect

320mm
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Without RASP (Original) With Old-RASP (Old parameter)

Blurred

With New-RASP (FOV-M)

320, 400 & 500mm

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Archive
• For transferring images to another hard
disk eg Auto transfer to MOD, hospital
network, Vitrea etc.
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Multiview
• For reconstruction of automatic coronal
and sagittal images (MPRs).

• Multiviews can be planned at scan plan

displaying start and end positions by the
yellow lines
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Creation of Multiview
parameters
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Autoview
• On to view images as they reconstruct.

• OFF to have images reconstructing in

the background.
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Urgent Recon.

• Priority can be given to the recons - this

is used for S&S.
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Pre Scan Voice

• Pre scan voice commands can be
programmed into the xap via Utility
icon and voice commands.
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Post Scan Voice

• Post scan voice commands can be

programmed into the xap via Utility
icon and voice commands.
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Focus Size
• This is determined by Slice thickness and
mA and kV. Is set in Engineering software.

• Radiographers can now change from small

to large focus by selecting a higher mA (as
long as it has been set in engineering.)
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Moving Correction

• APMC - Automatic patient movement

correction.

• Options in pull down menu

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Dose Reduction

• Used in “Kids CT” which is optional

software.
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WW/WL
• 3 preset WW/WL can be programmed
into the xap through WW/WL 1,2 & 3.

• It is best to set 3 completely different

values e.g. soft, bone, lung
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New Terminology – AQ 16

•Artifacts
•Zebra Artifact
•Hige Artifact
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New Terminology – AQ 16

•Artifacts

•Zebra Artifact
•Hige Artifact
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Correction of MIP-Zebra artifact

At “half-scan range(HP18-24)”, the correction of
MIP-Zebra artifact is applied automatically.

Original MIP image MIP image with correction

1mmx8/HP10/1mm clinical data
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New Terminology – AQ 16

•Artifacts
•Zebra Artifact

•Hige Artifact
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Hige Artifact

DFOV=200mm DFOV=120mm DFOV=70mm

HIGE artifact
Weak Strong
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Hige Artifact

HP=5 HP=7 HP=10

HIGE : Nothing HIGE : Nothing HIGE : Visible

These artifacts are caused by “High pitch (lack of

data)” & “aliasing” & “Zooming reconstruction”.
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Strategy of HIGE artifact

When a Small DFOV setting is used

(eg DFOV < 150mm)
please use a Low helical pitch (HP11 etc)
.
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Hardware Changes AQ 16
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Hardware changes
•CPU 2 separate units
•New table with 1.8m scanning range
•New arm support device
•4.8Gb MOD’s can be used
•Large HD – 60,000 images on both
console
•Larger Raw data file – 144Gb allowing
3600 rotations.
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Isotropic data
• Where the X,Y and Z resolution is equal => a
cube of data, so coronal & sagittal
reconstructions are of the same quality of
axial slices.
Recon. Resolution Resolution
FOV Slice
pitch (actual) (apparent)
Head 180 0.5 0.3 0.35x0.35x0.5 0.35x0.35x0.3
Head 240 0.5 0.3 0.5x0.5x0.5 0.5x0.5x0.3
Body 400 1.0 0.5 0.8x0.8x1.0 0.8x0.8x0.5
Body 500 1.0 0.5 0.98x0.98x1.0 0.98x0.98x0.5
 FL 3
Sharper TOSHIBA
FL 4
Scanograms FL 5
Smoother FL 1

FL 3 FL 4 FL 5 FL 1
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New Features
•Z- Sharpening Filter – Super resolution

•Quantum Denoising Filter

•Sure Cardio Improvements

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Super Resolution
•Super resolution (SR) uses a Z-sharpening
reconstruction method to produce images with a
very tight slice width profile.

•Super Resolution image reconstruction can only

be applied to 0.5mm and 1mm images in Helical
mode.
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Super Resolution
•Section of Super Resolution reconstruction is
easy.

•1SR mm and 0.5 SR mm is available in the

reconstruction slice thickness menus.
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Ear 0.5 mm slice (Axial image)

ORG Z-sharpening
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Ear 0.5 mm slice (MPR image)

ORG Z-sharpening
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Quantum Denoising Filter

•The Quantum Denoising filter (QDF) is an adaptive noise
reduction filter, applied to CT Images.

•The QDF can result in a image noise (SD) reduction of

UP to 30% This could potentially reduce exposure by UP
to 50%, while maintaining the same image quality.

Note: A slight decrease in image sharpness may become

apparent in some cases.
 QDF – Images
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Original
50mAs 100mAs 200mAs 400mAs

50mAs 100mAs 200mAs 400mAs

Quantum filtered
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80mAs 80mAs
150mAs (w/ Quantum filter) (W/o Quantum filter)

SD:32.7 SD:31.6 SD:47.8

120kV, 0.5mm slice, FC10

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Quantum Denoising Filter

The Quantum Denoising Filter can
achieve up to a 30% reduction in image
noise (SD) on images with the same scan
parameters.
This may improve low contrast
resolution.
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QDF – Post Processing Function

• There are 2D and 3D Filters

• Each Filter has been labeled

for its suggested anatomical
use.
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Sure Cardio
– Phase 2
Breath Hold Training
(Breath Ex.)

• Automated Breath
Hold Training
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Sure Cardio – Phase 2

• The patient is instructed to hold their breath

for the time that is set.

• The recorded heart rate range is displayed.

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Sure Cardio – Phase 2

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Sure Cardio – Phase 2

Sure Cardio will optimize
the scan parameters to
provide the BEST
temporal resolution.

The BEST temporal

resolution is calculated for
the recorded heart rate
range!
• Pitch
• Rotation Time
• Reconstruction
Method
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