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113 views4 pages

4

Uploaded by

keed wild
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New Assessment

You have got a new assessment for lesson "quiz " in Week 11 of ST4059CEM Legal and
Ethical Foundations in Cyber Security
Header
My CourseUsing Campus 4.0
RoutineEventsClubsTicketsSurveyNews & Announcements
87
1
RM
Rikesh Maharjan
Your Task
Skimming practice

Quickly read this text to answer the questions on the other PDF

A. In the early days of mountaineering, questions of safety, standards of


practice, and environmental impact were not widely considered. The sport gained
traction following the successful 1786 ascent of Mont Blanc, the highest peak in
Western Europe, by two French mountaineers, Jacques Balmat and Michel-Gabriel
Paccard. This event established the beginning of modern mountaineering, but the
sole consideration over the next hundred years was the success or failure of
climbers in reaching the summit and claiming the prestige of having made the first
ascent.

B. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, developments in technology


spurred debate regarding climbing practices. Of particular concern in this era was
the introduction of pitons (metal spikes that climbers hammer into the rock face
for leverage) and the use of belaying2 techniques. A few, such as Italian climber
Guido Ray, supported these methods as ways to render climbing less burdensome and
more ‘acrobatic’. Others felt that they were only of value as a safety net if all
else failed. Austrian Paul Preuss went so far as to eschew all artificial aids,
scaling astonishing heights using only his shoes and his bare hands. Albert
Mummery, a well known British mountaineer and author who climbed the European Alps,
and, more famously, the Himalayas, where he died at the age of 39 attempting a
notoriously difficult ascent, developed the notion of ‘fair means’ as a kind of
informal protocol by which the use of ‘walk-through’ guidebooks and equipment such
as ladders and grappling hooks were discouraged.

C. By the 1940s, bolts had begun to replace pitons as the climber’s choice of
equipment, and criticism surrounding their use was no less fierce. In 1948, when
two American climbers scaled Mount Brussels in the Canadian Rockies using a small
number of pitons and bolts, climber Frank Smythe wrote of their efforts: ‘I still
regard Mount Brussels as unclimbed, and my feelings are no different from those I
should have were I to hear that a helicopter had deposited its passenger on the
summit of that mountain just so that he could boast that he had trodden an
untrodden mountain top.’

D. Climbing purists aside, it was not until the 1970s that the general tide began
to turn against bolting and pitons. The USA, and much of the western world, was
waking up to the damage it had been causing to the planet, and environmentalist
campaigns and new government policies were becoming widespread. This new awareness
and sensitivity to environmental issues spilled over into the rock climbing
community. As a result, a stripped- down style of rock climbing known as ‘clean
climbing’ became widely adopted. Clean climbing helped preserve rock faces and,
compared with older approaches, it was much simpler to practise. This was partly
due to the hallmark of clean climbing – the use of nuts - which were favoured over
bolts because they could be placed into the rock wall with one hand while climbers
maintained their grip on the rock with the other.
Skimming practice - questions

1. What is the text about?

2. Summarize the debate among mountaineers about the use of technology.

3. Which paragraph shows the argument moving from Europe to North America?

4. Which paragraph mentioned environmental arguments against the use of climbing


technology?

This assessment is due on Saturday, December 05, 2020 12:00 AM


Useful Social Sites
Freepik
Pinterest
Miro
Asana
Powtoon
Undraw
Google Keep
Apps
Moodle
Library
News & Conferences
FOX News
BBC News
The Guardian
The Sun UK
Daily Mail
TED

Fantasy Leagues
Fantasy Premier League
Fantasy IPL
Magazines
Harvard Business Review
Forbes
National Geographic
The Rolling Stone
The Economist
Nepal Traveller
Tech Related
Life Hacker
How stuff works ?
CNET
New Assessment
You have got a new assessment for lesson "quiz " in Week 11 of ST4059CEM Legal and
Ethical Foundations in Cyber Security
Header
My CourseUsing Campus 4.0
RoutineEventsClubsTicketsSurveyNews & Announcements
87
1
RM
Rikesh Maharjan
Your Task
Skimming practice
Quickly read this text to answer the questions on the other PDF

A. In the early days of mountaineering, questions of safety, standards of


practice, and environmental impact were not widely considered. The sport gained
traction following the successful 1786 ascent of Mont Blanc, the highest peak in
Western Europe, by two French mountaineers, Jacques Balmat and Michel-Gabriel
Paccard. This event established the beginning of modern mountaineering, but the
sole consideration over the next hundred years was the success or failure of
climbers in reaching the summit and claiming the prestige of having made the first
ascent.

B. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, developments in technology


spurred debate regarding climbing practices. Of particular concern in this era was
the introduction of pitons (metal spikes that climbers hammer into the rock face
for leverage) and the use of belaying2 techniques. A few, such as Italian climber
Guido Ray, supported these methods as ways to render climbing less burdensome and
more ‘acrobatic’. Others felt that they were only of value as a safety net if all
else failed. Austrian Paul Preuss went so far as to eschew all artificial aids,
scaling astonishing heights using only his shoes and his bare hands. Albert
Mummery, a well known British mountaineer and author who climbed the European Alps,
and, more famously, the Himalayas, where he died at the age of 39 attempting a
notoriously difficult ascent, developed the notion of ‘fair means’ as a kind of
informal protocol by which the use of ‘walk-through’ guidebooks and equipment such
as ladders and grappling hooks were discouraged.

C. By the 1940s, bolts had begun to replace pitons as the climber’s choice of
equipment, and criticism surrounding their use was no less fierce. In 1948, when
two American climbers scaled Mount Brussels in the Canadian Rockies using a small
number of pitons and bolts, climber Frank Smythe wrote of their efforts: ‘I still
regard Mount Brussels as unclimbed, and my feelings are no different from those I
should have were I to hear that a helicopter had deposited its passenger on the
summit of that mountain just so that he could boast that he had trodden an
untrodden mountain top.’

D. Climbing purists aside, it was not until the 1970s that the general tide began
to turn against bolting and pitons. The USA, and much of the western world, was
waking up to the damage it had been causing to the planet, and environmentalist
campaigns and new government policies were becoming widespread. This new awareness
and sensitivity to environmental issues spilled over into the rock climbing
community. As a result, a stripped- down style of rock climbing known as ‘clean
climbing’ became widely adopted. Clean climbing helped preserve rock faces and,
compared with older approaches, it was much simpler to practise. This was partly
due to the hallmark of clean climbing – the use of nuts - which were favoured over
bolts because they could be placed into the rock wall with one hand while climbers
maintained their grip on the rock with the other.

Skimming practice - questions

1. What is the text about?

2. Summarize the debate among mountaineers about the use of technology.

3. Which paragraph shows the argument moving from Europe to North America?

4. Which paragraph mentioned environmental arguments against the use of climbing


technology?

This assessment is due on Saturday, December 05, 2020 12:00 AM


Useful Social Sites
Freepik
Pinterest
Miro
Asana
Powtoon
Undraw
Google Keep
Apps
Moodle
Library
News & Conferences
FOX News
BBC News
The Guardian
The Sun UK
Daily Mail
TED

Fantasy Leagues
Fantasy Premier League
Fantasy IPL
Magazines
Harvard Business Review
Forbes
National Geographic
The Rolling Stone
The Economist
Nepal Traveller
Tech Related
Life Hacker
How stuff works ?
CNET

Sports
Sporting News
Sky Sports
ESPN
The Score
Softwarica Coventry Logo
© 2020 - 2021 Campus 4.0. Designed and Developed By Softwarica's Research Hub

Sports
Sporting News
Sky Sports
ESPN
The Score
Softwarica Coventry Logo
© 2020 - 2021 Campus 4.0. Designed and Developed By Softwarica's Research Hub

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