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    Ultrasound Therapy Ii: Aditya Johan .R, M.Fis

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    Kamu Hebat
    Ultrasound therapy uses sound waves to treat injuries and conditions. Sound waves have a frequency measured in Hertz or MHz and propagate through media at different speeds depending on the density of the medium. The wavelength depends on the propagation speed and frequency. At boundaries between tissues, some ultrasound waves are reflected and some are transmitted depending on the difference in acoustic impedance. As ultrasound propagates through tissue, its intensity decreases due to attenuation related to frequency, distance traveled, and tissue properties. Intensity can be measured as peak or average values over the beam area or pulse duration.

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    Ultrasound Therapy Ii: Aditya Johan .R, M.Fis

    Uploaded by

    Kamu Hebat
    64 views18 pages
    Ultrasound therapy uses sound waves to treat injuries and conditions. Sound waves have a frequency measured in Hertz or MHz and propagate through media at different speeds depending on the density of the medium. The wavelength depends on the propagation speed and frequency. At boundaries between tissues, some ultrasound waves are reflected and some are transmitted depending on the difference in acoustic impedance. As ultrasound propagates through tissue, its intensity decreases due to attenuation related to frequency, distance traveled, and tissue properties. Intensity can be measured as peak or average values over the beam area or pulse duration.

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    ultrasoundtherapyii-200406054925

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    Ultrasound therapy uses sound waves to treat injuries and conditions. Sound waves have a frequency measured in Hertz or MHz and propagate through media at different speeds depending on the density of the medium. The wavelength depends on the propagation speed and frequency. At boundaries between tissues, some ultrasound waves are reflected and some are transmitted depending on the difference in acoustic impedance. As ultrasound propagates through tissue, its intensity decreases due to attenuation related to frequency, distance traveled, and tissue properties. Intensity can be measured as peak or average values over the beam area or pulse duration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views18 pages

    Ultrasound Therapy Ii: Aditya Johan .R, M.Fis

    Uploaded by

    Kamu Hebat
    Ultrasound therapy uses sound waves to treat injuries and conditions. Sound waves have a frequency measured in Hertz or MHz and propagate through media at different speeds depending on the density of the medium. The wavelength depends on the propagation speed and frequency. At boundaries between tissues, some ultrasound waves are reflected and some are transmitted depending on the difference in acoustic impedance. As ultrasound propagates through tissue, its intensity decreases due to attenuation related to frequency, distance traveled, and tissue properties. Intensity can be measured as peak or average values over the beam area or pulse duration.

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    ULTRASOUND THERAPY II

    Aditya Johan .R, M.Fis


    INTRODUCTION

     Ultrasound (US) is a form of


    MECHANICAL energy, not
    electrical energy
     Sound waves are longitudinal
    waves consisting of areas of
    compression and rarefaction
    FREQUENCY

     Frequency - the number of times a particle experiences a complete


    compression/rarefaction cycle in 1 second.
     1 MHz equal to 1000000 Hz
    PROPAGATION SPEED

     Propagation speed/velocity is the maximum speed which an acoustic wave can move
    through a medium (depens on mediums), unit (m/s)
     Propagation speed is greater in solids > liquids > gases
     the propagation speed is constant for a given medium, if the frequency increases, the
    wavelength will decrease, viceversa

    Propagation speed (c) = Frequency (f) . Wavelength (𝜆)


    PROPAGATION SPEED
    WAVELENGTH

     Wavelength is the distance between two equivalent


    points on the waveform in the particular medium
     With a velocity or propagation speed (c) of 1,540 m/s,
    the wavelength of 1 MHz is 1.54 mm, of 2 MHz is 0.77
    mm, and of 3 MHz is 0.51 mm
    ACCOUSTIC IMPEDANCE

     Accoustic Impedance describe how much resistance an ultrasound beam encounters as


    it posses through a tissue

     Z (muscle) = 1075 kg/m3 x 1585 m/s = 1.7 x 106


    REFRACTION

    sin 𝐼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑅
    =
    𝑐𝐼 𝑐𝑅

     At an acoustic impedance, the sound beam will be refracted, be reflected, or both


    TASK

     If incident wave strike to fat at 45 degree, what degree of refraction on a


    muscle, knowing that fat has density 925 kg/m3 with acoustic impedance
    at 1.34 x 106 and muscle has density 1075 kg/m3 with acoustic impedance
    at 1.70 x 106 ?
    REFLECTION

     At the boundary between media of different acoustic impedances, some of the wave
    energy is reflected and some is transmitted
     The greater the difference in acoustic impedance between the two media, the greater
    the reflection and the smaller the transmission
     The intensity reflection coefficient (IRC) is defined as the ratio of the intensity of the
    reflected wave relative to the incident wave
    TRANSMITION

     The Intensity Transmition Coefficient (ITC) is the amount or percent of


    intensity which is transmitted at the interface

    Intensity Transmission Coefficient = 1 - IRC


    TASK

     Soundwave delivered at 1.5 W/cm2 through fat and muscle, knowing that
    fat has density at 925 kg/m3 with propagation speed at 1450 m/s and
    muscle has 1075 kg/m3 with propagation speed at 1590 m/s, how much
    intensity will be reflected and transmitted?
    ATTENUATION

     Attenuation is the reduction of the sound beam’s amplitude and intensity as it travels
    through a medium
     Attenuation coefficient is the attenuation per unit length of sound wave travel
     For soft tissue, it is approximately one-half of the operating frequency of the transduce
     for every centimeter per MHz, there is approximately 0.5 dB of attenuation coefficient

    Attenuation (dB) = Att coef x distance (d) x frequency (f)


    EXAMPLE

     How much Intensity left for soundwave 3 MHz frequency with 1.5 W/cm2 at 4 cm?
    Att = 0.5 x 4 cm x 3 MHz
    Attenuation = - 6 dB
    Value of dB = 10-6/10 = 0.251
    Final Intensity = Incident Intensity x 0.251
    = 1.5 W/cm2 x 0.251
    = 0.38 W/cm2
    POWER & INTENSITY

     The ultrasound power and the intensity of the ultrasound beam are not identical
     The ultrasound power is the rate of energy transferred
     The intensity is the power per unit area and represents the strength of the ultrasound
    beam

     Intensities have both a peak value and an average value


     Spatial peak (SP) is intensity at the center of the beam
     Spatial average (SA) is intensity averaged throughout the beam
    SPATIAL PEAK AND AVERAGE INTENSITY

     Spatial peak intensity is related to Spatial


    avarege by the Beam Nonuniformity Ratio
    (BNR)
    SPATIAL AVERAGE TEMPORAL PEAK &
    AVERAGE

     Spatial Average Temporal peak (SATP) is maximum


    intensity in the pulse (measured when the pulse is
    on)
     Spatial Average Temporal average (SATA) is
    intensity averaged over one on-off beam cycle
    (takes into account the intensity from the
    beginning of one pulse to the beginning of next)
     SATP x duty cycle = SATA

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