Technological Institute of the Philippines

HCl COLUMN CONDENSER

(E-107)
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

SPECIFICATION SHEET

Heat Exchanger Data Sheet Equipment Tag: E-107

Description: To condense distillate
OPERATING DATA
TYPE TEMA AEL
CONFIGURATION Horizontal
HEAT TRANSFER AREA 1.01908 m2
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
Tube-side Shell side
FLUID CIRCULATING Cold, Air Hot, Steam
TOTAL FLUID kg kg
1.72 0.98
CIRCULATING s s
MATERIAL OF Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
CONSTRUCTION
TYPE TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
NO. OF PASSES 1 2
PRESSURE DROP 15.6 psi 22.3 psi
FOULING RESISTANCE 1 4,000 W W
2
6 , 000 2
m ℃ m ℃
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
DESIGN PRESSURE 1031860.714 Pa
DESIGN TEMPERATURE 242.1465337 K
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER 294.78 W
COEFFICIENT, TUBE SIDE m2 .C
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER 204.12 W
COEFFICIENT, SHELL SIDE m 2 .C
TUBE
BWG Outside Inside Length Pitch Pitch No. of
diamete diamete type tubes
r r
14 38.10 33.88 18 m 47.63 Triangu 44
mm mm mm lar
SHELL
Inside Shell Shell cover Channel Tube sheet
diameter thickness thickness cover thickness
thickness
438.15 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 mm 15 mm
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

From Energy Balance:

The process stream needs to transfer this much heat to the heating
medium which is steam in able to preheat the process stream to its desired
temperature.
Q=3.13878 KW

Select 1-Shell And 2-Tube Pass.

Mass Flow rate:

Cold Fluid: Air
kg
m t =1.72
s
Heating Fluid: Steam
kg
m s =0.98
s

Initial Assumptions

 Fixed Tube Plate

1
 1 inches ODt (BWG 14)=0.0381m
2
 Tube IDt (BWG 14) = 0.0338 m
 Tube Pitch(Triangle)
 Tube length = 18.00 m
W
 U = 100 (Value based on iterative calculation) : [Table 12.1
m2 ℃
Pg. 637 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

 45 % Baffle Cut
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Determination of Trial Area

[Eqn. 4.9-5 Pg. 271 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and Unit
Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

q=UA ∆ T m

q ( 3138.78W )
A= =
U ∆T m W
(100 2 )(30.8 K )
m .K

A=1.01908 m2

SELECTION OF OUTSIDE, INSIDE DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF TUBES

[Appendix A.5-2 Pg. 837 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and
Unit Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

For 1-inch Schedule 40:

Outside Diameter = 38.10 mm

Inside Diameter = 33.88 mm

Length =18.00 m

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=π . d . L=(π )(38.10 x 10−3 m)(18 m)

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=2.1545 m2
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

TUBE SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Mean Tube Temperature

( 3 5+12 15 ) ℃=75 ℃
T mean=

Table 9.12.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at T mean

(Perry’s Handbook, 8th Edition, Table 2-187, Pg.2-211)

Density(kg/m3) 1.014
Viscosity(cp) 0.021
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.02957
Cp(kJ.kg.K) 1.009

Tube Side Coefficient

π 2 π
Tube Cross Sectional Area= Di = ¿
4 4

44 tubes
Tubes per Pass= =22
2 pass

Total Flow Area=Tubes per pass x Tube Cross Sectional Area

901.52 mm2
Total Flow Area=22 ( 1 x 106 )
=0.00198m 2

kg
1.72
s kg
Tube Side Mass Velocity= 2
=86.72
0.00198 m s . m2

kg
86.72
s .m2 m
Tube Side Linear Velocity= =85.52
kg s
1.014 3
m

Tube Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

ρ D i V linear
ℜ=
μ

kg m
1.014 (0.03388 m)(85.52 )
m 3
s
ℜ= =139,911.43
N −s
0.021 x 10−3
m2

Tube Side Prandtl Number

Cp μ
Pr=
Kf

J N −s
1.009 x 103 (0.021 x 10−3 )
kg ℃ m2
Pr= =0.72
W
0.0296 2
m ℃

Jh = 0.0027

The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow
to be represented on the same graph. The j h values from Fig. 12.29 can be
used with Equation 12.15 to estimate heat transfer coefficients. (Coulson,
p. 664).

Equation 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,

4th Ed

W
0.0296
m. ℃
hi = (0.0027)(139,911.43) ¿
33.88 x 10−3 m

W
hi =295.37
m2 ℃

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆ T )= 47.50℃ )=16.08 ℃
hi W
295.37 2
m ℃

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 102.50−16.08 ) ℃=86.42 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.0213 cp

Applying the Correction Factor

W
.hi =(0.998)(295.37 )
m2 ℃

W
hi =294.78
m2 ℃

SHELL SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Shell Side Fluid Properties: Steam as shell side fluid

Shell Side Steam

Mass of Fluid(kg/s) 0.98

Mean Shell Temperature

( 120+180
T mean=
2 )℃ =150℃

Table Thermodynamic Properties

(Perry’s Handbook, Steam Table)

Density(kg/m3) 2.55
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Viscosity(cp) 0.014
Heat Capacity(kJ/kg.C) 2.4
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.032

Baffle Spacing ( l b )=438.15 x 0.50=219.08

( D¿¿ s)(C )(l b)

Cross−Flow Area ( A s )= ¿
Pt

(438.15 mm)(9.53 mm)(219.08mm)

A s=[ ]¿
47.625 mm

A s=19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
0.98
Mass of Fluid s
Mass velocity ( G s )= =
As 19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
G s =51.05
s . m2

Equivalent Diameter

[Eqn. 12.23 Pg. 672 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

1.10 2
Equivalent diameter ( d e ) −For triangular pitch= ( p t −0.917 d 2o )
do

1.1
d e= ¿
38.10 mm

Mean Shell Temperature

(120+180) ℃
Mean Shell Side Temp .= =150℃
2

Shell Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

kg
(51.05 )(27.05 x 10−3 m)
G s de s.m 2
ℜ= =
μ kg
0.014 x 10−3
m. s

ℜ=98,643.01

Shell Side Prandtl Number

J kg
(2.4 x 103 )(0.014 x 10−3 )
Cp. μ kg . K m. s
Pr= =
kf W
0.032
m .℃

Pr=1.05

Jh = 0.0017 (Using 45% Baffle Cut)

Eq 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4 th Ed

1 0.14 1
hO D e μ
kf ( )
= j h ReP r 3
μw
= j h ReP r 3

W
0.032
m. ℃
h o= (0.0017)( 98,643.01)¿
33.10 x 10−3 m

W
h o=201.58
m2 . K

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp .=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆T )= 47.50 ℃ )=23.56 ℃
ho W
201.58 2
m .K

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 150−23.56 ) ℃=126.44 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.013 cp

Applying the correction factor:

W
h o=(1.01)(201.58 )
m2 . K

W
h o=204.12
m2 . K

Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
P' =1.1 X 1031860.714
P' =1135046.785 Pa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)

T ' =1.1 x 242.1465337

T ' =266.3611871 K
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

VCM COLUMN CONDENSER

(E-109)
Technological Institute of the Philippines

SPECIFICATION SHEET
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Heat Exchanger Data Sheet Equipment Tag: E-109

Description: To condense distillate
OPERATING DATA
TYPE TEMA AEL
CONFIGURATION Horizontal
HEAT TRANSFER AREA 1.684423 m2
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
Tube-side Shell side
FLUID CIRCULATING Cold, Air Hot, Steam
TOTAL FLUID kg kg
1.72 0.98
CIRCULATING s s
MATERIAL OF Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
CONSTRUCTION
TYPE TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
NO. OF PASSES 1 2
PRESSURE DROP 21.2 psi 15.8 psi
FOULING RESISTANCE 1 4,000 W 6 , 000 2
W
2
m ℃ m ℃
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
DESIGN PRESSURE 549360.7143 Pa
DESIGN TEMPERATURE 309.4990955 K
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
294.78
COEFFICIENT, TUBE SIDE m2 .C
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
204.12 2
COEFFICIENT, SHELL SIDE m .C
TUBE
BWG Outside Inside Length Pitch Pitch No. of
diamete diamete type tubes
r r
14 38.10 33.88 18 m 47.63 Triangu 44
mm mm mm lar
SHELL
Inside Shell Shell cover Channel Tube sheet
diameter thickness thickness cover thickness
thickness
438.15 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 mm 15 mm

From Energy Balance:

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

The process stream needs to transfer this much heat to the heating
medium which is steam in able to preheat the process stream to its desired
temperature.
Q=7.68097 KW

Select 1-Shell And 2-Tube Pass.

Mass Flow rate:

Cold Fluid: Air
kg
m t =1.72
s
Heating Fluid: Steam
kg
m s =0.98
s

Initial Assumptions

 Fixed Tube Plate

1
 1 inches ODt (BWG 14)=0.0381m
2
 Tube IDt (BWG 14) = 0.0338 m
 Tube Pitch(Triangle)
 Tube length = 18.00 m
W
 U = 100 (Value based on iterative calculation) : [Table 12.1
m2 ℃
Pg. 637 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

 45 % Baffle Cut
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Determination of Trial Area

[Eqn. 4.9-5 Pg. 271 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and Unit
Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

q=UA ∆ T m

q (7680.97 W )
A= =
U ∆T m W
(100 2 )(45.6 K )
m .K

A=1.684423 m2

SELECTION OF OUTSIDE, INSIDE DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF TUBES

[Appendix A.5-2 Pg. 837 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and
Unit Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

For 1-inch Schedule 40:

Outside Diameter = 38.10 mm

Inside Diameter = 33.88 mm

Length =18.00 m

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=π . d . L=(π )(38.10 x 10−3 m)(18 m)

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=2.1545 m2
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

TUBE SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Mean Tube Temperature

T mean=( 40+11
2
0
) ℃=75 ℃
Table 9.12.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at T mean

(Perry’s Handbook, 8th Edition, Table 2-187, Pg.2-211)

Density(kg/m3) 1.014
Viscosity(cp) 0.021
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.02957
Cp(kJ.kg.K) 1.009

Tube Side Coefficient

π 2 π
Tube Cross Sectional Area= Di = ¿
4 4

44 tubes
Tubes per Pass= =22
2 pass

Total Flow Area=Tubes per pass x Tube Cross Sectional Area

901.52 mm2
Total Flow Area=22 ( 1 x 10 6 )
=0.00167 m2

kg
1.72
s kg
Tube Side Mass Velocity= 2
=8 9 . 4 2
0.00198 m s . m2

kg
86.72
s .m 2 m
Tube Side Linear Velocity= =8 6 .11
kg s
1.014 3
m

Tube Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

ρ D i V linear
ℜ=
μ

kg m
1.014 (0.03388 m)(85.52 )
m 3
s
ℜ= =267,325.676
N −s
0.021 x 10−3
m2

Tube Side Prandtl Number

Cp μ
Pr=
Kf

J N −s
1.009 x 103 (0.021 x 10−3 )
kg ℃ m2
Pr= =0.72
W
0.0296 2
m ℃

Jh = 0.0043

The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow
to be represented on the same graph. The j h values from Fig. 12.29 can be
used with Equation 12.15 to estimate heat transfer coefficients. (Coulson,
p. 664).

Equation 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,

4th Ed

W
0.0296
m. ℃
hi = (0.00 43)(267,325.676) ¿
33.88 x 10−3 m

W
hi =346.12
m2 ℃

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆ T )= 47.50 ℃ )=1 7 . 23℃
hi W
346.12 2
m ℃

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 102.50−17.23 ) ℃=86.42 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.0213 cp

Applying the Correction Factor

W
.hi =(0.998)(295.37 )
m2 ℃

W
hi =341. 6 8
m2 ℃

SHELL SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Shell Side Fluid Properties: Steam as shell side fluid

Shell Side Steam

Mass of Fluid(kg/s) 0.98

Mean Shell Temperature

( 1 30+170
T mean=
2 )℃ =150 ℃

Table Thermodynamic Properties

(Perry’s Handbook, Steam Table)

Density(kg/m3) 2.55
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Viscosity(cp) 0.014
Heat Capacity(kJ/kg.C) 2.4
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.032

Baffle Spacing ( l b )=438.15 x 0.50=219.08

( D¿¿ s)(C )(l b)

Cross−Flow Area ( A s )= ¿
Pt

(438.15 mm)(9.53 mm)(219.08mm)

A s=[ ]¿
47.625 mm

A s=19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
0.98
Mass of Fluid s
Mass velocity ( G s )= =
As 19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
G s =45 . 55
s . m2

Equivalent Diameter

[Eqn. 12.23 Pg. 672 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

1.10 2
Equivalent diameter ( d e ) −For triangular pitch= ( p t −0.917 d 2o )
do

1.1
d e= ¿
38.10 mm

Mean Shell Temperature

(1 30+1 7 0)℃
Mean Shell Side Temp .= =150 ℃
2

Shell Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

kg
(51.05 )(27.05 x 10−3 m)
G s de s.m 2
ℜ= =
μ kg
0.014 x 10−3
m. s

ℜ=102 ,6 51 .0 7

Shell Side Prandtl Number

J kg
(2.4 x 103 )(0.014 x 10−3 )
Cp. μ kg . K m. s
Pr= =
kf W
0.032
m .℃

Pr=1.05

Jh = 0.0017 (Using 45% Baffle Cut)

Eq 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4 th Ed

1 0.14 1
hO D e μ
kf ( )
= j h ReP r 3
μw
= j h ReP r 3

W
0.032
m. ℃
h o= (0.0017)(102 , 6 51.0 7) ¿
33.10 x 10−3 m

W
h o=201.58
m2 . K

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp .=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆T )= 47.50 ℃ )=23.56 ℃
ho W
201.58 2
m .K

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 150−23.56 ) ℃=126.44 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.013 cp

Applying the correction factor:

W
h o=(1.01)(2 13 .6 8 )
m2 . K

W
h o=2 21. 45
m2 . K

Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
P' =1.1 X 549360.7143 Pa
P' =604296.7857 Pa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)

T ' =1.1 x 309.4990955 K

T ' =340.4490051 K
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

HCl COLUMN REBOILER

(E-106)
Technological Institute of the Philippines

SPECIFICATION SHEET
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Heat Exchanger Data Sheet Equipment Tag: E-106

Description: To reboil bottoms
OPERATING DATA
TYPE TEMA AEL
CONFIGURATION Horizontal
HEAT TRANSFER AREA 2.3417 m2
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
Tube-side Shell side
FLUID CIRCULATING Cold, Air Hot, Steam
TOTAL FLUID kg kg
1.72 0.98
CIRCULATING s s
MATERIAL OF Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
CONSTRUCTION
TYPE TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
NO. OF PASSES 1 2
PRESSURE DROP 21.2 psi 15.8 psi
FOULING RESISTANCE 1 4,000 W 6 , 000 2
W
2
m ℃ m ℃
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
DESIGN PRESSURE 4331766467.342 Pa
DESIGN TEMPERATURE 313.45743 K
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
387.78
COEFFICIENT, TUBE SIDE m2 .C
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
102.66 2
COEFFICIENT, SHELL SIDE m .C
TUBE
BWG Outside Inside Length Pitch Pitch No. of
diamete diamete type tubes
r r
14 38.10 33.88 18 m 47.63 Triangu 44
mm mm mm lar
SHELL
Inside Shell Shell cover Channel Tube sheet
diameter thickness thickness cover thickness
thickness
438.15 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 mm 15 mm

From Energy Balance:

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

The process stream needs to transfer this much heat to the heating
medium which is steam in able to preheat the process stream to its desired
temperature.
Q=9.3365 KW

Select 1-Shell And 2-Tube Pass.

Mass Flow rate:

Cold Fluid: Air
kg
m t =1.72
s
Heating Fluid: Steam
kg
m s =0.98
s

Initial Assumptions

 Fixed Tube Plate

1
 1 inches ODt (BWG 14)=0.0381m
2
 Tube IDt (BWG 14) = 0.0338 m
 Tube Pitch(Triangle)
 Tube length = 18.00 m
W
 U = 100 (Value based on iterative calculation) : [Table 12.1
m2 ℃
Pg. 637 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

 45 % Baffle Cut
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Determination of Trial Area

[Eqn. 4.9-5 Pg. 271 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and Unit
Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

q=UA ∆ T m

q (93365.712W )
A= =
U ∆T m W
(100 2 )(45.6 K )
m .K

A=2.3417 m2

SELECTION OF OUTSIDE, INSIDE DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF TUBES

[Appendix A.5-2 Pg. 837 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and
Unit Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

For 1-inch Schedule 40:

Outside Diameter = 38.10 mm

Inside Diameter = 33.88 mm

Length =18.00 m

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=π . d . L=(π )(38.10 x 10−3 m)(18 m)

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=2.1545 m2
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

TUBE SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Mean Tube Temperature

T mean=( 40+110
2 )℃ =75℃
Table 9.12.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at T mean

(Perry’s Handbook, 8th Edition, Table 2-187, Pg.2-211)

Density(kg/m3) 1.014
Viscosity(cp) 0.021
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.02957
Cp(kJ.kg.K) 1.009

Tube Side Coefficient

π 2 π
Tube Cross Sectional Area= Di = ¿
4 4

44 tubes
Tubes per Pass= =22
2 pass

Total Flow Area=Tubes per pass x Tube Cross Sectional Area

901.52 mm2
Total Flow Area=22 ( 1 x 10 6 )
=0.00167 m2

kg
1.72
s kg
Tube Side Mass Velocity= 2
=8 9 . 4 2
0.00198 m s . m2

kg
86.72
s .m 2 m
Tube Side Linear Velocity= =8 6 .11
kg s
1.014 3
m

Tube Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

ρ D i V linear
ℜ=
μ

kg m
1.014 (0.03388 m)(85.52 )
m 3
s
ℜ= =267,325.676
N −s
0.021 x 10−3
m2

Tube Side Prandtl Number

Cp μ
Pr=
Kf

J N −s
1.009 x 103 (0.021 x 10−3 )
kg ℃ m2
Pr= =0.72
W
0.0296 2
m ℃

Jh = 0.0043

The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow
to be represented on the same graph. The j h values from Fig. 12.29 can be
used with Equation 12.15 to estimate heat transfer coefficients. (Coulson,
p. 664).

Equation 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,

4th Ed

W
0.0296
m. ℃
hi = (0.00 43)(267,325.676) ¿
33.88 x 10−3 m

W
hi =346.12
m2 ℃

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆ T )= 47.50 ℃ )=1 7 . 23℃
hi W
346.12 2
m ℃

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 102.50−17.23 ) ℃=86.42 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.0213 cp

Applying the Correction Factor

W
.hi =(0.998)(295.37 )
m2 ℃

W
hi =341. 6 8
m2 ℃

SHELL SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Shell Side Fluid Properties: Steam as shell side fluid

Shell Side Steam

Mass of Fluid(kg/s) 0.98

Mean Shell Temperature

( 1 30+170
T mean=
2 )℃ =150 ℃

Table Thermodynamic Properties

(Perry’s Handbook, Steam Table)

Density(kg/m3) 2.55
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Viscosity(cp) 0.014
Heat Capacity(kJ/kg.C) 2.4
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.032

Baffle Spacing ( l b )=438.15 x 0.50=219.08

( D¿¿ s)(C )(l b)

Cross−Flow Area ( A s )= ¿
Pt

(438.15 mm)(9.53 mm)(219.08mm)

A s=[ ]¿
47.625 mm

A s=19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
0.98
Mass of Fluid s
Mass velocity ( G s )= =
As 19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
G s =45 . 55
s . m2

Equivalent Diameter

[Eqn. 12.23 Pg. 672 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

1.10 2
Equivalent diameter ( d e ) −For triangular pitch= ( p t −0.917 d 2o )
do

1.1
d e= ¿
38.10 mm

Mean Shell Temperature

(1 30+1 7 0)℃
Mean Shell Side Temp .= =150 ℃
2

Shell Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

kg
(51.05 )(27.05 x 10−3 m)
G s de s.m 2
ℜ= =
μ kg
0.014 x 10−3
m. s

ℜ=102 ,6 51 .0 7

Shell Side Prandtl Number

J kg
(2.4 x 103 )(0.014 x 10−3 )
Cp. μ kg . K m. s
Pr= =
kf W
0.032
m .℃

Pr=1.05

Jh = 0.0017 (Using 45% Baffle Cut)

Eq 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4 th Ed

1 0.14 1
hO D e μ
kf ( )
= j h ReP r 3
μw
= j h ReP r 3

W
0.032
m. ℃
h o= (0.0017)(102 , 6 51.0 7) ¿
33.10 x 10−3 m

W
h o=201.58
m2 . K

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp .=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆T )= 47.50 ℃ )=23.56 ℃
ho W
201.58 2
m .K

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 150−23.56 ) ℃=126.44 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.013 cp

Applying the correction factor:

W
h o=(1.01)(2 13 .6 8 )
m2 . K

W
h o=2 21. 45
m2 . K

Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
P' =1.1 X 549360.7143 Pa
P' =604296.7857 Pa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)

T ' =1.1 x 309.4990955 K

T ' =340.4490051 K
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

VCM COLUMN REBOILER

(E-108)
Technological Institute of the Philippines

SPECIFICATION SHEET
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Heat Exchanger Data Sheet Equipment Tag: E-108

Description: To reboil bottoms
OPERATING DATA
TYPE TEMA AEL
CONFIGURATION Horizontal
HEAT TRANSFER AREA 1.3295768 m2
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
Tube-side Shell side
FLUID CIRCULATING Cold, Air Hot, Steam
TOTAL FLUID kg kg
1.72 0.98
CIRCULATING s s
MATERIAL OF Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
CONSTRUCTION
TYPE TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
NO. OF PASSES 1 2
PRESSURE DROP 22.7 psi 15.6 psi
FOULING RESISTANCE 1 4,000 W 6 , 000 2
W
2
m ℃ m ℃
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
DESIGN PRESSURE 978262352 Pa
DESIGN TEMPERATURE 355.6265 K
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
345
COEFFICIENT, TUBE SIDE m2 .C
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
123.67 2
COEFFICIENT, SHELL SIDE m .C
TUBE
BWG Outside Inside Length Pitch Pitch No. of
diamete diamete type tubes
r r
14 38.10 33.88 18 m 47.63 Triangu 44
mm mm mm lar
SHELL
Inside Shell Shell cover Channel Tube sheet
diameter thickness thickness cover thickness
thickness
438.15 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 mm 15 mm

From Energy Balance:

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

The process stream needs to transfer this much heat to the heating
medium which is steam in able to preheat the process stream to its desired
temperature.
Q=8.23533 KW

Select 1-Shell And 2-Tube Pass.

Mass Flow rate:

Cold Fluid: Air
kg
m t =1.72
s
Heating Fluid: Steam
kg
m s =0.98
s

Initial Assumptions

 Fixed Tube Plate

1
 1 inches ODt (BWG 14)=0.0381m
2
 Tube IDt (BWG 14) = 0.0338 m
 Tube Pitch(Triangle)
 Tube length = 18.00 m
W
 U = 100 (Value based on iterative calculation) : [Table 12.1
m2 ℃
Pg. 637 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

 45 % Baffle Cut
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Determination of Trial Area

[Eqn. 4.9-5 Pg. 271 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and Unit
Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

q=UA ∆ T m

q (8235.33 W )
A= =
U ∆T m W
(100 2 )(45.6 K )
m .K

A=1.3295768 m2

SELECTION OF OUTSIDE, INSIDE DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF TUBES

[Appendix A.5-2 Pg. 837 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and
Unit Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

For 1-inch Schedule 40:

Outside Diameter = 38.10 mm

Inside Diameter = 33.88 mm

Length =18.00 m

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=π . d . L=(π )(38.10 x 10−3 m)(18 m)

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=2.1545 m2
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

TUBE SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Mean Tube Temperature

T mean=( 40+110
2 )℃ =75℃
Table 9.12.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at T mean

(Perry’s Handbook, 8th Edition, Table 2-187, Pg.2-211)

Density(kg/m3) 1.014
Viscosity(cp) 0.021
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.02957
Cp(kJ.kg.K) 1.009

Tube Side Coefficient

π 2 π
Tube Cross Sectional Area= Di = ¿
4 4

44 tubes
Tubes per Pass= =65
2 pass

Total Flow Area=Tubes per pass x Tube Cross Sectional Area

901.52 mm2
Total Flow Area=65 ( 1 x 10 6 )
=0.00 3423m2

kg
1.72
s kg
Tube Side Mass Velocity= 2
=8 3 . 4 2
0.00198 m s . m2

kg
86.72
s .m 2 m
Tube Side Linear Velocity= =8 9 .11
kg s
1.014 3
m

Tube Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

ρ D i V linear
ℜ=
μ

kg m
1.014 ( 0.03388 m)(85.52 )
m 3
s
ℜ= =756341342
N −s
0.021 x 10−3
m2

Tube Side Prandtl Number

Cp μ
Pr=
Kf

J N −s
1.009 x 103 (0.021 x 10−3 )
kg ℃ m2
Pr= =0. 45
W
0.0296 2
m ℃

Jh = 0.0025

The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow
to be represented on the same graph. The j h values from Fig. 12.29 can be
used with Equation 12.15 to estimate heat transfer coefficients. (Coulson,
p. 664).

Equation 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,

4th Ed

W
0.0296
m. ℃
hi = (0.00 25)(756341342) ¿
33.88 x 10−3 m

W
hi =353
m2 ℃

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆ T )= 47.50 ℃ )=1 7 . 23℃
hi W
346.12 2
m ℃

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 102.50−17.23 ) ℃=86.42 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.0213 cp

Applying the Correction Factor

W
.hi =(0.998)(295.37 )
m2 ℃

W
hi =451.3
m2 ℃

SHELL SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Shell Side Fluid Properties: Steam as shell side fluid

Shell Side Steam

Mass of Fluid(kg/s) 0.98

Mean Shell Temperature

( 1 30+170
T mean=
2 )℃ =150 ℃

Table Thermodynamic Properties

(Perry’s Handbook, Steam Table)

Density(kg/m3) 2.55
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Viscosity(cp) 0.014
Heat Capacity(kJ/kg.C) 2.4
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.032

Baffle Spacing ( l b )=438.15 x 0.50=219.08

( D¿¿ s)(C )(l b)

Cross−Flow Area ( A s )= ¿
Pt

(438.15 mm)(9.53 mm)(219.08mm)

A s=[ ]¿
47.625 mm

A s=19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
0.98
Mass of Fluid s
Mass velocity ( G s )= =
As 19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
G s =45 . 55
s . m2

Equivalent Diameter

[Eqn. 12.23 Pg. 672 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

1.10 2
Equivalent diameter ( d e ) −For triangular pitch= ( p t −0.917 d 2o )
do

1.1
d e= ¿
38.10 mm

Mean Shell Temperature

(1 30+1 7 0)℃
Mean Shell Side Temp .= =150 ℃
2

Shell Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

kg
(51.05 )(27.05 x 10−3 m)
G s de s.m 2
ℜ= =
μ kg
0.014 x 10−3
m. s

ℜ=102 ,6 51 .0 7

Shell Side Prandtl Number

J kg
(2.4 x 103 )(0.014 x 10−3 )
Cp. μ kg . K m. s
Pr= =
kf W
0.032
m .℃

Pr=1. 34

Jh = 0.0017 (Using 45% Baffle Cut)

Eq 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4 th Ed

1 0.14 1
hO D e μ
kf ( )
= j h ReP r 3
μw
= j h ReP r 3

W
0.032
m. ℃
h o= (0.0017)(102 , 6 51.0 7) ¿
33.10 x 10−3 m

W
h o=206.77
m2 . K

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp .=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆T )= 47.50 ℃ )=23.56 ℃
ho W
201.58 2
m .K

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 150−23.56 ) ℃=132.564 4 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.013 cp

Applying the correction factor:

W
h o=(1.01)(326.43 )
m2 . K

W
h o=328.347
m2 . K

Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
P' =1.1 X 756399878 Pa
P' =846868673.43 Pa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)

T ' =1.1 x 432.3456346 K

T ' =444.46346 K
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

HEAVIES COLUMN REBOILER

(E-110)
Technological Institute of the Philippines

SPECIFICATION SHEET
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Heat Exchanger Data Sheet Equipment Tag: E-109

Description: To reboil bottoms
OPERATING DATA
TYPE TEMA AEL
CONFIGURATION Horizontal
HEAT TRANSFER AREA 1.684423 m2
PERFORMANCE OF ONE UNIT
Tube-side Shell side
FLUID CIRCULATING Cold, Air Hot, Steam
TOTAL FLUID kg kg
1.72 0.98
CIRCULATING s s
MATERIAL OF Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
CONSTRUCTION
TYPE TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
NO. OF PASSES 1 2
PRESSURE DROP 21.2 psi 15.8 psi
FOULING RESISTANCE 1 4,000 W 6 , 000 2
W
2
m ℃ m ℃
CONSTRUCTION OF ONE SHELL
DESIGN PRESSURE 549360.7143 Pa
DESIGN TEMPERATURE 309.4990955 K
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
294.78
COEFFICIENT, TUBE SIDE m2 .C
OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER W
204.12 2
COEFFICIENT, SHELL SIDE m .C
TUBE
BWG Outside Inside Length Pitch Pitch No. of
diamete diamete type tubes
r r
14 38.10 33.88 18 m 47.63 Triangu 44
mm mm mm lar
SHELL
Inside Shell Shell cover Channel Tube sheet
diameter thickness thickness cover thickness
thickness
438.15 mm 5 mm 5 mm 3 mm 15 mm

From Energy Balance:

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

The process stream needs to transfer this much heat to the heating
medium which is steam in able to preheat the process stream to its desired
temperature.
Q=7.68097 KW

Select 1-Shell And 2-Tube Pass.

Mass Flow rate:

Cold Fluid: Air
kg
m t =1.72
s
Heating Fluid: Steam
kg
m s =0.98
s

Initial Assumptions

 Fixed Tube Plate

1
 1 inches ODt (BWG 14)=0.0381m
2
 Tube IDt (BWG 14) = 0.0338 m
 Tube Pitch(Triangle)
 Tube length = 18.00 m
W
 U = 100 (Value based on iterative calculation) : [Table 12.1
m2 ℃
Pg. 637 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

 45 % Baffle Cut
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Determination of Trial Area

[Eqn. 4.9-5 Pg. 271 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and Unit
Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

q=UA ∆ T m

q (7680.97 W )
A= =
U ∆T m W
(100 2 )(45.6 K )
m .K

A=1.684423 m2

SELECTION OF OUTSIDE, INSIDE DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF TUBES

[Appendix A.5-2 Pg. 837 from Geankoplis et.al. Transport Processes and
Unit Operation 3rd Edition. (1993). Prentice Hall Inc. New Jersey]

For 1-inch Schedule 40:

Outside Diameter = 38.10 mm

Inside Diameter = 33.88 mm

Length =18.00 m

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=π . d . L=(π )(38.10 x 10−3 m)(18 m)

Areaof ( 1 ) tube=2.1545 m2
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

TUBE SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Mean Tube Temperature

T mean=( 40+110
2 )℃ =75℃
Table 9.12.5 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at T mean

(Perry’s Handbook, 8th Edition, Table 2-187, Pg.2-211)

Density(kg/m3) 1.014
Viscosity(cp) 0.021
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.02957
Cp(kJ.kg.K) 1.009

Tube Side Coefficient

π 2 π
Tube Cross Sectional Area= Di = ¿
4 4

44 tubes
Tubes per Pass= =22
2 pass

Total Flow Area=Tubes per pass x Tube Cross Sectional Area

901.52 mm2
Total Flow Area=22 ( 1 x 10 6 )
=0.00167 m2

kg
1.72
s kg
Tube Side Mass Velocity= 2
=8 9 . 4 2
0.00198 m s . m2

kg
86.72
s .m 2 m
Tube Side Linear Velocity= =8 6 .11
kg s
1.014 3
m

Tube Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

ρ D i V linear
ℜ=
μ

kg m
1.014 (0.03388 m)(85.52 )
m 3
s
ℜ= =267,325.676
N −s
0.021 x 10−3
m2

Tube Side Prandtl Number

Cp μ
Pr=
Kf

J N −s
1.009 x 103 (0.021 x 10−3 )
kg ℃ m2
Pr= =0.72
W
0.0296 2
m ℃

Jh = 0.0043

The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow
to be represented on the same graph. The j h values from Fig. 12.29 can be
used with Equation 12.15 to estimate heat transfer coefficients. (Coulson,
p. 664).

Equation 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,

4th Ed

W
0.0296
m. ℃
hi = (0.00 43)(267,325.676) ¿
33.88 x 10−3 m

W
hi =346.12
m2 ℃

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆ T )= 47.50 ℃ )=1 7 . 23℃
hi W
346.12 2
m ℃

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 102.50−17.23 ) ℃=86.42 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.0213 cp

Applying the Correction Factor

W
.hi =(0.998)(295.37 )
m2 ℃

W
hi =341. 6 8
m2 ℃

SHELL SIDE HEAT TRANSFER FACTOR

Shell Side Fluid Properties: Steam as shell side fluid

Shell Side Steam

Mass of Fluid(kg/s) 0.98

Mean Shell Temperature

( 1 30+170
T mean=
2 )℃ =150 ℃

Table Thermodynamic Properties

(Perry’s Handbook, Steam Table)

Density(kg/m3) 2.55
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Viscosity(cp) 0.014
Heat Capacity(kJ/kg.C) 2.4
Thermal Conductivity(W/m.C) 0.032

Baffle Spacing ( l b )=438.15 x 0.50=219.08

( D¿¿ s)(C )(l b)

Cross−Flow Area ( A s )= ¿
Pt

(438.15 mm)(9.53 mm)(219.08mm)

A s=[ ]¿
47.625 mm

A s=19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
0.98
Mass of Fluid s
Mass velocity ( G s )= =
As 19.20 x 10−3 m2

kg
G s =45 . 55
s . m2

Equivalent Diameter

[Eqn. 12.23 Pg. 672 from R.K Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6.
(2005).Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann. Oxford]

1.10 2
Equivalent diameter ( d e ) −For triangular pitch= ( p t −0.917 d 2o )
do

1.1
d e= ¿
38.10 mm

Mean Shell Temperature

(1 30+1 7 0)℃
Mean Shell Side Temp .= =150 ℃
2

Shell Side Reynold’s Number

 Technological Institute of the Philippines

kg
(51.05 )(27.05 x 10−3 m)
G s de s.m 2
ℜ= =
μ kg
0.014 x 10−3
m. s

ℜ=102 ,6 51 .0 7

Shell Side Prandtl Number

J kg
(2.4 x 103 )(0.014 x 10−3 )
Cp. μ kg . K m. s
Pr= =
kf W
0.032
m .℃

Pr=1.05

Jh = 0.0017 (Using 45% Baffle Cut)

Eq 12.15 Coulson & Richardson Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4 th Ed

1 0.14 1
hO D e μ
kf ( )
= j h ReP r 3
μw
= j h ReP r 3

W
0.032
m. ℃
h o= (0.0017)(102 , 6 51.0 7) ¿
33.10 x 10−3 m

W
h o=201.58
m2 . K

Computing for the Correction Factor

Temperature Difference of shell∧tube Mean Temp .=( 118.7−71.2 ) ℃

Temperature Difference=47.50 ℃
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

W
100
U m2 ℃ (
Film Temperature= ( ∆T )= 47.50 ℃ )=23.56 ℃
ho W
201.58 2
m .K

Mean Wall Temperature ( T w ) =( 150−23.56 ) ℃=126.44 ℃

Viscosity at T w =0.013 cp

Applying the correction factor:

W
h o=(1.01)(2 13 .6 8 )
m2 . K

W
h o=2 21. 45
m2 . K

Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
P' =1.1 X 549360.7143 Pa
P' =604296.7857 Pa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)

T ' =1.1 x 309.4990955 K

T ' =340.4490051 K