1.

(LKR)

Description Income Expenses Assets Liabilities

Accounts 31,200.00
receivable
Fees Received 188,000.00
Wages 56,800.00
expenses
Miscellaneous 2,800.00
expense
Utilities 16,500.00
expense
Marketing 4,500.00
expenses
Rent expenses 36,000.00
Property, plant 150,000.0
and  0
Equipment 
Inventory 52,000.00
Cash 30,000.00
Accounts 25,000.00
payable
Bank loan 115,000.00
TOTAL 188,000.00 116,600.00 263,200.0 140,000.00
0

TOTAL EQUITY

Owner’s Capital + Income - Expenses = Assets – Liabilities

Owner’s Capital + 188,000.00 - 116,600.00 = 263,200.00 - 140,000.00
Owner’s Capital = 123,200.00 -188,000.00
+116,600.00
Owner’s Capital = LKR 51,800.00

TOTAL EQUITY = Assets – Liabilities

TOTAL EQUITY = 263,200.00 - 140,000.00
TOTAL EQUITY = 123,200.00
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 2.
(LKR)

ASSETS = LIABILITIES + EQUITY

NO. DATE DESCRIPTION
A 01.06.2021 Capital + 20,000 + 20,000
(Cash) (Capital)
B  04.06.202 bank loan + 100,000 + 100,000
1 (Cash) (Bank Loan)
C 10.06.2021 purchased a machine on + 15,000 + 15,000
credit (Machines) (Suppliers)
D 15.06.2021 Paid to creditors (10,000) (10,000)
(Cash) (creditors)
E 20.06.2021 Collected from debtors + 25,000
(Cash)
(25,000)
(Debtors)
F 22.06.2021 paid his children’s school (3,500) (3,500)
fees (Bank) (Drawings)
G 24.06.2021 Sold goods on cash (10,000) +45,000
(Inventory) (Profit)
+55,000
(Cash)
H 26.06.2021 Electricity bill payment (10,000) (10,000)
(Cash) (Electricity)

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3.
(a) Sam's Business
Income Statement for year ended 31 December 2020
(LKR) (LKR) (LKR)
Sales 770,000
Less: Cost of goods sold (272,000)
Gross profit 498,000

Operating Expenses & Income

Electricity 4,500
Depreciation- Motor Vehicles  56,000
- Machinery 38,000
- Land and Building 96,000 190,000
Rent 72,000
Advertising 4,500
Distribution expenses 3,300
Telephone expenses 3,800
Salaries 82,000
Total Operating Expenses (360,100)

Non- Operating / Other and Income

Interest expenses (2,500)
Investment Income 53,000
Total Non-Operating 50,500
Net Profit 188,400

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(b) Sam's Business
Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2020
(LKR)
Cost Acc. Depreciation Net Book Value

Assets
Non-Current Assets
Land and Building 960,000 (96,000) 864,000
Machinery 380,000 (38,000) 342,000
Motor Vehicles 560,000 (56,000) 504,000
Total Non-Current Assets 1,900,000 190,000 1,710,000
Current Assets
Inventory 72,000
Accounts Receivable 88,000
Cash at hand 12,500
Total Current Assets 172,500
Total Assets 1,882,500
Equity & Liabilities
Equity
Capital 1,334,100
Add: Net Profit 188,400
Less: Drawings -
Total Equity 1,522,500
Non-Current Liabilities
Loan 285,000
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable 75,000
Total Equity & Liabilities 1,882,500

(i) Quick Asset Ratio = (Current Assets – Inventories)

Current Liabilities
= (172,500 - 72,000)
75,000
= 100,500
75,000
= 1.34

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(ii) Inventory turnover ratio = Cost of goods sold
= Opening Closing Average Inventory
+
Inventory Inventory = 272,000
2
36,000
= 0 + 72,000
= 7.56
2
= 36,000

(iii) Accounts Receivables = Net Credit Sales

Turnover Average Accounts receivables
= Sales x 60%
Opening Accounts Closing Accounts
Receivables + Receivables
2
= 770,000 x 60%
0 + 88,000
2
= 462,000
44,000
= 10.5

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(iv)Total Asset Turnover Ratio = Net Sales
= Opening Closing Average Total Assets
Assets + Assets
= 770,000
2
941,250
= 0 + 1,882,500
= 0.82
2
= 941,250

(v) Gross profit margin ratio (%) = Gross Profit

x 100%
Net Sales
= 498,000
x 100%
770,000
= 64.68 %
4.
a) 9,4,2,4,5,8,4,5,6,8,9,9,8,9,3
Mean = Σ (X)
N
= (9 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 9 + 8 + 9 + 3)
15
= 93
15
= 6.2

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9,4,2,4,5,8,4,5,6,8,9,9,8,9,3
Order from smallest to largest
2,3,4,4,4,5,5,6,8,8,8,9,9,9,9
Median = (N + 1)
TH TERM
2
= (15 + 1) TH TERM
2
= 8 TH
= 6

Mode = the value that appears most frequently in a data set

= 9

b) 136, 150, 119, 150, 125, 140, 198

Order from smallest to largest 119, 125, 136, 140, 150, 150, 198

Upper Quartile =
= 3
(7 + 1) TH TERM
4
= 6 TH TERM
= 150

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Inter quartile range = Q3 – Q1
1
= 150 - (7 + 1) TH TERM
4
= 150 – (2 ND TERM)
= 150 – 125
= 25
c) 8, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1
Range (X) = Max (X) – Min (X)
= 8-1
= 7
d) 9, 10, 12,7,18
(x) = Σ (X) = (9+10+12+7+18) = 56/5 = 11.2
N 5

X X-X (X–X) 2
7 7-11.2 =-4.2 (-4.2)2 =17.64
9 9-11.2 =-2.2 (-2.2)2 = 4.84
10 10-11.2 =-1.2 (-1.2)2 = 1.44
12 12-11.2 = 0.8 (0.8)2 = 0.64
18 18-11.2 = 6.8 (6.8)2 =46.24

56 Σ (X - X)2 = 70.8

Standard Deviation = Σ (X - X) 2
N
= 70.8
5
= √14.16
= 3.76

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5.
Heights F CF M FM (X- x ) 2 f(X- x )2
(in  cm) (X) (FX)
120-130 2 2 125 250 (125-148.6) = 556.96 1113.92
130-140 5 7 135 675 (135-148.6) = 184.96 924.80

140-150 24 31 145 3480 (145-148.6) = 12.96 311.04

150-160 11 42 155 1705 (155-148.6) = 40.96 450.56
160-170 8 50 165 1320 (165-148.6) = 268.96 2151.68
7430 4952.00

i) Mean height = Σ fx

Σf
= 7430
50
= 148.6 cm

ii) Median = (N/2)th term

= (50/2)th term
= 25th term
Median Class = (140-150) Class

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 N/2 - F
Median Height = l + f C

50/2 – 7
= 140 + X 10
24
= 140 + 7.5 = 147.5 cm

iii) Standard Deviation = Σ f (X – x) 2

Σf–1
= 4952
50-1
= 10.05

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TASK 2
Introduction of the chosen organization
Dialog Axiata PLC is one of Sri Lanka's largest telecommunications & satellite TV service
providers, and the country's largest satellite TV operator with 14.275 million subscribers
which amounts to 55% of the Sri Lankan telecommunications market. Dialog Axiata is public
limited company & subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad. Being one of the listed companies in
Colombo Stock Exchange in terms of market capitalization as an organization for profit,
Dialog Axiata PLC is identified as the country’s largest direct Investor with over 2Bn total
investments. Currently there are 32 products and services being provided by Dialog Axiata
PLC, mainly including mobile telecommunication, digital pay TV (Dialog TV), broadband
networks and mobile phones so on. Also, Dialog Axiata PLC has been able to provide
international roaming services across more than 200 countries. Following figure indicates the
main attributes of Dialog.
Number of branches Number of employees Turnover (LKR Bn) Market share
416 4673 5.6 55%

Task (i) Management

“Management is a process which is continuous and never ending”
Management cannot be defined as a process which is limited and framed. It is a science
which requires experimenting, risk taking while motivating and taking the best out of a staff.
Considering four primary functions of management (Henri Fayol); planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling elaborates the depth of management from beginning to end and its
contribution on maintaining the quality of outcome.

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Planning - Planning refers to setting an organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve
them. Considering Dialog Axiata, the top management always anticipates the future trends in
the market while analyzing the behavior and capabilities of internal environment (staff) as
well. Identification of the new market trends and planning to set course towards those trends
helped Dialog to compete as an innovative company and invent unique services such as
unlimited social media packages, fiber optic routers and Android TV. Planning helps Dialog
to enhance managerial effectiveness as it works as guidance for future activities and the
process includes creating missions, objectives and the actions to achieve them with relevant
to the capabilities of employees.
Organizing - Organizing can be defined as the process by which the established plans are
moved closer to realization through organizing both financial and human resources
effectively. Activities should be coordinated according to the time scale of the plan.
Considering the success of Dialog over the years, most contributing factor is the structure of
the organization. A research done by ‘Tamika Kampini’ in 2018 emphasizes that organization
structure impacts on employee performance. working without hierarchy, centralized decision
making and innovative culture provides a motivation for employees to engage and share their
ideas about daily activities. Currently Dialog TV is structured with strong links eliminating
unproductive links which supports effective and speed communication from top to bottom.
Leading – leadership is an essential factor to keep the employees focus and attitudes on the
track. After planning and setting course for the plan, involvement of leadership is critical to
influence people to maintain the sense of ‘togetherness’ while working towards the common
goal.
Controlling – even after launching the plan successfully, role of management is not ended.
Activities must be closely monitored to ensure that the expected outcome is continuously
received. Dialog usually use web traffic rate, SEO and social media reviews to monitor the
effectiveness from customer perspective while using turnover, return on investment and
market share to monitor success on financial perspective.
Considered primary functions are interrelated. Above explanations emphasizes that it is
continuous process which never ends and a process which must be continuously followed to
receive the expected outcome.

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