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4.5 Torque Expressions in A DC Machine: C Dr. P. Sensarma, Department of Electrical Engg, IIT-Kanpur, India

This document discusses torque expressions in a DC machine. It shows a cross-section of a basic 2-pole DC machine with its field and armature windings perpendicular. The developed torque is expressed as proportional to the product of flux per pole and armature current. For a shunt machine, torque is proportional to the product of field current, armature current, and a machine constant. For a series machine, torque is proportional to the square of the armature current times the machine constant.

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30 views2 pages

4.5 Torque Expressions in A DC Machine: C Dr. P. Sensarma, Department of Electrical Engg, IIT-Kanpur, India

This document discusses torque expressions in a DC machine. It shows a cross-section of a basic 2-pole DC machine with its field and armature windings perpendicular. The developed torque is expressed as proportional to the product of flux per pole and armature current. For a shunt machine, torque is proportional to the product of field current, armature current, and a machine constant. For a series machine, torque is proportional to the square of the armature current times the machine constant.

Uploaded by

Adarsh Banth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.5.

TORQUE EXPRESSIONS IN A DC MACHINE

4.5 Torque expressions in a dc machine


Let’s see a first consequence of this result on the dc machine. Fig. 4.11 shows the cross-section

Figure 4.11: Cross-section of a basic 2-pole dc machine. Field and armature mmf-s are seen to
be perpendicular. Air-gap mmf distribution is stationary.

of a 2-pole dc machine, with its set of armature conductors and field poles. The concentrated
field winding, having Nf turns, is carrying the field current, If , and the sense of the field winding
results in the field mmf being created in the direction PP′ shown. Similarly, the armature
conductors (on the rotor) are part of the distributed armature winding, which was introduced in
the discussion on dc generators. As the rotor is in motion, the figure is actually a snapshot of the
motor section, at an arbitrary instant of time. The brushes for the 2-pole armature winding are
also shown connected to the commutator segments. For simplicity, it may be assumed that the
commutator segment at any angular position is connected to a conductor at the same angular
position. The coil which is commutating at the present instant is shown as an example. It is
obvious from the figure that the field and armature mmf-s are always electrically orthogonal in
space. Hence, from (4.73), ignoring the negative sign, the developed torque is expressed as
 
Ca P
Tf = Φ p Ia (4.74)
2mπ

where,
Ca : total number of armature conductors,
P : number of poles,
m: number of parallel paths in armature winding,

c
Dr. P. Sensarma, Department of Electrical Engg, IIT-Kanpur, India. 63
CHAPTER 4. BASICS OF TORQUE/FORCE IN ELECTRIC MACHINES

Φp : flux per pole, and


Ia : armature current.
Note that the machine constant- shown in brackets in (4.74)- is similar to that of the emf
equation of (3.13). In fact, these constants are exactly identical when the units for rotational
speed, consistent with the emf equation, is in radians/sec.
It is easier to relate the torque to the armature and field currents, these being the injected
variables. Before doing this, we note that the flux is proportional to the mmf, which in turn, is
proportional to the field current, If . So,

Φp = Kf If . (4.75)

So, in a shunt connected dc machine,


 
Ca P
Tf = Kf If Ia (4.76)
2mπ

and for a series motor, where the field flux is proportional to Ia in the absence of core saturation,
the torque expression is  
Ca P
Tf = Kf Ia2 . (4.77)
2mπ

64 c
Dr. P. Sensarma, Department of Electrical Engg, IIT-Kanpur, India.

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