This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A1063/A1063M − 20

Standard Specification for

Steel Sheet, Twin-Roll Cast, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) by the
Hot-Dip Process1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1063/A1063M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1 This specification covers steel sheet, produced by the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D
Twin-Roll Cast process (see Appendix X2) and zinc-coated
(galvanized) by the hot-dip process in coils and cut lengths. priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—See Appendix X2 for a description of the Twin-Roll Cast
process. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The product is produced in various zinc coating weights ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
[masses] or coating designations as shown in Table 1.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 Product furnished under this specification shall conform mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to the applicable requirements of the latest issue of Specifica- Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tion A924/A924M unless otherwise provided herein.
1.4 The product is available in a number of designations, 2. Referenced Documents
grades, and classes and in the two following general categories 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
that are designed to be compatible with different application A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
requirements.
ra
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
1.4.1 Steels with mandatory chemical requirements and A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
typical mechanical properties.
of Steel Products
1.4.2 Steels with mandatory chemical requirements and
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
mandatory mechanical properties.
Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and
1.5 This material is available in the following sizes: Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
1.5.1 Thickness—up to 0.078 in. [2.0 mm]. A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-
1.5.2 Width—up to 79 in. [2000 mm]. ucts
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and A924/A924M Specification for General Requirements for
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be B6 Specification for Zinc
considered as requirements of this specification. B852 Specification for Continuous Galvanizing Grade
1.7 Units—This specification is applicable to orders in (CGG) Zinc Alloys for Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Sheet
either inch-pound units (as A1063) or SI units (as A1063M). Steel
Values in inch-pound and SI units are not necessarily equiva-
lent. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. Each 3. Terminology
ft
system shall be used independently of the other. 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology A902 for definitions of
1.8 Unless the order specifies the “M” designation (SI general terminology relating to metallic-coated hot-dip prod-
units), the product shall be furnished to inch-pound units. ucts.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on
Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee A05.11 on Sheet Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A1063/A1063M – 19. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A1063_A1063M-20. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A1063/A1063M − 20
TABLE 1 Weight [Mass] of Coating RequirementsA,B,C
NOTE 1— Use the information provided in 8.1.2 to obtain the approximate coating thickness from the coating weight [mass].
Minimum Requirement
Triple-Spot Test Single-Spot Test
Inch-Pound Units
Type Coating Designation Total Both Sides, oz/ft2 One Side, oz/ft2 Total Both Sides, oz/ft2
Zinc G01C no minimum no minimum no minimum
G30 0.30 0.10 0.25
G40 0.40 0.12 0.30
G60 0.60 0.20 0.50
G90 0.90 0.32 0.80
G100 1.00 0.36 0.90
G115 1.15 0.40 1.00
G140 1.40 0.48 1.20
G165 1.65 0.56 1.40
G185 1.85 0.64 1.60
SI Units
Type Coating Designation Total Both Sides, g/m2 One Side, g/m2 Total Both Sides, g/m2
Zinc Z001C no minimum no minimum no minimum
D
Z90 90 30 75
Z120 120 36 90
Z180 180 60 150
Z275 275 94 235
Z305 305 110 275
Z350 350 120 300
Z450 450 154 385
Z500 500 170 425
Z550 550 190 475
Z600 600 204 510
A
The coating designation number is the term by which this product is specified. Because of the many variables and changing conditions that are characteristic of
continuous hot-dip coating lines, the zinc coating is not always evenly divided between the two surfaces of a coated sheet; nor is it always evenly distributed from edge
to edge. However, the minimum triple-spot average coating weight (mass) on any one side shall not be less than 40 % of the single-spot requirement.
B
As it is an established fact that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of zinc coated sheet products is a direct function of coating thickness (weight [mass]), the selection
of thinner (lighter) coating designations will result in almost linearly reduced corrosion performance of the coating. For example, heavier galvanized coatings perform
adequately in bold atmospheric exposure whereas the lighter coatings are often further coated with paint or a similar barrier coating for increased corrosion resistance.
Because of this relationship, products carrying the statement “meets ASTM A1063/A1063M requirements” should also specify the particular coating designation.
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C
No minimum means that there are no established minimum requirements for triple- and single-spot tests.

3.2.1 differentially coated, n—galvanized steel sheet having 3.2.4 regular spangle, n—the finish produced on hot-dip
a specified “coating designation” on one surface and a signifi- zinc-coated steel sheet in which the zinc crystal structure is
cantly lighter specified “coating designation” on the other visible to the unaided eye.
surface. 3.2.4.1 Discussion—Solidification of the zinc coating is
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The single side relationship of either typically uncontrolled, which produces the variable grain size
specified “coating designation” is the same as shown in the associated with this finish and is not subject to size limits.
note of Table 1 regarding uniformity of coating. Refer to Terminology A902 for a general definition of the term
3.2.2 high strength low alloy steel, n—a specific group of spangle.
sheet steels whose strength is achieved through the use of 3.2.5 spangle-free, n—the uniform finish of small, equiaxed
microalloying elements such as columbium (niobium), grains produced on hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet in which the
vanadium, titanium, and molybdenum resulting in improved visual spangle pattern, especially the surface variations created
formability and weldability than is obtained from conventional by spangle formation, is difficult to discern with the unaided
carbon-manganese steels. eye.
ft
3.2.3 minimized spangle, n—the finish produced on hot-dip 3.2.5.1 Discussion—This finish is produced when the zinc
zinc-coated steel sheet in which the grain pattern is visible to crystal growth is inhibited by a combination of coating-bath
the unaided eye, and is typically smaller and less distinct than chemistry, or cooling, or both, during solidification of the zinc.
the pattern visible on regular spangle.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—This finish is produced by one of two 4. Classification
methods: either (1) the zinc crystal growth has been started but 4.1 The material is available in several designations as
arrested by special production practices during solidification of follows:
the zinc, or (2) the zinc crystal growth is inhibited by a
4.1.1 Commercial steel (CS Types A, B, and C),
combination of coating-bath chemistry plus cooling during
4.1.2 Structural steel (SS), and
solidification of the zinc. Minimized spangle is normally
produced in coating designations G90 [Z275] and lighter. 4.1.3 High strength low alloy steel (HSLAS).
Subject to agreement of the producer, it is permissible for a 4.2 Structural steel and high-strength low-alloy steel are
user to specify limits on minimized spangle size. available in several grades based on mechanical properties.

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 A1063/A1063M − 20
TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsA for Twin Roll Cast Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS
Composition, %—Heat Analysis Element,
Designation Maximum (unless otherwise shown)
C Mn P S AlB,C SiC CuD Ni Cr Mo V Cb/NbF Ti N
A A A
CS 0.10 0.70 0.030 0.035 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008
Type A

A A A
CS 0.02 to 0.70 0.030 0.035 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008
Type BE 0.15

A A A
CS 0.15 0.80 0.030 0.035 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.15 0.008 0.008 0.008
Type C
A
There is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported.
B
When aluminum deoxidized steel is required, it may be ordered to a minimum of 0.01 % total aluminum.
C
Twin-roll cast product shall be deoxidized using either silicon or aluminum.
D
When copper steel is specified, the copper limit is a minimum of 0.20 %.
E
Specify Type B to avoid carbon levels below 0.02 %.
F
Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for Element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.
D
Structural steel Grade 80 is available in two classes and 5.2.11 Dimensions (show thickness, minimum or nominal,
high-strength low-alloy grades 45 through 80 are available in width, flatness requirements, and length, if cut lengths). The
two classes. purchaser shall specify the appropriate table of thickness
4.3 The material is available zinc-coated in several coating tolerances in Specification A924/A924M that applies to the
weights [masses] or coating designations as shown in Table 1, order, that is, the table of thickness tolerances for 3⁄8-in.
and [10-mm] edge distance, or the table of thickness tolerances for
4.3.1 The material is available with the same or different 1-in. [25-mm] edge distance;
coating designations on each surface. 5.2.12 Coil size requirements (specify maximum outside
diameter (OD), acceptable inside diameter (ID), and maximum
5. Ordering Information weight [mass]);
5.2.13 Packaging;
ra
5.1 Zinc-coated sheet in coils and cut lengths is produced to 5.2.14 Certification, if required, heat analysis and mechani-
thickness requirements expressed to 0.001 in. [0.01 mm]. The cal property report;
thickness of the sheet includes both the base metal and the 5.2.15 Application (part identification and description);
coating. 5.2.16 Special requirements (if any); and
5.2 Orders for product to this specification shall include the 5.2.17 Supplementary Requirement, please specify.
following information, as necessary, to adequately describe the NOTE 2—Typical ordering descriptions are as follows: steel sheet,
desired product: zinc-coated, commercial steel Type A, Limit H, ASTM A1063, Coating
Designation G90, chemically treated, oiled, minimum 0.040 by 34 by
5.2.1 Name of product (steel sheet, twin-roll cast, zinc- 117 in., for stock tanks, or steel sheet, zinc-coated, high strength low alloy
coated (galvanized)); steel Grade 340, class 1, Limit L, ASTM /A 1063M, Coating Designation
5.2.2 Designation of sheet [CS (Types A, B, and C), SS Z275, minimized spangle, not chemically treated, oiled, minimum 1.00 by
(Limits L or H), and HSLAS (Limits L or H)]; 920 mm by coil, 1520-mm maximum OD, 600-mm ID, 10 000-kg
5.2.2.1 When a CS type is not specified, CS Type B will be maximum, for tractor inner fender.
NOTE 3—The purchaser should be aware that there are variations in
furnished. manufacturing practices among the producers and therefore is advised to
5.2.3 When a SS or HSLAS designation is specified, state establish the producer’s standard (or default) procedures for thickness
the appropriate grade, or class, or combination thereof; tolerances.
5.2.3.1 When a class for SS Grade 80 is not specified, Class
1 will be provided. 6. Chemical Composition
ft
5.2.3.2 When a class for HSLAS is not specified, Class 1 6.1 Base Metal:
will be provided. 6.1.1 The heat analysis of the base metal shall conform to
5.2.4 Specify Limit L or Limit H for Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo; the requirements shown in Table 2 for CS (Types A, B, and C),
5.2.4.1 When the limit L or H is not specified, limit H will Table 3 for SS and HSLAS, and Table 4 for Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo.
be furnished. 6.1.2 Each of the elements listed in Tables 2-4 shall be
5.2.5 ASTM designation number and year of issue as included in the report of heat analysis. When the amount of
A1063 for inch-pound units or A1063M for SI units; copper, nickel, chromium, or molybdenum is less than 0.02 %,
5.2.6 Coating designation; report the analysis as either <0.02 % or the actual determined
5.2.7 Chemically treated or not chemically treated; value. When the amount of vanadium, titanium, or columbium
5.2.8 Oiled or not oiled; is less than 0.008 %, report the analysis as either <0.008 % or
5.2.9 Finish (minimized spangle, regular spangle, or the actual determined value.
spangle-free); 6.1.3 See Specification A924/A924M for chemical analysis
5.2.10 Extra smooth (if required); procedures and product analysis tolerances.

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 A1063/A1063M − 20
TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsA,B for Twin Roll Cast Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS and HSLAS
Composition, %—Heat Analysis Element, max
Designation (unless otherwise shown)
C Mn P S AlC SiC V Cb/NbG Ti N
SS:D
Grade 33 [230] 0.20 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
Grade 37 [255] 0.20 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 40 [275] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 45 [305] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 50 [340] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 55 [380] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 60 [410] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 70 [480] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
A A A
Grade 80 [550] 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.04 0.008 0.008 0.008
Classes 1 and 2
HSLAS:E
Grade 45 [310] Class 1D 0.22 1.35 0.04 0.04 A A
0.005 0.005 0.005 A

min min min

A A A
Grade 45 [310] Class 2 0.15 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
D
Grade 50 [345] Class 1D 0.23 1.35 0.04 0.04 A A
0.005 0.005 0.005 A

min min min

A A A
Grade 50 [345] Class 2 0.15 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
Grade 55 [380] Class 1D 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.04 A A
0.005 0.005 0.005 A

min min min

A A A
Grade 55 [380] Class 2 0.15 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A A
Grade 60 [410] Class 1 0.26 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A A
Grade 60 [410] Class 2 0.15 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 65 [450] Class 1 0.26 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 65 [450] Class 2 0.15 1.50 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 70 [480] Class 1 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
ra
A A F
Grade 70 [480] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 80 [550] Class 1 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 80 [550] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 100 [700] Class 1 0.26 1.75 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A A F
Grade 100 [700] Class 2 0.15 1.75 0.04 0.04 0.005 0.005 0.005
min min min
A
There is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported.
B
The limits for Copper, Nickel, Chromium and Molybdenum are shown in Table 4.
C
The twin-roll cast product shall be deoxidized using either silicon or aluminum.
D
For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum
of 1.50 %.
E
HSLAS steels contain the strengthening elements columbium (niobium), vanadium, titanium, and molybdenum added singly or in combination. The minimum
requirements only apply to the microalloy elements selected for strengthening of the steel.
F
The purchaser has the option of restricting the nitrogen content. It should be noted that, depending on the microalloying scheme (for example, use of vanadium) of the
producer, nitrogen is permitted as a deliberate addition. Consideration should be made for the use of nitrogen binding elements (for example).
G
Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for Element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.
ft
6.2 Zinc Bath Analysis—The bath metal used in continuous specifies certain grades of zinc that do not exceed 0.009 % lead but
hot-dip galvanizing shall contain not less than 99 % zinc, with contain lower levels of aluminum.
NOTE 5—The producer can demonstrate compliance to the maximum
a lead level not exceeding 0.009 %. lead level through reference to the chemical test certificates received from
NOTE 4—To control alloy formation and promote adhesion of the zinc the zinc supplier.
coating with the steel base metal, the molten coating metal composition
normally contains a percentage of aluminum usually in the range from
7. Mechanical Properties
0.05 to 0.25. This aluminum is purposely supplied to the molten coating 7.1 Structural steel, and high-strength low-alloy steel, shall
bath, either as a specified ingredient in the zinc spelter or by the addition conform to the mechanical property requirements in Table 5 for
of a master alloy containing aluminum. Specification B852 specifies
continuous galvanizing grade (CGG) zinc alloys, including multiple zinc the grade, or class, or both. The typical ranges of mechanical
alloys, that enable the molten coating metal to be controlled within 0.05 properties (nonmandatory) for CS types A, B, and C are shown
to 0.25 % aluminum and to not exceed 0.009 % lead. Specification B6 in Table 6.

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 A1063/A1063M − 20
TABLE 4 Chemical Requirements: Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo for 8.2.1 Coating weight [mass] tests shall be performed in
Structural Steels, and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels accordance with the requirements of Specification A924/
% Heat Analysis, maximum Unless Otherwise Specified A924M.
Designation Limits CuA,B NiB CrB,C MoB,C
SS: L 0.35 0.20 0.15 0.06
8.2.2 The referee method to be used shall be Test Method
All grades and H 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.16 A90/A90M.
classes
HSLAS: L 0.35 0.20 0.15 0.06 8.3 Coating Bend Test:
All grades and H 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.16 8.3.1 The bend test specimens of coated sheet designated by
classes
prefix “G” [“Z”] shall be capable of being bent through 180° in
A
When copper is specified, a minimum of 0.20 % is required. When copper steel any direction without flaking of the coating on the outside of
is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum requirement.
B
For limit H steels, the sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall the bend only. The coating bend test inside diameter shall have
not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are a relation to the thickness of the specimen as shown in Table 7.
specified by the purchaser, the sum does not apply; in which case, only the Flaking of the coating within 0.25 in. [6 mm] of the edge of the
individual limits on the remaining elements shall apply.
C
For limit H steels, the sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed bend specimen shall not be cause for rejection.
0.32 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the
sum does not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining 9. Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming Material
elements shall apply.
D
9.1 Retests, conducted in accordance with the requirements
of the section on Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming
Material of Specification A924/A924M, are permitted when an
8. Coating Properties unsatisfactory test result is suspected to be the consequence of
the test method procedure.
8.1 Coating Weight [Mass]:
8.1.1 Coating weight [mass] shall conform to the require- 9.2 Disposition of non-conforming material shall be subject
ments as shown in Table 1 for the specific coating designation. to the requirements of 9.2 of Specification A924/A924M.
8.1.2 Use the following relationships to estimate the coating 10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
thickness from the coating weight [mass]:
10.1 All dimensions and permissible variations shall com-
8.1.2.1 1.00 oz/ft2 coating weight = 1.68 mils coating
ply with the requirements of Specification A924/A924M.
thickness, and
8.1.2.2 7.14 g/m2 coating mass = 1.00 µm coating thickness. 11. Keywords
8.1.3 Use the following relationship to convert coating 11.1 alloyed coating; direct cast steel; high strength low
ra
weight to coating mass: alloy; minimized spangle coating; sheet steel; spangle-free;
8.1.3.1 1.00 oz/ft2 coating weight = 305 g/m2 coating mass. steel; steel sheet; structural steel; zinc; zinc coated (galva-
8.2 Coating Weight [Mass] Tests: nized); zinc iron-alloy; zinc iron-alloy coated
ft
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 A1063/A1063M − 20
TABLE 5 Mechanical Property Requirements for Steel Sheet Designations SS and HSLASA
Designation Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm]
ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa] min, %
min min
SS:
Grade 33 [230] 33 [230] 45 [310] 20
Grade 37 [255] 37 [255] 52 [360] 18
Grade 40 [275] 40 [275] 55 [380] 15
Grade 45 [305] 45 [305] 60 [410] 13
Grade 50 [345] 50 [340] 65 [450] 11
Grade 55 [380] 55 [380] 70 [480] 9
Grade 60 [410] 60 [410] 70 [480] 8
Grade 70 [480] 70 [480] 80 [550] 7
Grade 80 [550] Class 1 80 [550] 90 [620] 6
Grade 80 [550] Class 2B 80 [550] 83 [570] ...
HSLAS:
Grade 45 [310] Class 1 45 [310] 60 [410] 18
Grade 45 [310] Class 2 45 [310] 55 [380] 18
Grade 50 [340] Class 1 50 [340] 65 [450] 15
Grade 50 [340] Class 2 50 [340] 60 [410] 15
D
Grade 55 [380] Class 1 55 [380] 70 [480] 13
Grade 55 [380] Class 2 55 [380] 65 [450] 13
Grade 60 [410] Class 1 60 [410] 75 [520] 11
Grade 60 [410] Class 2 60 [410] 70 [480] 11
Grade 65 [450] Class 1 65 [450] 80 [550] 11
Grade 65 [450] Class 2 65 [450] 75 [520] 11
Grade 70 [480] Class 1 70 [480] 85 [585] 8
Grade 70 [480] Class 2 70 [480] 80 [550] 8
Grade 80 [550] Class 1 80 [550] 95 [655] 7
Grade 80 [550] Class 2 80 [550] 90 [620] 7
Grade 100 [700] Class 1 100 [700] 115 [790] 5
Grade 100 [700] Class 2 100 [700] 110 [760] 5
A
Where an ellipsis appears in this table, there is no requirement.
B
SS Grade 80 [550] Class 2 may exhibit different characteristics than Class 1 due to differences in processing.

TABLE 6 Typical Ranges of Mechanical PropertiesA ,B

(Nonmandatory)
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Designation (Longitudinal Direction)
Yield Strength ElongationC
ksi [MPa] in 2 in. [50 mm], %
CS Type A and B 40 to 55 [250 to 340] $20
CS Type C 40 to 60 [250 to 410] $15
A
The yield strength tends to increase and the elongation tends to decrease as the sheet thickness decreases. These properties represent those typical of material in the
thickness range of 0.050 in. [1.27 mm] to 0.065 in. [1.65 mm].
B
The typical mechanical property values presented here are nonmandatory.
C
Yield strength and elongation are measured in the longitudinal direction in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions of A370.
ft
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 A1063/A1063M − 20
TABLE 7 Coating Bend Test Requirements
NOTE 1—If other coatings are required, the user should consult the producer for availability and suitable bend test requirements.
Inch-Pound Units
Ratio of the Inside Diameter to the Specimen (Any direction)
CS SS GradeA HSLASA
Coating Sheet Thickness
Designation
Through Over Over 33 37 40 45 50 55
0.039 in. 0.039 0.079 in.
through
0.079 in.
G01 0 0 0 1 1⁄ 2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G30 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G40 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G60 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G90 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G100 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G115 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
G140 1 1 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
D
G165 2 2 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
G185 2 2 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
G210 2 2 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
SI Units
Ratio of the Inside Diameter to the Specimen (Any direction)
CS SS GradeA HSLASA
Coating Sheet Thickness
Designation
Through Over 1.0 mm Over 230 255 275 310 340 380
1.0 mm through 2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Z001 0 0 0 1 1⁄ 2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
Z90 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
Z120 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
Z180 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
Z275 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
Z305 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
Z350 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2 1 1⁄2 1 1⁄ 2 3
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Z450 1 1 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
Z500 2 2 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
Z550 2 2 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
Z600 2 2 2 11⁄2 2 2 1⁄ 2
A
SS Grade 50 [340] through 80 [550] and HSLAS Grade 60 [410] through 80 [550] are not subject to bend test requirements.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. BENDING PROPERTIES

X1.1 Table X1.1 lists suggested minimum inside radii for

cold bending.
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TABLE X1.1 Suggested Minimum Inside Radius for Cold Bending
NOTE 1—(t) equals a radius equivalent to the steel thickness.
NOTE 2—The suggested radius should be used as a minimum for 90° bends in actual shop practice.
Designation Grade Minimum Inside
Radius for Cold Bending
Structural Steel (SS)
33 [230] 1 1⁄ 2 t
37 [255] 2t
40 [275] 2t
50 [340] 21⁄2 t
55 [380] 3t
60 [410] 3t
70 [480] 31⁄2 t
80 [550] 4t

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Class 1 Class 2

45 [310] 11⁄2 t 11⁄2 t
50 [340] 2t 11⁄2 t
55 [380] 2t 2t
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60 [410] 21⁄2 t 2t
65 [450] 3t 21⁄2 t
70 [480] 3 1⁄ 2 t 3t
80 [550] 4t 3 1 ⁄2 t
100 [700] 31⁄2 t 3t

X2. TWIN-ROLL CASTING PROCESS

X2.1 Overview of the Twin-Roll Casting Process for the steel with the casting roll surface (see Table X2.1). This rapid
Production of Steel Sheet solidification results in the production of unique microstruc-
X2.1.1 Twin-Roll Casting Process Development tures that can be manipulated to produce conventional low-
carbon steels as well as steels not easily produced from
X2.1.1.1 Sir Henry Bessemer originally conceived and pat-
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conventional sheet steel production (for example, thick slab
ented the concept of casting sheet and strip directly from liquid
casting and thin slab casting processes coupled with conven-
metal about 150 years ago. Despite decades of research and
tional hot rolling mills).
development, twin-roll casting has now achieved commercial
success for the production of plain-carbon steel sheet. Key X2.1.3 Overview of Product Attributes
breakthroughs in the areas of mold/refractory materials, a X2.1.3.1 Product attributes of twin-roll cast material are
better understanding of the fundamentals of metal comparable to conventional hot strip mill products with regard
solidification, and process control have contributed to the to strength levels, elongation, mechanical property variation
successful commercialization of this process. Twin-roll cast within a steel designation, surface quality, and dimensional
material has been produced and successfully manufactured into tolerances. A significant quantity of twin-roll cast material has
a range of steel products. As-cast, hot rolled and cold rolled been successfully roll formed, punched, welded, cold rolled in
steel sheet coils have been successfully formed into square both tandem and reversing mills, galvanized, and painted.
tubes, decking, and other structural products. Initial trials by X2.1.4 Mechanical Property Variation
users of these products include manufacturers of metal building X2.1.4.1 Variation of mechanical properties was determined
and agricultural products. These customers report that the during an extended production run at the Australian develop-
twin-roll cast material performed satisfactorily and that manu- ment plant for twin roll casting technology. Mechanical testing
facturing equipment did not require adjustments to accommo- was performed on 143 coils and the results compared to
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date the twin-roll cast product. available data from a similar low-carbon commercial steel
X2.1.2 Overview of Process Fundamentals designation produced on a conventional hot rolling mill. The
X2.1.2.1 The twin-roll process directly casts a solid strip results are shown below in Table X2.2.
approximately 0.038 in. [1 mm] to 0.075 in. [2 mm] thick X2.1.5 Surface Condition
directly from liquid metal. Solidification of liquid steel occurs X2.1.5.1 The surface condition of twin-roll cast products
over two counter-rotating water-cooled rolls as schematically has been shown to be satisfactory for direct processing into
illustrated in Fig. X2.1. pipe and tube, cold rolled products, and coated products. As
X2.1.2.2 Twin-roll casting facilities are equipped with one with conventional processes, surface defect formation can be
or more rolling stands whereby the thickness of the as-cast strip controlled with adequate process control. Surface roughness of
is further reduced by hot reduction (see Fig. X2.2). twin-roll cast and hot rolled material is slightly smoother than
X2.1.2.3 In comparison to conventional slab casting hot rolled produced by a conventional 5-7 stand hot mill as
processes, twin-roll casting produces significantly higher inter- indicated in Fig. X2.3.
facial heat transfer rates resulting from the direct contact of the X2.1.6 Tolerances

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 A1063/A1063M − 20

FIG. X2.1 Schematic of the Twin-Roll Casting Process Showing Shell Formation Over the Two Rolls and Joining of the Two Shells to
Form the Strip
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FIG. X2.2 Layout of a Twin-Roll Casting Machine Showing the In-Line Hot Rolling Mill

TABLE X2.1 Comparison of Typical Process Parameters of Twin-Roll Casting, Thin Slab Casting, and Thick Slab
Twin Roll Process Thin Slab Thick Slab
Strip thickness, mm 1.6 50 220
Casting speed, m/min 80 6 2
Average mould heat fluxes, MW/m2 14 2.5 1.0
Total solidification time, s 0.15 45 1070
Average shell cooling rate in mould, °C/s 1700 50 12

TABLE X2.2 Mechanical Property Comparison—Twin-Roll Cast and Conventional Hot Rolling Mill Product
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Yield Strength Standard Deviation Tensile Strength Standard % Elongation Standard
Average (ksi) (ksi) Average (ksi) Deviation (ksi) Average Deviation (%)
Twin-roll process 44.1 3.34 64.4 2.90 25 3
Hot rolling mill 46.7 2.53 61.8 2.01 32 2

X2.1.6.1 Thickness tolerances for twin-roll cast products X2.1.7.1 Full width X-ray mapping has been used to char-
are similar to conventional hot rolled products, with total acterize internal soundness. Twin-roll cast material has been
thickness variation (centerline variation + profile) less than half produced free of porosity.
of the current ASTM thickness tolerance in accordance with X2.1.7.2 Inclusion size distributions were obtained from
Specification A568/A568M. SEM analysis. Typical inclusion size is very fine (5 to 8 µm)
X2.1.7 Internal Soundness/Inclusions due to rapid solidification.

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 A1063/A1063M − 20

FIG. X2.3 Surface Roughness Comparison—Conventional and Strip Cast Material

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TABLE X2.3 Differences in Austenite Grain Morphology and Size
X2.1.8 Grain Morphology and Size
X2.1.8.1 The twin-roll process produces substantially larger Twin-Roll Strip Casting Hot Strip Mill
Prior austenite Columnar shape Equiaxed
austenite grains than conventional hot rolling processes (see grain morphology
Table X2.3 for the differences in austenite microstructures). Grain size 100 to 250 µm wide 25 µm
X2.1.8.2 The coarse austenite grains in twin-roll cast mate- 300 to 700 µm long

rial can be easily transformed to a variety of ferrite microstruc-

tures by varying the cooling practice on the rolling mill
run-out-table. For this reason, the strength of the material can
be manipulated more easily than conventional hot rolled stability of the twin-roll casting process is governed by the heat
material. Low-carbon, manganese steels with appropriate run- transfer rates in the vicinity of the meniscus. Manganese tends
out-table cooling rates can be produced with strength levels to affect the nature of the initial contact between the steel and
ranging from 45 to 80 ksi yield strength, utilizing the twin-roll
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the roll surface and thus plays a key role in both heat transfer
strip cast process. Please see Fig. X2.4 for details of the and meniscus stability. As a result, the manganese levels
strength-cooling rate relationship. utilized for steel sheet production via the twin-roll casting
X2.1.9 Manganese Limits in Twin-Roll Cast Products process are generally slightly higher than the traditional
X2.1.9.1 The upper limit of manganese for most commer- low-carbon heats. Consequently, the upper level of the man-
cial and structural steels is currently 0.60 or 0.90 %. The ganese specification is increased for some twin-roll cast grades.
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 A1063/A1063M − 20
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FIG. X2.4 Examples of Strength Versus Elongation with a Low-Carbon Steel Chemistry via the Twin-Roll Casting Process

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A1063/A1063M – 19) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2020.)

(1) Made edits to the terms minimized spangle, regular (2) Edited 5.2.9 to include all finish types.
spangle, and spangle-free in Section 3. (3) Added spangle-free and removed spangle in Section 11.

Committee A05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
ra
(A1063/A1063M – 17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2019.)

(1) New information has been added to Table 3, Table 5, and (2) Table 2 and Table 3 edited to add language that columbium
Table X1.1. and niobium are considered interchangeable names for Ele-
ment 41 in the periodic table

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