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    Chapter - 5: Video

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    Biniyam
    Video is composed of a series of still images called frames displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of motion. The frame rate is measured in frames per second (FPS), with 25 FPS being standard. More frames per second results in smoother motion. The file size of a video depends on several factors: the number of pixels in each frame, the bit depth or color depth, the frame rate, and the length of the video. An example calculates the uncompressed file size of a 30 second video as 659.2 MB based on a resolution of 640x480 pixels, 24-bit color, and 25 FPS frame rate. Compression using codecs reduces file sizes by identifying and removing redundant data between frames. Common container formats like

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    Chapter - 5: Video

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    48 views13 pages
    Video is composed of a series of still images called frames displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of motion. The frame rate is measured in frames per second (FPS), with 25 FPS being standard. More frames per second results in smoother motion. The file size of a video depends on several factors: the number of pixels in each frame, the bit depth or color depth, the frame rate, and the length of the video. An example calculates the uncompressed file size of a 30 second video as 659.2 MB based on a resolution of 640x480 pixels, 24-bit color, and 25 FPS frame rate. Compression using codecs reduces file sizes by identifying and removing redundant data between frames. Common container formats like

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    Video is composed of a series of still images called frames displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of motion. The frame rate is measured in frames per second (FPS), with 25 FPS being standard. More frames per second results in smoother motion. The file size of a video depends on several factors: the number of pixels in each frame, the bit depth or color depth, the frame rate, and the length of the video. An example calculates the uncompressed file size of a 30 second video as 659.2 MB based on a resolution of 640x480 pixels, 24-bit color, and 25 FPS frame rate. Compression using codecs reduces file sizes by identifying and removing redundant data between frames. Common container formats like

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    48 views13 pages

    Chapter - 5: Video

    Uploaded by

    Biniyam
    Video is composed of a series of still images called frames displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of motion. The frame rate is measured in frames per second (FPS), with 25 FPS being standard. More frames per second results in smoother motion. The file size of a video depends on several factors: the number of pixels in each frame, the bit depth or color depth, the frame rate, and the length of the video. An example calculates the uncompressed file size of a 30 second video as 659.2 MB based on a resolution of 640x480 pixels, 24-bit color, and 25 FPS frame rate. Compression using codecs reduces file sizes by identifying and removing redundant data between frames. Common container formats like

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    CHAPTER – 5

    video
    Amir Ibrahim
    JUNE 2021
    Video
    ➢ Video is a collection of bit-mapped still images (called frames) that are
    taken one after the other.
    ➢ When the file is played, these pictures are shown in quick succession to
    give the impression of a moving image.
    ➢ The number of frames is called the frame rate and this is measured in FPS
    (Frames per Second). The standard rate is 25 FPS.

    Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8

    Frame 9 Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16


    Video
    ➢ The bit-rate is the number of bits that are sent in one second when
    transmitting a video file.
    ➢ If the data cannot be sent quickly enough then the video will not be able to
    display in real-time.
    ➢ The resolution is the number of pixels in a given area, measured in dpi.
    ➢ The size of code used to represent the colour of each pixel in a frame will
    also affect the file size and picture quality. As with still images this is
    called the bit-depth or colour depth.
    Calculating video file size

     The physical size of the image.


     The resolution.
     The bit (colour) depth.
     The frame rate.
     The length of the video.
    Calculating video file size
     The file size of a video clip can be calculated as follows:
    1. No. of pixels in a single frame =
    (Height in pixels) x (width in pixels)
    2. Storage for a single frame =
    (No. of pixels) x (bit depth)
    3. Storage for 1 sec =
    (size of single frame) x (frame rate)
    4. Total size =
    (Size for 1 second) x (duration of clip)
    Calculating video file size

     Example

    ➢ What is the uncompressed file size of a 30 second video clip,


    taken at 25 frames per second(fps). The resolution is 640 x
    480 and the video was shot in 24-bit colour.
    Calculating video file size
     Solution
     Frame size = 640 x 480 x 24 = 921600 bytes
     1 second clip = 921600 x 25 = 23040000bytes = 22500kB
     30 second clip = 22500 x 30 =
    675000 kB = 659.2MB

     This is a very large file and only just fits on a CD-RW. This is why
    most video is compressed.
    Compression/Decompression(Codec)
     Compression / Decompression
     Codec is an algorithm, or specialized computer program, that reduces
    the number of bytes consumed by large files and programs.
     Compression －can reduce the amount of data needed to reproduce
    video. It can save storage space, increase access speed.
     The contents of a compresses video file cannot be displayed without the
    appropriate Codec installed

    Compression Decompression
    Original video Compressed video Decompressed
    （ large ） file video file

    The idea of video compression and decompression


    Compression/Decompression(Codec)
     Video codecs can be broadly split into two types:
    ✔ Frame-based codecs : compression takes place on each individual
    frames of a video
    ✔ Temporal (or field-based) codecs: compression applies on a series of
    frames , it takes advantages of areas of the image remain unchanged
    from frame to frame.
    Container formats
     Here’s the big confusion: Quicktime, AVI and Flash Video are not
    codecs!
     These are ‘container’ formats.
     This basically means that they contain codec compressed video and
    audio in one easy to play file.
    Compression/Decompression(Codec)
    Compression/Decompression(Codec)
    END of Chapter - 5

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