HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

1
 Chemical compositions of YSS High Speed Tool Steels
(mass%)

Grade JIS equivalent AISI equivalent C Si Mn Cr W Mo V Co

(mass%)

YXM1 SKH51 M2 0.9 0.3 0.4 4.2 6.5 5.0 2.0 −

YXM4 SKH55 M35 0.9 0.3 0.3 4.2 6.5 5.3 1.9 5.0
Conventional High Speed Tool Steels

Molybdenum
HSS YXM27 − 1.2 0.5 0.3 4.2 5.3 6.3 2.7 −

YXM42 SKH59 M42 1.1 0.3 0.3 3.9 1.5 9.5 1.2 8.0

YXM60 − − 1.1 0.3 0.3 4.2 5.5 6.5 1.7 8.0

Vanadium
HSS XVC5 SKH57 − 1.3 0.3 0.3 4.2 10.0 3.5 3.5 10.0

Tungsten
HSS YHX2 SKH2 T1 0.8 0.3 0.3 4.2 18.0 − 1.0 −
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

Matrix
YXR3 HSS − 0.6 1.5 0.4 4.3 − 2.9 1.8 −

Matrix Matrix
YXR33 HSS − 0.5 0.2 0.5 4.2 1.6 2.0 1.2 −
HSS

Matrix
YXR7 HSS − 0.8 0.8 0.3 4.7 1.3 5.5 1.3 −

HAP10 − − 1.4 0.6 0.3 5.0 3.0 6.0 3.8 −

P/M High Speed Tool Steels

HAP40 SKH40 − 1.3 0.3 0.4 4.2 6.0 5.0 3.1 8.0

HAP50 − − 1.6 0.4 0.3 4.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 7.9

HAP72 − − 2.1 0.4 0.3 4.2 9.5 8.3 5.0 9.5

HAP5R − − 0.9 0.8 0.3 4.3 2.0 3.0 3.0 −

YSS High Speed Tool Steels are used not only for cutting tools but also
various forming tools which require higher wear resistance and
toughness. Along with conventional type steels, there are some grades
made by powder metallurgy process (HAP series) that has superb wear
resistance and toughness because of higher alloy content and uniform
fine microstructure.
YSS High Speed Tool Steels are made of strictly chosen raw material,
and made with advanced refining and casting (powder metallurgy)
technologies.
Yasugi (Kaigan) Works

2
 Features of YSS High Speed Tool Steels

Grade Features

YXM1 Standard Molybdenum high speed steel with superior toughness

YXM4 Standard Cobalt alloyed Molybdenum high speed steel with superior heat resistance
Conventional High Speed Tool Steels

Molybdenum High Vanadium high speed steel with good wear resistance and grindability and
HSS YXM27 grindability

YXM42 Super-hard high speed steel suitable for cutting for hard materials

YXM60 High-performance high speed steel with superior durability, toughness and grindability

Vanadium
HSS XVC5 High-performance Cobalt alloyed Vanadium high speed steel with wear/heat resistance

Tungsten
YHX2 Standard Tungsten high speed steel
HSS
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

YXR3 Matrix high speed steel for forging tools with superior toughness

Matrix
YXR33 Matrix high speed steel for forging tools with most superior toughness
HSS

YXR7 Matrix high speed steel for forging tools with superior strength/toughness

HAP10 Superior toughness effective to avoid chipping

P/M High Speed Tool Steels

HAP40 Most standard grade with good balance of hardness, toughness and wear resistance

HAP50 Higher hardness, good heat and wear resistance

HAP72 Good heat wear resistance and highest obtainable hardness of 70HRC

HAP5R Toughest P/M high speed steel

Features;
・High toughness
・High wear resistance
・Stabilized heat treatment property
・Stable performance due to uniform and fine carbide distribution
・Good mechanical properties coming from fine and uniform grain size
・High purity with least inclusions and gases

3
 Characteristics of YSS High Speed Tool Steels
• Characteristics of steels

ce
an
rm
fo
er
e p
ic h
rv ig

HAP72
se or h

: stnadard steel (JIS equivalent)

F

: original steel
XVC5 P/M high speed steel
Strength
HAP40
YXM4
Wear resistance, Strength 

CRD HAP10
YXM1 Toughness
Strength HAP5R
Wear resistance YXR7
SLD-MAGIC Matrix high speed steel
SLD
YXR3
ARK1 Toughness
Air hardened steel
ACD37
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

Excellent machinability
YXR33
SGT
HMD5 tion mall
duc d s

Flame hardend
pro plifie

steel 40HRC pre-hardened steel

YCS3
Sim

HI-PM MAGIC

Toughness

• Properties Comparison Table

Strength at elevated Quench and tempered
Grade Wear resistance Machinability Toughness
temperature hardness

YXM1 A C C C B
YXM4 A C B C B
YXM27 B C B C B
YXM42 A B A B C
YXM60 A B A B C
XVC5 A C A D D
YHX2 A C C B C
YXR3 D D D A A
YXR33 C D D A A
YXR7 D C C C B
HAP10 D C A B B
HAP40 B B A C B
HAP50 B B A B B
HAP72 B A A D D
HAP5R D D C B A
Excellent “A”→ Ordinary “C”→ Poor “E”

4
 Characteristics of YSS High Speed Tool Steels

• Wear resistance (Ogoshi method) • Wear resistance (Abrasive Wear)

Grade Hardness Specific wear（mm3（mm
/ 2
・mm）x10-7） Grade Hardness Wear(Volume loss; YXM1=1)
（HRC） （HRC）
0.5 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0

YXM1 65.5 YXM1 65 Rotate Test picece(φ6)

YXM4 66.0 YXM4 65 Slide

XVC5 67.0 XVC5 67 Sandpaper

YXR33 58.0 YXR3 61

YXR3 59.0 YXR33 58

YXR7 65.0 HAP10 65

HAP5R 60.7 HAP72 70

HAP10 64.0 SKD11 59

HAP40 67.2 Test condition

Sandpaper : Al2O3＃500 Revolution : 980rpm Friction length : 1000mm
HAP72 70.0 Lubricant : dry Load : 49N (5kgf)

SKD11 60.5

SKD61 55.5 1.85

Test condition
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

Co-friction material：SCM415 Friction length：400m

Load：67N (6.8kgf) Friction speed：0.78m/sec

• Charpy impact value • Bending strength

250 600 YXR3 6000
kgf・m/cm2

25
HAP5R
YXR7
kgf/mm2

ARK1 HAP10
J/cm2

20 200 500 5000

YXM1
YXR33 YSM
HAP40
10R Charpy Impact Value

N/mm2
15 150 4000
400
Bending Strength

SLD YXM4
HAP5R
ARK1 YXR3 XVC5 HAP72
10 100
300 3000
SGT
6 60 V6
HAP10 V5
SLD8 YXR7 YXM1 200 2000
4 40 CRD V4
SLD cemented carbide
HAP40
2 HAP72 20
YXM4
XVC5 100 1000
0 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72
54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 0
Hardness HRC
Hardness HRC

• Continuous Cutting test by turning tool

1,800
• Grindability
HAP10
1,500
HAP40
1,200
HAP50
Tool life (s)

900 Cutting condition

Work : SKT4(357HB) HAP72 Surface grinder
Machine : Automatic lathe Whee : PA80K74
600
Tool tip shape : 8-15-6-6-20-15-0.5R Wheel speed :1,820m/min
SKH51
Cutting speed : 25m/min Infeed : 5μm/Pass
300 Depth of cut : 1mm Total infeed : 0.5mm
Feed : 0.3mm/rev SKH57 Wet grinding
0 Dry cutting
50 100 150
YXM42

YXM60

HAP40

HAP50

HAP72
Grade
YXM1

YXM4

YHX2
XVC5

Index of grindability (SKH51=100)

5
 Recommended grade by application of
YSS High Speed Tool Steels
• Cutting tools
Recommended Grade
Application
For general use For hard material cutting For high speed heavy duty cutting

Tool bit XVC5（65-68）, HAP72（69-71）

YXM60, YXM42（66-68）
Drill YXM1（63-66） HAP40, HAP50（66-68）
HAP50（66-68）, HAP72（68-70）

YXM27（65-67）, HAP10
Tap YXM1（63-66） YXM27（65-67）, HAP40（65-67）
HAP40（65-67）, HAP72（68-70）

Reamer YXM1（63-66） YXM4, YXM60（65-67） YXM4（64-67）

HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

YXM42, YXM60（65-67） YXM4, XVC5（65-67）

Milling cutter YXM1（63-66）
HAP40（66-68） HAP40, HAP50（66-68）

YXM1, YXM4（64-66） XVC5（66-68）, HAP50（66-69）

End mill YXM60（67-69）, HAP72（69-71） HAP72（69-71）
YXM60（67-69）

YXM60（66-68）, HAP10 YXM27（65-67）, HAP10

Broach YXM1（63-66）, YXM4（64-67）
HAP40, HAP50（66-68） HAP40, HAP50（66-68）

Hob YXM4, YXM1（64-66） YXM60（67-69）, HAP50（67-69） HAP40, HAP50（66-68）

Pinion cutter YXM1, YXM4（63-65） HAP40（65-67） HAP10, HAP40（64-66）

YXM27（65-67）
Shaving cutter YXM1（64-66）
YXM42, YXM60（66-68）

Rack cutter YXR7, YXM1（63-66） YXM4（65-67） YXM4（65-67）

Chaser YXM1（62-65） YXM27（65-67）, HAP10（65-67） YXM4, YXM27（65-67）

Metal saw YXM1（63-66）

Hack saw YXM1（62-65） YXM42（66-68）, HAP40（66-68） YXM42（66-68）, HAP40（66-68）

Metal band saw YXM42（66-68） HAP50（66-68）

YXR3（58-61）
Wood cutter YXM42（66-68） YXM4（65-67）
YXM1, YHX2（62-65）

（ ）shows standard employed hardness/HRC.

6
 Recommended grade by application of
YSS High Speed Tool Steels
• Cold working tools
Recommended Grade
Required
Application hardness range For mass production use
For general use
（HRC）
For abrasion resistance For impact resistance

Blanking die 58∼62 SLD, SLD-MAGIC, ARK1 HAP10, HAP40 YXM1, YXR7, HAP5R

Sheet use 55∼60 HMD5 (flame hardening type) SLD, SLD-MAGIC ARK1
Blanking
die
Die for
cold press Heavy plate, high-tensile steel 58∼62 SLD, SLD-MAGIC, ARK1 HAP10・HAP40 YXM1, YXR7, HAP5R

Sheet use 58∼62 SLD SLD-MAGIC ARK1

Bender
swaging
dies
Heavy plate, high-tensile steel 58∼62 SLD, SLD-MAGIC XVC5 YXM1
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

Male die 58∼63 SLD, SLD-MAGIC YXM1, HAP40 YXR7, YXR3, HAP10
Cold
working
dies
Female die 55∼60 SLD, SLD-MAGIC, ARK1 YXM1, HAP10 YXR3, YXR7, HAP5R
Cold
working
dies
Male die 58∼62 SLD, SLD-MAGIC HAP40 YXM1, YXR7, YXR3
Cold
heading
die
Female die 55∼60 YSM SLD, SLD-MAGIC YXM1,YXR7, YXR3

Thread rolling dies 58∼64 SLD, SLD-MAGIC YXR7, YXM1, SLD10

Rolls Cold rolling mill rolls 80HS Min SLD, SLD-MAGIC YXM1, HAP50, HAP40

Thin material (under 3 mm) 55∼60 SLD, SLD-MAGIC, ARK1 YXM1, HAP40 YXR3, YXR7
Triming
Other dies
Thick material (3 mm or over) 50∼55 DAC, DM

Drawing dies 57∼62 YXM1, CRD XVC5

Cold hobbing dies 55∼60 SLD, SLD-MAGIC YXM1

Thin material plate (under 3mm) 55∼60 SLD, SLD-MAGIC, ARK1 YXM1, YXR7 YXR3

Shearing
blades
(Straight Medium material plate (3mm to 9mm) 53∼58 SLD, SLD-MAGIC, ARK1 YXR33
Machine blades)
cutlery
Heavy material plate (10 mm or over) 48∼53 DM

Rotary shear, slitters 54∼60 SLD, SLD-MAGIC , ARK1 YXM1, HAP40

（ ）shows standard employed hardness/HRC.

7
 Standard heat treatment conditions of
YSS High Speed Tool Steels

Temperature（℃） Hardness

Grade
Annealing Quenching Tempering Annealed (HBW) Quenched and tempered
(HRC)

800∼880
YXM1 1,210 Oil 560 Air cooling 255 Max 63 Min
Slow cooling

800∼880
YXM4 1,220 Oil 560 Air cooling 277 Max 64 Min
Slow cooling

800∼880
YXM27 1,190 Oil 560 Air cooling 255 Max 64 Min
Slow cooling
Conventional High Speed Tool Steels

820∼880
YXM42 1,190 Oil 560 Air cooling 285 Max 66 Min
Slow cooling
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

820∼880
YXM60 1,200 Oil 550 Air cooling 285 Max 66 Min
Slow cooling

820∼880
XVC5 1,240 Oil 560 Air cooling 285 Max 64 Min
Slow cooling

820∼880
YHX2 1,270 Oil 570 Air cooling 248 Max 62 Min
Slow cooling

800∼880
YXR3 1,150 Oil 560 Air cooling 241 Max 57 Min
Slow cooling

800∼880 （1）1,140 （1）56

YXR33 Oil 560 Air cooling 241 Max Min
Slow cooling （2）1,080 （2）54

800∼880
YXR7 1,150 Oil 560 Air cooling 241 Max 62 Min
Slow cooling

820∼880
HAP10 1,180 Oil 560 Air cooling 269 Max 63 Min
Slow cooling
P/M High Speed Tool Steels

820∼880
HAP40 1,200 Oil 560 Air cooling 277 Max 66 Min
Slow cooling

820∼880
HAP50 1,200 Oil 560 Air cooling 293 Max 66 Min
Slow cooling

820∼880
HAP72 1,200 Oil 550 Air cooling 352 Max 68 Min
Slow cooling

820∼880
HAP5R 1,140 Oil 530 Air cooling 269 Max 58 Min
Slow cooling
Remarks (1) Tools required for high strength at elevated temperature
(2) Tools required for higher toughness

8
 Standard heat treatment conditions of
YSS High Speed Tool Steels
• Annealing
1. All material is delivered as spheroidized annealed condition.
2. When used after reforging, spheroidized annealing is to be done before hardening.
3. Stress relief annealing is to be done in order to remove stress occured by cold working such as cold
drawing, cold rolling or cutting and machining.
• Heating temperature : 650~750˚C
(to aim higher temperature when softening required)
• Holding time :1h/25mm thickness

• Holding time of austenitizing

Preheating time 1st stage : 30 minutes for every 25 mm of
the tool at 500-550˚C
2nd stage : (Ta x 2) at 850˚C Preheating is (Ta x 2) at 900˚C for small thickness (50 mm max.)
and simple shape tools, and wherever facilities are limited.
3nd stage : (Ta x 2) at 1,050˚C
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

The first stage can be omitted for small tools.

• Tools of ordinary shape

Austenitizing temperature

Holding time
T
2nd stage preheating Refer to
850˚C the table
(Remarks) As for simple figure tools, 1st
1st stage preheating stage preheating can be
Holding time quenching x 2 Tempering skipped and oil quenching can
500~550˚C 450~550˚C Slow cooling be applied instead of hot salt
bath quenching.
30min/25mm
For complex figure tools, 3rd
30min/25mm About 80˚C stage preheat (1,050˚C)
applying is preferable.

• Holding time at austenitizing temperature (Ta)

Thickness
Heating furface (mm) 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Time

Holding time (sec) 60 90 160 240 280 350 390 420 440 495
Salt bath
Magnification(Holding time/Thickness) X12 X9 X8 X8 X7 X7 X6.5 X6 X5.5 X5.5

(Remarks) Holding time in salt bath = dipping time

• Holding time at tempering temperature (Tt)

Thickness (mm) �25 26 - 35 36 - 64 65 - 84 85 - 124 125 - 174 175 - 249 250 - 349 350 - 499

Tempering holding time (hour) 1 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(Remarks) Tempering is needed more than 2 times for grades contain no cobalt and needed more
than 3 times for grades cobalt alloyed in order to make it tough enough.

9
 Standard heat treatment conditions of
YSS High Speed Tool Steels

• Conventional High Speed Tool Steels YXM1 YX M4 YX M2 7

70 70 70

68 68
68
1,190℃

1,220℃ 66 66
66 1,220℃

Hardness （HRC）
Hardness （HRC）
Hardness （HRC）

64 64

64
1,200℃
62 62
1,180℃
62
60 60

60
58 58

58 56 56
500 520 540 560 580 600 620 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 500 520 540 560 580 600
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ）

70
XVC5 68
YH X 2 66
YX R 3

64
1,280℃
68 66
1,260℃
62 1,150℃

1,240℃
66 64 60
Hardness （HRC）
Hardness （HRC）

Hardness （HRC）

58
64 62
56

62 60 54

52
60 58
50

58 56 48
520 540 560 580 600 620 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 500 550 600 650
Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ）

• P/M High Speed Tool Steels

H A P 10 70
HAP40 HAP50
68
70

1,200℃ 1,200℃
66 1,180℃
68
68
64
66
Hardness （HRC）

66
Hardness （HRC）
Hardness （HRC）

62
64

60
64
62
58

60 62
56

58
54
60

52 56
520 540 560 580 600 520 540 560 580 600 500 520 540 560 580 600
Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ）

10
 Standard heat treatment conditions of
YSS High Speed Tool Steels

• Conventional High Speed Tool Steels YXM42 YX M6 0

70

70

69
1,200℃
1,200℃

68 68

Hardness （HRC）
Hardness （HRC）

1,180℃
67

66

66

65 64

64 62
500 520 540 560 580 520 540 560 580 600
HIGH SPEED TOOL STEELS

Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ）

YXR33 70
YX R7
62

60
68
58 1,140℃

56 66 1,160℃
Hardness （HRC）

Hardness （HRC）

1,120℃
54
64
1,080℃
52
1,140℃
50 62

48
60
46

44 58
500 550 600 650 500 520 540 560 580 600
Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ）

• P/M High Speed Tool Steels

HAP72 HAP5R
72
66

1,200℃
70
64

68 62
Hardness （HRC）
Hardness （HRC）

1,140℃

66 60

64 58

62 56

60 54
500 520 540 560 580 600 500 520 540 560 580 600
Tempering temperature（ ℃ ） Tempering temperature（ ℃ ）

11