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    OSI MOdel

    Uploaded by

    Mark Reyes
    Summary aobut OSI Model and its layers

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    OSI MOdel

    Uploaded by

    Mark Reyes
    9 views3 pages
    Summary aobut OSI Model and its layers

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Summary aobut OSI Model and its layers

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views3 pages

    OSI MOdel

    Uploaded by

    Mark Reyes
    Summary aobut OSI Model and its layers

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    What is OSI Reference Model?

    The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes seven layers that computer systems use to
    communicate over a network. It was the first standard model for network communications, adopted by
    all major computer and telecommunication companies in the early 1980s

    The modern Internet is not based on OSI, but on the simpler TCP/IP model. However, the OSI 7-layer
    model is still widely used, as it helps visualize and communicate how networks operate, and helps
    isolate and troubleshoot networking problems.

    OSI was introduced in 1983 by representatives of the major computer and telecom companies, and was
    adopted by ISO as an international standard in 1984.

    Differentiate the 7 layers of the OSI Reference Model.

    7. Application Layer

    The application layer is used by end-user software such as web browsers and email clients. It provides
    protocols that allow software to send and receive information and present meaningful data to users. A
    few examples of application layer protocols are the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer
    Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Domain Name
    System (DNS).
    6. Presentation Layer

    The presentation layer prepares data for the application layer. It defines how two devices should
    encode, encrypt, and compress data so it is received correctly on the other end. The presentation layer
    takes any data transmitted by the application layer and prepares it for transmission over the session
    layer.

    5. Session Layer

    The session layer creates communication channels, called sessions, between devices. It is responsible for
    opening sessions, ensuring they remain open and functional while data is being transferred, and closing
    them when communication ends. The session layer can also set checkpoints during a data transfer—if
    the session is interrupted, devices can resume data transfer from the last checkpoint.

    4. Transport Layer

    The transport layer takes data transferred in the session layer and breaks it into “segments” on the
    transmitting end. It is responsible for reassembling the segments on the receiving end, turning it back
    into data that can be used by the session layer. The transport layer carries out flow control, sending data
    at a rate that matches the connection speed of the receiving device, and error control, checking if data
    was received incorrectly and if not, requesting it again.

    3. Network Layer

    The network layer has two main functions. One is breaking up segments into network packets, and
    reassembling the packets on the receiving end. The other is routing packets by discovering the best path
    across a physical network. The network layer uses network addresses (typically Internet Protocol
    addresses) to route packets to a destination node.

    2. Data Link Layer

    The data link layer establishes and terminates a connection between two physically-connected nodes on
    a network. It breaks up packets into frames and sends them from source to destination. This layer is
    composed of two parts—Logical Link Control (LLC), which identifies network protocols, performs error
    checking and synchronizes frames, and Media Access Control (MAC) which uses MAC addresses to
    connect devices and define permissions to transmit and receive data.

    1. Physical Layer
    The physical layer is responsible for the physical cable or wireless connection between network nodes. It
    defines the connector, the electrical cable or wireless technology connecting the devices, and is
    responsible for transmission of the raw data, which is simply a series of 0s and 1s, while taking care of
    bit rate control.

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