Table 1: The 36-Item Telra Scale: Information About Teachers' Understanding and Attitudes About E-Learning
Table 1: The 36-Item Telra Scale: Information About Teachers' Understanding and Attitudes About E-Learning
Table 1: The 36-Item Telra Scale: Information About Teachers' Understanding and Attitudes About E-Learning
Instructions
• There is no wrong answer; each response will be treated as a correct one. Your opinion is what is required in this
study.
• Do not think too long about each statement. It should take you around 10 minutes to complete.
• For each statement, put a tick ( P ) to show your level of agreement; Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Agree, and
Strongly Agree. Do not tick across two boxes.
Strongly
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Agree
Statement
Strongly
Strongly
Disagree
Disagree
Agree
Agree
Statement
RESULTS
In order to obtain conceptually small and significant number of themes, all 36 items of the TeLRA
scale were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using SPSS version 21. Prior to
performing the PCA, suitability of data for analysis was assessed. This involved Kaiser-Meyer-
Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy, which requires a value greater than 0.6 and a Bartlett’s
test of sphericity to be significant at a significant value ρ < 0.05 (Tabachnick & Fidell 2013, p.
619). In this study the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.82, exceeding the recommended value of
0.6 and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was statistically significant at ρ=0.000, which verified
suitability of data for the PCA. The PCA revealed the presence of 10 factors with eigenvalue
exceeding 1. Examination of a scree plot revealed a clear break after the third component (see
Figure 2).
Using only the scree plot to determine number of factors to retain can be subjective (Bryman &
Cramer, 2004). Therefore, a Parallel Analysis was conducted. Parallel analysis compares the size
of eigenvalues obtained by the SPSS output with eigenvalue obtained from a randomly generated