Optimizing Cargo Heating

For Tankers
13-12-2017
ELINT Annual Meeting

Vassilios Dimoulas
Hellenic Plan Approval Office Manager
Facts

► A series of crude oil and fuel oil cargoes require heating during the
voyage
► Cargo temperature should not fall below a specific level dependent
upon the cargo pour point and cloud point
► Boiler fuel oil consumption for cargo heating during a tanker voyage is
a significant figure (e.g. 100 to 200 tons for an Aframax)
► Heating systems are designed according to specific design
environmental conditions and requirements for cargo heating up rate
► Significant consumption gains may be realized by applying and
following an optimized cargo heating schedule
► Cargo and bunker management heating is part of the IMO Ship Energy
Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP, MEPC.1/Circ.683 and 684)
► Detailed Heating Logs are required to be kept by the crew

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Heating practices
Extract of IMO/OCIMF example SEEMP:

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The CHS Software tool

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The CHS Software tool

Main Features:
 Automatic calculation of optimum cargo heating schedule
 Vessel Specific
 Cargo tanks interact with each other, the adjacent spaces and
environment by applying a complete heat transfer model
 Effects of change of any of the parameters (environment, cargo type,
cargo temperature) to the steam and fuel consumption are observed
“on the fly”
 Follow up of the actual voyage by entering measured temperature
values and readjustment of the heating schedule
 Storing and retrieval of previous voyage plans
 Visualization of plan by using graphs
 Printing of full reports
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CHS thermodynamic model

Heat loss (conduction): Tair

Tcargo (S) Tair

Tcargo (P)

Tsea

Depends on temperature difference, surface area and heat loss coefficient

for each surface:
HL = h x S x (T1-T2)

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CHS thermodynamic model

Heating up:
t

T2

T1

Required Heating rate depends on cargo mass, specific heat constant, temperature
temperature difference and target time for heating up:
HR = mc x SH x (T2-T1) / t

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CHS thermodynamic model

• Total heating energy is the sum of the energy needed to overcome the
losses and provide the required cargo heating up
• Total required steam capacity is calculated using steam enthalpy tables
• Fuel consumption is calculated using boiler consumption curves

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CHS Representative screens – Loading condition

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Voyage Data Entry:

 Cargo tanks
interact with each
other and the
adjacent spaces
 Effects of change
in parameters are
observed “on the
fly”
 Constant
calculation of the
total fuel
consumption on
the top of the
page
 Simulation of
“boiler shut off”
by calculation of
the daily
temperature drop

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Automatic Optimum Schedule Tool:

 Simply click the

“Optimize” button
 The software
calculates the
optimum initial
cooling down
period in days
 Linear increase in
temperature is
applied thereafter
to reach the
contracted
delivery
temperature
 Cargo minimum
transit
temperature is
observed

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 Diagrams:

 Diagrams available
for each cargo tank
or for all tanks
weighted average
 Optimized
schedule is shown
in this example

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 Actual heating log function for voyage reporting:

Locked
Days

 For each day passed actual measured figures are entered. The
day can then be “locked” and optimizing or calculation functions
for scheduling applied only to the remaining days of the voyage
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 Exporting of heating log form in Excel:

 Form can be customized to fit company existing forms and

practice

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Worked example – Suezmax actual 52 day Voyage with 2 cargo
grades as reported by Master:
Voy No: 62 Cargo Name: 1ST GRADE : BACHAQUERO C.O 1W-4W-6W-SLOP S API: 11.3 Pour Point: 48.2 F Page:
2ND GRADE: BOSCAN C.O 2W -3W-5W-SLOP P API: 10.3 Pour Point: 55.4 F Page:
AIR SEA HFO CARGO TANKS (DEG. C) AVG-1 TOTAL STEAM
DATE 1 AVG-2 F
TEMP TEMP CONS 1P 1S 2P 2S 3P 3S 4P 4S 5P 5S 6P 6S SL-P SL-S F AVERAGE PRESS
09/06/2015 32 27 127.4 128.1 128.8 127.9 132.6 132.6 127.6 129.2 128.3 132.6 129.7 130.8 128.4 128.8 128.8 130.1 129.45 0 KG
10/06/2015 33 27 125.6 125.5 128.2 127.5 132.6 132.8 127.1 128.1 129.7 130.1 128.4 128.4 126.2 125.2 127 129.6 128.3 0 KG
11/06/2015 33 27 122.4 122.2 127.2 126.9 132.0 131.7 126.2 126.5 129.1 129.8 127.0 127.1 124.3 122.7 124.9 128.7 126.85 0 KG
12/06/2015 33 27 122.0 121.1 132.4 133.3 133.9 134.4 125.6 124.7 133.5 135.1 126.1 125.2 122.2 119.1 123.4 132.1 127.8 0 KG
13/06/2015 31 28 125.8 125.4 130.2 131.0 130.8 131.9 125.2 125.6 131.2 132.6 128.3 127.9 122.0 123.4 125.9 130 128.0 0 KG
14/06/2015 29 26 9.1 128.1 124.3 128.5 129.7 131.8 132.1 125.4 126.6 133.0 134.2 127.8 128.7 121.0 118.8 126.8 131.4 129.5 3KG
15/06/2015 26 28 14.6 123.8 126.1 131.4 132.1 133.3 134.4 124.7 124.2 135.7 134.2 127.6 129.0 134.2 131.2 126.2 133.5 130.5 3.3 KG
16/06/2015 29 28 14.2 125.1 125.6 127.4 127.0 133.9 133.3 125.1 124.9 133.0 132.8 131.9 130.1 128.3 127.0 127.5 131.2 129.6 3.0KG
17/06/2015 28 28 16.3 128.7 128.1 128.7 131.0 134.1 136.8 128.8 129.6 133.2 132.6 131.0 130.3 145.0 143.4 129.8 132.8 131.6 3.4 KG
18/06/2015 29 28 14.1 138.0 133.0 131.7 135.3 137.1 140.9 132.8 132.6 135.7 132.1 133.2 133.9 144.9 142.3 134.0 135.5 134.9 3.2 KG
19/06/2015 30 28 15.7 142.0 134.1 135.3 132.3 138.0 140.9 131.2 132.8 135.3 134.8 133.3 134.6 141.3 140.2 134.6 136.1 135.5 3.4 KG
20/06/2015 30 27 12.7 138.6 132.1 134.4 137.5 137.5 140.9 135.3 133.3 138.4 136.6 135.1 138.2 135.9 135.9 135.5 137.5 136.7 3.5 KG
21/06/2015 30 28 7.6 136.6 135.0 136.0 136.8 135.7 140.0 138.7 136.2 137.8 135.1 136.8 136.9 133.9 133.0 136.7 136.9 136.8 3.5 KG
22/06/2015 30 28 11.1 136.8 137.5 136.4 136.2 136.0 139.6 138.2 137.5 136.4 133.2 136.4 135.5 132.4 133.2 136.8 136.2 136.5 3.5 KG
23/06/2015 30 27 12.6 135.5 136.4 138.4 135.5 138.4 135.7 133.0 139.5 134.1 138.0 134.8 135.5 128.5 132.8 135.7 136.5 136.2 3.5 KG
24/06/2015 28 26 12.5 137.5 137.3 139.5 136.0 136.6 141.6 133.5 136.4 135.0 134.8 134.2 134.2 127.9 130.1 135.3 137.1 136.3 3.5 KG
25/06/2015 26 25 16.1 137.7 137.5 135.3 135.5 134.1 140.5 137.7 139.6 136.6 137.5 135.1 135.1 124.2 127.4 136.8 136.4 136.6 3.1 KG
26/06/2015 26 23 20.7 137.1 137.3 134.4 138.7 137.7 140.9 136.2 142.0 135.1 136.2 133.3 136.6 141.8 139.1 137.0 137.2 137.1 2.9 KG
27/06/2015 22 22 8.8 139.1 138.4 137.5 135.9 138.6 139.1 137.1 136.2 133.0 133.9 134.6 133.3 139.8 138.7 136.2 136.3 136.3 1.9 KG
28/06/2015 22 21 5.6 139.1 138.6 137.3 134.8 136.6 136.8 133.7 136.0 133.7 134.4 134.2 134.6 139.8 138.7 135.9 135.6 135.7 1.6 KG
29/06/2015 21 19 6.4 138.9 138.4 136.2 135.3 134.2 134.4 132.3 135.0 136.0 135.0 134.6 131.9 135.3 135.9 134.9 135.2 135.1 1.6KG
30/06/2015 20 19 7.1 138.6 135.5 135.9 133.3 134.1 136.9 131.5 132.1 130.3 130.3 131.4 131.9 130.5 131.4 133.2 133.4 133.3 1.8KG
01/07/2015 17 17 9.5 136.2 133.9 135.0 132.8 132.6 134.4 130.1 132.6 131.5 131.5 127.9 131.2 126.3 128.8 131.6 132.9 132.4 2 KG
02/07/2015 17 16 14.8 134.8 133.2 131.9 131.5 132.4 130.1 130.8 131.2 131.4 131.5 130.1 130.8 122.7 125.8 131.5 131.4 131.4 2.7 KG
03/07/2015 21 16 17 136.4 134.8 136.9 134.1 132.8 136.8 130.3 132.1 130.3 130.8 130.8 132.6 122.7 120.9 132.4 133.5 133.0 3.0KG
04/07/2015 22 22 18.2 135.1 135.1 136.4 135.5 136.0 134.8 132.1 132.6 132.3 131.7 131.9 134.2 120.0 122.2 133.2 134.2 133.8 2.8 KG
05/07/2015 22 22 13.2 136.2 134.2 136.0 133.2 134.8 135.5 132.3 132.8 132.4 131.9 131.9 135.9 117.5 121.5 133.6 133.7 133.7 3.0KG
06/07/2015 22 21 17.6 136.4 136.8 136.8 135.0 134.2 136.4 134.4 135.0 132.6 131.7 133.3 137.3 136.4 136.8 135.5 134.5 134.9 3.0KG
07/07/2015 16 22 16.5 136.4 136.8 136.8 135.0 134.2 136.4 134.4 135.0 132.6 131.7 133.3 137.3 136.4 136.8 135.5 134.5 134.9 3.1 KG
08/07/2015 19 24 16.6 136.8 136.9 137.3 135.9 135.1 136.2 136.0 136.0 134.6 135.1 133.3 138.2 131.2 133.9 136.1 135.7 135.8 3.0KG
09/07/2015 23 24 11.3 137.3 137.8 137.3 137.7 136.0 138.0 136.9 137.3 135.1 135.5 137.3 138.0 127.9 131.4 137.4 136.5 136.8 2.9 KG
10/07/2015 23 25 10.1 138.2 137.8 137.7 138.0 136.6 139.1 137.5 138.0 136.2 136.8 137.8 137.7 126.1 129.9 137.7 137.2 137.4 2.8 KG
11/07/2015 26 26 12.7 139.6 137.8 138.7 136.2 134.1 140.5 137.7 139.6 137.1 136.6 136.8 138.6 124.3 128.7 138.1 137.1 137.5 3.0KG
12/07/2015 26 27 20.1 139.3 137.8 139.5 135.3 132.8 140.2 139.5 138.9 138.7 138.7 137.5 138.6 144.0 145.4 138.7 137.7 138.1 3.2KG
13/07/2015 27 27 19.4 140.0 140.0 139.5 136.4 134.6 142.9 142.9 142.2 140.9 139.5 139.5 140.4 140.0 137.8 140.7 139.0 139.7 3.4KG
14/07/2015 27 27 18.4 139.1 138.9 142.9 136.8 136.6 148.5 143.4 142.7 143.1 143.2 141.1 141.4 137.8 141.4 141.2 141.8 141.6 3.3KG
15/07/2015 28 29 18.7 144.9 141.6 144.0 136.4 137.3 148.6 144.0 144.1 144.1 142.2 144.3 142.3 133.5 138.6 143.4 142.0 142.6 3.4KG
16/07/2015 27 30 20 144.1 142.2 143.8 140.9 139.6 148.8 144.7 145.0 145.2 144.1 143.2 148.3 141.8 143.4 144.0 143.8 144.2 3.4KG
17/07/2015 30 30 22 148.1 144.5 145.4 144.0 140.2 149.7 148.8 146.8 147.2 145.8 145.2 151.3 142.7 142.3 147.5 145.4 146.3 3.5KG
18/07/2015 28 29 22.1 150.1 147.4 148.1 147.2 141.8 150.8 150.4 146.1 149.9 147.9 147.0 151.7 147.7 148.3 148.8 147.7 148.2 3.7KG
19/07/2015 29 29 20.4 151.5 148.1 148.6 152.1 145.4 151.7 149.7 147.7 150.6 147.9 147.2 151.2 142.0 152.2 149.3 149.3 149.3 3.7KG
20/07/2015 32 30 12.9 151.7 147.7 150.8 152.2 148.5 152.1 151.7 150.6 151.2 150.8 149.9 152.1 147.2 151.0 150.7 150.9 150.8 3.0KG
21/07/2015 33 30 12.7 149.9 147.6 149.5 152.2 150.6 151.5 151.7 151.3 152.1 151.2 150.4 152.6 140.4 147.2 150.7 151.1 150.9 2.5KG
22/07/2015 31 29 12 151.2 150.4 150.1 152.4 150.4 151.7 151.3 151.7 152.1 151.7 151.2 152.4 141.6 145.9 151.3 151.3 151.3 2.8 KG
23/07/2015 33 28 9 149.9 148.6 152.4 153.5 152.1 153.1 153.3 152.1 155.1 153.9 151.7 153.1 148.3 145.4 151.5 153.3 152.6 2.3KG
24/07/2015 36 28 7.2 149.9 149.7 151.7 150.1 150.1 152.6 150.1 150.4 152.2 151.3 150.3 151.2 153.9 151.7 150.3 151.4 151.0 2.1 KG
25/07/2015 35 28 8.4 150.8 149.7 151.7 152.4 152.2 150.8 151.9 151.5 152.4 152.6 150.1 151.2 152.1 148.3 150.8 152.0 151.5 2.2KG
26/07/2015 32 28 7.7 150.6 152.6 149.9 152.2 152.1 149.2 152.6 150.4 151.5 152.8 149.9 151.2 146.8 150.4 151.1 151.2 151.2 2.1 KG
27/07/2015 34 29 8 151.0 151.9 151.5 153.5 151.7 151.5 150.1 150.3 150.3 152.6 149.4 149.2 144.0 145.2 150.1 151.7 151.1 2.2KG
28/07/2015 34 29 11 152.2 152.4 151.7 155.5 153.3 148.5 152.1 150.1 150.4 152.6 149.2 150.4 146.8 148.1 150.9 151.9 151.5 2.2KG
29/07/2015 37 29 3.4 152.1 152.6 151.7 153.1 149.2 152.6 152.1 151.2 150.6 153.9 149.9 150.8 144.1 146.7 151.2 151.8 151.5 0 KG
30/07/2015 36 30 3.8 149.2 151.9 148.8 152.6 148.3 151.3 149.9 150.3 149.9 149.7 149.7 149.9 141.8 142.7 150.0 150.0 150.0 1.9KG
31/07/2015 32 30 8 150.8 150.3 150.3 152.2 149.2 150.8 150.1 150.8 150.4 150.3 149.9 150.1 142.3 140.5 150.0 150.1 150.0 2.8 KG
TOTAL BUNKERS CONSUMED: 627.9 M/T

Total Consumption: 627.9 tons

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 Simulation in CHS:

Total Consumption:
CHS calc: 628.2 tons
Actual: 627.9 tons
Difference: 0.04%

 Heating practice followed was poor with two big heating up periods and
constant use of the boiler for most part of the voyage

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 Alternative option using the automatic CHS “Optimize” function
and the same loading and delivery temperatures:

Total Consumption:
CHS optimized: 393.9 tons
Actual: 627.9 tons
Fuel Saving: 37.2% (!)

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 Comments on worked example and savings:

• Actual practice was poor so there was a lot of room for improvement even
without use of CHS hence the impressive savings figure.
• CHS was able to simulate actual measurements with very high accuracy.
• The schedule proposed by the CHS automatic optimizer algorithm includes a
period of “boiler off” of 43 days and 9 days of heating up. During this procedure
the cargo temperature drops to an average of 35.6°C, while cargo pour point is
9°C.
• If a higher temperature needs to be maintained during voyage CHS will
automatically calculate the day when the boiler will need to be switched on and
the %load that will need to be operated to maintain this temperature until the
heating up to delivery temperature will need to start.
• Gains by applying optimization are higher on long voyages (>30 days) while
minimal to nil at short voyages

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 Additional features and versions

 Capability to model non-heated tanks and simulate the effect of

adjacent heated tanks
 Capability to include non-oil cargoes (e.g. veg-oils and chemicals)
 Capability to simulate temperature rise of chemicals carried in low
temperature and determine the need to apply cooling in transit
(e.g. propylene oxide cooling)
 Capability to simulate vessels with steam deck heaters and deep
well pumps (e.g. FRAMO system)
 Capability to simulate thermal oil systems

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Thank you for your attention!