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    OSI Model Layers

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    Nisreen Innab
    The OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes communication functions to ensure interoperability between diverse systems. It breaks the communication process down into seven layers, with each layer responsible for specific functions. The layers build on each other from the physical layer, which governs physical connections, to the application layer, which interacts directly with the end user. Understanding the OSI model helps network administrators troubleshoot problems and ensures clear product comparisons.

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    OSI Model Layers

    Uploaded by

    Nisreen Innab
    96 views7 pages
    The OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes communication functions to ensure interoperability between diverse systems. It breaks the communication process down into seven layers, with each layer responsible for specific functions. The layers build on each other from the physical layer, which governs physical connections, to the application layer, which interacts directly with the end user. Understanding the OSI model helps network administrators troubleshoot problems and ensures clear product comparisons.

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    The OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes communication functions to ensure interoperability between diverse systems. It breaks the communication process down into seven layers, with each layer responsible for specific functions. The layers build on each other from the physical layer, which governs physical connections, to the application layer, which interacts directly with the end user. Understanding the OSI model helps network administrators troubleshoot problems and ensures clear product comparisons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    96 views7 pages

    OSI Model Layers

    Uploaded by

    Nisreen Innab
    The OSI model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes communication functions to ensure interoperability between diverse systems. It breaks the communication process down into seven layers, with each layer responsible for specific functions. The layers build on each other from the physical layer, which governs physical connections, to the application layer, which interacts directly with the end user. Understanding the OSI model helps network administrators troubleshoot problems and ensures clear product comparisons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    OSI Model Layers

    Definition
    The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a conceptual
    model that characterises and standardises the communication
    functions of a telecommunication or computing system without
    regard to its underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal
    is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with
    standard protocols.

    Let’s Understand
    Okay, that was the proper definition of OSI model. The definition
    looks quite simple and to the point, but when it comes to the
    elucidation of OSI model, many of us get confused and are not able
    to realize what it really is.
    First thing that comes to people’s mind when they hear the OSI
    model is that they will have to do a lot of memorization and
    cramming. This was exactly what happened when I read about OSI
    Layers the first time.

    So, in this article, we will see about the OSI model and it’s seven
    layers. Therefore, read this article if you need to understand what
    the OSI model is all about.

    1
    The OSI Model
    OSI stands for “Open Systems Interconnection”. The exact
    definition of the OSI Model has been already given above. In
    simpler words, to be precise, the OSI model is a tool used by IT
    professionals to actually model or trace the actual flow of how data
    transfers in networks. So, basically, the OSI model is a logical
    model/representation of how the network systems are supposed to
    send data (or, communicate) to each other.

    What is it composed of?


    The OSI Model breaks down this data transfer/communication
    procedure into different components (called layers). Why layers,
    because those components follow a proper order of execution. For
    example, the Physical Layer in which the “physical” wiring and
    connections take place, the Data Link Layer in which switching
    takes place, etc. In a total, there are seven layers which together
    make up the OSI Model.

    Why OSI Model?


    The purpose of the OSI reference model is to guide vendors and
    developers so the digital communication products and software
    programs they create will interoperate, and to facilitate clear
    comparisons among communications tools. Most vendors involved
    in telecommunications make an attempt to describe their products
    and services in relation to the OSI model.
    2
    Moreover, it is critically very important for an IT professional to
    have a clear idea about the OSI Model. This is due to the fact that,
    in case of some network problems, using the OSI Layers, they can
    narrow down and figure out in which part the problem is. So
    having an OSI Layered approach for troubleshooting network
    problems is a very useful.

    Advantages Of OSI Model

    • It creates a common platform for software developers and


    hardware manufactures that encourage the creation of
    networking products that can communicate with each
    other over the network.

    • It helps network administrators by dividing large data


    exchange process in smaller segments.

    • Due to the independence of layers, it prevents changes in


    one layer from affecting other layers.

    • Standardization of network components allows multiple-


    vendor development.

    • It structures very well the functions particular to each


    layer.

    • It reduces complexity and accelerates evolution

    • It simplifies teaching and learning

    3
    Seven Layers Of OSI Model
    As discussed in the previous section, the OSI Model is composed
    of seven layers with the application layer, which is closest to the
    end user, at the top, going all the way down to physical layer, in
    which the actual data transfer happens with the use of a
    transmission medium.

    4
    7. Application Layer

    This is the topmost layer in the seven OSI Layers. This is the layer
    that the end-user (can be a computer programmer, or a regular PC
    user) is actually interacting with. This layer allows access to
    network resources.

    6. Presentation Layer

    This is the layer in which the operating system operates with the
    data. Main functions of this layers includes translation, encryption
    and compression of data. Basically User interacts with Application
    layer, which sends the data down to Presentation layer.

    5
    5. Session Layer

    This layer has the job of maintaining proper communication by


    establishing, managing and terminating sessions between two
    computers. For example, whenever we visit any website, our
    computer has to create a session with the web server of that
    website.

    4. Transport Layer

    This layer has a very important job. It decides how much


    information should be sent at a time. So, when you are
    communicating with a website, this layer will decide how much
    data you can transfer and receive at a given point of time. Also,
    this layer provides reliable process to process message delivery
    and error recovery.

    3. Network Layer

    The main job of this layer is to move packets from source to


    destination and provide inter-networking. This is the layer that the
    routers operate on. Since routers operate at the network level,
    hence we can say that the IP address is at the network level.

    2. Data Link Layer

    This layer is responsible for organising bits into frames and


    ensuring hop to hop delivery. This is the layer on which the
    Switches operate on. Since routers operate at the network level,
    hence we can say that the MAC address resides at the data link
    6
    layer. All the computers in a specific network get plugged inito a
    switch so that they can communicate with each other.

    1. Physical Layer

    This is the layer on which the real transmission of data bits takes
    place through a medium. This layer is, as the name suggests, all
    the physical stuff that connects the computers together.

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