Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
website: www.depedzambales.ph

Name: ______________________________________ Grade/Section__________

School: _____________________________________ Date: __________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Mathematics 7
Quarter 1: Week 1

I. Introduction

How are you today? Are you ready to learn math and have fun?

The first lesson you will learn in Mathematics 7 is very interesting and fun
to do. You will be learning concepts on sets. This will help you easily understand
the number properties which you had learned from your elementary. This lesson
will also help you to easily identify multiple solutions involving sets of numbers.
Brace yourself and enjoy learning!

II. Learning Competency

Illustrates well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set,

cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the different of
two sets (M7NS-Ic-1)

III. Objectives:
 At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:

1. describe and illustrate

a. well-defined sets;
b. subsets
c. universal sets,
d. the null set and;
e. cardinality of sets
2. define union of sets and intersection of sets
3. differentiate union of sets and intersection of sets

IV. Discussion
Let’s begin with this “Name It!” activity! Are you ready? Read the direction
carefully.

Direction: Name the group, use the names to complete the thought of the
paragraph. Write your answer on the lines.

____________ _____________ _____________

_____________ _____________

There is a (1) ________________ of things the pandemic has taught us. In

wanting to be free of the spread of CoronaVirus, we keep our homes clean and
we invested into _____________. We are always reminded by our _______________
to always keep a _________________ so that in cases of emergency we are always
ready. Finally, with the social distancing protocol , we make use of our
_________ to order essentials and even pay online. These had been part of the
so called, new normal.
2
The groups are called sets for as long as the objects in the group share a
characteristics and are thus, well defined.

Sets
The collection of well-defined distinct objects is known as a set. The
term well-defined refers to a specific property which makes it easy to identify
whether the given object belongs to the set or not. The term ‘distinct’ means
that the objects of a set must be all different.

For example:

A Set:

1. The group of students in Grade VII whose weight exceeds 35 kg.

It represents a set because the words “weight exceeds 35 kg” is well-defined

Not a Set: 2. The collection of all the intelligent children in class VII.

it does not represent a set because the word intelligent is vague. What may
appear intelligent to one person may not appear the same to another person

Elements of a Set

The individual objects in a set are called elements or members of a set.

The symbol ϵ is used to indicate that an object is an element or member of the
set.
A set is usually denoted by capital letters and elements are denoted by
small letters
If x is an element of set A, then we say x ϵ A. [x belongs to A]

If x is not an element of set A, then we say x ∉ A. [x does not belong to A]

3
For example:
The collection of vowels in the English alphabet.

Solution : Let us denote the set by V, then the elements of the set are a, e, i,
o, u or we can write the set as, V = {a, e, i, o, u}.
We say a ∈ V, e ∈ V, i ∈ V, o ∈ V and u ∈ V. Also, we can say b ∉ V, c ∉ V, d ∉ V,
etc.

Generally, the elements of a set are written inside a pair of curly (idle)
braces and are separated by commas.
For example: The collection of vowels in the English alphabet.

Solution: We can denote the set of vowels as V= {a, e, i, o, u}.

Here the elements of set V are a, e, i, o and u.

Two ways of describing a set

A. Roster form or tabular form: (the most common representation of sets)

In this, elements of the set are listed within the pair of brackets { } and
are separated by commas.
For example:
(i) Let N denote the set of first five natural numbers.
Therefore, N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(ii) The set of all vowels of the English alphabet.
Therefore, V = {a, e, i, o, u}
(iii) Let X is a set of all odd whole numbers less than 9.
Therefore, X = {1, 3, 5, 7}

B. Set builder form:

In this, a rule, or the formula or the statement is written within the pair
of brackets so that the set is well defined. In the set builder form, all the
elements of the set, must possess a single property to become the member of
that set.
In this form of representation of a set, the element of the set is described by
using a symbol ‘x’ or any other variable followed by a colon The symbol ‘:‘ or ‘|‘
is used to denote such that.

4
For example:

(i) The set of days of the week

Therefore, S = {x | x is a day of the week} and read as, Set S is the set
of all element x such that x
is a day of the week.

is
such that
Set S

the set of all

element x

(ii) M = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Therefore, M= { x | x is the outcome when you roll a 6-sided die}

M= { x | 1 ≤ x ≤ 6}
M= { x | 0 < x < 7}

and read as,

 Set M is the set of all element x such that x is the outcome when you
roll a 6-sided die.
 Set M is the set of all element x such that 1 is less than equal to x and
less than equal to six inclusive
 Set M is the set of all element x such that 0 is less than to x and less
than to seven inclusive

Cardinalnumber/Cardinality of a set

The number of distinct elements in a finite set is called its cardinal number.
It is denoted as n(A) and read as ‘the number of elements of the set’ A.

For example:

(i) Given, X = {letters in the word NILALABI} Then, X = {N, I, L, A,B}

has 5 elements.
Therefore, cardinal number of set X is 5, in symbol; n(X) = 5

(ii) Set C = {San Agustin, Sta. Barbara, Sto. Rosario} has 3 elements.

5
 Therefore, the cardinal number of set C is 3. So, it is denoted as n(C) = 3.

(iii) Set V is the collection of vowels in the English alphabet. Then V = {a,
e, i, o, u} has 5 elements.
Therefore, the cardinal number of set V is 5. So, it is denoted as n(V) = 5.

(iv) Given, Z = {natural numbers between 20 and 50, which are

divisible by 7} Then, Z = {21, 28, 35, 42, 49} has 5 elements. Therefore,
cardinal number of set Z is 5, in symbol n(Z) = 5

(v) Set E = {x:x is a natural number less than 1} Then, E = { } has no

element.
Therefore, the cardinal number of set E is 0. So, it is denoted as n(E) = 0.
To easily identify the cardinal number, rewrite the sets in roster
form

Finite Set

A set which contains a definite number (can be counted) of elements is called a

finite set.
For example:
(a)• The set of all colors in the rainbow. R = {red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo, violet}
the elements are definite or can be counted
(b)• N = {x : x ∈ N, x < 7} N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
the elements are definite or can be counted
(c)• P = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, ...... 97}
All numbers between 2 to 97 are belong to P, the elements are
definite or can be counted

Special kinds of Finite Sets

Empty Set or Null Set:
A set which does not contain any element is called an empty set, or the
null set or the void set and it is denoted by ∅ and is read as phi. In roster
form, ∅ is denoted by {}. An empty set is a finite set, since the number of
elements in an empty set is finite, i.e., 0.
For example:
(a) The set of whole numbers less than 0. N = ∅ or N = { }
( Clearly there is no whole number less than 0
Therefore, it is an empty set.)

(b) A = {x : x ∈ N, 3 < x < 4} A = ∅ or A = { }

6
(Here A is an empty set because there is no natural number between 4 and 3.)
 (c) B = {x : x is a composite number less than 4}. B = ∅ or B = { }

(Here B is an empty set because there is no composite number less than 4.)

Note:
 ∅ ≠ {0} ∴ {0} is a set which has one element 0.
 The cardinal number of an empty set, i.e., n(∅) = 0

Singleton Set:
A set which contains only one element is called a singleton set.
For example:
(a) A = {x : x is neither prime nor composite natural number}
A= { 1 }
(It is a singleton set containing one element, which is 1.)
(b) B = {x : x is a whole number, x < 1} A= { 0 }
(This set contains only one element 0 and is a singleton set.)
(c) Let C = {x : x is a even prime number} A= { 2 }
(Here C is a singleton set because there is only one prime
number which is even, is 2.)

Infinite Set

The set whose elements cannot be listed, i.e., a set containing never-ending
elements is called an infinite set.
For example:
(a)• A = {x : x ∈ N, x > 1} --- A = { 2, 3, 4, 5, …}
“…” or ellipses indicate continuity or infinity of the pattern. There are
infinite set of numbers greater than 1
(b)• B is a Set of all prime numbers --- B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, …}
There are infinite set of prime numbers
(c)• C = {x : x ∈ W, x = 2n} --- C = { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, …}
There are infinite set of even whole numbers
Note:
 some infinite sets cannot be expressed in roster form. Like the set of real
numbers (since the elements of this set do not follow any particular
pattern)

7
Equal and Equivalent Sets
Equal Set:
Two sets are said to be equal if all the elements of set A are in set B and vice
versa.
The symbol to denote an equal set is =.
For example;
A = {2, 3, 5}
B = {5, 2, 3}
(Here, set A and set B have common elements and are equal sets.
In symbol A = B)
Equivalent Set:
Two sets are said to be equivalent sets if they contain the same number of
elements.
The symbol to denote equivalent set is ↔.
For example;
A = {p, q, r}
B = {2, 3, 4}
(Here, we observe that both the sets contain three elements. In
symbol A ↔ B)
Notes:
 Equal sets are always equivalent.
 Equivalent sets may not be equal.

Disjoint and Overlapping Sets

Disjoint Sets:
Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint, if they do not have any element in
common.
For example;
A = {x : x is a prime number} --- A = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,…}
B = {x : x is a composite number}. B = { 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, …}
(Clearly, A and B do not have any element in common and are
disjoint sets.)
Overlapping sets:
Two sets A and B are said to be overlapping if they contain at least one element
in common.
For example;
X = {x : x ∈ N, x < 6} --- X = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Y = {x : x ∈ I, -1 < x < 4} --- Y = { 0, 1, 2, 3}
(Here, the two sets contain three elements in common, i.e., (1, 2,
3), so X and Y are overlapping sets)

8
Subsets and Supersets

Subset:
If A and B are two sets, and every element of set A is also subset
an element of set B, subset
then A is called a subset of B and we write it as A ⊆ B
The symbol ⊆ stands for ‘is a subset of’ or ‘is contained in’ superset
For example;
(i) Let A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {6, 4, 8, 2} universal
set
Here A ⊆ B, A is a subset of B, since all the elements of set A( 2, 4, 6 ) are
contained in set B.
But B ⊄ A, B is not a subset of A, since all the elements of set B are not
contained in set A (doesn’t contain 8).
(ii) Let A = {1, 3, 5, 7} and B = {3, 1, 7, 5}
Here A ⊆ B, A is a subset of B, since all the elements of set A are
contained in set B.
And also, B ⊆ A, B is a subset of A, since all the elements of set B are
contained in set A.

Proper Subset:

If A and B are two sets, then A is called the proper subset of B if A ⊆ B but
B ⊇ A i.e., A ≠ B.
The symbol ‘⊂’ is used to denote proper subset. Symbolically, we write A
⊂ B.
For example;
A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, Here A ≠ B
We observe that, all the elements of A are present in B but the
element ‘5’ of B is not present in A.
So, we say that A is a proper subset of B. Symbolically, we write
it as A ⊂ B

Superset:
Whenever set A is a subset of set B, we say the B is a superset of A and we
write, B ⊇ A.
Symbol ⊇ is used to denote ‘is a super set of’
For example;
A = {a, b, d, e, h} and B = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}
Here A ⊆ B i.e., A is a subset of B and also B ⊇ A i.e., B is a super set of
A
Universal Set of Sets 9

Universal Set
A set which contains all the elements of other given sets is called a
universal set. The symbol for denoting a universal set is ∪ or ξ.
For example;
1. If A = {1, 2, 3} B = {2, 3, 4} C = {3, 5, 7} then U = {1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 7}
therefore A ⊆ U, B ⊆ U, C ⊆ U, Universal set contains all the elements of
other given sets
2. If A = {a, b, c} B = {d, e} C = {f, g, h, i} then U = {a, b, c, d, e, f,
g, h, i} can be taken as universal set.
3. If W is a set of all whole numbers and Y is a set of all negative
natural numbers then the universal set is a set of all integers.
Integers are composed of whole numbers and negative natural numbers
therefore; set of Integers is considered as universal set given Set W and Y]

Operations on Sets

Union of Sets:
To find the union of two given sets A and B is a set which consists of all the
elements of A and all the elements of B such that no element is repeated. The
symbol for denoting union of sets is ‘∪ ’.
For example;
Let set A = {2, 4, 5, 6} and set B = {4, 6, 7, 8}
Taking every element of both the sets A and B, without repeating
any element, we get a new set A ∪ B = {2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Intersection of Sets:
To find the intersection of two given sets A and B is a set which consists of all
the elements which are common to both A and B. The symbol for denoting
intersection of sets is ‘∩‘.
For example:
Let set A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and set B = {3, 5, 7, 9}
In these two sets, the elements 3 and 5 are common. The set
containing these common elements A ∩ B = {3, 5} is the
intersection of set A and B
Difference of Sets: 10

To find the difference of two given sets A and B is a set which consists of
elements of A eliminating the elements found in B. The symbol for denoting
intersection of sets is ‘ – ‘.
For example:
Let set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and set B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
In this two sets, the elements 2, 3 and 5 are found both A and B.
The set containing the elements of A but not in B is A - B = {1, 4}
as the difference of set A and B
The set containing the elements of B but not in A is B - A = {7, 11}
as the difference of set B and A

Complement of a set:

If U be the universal set and A a subset of U, then the complement of A is the

set of all elements of U which are not the elements of A. Symbolically, we
denote the complement of A with respect to U as ‘ A’ ‘.
For Example;
If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and A = {1, 3, 7} find the complement of A (A’) .
We observe that 2, 4, 5, 6 are the only elements of U which do not
belong to A. Therefore, A' = {2, 4, 5, 6}

V. Activities
Activity 1: Set or Not!
A. Directions: Identify whether the following statements form a set or not.
Put 😊 if it is a set and ☹ if not.

_____1. The collection of all integers more than -5.

_____2. The collection of the subjects in you class.
_____3. The collection of nice ABS CBN actors.
_____4. The collection of all rivers in Zambales.
_____5. The collection of all active players in the school.

B. Given the following sets

A = {3, 5, 7, 9}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
C = {12, 14, 18, 20, 24}
D = {21, 26, 31, 36}
Direction: Fill in the blanks. 11
6. 3 ∈ ___
7. 4 ___ B
8. 26 ___ C
9. 8 ∈ ___
10. 5 ___ A

Activity 2: Count and Complete me!

Direction: Complete the table below.

Roster Method Set-Builder Notation

U = { 1, 3, 5, … 19} 1.
V = { x|x is a set of all letters in the
2. word MATHEMATICS }

W = { 10, 20, 30, 40 ,50 … 100 } 3.

4. A={ x|x is natural number up to 40

and divisible by 5}

S = {2, 4, 6, 8} 5.

B. Write the cardinal number for each of the following.

____6. Q = {x | x is a quadrilateral having 5 sides }
____7. Y = The set of letters in the word INTELLIGENT
____8. Z = The set of prime numbers from 2 to 11
____9. P = {x | x is an even prime number}
____10. {x | x ∈ W, x + 2 < 9}
Activity 3: Is that your answer?

A. Classify the following as finite and infinite sets.

___________1. A = {x : x ∈ N and x is even}
___________2. B = {x : x ∈ N and x is composite}
___________3. C = {x : x ∈ N and 3x -2 = 0}
___________4. D = {x : x ∈ N and x2 = 9}
___________5. E = {The set of numbers which are multiples of 3}
B. Identify the following as null set or singleton set.
___________6. A = {x | x ∈ N, 1 < x < 2}
12
___________7. P = {Point of intersection of two lines}
___________8. C = {x : x is an even prime number greater than 2}
___________9. Q = {x | x is an even prime number}
___________10. E = {x : x2 = 9, x is even}

Activity 4: Check or Cross!

A. Identify which set is a subset to a superset

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Put a check (/) if it is a subset and cross (X) if not.
_______1. B = {x : x ∈ W, 1 ≤ x ≤ 6}
_______2. C = { 5, 10, 15}
_______3. D = { x : x ∈ N, 3 < x < 12)
_______4. E = {prime numbers less than 11}
_______5. F = {x | x ∈ I, 0 < x ≤ 5}

B. Find the universal set of the following sets

Answers can be written as roster, statement, or set-builder form.
________________________1. A = {blue, red, green}
B = {orange, indigo, yellow, violet}
_______________________2. P = {The set of consonants in the English alphabet}
Q = {The set of vowels in the English alphabet}
________________________3. X = {x : x∈ W, x is an odd number, x ≤ 10}
Y = {x : x∈ W, x is an even number, x ≤ 10}
________________________4. M = {x :x∈ W, x is a prime number}
N = {x : x∈ W, x is a composite number}
_______________________5. G = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
H = {2, 4, 6, 9, 10}
13
Activity 5: Belong or Not?

A. Directions: Find the union of each of the following pairs of sets.

1. A = {2, 4, 6}
B = {1, 2, 3}
A U B = ____________________________________________________
2. P = {a, e, i, o, u}
Q = {a, b, c, d}
P U Q = ____________________________________________________

3. X = {x : n ∈ N, x = 2n, n < 4}
Y = {x : x is an even number less than 10}
X U Y = ____________________________________________________

4. M = {x : x is natural number and multiple of 3}

N = {x : x is a prime number less than 19}
M U N = ____________________________________________________

5. G = {x : x ∈ N, x < 7}
H = {x : x ∈ Z, -2 ≤ x ≤ 3}
G U H = ____________________________________________________

B. Find the intersection of each of the following pairs of sets.

6. A = {1, 4, 9, 16}
B = {3, 6, 9, 12}
A ∩ B = ____________________________________________________
7. C = {p, q, r, s}
D = {a, b}
C ∩ D = ____________________________________________________
8. P = {x : n ∈ N, x = 3n n< 3}
Q = {x : x ∈ N x < 7}
P ∩ Q = ____________________________________________________

9. X = {x : x is a letter of the word ‘LOYAL’}

Y = {x : x is a letter in the word ‘FLOW’}
X ∩ Y = ____________________________________________________

10. G = {x : x = n2, when n ∈ N}

H = {x : x = 4n, when n ∈ W n < 5}
G ∩ H = ____________________________________________________

14
 VI. Assessment
Multiple Choice : Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a well –defined group of objects called elements that share a common

characteristics.
a. set
b. subset
c. universal set
d. null set

2. It is the set that contains all objects under consideration.

a. Subset
b. null set
c. universal set
d. cardinality of a set
3. List all the letters in the word “school”.
a. {s, c, h, o, o, l}
b. {s, c, h, o, l}
c. {s, h, o, o, l}
d. {s, c, o, l}

4. Given: Set A= {x|x is a counting number},Which of the following is a subset of

set A?
a.{0,1,2,3,4}
b.{1,2,3,4,5}
c.{-2,-1,0,1,2}
d.{-1,-2,-3,-4,-5}

5. Given U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}, and A= {2,4,6,8}. If U is the universal set and A is

the subset, What are the elements of A’?
a.{1,3,5,7}
b.{3,5,7}
c.{1,2,3,4}
d. {3,5,7,9}

6. What is true about the numbers -2,0,5,-7,10,11?

a. They are natural numbers
b. They are whole numbers
c. They are integers
d. They are counting numbers

7. Which of the following is the symbol of an empty set?

 a. ∩ b. U c. ⊆ d. ∅
8. Which of the following set has the cardinality equals to 5?
a. Set A is the set of counting numbers less than 5.
b. Set B is the set of letters in the15word “RACER”.
c. Set C is the set of positive multiples of 5.
d. Set D is the set of names of the fingers.
9. Given A = {i, c, e} and B = {c, o, l, d}, find A∪B.
a. {c, o, l, d, i, e} b. {i, e} c. {e} d. { }

10. Given E = {pig, goat, cow, horse} and F = {chicken, duck}, find E – F.
a. {pig, goat, cow, horse, chicken, duck}
b. {pig, goat, cow, horse}
c. {chicken, duck}
d. { }

VII. Reflection
I. Do what is asked:
A. Is the given set well-defined? Justify your answer.
1. { subjects in Grade 7 }
Yes/No because ____________________
2. { popular actors }
Yes/No because____________________

B. Classify the following sets as empty or non-empty.

1. A = { x|x is a counting number between 10 and 11}
2. B = { x|x is a counting number less than 8}

C. Identify the elements and cardinality of the given set

C= { x|x is the four counting number}
Elements:_______
Cardinality: n(C)=__

II. Do the following exercises

1.Give 3 examples of well-defined sets and null sets
2. Name 3 elements in each of the given sets
a. { Municipalities in Zambales}
b. { Cellphone brands}

16
VIII. References

1. Mathematics-Grade 7 Learner’s Material,

First Edition, 2013
2. https://numberbender.com/lessons/view/1191/1.4-Set-Notation
3. https://numberbender.com/lessons/view/1192/1.5-Writing-Subset-
Using-Set-Notations

Prepared by:

CATHERINE M. BANTILO
Teacher III
Sta. Barbara Integrated School, Iba District