1.synonyms: Examples Include: Boy - Girl, Off - On, Night - Day, Entrance - Exit, Exterior - Interior, True

1.
Synonyms
A word which has similar meaning.
Examples:
Reply-answer
Allow-permit
Begin-start
Bad- awful, terrible, horrible.

 Good-fine, excellent, great.
 Hot- burning, fiery, boiling.
 Cold-chilly, freezing, frosty.
 Easy- Simple, effortless, straightforward.
 Hard-difficult, challenging, tough.
 Big: large, huge, giant.
 Small: tiny, little, mini.
2.Antonyms.
A word that is opposite to another word.
Examples include: boy — girl, off — on, night — day, entrance — exit, exterior — interior, true
— false, dead — alive, push — pull, pass — fail.
Homonyms
Definition: Homonyms are words with same spelling, sound and pronunciation but with
different meanings.
Address
Name of the place of your place Act of addressing oneself for a person or
residences. group
I have your address. He addressed a public gathering
play
To participate in a game To act in the performance.
He plays football regularly. He plays the role of king in the drama.
Some of homonymns are:
Bear(animal) -bear(bear the pain)
bow and bow
saw-saw
scale-scale
lie-lie
will-will
fair-fair
Bark-bark
Homonyms are divided into 2 types: Homophones and Homographs
Homophones Homographs
Are the words with same sound, Are the words with same spelling but
pronunciation but different spelling and different meaning and sound.
different meaning
Examples:sun-son Examples: live-live
See-sea Lead-lead
Plain-plane Wind-wind
Piece-peace Close-close
Examples of homonyms: Write a sentence next to each to indicate and compare the
meanings.
Ate- Eight:
I ate the pasta you made for me.
The boy playing ball outside was eight years old.
Allowed- Aloud:
I’m allowed workplace today.
The children spoke aloud at school.
Steal- Steel:
Thieves often steal valuable items.
All of our pots that we use in the kitchen are steel.
Provide words such as bow and bow, bough and bow, wind and wind, read and red, sow
and sow, sale and sail.
Ask learners to pronounce them and tell their possible meanings. • Then classify the
above words as examples of homographs and homophones. • Finally write sentences
with the words such as bow and bow, bough and bow, wind and wind, read and red, sow
and sow, sale and sail.
Examples of homonyms: Write a sentence next to each to indicate and compare the
meanings.
1. allowed (adj) aloud (adj)

2. cite (v) site (n)
3. bored (adj) board (n)
4. sent (v) scent (n)
5. threw (v) through (prep)
6. whether (conj) weather (n)
7. their (pron) there (prep)
8. feat (n) feet (n)
9. flew (v) flu (n)
10. flour (n) flower (n)
11. waist (n) waste (v)
12. new (adj) knew (v)
13. bark (n) bark (v)
Follow-up to lesson: Teacher reads the following sentences aloud. Students will identify
the homonym and point to the correct word on their list.
1. I threw/through out the rubbish.

2. There was a lovely sent/scent in the garden.
3. The student left school with a terrible flew/flu.
4. I don’t know weather/whether the teacher will stay or go.
5. It was atremendous feet/feat to pass class 9.
6. He knew/new the answer, but he didn’t say it.
7. I was so bored/board that I fell asleep in my chair.
8. She wants to site/cite and example.
Clause
A clause is a group of words in a sentence which contains a subject and a verb.
Example:
The boy is playing.
In the above simple sentence, boy is the subject and playing is the verb so the
part boy is playing is a clause because it has both subject and verb.
A clause might also contain an object along with
the subject which makes it stand alone as a complete sentence. One of the
easiest way to distinguish between a clause and a phrase is that a clause is a set
of words that makes complete sense and does
not require any additional helping words to complete it.
Sara smiled.
Consider the above example; you will notice that this two word simple sentence
make complete sense and is understandable. It consists of a subject and a verb
thus it is a clause.
A single sentence might have one clause like in the above examples,
but there can exist a sentence which contains more than one clause in it.
Examples:
I looked everywhere but the cat was gone.
The above sentence contains two clauses I looked everywhere and cat was
gone. In the same manner, longer and
more complicated sentences might also contain more than two clauses.
Phrase
A phrase is a group of words in a sentence that does NOT contain a subject and
a verb. In other words, in a sentence, one part with subject and verb is
a clause while the rest of it without those two parts of speeches is a phrase.
Example:
On the wall, in the water, over the horizon.
All of the above examples are parts of different sentences which are void of
a subject and verb thus they are classified as phrases.
A clause and a phrase may co-exist in a sentence. For example;
He is playing in the field.
He is playing is a clause (subject+verb) and in the field is a phrase.
Another easy way of remembering the difference between a phrase and
a clause is that a phrase does not make complete sense on its own
and requires the help of other words to make it a complete sentence.
Take the above example, if you find in the field written somewhere alone, you will
be very confused about its meaning and will be unable to understand it. Thus,
a phrase is a set of words that does not make up
a complete and understandable sentence by its own.

Before we go into different types of grammatical phrases, let’s look at a few more
examples of phrases.
 In the air (prepositional phrase)

 Beside the bed (prepositional phrase)
 Along the road (prepositional phrase)

 Examples of Phrases
 1. the boy on the bus (noun phrase)
 2. will be running (verb phrase)
 3. in the kitchen (prepositional phrase)
 4. very quickly (adverb phrase)
 5. Martha and Jan (noun phrase)
 the boy on the bus (noun phrase)
 will be running (verb phrase)
 in the kitchen (prepositional phrase)
 very quickly (adverb phrase)
 Martha and Jan (noun phrase)
 after the meal (prepositional phrase)
 the nice neighbor (noun phrase)
 were waiting for the movie (verb phrase)
 meal (word)
 after the meal (phrase)
 that mom prepared (clause)
 After the meal that mom prepared I felt full. (sentence)
 After the meal that mom prepared, I felt full because I ate too much.
(complex sentence)
 After the meal that mom prepared I felt full, but my brother was still hungry.
(compound sentence)
More Phrase Examples
Before we go into different types of

grammatical phrases, let’s look at a few more examples of phrases.
 In the air (prepositional phrase)

 Beside the bed (prepositional phrase)
 Along the road (prepositional phrase)
 To live and breathe (infinitive phrase)
 Looking stunning (participle phrase)



1.synonyms: Examples Include: Boy - Girl, Off - On, Night - Day, Entrance - Exit, Exterior - Interior, True

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1.

A word which has similar meaning.

Bad- awful, terrible, horrible.

A word that is opposite to another word.

Bear(animal) -bear(bear the pain)

bow and bow

Homonyms are divided into 2 types: Homophones and Homographs

The boy playing ball outside was eight years old.

The children spoke aloud at school.

All of our pots that we use in the kitchen are steel.

1. allowed (adj) aloud (adj)

1. I threw/through out the rubbish.

3. The student left school with a terrible flew/flu.

4. I don’t know weather/whether the teacher will stay or go.

5. It was atremendous feet/feat to pass class 9.

6. He knew/new the answer, but he didn’t say it.

7. I was so bored/board that I fell asleep in my chair.

8. She wants to site/cite and example.

 In the air (prepositional phrase)

Before we go into different types of

 In the air (prepositional phrase)

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