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RFID based smart library racks

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 RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY RACKS

RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY RACKS

Dr.L.Radha Librarian ,Central Library,radhalib@tce.edu

Mrs.Raja Lavanya Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Niranjhna M R Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Subalakshmi C Student, Department of Information Technology, subalakshmic@student.tce.edu
Seeman Chakkaravarthy V Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai : seeman@student.tce.edu

ABSTRACT:
This paper shows you about the advanced- up gradation of library using Internet of things without
any human interference. The RFID reader enables us to scan the antenna of the book for the entry of
the books in the database.[1] The problem arises when the book are being misplaced in the rack form
the order which is being entered in the database. This paper proposes a solution which helps us to
notify about the real-time movement of the books from the respective racks. Here each rack in the
library has been installed with the RFID reader. Here, we consider each rack as a node. These nodes
are allotted with a specific range in order to get connected to the gateway. Both the nodes and
gateway are connected with the router of the library. These nodes transmit the real-time information
to the gateway and the gateway sends the information to the server through the Wi-Fi of the library
and these information are stored in the database. In addition to this, RFID is used to make the work
tracing of book easier also helps to avoid misplacement of books. The entrance of all different
sections of the library is installed with the sensors, and their inputs are connected according with
respective nodes. According to sensor’s output we can control the electronic devices in library as
automatically (i.e. light, fan, etc...). Information from each node will be maintained on database and
update automatically using IOT.
Keywords: Atmega, RFID reader/tags, Wi- Fi, IOT, Smart Rack, ESP32.

1. INTRODUCTION:
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging technology with a surplus of applications
such as healthcare, library etc. RFID technology has provided solutions for library management in
many ways.[2] It has made the identification of books using RFID reader. As per the survey from the
librarian’s misplacement of books in the rack is an upcoming major issue. Since the books are
misplaced in the rack it needs lot of human resource to identify and arrange it. Here we propose a
solution for that using IoT devices and Wifi technology.[5]
The Atmega 2560 is main component of this project, it is interfaced with Radio Frequency
Identification technology and Wi-Fi enabled controller (i.e. ESP32) and sensors. Power supply
circuit is used to convert AC voltage to constant DC voltage. RFID tags are placed on books and
RFID reader is used to read the tags. Buzzer is used to alert the librarian about misplacement of book
if not entered. LCD is used to display the status of books and user. GSM is used to send messages to
user. Nodes are used for web server and push button is used to give input to Atmega. Motorola MC
3190-Z is one of the device can be used for stock verification and inventory control. Also, the above
device can be used for locating the misplaced books at library. The above device revealed the
problems like misplacement of books and reduced manual work of the librarian.

2. RFID IN LIBRARY MANAGEMENT:

RFID has more advantages then the barcode; most of the libraries are moving over to RFID. RFID is
used for many activities such as automatic check in and checkout security thereby reducing the
intervention of humans, especially in places like toll gates, passport office. RFID includes some of
the components like RFID Tags/Labels, Library workstation, Security Gate, Self Service Units,
Shelf Management unit etc. RFID can be made useful for many more areas in future.[1]
2.1 RFID TAG:
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags can be used to track items using smart barcodes.
Journals, CDs, Books which are hard to find in libraries are made easy to search using these tags. EAS
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 RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY RACKS

(Electronic article surveillance) is a function which to identify theft of objects efficiently and
identify the objects correctly.[2] The RFID tag consists of an antenna and a microchip.[1] The
microchip is written with the information that the user wants. The Library encourages dealing with
materials having RFID labels. Numerous capacities can be run on libraries by employing a present-
day graphical client interface.
2.2. RFID SECURITY GATES:
Within the security Entryways there are two or more free Robbery Detection Platforms may have
covering assurance zones giving extra security. The items which are not checked-out in the staff
station or self-checkout station, is prone to the detected when it passes the pedestal zone of the
entryway. Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is used for monitoring a person in a particular area.
The security gate in the area is not connected with any other machine in the device in the locality.
So, a 3D monitoring system which focuses on all three dimensions is made for a good security for
the area. It also detects the people’s movement in and around the area.
2.3 RFID WORK STATION:
RFID workstations consist of a pad, a RFID reader and software to perform the desired functions.
The libraries where people tend to check out books which any intermediate workers use these kinds
of workstations to make their works simpler. First, the user can enter the identity card using an
interactive station with touch screen. The station verifies the legitimacy of the benefactor and allows
the person to make access to the library.
Another station which consists of a kiosk and drop box that enables the self-check-in facility. Just
like ATM when the books are borrowed the database status of the book and the client in updated.
When the books are placed in the work station this mechanism takes place and the theft detection
mechanism is deactivated.
2.4 : RFID INVENTORY CONTROL UNIT
RFID innovation can be utilized for stock confirmation work. Extraordinary hand held terminals
make faster scanning of the materials in the racks without taking them outside. Unlike barcodes the
RFID tags doesn’t require line of sight. The lost things in the rack can be found very easily and it
also plays a vital role in the reduction of labours. The rack correction and stock confirmation in a
big library is exceptionally made good.

3. ATMEGA
ATMEGA is a microcontroller which is usually found in Arduino Mega 2560. It is mainly used to
execute a very large set of instruction in one clock cycle.[4] ATmega consists of 54 digital
input/output pins in which 15 can be used as PWM outputs, 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware
serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button.[4] A USB cable or Ac-to-Dc adapter to connect with computer or any battery is
sufficiently enough to operate ATMEGA.

Of 54 computerized I/O, 15 are utilized for PWM (pulse width modulation). ATmega board features
a crystal oscillator of 16MHz recurrence and it has USB cable port which can be utilized to put
through and transfer code from system to the board. The board has DC control jack which is utilized
to supply control. Arduino board lacks this highlight like Arduino Professional Scaled down. Arduino
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 RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY RACKS

Pro Mini isn't having the DC control jack. In- Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) header is another
addition to Arduino Mega which can be utilized for programming the Arduino and uploading the
code from the system.

4. MOTOROLA MC3190-Z
The MC3190-Z is the lightest UHF RFID durable handheld readers on the market in current
period. It is very comfortable because the model has gun-style grip handle. The advanced,
high efficiency Zebra RFID per user motor increments the efficiency with quicker perused
rates. Include a ground-breaking unused orientation-insensitive radio wire and the result may
be a exceedingly flexible gadget. This gadget can be utilized at domestic, retail shops, health
care and for libraries

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Current system has issue in finding the misplacement of the books. As the hand held reader
is capable of finding the misplaced books but the exact location cannot be retrieving again.
Hence, library staff has to physically verify the rack for finding the books. To avoid such
issue it is proposed a new system using AT mega given below in the block diagram.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

5.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

According to the diagram, first we have to identify number of nodes needed. Node is combination of
wifi enabled controller (i.e. ESP 32, reader with UHF antenna and sensor). Here ESP 32 used for
communication purpose, readers and sensors are input for that controller. RFID tags are embedded
on every book of library. We can set a specific range for each rack according to books in the specific
racks. Sensors should be connected to the needed location such as each rack library desks etc.
Sensor’s output implements the smart library system which is used to automate the library without
human interference. We can pre-arrange the tags range to each reader. Thus, misplacement of books

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 RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY RACKS

should be detected when the range couldn’t match. Using Wi-Fi router each nodes and gateway
sharing information each other Gateway mainly used for collecting rates from nodes and sent to the
server with the gateway. We connected relays using sensors input we can control the electronic
devices via relay. These frame works provides the information about misplacement of books and
also check the availability of books issue renewal and returns of books as automatically upload in
database. This system is easy to use. Consume less timeand automate to the librarian management
and user.
5.2. RFID SENSORS AND CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT
“RFID middleware” is a term which is often used when we talk about connection establishment.
RFID middleware is used for message passing and interact between two machines.[1] The below
operations are related with RFID middleware
i. collecting data from users
ii. Capturing information history
iii. Notifying the user based on trends
iv. Navigating the user to book
v. stock management
RFID reader has two major components such as antennas and scanner which are mainly used to read
and write signals. A microcontroller of input is connected with the reader to control the reader input
and process the data with minimal flaws.[1] RFID readers are used to keep track of the individual
objects, in this case, books in the library. RFID sensors are also categorized into 2 types Active and
Passive. An active sensor with good battery support which lasts throughout lifespan is used in a
complete system to give high level automation. The signals keep transmitting until one of the RFID
tags captures it.[1] The processing of data is done as soon as the response is recorded.
5.3. PRESSURE PAD SENSOR
Pressure pad sensor comprises of a thin sheet sensor pad with Wi-Fi innovation. It is connected to
the allotment unit, which records and controls the system.[5] To reduce the electrical wastage of the
given locality the pressure pad sensor can be linked with it. We can also alert the staffs in the library
if the books are misplaced by the users in the library.
The above module enables the library staff to sort the return books easily. The user keeps the book
on the reader, immediately it read the information of the book from the database such location,
subject, call no. etc. So, it is simple for the staffs to place the books on exact shelf location.
4.6. SENSORS
A motion sensor is made as an addon to the system which makes an alert by constantly monitoring
the movement of a person in a section.[6] Motion detector are significantly used in e-compass, home
security, digital cameras, smartphones and wearables, personal security and so on.[5] If a movement
in a particular area of the house is detected then the sensor is turned on automatically. This sensor
remains turned on until the person giving the movement leaves the place.[6] The timer is used in
mono-stable mode to generate one shot trigger to drive the relay driver IC ULN2803 for a duration of
time on the basis of the function the relay in turn is drive to act as a high voltage switching switch to
put on the light. The 555 IC pin 3 maintains the high logic for the duration of the time and thus the
light is on for that duration. The output of 555 timers which is pin no 3 will be high or low according
to the motion senses by PIR sensor. Input of ULN2803 is connected to the pin no. 3 of 555 timer IC
and output of ULN2803 is taken in form of dc bulb through the relay which will be glow when there
is any movement detected in the room.
PIR Sensor is a cost effective and a simple system. The main advantage of the above sensor is to
save energy.[5] If any movement occurs in that particular place then the bulb will glow up or we can
use buzzer in place of bulb so that the buzzer will get on. The most work of PIR sensor is to identify
the Human body movement, in case there are any movements then the temperature of infrared will
get shift and from that a signal is produced so as to bring into switching mode by utilizing transistor to
switch.[2] For exchanging we use 555 clocks to extend the duration time length of shining the bulb.
When we receive the signal the bulb needs to be set ON to 2 or 3 seconds.[2]

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 RFID BASED SMART LIBRARY RACKS

CONCLUSION:
Taking smart cities and homes into consideration, in this modern world, a place with academic
excellence like library needs to be smart.[3] The challenges in implementing these kinds of ideas in
India are huge. The support of the government and its authorities is very much essential and
mandatory to accomplish the works made.[3] The proposed system is very efficient in terms of
technology and easy to use, consumes less time and automates the library and reduces the workload
of the librarian.
The main advantage of this paper is that all the information about the misplacement of the books.
The need to manage time and energy consumption is utmost desire of an organization, a firm or an
institute. This framework also provides the activities such as issue, renewal and return of the books
are digitalized and all these actions are automatically updated in the database. In the extended basis
of library management it’s very efficient and helpful.

6. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
As future work, we arrange to assess the diverse organization such as experienced versus in
experienced designers in IOT. Moreover designers can diminish the number of nodes compared to
our proposed framework. An satisfactory speculation should be done agreeing to this fundamental
fact. In summary, it can be said that applying the IOT’s innovation in library administration
systems’ execution is promising for the up and coming future.

7. REFERENCES:
[1] AlkaLondhe,HemalGokhale, Prashant Kumar Gautam, ShraviJadhav,Vineet Job,
“Automation of Library Management System Using RFID”International Journal of Scientific
Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882,Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019
[2] Dr.B.T.Geetha, .Perumal, S.Hariharan, T.Jayakumar, “A Smart Book Accessing System Using
RFID and IR in Library” International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No.
24, 2018, ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version).
[3] JitendraPandey, Syed Imran Ali Kazmi, Muhammad Sohail Hayat, Imran Ahmed “A study on
implementation of smart library systems using IOT”, proc. International Conference on Infocom
Technologies and Unmanned Systems (Trends and Future Directions) (ICTUS) 2017DOI:
10.1109/ICTUS.2017.8286003.
[4] Snehalatha , VeereshPujari , Dr.BaswarajGadgay “implementation of smart colleges using IOT”
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), ISSN:
2321-9653Volume 6 Issue VII, July 2018.
[5]A. Kaladhar, K. SomasekharaRao “Internet of Things: A Route to Smart Libraries Journal of
Advancements in Library Sciences” ISSN: 2349-4352 (Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, JoALS ,2017.
[6] Mrs.C.P.Vandana,AnamikaBhattacharje e,,Anubhuti Gupta , “Library Management system
based on IOT”, Volume-3,Issue-4 ,April,2017.
[7] Jianning Qin, “The Research of the Library Services Based on Internet of Things” Advances in
Social Science, Education and Humanities Research,4th International Symposium on Social Science
(ISSS 2018) volume 89,2018.
[8]L. Radha Alias Nagalakshmi, "Deployment of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) at Indian
academic libraries", International Journal of Library and Information Science, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 34-
37, February 2011

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