Mathematics

Quarter 1-Module 4
Solving Quadratic Equation By
Completing the Square
Week 1
Learning Code - M9AL – Ia-b- 1
 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 4 – New Normal Math for G9

First Edition 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jhon Edward M. Valera – T1 Rowena F. Reyes – T1
Analyn M. Argel - MTII Roderick F. Borja- TIII

Editors: Sally C. Caleja – Head Teacher VI

Marissa B. Aniban – Head Teacher VI
Melody P. Rosales – Head Teacher VI
Validators: Remylinda T. Soriano, EPS, Math
Angelita Z. Modesto, PSDS
George B. Borromeo, PSDS

Illustrator: Writers
Layout Artist: Writers

Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director

Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, Chief-CID
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator
 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
MODULE SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATION BY COMPLETING
4 THE SQUARE

You already learned how to solve quadratic equation by factoring. However,

there are limitations in using this method especially if the trinomial is not factorable.
In this module, you will learn another way of solving quadratic equation - by
completing the square.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

PPREPREVIER!
LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learners will be able to:
• solve quadratic equation by completing the square. M9AL – Ia-b- 1

WHAT I KNOW
PPREPREVIER
! Find out how much you already know about solving quadratic equation by
completing the square. Write the letter that you think is the best answer to each
question on your answer sheet. Answer all items. After taking and checking this short
test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the
right answers as you go through this module.

1. What should be the middle term to make this a perfect square trinomial
𝑚2 + ___ + 100?
A. 5m C. 20m
B. 10m D. 50m
2. What must be added to 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + _______ to make it a perfect square trinomial?
A. 2 C. 8
B. 4 D. 16
3. In solving the equation 𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 = −1 by completing the square, what must be
added to both sides to make the left side a perfect square trinomial.
A. 1 C. 16
B. 4 D. -2
4. Which of the following is a perfect square trinomial?
A. 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25 C. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 25
B. 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 – 25 D. 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 5
5. What is the factored form of 𝑥 – 6𝑥 + 9?
2

A. (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 3) C. (𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 + 3)
B. (𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 − 3) D. (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 1)
49
6. In the expression 𝑥 – 𝑏𝑥 + , what is b to make the expression a perfect
2
4
square.
A. 49 B. 7 C.4 D. 1

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
7. What is the square of binomial in question number 6?
7 2 7 2
A. (𝑥 − ) C. (𝑥 + )
2 2
7 2 7 2
B. (𝑥 − ) D. (𝑥 + )
4 4
8. Find the solution set of quadratic equation 𝑏 2 – 2𝑏 − 3 = 0 by completing the
square.
A. 1, -3 C. 2, -4
B. -2, -4 D. -1, 3
9. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 = − 6?
A. 2, 3 C. -1, 6
B. 3, -4 D. -2, -3
10. What must be added to 𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 + _______ to make it a perfect square trinomial?
A. 100 C. 112
B. 110 D. 121

WHAT’S IN
PPREPREV Collaboration and Critical Thinking
IER!
The concept of “perfect square trinomial” is the basis in the process of
“completing of the square”. In this case, let us have a recall to illustrate this.

A trinomial is a perfect square if:

1. The first and third terms are perfect squares containing positive
numerical coefficients or positive numbers.

2. The second term is twice the product of the square roots of the two
perfect square terms.

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Try this! To factor a perfect square
Complete the table below. trinomial:
1. Find the positive square
Is it a
roots of each of the two
perfect perfect square terms.
Trinomial Factors or Reason 2. Connect the two
square
squares roots with the
trinomial? sign of the numerical
coefficient of the
(𝑥 + 4)2 remaining term (the
𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 Yes
second term) of the given
The sign of the third trinomial.
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 − 25 No
term (25) is negative. 3. Indicate that this
𝑝 2 – 24𝑝 + 144 binomial is used twice as
a factor.
𝑟 2 + 6𝑟 + 36
Example:
9𝑧 2 + 24𝑧 – 16
(𝑎 – 11)2
𝑎2 − − + 121 Yes

+ 40𝑏 + 100 (2𝑏 + 10)2

Yes

WHAT’S NEW Communication, Critical

Thinking, and Collaboration

An expression such as 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 is an “incomplete” square. But if you add 16 to

𝑥2 + 8𝑥, we will get 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 which is a perfect square trinomial and equivalent
to (𝑥 + 4)2 in factored form. When we add 16 to 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥, we are completing the
square.

Look for a pattern in the following table.

Incomplete Square Completed Square Factored Form
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 (𝑥 + 2)2
𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 (𝑦 + 3)2
𝑏 2 – 8𝑏 𝑏 2 – 8𝑏 + 16 (𝑏 – 4)2
𝑚2 – 10𝑚 𝑚2 – 10𝑚 + 25 (𝑚 – 5)2

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Notice that the constant term in the completed square is the square of half the
coefficient of x. For example:

𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9

Half of 6 is 3 3 when squared

(32 ) is equal to 9
This suggests the procedure of “completing the square”

Completing the Square

𝑏 2
In an expression of the form 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 or 𝑥 2 – 𝑏𝑥, add the constant term ( ) to
2
complete the square.

1
In 𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥, if we take (2b) or b, and square it, we will get the third term 𝑏 2 .
2

Examples:
Complete the square. Then write each completed square in factored form.

1. 𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 Solution:
18 2
To complete the square, add ( ) or 81.
2
Completed square: 𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 81
Factored form: (𝑥 + 9)2
2. 𝑑 2 – 7𝑑 Solution:
−7 2 49
To complete the square, add ( ) or .
2 4
49
Completed square: 𝑑 2 – 7𝑑 +
4
7 2
Factored form: (𝑑 − )
2
2
3. 𝑤2 − 𝑤 Solution:
3
−2 2
1
To complete the square, add ( 3
) or .
2 9
2 1
Completed square: 𝑤 2 − 𝑤 +
3 9
1 2
Factored form: (𝑤 − )
3

WHAT IS IT

Solving quadratic equations by factoring is simple and easy to do. However,

there are some quadratic equation that are very difficult to factor. We can solve any
quadratic equation using the method called completing the square.

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Example 1: Solve 𝑥2 – 8𝑥 – 9 = 0 by completing the square.
Solution:
Original equation
𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 – 9 = 0
Add 9 to both sides
𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 = 9
2 Add 16 to both sides. The right side
𝑥 – 8𝑥 + 16 = 9 + 16
is a perfect square trinomial.
Note: To get the constant that will complete the square take the
coefficient of x, divide it by 2, then square it. We have -8 as the
−𝟖 𝟐
numerical coefficient of -8x. Thus, ( ) = 16
𝟐
𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 + 16 = 25
(𝑥 – 4)2 = 25 Factor the trinomial square.
𝑥 – 4 = √25 Extract the square root of both
sides.
𝑥– 4 = ±5
𝑥– 4 = 5 or 𝑥 – 4 = −5 Equate the linear expressions to
𝑥 = 9 or 𝑥 = −1 each of the two values.
Solve each of the resulting linear
equations.
The solution set is {−𝟏, 𝟗}.

Checking:
For 𝑥 = −1 For 𝑥 = 9
2
𝑥 – 8𝑥 – 9 = 0 𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 – 9 = 0
2
(−1) – 8(−1) – 9 = 0 2
(9) – 8(9) – 9 = 0
1 + 8– 9 = 0 81 – 72 – 9 = 0
0 = 0 0 = 0
Example 2: Solve 3𝑥 – 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 by completing the square.
2

Solution:
3𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 Original equation
3𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 = −1 Add -1 to both side of the equation.
3𝑥 2 4𝑥 1
− =− Divide by 3.
3 3 3
4𝑥 1 4
𝑥2 − =− The coefficient of x is − .
3 3 3
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
(− ÷ 𝟐) = (− ) =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
4 4 1 4 4
𝑥2 − 𝑥 + = − + Add to both sides.
3 9 3 9 9
2 4 4 1
𝑥 − 𝑥+ =
3 9 9
2 1
(𝑥 − )2 = Factor the trinomial square.
3 9
2 2
√(𝑥 − ) = √1 Extract the root of both sides.
3 9
2 1
𝑥− = ±
3 3
2 1 2 1
𝑥 − = − or 𝑥− =
3 3 3 3
1
𝑥 = 𝑥 = 1
3

𝟏
The solution set is { , 𝟏}
𝟑
*Checking the solution set will serve as your exercise.

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
Example 3: Solve 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 8 = 0 by completing the square.
Solution:
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 – 8 = 0 Original equation
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 = 8 Adding 8 on both side of the equation.
The coefficient of x is -4.
(− 𝟒 ÷ 𝟐)𝟐 = (−𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟒
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 4 = 8 + 4 Add 4 on both sides.
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 4 = 12
(𝑥 – 2)2 = 12 Factor the trinomial square.
𝑥 – 2 = ± √12 Extract the square root of both sides.
𝑥 – 2 = ±√4 ∙ 3
𝑥 – 2 = ±2√3
𝑥 = 2 ± 2√3
The solution set is {𝟐 − 𝟐√𝟑 , 𝟐 + 𝟐√𝟑}
Checking:
For x = 2 - 𝟐√𝟑 For x = 2 + 𝟐√𝟑
x2 – 4x – 8 = 0 x2 – 4x – 8 = 0
(2- 2√3)2 – 4 (2- 2√3) – 8 = 0 (2+ 2√3)2 – 4 (2+ 2√3) – 8 = 0
4 - 8√3 + 12 – 8 + 8√3- 8 = 0 4 + 8√3 + 12 – 8 - 8√3- 8 = 0
0=0 0=0

WHAT’S MORE
To master your skills in solving quadratic equation by completing the square,
solve and check your solutions for the following:
1. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5 = 0
2. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 12 = 0
4. 5𝑥 2 + 26𝑥 + 5 = 0
5. 7𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 1

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

To have a better understanding, below are the summarized steps in “completing

the square”.

1. Place the constant term on the right side of the equation. All the terms with
unknowns are on the left side.
2. If the coefficient of the quadratic term, 𝑎 ≠ 1, divide each term of the equation by the
numerical coefficient.
3. To get the constant term needed to complete the square, get the numerical
coefficient of linear term, divide it by 2 and square it. Add the result to both sides of
the equation.
4. Factor the perfect square trinomial.
5. Extract the square root from both sides. Two values will be obtained for the right
side of the equation.
6. Equate the linear expressions to each of the two values.
7. Solve each of the resulting linear equations.
8. Check your answer by substituting to the 7 original equation.
 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

WHAT I CAN DO

Find the solution set of each of the following quadratic equations using the process of
“completing the square”. Show your solution.

1. 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 2 = 0 6. 2𝑦 2 – 3 = 5𝑦
2. 𝑏 2 – 2𝑏 – 15 = 0 7. 𝑝 2 + 2𝑝 – 15 = 0
3. 𝑚2 − 7𝑚 + 12 = 0 8. 3𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 12 = 0
4. 2𝑤 2 + 2𝑤 – 4 = 0 9. 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
5. 3𝑛2 + 24𝑛 = − 48 10. 𝑎 = 2𝑎2 – 1

ASSESSMENT

Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet. If your answer is not
among the choices, write E together with your final asnwer.

1. Which of the following will make the expression 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + ___ a perfect square
trinomial?
A. 3 C. 9
B. 6 D. 12

2. What is the missing term to make the expression 𝑝 2 + ______ + 49 a perfect

square trinomial?
A. 14p C. 16p
B. 4p D. 9p

3. Which of the following will have a perfect square trinomial on one side of
equation if 36 is added to both sides of equation?
A. 𝑥 2 – 12𝑥 = −1 C. 𝑥 2 – 9𝑥 = −1
B. 𝑥 – 6𝑥 = −1
2 D. 𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 = −1

4. Which of the following is a perfect square trinomial?

A. 𝑥 2 – 2𝑥 + 1 C. 𝑥 2 – 4
B. 𝑥 – 4𝑥 + 6
2 D. 𝑥 2 + 9

5. In the expression x2 – bx + 100, what is the value of b to make the expression a

perfect square?
A. 10 C. 15
B. 5 D. 20

6. To find the value of b in question number 5, get the ______ of the product of the
square roots of the 𝑥 2 and 100.
A. thrice C. twice
B. once D. triple

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
7. What is the squared binomial in question number 5?
A. (𝑥 − 5)2 C. (𝑥 + 20)2
B. (𝑥 − 10)2 D. (𝑥 + 10)2

8. Find the solution set of quadratic equation 6x2 = 10 + 11x by completing the
square.
5 2 5 2
A. , − C. ,
2 3 2 3
5 2 2 2
B. − , − D. ,−
2 3 5 3

5
9. What are the roots of quadratic equation x 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0?
3
A. √11 C.
−5±√11
5±√11 4
B. D. no real roots
8

10. What constant should be added to both sides of 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1 = 0 a make the

left-hand side a perfect square trinomial?

A. 4 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
E. 7m Critical Thinking and
Creativity

A. The scenario below can be represented by a quadratic equation. Write a

mathematical model showing the situation then solve for what is asked on the
problem. If the process of “completing the square” is appropriate to solve for the
unknown, then use it. Otherwise, use other methods that you know.
Led television screens are
usually measured by the length of
its diagonal. The television set has
60-inch diagonal. The screen is 12
inches wider than its height. Find
the dimensions of the screen.

Exploration

In the next module, we will solve the value of 𝑥 of a quadratic equation

𝑎𝑥 2+ 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 ,where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑎 ≠ 0 by using a specific formula. One way of deriving
this formula is by completing the square. Try it now without looking ahead!

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

PROBLEM – BASED WORKSHEET

An Open Box

A rectangular board is 6 in longer than its width.

An open box was made by cutting 3 in. squares at each
corner and folding the sides.

1. Draw a diagram to illustrate the situation.

2. Write expressions that represent the width, length and height of the box.
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Suppose the volume of the box is 336 cubic in., write the mathematical
sentence that will represent the situation.
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Use completing the squares to find the dimensions of the rectangular
board.
5. What are the dimensions of the box? ____________________________________

E-Search

You may also check the following link for your reference and further learnings
on solving quadratic equation using completing square.

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 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IFPixtQpYM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9UgvReIRsp8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prx_Bf2hakw

REFERENCES

Dugopolski, Mark.2006.Elementary and Intermediate Algebra 2nd edition.MCGraw-

Hill.New York City
E-Math Worktext in Mathematics 9, Revised Edition by O. Oronce & M. Mendoza
Wizard Mathematics, Intermediate Algebra Worktext II by A. DIgnadice
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/electronics-led-television-13310416655.html
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/completing-square.html
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/woman-with-long-hair-teaching-
online_7707557.htm
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/kids-having-online-lessons_7560046.htm
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/illustration-with-kids-taking-lessons-online-
design_7574030.htm

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 14
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
A. Height=36 inches
Width= 48 inches
B. Please see module 5
WHAT I KNOW ASSESSMENT
1. C 1. C
2. B 2. A
3. C 3. A
4. A 4. A
5. B 5. D
6. D 6. C
7. A 7. B
8. D 8. A
9. D 9. D
10. D 10. C
PISA – BASED WORKSHEET
1. Let x = width of the board
then x + 6 = length of the board
2. If squares with side 3 in. will be cut from the corners,
then the box will have,
width = x - 6
length = x
height = 3
3. With V = lwh, the volume of the box will be
3x (x-6) = 336
4. To find the dimensions on the board using
3x2 – 18x = 336
3(x2 – 6x + 9 ) = 336 +27
3(x – 3)2 = 363
(x – 3)2 = 121
x–3 = ±11
x = 11 + 3 and x = -11 + 3
x = 14 and x = -8
But a negative value of x does not fit the conditions of the problem, thus
the value of x is 14. Thus, the board is 14 in. by 20 in.
5. The dimensions of the box are:
width = 8 in
length = 14 in
height = 3 in
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics
GRADE 9
 GRADE 9
Learning Module for Junior High School Mathematics

ANSWER KEY

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