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Lesson 6-Socsci

Socialization and enculturation are processes through which individuals learn the norms, values, and customs of their society. [1] Socialization occurs from birth through death as people acquire knowledge and skills to function in their social world. [2] Enculturation is the process by which people adopt the behaviors of the culture they are immersed in. [3] These processes help form individuals' identities and allow societies to transmit culture across generations.

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153 views5 pages

Lesson 6-Socsci

Socialization and enculturation are processes through which individuals learn the norms, values, and customs of their society. [1] Socialization occurs from birth through death as people acquire knowledge and skills to function in their social world. [2] Enculturation is the process by which people adopt the behaviors of the culture they are immersed in. [3] These processes help form individuals' identities and allow societies to transmit culture across generations.

Uploaded by

Vince Laurence Blancaflor
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 6: SOCSSCI

SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

 SOCIALIZATION
- Socialization is the process through which we learn the norms, customs, values, and roles of the
society, from birth through death.
- Mainly focus on the acquisition of knowledge, value and skills.

Socialization can be described from two points of view: objectively and subjectively.

Objective Socialization- refers to the society acting upon the child.

Subjective Socialization- The process by which society transmits its culture from one generation to the
next. This perspective on socialization helps identity formation of individuals which is essential in
establishing her/his social skills. 

Its functions are:

Why is socialization important? 

- It is an instrument on how an individual will adapt to his existence to survive. The process of
socialization enables the individual to grow and function socially.

 ENCULTURATION
- Enculturation is the process by which an individual adopts the behaviour patterns of the culture
in which he or she is immersed.
- Focus more on cultural traits.
Enculturation and socialization results to:

 Identity formation-  an individual’s identity is formed through his interaction with other people.

 Norms - These are shared rules of conduct that specify how people ought to think and act.
norms create predictability in daily affairs and interactions, making it easier to live with other
members of society.

-It is the standard behaviour and interaction making it easier to live with other members
of society.

-example: encouraging positive behaviour, be honest

 “The essence of social order”                               - Emile Durkheim

 Values are standards people use to determine desirable goals and outcomes. The two most
important values that Filipinos possess are: value of industry and utang na loob (reciprocity or
debt of gratitude)

-Value of industry is shown when Filipinos take pride in their work because they toiled hard for
it.

-Utang na loob is an obligation to repay a person from whom one has received a favor.

Statuses and Roles 

 Status is any position that an individual can occupy in society. One can be a student, a singer,
and a daughter at the same time. 

 Role conflict occurs when two statuses, both applicable to the situation, require distinct and
divergent roles from the individual. 

The two types of status are: ascribed and achieved

 Ascribed status is given at birth or assigned later in life. 

EXAMPLE: gender, race, sex, age

 Achieved status is acquired willfully and consciously through effort, talents and decisions and
accomplishments. 

EXAMPLE: profession, achievements


 Role refers to the behavior expected of someone
who holds a particular status. 

What are the roles expected from a student?

- Getting high grades, attending classes, studying well,


completing assignments 

Understanding Conformity and Deviance

 Goals, rules and expectations= CONFORMITY

 When norms are challenged or violated= DEVIANCE 

Conformity refers to the process of altering one’s thoughts and actions to adapt to the accepted
behavior within his or her group or society. 

- It follows the standards of people’s majority

Deviance- people who did crime that destroy their well-being

Mores- are strong norms that are considered morally significally


- When you violate and considered it as serious matter, You will face assumptions or punishments

Folkways- standard in people and expected them to behave well


- the traditional behavior or way of life of a particular community or group of people.
-No formal punishments but disapproval to others

Different types of conformity according to Kelman (1958). 

1. Compliance (group acceptance)

- Occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction
from another person or group. 
- He adopts the induced behavior because he expects to gain specific rewards or approval and
avoids specific punishment or disapproval by conformity.

2. Identification

- This occurs when an individual accepts influence because he wants to establish or maintain a satisfying
self-defining relationship to another person or group. 

- Identification is conforming to someone who is liked and respected. 


3. Internalization

- This is the deepest level of conformity were the beliefs of the group become part of the
individual’s own belief system. This means the change in behavior is permanent.
- He adopts the induced behavior because it is congruent or consistent with his value system.

4. Deviance

- Any significant departure from what is considered “normal” or normative.


- Deviance can range from something minor, such as a traffic violation, to something major, such
as murder.

Location: A person speaking loudly during a church service would probably be considered deviant,
whereas a person speaking loudly at a party would not.

Age: A five-year-old can cry in a supermarket without being considered deviant, but an older child or an
adult cannot.

Social status: A famous actor can skip to the front of a long line of people waiting to get into a popular
club, but a non-famous person would be considered deviant for trying to do the same.

Society controls individual ideas and behaviors through the following mechanisms:

1. Informal consequence 

o   These are unofficial, often casual pressure to conform

o   Positive informal sanctions involve reward for conformity or compliance 

o Examples: smiles, kiss, affirmation, or words of approval

o    Negative informal sanctions involve penalties for not conforming 

o Example: ridicule, ostracism rejection or even expulsion.

2. Formal consequence

o    These are official, institutionalized incentives to conform and penalties for deviance.

    The criminal justice system is the most important and visible institution of social control.

o   These may take the form of arrest, pre-trial, sentencing or imprisonment.


 

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