Kacmarek: Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 10th Edition

Kacmarek: Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 10th
Edition Chapter 4: Principles of Infection Prevention and Control
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. About how many people die each year in the United States from hospital-acquired
infections (HAIs)?
a. 5,000
b. 25,000
c. 99,000
d. 250,000
2. Approximately what percent of patients receiving mechanical ventilation develop

pneumonia as a complication?
a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 25%
3. Which of the following is considered the primary source of infection in the
health care setting?
a. medical equipment
b. humans
c. food and water
d. carpet
4. How do endotracheal tubes increase the risk of infection?

a. impeding local host defenses
b. providing surfaces for biofilms to develop
c. by reducing neutrophil effectiveness
d. both A and B
5. All of the following factors increase the risk of surgical patients for developing
postoperative pneumonia except:
a. obesity
b. prolonged intubation
c. history of smoking
d. strong cough
6. What is the most common route of pathogen transmission in the hospital

setting? a. indirect contact
b. droplet transmission
c. airborne transmission
d. surgical transmission
7. Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission involving

fomites? a. use of a sterile needle on a pneumonia patient
b. use of a dirty nebulizer on another patient
c. drinking tap water
d. inhaling tuberculosis pathogens in the emergency department
8. If you are caring for a patient who is suspected of having SARS, at what distance
from the patient is it recommended to wear an effective filtration mask?
a. 6 feet
b. 10 feet
c. 12 feet
d. 15 feet
9. Which of the following diseases is transmitted primarily by airborne

transmission? a. tuberculosis
b. measles
c. smallpox
d. all the above
10. What techniques are used by most hospitals to reduce host susceptibility to
infection? a. immunization
b. chemoprophylaxis
c. surveillance
d. both A and B
11. What vaccination does OSHA require hospital employers to provide?

a. tuberculosis
b. smallpox
c. hepatitis B
d. Streptococcus pneumoniae
12. Exposure to which of the following organisms calls for postexposure

chemoprophylaxis?
a. N. meningitides
b. B. pertussis
c. B. anthracis
d. All of the above
13. What is the first step in equipment processing for reuse on another
patient? a. drying the equipment
b. cleaning the equipment
c. disinfecting the equipment
d. sterilizing the equipment
14. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of soaps to clean
equipment? a. Soaps act by lowering the surface tension.
b. Soaps work poorly in hard water.
c. Soaps have good bactericidal activity.
d. Soaps can help remove organic material.
15. What should be used to wipe down the surface of devices that cannot be immersed
in water? a. 70% ethyl alcohol
b. warm soapy water
c. strong detergent
d. bleach
16. Which of the following organisms is NOT destroyed by a disinfection

agent? a. gram-negative cocci
b. bacterial spores
c. gram-positive rods
d. viruses
17. What solution should be used to disinfect the surfaces of the room of a patient
who was infected with C. difficile?
a. 70% ethyl alcohol
b. 5.25% sodium hypochlorite
c. 1% sodium benzoate
d. 5% iodine solution
18. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of alcohol
disinfectants? a. Their activity drops when diluted below 50% concentration.
b. Alcohols are good for surface cleaning of stethoscope bells and
diaphragms. c. They can damage rubber tubing.
d. They are considered sporicidal.
19. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of
phenolics as a disinfectant?
a. They are bactericidal.
b. They are fungicidal.
c. They are ineffective on surfaces shortly after application.
d. They cause tissue irritation.
20. Which of the following characteristics is true for iodophors as

disinfectants? a. water soluble
b. nonstaining
c. less irritating to tissue
d. all of the above
21. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of
glutaraldehyde? a. It is a true sterilizing agent when used properly.
b. It can retain activity up to 90 days once activated.
c. It is not used for disinfection on surfaces due to cost.
d. It can cause significant tissue inflammation in workers who use it.
22. What is the recommended dilution level of bleach according to the CDC for cleaning
up blood spills?
a. 1:1
b. 1:5
c. 1:10
d. 1:20
23. What is the most common, efficient, and easiest sterilization

method? a. ETO
b. flash sterilization
c. steam sterilization
d. use of hydrochlorofluorcarbon
24. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of ETO for
sterilization? a. It is harmless to rubber and plastics.
b. It will penetrate prewrapping.
c. Acute exposure is of little consequence.
d. It is useful for equipment that cannot be autoclaved.
25. Which of the following is the most common source of patient

infections? a. large-volume nebulizers
b. small-volume nebulizers
c. internal circuits of a ventilator
d. oxygen therapy devices
26. Which of the following steps for disinfection of a bronchoscope is NOT

true? a. The first step is cleaning the scope.
b. Disinfection is done by immersion in a liquid disinfectant.
c. The device is stored lying flat to promote drying.
d. Drying techniques can include forced air.
27. Which of the following organisms has been associated with health care–associated
infections in patients using a poorly disinfected bronchoscope?
a. M. tuberculosis
b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
c. Klebsiella
d. both A and B
28. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the use of disposable
respiratory care equipment?
a. Recent research supports their use as a cost-effective measure.
b. Many quality issues exist.
c. Reusing the equipment is often done.
d. All of the above are true.
29. Which of the following is NOT a category under Expanded

Precautions? a. Contact Precautions
b. Droplet Precautions
c. Standard Precautions
d. Airborne Infection Isolation
30. What is the minimum recommended time for handwashing in the health care
environment?
a. 5 seconds
b. 15 seconds
c. 30 seconds
d. 60 seconds
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the use of sterile gloves
in the hospital setting?
a. They should be worn for all invasive procedures.
b. They should not be used as a substitute for handwashing.
c. The same pair can be used on numerous patients if noninvasive
procedures are done.
d. They may have small invisible defects that cause contamination of the
user’s hands.
32. Which of the following is NOT one of the five key recommended components of an
infection control program in the hospital setting?
a. development
b. surveillance
c. investigation
d. reporting
33. Which of the following diseases is transmitted through direct

contact? a. HIV
b. pertussis
c. hepatitis B
d. hepatitis C
34. Which of the following diseases travels through droplet mode?

a. Influenza
b. small pox
c. pertussis
d. both A and C
35. What is a Prevention Bundle?

a. The use of multiple evidence based best practices to prevent device
related infection
b. Recent research supports the use of cost-effective measurements.
c. An ongoing process of monitoring patients and personnel for the
acquisition of infection in the healthcare setting
d. All of the above
36. Besides humans, what is another source of infectious agents in a health
care setting? a. ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
b. catheter-related bloodstream infections
c. catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTI)
d. all of the above
37. Small volume nebulizers produce bacterial aerosols that have been commonly
associated with which of the following diseases?
a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
b. measles
c. small pox
d. nosocomial pneumonia
38. What is the purpose of an inspiratory HEPA filter in a ventilator circuit? a.

The purpose is to serve as a heated thermistor that prevents condensation
from forming in the circuits.
b. It prevents pathogens from being expelled into the surroundings.
c. When placed between the ventilator and the circuit, it can eliminate
bacteria d. None of the above
39. The unit residence asked you to reduce the risk of contamination caused by
condensation in the circuit of a mechanically ventilated patient. Which of the
following would help to reduce or eliminate condensation in this patient’s circuit?
a. using a heat and moisture exchange (HME)
b. by draining the circuit on a daily basis
c. by not using any form of heater at all
d. by lowering the temperature in the heater
Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2003, 1999, 1995, 1990, 1982, 1977, 1973, 1969 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Kacmarek: Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 10th

Edition Chapter 4: Principles of Infection Prevention and Control

2. Approximately what percent of patients receiving mechanical ventilation develop

4. How do endotracheal tubes increase the risk of infection?

6. What is the most common route of pathogen transmission in the hospital

7. Which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission involving

9. Which of the following diseases is transmitted primarily by airborne

11. What vaccination does OSHA require hospital employers to provide?

12. Exposure to which of the following organisms calls for postexposure

16. Which of the following organisms is NOT destroyed by a disinfection

20. Which of the following characteristics is true for iodophors as

23. What is the most common, efficient, and easiest sterilization

25. Which of the following is the most common source of patient

26. Which of the following steps for disinfection of a bronchoscope is NOT

29. Which of the following is NOT a category under Expanded

33. Which of the following diseases is transmitted through direct

34. Which of the following diseases travels through droplet mode?

35. What is a Prevention Bundle?

38. What is the purpose of an inspiratory HEPA filter in a ventilator circuit? a.

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